Question: Why does the Fed matter so much? And what sort of power do they have over the US economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the Fed matter so much? And what sort of power do they have over the US economy?

The Federal Reserve matters because it is the Central Bank of the United States and the lender of last resort for all of our other banks. It has a great deal of power over the economy, primarily through the buying and selling of Treasury Bonds and setting the "ground rules" that all other banks follow. It's worth noting that people tend to massively misunderstand what the Fed is. It is not a Private Bank, it is a weird mix of Private and Public. It's Board of Directors is appointed by the President, but the Fed does not have to seek approval for its actions from Congress or the President. So it is an independent agency that ultimately acts on its primary mission - keep the US economy ticking along nicely.


Question: Why is silence necessary for sleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is silence necessary for sleep?

It isn't necessary. It's just harder for us to calm down because our brains are wired from hundreds of thousands of years of humans being nomads that noise could mean danger. I used to go to sleep every night with the TV on.


Question: Where do the random bubbles in lakes come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do the random bubbles in lakes come from?

Methane gas from decomposing plant matter in the sediment. Edit:. Moderator bot says this isn't sufficient so: Plant and dead animal matter collects at the bottom of lakes and ponds, and bacteria feeds on the cellulose in the plant matter, producing small amounts of methane (CH4). This collects until a sufficient amount forms a bubble that can push up through the mud/sediment forming the bottom of the lake, then rises to the surface.


Question: What happens when a homeless person dies? What does the state do in that situation?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What happens when a homeless person dies? What does the state do in that situation?

When the body is found, the authorities try to identify it and see if any relatives want to have a funeral. Assuming it was not murder, if the body is not claimed it is buried in a pauper's grave as cheaply as possible.


Question: What is the point of Kirchhoff's First Law?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the point of Kirchhoff's First Law?

If your circuit splits up into different (parallel) paths, it tells you that the sum of the current in the paths will be the same as the current before they split up (and equally, the sum of the currents in paths that join together will give you the current in the section after they've joined together).


Question: How are there different levels of infinity?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are there different levels of infinity?

Suppose you have two groups of things, in mathematical terms, two sets. For example, let's say we have the sets {an apple, a grape, a banana} and {yellow, red, purple}. You can show that the two sets are the same size by showing that there is a one-to-one mapping between the two sets. A one-to-one mapping is a group of pairs of items, where every item in the each set is paired with exactly one item in the other set, and no item is paired more than once. We can make such a mapping with our example sets like this: {apple < - > red, banana < - > yellow, grape < - > purple} But if you can show that when you try to make a mapping like this you always end up with items from one of the sets left over, then that set must be larger. It turns out it's possible to do that with some infinite sets. In particular, the integers and real numbers. If you try to pair every integer with a real number, no matter how you do it, there will always be some real numbers left over. So the infinity describing the amount of real numbers is bigger than the infinity describing the amount of integers.


Question: How does a speaker emulate the sound of many different instruments all playing at the same time at different layers / rhythms?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a speaker emulate the sound of many different instruments all playing at the same time at different layers / rhythms?

All sound is actually rapidly changing air pressure. The air pressure at your eardrum can really only have a single value at a single moment; the fact that we can mentally process that varying pressure into all the differerent instruments and voices is really a testament to how wonderful our brains are! So the speaker just has to reproduce, to a certain level of accuracy, the same pattern of varying air pressure.


Question: How do animals like octopi and the like, know how to camouflage themselves to their surroundings?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do animals like octopi and the like, know how to camouflage themselves to their surroundings?

Instinct, programmed by millions of years of evolution. Octopodes also happen to be very intelligent for their size and show some quite remarkable problem solving skills.


Question: Film grain even in modern movie blurays, is it purposeful or why cant it be cleaned out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Film grain even in modern movie blurays, is it purposeful or why cant it be cleaned out?

Film grain is a product of the chemistry that makes film. It can be made smaller, but the smaller grains take more light to switch on (expose). That makes finer grain film "slower" and it's a tradeoff between lighting and grain size. To eliminate it would take very intense light, so that's not practical.


Question: If paper/plastic money note has serial number on it, why does coin not? And how is coin tracked then?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If paper/plastic money note has serial number on it, why does coin not? And how is coin tracked then?

It's not. It's also not really required: coins are costly to make compared to their value, from the metal cost to the smelting and pressing. Small coins are usually more expensive to makes than their face value, even smaller coin (think 1c euro) are most costly in metal alone than their face value (they changed to way they are done to avoid people smelting them to sell the scrap) It's then not really important to keep track of them.


Question: What causes the feeling that somebody is looking at you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What causes the feeling that somebody is looking at you?

There is no extra sense for this. It's usually a result of confirmation bias. Long story short, people can't actually tell when someone is looking at them unless they have seen that person looking at them. Your eyes pick up a lot of information and not all of it goes into your immediate awareness. We have super sensitivity to gaze and even a glimpse of someone or something looking at you can trigger it. On the rare occasion that you do catch it, you are more likely to remember that than every time you don't.


Question: If female praying mantises kill the males after mating, then why hasn’t the species died out yet? They would not be able to replace each generation.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If female praying mantises kill the males after mating, then why hasn’t the species died out yet? They would not be able to replace each generation.

Like a lot of insects the parent generation dies after mating and laying eggs. That's why they usually lay a lot of eggs and just hope that on average 2 of them reach mating age in the next generation. The eating of the male is basically just recycling it's chemical energy wich isn't needed anymore because the male already did it's job, and the female still needs some time to place the eggs somewhere Some species of them are even able to produce offspring without a male.


Question: Is it possible to make a phone screen that is both scratch-proof and shatter-proof?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it possible to make a phone screen that is both scratch-proof and shatter-proof?

I would wager a guess that while it may be possible, it'll probably be much more economical to produce a shatterproof screen that truly self-heals even deep scratches.


Question: Why do wealthy people form their own charities instead of donating to existing charities?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do wealthy people form their own charities instead of donating to existing charities?

Starting a charitable foundation allows the rich guy to accomplish a few things: 1). The moment the dollars get assigned to the foundation they are a tax deduction. This can simplify tax filings in the future. 2). A well managed foundation can invest those dollars tax-free. That way the "profits" can be distributed and the "principal" can stay intact. In other words, a lasting source of donations. 3). The foundation can use its influence to choose and guide the use of the funds if it's big enough. 4). It gets rid of people and charities continually asking. Just refer to your foundation. Comments- I'm not an accountant, a lawyer, or a rich guy. But even middle class people can do something similar. Some brokerage companies have a setup to create a charitable trust. ( I know Fidelity does). Operates in a similar way. Just smaller scale. Professional management on the investment. Your little fund gets managed with everyone else's, but the directed donations are by you. Say you have an unusually good financial year. Put a bunch in the trust. Get tax deduction.. you don't have the money but you save on taxes. And then can donate how you want over several years.


Question: Why does it take so long to develop a vaccine and make sure it's safe? Isn't it as simple as taking an inactive form of the virus and Bob's your Uncle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it take so long to develop a vaccine and make sure it's safe? Isn't it as simple as taking an inactive form of the virus and Bob's your Uncle?

Viruses aren't alive in the first place, so you can't kill them and inject the corpse. So now you need to figure out how much damage you do to the virus. Let's say you damage 80% of it - now it's so rubbish that your body might not even recognize it as a virus. If it makes antibodies, it might make it for something unrelated. Let's say you damage 10% of it - now you've just injected someone with an active virus and have probably committed a fuck ton of malpractice. Let's say you damage 50% of it - now the antibodies are being created properly, but the person shows symptoms. Now you need to test it a thousand times to check how bad it gets. If the vaccine kills one person out of every 10,000 people, do you risk killing that one person? So you have to hit the perfect balance - and that's assuming your method of damaging the virus is so delicate and perfect. And nothing in the world is perfect.


Question: Trains seem like no-brainers for total automation, so why is all the focus on Cars and trucks instead when they seem so much more complicated, and what's preventing the train from being 100% automated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Trains seem like no-brainers for total automation, so why is all the focus on Cars and trucks instead when they seem so much more complicated, and what's preventing the train from being 100% automated?

I've been a Locomotive Engineer for the BNSF Railway for 10 years. The first answer to your question is that the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (Engineers Union) is the oldest in the country at 152 years and we have fought tooth and nail to keep our jobs. That being said, the second answer is a little more complicated. The bulk of modern road locomotives are manufactured by General Electric. A road Locomotive is a six axle 4400 horsepower engine that is meant to travel at track speed between cities. This is opposed to a yard Locomotive which is four axles and only meant to travel at 10 mph in short intervals though it is capable of track speed (up to 70mph). A General Electric Locomotive comes with proprietary software in the locomotives heads up display called the GE Trip Optomizer. The T.O. as we call it is essentially auto pilot. Once engaged, it is capable of speeding up or slowing down the train at speeds of 12-70 mph. It uses algorithms to determine how to handle the train in the most fuel efficient manner while managing "in train forces," but more on that later. The T.O. Uses GPS to determine exact locations to comply with both permanent and temporary speed restrictions. In my experience the T.O. Is accurate within 50 feet which is nothing short of miraculous considering the computer has to discern variables such as train tonnage (weight) both as a whole and individual cars and where they are placed in the train. Also train length and curvature of the territory. Whether or not you are on an ascending or descending grade (up a Mountain or down one). As an Engineer in 2017 I am needed at the controls of a Locomotive for the following reasons. First, T.O. Doesn't always work, nor is it present in all of our locomotives (some are made by EMD.) Second, T.O. Doesn't work at speeds below 12 mph, so I have to start the train out and then engage the T.O. Once I get over 12. Third, T.O. Only works when I have authority to travel at track speed for a great distance. For example, if I have authority for 6 miles or more, I will engage the T.O. If I have to stop at some point within about six miles, I have to take control of the train and get it stopped at the correct location while complying with good train handling procedures. The T.O. Is only able to operate at maximum authorized speed all the time. It does not stop the train. That is the job of an engineer. Imagine a self driving car that can only handle itself on Interstate highways at the posted speed limit and cannot drive down a street with traffic lights and comply with the signals. Same concept. Stopping the train without snapping it in two is the main job of a Locomotive Engineer. It's like a musician making music with an instrument. It takes training and experience. There are two types of brakes used on a train. First are the Dynamic Brakes, which are only found on Locomotives. That is where each axle acts as an electric generator. Imagine a hand crank emergency radio or flashlight. When you turn the crank there is resistance on the handle which is generating power. We use the resistance on each axle to slow down the train by generating electricity. We then literally throw away all that valuable electricity by dissipating it as heat out the top of the engine. It's a tremendous waste but hey, that's how we roll in America. The second type of brakes that we use and probably the biggest reason to keep trains manned is the Westinghouse Air Brake System. Each rail car is equipped with brake rigging which operates entirely on compressed air. There are no electrical components, everything is mechanical. There are air compressors on the locomotives that are connected to each car through the use of air hoses and the entire system is controlled by the engineer at the head end of the train. The speed of the train can be controlled by either taking away air (setting the brakes) or adding air (releasing the brakes). I know that sounds backwards but that's how the system was designed. It is the Westinghouse air brake design that truly throws a wrench into the need for automation. You see, Westinghouse designed this system in the 19th century. That's right, the flipping 1800s. The Titans of industry at the time began to expand the railroads so rapidly that there was only time enough to redesign the system to be more efficient once. That also happened in the 1800s. So that means that in 2017 we still use this system to stop our trains. Every rail car on every piece of track in the United States has this type of brake rigging. And according to federal law, each car has to have tested, inspected and working air brakes BEFORE the train departs it's initial terminal. A Conductor, (that's the other guy in the cab) has to walk the entire length of the train three times before the train can depart, once on each side to ensure the brakes are set and once to ensure the brakes have released. That could be up to 7000+ feet three times (5280 feet in a mile!) The Westinghouse air brake system, although used industry wide, has its flaws. The brakes have a tendency to "dynamite" or begin braking without warning. Imagine the brake on the rear car braking a full capacity and no other brakes in the train are working. This type of event cracks the whole train like a whip and the Conductor and Engineer are at the tip. At the very least we'll get greasy face prints on the windshield. At the worst we're looking at a train broken in two or possibly a derailment. In the remote locations that the railroad travels in, it is the job of trained professionals like us to inspect the train, possibly change a broken knuckle on a car (60 lbs), put the train back together (do another air test) and get on our way. In using a temperamental system like this it falls upon he job of a human being to orchestrate the movements of the train through the use of his senses. Feel, what's going on behind you? Is there more slack in the train than you expected? Sound, are the brakes squealing? Is it possible that they are not all the way released? Smell, do you smell hot brake shoes? The smell of burnt rubber? Sight, look back at the train on a curve. Is it on fire? Is there dragging equipment? Taste, what's in my lunchbox? Is it time to put my steak and potato in the engine compartment to heat it up yet? These are things that automation cannot replace, human intuition in the middle of nowhere.


Question: What exactly is cerebral palsy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that are discovered at young age and lasts for life. It is caused by an underdevelopment or damage to the part of the brain that control movements, balance, and posture. People with Cerebral Palsy may have weak or stiff muscles, poor coordination, and trouble seeing, hearing, swallowing, and speaking. Tldr; CP is a group of movement disorders, and people affected by it may have difficulty with any function or activity that involves muscle use.


Question: Why did "they" change the name of the phenomenon from "Global Warming" to "Climate Change"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did "they" change the name of the phenomenon from "Global Warming" to "Climate Change"?

Both terms have been out there for a long time. There is famously a 1997/1998 memo by a conservative strategist named Luntz that asked Republicans to start using "climate change" exclusively as a term, feeling that it was a less alarming term than "global warming". The public use of the term shifted soon afterwards, as politicians followed his advice.


Question: how does an mri/ct scan see inflammation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does an mri/ct scan see inflammation?

In contrast to what other replies have said, on a CT scan, blood has basically the same density as water and since most of our soft tissues are highly perfused with blood and our cells are full of water, most tissues look the same on a CT scan with the exception of air, fat and bone. A CT scanner isn’t the best at detecting inflammation because of those similarities but if you add IV contrast to the blood stream you can delineate things a little better. Still, at the end of the day, you can only sometimes detect inflammation in some tissues at some times. An MRI does not use xrays at all. It uses big magnets to alter the way your hydrogen atoms behave and as we know, hydrogen makes up a big part of our body, most obviously in all the water inside us (H2O) but also in fat. Different methods of detecting the behaviour of hydrogen atoms produce different images and a scan of your body often includes a number of different ‘weightings’ or ways of detecting the image which are all interpreted together to come up with a diagnosis. A lot of these ‘weightings’ have to do with detecting water in abnormal locations which is often diagnostic of inflammation.


Question: Why does a^2 + b^2 = c^2 in a right triangle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a^2 + b^2 = c^2 in a right triangle?

Imagine you had a square with four similar triangles inside forming a smaller square: a b ———————————— | /——____ |a | / c ——-___| b| / / | | / c / | | / c / | | / / |b | ——____ c / | a| ——___/ | ———————————— b a a ———————————— | /| b | | / | | b| c / | b | | / | b | | / | | |_/__|_______b______| a| a |——____ c | a |____|_______——____| a b This new figure was made by rearranging the triangles. Notice how in the first figure, the square in the center has area c^2. In the second figure, the two squares are a^2 and b^2. Both figures have the same outer square and the same four triangles in it. So if the areas of the four triangles combined are equal in both figures, then the areas not occupied by triangles must be equal. So a^2 + b^2 = c^2.


Question: How does glue work? And why are some glues absolutely horrible while others work great?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does glue work? And why are some glues absolutely horrible while others work great?

Glue can work a couple different ways. In most cases it's a non-solid material that hardens between the two objects you want glued together, and before hardening it seeps into all the little pores and holes of the material. This is mechanical adhesion. Some glue is especially effective on certain materials, for example, wood glue is way better on wood than on plastic. This is because wood glue is made with the chemical structures of wood in mind in order to bond at a greater level. This is dispersive adhesion. Some glues will take dispersive adhesion to the next level by chemically reacting with a material in order to create hydrogen bonds - a particularly strong chemical reaction - to stay bonded. Ever gotten gorilla glue on your hand and had to remove it, and your skin felt super soft afterwards? That's because it bonded to the top layer of your skin and you had to rip that top layer off to get rid of the glue. As for the efficiency of the glue, school grade glue sticks are made with a lot of filler and shitty cheap material, so it's not going to work as well as a wood glue or industrial grade adhesive.


Question: What happens in people’s brains when they can’t find an object that is directly in front of them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens in people’s brains when they can’t find an object that is directly in front of them?

I assume its the same type of thing as Highway blindness Your brain doesnt process everything your eyes take in. It will filter through memory of what the room/area/road looks like so they brian only has to take in what it thinks is different. This a vary simplified skimmed verison of it


Question: How do movie theaters project the movie onto the massive surface area without it looking blurry/low quality?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do movie theaters project the movie onto the massive surface area without it looking blurry/low quality?

Actually, the cameras still often record on film which is technically pixel-less (analog).. therefore when played in theaters, as long as it's in focus, it's clear. They're also using projectors in the $200,000-400,000 range, and those who do use digital projection are using higher end laser projectors or multiple projectors, like Dolby at AMC.


Question: Why isn’t the man married to the Queen the King?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why isn’t the man married to the Queen the King?

Because he wasn't allowed to have that title. Since the British Queen is a constitutional monarch, Parliament has a lot of influence in this matter. In theory, Prince Philip could have been granted the title of King Consort (as opposed to King Regnant), but this is a very rare title in European aristocracy. It's not quite true, by the way, that "King" is a higher rank than "Queen". Rather, a "Queen Regnant" is a queen in her own right and has the same rank as a King Regnant, while a "Queen Consort" is the wife of a King Regnant. Queen Regnant and King Regnant have the same rank. In one usual case, in the 17th century England was reigned jointly by a King Regnant and a Queen Regnant: they were King William III of England and Queen Mary II of England, and they ranked equally with each other. People assume that these titles and styles are automatic, but they're not. Queen Victoria's husband Albert expected to gain the title of King Consort, but Parliament objected: he was German (at a time of anti-German sentiment), he was not a member of the Church of England and some of his relatives were Catholics. They eventually (after about 17 years of wrangling) settled on Prince Consort as a compromise, and later -- after an assassination attempt on the Queen -- arrangements were made to allow him to become Regent in case the Queen died before her heir was old enough to perform his duties. It was even worse with the Duke of Edinburgh. He was granted the style of "His Royal Highness", and everyone assumed that meant he was a prince. He was, but not a *British* prince: he was Prince of Greece and Denmark. Shortly after the coronation, there was a lot of debate over what his title should be: one suggestion, which the Queen favoured, was Prince of the Commonwealth, but other suggestions included Prince Consort, Prince of the Realm, and even Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories. Finally he was given the title Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and is referred to as His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. There was debate over whether he would be granted the title Prince Consort for his birthday, but that didn't happen. TL;DR: There is nothing automatic about this. The monarch and Parliament might spend years arguing over what titles members of the Royal Family are entitled to.


Question: With deepfake voices now sounding almost indistinguishable from human voices, why do computer voices (TTS, Google Maps, etc) still sound like garbage?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 With deepfake voices now sounding almost indistinguishable from human voices, why do computer voices (TTS, Google Maps, etc) still sound like garbage?

Because they're not deep-fake voices. They're deliberately kept out of the uncanny valley by remaining obviously computerized. That way, nobody gets weirded out by an almost human voice.


Question: When you are dehydrated, why is it so hard to drink enough water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you are dehydrated, why is it so hard to drink enough water?

To add on to everyone, water in itself isn't the all powerful when it comes to hydration. It's sodium. The salt in the water is what causes the water bits to slow down in the digestion process, and allow water to be retained. Remember when you were in elementary school and someone in class said they'd just drink ocean water before they'd die of dehydration on an island? And the teacher said they'd die faster? Well, it's just the opposite there. Instead of water slowly going in, it's coming in fast with too much sodium for the kidneys to function correctly. So they just expell the water. In cases of dehydration with slow water consumption, your kidneys won't do much because too much water will be too much on your digestive tract and you'll eventually end up just bypassing everything through your stool if it's not absorbed in the intestines fast enough


Question: Why does water taste amazing when you're thirsty but taste like nothing otherwise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water taste amazing when you're thirsty but taste like nothing otherwise?

It's pretty much your brain's way of letting you know: "Hey! You're thirsty? This is what's best to drink when you're thirsty!"


Question: How do drugs get valued? What defines their value?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do drugs get valued? What defines their value?

Like many products you buy, the more you buy, the less you pay. Let's say weed costs $15/g, $40/eighth (3.5g) & $250/ounce (8 eighths or 28g) and $2500/pound (16 ounce or 450g). Whenever you read a release from the cops about the value of a bust, it's generally inflated to make the bust sound more impressive. For example, when they find 10 pounds of weed, they won't say it 10x the cost of a pound ($25,000), they'll use the highest price possible (eg - somebody with no friends buying from a stranger at a bar might pay $20g) and use that as the basis, giving you 4500x the cost of a gram ($90,000).


Question: How do we know that the numbers of Pi aren't just made up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know that the numbers of Pi aren't just made up?

One of the first ways was to use polygons. First, draw any circle. Then, draw a regular polygon (ex: a regular hexagon) inside the circle, such that all the vertices of that polygon are on the edge of the circle. Then, draw a regular polygon with the same number of sides *outside* the circle, such that the edges are all tangential to the edge of the circle. [Like this.]( URL_0 ) As is apparent, the perimeter of the outer polygon is more than the circumference of the circle and the perimeter of the inner polygon is less than the circumference of the circle. So we essentially have placed upper and lower bounds on what that circumference can be. Since pi is *defined* to be the circumference divided by the diameter, and since we know the diameter (when we constructed the circle), then we have placed upper and lower bounds on what pi can be. If we use regular polygons with more and more sides, we will narrow that range and come up with ever increasingly better estimates of pi. Today, however, this is very inefficient. We have, through various complicated mathematical proofs, shown that pi is equal to certain kinds of infinite sequences. On example is: pi/4 = 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9 ... You alternate adding and subtracting fractions whose denominators are the odd integers. The further out you complete the sequence, the greater degree you will have approximated pi/4. Proving that this series (if you were able to extend it out infinitely) is *exactly* equal to pi/4 is a bit beyond the scope of this sub, but take note that it has been proven mathematically, so calculating the digits of pi is merely an arithmetic exercise of computing more and more terms of sequences like these.


Question: Why is there no 100th percentile?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there no 100th percentile?

100th percentile would be the group below which 100% of people would fall... So the 100th percentile would be the section above what anyone scored. Edit: Think of it like 'x percent of people are below this point.' If 100% of people are below it, no one is there.


Question: Why is it easier (faster) to learn something we are interested in, than to learn something we don't show interest in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier (faster) to learn something we are interested in, than to learn something we don't show interest in?

Feelings can affect the speed with which we learn. The more you think about a given topic, the more neural connections form in your brain to make processing related information faster and easier. So, if you're really interested in a specific thing, the more you'll focus on it when you're trying to learn, and the more you'll think about outside of active learning, which both promote lots of neural pathways to process the information.


Question: How do video games swatters figure out the location of their victims?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do video games swatters figure out the location of their victims?

Not an expert, but Ill try to ELI5 this: So the U.S. Government makes many records public, including things like who lives where. You can search up much of the information in the whitepages. Many people have also, at some point, used their real name on the same account as they used their username. From there you can probably get someones state just by asking, inferring through things like an IP address (you can get a range of up to a few cities if youre lucky,) or getting to know them, from there you'll need a varying amount of information to infer which `John Doe` is them. Now, you know who they are, who their family is, how much their house costs.... its endless.... and scary


Question: If the universe is expanding and galaxies/stars are constantly moving, how come constellations stay static? Or are they not, considering hundreds of years ago early sailors used them to navigate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the universe is expanding and galaxies/stars are constantly moving, how come constellations stay static? Or are they not, considering hundreds of years ago early sailors used them to navigate?

Imagine you're looking at some distant mountains, and then you take one step to the right. Would you expect the mountains to look significantly different? The stars in the sky are trillions (with a T, that's 1,000,000,000,000s) of miles away. They're moving, but compared to that distance, they're not moving very far. The constellations do change over time, but it takes thousands of years before the change is noticable. [Here's a website]( URL_0 ) showing what the big dipper and orion will look like in tens of thousands of years.


Question: Why corn was selected as one and only crop surviving in those conditions in Installer Movie, Is there an explanation to it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why corn was selected as one and only crop surviving in those conditions in Installer Movie, Is there an explanation to it?

Its a plot device. The movie is a US centric movie and wanted to invoke the good old corn farmer for nostalgia. If it has been soybean or rice, it would be harder to invoke audience connection to movie


Question: why is the inside of our mouth less sensitive to heat than our skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is the inside of our mouth less sensitive to heat than our skin?

It’s the other way around for me. If I eat something like, for example, a hot pocket, it doesn’t feel too hot in my hand when I pick it up, but then when it’s in my mouth it’s like I’m eating the sun..


Question: What happens if all your teeth are pulled and not replaced?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens if all your teeth are pulled and not replaced?

The lips will flatten without the teeth behind them, and speech can be affected (sounds like th are formed when the tongue meets the back of the upper teeth). Source: accompanied my mother when she had her teeth extracted and dentures fitted, through the whole process.


Question: why does scratching an allergic reaction to a bug bite make it grow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does scratching an allergic reaction to a bug bite make it grow?

So when you get bitten by a bug, it injects a small amount of venom under your skin. When you scratch it, you take the “bubble” of venom and push it out from the center, causing it to spread and grow.


Question: How deep into the Earth could humans dig? (If any equipment was available)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How deep into the Earth could humans dig? (If any equipment was available)

"The result was the Kola Superdeep Borehole and a drill-depth of more than 7.5 miles (12 kilometers). To put that in perspective, Kola descends further than the deepest point of the ocean, which lies at nearly 6.8 miles (11 kilometers). The borehole is located on the Kola Peninsula of Russia.Mar 11, 2015. " URL_0 They had to stop drilling because of the heat.


Question: What exactly happens in our body that gives us that “fake falling” feeling when we’re in bed sometimes? Why does it often only happen in bed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly happens in our body that gives us that “fake falling” feeling when we’re in bed sometimes? Why does it often only happen in bed?

It's called a [hypnic jerk]( URL_1 ). > One hypothesis posits that the hypnic jerk is a form of [reflex]( URL_0 ), initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in blood pressure and the relaxation of muscle tissue.[[6]]( URL_3 ) A researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be "an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur", but evidence is lacking.[[7]]( URL_2 )


Question: What's actually happening to your skin when you get a tan? Is it getting burnt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's actually happening to your skin when you get a tan? Is it getting burnt?

Melanocytes get excited by UV rays and produce more melanin to protect skin. You can get burned if you are exposed to too much sunlight for too long, but that’s actual thermal damage, not tanning.


Question: Why do we get a sudden burst of energy wih music?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we get a sudden burst of energy wih music?

I believe it has something to do with releasing dopamine or seratonin in the brain, which are pretty much the feel good chemicals in the brain.


Question: Why is Apple's app store a monopoly but Sony's and Microsoft's console stores not a monopoly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Apple's app store a monopoly but Sony's and Microsoft's console stores not a monopoly?

All three are the same. So is Google's. Apple's is bigger, much more lucrative, and subject to more negative publicity as a result. But it's all the same.


Question: ....If an automobile tire takes 50-80 years to decompose, what happens to all of the rubber that gets worn off the tire while driving? How come we don’t see rubber piled up along the roadways or streams?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ....If an automobile tire takes 50-80 years to decompose, what happens to all of the rubber that gets worn off the tire while driving? How come we don’t see rubber piled up along the roadways or streams?

When you run a stormwater treatment plant, you see tons of it, literally. Rain washs rubber powder into stormdrains and it washes into the plant all the time.


Question: What's the big deal about MIDI 2.0?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the big deal about MIDI 2.0?

MIDI 2.0 will enable a number of features currently not possible with 1.0, in particular, the MIDI signal can now be 2-way on the same cable, where previously you needed individual "in" and "out." Because of this feature, the additional feature of "profiles" is possible. For example, if you plug a physical mixer into your DAW, the DAW can ask the mixer what it is, and the mixer can tell it "I'm a Mixer!" And the DAW will automatically map the faders, knobs, and buttons in your on-screen mixer to the appropriate corresponding items on the hardware. Another thing worth mentioning, 2.0 will be 32-bit, enabling better resolution of note velocity and even +/- cent tuning, per pitch. This enhances the "realism" of human expression when trying to capture it digitally. There are more features worth listing but hopefully this gives you an idea :) TL;DR the 2.0 update increases data resolution and provides quality-of-life improvements to everyone who uses MIDI.


Question: What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work?

In a Traditional IRA, the money you contribute is Pre-tax, that is you don't pay tax on it in the current year. In a Roth IRA, the money you contribute is Post-tax, that is you don't deduct it from your income in the present year. OTOH, when you start drawing money from a Traditional IRA, it is fully taxable, both principle and interest / gain. But it's likely you'll be at a lower rate, since you're retired. When you start drawing money from a Roth IRA, it's tax free, both the principle (on which you already paid tax) and the interest / gain (which you have not). For this reason, the Roth IRA is desirable if you have enough years for the IRA's gain to be a significant amount, since it remains tax-free, unlike the T-IRA.


Question: What is a brain-freeze and why does it happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a brain-freeze and why does it happen?

A brain freeze is an automatic physical response to your mouth getting too cold, a situation that if pushed through could be very dangerous to the sensitive brain, nervous system, and sinus parts you have near there. The strong response makes you pause long enough for your body to reheat that area as best it can and hopefully to stop ingesting the cold stuff so fast. If you want it to go away faster, one way to solve it is to press your thumb on the roof of your mouth to help warm the area up again.


Question: why is it so difficult to balance on a bike/motorcycle when stationary compared to while in motion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it so difficult to balance on a bike/motorcycle when stationary compared to while in motion?

The fork of a bike is angled outwards which causes the bike to catch itself as it falls when it moves forwards. As the bike falls to the right, the front wheel turns to the right, and the bike moves to the right which recenters the weight and causes it to come back upright. Additionally, the gyroscopic forces of the wheels in motion help keep the bike stable.


Question: Why do certain substances (drugs, pharmaceutical drugs) need to be carefully injected in your blood in order to be effective, while others (tranquilliser darts, poison from a bite) can work regardless of where they puncture you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do certain substances (drugs, pharmaceutical drugs) need to be carefully injected in your blood in order to be effective, while others (tranquilliser darts, poison from a bite) can work regardless of where they puncture you?

It is mostly question of dose and pharmacokinetics (the speed the substance acts). When you carefully inject something into bloodstream (some bigger vein), pretty much all of it spreads around the body fast. That way you can exactly control the dose and make the most out of what you have. If you injected it elsewhere, the odds are it would work too - but if it hit a muscle (intermuscular application), it would take much longer to get where it needs to be, which generally means lower "maximum" effect over longer period of time. With pharmaceutical drugs you want the best controlled outcome you can get. With bad drugs you want to get the most out of the dose. Both is better achieved by getting it right into blood. (Unless you go for intermuscular application on purpose) With poison darts and bites, the substances are so efficient and/or in dose large enough that you dont really care. Yes, hitting a vein WOULD make it faster and stronger, but even muscle is good enough. edit: typos


Question: Why is it usually recommended that brand new phones be used until the battery is low before fully charging it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it usually recommended that brand new phones be used until the battery is low before fully charging it?

In the past, old-school rechargeable batteries had a limited number of “charge cycles”. If you charged up your battery, by any amount, it would start to degrade and it’s total capacity would drop. Modern batteries still have charge cycles, but the number of cycles they can endure is so great that it’s no longer an issue. What is an issue with modern lithium batteries is actually letting the charge go low. A study showed that batteries drained to 0 can lose 30% of their charge capacity after 300-500 charge cycles, while batteries kept above 60% had no visible decrease after 2500 charge cycles. You should charge your phone whenever possible. You don’t need to worry about overcharging, which was a concern back when we used Ni-Cd batteries. Lithium batteries are designed to trickle-charge when near full capacity and never overcharge. Lithium batteries are superior to old school rechargeable batteries in almost every way. Problems your parents had with rechargeables have become obsolete, and advice which was true 10 years ago is also obsolete. Lithium batteries do have a weakness compared to older rechargeable batteries - they can only operate in a very narrow temperature range. High heat and freezing cold can cause the battery to explode or stop working.


Question: How does a rechargable battery work if batteries produce electricity using chemical reactions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a rechargable battery work if batteries produce electricity using chemical reactions?

The chemical reactions in rechargable batteries is reversable. That means that there is chemical reactions that will change the chemicals back to their orginial forms given that there is current flowing the other direction.


Question: Ive looked it up but i still don’t get it, what exactly is an NFT? Why do people pay so much for some? What does it have to do with crypto?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Ive looked it up but i still don’t get it, what exactly is an NFT? Why do people pay so much for some? What does it have to do with crypto?

It’s a non fungible token. Fungibility is when things are exchangeable and nothing is different. For example my one dollar bill is the same as all other dollar bills. Non fungible means this token is not the same as another token. People pay so much for some because either they are super rare or the buyers are stupid. Cryptography is used to make non fungible tokens exist.


Question: What is the temperature in space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the temperature in space?

Temperature doesn't depend on the environment. If something is 200 kelvin, it's 200 kelvin. That doesn't change. You are correct in that there is no material for conduction or convection to do its thing. That doesn't mean nothing will happen, however. Light doesn't give a fuck, and you can both gain energy from, say, the sun, or lose energy from blackbody radiation. So it won't be immediately cold or hot, though the ambient temperature of space is pretty cold. But if you're in the sun's way you'll get pretty hot pretty quick, if not then you'll slowly cool down.


Question: Why does vinegar preserve things ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does vinegar preserve things ?

Two big reasons. First, the acidity makes it difficult for bacteria, mold, and oxygen to turn the food its trying to preserve. The second is that vinegar is a desiccant, so it draws water out of things which further inhibits bacterial and fungal growth


Question: what is the science behind weighted blankets and how do they reduce anxiety?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the science behind weighted blankets and how do they reduce anxiety?

Part of it has to do with our sensory system (hearing, seeing, smelling, and feeling) our bodies are constantly getting input from those senses. For each of our senses there are inputs that make them excited or calmed. For our sense of feeling, deep pressure and compression are calming inputs while light touch can be exciting input. So a heavy blanket will give your body an input of deep pressure and compression making your brain feel calmer. It’s another reason humans hug to comfort each other, it provides pressure and compression making the person being hugged feel calmer.


Question: Inflation. Why is money worth more or less over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Inflation. Why is money worth more or less over time?

Modern money is fiat currency - this essentially means it only has value because people agree it has value (and to an extent because governments back up the value by doing things like making cash legal tender for all debts). As a result, the value of money is going to vary based on how much money is around (the money supply), which is also typically controlled by governments or the central banks of governments. The money supply tends to increase over time primarily because that is the policy that governments and central banks have. Essentially, a stable, small amount of inflation is considered good for the economy, because it encourages people to spend and/or invest money (no point in sitting on your money if it loses value with time). Inflation is often also used to try to boost the economy (making more money available means banks can give out more loans, more money can be borrowed/invested/spent, more happens in the economy) which can go wrong if taken too far.


Question: why do phone batteries last longer in the cold, but suffer no battery loss in heat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do phone batteries last longer in the cold, but suffer no battery loss in heat?

If batteries last longer cold then wouldn't then suffer batter loss while hot by definition? I mean if the batter lasts X minutes cold then it would last something less than X while warm. That is battery loss...


Question: Where are all the dead animals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where are all the dead animals?

They get eaten quite regularly by other animals or get decomposed by the many, many decomposes out there like insects, fungi, and bacteria.


Question: Why do people sometimes vomit after doing a grueling physical task? Wouldn't their body want the nutrients/fluid in their projectile?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people sometimes vomit after doing a grueling physical task? Wouldn't their body want the nutrients/fluid in their projectile?

Not a Dr but I think it has to do with the body saying "I can't take care of this right now (digestion) because I obviously being chased by a pack of saber tooth tigers?


Question: how can there be 3 tonnes of CO2 in every tonne of fuel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how can there be 3 tonnes of CO2 in every tonne of fuel?

Fuel is generally a string of carbon atoms with two hydrogen atoms attached to each one. To make it into CO2 and heat you have to mix it with oxygen. So CH2 + 3O - > CO2 + H2O. Carbon weighs 12 units, hydrogen weighs about 1 unit and oxygen weighs 16 units. So from the above formula we can see that 14 units of fuel and 48 units of oxygen turns into 44 units of CO2 and 18 units of water. This is just rough estimations and the exact numbers varies on the fuel and the combustion so we round that x3.1 to an even x3 to account for the extra hydrogen and oxygen atoms we find in real fuels. So the extra weight of CO2 emissions comes from the oxygen that is being consumed in the combustion.