Question: how could chewing a gum cure the aero sinus you have while your flight is taking or landing off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how could chewing a gum cure the aero sinus you have while your flight is taking or landing off?

It's not the gum itself, but the motion of chewing and of swallowing, both of which can momentarily open the Eustachian tubes behind your ears, equalizing the air pressure.


Question: How do things like phones and car keys deactivate hotel room keys?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do things like phones and car keys deactivate hotel room keys?

Iron atoms can polarize meaning the electrons lean to one side making it more negative with the nucleus making the other side more positive. So each atom is inherently magnetic in some level, but all the atoms are oriented different directions cancelling out their magnetic fielda. But they still exist so iron objects can diarupt other magnetic fields, especially the weak ones on a hotel key card.


Question: Why do both fission and fusion produce energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do both fission and fusion produce energy?

It depends on what is fused and what is fissioned; for example if you fissioned helium into hydrogen, you would lose energy. I believe Iron is the tipping point, and is the most stable element. So if you fuse two elements into something below Iron, energy is released, and if you fission an element into products above iron, energy is also released.


Question: How does removing mail sorting machines make the USPS more efficient/save money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does removing mail sorting machines make the USPS more efficient/save money?

It doesn't, the only reason it might be useful is if they were replacing them or moving the machines to another location where there weren't any. Since that is not the case it is just an attempt to cripple the postal service.


Question: What happens when we feel 'the chills', and what kinds of things trigger them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens when we feel 'the chills', and what kinds of things trigger them?

Frisson (as its technically called) can be triggered by any number of things, from a good song to a moving speech to a scary story. It’s generally a reaction to a psychological stimulus of some sort. I know it sounds vague, but it’s a vague thing. Really doesn’t have *one* cause.


Question: Why is it so difficult to shower when a person is depressed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so difficult to shower when a person is depressed?

One symptom of depression is lack of motivation. This, combined with a lack if self-interest and a lack of caring about the world in general and how one presents within it (common with depression) can lead to reduced hygenie practises. Real ELIF: it's easier to do anything when you're happy


Question: What exactly happens when you go to a huge website like Google? Are you communicating with only one computer or many?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly happens when you go to a huge website like Google? Are you communicating with only one computer or many?

When you visit the google web page, A computer program run by one of the google computers will send you a web page (the search page), whilst this page looks clean and ready for your search request, it's a very special page, every keypress will make your computer talk to lots of their programs, these programs run on lots of different computers.


Question: the "mother of all bombs" / largest non nuclear bomb. What makes it so powerful? Why is it significant? Why use it now?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 the "mother of all bombs" / largest non nuclear bomb. What makes it so powerful? Why is it significant? Why use it now?

The [MOAB]( URL_4 ) is an air-burst weapon intended for soft to medium targets over an extended area. And while it technically is not a penetrator weapon (commonly called 'bunker busters'), it is optimized for targets in environments like caves, canyons or extensive mine fields. It is not a weapon for deep or heavily reinforced caves, but the blast size will collapse smaller vunerable caves. It's not the largest non-nuke bomb in existance, but it is the largest non-nuke to have been used in combat. Why now? If we are to believe Gen. Nicholson in [this article]( URL_1 ), ISIS have increased their use of IEDs, bunkers, and tunnels as their losses have been mounting. The MOAB creates a large blast area over the surface of the battlefield and pressure from the explosion likely detonated many improvised explosive devices. Edit: [This article]( URL_2 ) states previous combat situations have been unsuitable for the MOAB because most fighting occured in densely populated areas, whereas this time the ISIS network were spread over a largely desolate area. And [this article]( URL_0 ) has a detailed description of the MOAB design and capabilities. On further searching I have also found [this early article]( URL_3 ) about MOAB tests which explains effects at different distances from ground zero.


Question: Is the knowledge of how to physically have sex genetically passed or is it something animals like chimps learn from watching others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is the knowledge of how to physically have sex genetically passed or is it something animals like chimps learn from watching others?

I don't know for sure but: At some point someones getting a boner and at another point he will figure out where to put it. This isnt necessarily knowledge but insticts paired with curiosity. Someone pointed the human trial and error modus operandi out perfectly: 1. can you eat it? 2. can you smoke it? 3. can you have sex with it?


Question: If a Snack Pack pudding is dairy, how does it have a shelf life of 12+ month?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a Snack Pack pudding is dairy, how does it have a shelf life of 12+ month?

Back in the 1800s a guy named Louis Pasteur figured out that food spoiled due to the actions of microscopic living creatures called bacteria. These living creatures didn't spontaneously appear out of nowhere but reproduced from other living bacteria in the environment. He had the idea that if a container could be sealed and all the living creatures within killed, such as with the careful application of heat, then the food within wouldn't spoil. This process is called "pasteurization" and is in use today on dairy products of all kinds.


Question: Why is diesel no longer "green"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is diesel no longer "green"?

Our definition of "green" changed. It used to be purely about fuel consumption...how many gallons do you burn. And Diesel engines are inherently more efficient that gasoline (technically Otto cycle) engines. So they burned less gas, and that was greener. But because of diesel engines' different combustion behavior, you also get differences in the exhaust. Diesel tends to have more particulates, more NOx (contributes to smog), and more unburned hydrocarbons. You can manage that to some extent with better engine designs and emission controls but those are also pollutants and we take a lot more notice of them now than we used to.


Question: How is it that hurricane sustained wind speeds are so high yet their travel speeds are low?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it that hurricane sustained wind speeds are so high yet their travel speeds are low?

Because it's spinning like a top. The winds are going around and around real fast, but the center is wandering across the ocean at a slow pace.


Question: why does the CIA have an above ground parking lot when daily satellite imagery can decode activity patterns (who goes overseas etc)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does the CIA have an above ground parking lot when daily satellite imagery can decode activity patterns (who goes overseas etc)?

What would an underground parking lot accomplish? You've got to get into it somewhere. Meanwhile with a fairly minimal amount of effort you can throw off anyone who's watching your car with a satellite - just get in a different car.


Question: . Why are fossil fuels bad for the environment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 . Why are fossil fuels bad for the environment?

1) We have to tear up the environment in order to get them. That's damaging on its own, but then if there's an incident at a plant that extracts these oils or with a ship that is transporting these oils, then it causes an even more harm to wildlife, water supplies and soil quality. 2) You have to produce a lot of pollution to process them. 3) You have to produce a lot of pollution to use them up (if burning them like in the case of gasoline for your car). 4) The fossil fuels that get made into plastics wind up as trash in either landfills where they don't degrade or in the oceans and seas. Here, they can straight up kill wildlife, or get consumed by wildlife and in turn consumed by us people when we eat that wildlife. Or it makes its way back into our own drinking water.


Question: When a company goes bankrupt, how does that impact the owner?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a company goes bankrupt, how does that impact the owner?

It depends. most of the time the owner is separate from the company so their personal belongings aren't subject to the bankruptcy. In some cases an owner of a business won't do this. Example. You make cupcakes. You buy a little store, hire 2 people to help and sell cupcakes out of that store. You probably had to take out a loan to get that store, maybe cupcakes aren't selling great and you can't keep up on your employee's paychecks. Eventually the business just isn't making enough money and you can't afford the electric bill (can't keep the lights on) and close the business. What about all that money you owe? Maybe a few months on utilities. Maybe rent/mortgage payments for the property, maybe the last paycheck for employees? Well you are on the hook for all of that, and can't afford it so you declare bankruptcy. *you* couldn't afford it so you just tell everyone "I don't have the money to pay you" and all (well, most) of your debt is forgiven. You have to pay what you can but certain things you own are protected (your home almost always, often a car ect ect). Now if you make cupcakes and decide to open a cupcake store you could make Cupcakes LLC or Cupcakes INC. Then the company you created would buy/rent the store, would pay your employees and bills. And if the company ran out of money and declared bankruptcy, your bank account is safe because you didn't declare bankruptcy, the company did. In the first example you own the ingredients, you own the store, you own the equipment. In the second example you own Cupcakes LLC, but Cupcakes LLC is what owns the ingredients/store/equipment.


Question: Why would anyone pay for a good or service with crypto? Isn't the possibility that it would go up or down in value a huge deterrent for both parties?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would anyone pay for a good or service with crypto? Isn't the possibility that it would go up or down in value a huge deterrent for both parties?

Yes and yes. This is why the volatility of cryptocurrencies acts against their use as a *currency*. Part of the idea of cryptocurrencies is that they're free from government control and thus more stable - particularly, protected against inflation (their value falling). However currently they're behaving more like investments - where the value might go up or down, but a smart investor can tell when to buy or sell - or simply like gambling - where the change is completely unpredictable. (Or possibly even *scams*, where certain people can control or predict the changes.) That means you only want to *have* crypto if you're ok with the risk. Some people will use crypto in transactions because they like it as an investment. Some are true believers in its other benefits. If you just want to use it for a transaction, then you should buy it then use it or receive it then sell it as quickly as possible. Some business might accept it, because they know a proportion of people will like using it to pay, and then sell it asap. In some cases there are technical benefits to using crypto over other payment methods. In many others - perhaps most - the purpose is to conceal the transaction because you're doing something illegal.


Question: How does the air stay so hot in the nighttime when the sun isn’t even out? And how is it that the sun makes the temperature only like 5-10 degrees warmer during the daytime in the summer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the air stay so hot in the nighttime when the sun isn’t even out? And how is it that the sun makes the temperature only like 5-10 degrees warmer during the daytime in the summer?

The same reason the inside of an oven doesn't return to room temperature the instant you turn it off. Both the atmosphere and the ground absorb heat during the daytime. It takes time for this heat to dissipate after the sun sets. Furthermore, and this answers some of the second part of your question as well, air doesn't stay in one place. There are both local and global weather phenomenon that move air around, so warm air can be coming from elsewhere on the planet. As for your claim that it's only 5-10 degrees (I assume you mean Fahrenheit) cooler at night, that's your personal observation in your specific location for a short period of time, not fact. There are tons of historical weather records from all over the world at different times of year and different points in history that show the actual daily, weekly, monthly, and seasonal highs and lows, and I think you'll find there's a ton of variation.


Question: Why do people wake up just mere minutes or even seconds before their alarm goes off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people wake up just mere minutes or even seconds before their alarm goes off?

If you follow a proper sleep schedule and go to sleep/wake up at the same time every day your body gets used to it. Circadian rythm causes your brain to release certain hormones that gradually wake you up over the course of about an hour. An alarm clock jarrs you awake and your body doesn't like it, so over time your brain adjusts to start waking you up before that happens. Edit: Since a lot of people have been asking why they wake up after changing their alarm here's something from an article I read. > There’s evidence you can will yourself to wake on time, too. Sleep scientists at Germany’s University of Lubeck asked 15 volunteers to sleep in their lab for three nights. One night, the group was told they’d be woken at 6 a.m., while on other nights the group was told they’d be woken at 9 a.m. But the researchers lied—they woke the volunteers at 6 a.m anyway. And the results were startling. The days when sleepers were told they’d wake up early, their stress hormones increased at 4:30 a.m., as if they were anticipating an early morning. When the sleepers were told they’d wake up at 9 a.m., their stress hormones didn’t increase—and they woke up groggier. “Our bodies, in other words, note the time we hope to begin our day and gradually prepare us for consciousness,” writes Jeff Howe at Psychology Today. [Source article.]( URL_0 )


Question: Can airplanes speed the same way cars can in traffic? Why or why not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can airplanes speed the same way cars can in traffic? Why or why not?

theres an optimal speed for airplanes where speed/fuel consumption balance is in the best ratio that is the speed the plane tries to reach speeding would mean the fuel wouldnt last to the destination Not sure if im right but that is what my physics knowledge gave me ^^


Question: Why is there a lot of talk about Apple moving to ARM chips and therefore software having to be re-written/updated. Why do apps care if it’s an Intel chip or ARM?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a lot of talk about Apple moving to ARM chips and therefore software having to be re-written/updated. Why do apps care if it’s an Intel chip or ARM?

the instruction sets of x86 and ARM are different. imagine if you had a cookbook in English but your user speaks Japanese.


Question: Why most abandoned car have a flat tire?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why most abandoned car have a flat tire?

Pressure reduces over time, so car owners are expected to top up the pressure in their tires as general maintenance. Also, vandalism.


Question: How is acid capable of corroding materials? What enables it to have this property?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is acid capable of corroding materials? What enables it to have this property?

Corrosive reactions are reactions - two or more molecules encountering each other, thinking "y'know what, let's become something else" and then becoming something else. This happens because the end results of the reaction are a more preferable state to be in, thermodynamically. Let's take an example: Hydrochloric acid and sodium metal. In its normal state, sodium is just a bunch of sodium atoms all in one place. Hydrochloric acid is made by dissolving the covalent HCl molecule in water, creating a solution with a lot of charged hydrogen and charged Chlorine atoms (a charged molecule is loves to react with things, is probably the most you need to know about that). Normally, hydrogen and chlorine don't really like each other when they're in water together, so they disassociate, instead of remaining as HCl. They also don't like being alone, though, and can only hang out in their gaseous forms when they're stuck to another atom of the same element. However, because of how they share electrons, they can't do this. That's a really complicated thing though that I suspect you don't need to know about. Then, you drop some Sodium into the mix. Charged chlorine loves to stick to sodium, so every chlorine atom in the acid plucks one sodium atom off the sodium piece, forming sodium chloride. This moves some electrons around, and allows the hydrogen to float off as hydrogen gas (hence why this reaction fizzes). Sodium chloride meanwhile is an ionic compound (common table salt, in fact), which dissolves in water and which forms crystals, not metals. So, gradually, the size of the sodium piece gets smaller, because sodium is being ripped off to become sodium chloride, and the acid also becomes less acidic because the molecules that make it acidic are being turned into salts and gasses. The acidic property of acids comes from the fact that hydrogen atoms dissociate from their compounds while dissolved in water. Not all hydrogen-containing compounds do this, but the ones that do are called acids. The amount to which they dissociate (not all molecules will dissociate all the time, only a proportion of all the molecules) determines the strength of the acid.


Question: If you have a pile of mulch/woodchips/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you have a pile of mulch/woodchips/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How?

A large enough pile will be generating heat all through it, and the stuff in the middle has nowhere for the heat to go, so it builds up. Eventually, you'll hit the smoke point for something in the pile (the wood, the resins in the sap, small children, you know) and voila! Smoke!


Question: How can a snowflake be different than any snowflake in existence?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 How can a snowflake be different than any snowflake in existence?

Because there's more combinations of how water atoms can join each other in a snowflake than atoms in the universe. If you have something like 10^20 atoms in a snowflake, what are the chances that all 10^20 atoms are going to be in the exact same position as a different 10^20 atoms that make up another snowflake? Very, very small. Infinitesimally small. So small the chances of it happening in this universe are effectively zero.


Question: what is ego death and how does it actually feel?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 what is ego death and how does it actually feel?

Ego death is most commonly known in the context of a deep acid (LSD) trip. What happens with this powerful psychedelic is that at a high enough dose, you literally lose your sense of self. I never got that far, it terrifies me. Think of it this way, right now you're reading what I am saying, you're thinking about it, and likely the first thing you can think about is applying it to yourself, imagining what I am saying from your perspective. Someone tells you I had a shitty day, you immediately start thinking ah I had a shitty day, those suck. Etc. Everything comes back to you because you are the center of your universe. Upon ego death, you no longer exist, and it feels as if you never have. When a thought comes to your mind, you don't even associate it with yourself even if it came from you, you just feel as if the universe is flowing through you and you're an inanimate observer. At this depth, you are stripped bare of every bias, every characteristic, all arrogance, etc, and you start to see the world from a perspective that is absolutely new to you. That is why when people go this far they don't come back the same. Some call it a spiritual awakening. Some call it detoxing the mind. I call it breaking your mind, in my opinion it doesn't matter how spiritual and rejuvenated you feel after, because everyone around you will feel that something broke in your head since that day. So.. That's ego death, to my knowledge. But I never went through it, so obviously I'll take all criticism like a good boy. Edit: English


Question: Why do we never notice when we fall asleep?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do we never notice when we fall asleep?

Falling asleep happens in stages. In the first stage, it's very light and you can be easily roused by something as simple as someone calling your name. This is basically what happens if you nod off during the day. But one of the first things it does is diminish your awareness of your surroundings as your brain starts to ignore many of the stimuli you experience while fully conscious. So as you drift into the further stages of sleep, you don't notice the transitions.


Question: Why is it that some roads have a disproportionate number of gas stations and fast food places on one side of the street instead of the other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that some roads have a disproportionate number of gas stations and fast food places on one side of the street instead of the other?

Could be zoning laws, the availability or lack of infrastructure such as water and sewage or electrical. Property owners refusing to build or allow businesses to be built on their property, legal restrictions...it could be any huge amount of reasons.


Question: How big is a Lagrange Point? How far from the center of a Lagrange Point can an object get before it no longer qualifies as "at the Lagrange Point" and develop a separate orbit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How big is a Lagrange Point? How far from the center of a Lagrange Point can an object get before it no longer qualifies as "at the Lagrange Point" and develop a separate orbit?

Objects near the stable (L4 and L5) Lagrange points will "orbit" the points, following a roughly elliptical path centered on the point. In general, objects in orbit near a 2-body system will approximately follow the contours in this diagram: URL_1 You can see that if you get too far from L4 or L5, you'll follow a path that swings round L4, goes around the "back side" of the central body, swings around L5, and back again. This is known as a [horseshoe orbit]( URL_0 ), and several solar system objects are in this sort of orbit. If you're asking for the actual distance at which a stable Lagrange orbit opens up into a horseshoe orbit, that depends on the mass and distance of the two main bodies.


Question: How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?

I work for a Marine Science Centre, so I can't speak for Zoos, but whenever a large marine mammal passes away we either haul them out using fork lifts or cranes. Usually we'll notice a deterioration in their physical health months or even up to a year beforehand, and so would move them to a separate "quarantine" pool to give them proper treatment or end-of-life care, and this pool can facilitate their removal when/if they pass. Once removed they're taken to a local animal sciences facility (any of a few local universities) where they undergo a necropsy (autopsy for animals). Samples are taken and tested to determine cause of death (whenever possible) and usually these samples are also preserved for further/future scientific study. Depending on the animal and the permits aquired, certain samples like skin and bones can even be re-used for educational, public programs to teach folks about the life in our oceans! Surprisingly few public actually realize or are knowledgeable of the diversity of life beyond our beaches and ports. Edit: formatting/spelling Edit 2: I appear to have recieved gold on one of my comments here. Just wanted to say if you, dear Redditor, so wish to gild, please instead consider donating to a local (or favorite) AZA (Association of Zoos and Aquariums) or CAZA (same as AZA but Canadian) accredited Marine Centre or Zoo. Not all of us are evil and for profit or entertainment. Sometimes (as per the federal government) an animal is unfortunately deemed unreleasable and without facilities to house them they would otherwise be euthanized. And they can help further scientific research into their species and hopefully continue to preserve their species in the wild. Thanks!


Question: We’ve teleported particles a few years ago, how does that work?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 We’ve teleported particles a few years ago, how does that work?

I really wish they hadn't used the word "teleportation." It's not teleportation in the sense that you're thinking, it's more akin to instant *communication*: i.e., transmitting information instantaneously (although it's not really that either, for reasons that get... tricky to explain). Basically, they're talking quantum entanglement. Even if it had been actual teleportation in the traditional sense, this wouldn't have violated the conservation of matter and energy, as it'd just be moving it from one place to another instead of creating or destroying it. And even if it had been creating or destroying matter, that wouldn't really have told us anything about the Big Bang because that didn't involve matter and energy being created, it involved space itself expanding very rapidly.


Question: Why is the Amazon Burning and how is the Brazilian Government Implicit in that?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is the Amazon Burning and how is the Brazilian Government Implicit in that?

Farmers set the Amazon on fire to free up land to plant soy and for their cattle to graze. It’s forbidden but the current nationalist government doesn’t care about the environment and doesn’t enforce the law. So the rate of fires have increased because there is no risk of prosecution to the farmers.


Question: Why is it easier to balance on a bike that is moving, compared to a bike that isn't in motion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier to balance on a bike that is moving, compared to a bike that isn't in motion?

A significant part of the balance you rely on on your bike is centripetal force - the same thing you lean against when you make a turn. While you're moving, you can turn the steering wheel to create a tiny tiny turn in a specific direction. Because you have forward momentum, this will cause your balance on your bike to tip ever so slightly in one direction, and by continually making these tiny adjustments, you help keep balance - then later counteracting the tiny turns with some of your own weight balance to keep you going forward, as far as I understand it. If you have trouble imaging this, think of a small kid learning to ride a bike. Typically, they'll go through a stage when there's a fairly wide swaying sideways of the forward wheel. These wild and brisk movements eventually smooth out to the controlled tiny adjustments we all make while we bike forward. You can see it exacerbated again if you drive really slow on your bike - you'll start swaying the wheel more wildly because you need to make much more of an adjustment to get that balancing force. And when you stop entirely, that force is just gone entirely, meaning you have only your own weight balance to rely on. And every time you want to move your own balance, inertia means that you'll kind of push the bike's balance the other way, which makes staying upright really hard. Gyroscopic force generated by the rotation of your bike wheels might also play into it, but I'm afraid I have no idea as to the strength of this effect.


Question: how do animals with dense furs get vitamin D?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do animals with dense furs get vitamin D?

Found this interesting tidbit on Wikipedia: > In some animals, the presence of fur or feathers blocks the UV rays from reaching the skin. In birds and fur-bearing mammals, vitamin D is generated from the oily secretions of the skin deposited onto the feathers or fur and is obtained orally during grooming. Source: * Agarwal SC, Stout SD (28 June 2011). Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-8891-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2006. The high 25(OH)D concentrations, and relatively high vitamin D requirements of apes and monkeys are understandable in light of their biology—their body surface area relative to mass is generally greater than for humans, and they are inveterate groomers, consuming by mouth the vitamin D generated from the oils secreted by skin into fur. Although much of the vitamin D produced within human skin is absorbed directly, birds and furbearing animals acquire most of their vitamin D orally, as they groom themselves (Bicknell and Prescott, 1946; Carpenter and Zhao, 1999). Vitamin D is generated from the oily secretions of skin into fur. The oral consumption of UV-exposed dermal excretion is the way many animals acquire the “nutrient,” vitamin D. Although Fraser (1983) has argued that dermal absorption of vitamin D may be more natural, what we know from animals indicates that oral consumption is equally physiological. Since vitamin D can be extracted from UV-exposed human sweat and skin secretions (Bicknell and Prescott, 1946), it is also reasonable to think that early humans obtained some of their vitamin D by mouth as well, by licking the skin. Also vitamin D is obtained via diet and different animals have different vitamin D needs, meaning they may not need as much as.


Question: What is a logarithmic scale? Why is it more useful for some things than a regular numerical scale?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a logarithmic scale? Why is it more useful for some things than a regular numerical scale?

Your standard scale will have evenly spaced lines at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.... A log scale will have evenly spaced lines at 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 Log scales are useful for looking at things that tend to grow exponentially [like say deaths in a pandemic]( URL_0 ), they let you get details at both the lower end and the higher end. If you look at the left plot on there, you really can't get any details before it starts ramping up around March 22, everything left of that basically looks like its 0 because fitting both 10 and 40k on a graph with a linear scale really squishes data at the low end. If you look at the right plot which is a semi-log (x axis is linear dates, y axis is a log scale) you can see that things start getting reported around March 4th and then proceeds to climb at roughly a straight line. If you plot something like 5^x on a semi-log plot like this you'll get a straight line so when we look at exponential growth we expect to see a straight line. Log plots are used whenever the difference between the smallest and largest number is several orders of magnitude. If you are plotting sound over time you'd work in dB which are a log scale because the difference between the loudest sound and the quietest sound you can hear is 10,000,000,000x difference in pressure


Question: Why are imaginary numbers useful in math if they are not actually possible?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are imaginary numbers useful in math if they are not actually possible?

Complex numbers exist in the same sense that other number systems exists. All number systems have a basic set of propositions that are taken as a given (axioms) and rules that you can apply to reach true conclusions. Forget square roots for a minute and let's just define a [system]( URL_0 ) of numbers that works with _pairs_ of real numbers. Let's call the first number in the pair the real part. Let's call the second part the "imaginary" part. There is nothing magical about these names. I could call them "Alice" and "Bob" if I wanted to. They're just a name. Let's define some rules for adding and multiplying these pairs. * Addition: (x1, y1) + (x2, y2) = (x1 + x2, y1 + y2). * Multiplication: (x1, y1)(x2, y2) = (x1x2 - y1y2, x1y2 + x2y1). When I compute: (0,1) * (0,1) = ((0 * 0) - (1 * 1) , (0 * 1) + (0 * 1)) = (-1, 0) By the multiplication rule. Then clearly the square root of the pair (-1, 0) is (0, 1). Or in another words, the square root of -1 (the real part) is _i_ (a complex part of 1 unit). So in a sense there is no deep mystery with _i_. It is just a consequence of the definitions given above. These definitions are internally consistent and we call this system of numbers the complex numbers. Honestly, I just wish complex numbers were taught using this construction rather than the usual way they're introduced, which usually causes a lot of consternation and head scratching.


Question: What happens to your tongue and/or tastebuds after eating a bag of Salt & Vinegar chips?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What happens to your tongue and/or tastebuds after eating a bag of Salt & Vinegar chips?

Vinegar is an acid so the flavoring in the chips is acidic. Acid burns - in this case VERY slightly (like in Schezuan Peppercorns) and that "burn" stimulates the nerve endings in the tastebuds. Also, both vinegar and salt draw out water, so you're causing a slight fluid shift that changes intracellular pressures and pressure stimulates nerve endings, too (just like swelling is more often the cause of pain, so we take anti-swelling medications to relieve pain). In short - it's because the chips have several different ingredients that are stimulating the nerve endings on the tongue and until that dissipates the nerve endings there are "over-stimulated" and give that numb, tingly feeling. I mentioned it earlier but if you can get ahold of some schezuan/sichuan peppercorns the effect is even more pronounced.


Question: If cold (flu) cases were mapped geographically over time, would you see the disease move in continuous waves or pop up in locations sporadically?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If cold (flu) cases were mapped geographically over time, would you see the disease move in continuous waves or pop up in locations sporadically?

[As it happens, the CDC has a map of that!]( URL_2 ) You can watch it both rise and fall in swaths across the country. *Edit:* [Here's a similar map for Europe.]( URL_1 ) *Edit:* Thanks to /u/d_lowl for [this worldwide map]( URL_0 ) (scroll down).


Question: How did old homes cost so much less than new homes today, even with inflation?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did old homes cost so much less than new homes today, even with inflation?

That add was 1913. Average wage per year then was just less than 1300 dollars. That house was not a finished house you would still have to do all the interior work plus plumbing and electrical. You also would of had land and help to build it.


Question: Why do some cops in big cities like New York use horses?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some cops in big cities like New York use horses?

Horses offer a number of benefits in city environments that make them an ideal partner in many situations. They allow a rider to sit up high for a better view of what's going on. They can turn around or maneuver in tighter spaces than a car could. Horses are great for dealing with crowds as well, because they're big animals and if they push you, you're going to move. There's also a bit of natural fear that humans have of a big animal that may trample them, so people tend to respect a horse much more than they respect a police car. Adding to that, some people won't think twice about smashing a cop car window, but it's a whole different story if you're attacking an animal. Especially if that animal can fight back. It's also only my personal opinion, but I think a cop on a horse is seen as a bit more friendly and personable than a cop in a car.


Question: How does frozen food sometimes “taste like a freezer”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does frozen food sometimes “taste like a freezer”?

Freezer burn is a condition that occurs when frozen food has been damaged by dehydration and oxidation, due to air reaching the food. It is generally caused by food not being securely wrapped in air-tight packaging. Food is still safe to eat though but usually has that aftertaste you're talking about.


Question: if I have a bag of soil that says it will feed plants up to 9 months, will that bag of soil still feed plants if I wait to use it for a year or two?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if I have a bag of soil that says it will feed plants up to 9 months, will that bag of soil still feed plants if I wait to use it for a year or two?

It means it will feed the plants for "Up To" 9 months. Yes, they are released when you water the plant. This isn't always good, because more nutrients can be released than are used by the plant which can cause over fertilization or burning.


Question: How are atoms/molecules able to create a living organism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are atoms/molecules able to create a living organism?

My opinion but probably "we don't really know" is close to the truth. We don't have any issues talking about dead or alive when dealing with animals, insects, plants, bacteria etc. But as you get smaller and smaller and simpler and simpler, this transition from "non living" to "living" isn't as simple. Are viruses alive? Are prions alive? We know the constituent molecules that make up living organisms. We are also capable of synthesizing them in labs. We can also demonstrate that some of these molecules can be formed naturally in the environment. We even understand how these molecules function in living beings. But ultimately, we are not yet at a point where we can make a "living" organism from scratch. On another side of things, there is AI (and associated robotics). I believe there are some estimates that our best AI today is not equivalent to that of a cockroach (maybe we're close) At some point, we may have to answer the question of whether we can produce AI that is sentient. We might be closer to AI sentience compared to our ability to build a living organism out of atoms/molecules.


Question: Von Neumann ordinals. What does it even mean to define numbers as sets of empty sets?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Von Neumann ordinals. What does it even mean to define numbers as sets of empty sets?

It's just a way to contruct numbers from basic axioms. In ZFC (the usual axioms for set theory) all sets are built up from the empty set, so all look like this. You have to remember that this is just a respresentation of numbers, one that makes it easy to define and manipulate them formally. It isn't saying anything more profound.


Question: how was earth made? How is it formed as it is now and why are other planets not the same or similar as each other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how was earth made? How is it formed as it is now and why are other planets not the same or similar as each other?

A few more factors that help earth be unique. An active core creates a magnetic field, protecting us from suns radiation Our distance from the sun is just right for liquid water The existence of Jupiter and its gravitational pull protects earth from asteroid impacts, making earth safer. The tilt of the earth, which was caused by the moon colliding into us, gives us seasons. Seasons are important because they create just enough variety to encourage adaptation, without being too extreme to hinder the evolution of life. The moon is exceptionally large for a planet our size. This leads to strong tides which were critical to life moving to land.


Question: What's the difference between donating plasma and platelets? Is there any?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between donating plasma and platelets? Is there any?

From where you're gonna be sitting, it'll be the same. Blood goes out, big machine happens, blood goes back in, then your half hour saves someones life.


Question: How does the "sell your home for cash" business work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the "sell your home for cash" business work?

They buy up homes at laughably undertaker prices. They are able to do this as their target demographic (to buy the homes from) need the money immediately so they except the lowball offers. The buyers then either fix up and flip or outright flip the house for over what they paid the original owner. Since they have the luxury of time they are able to hold out for closer to market price and may even be able to go under to ensure a quicker sale. Basically the same game as pawn shops and cash for gold but at a larger scale. Edit: meant undermarket but undertaker makes me laugh.


Question: How does Uhaul/any other car rental company keep vehicles equally distributed across the country?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Uhaul/any other car rental company keep vehicles equally distributed across the country?

Car rental businesses hire people to drive vehicles to other locations. I’m sure Uhaul has something similar in place.


Question: why do comprehension notebooks have that distinctive white and black pattern?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do comprehension notebooks have that distinctive white and black pattern?

Composition, not comprehension. Nobody uses them, so they’re still selling the same inventory produced in 1953, so they all still have the same style.


Question: Why does changing the number of protons change the element entirely?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does changing the number of protons change the element entirely?

It's not so much about the protons as it is about the electrons. The protons just determine the 'neutral' or default number of electrons. Think about the electrons like the studs (those little nubs) on a lego brick. How many of them there are, as well as where they are located, plays a huge role in how the brick connects to other bricks. Some arrangements form strong connections, while others form weak connections. Stuff like that. As a bonus, the strength of a connection couples to the energy of it - stronger connections release more energy when they form and are favored in chemistry.


Question: Why is there "LINT" in our belly button by the end of the day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there "LINT" in our belly button by the end of the day?

> [**Georg Steinhauser**]( URL_2 ) of the Vienna University of Technology is primarily an atomic chemist. However, in 2009, he published the results of four years of research on belly button lint (or as the Brits charmingly call it, "navel fluff") in the journal [***Medical Hypotheses***]( URL_0 ). > > By studying a total of 503 pieces of lint from his own belly button — and asking friends about their navel fluff production patterns — he came to a simple conclusion. Stomach hair is responsible for producing belly button lint. > > "The scaly structure of hair firstly enhances the abrasion of minuscule fibers from the shirt and secondly directs the lint into one direction — the navel — where it accumulates," he wrote. "The hairs’ scales act like a kind of 'barbed hooks.'" [Source]( URL_1 )


Question: if the digits of Pi are not random, why are all the digits distributed so evenly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if the digits of Pi are not random, why are all the digits distributed so evenly?

The digits of pi aren't random because they're derived from a formula (such as an infinite series, in the case of pi). However, because the digits of pi never repeat, over a large enough sample size, the number of occurrences of each digit will approach 10%. This is true of any non-repeating irrational number - e, the square root of 2, etc. EDIT: thanks for the corrections below - turns out it’s only true if *most* real numbers! This is what I get for trying to remember college math trivia!


Question: Why do military paratroopers use round umbrella-like parachutes, and not the rectangular ones, like sport/recreational skydivers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do military paratroopers use round umbrella-like parachutes, and not the rectangular ones, like sport/recreational skydivers?

Has been asnwered before here : URL_0 Even though I don't think it is a satisfactory answer. If they could steer, they could steer themselves to a central landing spot. Having additional control does is not worse than having no control. But, they claim to be a paratrooper, so I am going to take their answer for what it is.


Question: is there a way out of the usa two party system and how does a two party system represent the whole population of voters?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 is there a way out of the usa two party system and how does a two party system represent the whole population of voters?

> Is there a way out of the two party system? Not without changing the voting system, which would take a constitutional amendment. That said you could absolutely change to STV voting or a proportional representative system. STV stands for Single transferable vote, you would still only get one vote, you would have the ability to rank your choices so if the candidate you vote for first doesnt get a significant amount of the vote your vote will be transferred to your second choice. It will still likely result in 2 parties controlling most of congress, but 3rd party candidates wont result in votes being pulled from like minded candidates. Alternatively we could move to a proportional representative system where seats will be assigned based on a percentage of the vote achieved. If a political party gets 30% of the vote then they get 30% of the seats. 55% of the vote would net you 55% of the seats. There are other systems that would allow third parties to hold a fair bit of power, but those systems will likely never be put in place. Any party that can gain enough power to change the system never will because it will only result in them losing power.


Question: what does it mean that the verb is 'reflexive'?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what does it mean that the verb is 'reflexive'?

You have eyes. Two of them! When you look at stuff, we call you the subject, and we call the stuff the object. Now imagine yourself looking into a mirror. If you do it right, congrats! You are seeing yourself. You are both the person looking (subject) and the stuff being looked at (object). Reflexive verbs are reflective in the same way as the mirror. It reflects the action (looking, or whatever the verb is) back onto the subject. Just like you can look at yourself, you can wash yourself, get yourself out of bed, sit yourself down, and so on. Remember that old prayer: Now I lay me down to sleep? That's the same thing!


Question: Where do dimensions come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do dimensions come from?

They don't "come from" anywhere in the sense that they're not *objects* - they're *measurements*. Draw a square. It has two dimensions: height and width. The dimensions didn't "come from" anywhere because they're just properties of the square. The *square* came from somewhere because it's a thing that exists - it came from you drawing it.


Question: How do we prevent satellites from crashing into each other or from losing its trajectory. What happens when they malfunction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we prevent satellites from crashing into each other or from losing its trajectory. What happens when they malfunction?

There is an awful lot of space up there and the areas for satellites are assigned to different countries so they keep there own satellites from bumping into each other, while in orbit the satellites are basically all moving at the same velocity so can't catch up with another vehicle in the same lane on the motorway.


Question: How do you write an unsolvable math problem? If nobody can solve it, how do we know that there is an answer for it

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you write an unsolvable math problem? If nobody can solve it, how do we know that there is an answer for it

There are some math problems for which it has been proven there is no solution. For example, it has been proven that there is no solution to this problem: > Find three positive integers a, b, and c such that a^n + b^n = c^n for an integer n greater that 2. The proof that no three such integers can be found is Fermat's last theorem, which took quite a lot of work to prove. In cases where no one has found a solution, but the lack of a solution has not been proven, we don't know whether or not there is a solution.


Question: how does the sun give living organisms energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the sun give living organisms energy?

The sun releases different types of light. Light is just traveling energy. Some organisms, like plants, have chemical machines in their cells that can catch that light energy and store it in the cell. The energy can be transferred to other parts of the cell that carry out the process of living for the plant, or it can be used to make sugar which is stored by the plant for later use. Think of it like electricity making a factory work.


Question: why do gas stations still have an 89 octane offering?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do gas stations still have an 89 octane offering?

Because there are still a lot of cars on the road that don't require higher octane fuel. Not to mention boats, lawnmowers, generators, etc.