Question: How do recaptchas work? And why do people need to repeat them over and over again sometimes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do recaptchas work? And why do people need to repeat them over and over again sometimes?

Humans read text by looking at the lines on a page and seeing a pattern. We see that a straight line, no matter how long it is, looks like the letter 'L' or 'I'. We see that a line with a 'foot' at the bottom is an L. We see that any two lines with a line between them is an H. But a computer can't think like us, it can't think, 'oh, that kind of looks like other L's that I've seen, that must also be an L.' (well, they can to an extent, but it takes a lot of time and processing power, and they don't always get it right). Instead, a computer stores all of its information as a series of 0's and 1's, and if I write a basic program to display text on the screen, it's going to use one of a few common methods of converting 0's and 1's into letters or symbols. Most computers are programmed (as part of the operating system, like Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, etc.) to understand certain sequences of 0's and 1's in the same way. So if I output a bunch of characters on the screen with basic programming, then it's easy for another programmer to write some code to look for the 0's and 1's in the file that has the letters. On the other hand, if I take letters (say, 'ABCD'), and use a randomizer to swirl them around a bit and store it as an image file that the computer only understands as a bunch of dots in a rectangle (which is what you'll see in any image on a screen if you look real close), most people would still be able to read the text because they recognize the pattern. But now I can't just write a program to 'read' the text in the picture. So if I show the image on my website, I already know the correct sequence of characters, but a computer would have a more difficult time figuring out what those letters are. & #x200B; Today, regular number/letter captchas aren't 100% secure because we have better code to solve them, and there are other ways of getting around them (like sending captchas to low-paid humans to solve all day). So Google has the thing where you click images of stop signs or crosswalks or whatever, and they can cross-reference that with other people's results or what their software expects, and that's how they know if you're a human, because it's all pattern recognition that's harder for a computer to do. They use that data to help with their self-driving car company, Waymo, and probably for other stuff as well.


Question: How does scientists calculate the surface area of planets and/or landmasses on Earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does scientists calculate the surface area of planets and/or landmasses on Earth?

The surface area of a sphere has a known formula. This can be derived using calculus. More accurate surface area calculations can be used by applying that same calculus to a more accurate oblate ellipse of the Earth's cross section, like the [WGS 84]( URL_0 ) model. Planets, are just like Earth, but the data is not as precise. Calculating land vs sea is done with photogrammetry. Pictures are used, but it gets complex (in the case of Earth) because the land under Antarctica isn't externally visible.


Question: How do interest rates affect the economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do interest rates affect the economy?

Interest rates affect the cost of borrowing. Contrary to popular belief, central banks do not control interest rates. They try to regulate the money supply to influence them but ultimately the market sets the rate. Interest rates are a function of many things. How much money is available to lend, how much risk there is, aggregate quality of investments available, etc. When interest rates are high, it is expensive to borrow so companies invest less in new projects. People are incentivized to save money instead of spending it and to borrow less for major purchases. Stocks and other risky investments become less attractive because low risk investments good. When interest rates are low, all of the opposite happens. However, low interest rates tend to cause speculation and mal investment. Also the money supply increases because people make more loans using fractional reserve lending. All of this causes inflation to rise.


Question: Why if I go to bed a 2am do I have an easier time getting up than if I go to bed at 10?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why if I go to bed a 2am do I have an easier time getting up than if I go to bed at 10?

You're probably hitting your sleep cycles correctly at wakeup time. You may find going to bed at 11 instead of 10 may be helpful, as most tend to have a 3 hour sleep cycle


Question: What is a Forex Market and how does the trading takes place in the FX Market?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a Forex Market and how does the trading takes place in the FX Market?

"Forex" stands for "Foreign Exchange". It's a market where currencies are traded against each other. Forex markets are where the exchange rates for currencies are established, in the same way prices of stocks are established in stock markets. They also work pretty much the same way. Basically, you have a large number of traders posting orders that say e.g. "I have 3 million EUR and need USD, and I want at least 1.158 USD per EUR." And you have a [matching engine]( URL_0 ) which every couple of milliseconds finds the exchange rate at which the largest number of currently open orders can be fulfilled, and then does so.


Question: When fireworks are launched, what do we hear? The firework being launched, or the firework exploding in air?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When fireworks are launched, what do we hear? The firework being launched, or the firework exploding in air?

The initial FOOMP/POP is the launch gunpowder exploding and launching the firework itself. The cannon-shot-loud BANG is the firework exploding into its respective flower or flag or star, what have you.


Question: How do non-stick frying pans work at a molecular level?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do non-stick frying pans work at a molecular level?

Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, aka Teflon is a fluorocarbon molecule. Made from carbon atoms and fluoride atoms. It doesn't like to stick to anything, forms no atomic bonds with other atoms, because it's stable as it is, carbon-fluor bonds take a lot of energy to break, so it likes to stay that way. Then how does it stick to the pan? The aluminium that most Teflon coated pans are made from is pitted with tiny tiny holes all over it's surface, and the Teflon gets stuck in there. But it's not a strong adhesion, which is why you needed to treat those pans gently, no scratching, and no cold water intro a hot pan, the Teflon will detach over time. TL;DR Strong independent molecule that don't need no man.


Question: What is standard deviation ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is standard deviation ?

You're probably familiar with the concept of an average or *mean*. In some sense, the mean tells you "where your data is" - is it mostly big or small, is it close to 0 or far away, etc. Standard deviation tells you *how far from the mean your data is* on average. It's a measure of how "spread out" your data is - a high standard deviation means your data is spread out, a low standard deviation means it's piled up close to the mean. It's a tad more complicated than this, but that's the way you want to think about it conceptually. Mathematically, you get the standard deviation by figuring out how far each point is from the mean, squaring those distances, averaging them, and then taking the square root. For example, if you have five people whose heights are {50, 55, 60, 65, 70}, we can easily compute the mean (60). Then the distances from the mean are {10, 5, 0, 5, 10}. Squaring these gets us 100, 25, 0, 25, 100, and averaging those gets us 50. Then the square root of 50 - about 7 - is our standard deviation. Compare that to a different collection of heights, say, {60, 70, 80, 90, 100}. This collection has a larger standard deviation of about 14. We can interpret this as saying that the second collection {60, 70, 80, 90, 100} is in some sense "more spread out" than the original collection {50, 55, 60, 65, 70}.


Question: Why is inflation so important for the economy to go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is inflation so important for the economy to go?

It encourages you to spend/invest as if you hold cash it will decrease in buying power. If zero inflation then decreased incentive to buy/invest.


Question: How come some erasers are terrible and just leave black smudges all over your work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come some erasers are terrible and just leave black smudges all over your work?

When you write you spread graphite to a surface and it sticks to the surface. Erasers are stickier than paper and the graphite sticks to the eraser instead. If an eraser is bad quality it wont be as sticky as needed and you end up spreading the graphite


Question: How do our bodies generate heat and maintain warmth internally?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do our bodies generate heat and maintain warmth internally?

Chemical reactions within the body, such as oxidation / reduction reactions done during cellular metabolism, generate heat as a byproduct. That heat is used to maintain warmth. In the event that the body is cold, the body will increase its metabolism in order to generate more heat to compensate (homeostasis). Interesting point - the part of the brain that regulates body temperature is the hypothalamus.


Question: what makes quartz crystals so useful?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what makes quartz crystals so useful?

One major aspect of quartz is that it is piezoelectric. This is when a material will produce a tiny amount of electricity when deformed by physical force. Such a behavior is very useful in things like sensors for microphones, guitar pickups, and ultrasound sensors for medical imaging. Another major use is that the piezoelectric behavior works in reverse where the crystals will slightly deform when electricity is applied to them. A sort of "tuning fork" can then be constructed that will resonate at a specific frequency and kept resonating by applying a small electric charge. That resonance then can be used to keep time with high accuracy, hence the concept of a "quartz watch". There are other obvious uses for timekeeping in electronic devices.


Question: What’s the cause and effect of an iceberg breaking off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the cause and effect of an iceberg breaking off?

Ice sheets move. As new snow falls in the elevations it compresses into ice and gravity carries it downhill. Slowly, but inexorably. The end of the ice sheets stick out over water. Ice has weight, even though it can float. When it extends to a point where enough of it extends past land the weight can contribute to it, quit literally, snapping off. Warmer temperatures can and do contribute to and potentially aggravate this process, but the basic mechanics are above. As for what happens, the new iceberg drifts, melts, breaks up, drifts more and eventually melts.


Question: Why do you feel tired from thinking very hard although you're just sitting on a chair?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you feel tired from thinking very hard although you're just sitting on a chair?

[The brain is 2% of your body weight, but accounts for 20% of your daily calorie use]( URL_0 ) Your brain runs on glucose and glucose levels can be consumed faster than they can be restored during periods of hard thinking.


Question: Why does dry ice squeak loudly when it is pressed against certain metals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does dry ice squeak loudly when it is pressed against certain metals?

That's the sound of carbon dioxide making metal contract and expand quickly. [Longer explanation - There is a pressure drop associated with the increase in the speed of a fluid. The dry ice vaporizes into carbon dioxide gas when a comparatively warm metal comes in contact with it, creating a change in pressure. Because metals are good conductors, they transfer ambient heat to the surface of the dry ice. This increases the rate of vaporization of the dry ice. As more and more gas is created, it pushes through the points where the metal touches the dry ice, creating a pressure drop that draws the metal and dry ice together again. As the metal is pushed up by the evaporated gas and drawn back down by the pressure drop, it will vibrate quickly enough to hear an audible noise. Reeds in woodwind instruments operate under the same principle. Depending on the conductivity of the type of metal, the frequency will be different.]( URL_0 )


Question: How do new words get popularized? Sometimes I see a synonym to a word an think, how was that word thought of and popularized? How do words and synonyms become popularized?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do new words get popularized? Sometimes I see a synonym to a word an think, how was that word thought of and popularized? How do words and synonyms become popularized?

Somebody starts using it, then people who spend time with that person keep hearing it. Eventually, they start using it too, and so it spreads. Before cars, people lived in smaller populations that were much more isolated. Each of these towns and villages would develop their own dialect, and so lots of variations crept in to languages. Then, when travel became easier, the different synonyms began to mix. Britain is a great example of this. The rivers and hills meant there were loads of small populations that were isolated from each other, even though they were only a few miles apart. It's part of the reason why British accents are so diverse, and how you can work out pretty well where someone is from with just a few questions about language use.


Question: Why is it dangerous to eat raw chicken or raw eggs, but you can eat rare steak, which is very bloody?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it dangerous to eat raw chicken or raw eggs, but you can eat rare steak, which is very bloody?

Chicken and eggs frequently have salmonella contamination. This is because chickens carry the bacteria, and in processing the meat, the bacteria naturally gets spread to the smaller pieces. Beef don't carry salmonella, but it can be picked up in the processing plant. Because beef is often eaten in larger pieces, the contamination from processing stays on the outside, and is killed with even slight cooking. However, ground beef, because of the smaller pieces, is much more easily contaminated, which is why people can [die from eating it. ]( URL_0 ) It is still really important to keep kitchen utensils and your hands clean while preparing beef though.


Question: How do slot machines work, and are they truly random?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do slot machines work, and are they truly random?

Past ones had a physical mechanism that would spin the reels by you pulling the lever. Modern electronic ones work the same as any other computer, with a random number generator (which is technically pseudo-random, but for all intents and purposes is essentially the same as "true random") running in the background that is used to calculate the given results of a pull on the fly when you pull the lever. In the US at least there is requirements that said generator be cycled in the background (to prevent timing it) and that odds on electronic slot machines be "constant" (meaning that a machine can't go "quiet" after a payout, for example). (In the event of simulated versions of physical games like roulette they also require the odds to match the physical game version).


Question: If I eat more food than usual, I still feel hunger at the same time as any other day, why is this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If I eat more food than usual, I still feel hunger at the same time as any other day, why is this?

Hunger is not dictated by the amount of accessible energy. It is a function of the hormonal cascade within your body.


Question: what's the difference between an OLED screen and just a regular LED or LCD?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what's the difference between an OLED screen and just a regular LED or LCD?

Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: What's an OLED display and how is it different than a regular LED one? ]( URL_6 ) ^(_22 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Difference between LED, AMOLED, LCD, and Retina Display? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What do OLED screens do that make them an improvement over LCD screens? ]( URL_3 ) ^(_._) 1. [ELI5: Difference of LCD, OLED, and AMOLED that can be easily understood ]( URL_5 ) ^(_8 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What is the difference between LCD and LED displays? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What is OLED? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do OLED work? ]( URL_2 ) ^(_2 comments_)


Question: why is reading "good for your brain"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is reading "good for your brain"?

Reading, ideally, requires one to exercise the language processing center of the brain. It can teach a person a great deal, expose them to new ideas, force them to grapple with difficult concepts, and form reactions to the things they read. Put simply, reading is a form of mental exercise.


Question: How did Amedeo Avogadro come up with his Avogadro's number in the 1800s?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Amedeo Avogadro come up with his Avogadro's number in the 1800s?

The short answer is, he didn't. Avogadro was the man who came up with the idea that there *was* such a number -- or, more specifically, the idea that the volume of a gas is related to the number of atoms or molecules of the gas, rather than to the type of gas it is. (For example, a cubic metre of hydrogen should have the same number of molecules as a cubic metre of nitrogen, which should have the same number of molecules as a cubic metre of methane.) This was a *big fudgin' deal*. It was French physicist Jean Baptiste Perrin who suggested naming it after Avogadro, after setting a value on the constant in the early 1900s, about a century after Avogadro was doing his work. (Perrin didn't exactly go without recognition for his efforts; he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926.) There had been other methods of trying to discover such a number (including one which included measuring the charge on electrons), but Perrin's used the idea of Brownian motion. The exact way that Perrin discovered this is complicated to say the least -- you don't win a Nobel for tying your shoelaces, after all -- but it involved a discovery that Einstein had made several years before relating to the way forces acted upon a single particle in a solution. (Particles of all types are in constant motion in a liquid or gas, and collisions between these particles determines how other particles will move. This movement is basically random, but over many, many events you can determine a series of averages. Like I say, it's complicated, and figuring this out was next to impossible until Einstein hit on what is now known as [the Stokes-Einstein equation]( URL_0 ).) This was all theoretical until Perrin tested it by examining the movement of visible particles in a solution through a microscope -- as many of two hundred of them -- to see if they fit the pattern that Einstein had predicted. They did, which was convenient, and as a result of proving that the equation worked, Perrin was able to deduce a value for Avogadro's constant. (For people who want something a little meatier, in 2015 scientists at Harvard [recreated Perrin's experiment using modern cameras]( URL_1 ).) It's worth pointing out that this estimation wasn't a right-first-time sort of deal; experimental values rarely are. Perrin's original estimate was 7.151023·10^23, which is pretty damn close to the modern value but not exactly. As of 2019, the definition of the mole -- that is, a mass of something that contains exactly Avogadro's constant's number of molecules -- is possibly changing. It used to be that it was the number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12, which always included some degree of measuring error. After being accepted by IUPAC, Avogadro's constant will be set firmly at [6.02214076·10^23]( URL_2 ) from May 20th, 2019 -- no measuring error needed. It will be defined as *exactly* that number.


Question: how do microphones not include system sounds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do microphones not include system sounds?

The simplest systems just turn off the speaker when the microphone is in use and turn off the microphone when the speaker is on. More modern systems use signal processing algorithms to filter the sound from the speaker out of the microphone signal.


Question: What happens to your body and brain when you "relax"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to your body and brain when you "relax"?

Psychologist here. Ok, so in your body there are two systems that work against one another: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system amps you up. It increases your heart rate, shuts down your digestion and decreases blood-flow to non-important areas of your brain. In extreme cases, this can lead to shock, by the way. The parasympathetic nervous system does the opposite. It kicks in if there is no stressor around and relaxes you. The idea here is that your body can't run at full throttle all the time, otherwise you'd have a lot of wear and tear. Now, how does this system kick in? There's a cool model, called the "transactional stress model". It basically says that the stress response is determined by two factors: how dangerous you perceive a situation, and how many resources you perceive to have to deal with it. If a situation is not dangerous and you have a lot of resources, it wont be as stressful. The parasympathetic nervous system will kick in and your "stress level" decreases. (I'm simplyfiying A LOT here). To help yourself relax you can... A: Deal with stressors (finish tasks that stress you out) B: Change your perception of the stressors (Is it really that dangerous? Is it really important?) C: Change your perception of your available resources (for example: realize what people could help you, realize just how much time you have to deal with the issues at hand, etc.) One thing proven to help with stress management is mindfulness meditation (for extreme cases see the mindfulness based stress reduction program). Mindfulness meditation can actually alter your brain structure to strengthen the parts that are important for emotion-control. & #x200B; So to sum it up: your mind evaluates a situation and your body reacts to it. What you feel as stress (heart pumping, headaches, restlessness) is the reaction. By changing your perception, you change the reaction. Hope that helps. Edit: wow, this really blew up! Thanks for all the feedback and the awards. I should clarify a few things though. First: I'm not a therapist. I specialized in work-psychology. Second: I don't do remote diagnosis. If you have specific issues, talk to a professional in person. Edit 2: I have a youtube channel URL_0 where I'll have a video on stress management in Darkest Dungeon, soon. So if that sounds interesting, subscribe 😉


Question: - why are hydrogen cars not more prominent?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - why are hydrogen cars not more prominent?

They're not particularly efficient or long-ranged, and they're a lot more prone to explosion than any other kind of car. So, there's not much interest in them. Electrics have them beat for efficiency and gas has them beat for convenience. Without interest, little to no infrastructure develops to support them, and so any small amount of interest that does form is squandered.


Question: Is there a reason why train horns have to be ridiculously loud?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there a reason why train horns have to be ridiculously loud?

Trains are difficult to stop. The horns are really loud to bring awareness to their presence. It's easier for a car or a pedestrian to move out of the way than it would be for the train to make an emergency stop.


Question: Why do eyeballs roll back when someone is passing out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do eyeballs roll back when someone is passing out?

It’s loss of muscle tone. If you slow down footage of someone blinking, their eyes roll back a tiny bit before the lid closes, and you can see the same thing in heroin use, in extreme pleasure and in sleep. The direction you eyes look is controlled by six muscles and if all of them relax (for whatever reason) the eye rolls back. The last time I read about this would have been twenty years ago so happy to be corrected.


Question: when do people start realizing it’s their first day in life ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when do people start realizing it’s their first day in life ?

They don't realize it is their first day of life. Babies are aware of very little and do not understand the world or themselves. They just react to stimuli which is mostly crying when hungry, sleepy, or dirty. And they turn their head when something presses against their cheek, suck on whatever is put in their mouth, and grab whatever is put in their hand. Babies have to learn that their hand is part of them. And they have to learn that their mom is not part of them. Eventually infants are told that there was a time before they were alive, but it is not something they are inherently aware of.


Question: - Why does Inflation Occur? Is it Inevitable with our current economic system(USA)? Can't we just legislate it away(Assuming a semi controlled mixed market)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why does Inflation Occur? Is it Inevitable with our current economic system(USA)? Can't we just legislate it away(Assuming a semi controlled mixed market)?

Inflation happens because, while more money is being used, no more stuff is being made. In more economic terms, inflation is what happens when the money supply grows faster than the actual economy. If there's $5,000 and 5 cars, each car sells for $1,000. If there's $50,000 and 5 cars, each car sells for $10,000. In the latter scenario, the dollar itself is worth less because there is more of it. Overriding this with fixed prices causes products to be sold faster than they can be made. If store shelves are empty, money is worthless anyway. Inflation is intentionally caused by most governments. They do this by growing the money supply at a careful rate to maintain a small but steady inflation rate. This encourages people to spend or invest money instead of sitting on it; something which grows the economy.


Question: How do cloud virtual machines (AWS, Azure) display your desktop?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do cloud virtual machines (AWS, Azure) display your desktop?

At the core all you need to display an image is to do some math and generate an image in memory. After that some additional hardware is needed to translate that stored info in memory into HDMI or VGA, or whatever protocol your monitor uses. With a virtual machine you don't even need to have that extra bit of hardware, instead using a virtual monitor. (Basically just some space in memory to hold an image) What a graphics card does, however is add a lot of special processing hardware (your GPU) and dedicated RAM for graphics only to make the math needed to run gaming graphics go a whole lot faster. Virtual graphics instead uses the CPU and system RAM to do the same thing. Processing power and RAM is just shared with the rest of whatever is running on your PC. For just showing a desktop this is usually enough. Edit: Changed integrated to virtual cause that's the right term.


Question: How do gift card companies make money from discounted cards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do gift card companies make money from discounted cards?

If I buy a $100 gift card for $85, the company is getting $85 right now with the expectation that they'll have to give me $100 worth of whatever they sell at some undefined point down the road. However, not all gift cards get used. Have you ever received a gift card to somewhere you have no intention of going? Or found a gift card you received years ago on a shelf? The company got that money but never had to give anything to anyone in exchange for it. Over time a company can track how much money in gift cards never gets spent by looking at how many gift cards they sell vs how much stuff is bought with gift cards. Say they determine that 17% of gift cards sold are never used. Well, if they sell their gift cards at a 15% discount, they're still making a 2% profit. So the answer is that they know not all gift cards are going to be used, and they've calculated that by selling them at a 15% discount they'll still turn a profit.


Question: Why do dumplings sink when frozen but float when cooked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do dumplings sink when frozen but float when cooked?

The dumplings contain a chemical leavening such as double-acting baking powder or baking soda. These chemicals release carbon dioxide gas when heated, so the dumplings puff up a bit. This lowers their density and they float.


Question: What is a quick method for counting the tubes in this picture?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a quick method for counting the tubes in this picture?

Normally the area of a rectangle is base\*height/2. In this case 8 and 8 aren't the base and height - they're not perpendicular to each other. The first row has 8 tubes, the second has 7 tubes, and so on. So the triangle has 8+7+6+...+1 tubes. This is a simple [arithmetic series]( URL_0 ) with a simple formula: (first item + last item) \* (number of items) / 2 = (8+1)\*8/2.


Question: When a signpost indicates X miles to somewhere (a town/city), is there a particular part of 'there' to where the distances is measured to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a signpost indicates X miles to somewhere (a town/city), is there a particular part of 'there' to where the distances is measured to?

A lot of cities have a defined referance point as to where the center is and all distances are calculated from. Usually the town hall or the town square. The official centers of big cities is usually quite famous. For example the official center of London is a point in Trafalgar Square, even though this point is in the city of Westminster and located about 2 miles west of City of London. If there is no such defined center it is common to use the population center or just use an arbitrary spot. Most of these distance markers do not need to be accurate enough that the actual location of the center within the city center is important. This also shows as a lot of them is rounded to a more estetical number and usually placed where it fits the best rather then at the exact marker point.


Question: Why do some injuries leave permanent scars while others heal without a mark?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some injuries leave permanent scars while others heal without a mark?

It depends on the injury and genetics. Your skin is made up of different layers, the top layers get replaced regularly to heal damage and prevent skin cancer. The lower skin layers do the replacing of skin cells and house nerves and hair roots. If an injury only damages the top skin layers, the lower skin layers can replace the lost cells. If the lower skin layers are damaged, they can't replace themselves and expose your insides to potential harm, so they get patched up with scar tissue. But the body does work on replacing or at least softening up scar tissue you whole life. Scars do fade. Tl;dr shallow injuries only damage skin cells that are meant to be replaced anyways. Deeper cuts actually hurt the permanent skin cells and leave scars.


Question: Why do software programs usually ask to restart your computer after installation, and does it really make a difference?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do software programs usually ask to restart your computer after installation, and does it really make a difference?

These programs create entries in your Windows Registry. Its a database to store eg. settings and other useful information to the right place. Restart is needed so the Programm can accsess all the information in the right order at once! Most of the time its not a big deal except if the program uses some hardware or messes with windows in a way (eg. creating a virtual drive).


Question: How does the black market for organs work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the black market for organs work?

We talk about how things in the west are corrupt. But they aren't, not in any real way. To do something like this you need first a doctor who has zero ethics. Then you need a hospital that has zero ethics. And you need a population base around the hospital that doesn't mind that their doctors and hospitals have zero ethics. Then you need a fairly large supply of unwilling donors who can hold onto the organs until someone who matches one of them with money comes along. This generally means prison populations which means you need jailers, administrators, and a government with zero ethics. And then its just a matter of paying a price and having another human being killed so you can have their liver or lung or whatever. So... You basically need an entire country where the government, locals, hospitals, and doctors are all ok with doing basically anything in return for money. You can likely name a few countries like that and ironically they are all countries that are supposed to be much less greedy than the evil capitalist Americans.


Question: why do popcorn companies put the nutrition information for both popped and unpopped bags?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do popcorn companies put the nutrition information for both popped and unpopped bags?

Two factors here, size and absorption. In the US, the FDA ensures that you are accounting for all the food in your package. This matters because when you pop in the bag, you are changing the product in manner that is going to make the *useful* food you get out of it different than what they have to account for. Say what???? So in an unpopped bag, they have X amount of popcorn, and Y amount of fat. Then unpopped info is going to add up all the stuff and tell you what's in it. But when you pop it, you're changing the structure of the popcorn and removing it from the bag. When you do that, you're going to leave a lot of stuff behind. The oil/fat the popcorn pops in gets absorbed into the bag, in a measurable way. They then provide you with the average nutrition information of the popped popcorn *after accounting for the stuff that gets left behind*.


Question: Why do parts of the body, let’s say the legs, arms or head randomly start hurting? I was laying in bed ready to go to sleep when my leg started to hurt. Why is that ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do parts of the body, let’s say the legs, arms or head randomly start hurting? I was laying in bed ready to go to sleep when my leg started to hurt. Why is that ?

Depends how old you are. Could be growing pains, could be soreness from using those muscles. Lots to factor in really.


Question: Why do traffic lights have a different hole for each coloured light rather than just putting them all in one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do traffic lights have a different hole for each coloured light rather than just putting them all in one?

I was always told it was for people who are red-green colorblind who otherwise couldn’t tell what color it is.


Question: How much water would there need to be on Earth before the crust starts to liquify?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much water would there need to be on Earth before the crust starts to liquify?

That's not how rock works. If you add water to the Earth, land floods. Under the water, the granite mountains are still granite, just under water. It's not going to liquefy unless the rock gets hot enough to melt.


Question: How do grep's algorithms work, and what optimizations were made to it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do grep's algorithms work, and what optimizations were made to it?

Take a look at the very thorough post from RipGrep’s author. URL_0


Question: What’s the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

Computers, like houses, need addresses. The internet is a city, and this city is being built. With IPv4, the city planners we only allowed to use numbered addresses up to 2^32 unique combinations. With IPv6, the city planners are now allowed to use both letters and numbers, up to 3.4 x 10^38 unique combinations.


Question: What is the difference between cement and concrete?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between cement and concrete?

Cement is an ingredient in concrete. Cement is a blend of various minerals, such as calcium and silica. When you take cement, add water, and combine it with rocks and sand, you get concrete.


Question: Why does table salt contain dextrose? Isn’t that a different form of sugar?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does table salt contain dextrose? Isn’t that a different form of sugar?

Dextrose is added to iodized salt primarily because it's a cheap and effective stabilizer for potassium iodide. Over time, the potassium iodide added to iodized salt tends to break apart into potassium and iodine, which reduces its effectiveness in the body. A stabilizer like Dextrose minimizes the effect. The actual amount of sugar as dextrose in iodized salt is low enough as to not have dietary significance.


Question: What is an event horizon?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an event horizon?

The event horizon is the edge of a black whole. To be specific, it is at the radius from the black hole where the escape velocity (the speed needed to get away from it) is exactly the speed of light. This means that passing the event horizon, the escape velocity is higher than the speed of light, thus nothing can come back from crossing it (not considering Hawking radiation which is a whole other story)


Question: How is it that when some foods become stale, crunchy foods become chewy yet softer foods become harder?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it that when some foods become stale, crunchy foods become chewy yet softer foods become harder?

The moisture content matches up with the air. Crunchy foods have very little water in them while soft foods have more. When you leave them out in the open, crunchy foods soak water from the air while softer foods lose water.


Question: How can paying a poverty stricken town more than $1 per hour ruin their economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can paying a poverty stricken town more than $1 per hour ruin their economy?

Money is basically a way we signal how valuable something is/how much effort. If you start paying certain people in a town, they suddenly have massive buying power. They can literally buy everything. Money is basically signalling "these people deserve everything". Think of it this way- if they make $1/day, if you show up in town with $100, you can basically buy out most of the town. Which doesn't do the town much good if you just bought all their food/supplies. It also creates a huge incentive to steal/murder the richer person (either you, or the town person you're paying). If they're barely surviving/eating, and you walk in with more than a years' worth of food, essentially, that's awfully damn tempting, even in the best of times. This is especially bad in a poor town that is pretty isolated. In modern economies, it's not all that different than billionaires- except they're spread over much more of a population, so they don't mess with say, the food supply (although many would argue, they still distort the economy; look at how many resources they end up controlling). Imagine having a billionaire living in a small town, and only spends his money in the town. it's going to mess with things. edit: And while they can change their prices, it often doesn't happen over night- and even if they do, if the richer town people can afford it, it's going to be more of a struggle for the townspeople you didn't pay.


Question: How can there be no algorithm for certain things (like determining whether a context-free grammar is ambiguous) yet us humans can do it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can there be no algorithm for certain things (like determining whether a context-free grammar is ambiguous) yet us humans can do it?

Your question is premised on a misunderstanding. Humans can not perform the task that no algorithm can do. In your example of determining if a context-free grammar is ambiguous you have two separate problems: 1. Determine if one specific context-free grammar is ambiguous 2. Come up with an algorithm that can determine if *any* context-free grammar is ambiguous The second problem is the one that is undecidable (i.e. no algorithm can be created). A human cannot perform this task, either. The first problem is what humans and algorithms can do.


Question: What exactly is the modern english haiku? Is it just any short evocative sentence?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is the modern english haiku? Is it just any short evocative sentence?

It's poetry, the most pretentious form of written word. The rules for a style can be extremely nebulous or hard to define, or even self-contradictory, and still be viewed as that style. The thing about Western Haiku is that it's missing a lot of the original values of the medium. It has none of the social context - a period of great artistic expansion and exploration as the result of a large upper class with nothing to do. It has none of the cultural purpose - poetry like this was almost a game of wit. And most importantly, it doesn't benefit from the Japanese language, which the style was originally created in. Japanese is quite a concise language when it wants to be. It can convey a lot of information in a small number of syllables. English is poor at this, so the 5-7-5 pattern heavily restricts the quality of English poetry. It also leads to a hell of a lot of Haiku getting translated in a way that loses the pattern, so eventually a lot of poets got fed up of the restrictions and just did the same content but ignoring the restrictions (the part that made it a game of wit in the first place) but still chose to call it haiku.


Question: How/why are we able to physically feel emotions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How/why are we able to physically feel emotions?

It has been proven that the brain perceives emotional pain in a similar way to physical pain. Missing someone causes stress and worry to which brain answers with the physical response of muscle tightness, increased heart rate and shortness of breath. A heartbreak results into insane amounts of stress which activate the fight-or-flight response where the heart starts pumping more blood, muscles clench and you start breathing faster because you feel in danger and as though you have been hurt. The brain is also taken aback by the emotional shock and is trying to take control of the situation, but it is stuck in a period of analysing and processing the shocking situation. Butterflies in the stomach are caused by a reduction of blood flow to the organ as a result to anxiety or excitement. The adrenaline is released to increase the blood flow and rush more blood to the muscles to get you prepared for flight or fight. We feel these intense feelings in response to our emotions in order to adapt to situations and prevent making the same mistake. You feel the heartbreak because the partner your brain and body has accepted as a potential mate has rejected you after you formed an emotional attachment.


Question: Why far away lights look like they're flickering?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why far away lights look like they're flickering?

You know how light changes direction, or "bends" when you look through a lens or glass of water? This is something called refraction. When light travels from one medium to another, it changes direction. Air, glass, and water are common media that light travels through, and we can observe how it changes direction when it passes from one medium to another. A simple experiment is to dip a pencil into a glass of water and observe how the pencil appears to bend, depending on the angle you look at it. So I said air is one medium that light passes through. The thing about air, though, is the air over here isn't necessarily the same as the air over there. Temperature, humidity, even pollution all change how light will pass through it. Every time the light passes from one pocket of air to another, it changes direction, just like if it passed into water or glass. On top of that, these different pockets if air don't stay still, they move around, which means the light is constantly bending in different directions. A source of light from far away flickers because the air between you and it is not uniform and causes the light to wiggle around on its way to your eye. This is the same reason for those heat waves you see coming off the ground on a hot day.


Question: - How big does a man made body of water need to be to significantly impact local weather patterns?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - How big does a man made body of water need to be to significantly impact local weather patterns?

Depends how big of weather you’re thinking. For radiation cooling on a clear night just a small pond can form fog since water stays warm longer, the temp difference can cause water vapor to condense. On a larger scale like thunderstorms you need enough water to saturate the air which takes a massive amount of evaporation. In warm air, it’d have to be something at least as big as lake mead in nevada


Question: Why is the house market so inflationary?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the house market so inflationary?

Population has grown, landmass hasn't. People want to live near work as to limit their commute. Most work is in and near the big cities. This further limits available landmass. Commuting hasn't become faster since the 70s so attractive space around cities hasn't grown. This leads to high demand in a select few areas, obviously this drives up the price in those areas. Most if not all countries have also become more urbanized so this further drives up demand in urban areas (obviously.) There are still plenty of cheap places left, if you become an electrician and move to a rustbelt or flyover state I'm 101% sure you'll be able to afford a house. An 800 sqft house in detroit only has to cost 11 thousand, even if renovating costs 40 thousand that's still very cheap. Although I understand why you'd prefer not to live in Detroit. (it's just an example) Attractive areas have become more expensive due to demand, there's still plenty cheap left. But obviously they're less expensive for a reason. You can have a cheap house or live in a hip and attractive place like the bay area. You can't have both*. *Unless you're a lucky one who bought a cheap house in an area that later grew to become hip and prosperous. Edit: My post is a bit Americentric and I see you're not an American. It's the same in the super tiny country where I live. Everything near Amsterdam has high housing prices while the Eastern part of the country is much cheaper. But even near Amsterdam the housing prices can differ massively, popular parts like Centrum are extremely expensive while (less attractive) De Bijlmer is very cheap.(partly because of enormous crime issues in the past and partly because of xenophobia)


Question: Why is black ink in markers and ballpoint pens made up of colored ink?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is black ink in markers and ballpoint pens made up of colored ink?

If you were to mix all three of the primary colours together, you get black. Depending on the amount of each of the three colours you can get a black that may have a slightly 'off' kind of hue, which may to lean towards being a dark green or red/brown.


Question: How do "long exposure" pictures work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do "long exposure" pictures work?

A camera-- to simplify-- takes in light to create an image (much like our eyes). A long exposure just keeps that eye (the shutter) open longer, so that more light gets processed into the final picture.


Question: What is vision like for animals with eyes that face directly away from each other (i.e. fish, some birds)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is vision like for animals with eyes that face directly away from each other (i.e. fish, some birds)?

They have a much bigger field of vision than we do, and the brain seamlessly glues the whole thing together into one big picture. It's like they can see almost all the way around their body. Great for animals that get hunted. You can see this with your own eyes, because they don't completely overlap. With two eyes open, notice the farthest thing to the left you can see. Now cover your left eye, and notice how that chunk of your vision just disappears. Your brain seamlessly integrates together the parts that just one eye can see. Of course it takes two eyes overlapping to get binocular vision, so animals with eyes like you described won't be able to see how far away things are the way we can. Now of course, there's really no way to know exactly what an animal is experiencing. So what I'm describing is a best guess.


Question: Why can't our immune system fight against many diseases without external medication?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't our immune system fight against many diseases without external medication?

You would be surprised how much your immune system can fight off. Many people just choose to seek medical treatment so they don’t have to suffer longer. You can fight off most minor infections, but who wants a month of an ear infection when we can cut that down to 5 days? You can be more proactive and miss less work when you get medical intervention. Not to mention feeling like garbage less. Edit: you fight off viruses naturally because you can’t cure a viral infection, the flu, rotavirus (stomach flu), common cold. Those take a beating on you, but you probably survived!


Question: Why are we told to turn off cars engines while fueling them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are we told to turn off cars engines while fueling them?

It's possible a spark from the engine could ignite gas vapors and cause an explosion. It's also possible the driver was dumb and forgot to put the vehicle in park or set the parking brake and it could roll away and crash into something.