Question: How do you recalculate odds after each attempt at something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you recalculate odds after each attempt at something?

Nope. The chance per month remains the same. It doesn't stack, eventually leading to a 100% chance or something. For instance, if condoms have a 1 in a 1000 failure rate, that doesn't mean that if you use condoms 1000 times you'll have 1 failure. It means that for EVERY time you use one, you have a 1:1000 chance of product failure. You could never see a single failure. Someone else could see 1 a month.


Question: How does Godel numbering work and what are the implications of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Godel numbering work and what are the implications of it?

The key idea is that you can map a logic statement or even a whole proof to a natural number in a way that lets you get back to the original statement if you're given the number. This lets you take anything you already know about natural numbers and functions that operate on natural numbers, and apply it to prove things about statements and proofs. The precise mapping isn't actually important as long as you can prove that at least one such mapping exists. You never really want to calculate the number for a specific statement, you just want to be able to say "let *n* be the number which represents this statement" and know that such a thing exists. Godel's approach was to assign a number to each possible symbol you'd write in a statement. Perhaps we let the digits 1-9 be 1-9, then 0 can be 10, + can be 11, & times; can be 12, = can be 13, and so on. Then "2+2=4" gives you the sequence of numbers 2,11,2,13,4. You turn that into a single number by raising the first prime numbers to those powers and multiplying them together, giving you 2^(2)3^(11)5^(2)7^(13)11^(4). This is nice from a mathematical point of view because prime factorisations are nice. An alternative that's perhaps more intuitive in the age of computers is to just write the statement in a text file and treat that file as one long binary number. Unicode does the same job of mapping symbols to numbers, so we don't need to make up our own.


Question: If skin cells die and fall off everyday, how do we still have freckles and scars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If skin cells die and fall off everyday, how do we still have freckles and scars?

The same way we still have regular skin which acts differently in various locations (such as hair growth in some places and no hair in others)— it gets replaced with the same type of cell that is programmed to act the same way. Some of these things may seem like “flaws” (cosmetically or otherwise) but they are just following the body’s chemical signaling, or genetic makeup of the cells in that location. As far as the replacement cells are concerned you are “supposed” to have a freckle there so it stays. And when it comes to scars— they form during the (relatively fast) healing process when it may not be possible to fully, or quickly rebuild the underlying structure with the same circulation, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, etc to restore the original appearance and function... so scars can fade over time but there are good reasons why they persist and take a long time to heal.


Question: Why does our voice sound different when our nose is pinched or stuffy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does our voice sound different when our nose is pinched or stuffy?

Some sounds require air to escape our nostrils such as an mmmmm sound. When that area is impeded the sound needs to escape through your mouth making the sound strange. If you try to make a mmm sound whilst pinching your nose you will feel air accumulate in your mouth.


Question: Why do video game console makers lose money from consoles regardless of success and popularity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do video game console makers lose money from consoles regardless of success and popularity?

Because consoles are almost always sold at a loss. Making and marketing a home video game console is pretty damn expensive, and nobody expects to actually make a profit on the console. The point of the console is to get you into their game/media environment. Because games are basically all profit for the console manufacturers.


Question: How do composers write music?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do composers write music?

It's all a grand formula called music theory. With Hans Zimmer and most other composers the steps go kind of like this: find a theme, build a central melody and build around the melody. Finding a theme is first step of the creative process and a theme can be deliberately sought after by a composer or it can just come to them. Hans Zimmer wrote the score to the Dark Knight because he was paid to write a Dark Knight soundtrack. Beethoven wrote his fifth symphony because he was contemplating his life after going near deaf. Think of this as the overall spirit or personality of the piece. The next step is developing a melody or motif, this step often includes most of the technical structuring of the piece. This can include time signature, playing directives, key signature and tempo. Think about the iconic Dark Knight theme and how it fits the theme of the movie itself. Or perhaps think about the easily recognizable opening of the Fifth Symphony (short short short long) that reappears throughout the piece. This step is probably the most important step in the composition process and is the heart of the piece. The last step is usually to develop a harmony and 'background'. This includes most of minor instrumentation, bass line and beat. This step is important and it's what separates a good composer from a great one, however it isn't as central to the piece as the first two steps.


Question: how does eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit affect the global mean temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit affect the global mean temperature?

It doesn't, not really. Earth's orbit is almost circular, meaning it has very little effect on climate. Also, being closer or further away from the sun has even less of an impact than you might think. It's the tilt of the earth that has the biggest effect on weather.


Question: Reptiles are air breathing animals. However, when they're in an egg, they have no source of air like mammals do in the womb. How do they survive without air while developing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Reptiles are air breathing animals. However, when they're in an egg, they have no source of air like mammals do in the womb. How do they survive without air while developing?

When the egg is laid, it is very warm, as it cools, a thin membrane shrinks away from the interior, creating a pocket of air. The developing animal uses this air, and exhales CO2, which is pushed through millions of pores on the shell, allowing fresh air to come in. This is similar for both lizards and birds.


Question: "The core of the planet earth is made of iron and nickel": how scientists can determine that if no one has been in the core of the earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 "The core of the planet earth is made of iron and nickel": how scientists can determine that if no one has been in the core of the earth?

We have a pretty good idea about what's on the inside of the Earth, based on the geologist's equivalent of a CAT scan or an MRI -- earthquake data. When an earthquake happens, it sends waves bouncing around the inside of the planet. These waves change direction and speed based on the kinds of materials they pass through. Geologists can detect the movement of these waves by taking measurements at different locations all across the planet, and in so doing, build a picture of how the inside of the planet is constructed. That's how we know that the interior of the Earth is separated into four layers, that the innermost is made of something solid, and that at least one of them is an actual liquid. From here, scientists can use other information to get an idea of what elements the interior is actually composed of. Based on the estimated density of the solid inner core, we can guess that it's probably made of iron. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that iron appears to be exceedingly plentiful in the solar system. Given how plentiful it is, and given that we know it's a very dense element, and given what we know about how a dense metal like iron would behave in a still-molten Earth when it was forming, it makes sense that Iron is probably what our core is made of. We can guess a few more things about how the inner and outer cores behave, based on the fact that the Earth has a magnetic field. We know that the inner core must be rotating, and that the outer core must be convecting, because without those two things, the Earth would not have a magnetic field. So the existence of some external factors can tell us a lot about the internal factors of our planet.


Question: How do search engines find their URLs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do search engines find their URLs?

Search engines "crawl" the internet to search for content that will satisfy the user's search. Website devs need to optimize their website so they can be indexed (or "crawled") and they also includes optimizing the URL so it can be crawled. Optimizing (being relevant being one very key point) also helps your search engine result page (serp) rank increase (showing up as first result is most desired because 75% of us don't go beyond the first page of SERPs), but without going into marketing, that's the basics


Question: Why does a lacrosse ball's spin invert when it bounces?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a lacrosse ball's spin invert when it bounces?

It doesn't make a single point of contact, the spin means a successive series of points make contact and the rotating forces on these points push off from the surface meaning the spin is reflected.


Question: Why are 100%cotton button-down shirts made out of a different fabric than 100% cotton t-shirts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are 100%cotton button-down shirts made out of a different fabric than 100% cotton t-shirts?

Woven fabric vs. knit fabric is why button downs don't have the stretch that t-shirts do. Here's a blown up photo of [woven fabric]( URL_0 ), which has a grid look to it. And here's [knit fabric]( URL_1 ), which is interlocking loops. While these aren't cotton shirt material, you can see the difference in the fabric's structure.


Question: how does ibuprofen blocks pain differently than paracetamol?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does ibuprofen blocks pain differently than paracetamol?

Ibuprofen reduces the production of Cox-2, a hormone that creates inflammation. Paracetamol works by interrupting the signals to the brain that tells you that you have pain. This is why paracetamol doesnt do anything for inflammation and swelling.


Question: What is a value-added tax and how is it different from a sales tax?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a value-added tax and how is it different from a sales tax?

Sales tax is added to sales. Vat is added to each stage of production, and the to the consumer. It’s simply tax that is just passed down until it hits the consumer, put paid at each step.


Question: What discoveries did the famous mathematician Euler actually find?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What discoveries did the famous mathematician Euler actually find?

Euler did **a lot** for modern mathematics and some of his work is pretty abstract. His work on graph theory, for example, is pretty hard to explain at a low level simply because the topic itself is pretty abstract. It does have many useful application, though, e.g. in computer science, machine learning, and AI. His most famous contribution though, has to be either **the concept of a function**, or **Euler's formula** for complex numbers. Basically, for the first one Euler formalized, named, and established much of the notation we use when we're looking at some property or physical quantity and **how it changes and accumulates over time**. This is the branch of mathematics know as analysis - derivatives and integrals belong in here. The second one provides a way of transferring pretty much any trigonometric expression or relationship to a complex exponential form. This might not sound very astounding but anyone who's done a bit of complex analysis can assure you these complex exponentials are **way easier** to work with. Since pretty much **any** signal, oscillation, or varying quantity or whatever can be modeled with a finite sum of trigonometric functions using Fourier transform, Euler's formulas helps us turn that model into something we can easily manipulate. Basically, it makes a lot of otherwise hard (or even analytically unsolvable) math easy. There's really no understating how much our modern technology depends on this. Pretty much every single piece of electronic you have ever encountered has been facilitated through Euler's work.


Question: Why is the rescue of those boys from the cave in Thailand taking so long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the rescue of those boys from the cave in Thailand taking so long?

1. Many of them can't swim, let alone dive; 2. They are about 1 mile into the cave system and maybe 1/2 mile deep (or more); 3. It takes experienced divers from the Thai Royal Navy Seals 3 hours to get to them; 4. The strong currents, heavy mud and lack of visibility make it very dangerous even for professionals.


Question: How do animated movies stay up to date when they take multiple years to complete?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do animated movies stay up to date when they take multiple years to complete?

All the other movies are "outdated" too, so everyone ends up on a level playing field. Just like with videogames. And yes, this means that if your schedule takes longer than usual, you'll be behind the curve. This is what stalled Duke Nukem Forever. I think the effect is somewhat lessened in movies where there's a greater focus on story rather than technical animation.


Question: For people with solar panels, how does the electrical company buy power off you if you have more than enough?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 For people with solar panels, how does the electrical company buy power off you if you have more than enough?

I get credited at the end of the billing cycle for excess at a drastically lower rate then they sell it for


Question: What is the threshold for speed for an object on earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the threshold for speed for an object on earth?

hilariously at approximately 125'000 mph / 200'000 km/h a Manhole Cover is currently the fastest man made object ever inside our atmopsphere. URL_0


Question: It's said that a single strand of DNA contains roughly 4 megabytes of information. How exactly do they know this and how are bytes convertible to something physical like base pairs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 It's said that a single strand of DNA contains roughly 4 megabytes of information. How exactly do they know this and how are bytes convertible to something physical like base pairs?

Well, with only one of four nucleotides possible at any position on the strand (A, C, T, G), the nucleotide could be represented by a number 0, 1, 2 or 3, or the binary equivalent 00, 01, 10 or 11 (two bits per nucleotide). From there, it's just a matter of multiplying by the number of positions on the DNA strand for the total number of bits, and then dividing by eight to get bytes. The number still seems a bit off though, so perhaps I'm missing something.


Question: If I everything I see is inverted, then why is the sky considered up? Do we actually look down at the Sun?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If I everything I see is inverted, then why is the sky considered up? Do we actually look down at the Sun?

That's just because of the shape of your eye. The interior of your eye isn't flat, it have a concave shape. So the light from the sky, enter you eye and illuminate the bottom of your eye. The light from the ground enter your eye and illuminate the top of your eye. So your eye see everything upside down. You brain swap the image so you see it the right way. The only thing upside down is the image on your retina. The real world and how you see isn't upside down.


Question: How are those who use card skimmers and other means of fraud not immediately traced and prosecuted?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are those who use card skimmers and other means of fraud not immediately traced and prosecuted?

It can be extremely difficult to determine who placed a skimmer, especially if the placement was done stealthily. The skimmer itself should contain little to no personal details about who placed it. Some skimmers can communicate wirelessly and may never be physically retrieved by that person, making it difficult to trap the person. Once that person has credit card information, that person is likely to sell off the data to others, making it difficult to trace who originally captured the numbers.


Question: How old phones could turn theirselves on for alarm, whereas smartphones cannot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How old phones could turn theirselves on for alarm, whereas smartphones cannot?

It's all about permissions and what files an app can change. Apps can do a lot of things, like downloading stuff, access your camera, turn the screen on, play music etc. But there are some things that an app can't do because the Phone system does not allow it. Talking about Android here, I don't know how iOS and other OS work. In Android there are different layers of access. [Check this image here]( URL_0 ). You can see that in the bottom you have the Drivers like **POWER MANAGMENT** and then you have libraries, followed by FrameWorks and only then the Apps. Apps can use the Frameworks "at will". That why Facebook, Uber, Pokemon Go and other apps know your location: they get information from the *Location Manager*. Apps only have access to that layer of options, only that layer! About turning on the device. It was to do with the Power Management. And that is on the lowest layer possible, apps have no access to it. It is controlled only by the OS. You can't touch the files in that layer (YOU CAN, BUT APPS USUALLY CAN NOT!!). They need permissions that apps don't have. Otherwise virus could change that an Android OS would be a pretty vunerable system. **WHY OLD PHONE COULD DO IT?!** Because the Software was written FOR THAT PHONE (or a group of phones like symbian). There was only 1 app for watch, 1 app for calendar, 1 app for camera, 1 app for phone. etc. In Android there are zero apps that are hard-wired into the system. (Talking about standart Android, companies usually "tuned" it a bit) **TL;DR:** Check the image. Apps can only use the second from top layer. Turning on option is on the bottom so apps can't access that. Old phones software were made just for that purpose.


Question: Why does using an ad blocker cause the youtuber not to earn ad revenue? How does youtube know that ads are being blocked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does using an ad blocker cause the youtuber not to earn ad revenue? How does youtube know that ads are being blocked?

I'm not sure which method YouTube uses. But one common method of measuring ad displays is looking at how often an ad image is displayed. When you see an ad on a website, it means the image for that ad has been downloaded to your computer to display it in your browser. This download can be tracked on the server where the ad has been hosted. When you block ads, you prevent the displaying and thus downloading of the ad image. Which means it never gets counted as a displayed ad.


Question: Everyday we breathe CO2, and it's everywhere on our lives, but if you take away an Oxygen molecule and get CO, it becomes poisonous (Carbon Monoxide). Why is this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Everyday we breathe CO2, and it's everywhere on our lives, but if you take away an Oxygen molecule and get CO, it becomes poisonous (Carbon Monoxide). Why is this?

The reason why Carbon monoxide is dangerous is because it has a strong binding affinity to hemoglobine - the molecule that binds and transports oxygen through our blood. In fact, the affinity with Carbon monoxide is higher than oxygen. So what will happen is that your bloodcells will take up carbon monoxide in the lungs, instead of oxygen, and your blood will not contain enough oxygen for all your cells. CO2 has a far lower binding affinity to hemoglobin and is in fact used to regulate breathing. (High co2 in the blood causes us to breath more instead of low oxygen)


Question: Why are 32-bit PCs still being made when most programs are now strictly 64-bit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are 32-bit PCs still being made when most programs are now strictly 64-bit?

Legacy support mostly. It's not really an issue in the consumer space, but you'd be surprised the kinds of legacy crap enterprises carry forward because upgrading would be "too difficult" or "too expensive". I know of one group in my org who still uses Access 98 databases for business-critical functions. And until recently another group used a homebrewed DOS-based application to track the last 30 years worth of worker's comp claims.


Question: What is the role of an “engine” in videogame production?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the role of an “engine” in videogame production?

So, imagine you're a developer. You want to make a game, but you've never made one before. Where do you start? Game engines provide a pre-built scaffolding full of functionality that work out-of-the-box. Do you want Fog in your game? Unreal Engine has Atmospheric fog built in! ( URL_0 ) Rather than take the time to develop fog, which might take a developer weeks, you just use the functionality native in the engine. The same goes for various other concepts you might want to implement. Just the same, training developers is simpler if you use an engine. Has a developer previously worked on an Unreal Engine game? Great, they have a head start on your code-base and should only have to learn the things that you've done from scratch rather than your entire codebase.


Question: [Psychology?] Why do we as humans speak in a higher pitch to things we consider cute?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 [Psychology?] Why do we as humans speak in a higher pitch to things we consider cute?

We instinctively speak in a higher tone to human babies, to make ourselves less threatening to them. Speaking to other things like that is a consequence of that association.


Question: - how did space scientist know all these exist and where they are located? (Illustration of the extended universe provided)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - how did space scientist know all these exist and where they are located? (Illustration of the extended universe provided)

This is a highly stylized, artistic representation of the universe. Most of the things we know about the universe are derived from the photons (both visible and invisible) that reach us from outer space. This data is then interpreted with the help of physical theories, mostly General Relativity. We know that there are [clusters]( URL_1 ) of galaxies that are arranged in bigger structures, so-called [superclusters]( URL_2 ). We know this from the light emitted by these galaxies. We also know that the universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. The reason we know this is related to the finite speed of light. As the speed of light is finite, as opposed to infinite, it takes time for a distantly emitted photon to reach earth. Thus, the further we look in space, the farther we look back in time, since the time a photon takes to reach us corresponds to the distance of the source from which it was emitted. This allows us to chart the history of the universe by looking further and further outwards. And what we see is, that all galaxy clusters are moving away from all other galaxy clusters. This implies, that the universe is expanding. The furthest we can see is the [cosmic microwave background (CMB)]( URL_0 ). These photons were emitted at the instance the universe became cold enough to form neutral atoms and thereby became transparent to photons. This happened roughly 300,000 years after the Big Bang. The shape of the universe can be inferred from measuring the sum of the angles of triangles spanned by cosmic structures. If the sum of the angles is 180°, the universe is flat, if the sum of the angles exceeds 180°, the universe has a positive global curvature and if the sum of the angles is below 180°, the global curvature of the universe is negative. Please note that "flat" is not meant in the sense of 2-dimensional here. Rather, flat refers to an intrinsic geometric property of the universe, which, for example, results in parallel lines remaining parallel at all points.


Question: How do goalkeepers not break or dislocate their shoulders when they dive to stop the ball? Are there any precautions they take, or are they simply fit enough to be okay?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do goalkeepers not break or dislocate their shoulders when they dive to stop the ball? Are there any precautions they take, or are they simply fit enough to be okay?

It is really really easy to fall without breaking or dislocating your shoulder. Shoulders are pretty strong, and so long as you don’t get your arm in an awkward position (which can be avoided by just thinking about where you place it) then you will be just fine.


Question: Why did the police side with United Airlines?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did the police side with United Airlines?

It's a violation of federal law to not comply with crew instructions for one. Yes, United screwed up and the guy got screwed, but being stubborn and refusing to get off the plane doesn't help anybody.


Question: Is there any actual benefit of the increase in funding of the US military?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there any actual benefit of the increase in funding of the US military?

Increases in US military spending are a form of campaign finance quid pro quo where tax dollars are used to repay campaign contributions from military contractors once elected to office. US military spending never translates to better standards of living or levels of compensation for members of the military.


Question: Why do companies seem that they have no ethics and will do anything for money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do companies seem that they have no ethics and will do anything for money?

Because it is true. And that is not necessarily a bad thing. Companies are not immoral, they are amoral. They are a structure people invented to maximize profit, and that is exactly what they do. Problems can arise because a corporation can dilute moral responsibility. Each individual in the company can make moral decisions and you still wind up with what many would consider to be immoral results. That is why it is so important governments create rules for companies to followed and punish companies that do not.


Question: Why do FAT32 Drives can only have upper case letters on its name?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do FAT32 Drives can only have upper case letters on its name?

The really short answer is backwards compatibility. The longer answer is that the file names are not case sensitive, but the file system is case-insensitive. This means that a file named “file” and one named “File” are the same as far as the file system is concerned. Trying to save both of those files in the same directory would result in the second over-writing the first. If you’re wondering why commands like “dir” show everything in uppercase, it’s that backwards compatibility. However “file” was saved, it will be displayed as “FILE” for ease and consistency. In savvier programs, you should see the last case of the file as saved.


Question: If hard liquor like gin, vodka and whiskey are said to have no sugar or carbs, how does it impact your insulin levels and weight? Is the former just incorrect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If hard liquor like gin, vodka and whiskey are said to have no sugar or carbs, how does it impact your insulin levels and weight? Is the former just incorrect?

Between fermentation & distilation, there should be virtually zero carbs in hard alcohol. The body, however, breaks down alcohol for energy and *that* is what causes problems for diabetics & weight gain. A shot of vodka is roughly 100 calories. If you eat "normally" (ie - all you "need") and then have a few drinks every night, those calories add up over time.


Question: how/why do pot holes randomly form in the middle of straight flat roads where weight from vechiles would be evenly distributed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how/why do pot holes randomly form in the middle of straight flat roads where weight from vechiles would be evenly distributed?

Weight isn't necessarily what causes potholes. Expansion and contraction from heat causes cracks, and from there the break-up of material is inevitable. Different places will have different causes. I recently heard a guest speaker on NPR talking about how there were so many kinds of potholes. I'll see if I can find what I was listening to and link it. Edit - found it! [All Things Considered, March 14, 2019]( URL_0 ) > There's all kinds of modes of failure for pavement. What's likely the most common one in many parts of the nation where you have a street that's got multiple layers on it - we have this in Des Moines, where it's an older concrete street that's been overlaid with two inches of asphalt. What happens is, over time, the concrete and the asphalt shrink and grow at different rates as we experience temperature extremes. And then water will get in those cracks that are formed by that movement, and then it freezes and can pop out the top two inches of that asphalt. And > The most common ones are slab breaks, corner, you know, de-cracking, pop-outs, frost heaving. There's a whole menu of different ways that a street will fail.


Question: why do they scan you boarding pass when you buy stuff at the airport?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do they scan you boarding pass when you buy stuff at the airport?

It's worth noting that this only happens at duty-free shops. You purchase things (usually tobacco, alcohol, or other products that have a fair amount of taxes) without paying said taxes, with the understanding you'll pay them in the country you are going to. Most countries have an amount of product that can be purchased overseas without being taxed, though. Them scanning your boarding pass confirms you are actually going overseas and are not staying domestically (where you would need to pay the tax). You can read a little more about it at the wikipedia article for duty-free shops: URL_0


Question: What is the principle behind, "If you count it you change the outcome?" I've been seeing variations of this around lately and have no clue what it means.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the principle behind, "If you count it you change the outcome?" I've been seeing variations of this around lately and have no clue what it means.

There's a principle in human psychology / economics / business that whatever you track and incentivize, people will modify their behavior to take advantage of. If you start tracking the number of new accounts a salesman makes and promote or fire them based on that, but not how happy the customers are or how much they use the accounts, they'll start [lying to customers or even making up fake customer accounts]( URL_0 ) in order to meet their performance requirements. If you start making cruise ships pay for bilgewater dumping safely at ports, they'll [start dumping it unsafely]( URL_1 ) at sea. If you start giving all schoolchildren standardized tests that only test for a portion of what a well-rounded child should be capable of, the teachers will teach only what is on the test, and nothing else, and college preparation services will teach strategies for the test, and not actual useful knowledge, potentially making the schoolchildren more poorly-educated than they would have been without the test at all. It's important to select metrics that actually track what the goals of your organization are.


Question: Why do trees give fruits instead of just dropping the seed like flowers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do trees give fruits instead of just dropping the seed like flowers?

If it drops seeds then the new tree will be in direct competition with the parent tree. If it can convince other animals to carry its seeds far and wide it passes on its genetics without having increased competition.


Question: Why do people say to not land on water when falling from a high altitude?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people say to not land on water when falling from a high altitude?

Nope, not nearly gradual enough. The stopping distance is still very short, relative to your speed, making deceleration quite violent. I believe the record for surviving a high dive is just over fifty metres, with proper (professional stuntman, I believe)diving form. Edit: current record is thought to be 58.8 meters, 'pencil dive,' set by Laso Schaller in 2015. Sponsored by Red Bull, of course. Second edit: sweet nauseated Jesus, there's helmet cam footage: URL_0


Question: CBO Score and why is it so important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 CBO Score and why is it so important?

The Congressional Budget Office looks at proposed legislation and estimates how a bill would change the government's income and expenditures. It allows for informed decision-making by decreasing the likelihood of a bill being passed that has drastic, unintended consequences.


Question: When is a plant considered officially dead?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When is a plant considered officially dead?

I don't know that there is any official legal or technical declaration of plant death which is consistently followed. Usually individuals will consider a plant to be dead when as a whole it isn't able to recover from its current state even if some clippings may be viable.


Question: why can’t phone cameras just record horizontally whilst in a vertical orientation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why can’t phone cameras just record horizontally whilst in a vertical orientation?

The sensor is a rectangle, not a square, and it’s proportional to the phone’s rectangular dimensions. So when the phone is held vertically, the camera sensor is also vertical. If you wanted the image to be horizontal then you have to crop it, which means you’d be using less pixels than the sensor is capable of. That’s something you can easily do after taking the picture so most manufacturers don’t bother to complicate the picture taking software with that sort of option when taking a picture. Someone certainly could build a phone where the sensor was perpendicular to the camera orientation so that you could use the full sensor but probably not many people have ever requested that feature so it’s not going to be very common.


Question: why do ordinarily unexciting things become super interesting when one is procrastinating work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do ordinarily unexciting things become super interesting when one is procrastinating work?

So I'm not a psychologist or anything, but procrastination was described to me as a battle of self-control/motivation versus the negative effects of actually performing the task. When the negativities (anxiety, stress, fear of failure, exhaustion, etc.) outweigh our self-control and motivation to get the task done; we start to seek out other meaningless things to do (such as scroll through Reddit) in order to distract ourselves from all the stress. Eventually, the pressure to perform the task increases to a breaking point (usually as the deadline approaches) and our self-control/motivation kicks back in allowing us to stop procrastinating and actually do what we're supposed to.


Question: When a rocket slows down, what happens with the kinetic energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a rocket slows down, what happens with the kinetic energy?

You are completely right. When a rocket slows down it loses kinetic energy and that energy needs to go somewhere. When a rocket fires its engines it spews out a lot of propellant at high speed. When the engine is pointed in the direction of travel these exhaust gasses will get the speed not only of the rocket but also from the combustion in the engine. So the exhaust gases have a lot more kinetic energy then the rocket. This is because the rocket gives its kinetic energy to the propellant. And this causes the rocket to slow down.


Question: Why is it important for websites to verify that you're not a robot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it important for websites to verify that you're not a robot?

Spam bots are a common method of malicious online robot. They spam message boards or other internet sites with repeated advertisements (at best, more malicious things at worst). they also participate in phishing scams (where they try to steal your password/information). Those verification steps help cut down on those bad actors.


Question: Why do apples turn brown/red after cutting and leaving them in room temperature for a bit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do apples turn brown/red after cutting and leaving them in room temperature for a bit?

When an apple is cut open, an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase is released from the cells of the apple and reacts with the oxygen in the air. This causes it to turn brown. It's similar to rust forming on metal. But, if you put lemon juice on the slices, it helps slow down the browning. Lime juice works too. Both are high in vitamin c (ascorbic acid) and have a relatively low pH (acidic). Oxygen will work on the ascorbic acid in the juice before it works on the polyphenol oxidase in the apple, slowing down the browning of your apple slices.


Question: how does the moon control our tides? And what would happen without it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the moon control our tides? And what would happen without it?

Gravity weakens with distance, so the part of the Earth nearest the Moon is pulled by it more strongly than the center, which in turn is pulled more strongly than the far point. In effect, the Moon is pulling these two opposite points away from each other. Fortunately for us, this force is much weaker than Earth's self-gravity, but it does stretch the Earth and, obviously, the oceans more so. Similarly Earth exerts a tide on the Moon: its equator is not quite round, and the tide keeps its long axis pointing toward us.


Question: How is Russia able to do all the naughty things they do without much international intervention?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is Russia able to do all the naughty things they do without much international intervention?

No country wants a serious fight. Russia would be a actual threat. Because of this you also risk other countries that might not have been a issue becoming one as they join up with Russia or take advantage of others weakened by them. It's the same reason no one intercedes the US or China as well.


Question: How did we ALL know to blow into the NES game cartridge to get it to work again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we ALL know to blow into the NES game cartridge to get it to work again?

People generally had some understanding of electrical contacts and that if theyre dirty they wont work. Funny enough, youre actually not supposed to blow into cartridges, so we were all wrong.


Question: How does the water in bottle get old?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the water in bottle get old?

The water itself isn't an issue. The bottle, however, can begin to break down over time. This could leach plastic into the water. The water doesn't get old, but it can become contaminated by the old plastic bottle.


Question: How did we got to know that out of 10000+ mountains in Himalayas Mt. Everest is the highest one ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we got to know that out of 10000+ mountains in Himalayas Mt. Everest is the highest one ?

I'm sure it's possible today using satellites or whatever but back in the 19th century, surveyors used an instrument called a theodolite. Basically it's a telescope mounted on a stand which records precise angular measurements. All you need to do is stand at two or more points whose positions and elevations are known, point your telescope at the peak, record the angles, and do some trigonometry (there are other factors like light refraction you have to contend with, but this is ELI5). Using this technique, Everest was first correctly named the highest peak in the world in 1852. [Several other peaks]( URL_0 ) had been incorrectly named the highest in the past.