{"category":"Technology","question":"why do unused batteries slowly die out over time without being consumed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do unused batteries slowly die out over time without being consumed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"batteries make electricity by a chemical reaction between two reagents in a closed container. over time those reagents and the container degrade and are not longer able to make the reaction happen."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do they kill horses when they break their legs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do they kill horses when they break their legs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Horses and other large four-legged animals have issues with laying down for long periods of time. Sure, you will see them laying down here and there, but they can't sustain it for long periods. They end up with blood flow issues to large parts of their bodies. It also puts pressure on their internal organs. A broken leg would require a horse to be laying down for weeks, or even months. The rest of the horse simply can't handle doing that."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why can\u2019t a candidate be muted during a debate once it\u2019s another candidate\u2019s turn to speak?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can\u2019t a candidate be muted during a debate once it\u2019s another candidate\u2019s turn to speak?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Great question...I hope someone in the millions that watched America embarrass itself last night can answer."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it easier to darken white paint than it is to lighten dark paint?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it easier to darken white paint than it is to lighten dark paint?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Paint color works by removing light, adding just a small amount of black pigment can darken white pigment a lot because it goes from absorbing \\~0 light to more . But to lighten dark pigment you can only dilute the pigment."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"If dust is up to 80% human dead skin, why is it that attics\/basements and other isolated places seem to gather so much dust overtime?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If dust is up to 80% human dead skin, why is it that attics\/basements and other isolated places seem to gather so much dust overtime?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Probably because dust in an attic isn't 80% human skin cells. It's most likely stuff like fibreglass and other house-particles, and there's more of it because it doesn't get cleaned for years."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Where does the wax in candles go? I understand that it melts, but as a candle works down does the wax just turn into gas and evaporate?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does the wax in candles go? I understand that it melts, but as a candle works down does the wax just turn into gas and evaporate?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The wax is the fuel. The flame melts the top of the candle wax to liquid form, and the wick sucks it up into the flame, where it burns. Wax is an organic compound, formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. So when it burns, it reacts with oxygen from the air, and it forms CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water vapor)."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do republicans want to get rid of social security and medicaid?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do republicans want to get rid of social security and medicaid?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So they can the privatize them The 1% would make ungodly sums of money and they've been chomping at the bit to get their greasy hands on the money since their inception S"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Magnets. How do they work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Magnets. How do they work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are these imaginary lines called magnetic field lines .... if an object emit these lines then it is called a north pole ....and if an object absorbs these lines then its called a south pole .... if 2 opposite poles are brought together ...the magnetic field lines align ...which causes attraction ....when 2 same poles are brought together ...the lines are in opposite directions ....so they repel. That is all I know."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Can empirical rule be applied to discreet variables?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can empirical rule be applied to discreet variables?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The empirical rule applies only to normally distributed values. The normal distribution does imply a continuous distribution, however the common binomial distribution for discrete trials approaches a normal distribution for large enough sampling. For the probability of a single day having rain based on previous samplings on that day and location, I would imagine you would use the mean and standard deviation from those trials, but I'm not sure if it would be normally distributed."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What are those colorful dots you experience after putting pressure on your eyes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are those colorful dots you experience after putting pressure on your eyes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They are called \"Phosphenes\" URL_0 Basically, the cells in the back of your eye that respond to light, also respond to pressure. Your brain thinks there's light, because the light sensitive cells have been activated. What we see as light is just our brain's interpretation of the stimulus from our eyes. When we physically stimulate cells that are usually only stimulated when hit by light, our brain can't tell the difference."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do birds know which direction to fly when they head south for winter?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do birds know which direction to fly when they head south for winter?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Many birds have a sense of magnetic field that allows them to know direction and travel to the right place. Many sea turtles also have that sense. Many birds also have a sense of barometric pressure as well, which is why you can often birds leaving an area before a storm."} {"category":"Other","question":"How can someone trademark a common game, that they didn't create? (I am specifically thinking of Ken Ken","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can someone trademark a common game, that they didn't create? (I am specifically thinking of Ken Ken","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They're not trademarking the game. Just the name. If you were to release a completely different game, you would not be able to call in Ken Ken. It's the same as not being able to call any technology company Apple. Apple didn't invent the computer, but they have a brand that they're going to protect aggressively."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is harvard university so famous?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is harvard university so famous?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s the first university in the US. It\u2019s older than calculus. Plus, a lot of famous and successful people have gone there."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do Advil and Tylenol help with headaches and general pain relief, and does taking more make it work faster, last longer, or do nothing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do Advil and Tylenol help with headaches and general pain relief, and does taking more make it work faster, last longer, or do nothing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When a part of your body gets hurt, it tries to tell the closest police officer to use thier radio and tell the brain there is pain and make the roads a little bigger (called swelling) for the body's ambulances to come and heal you. Advil basically soaks up the noise from your body parts so the police officer can't hear them. Without police, the brain doesn't think there is pain and roads don't get as big. Once the Advil is full, it can't soak up any more noise. Taking a lot at once doesn't make it work faster because your tummy need time to send the Advil around your body. Taking more Advil, will soak up more noise, so it should last longer, but it isn't good for your body if you take too much. If your body is too quiet, and it starts to make a lot of mistakes. No one really knows how Tylenol works. some scientists think it soaks up noise like Advil. Some think it makes the police officer's radio go quiet. And some people think it yells at the brain so it can't hear the police officer... Edit: As imahawki pointed out, Advil is Ibuprofen, which operates in a similar way to Aspirin."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Where does memory actually go when you forget?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does memory actually go when you forget?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The neurons that make up the memory become other memories. A memory can be thought of as a lego house where each block is a neuron. The house(memory) exists because the blocks are put together in a certain way. You \"forget\" when your brain decides the lego house isn't useful anymore and disassembles it to make other lego structures. Edit to respond to the repeated question: this analogy applies to things you actually and truly forget. In the case of things you haven't thought about and can't recall in the moment but remember later. In that case \"forgetting\" is more like storing the lego house in the back of you closet and being unable to get to it when you want to play with it, remembering after that is more like digging the house out of the closet than rebuilding the lego house. Is it a perfect analogy? Nah fam, but it explains a super complex and actually not fully understood process in a way that a 5yo could understand, ya know, like the sub title says."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do most song lengths seem to fall between 2 and 4 minutes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do most song lengths seem to fall between 2 and 4 minutes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Much of the answer has to do with the length limitations of vinyl 7\" 45 rpm singles, which for many years were the primary means of promoting a single song. You can only fit about 3 minutes of music onto a 45 rpm single. So historically, if you wanted to write a hit pop song, you had to keep it under that length. More here: [Why Are Songs On The Radio About The Same Length?]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Cutting disks are so brittle they can be broken by hand, yet when they are spinning fast enough they can cut through steel. How is this possible?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Cutting disks are so brittle they can be broken by hand, yet when they are spinning fast enough they can cut through steel. How is this possible?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cutting disks are made out of ceramic materials. Bricks are a type of ceramic material as well. Ceramics are strong in compression, but weak in tension. As an example, you could put a lot of weight on top of a brick, like other the other bricks above it in a brick building, and it won't crush. But you can tap a hammer on a brick pretty easily and crack it. The type and direction of force matters. When a cutting wheel is spinning and cutting, the force on the wheel is a compressive force, which is how it is strong. But if you bend a cutting wheel, it's in tension, where it is weak."} {"category":"Economics","question":"- If some company were to start selling EpiPens at $100 instead of $600 would they not make tons of money from the millions of people wanting to only buy from them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - If some company were to start selling EpiPens at $100 instead of $600 would they not make tons of money from the millions of people wanting to only buy from them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Theoretically, yes. The medication is not patented, but \"EpiPens\" are. Competitors have been unable to succeed with alternatives and Mylan (the company responsible) holds strict rights over EpiPen production. The monopoly is what allows Mylan to jack up the price. If someone developed a similar and effective injection method, it still might not succeed because Mylan has contracts with most schools"} {"category":"Technology","question":"If we have strong enough encryption algorithms that would take 100s of years to crack, why do major cyber attacks continue to happen?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If we have strong enough encryption algorithms that would take 100s of years to crack, why do major cyber attacks continue to happen?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your information security is only as strong as your weakest link, and in the case of these most recent attacks... That weak link is humans. People are idiots and don't take security measures seriously. They are too lazy to pick a strong password because they don't want to have to learn how to re-type their passwords."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What's the difference between all the H_N_ diseases?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between all the H_N_ diseases?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Strains of influenza are characterized by two proteins that are on the outer surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) Hemagglutinin is how the virus attaches to and infects cells, sort of like a key opening a door. The neuraminidase is what allows newly synthesized viruses to escape the cell and spread to go infect other cells. There are several types of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase that can create 144 subtypes of Influenza A (ignoring B and C), from H1N1 to H9N16 and the H and N numbers represent which ones the virus has (each virus has one type of H and one type of N). When a person becomes infected with the influenza virus, their body's immune system responds by making antibodies to the specific H and N proteins, which then bind to the proteins, and block them from doing their job, stopping the virus in its tracks. When giving a flu vaccine, it must match the expected type of flu that will be circulating, because a vaccine for Influenza H3N2 won't protect against Influenza H7N9 for example. Tl;dr - H and N are 2 proteins that the influenza virus uses to make you sick. The H and N numbers indicate which of specific proteins the virus has."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Is there another type of wave besides the fluctuations in the electromagnetic field and the ones in the \"physical one\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there another type of wave besides the fluctuations in the electromagnetic field and the ones in the \"physical one\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In quantum mechanics, all matter acts as a wave. There's a wave that describes the position and momentum of anything. You also have waves that describe groups of particles, including their interactions. For instance, a photon (a wave) can combine with the wiggling of the molecules in a piece of glass (the wiggling is characterized by waves) to create a new wave that's the combination of both. The combined wave is called a polariton, which is a particle that has mass, which is why light travels slower through glass than a vacuum."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Could we theoretically create an infinite echo?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Could we theoretically create an infinite echo?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The perfect conditions would be a wall of atoms that will not move at all when bumped. Considering the fact that heat is defined by the movement of atoms, and we haven\u2019t yet got to absolute zero which is 0 heat energy, this is impossible. Any air atom hitting a solid atom will push it a bit causing it to heat up and taking away sound energy."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why is Pi irrational? What is it about the properties of a circle that causes its circumference to never be a precise ratio of its diameter?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Pi irrational? What is it about the properties of a circle that causes its circumference to never be a precise ratio of its diameter?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Here's another way to look at it. Rational numbers are ones that end with an infinite series of zeros (2.4000000...), or an infinite series of repetitions (0.1428571428571428571\u03054\u03052\u03058\u03055\u03057\u0305.....). Now, what is the chance that any value, chosen at random, would end in an infinite pattern? Effectively zero. So you would expect that rational numbers would be the rare and unusual ones. And that is what we find. Pretty much any mathematical constant - like Pi, e, phi and the square roots of every single non-square whole number, are irrational. So Pi being irrational is nothing special. Indeed, it would be really, really strange if it wasn't."} {"category":"Biology","question":"\u051ch\u0435n y\u043eu'r\u0435 \u0430\u0455l\u0435\u0435\u0440, \u051dh\u0430t \u0440\u0430rt \u043ef th\u0435 br\u0430\u0456n f\u0456lt\u0435r\u0455 th\u0435 n\u043e\u0456\u0455\u0435\u0455 y\u043eu h\u0435\u0430r, d\u0435t\u0435rm\u0456n\u0456ng \u051dh\u0435th\u0435r t\u043e \u051d\u0430k\u0435 u\u0440 \u043er n\u043et?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n \u051ch\u0435n y\u043eu'r\u0435 \u0430\u0455l\u0435\u0435\u0440, \u051dh\u0430t \u0440\u0430rt \u043ef th\u0435 br\u0430\u0456n f\u0456lt\u0435r\u0455 th\u0435 n\u043e\u0456\u0455\u0435\u0455 y\u043eu h\u0435\u0430r, d\u0435t\u0435rm\u0456n\u0456ng \u051dh\u0435th\u0435r t\u043e \u051d\u0430k\u0435 u\u0440 \u043er n\u043et?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So each sensory response in your brain is controlled by neurons, which create a electrical change that triggers a response. The central nervous system, which contains your spine and brain, controls the response to these signals. Of course, not all signals create a response. As expected, reactions to most stimuli are lowered in deeper stages of sleep. However, some stimuli will cause you to wake up, such as the sound of an alarm clock or your name. This is controlled by the thalamus, a blob that sits in the middle of your brain. Usually, when you're awake, the thalamus will take the input from your senses (except your sense of smell) and send them to the sensory cortex (the part of the brain that processes these signals). During deep sleep, the thalamus blocks most signals, except certain stimuli like your name, which you are expected to respond to, or the sound of an alarm. Let me know if any of this was confusing. sources: [here]( URL_0 ) and [here]( URL_1 )"} {"category":"Physics","question":"What would happen if we really \"nuked\" hurricanes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What would happen if we really \"nuked\" hurricanes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We'd have a hurricane with a fair amount of radioactive fallout in it. Very little else would happen; hurricanes are very large, and already output the equivalent of megatons of energy each day *at the least*. You would do less harm and have as much of an effect by literally pissing at one."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do airport codes work when there are 17,678 commercial airports but only 17,576 possible combinations of letters?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do airport codes work when there are 17,678 commercial airports but only 17,576 possible combinations of letters?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"IATA codes are only used for airports that have scheduled passenger service. Pilots use ICAO codes for airports. Ticket booking and baggage systems use IATA codes and there are only about 3000 airports that need those."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why\/how do we involuntarily scream when we're scared?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why\/how do we involuntarily scream when we're scared?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We talked about this in a Psychology class I took. Supposedly, it's an innate, near-primitive response to fear. It supposedly originated with recognizing a threat to wellbeing and needing to alert our caretakers (usually our parents). Babies do exhibit many characteristic responses that are theorized to have reasons passed down by evolution as well, so I don't doubt it."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"how do fireworks engineers predict what the explosions will look like?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do fireworks engineers predict what the explosions will look like?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you look at a firework charge cut in half for display purposes [like this one]( URL_0 ) each little shape of black powder there is placed in a certain location and isolated by little paper barriers to control the order and timing of explosion. So the big lump of powder at the bottom shoots it up into sky. The fuse that goes up the middle takes so long to burn, but we know how far it will go because of the mass of the firework and how much powder at the bottom blew it up there. So once the fuse up the middle has burned its way to the center, its a few seconds later and the powder in the middle goes kablooie which shoots the other layers outwards and each little pellet or block of powder will be a distinct little sparkle or flare or possibly a miniature explosion itself. So controlling the delay and trigger order and fusing and physical structure of the charge and how fast each pellet burns will give you various results. This all happens in a spherical shape for a bunch of reasons - spheres fly pretty well (in a straigh up direction) and you don't have to worry if it develops a spin. Like everything you could make a _directional_ firework, but that would bring in complications in getting it to keep its orientation as it flies upwards. You can make fireworks that explode into flat planes oriented in a particular direction, but what if a flat plane of fire would up being oriented edge-on to the majority of your audience? not very exciting. So the majority of fireworks will look good no matter how the charge faces once it reaches its fuse height."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do showers\/baths refresh and energize?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do showers\/baths refresh and energize?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We are imprinted from birth (and from shared genetic behavior) that cleaning is caring. Mother or Father both increase levels of attention and care when cleaning their young. This reenforces the social connect and yields a positive interaction. That behavior is then carried forward to older independent self-care rituals like bath and shower. It's further reinforced by the isolating ones self from sources of stress and personal rituals marking that time as a moment of self-care."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is it common for teachers and nurses to unionize, but not, e.g., architects or lawyers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it common for teachers and nurses to unionize, but not, e.g., architects or lawyers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you have a lot of people working for a single employer there arises the possibility where the employer could impose unfair wages or bad working conditions. So the workers collectively bargain with the employer to have better working conditions and pay - they form a union. Architects are mostly self-employed or work in small studios, so there isn't a critical mass of workers that need to be organized. The same applies for lawyers in smaller law firms. Engineers (IT mostly) and Lawyers in bigger law firms are highly sought after and work in a competitive field. They have the luxury of going away and working for someone else (in contrast to nurses and doctors - there are only so many hospitals). Companies compete in providing the best perks to employees just to lure more of them in. So there is no need to form unions. At least not right now :)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is a checksum and how does it work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a checksum and how does it work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You can try checksums yourself with a credit card number: URL_0 Double every other number starting with the 2nd then add all of the resulting digits (so 12 would be 1+2). The result will be a multiple of 10. Always. If you miss or swap a digit, the checksum is off (not a multiple of 10). That allows web pages to detect typos immediately, rather than spend time (and money) looking it up in the credit card network."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How is an American 18 year old student, fresh out of high school, even remotely allowed to start taking on $5,000+ in debt every year for the purpose of higher education?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is an American 18 year old student, fresh out of high school, even remotely allowed to start taking on $5,000+ in debt every year for the purpose of higher education?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Questions about the US are generally better in r\/askanamerican."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it harder to sing in a secondary language despite having a certain level of proficiency in it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it harder to sing in a secondary language despite having a certain level of proficiency in it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Singing in a language uses a different part of the brain than speaking it. You will find with Choirs that many people sing in foreign languages without being able to speak said languages at all. They are taught how to sing the specific words in a specific manner and no language processing is occurring for them, just music production."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why do you feel more refreshed after cold showers compared to the hot ones ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do you feel more refreshed after cold showers compared to the hot ones ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is very subjective, for some people cold showers aren't refreshing and hot showers are. How good a shower feels is often situational, for me if I have been outside sweating and am uncomfortable warm then I like a cold shower. If I am covered in grease and grime then a hot shower is preferred. With that said lets talk about what happens when you take a cold shower versus a hot one. Regardless of temperature when you shower you are exfoliating your skin and cleaning away accumulated sweat and grime. What is different with a cold shower is that you are causing the pores in your skin to contract as opposed to open like they would with a hot shower. A cold shower also lowers your body temperature, both the surface temperature of your skin and your core body temp. If you are hot, sweaty and covered in dirt a cool shower would clean off the dirt, cool you down and lower your temp enough that you no longer are sweating. Sounds pretty refreshing to me!"} {"category":"Other","question":"How are polls of around 1500 people regarding political opinions kept as accurate as possible? It seems that it isn't a high enough sample to get an accurate average.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are polls of around 1500 people regarding political opinions kept as accurate as possible? It seems that it isn't a high enough sample to get an accurate average.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If that sample of 1500 people is truly randomly picked out of the population, you can actually get extremely accurate estimates of the overall population's feelings. When you take a sample of random draws from a distribution (such as selecting random people's answer to a question like \"who will you vote for\"), the average of that sample will approach the average of the overall population and be approximately distributed according to the normal distribution with a mean equal to the true population mean and a variance equal to the true variance of the overall population and the square root of the sample size. The above may have sounded like a bunch of arcane statistics (it is), but here's the meat: When we look at a sample of people, assuming they're randomly drawn from the population, the average views of that population are strongly mathematically related to the average views of the sample. The chance that the sample mean is different from the true population mean can be estimated. That's what a confidence interval does. We are 95% sure that our population mean lies within a particular distance from our sample mean. That distance is determined by the sample size and our estimate of the population variance. Even with a sample of roughly 300 people you can get a very small margin of error. The above is just math and is provable (and has been proven). The caveats to political polls are as follows: * If the sample is not random, you will get a biased estimate * If the question you ask is not artfully worded, you may be getting the answer to something different from what you think you're getting the answer to. If I ask \"Do you like dogs?\" and \"Would you like owning a dog?\" you would likely get very different answers even though it would be fairly easy to pass the results off as measuring the same thing."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why does desktop Windows 10 not support dynamic backgrounds when they are such a common feature in mobile OS?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does desktop Windows 10 not support dynamic backgrounds when they are such a common feature in mobile OS?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"it might have if it came out in the dark days of cursor packs and desktop buddies. fortunately the desktop world has matured a bit and doesnt regard such gimmicks as a priority anymore. hopefully the mobile world will catch up soon"} {"category":"Other","question":"How do companies afford to give away their products for free?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do companies afford to give away their products for free?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"**True ELI5:** At the grocery store, they give away free samples. They open a box and give 40 people each a bite. Two of those people each buy a box. So, it cost them one box, but they sold two boxes. So, they made money even though they gave something away for free. **ELI slightly older than 5:** In marketing, you think of these promotions in terms of three variables: cost of promotion, revenue from sale, and odds of sale. I might not be using the common names for the variables there, but that's the idea. Multiply the odds of sale by the revenue from a sale to get the amount of money they expect to make from giving away one thing for free. That number has to exceed the price of giving one thing for free. For example: it costs a company $5 to send a free sample. They expect 5% of people to buy based on that sample, and from each person that buys, they expect to make $120 in revenue. If they send the $5 product to 20 people, it costs $100, and they expect one of those people to spend $120 -- so, they net $20. Multiply those numbers by 100,000 and while they might pay $500,000 to give stuff away for free, they make $600,000. The related question is why this seems more common nowadays than it used to be. The answer is that technological advances especially in supply chain engineering and in shipping have made it cheaper to give away stuff for free than it has been in the past. So, the cost of promotion has dropped, and they can expect to make more money when they do these promotions. That, in turn, raises customers' expectations, to the point where companies must give these samples to compete. And even when the company's predictions are wrong, they still get valuable information on which samples sell products. The simpler example above doesn't leave anything out: it's the exact same equation, it's just that it used to be far cheaper to hand free samples out in a store than to mail free samples to people's homes. That's not the case anymore. Now, it's really cheap to mail free samples, too."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Can you actually train yourself to need less sleep, or are you just learning to be able to function with less?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can you actually train yourself to need less sleep, or are you just learning to be able to function with less?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"People who are chronically sleep deprived have lower cognitive capability in scientific studies. After a long time of sleep deprivation, the body and brain will begin to \"get used\" to feeling tired, but the cognitive effects (and increased mortality) remain. In other words: it *feels* like you get used to it, but you never do"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is China so capitalist when the country is one of most well known communist states on Earth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is China so capitalist when the country is one of most well known communist states on Earth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"China hasn't been communist since the early 90's. it's more capitalistic than alot of western countries now. the ruling party is still named the Communist Party, but their doctrines are now mostly government oversighted capitalism."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does the Mafia make money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the Mafia make money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Historically, the businesses that were the most stable and reliable for organized crime were prostitution and gambling, as well as liquor during Prohibition. This was because average people tolerated them and so cops and judges were willing to take bribes not to go after them. To some extent loan sharks were also tolerated, typically as a side business on top of gambling since the gamblers were often in need of money, but the violence of loan sharks made it shadier. But instead of directly running businesses like this, stronger gangsters would force weaker ones to pay them \"protection\" money. In theory, paying protection money meant that the gangster you paid would protect you from other gangsters, which might be necessary because you're a criminal and you can't go to the cops without incriminating yourself. In reality, you paid them or *they* would burn your business down, beat you or your employees up, and maybe kill you if you kept refusing. And if other gangsters did try to get money from you, they might not even protect you then: They might use it as an excuse to demand even more money, or to make you sell out to them completely. This is under the general heading of an \"extortion racket.\" They would also steal cars; hijack cargo trucks and sell the goods on the street; conduct armed robberies of banks and other businesses; and also burglaries. But they would do it far enough away from the neighborhoods they controlled to avoid suspicion, to maintain relationships with the community, and because they sometimes would protect the people who paid them by driving out smaller-time crooks. The big ticket became drug trafficking in the mid-20th century, and a lot of sources credit this change with destabilizing organized crime, making it a lot more violent and chaotic. Because of all the violence and law enforcement attention, some avoided it, and some split the difference by just making drug dealers pay them protection. They would also take over legitimate businesses like night clubs to launder money from their criminal businesses, and sometimes made them profitable in their own right. Some of them became places to retire for old members who didn't want to take risks anymore. In modern times they've been involved in credit card fraud, phishing scams, stock fraud, and more complicated electronic things. Basically they just do anything illegal that makes money, plus anything legal that makes money as long as someone else does the work (because even smart criminals are incredibly lazy people)."} {"category":"Other","question":"Bananas are naturally radioactive, is there anything about eating a banana everyday that could be bad in the long run regarding radiation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Bananas are naturally radioactive, is there anything about eating a banana everyday that could be bad in the long run regarding radiation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So there's a joke about radioactivity called the 'Banana Equivalent Dose' A lethal dose is like 25-50 Million Bananas. But it's actually more, because if you just ate a ton of bananas, the human body is really good at not holding on to excess potassium, so eating one of eating 10 is essentially the same, your body just tosses out the excess. It's only radioactive because potassium decays, so all potassium sources are radioactive, and you need potassium to live basically...so, you're stuck"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why can we visibly see steam, but can\u2019t see air normally outside? And why is it sometimes we can see the shadow of exhaust (like from a bus) but not exhaust itself?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why can we visibly see steam, but can\u2019t see air normally outside? And why is it sometimes we can see the shadow of exhaust (like from a bus) but not exhaust itself?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you can see steam, what you\u2019re seeing is tiny drops of water being carried upward by the invisible water vapor. Since the air around steam is usually cooler than the steam, as soon as it evaporates tiny drops of water will condense out of the steam. It\u2019s basically a cloud being carried up by hot air. The air outside usually has much less water vapor in it relative to its temperature. However, if there is a lot of water vapor in the air and it is a cold day, you will see the water vapor condense into fog. That\u2019s also tiny droplets of water. As to the shadows, those happen because exhaust is much hotter than the surrounding air. This heat means that light travels at a different speed through the exhaust, and when light moves from a medium where it travels at one speed to a medium where it travels at a different speed, it bends, or refracts. You see the effect of that refraction as a shadow on the ground. For a similar effect, try holding a pair of glasses a short distance above the ground on a sunny day. They bend the light, creating a shadow."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is the difference between bodywash for men and bodywash for women or, shampoo for men and shampoo for women?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between bodywash for men and bodywash for women or, shampoo for men and shampoo for women?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Scents and price points. Marketing, essentially. Once you get to the salon quality hair products, it's all unisex because men's hair isn't structurally different from women's hair. & & Pretty much every soap ever is the same idea with maybe a scent or salicylic acid thrown in for pizzazz. It just all comes down to packaging and so forth."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is there only red paprika?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there only red paprika?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because ripe peppers you make paprika from are red. You can eat them green or yellow, but they are only fully ripe when red. So you pick the ripest, most flavorful ones to dry (because some of that flavor will be lost in drying)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"- Why do soap operas look different on TV compared to all other shows?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why do soap operas look different on TV compared to all other shows?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"they are shot in higher frames, so it looks more fluid, and that makes it look like you are there watching them shoot a scene instead of watching a scene in a movie\/tv show"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does a harmonic series diverge while the sequence converges?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a harmonic series diverge while the sequence converges?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The clearest way to see this is with a comparison test. The harmonic series is 1 + 1\/2 + 1\/3 + 1\/4 + 1\/5 + ... Now consider the sum: 1 + 1\/2 + 1\/4 + 1\/4 + 1\/8 + 1\/8 + 1\/8 + 1\/8 + 1\/16 + ... + 1\/32 + ... + 1\/64 + ... This sum is clearly smaller than the harmonic series. But you can group the terms of this sum as 1 + (1\/2) + (1\/4 + 1\/4) + (1\/8 + 1\/8 + 1\/8 + 1\/8) + (1\/16 + ... + 1\/16) + (1\/32 + ... + 1\/32) + ... which equals to 1 + (1\/2) + (1\/2) + (1\/2) + ... This is an arithmetic series which always diverges, but is less than the harmonic series at the same time, so the harmonic series must also be divergent."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How can we tell how many light years away something is?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can we tell how many light years away something is?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They use parallax measurements. As the Earth moves around the Sun, it causes our angle to distant objects to change. My tracking that change in angle, we can use trigonometry to figure out how far away the thing that we're looking at is. Try it yourself, look at a nearby object and walk around the room a bit while keeping your eyes on it. You see how you have to move your head to keep track of it. Now go outside, and look at a distant object. Walk around a little bit, and you'll see that you have to change the way your looking a lot less to keep it in sight. If you know exactly how the angle changed, and exactly how you moved, you could calculate exactly how far away the object is."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do things in orbit tend to align in a ring shape? eg. Galaxies, Jupiter's ring","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do things in orbit tend to align in a ring shape? eg. Galaxies, Jupiter's ring","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you take a big cloud of stuff out in space gravity will tend to pull all of it towards the gravitational center of the mass, which will become spherical as everything pulls on everything. All this stuff tends to be moving in different directions, but as gravity pulls everything together these movements in different directions are cancelled out by each other. Now this cancelling out won't be perfect, because the initial movements won't be perfectly equal in all directions, so what's left over is some level of residual spin to the sphere. The spin causes a bulge to appear along the \"equator\" of the spinning sphere, creating a general plane with a bunch of stuff in it, and it will start the process over on a smaller scale. So a galaxy tends to have a spherical bulge at the galactic core, followed by a galactic plane full of stars. Stars tend to be a sphere with a bulge along a solar plane which are full of planets or asteroids. Planets tend to be a sphere with a bulge along it's planetary plane that tends to create moons or rings."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"On a technical level, why is charcoal (from wood) a better fuel than the very dry raw wood it comes from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n On a technical level, why is charcoal (from wood) a better fuel than the very dry raw wood it comes from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Wood has a lot of random shit in it. Water, volatile chemicals, plant garbage. When it burns, this stuff doesn\u2019t burn well and you get a lot of smoke and ash in the flame. If you\u2019re just interested in the heat of the fire to stay warm or cook something, then this is fine and the wood is cheaper and more readily available. Sometimes you don\u2019t want a dumb smokey fire though. Maybe you\u2019re a medieval blacksmith who needs to temper steel with a hot, clean flame. Maybe you\u2019re grilling meat and don\u2019t want it to taste like wood ash when you\u2019re done. Whatever the reason, if you need a clear, hot flame you\u2019ll need to drive all the water and volatiles out of the wood *before* you burn it. That process creates charcoal, a carbon-rich fuel that burns hot and clean."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If antibacterial soaps are banned, what is \u2018hand soap\u2019 actually doing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If antibacterial soaps are banned, what is \u2018hand soap\u2019 actually doing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You've got a field filled with rabbits, and they're eating your crops. Antibacterial agents and hand sanitizers are like poisoning the rabbits. The problem is that dead rabbit bodies are still strewn about, and some of the rabbits survive the poisoning, and their kids will also be good at surviving poisoning. And rabbits hold a grudge. Scrubbing your hands with soap is like flooding the rabbit holes, and physically washing them off of your field. The advantage is that rabbits don't blame you for floods, and their kids don't grow up flood-resistant. That is the strangest analogy I've ever thought of."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do apps like Venmo charge a fee for instant transfers versus an slower transfer that could happen in any range of time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do apps like Venmo charge a fee for instant transfers versus an slower transfer that could happen in any range of time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"TL;DR: there are several funds transfer mechanisms (\"payment rails\") in the US. Instant transfers use the credit card networks to send money -- which does cost more to use. In the US, the most common payment rail is called \"ACH\" (Automated Clearing House). ACH uses a \"batch process\" -- meaning many payment transactions (both debits and credits) can be processed together in batches. While efficient, ACH payments are not instant. The average ACH transfer takes 1-2 days to complete (and can take up to 5 days). More recently, ACH supported \"same day\" transfers at an increased cost, but it's still not \"instant\". Another common way to send payments is via the credit card networks, e.g., the Visa and Mastercard networks. Since they are designed to handle credit card transactions, these networks are designed to operate \"instantly\" (in real time). When companies like Venmo sends payments to your bank, they will typically use ACH because of the lower cost. But if you want \"instant\" transfers, then Venmo sends the money using one of the credit card payment rails (Visa or Mastercard). However, Visa & Mastercard charge a per transaction fee (%) to Venmo for using their networks, so Venmo must in turn \"pass on\" the cost to you the consumer. Note: there's a relatively new payment rail in the US called \"Real-Time Payments\" (RTP) that promises to deliver \"instant payments\" at a lower cost. However, RTP isn't yet available to every bank. As of today about 60% of US checking\/savings accounts can receive RTP."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How is it not dangerous to breathe in the CO2 that we breathe out into our masks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is it not dangerous to breathe in the CO2 that we breathe out into our masks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Think about the fact that when we perform CPR we are literally exhaling directly into their lungs. If there was enough CO2 in a human exhale to harm someone why would we perform life saving CPR with that exhale? Our exhale does have some CO2 in it but our exhale is also still full of O2, we don't use all of the O2 we inhale and whatever isn't used comes back out in our exhale. The average human exhale is entirely safe to breathe in, it just is, which is why we're able to use it to save people's lives with CPR."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How do mathematicians and physicists come up with page long equations such as the \"Standard Model Equation\"? Where do they start and how do they test these equations for accuracy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do mathematicians and physicists come up with page long equations such as the \"Standard Model Equation\"? Where do they start and how do they test these equations for accuracy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They start out by taking smaller mathematical equations that explain some specific phenomenon accurately. Then they grab multiple of these and attempt to combine them using overlapping variables and as they do this more and more you can get longer and longer equations. You then test each part for accuracy and each combination, if each initial equation is accurate, and check each combination to see if it creates any errors for the calculations of known test cases and if it doesn't then you continue on with more combinations and checking. This added with many people coming and scrutinizing these equations to make sure they are accurate you get very long equations that can either explain a variety of things, or you can have a very long equation that explains one very specific thing very well. Specifically how Lagrangian form of the standard model is written is a composite of 5 parts that explain the interactions of things like gluons, Bosons in order to explain the weak and strong nuclear force, along with parts of it explaining how particles interact with virtual particles and artifacts and such. Specifically, I don't know much about it, nor am I qualified to explain how that equation is written as that I simply don't know\/understand."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does a evaporative cooler work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a evaporative cooler work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you leave the shower and enter a cool room, you feel way colder when your skin is still wet, than later when it dries a little. That's because evaporation is endothermic, which is to say that for a droplet to evaporate, it \"sponges\" heat away from its environment. In this case, it's on your skin, so you're the environment it steals heat from. That's the basic idea - create a film of liquid and as it evaporates, it'll cool the surface it was on. [EDIT] I suck at Latin."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do abortion pills work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do abortion pills work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's three pregnancy related pills that people talk about, only one of which is an abortion pill. **Oral contraception:** Contains estrogen and progesterone and prevents ovulation, which is the the release of an egg. If there is no egg, sperm has nothing to combine with so there is no fertilization. This is not an abortion pill. It doesn't end pregnancy, just prevents it from happening. **Morning-after pill:** Contains levonorgestrel, which is a progesterone only pill. It works by preventing the release of an egg and making it harder for the sperm to get inside the egg. It might also make the mucus lining of the uterus thicker so it's harder for the egg to implant on the wall, but no one knows for sure if it actually does this. It can prevent pregnancy, but it can't stop a pregnancy in progress. **Abortion pill:** Combination of mifepristone and misoprostol. It attaches to the same receptors as progesterone. Progesterone is a hormone that tells the uterus to maintain a uterine lining that supports the growth of an implanted fertilized egg. If mifepristone attaches instead, it stops the progesterone from attaching, thus blocking the uterine lining. To put it another way, the uterus builds a log cabin for the baby to grow in. It keeps getting a signal not to destroy the log cabin. But mifepristone blocks that signal, the uterus decides it would rather tear down the cabin, which means the growing embryo has no place to live anymore. This pill actually stops the pregnancy."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What actually IS plasma? And how can it be in the sun but also be in TV's?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What actually IS plasma? And how can it be in the sun but also be in TV's?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Plasma is a mixture of ionized (positively charged) gas and electrons (negatively charged). In plasma TVs the gas is neon and xenon. In the sun, the gas is hydrogen. In a plasma TV, the plasma is stored in tiny chambers. A plasma TV produces visible color by forcing all of the gas ions to one side of a tiny chamber using an electric field (similar to a magnet). When gas ions are forced together, they release energy in the form of ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet light is converted into a color dot (pixel) of visible light by chemicals that coats each plasma chamber called phosphors."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How does water evaporate from puddles if it boils at 100 degrees? Are individual molecules being heated to that by the sun's rays?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does water evaporate from puddles if it boils at 100 degrees? Are individual molecules being heated to that by the sun's rays?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You are quite close. Individual molecules can be heated by the suns rays. But evaporation happens even without sunlight. Whenever molecules bump into each other they transfer thermal energy between themselves. But these transfers can be quite chaotic and it is not unusual for one molecule to get a lot of thermal energy in the collision. Most of the time this would equalize again in the next round of collisions as the molecule would give away its thermal energy to another molecule. However sometimes the molecule that ends up with lots of energy is close to the surface and may end up getting away from the surface before it hits another molecule. That is mainly how things evaporate."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What is a ground in terms of electricity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a ground in terms of electricity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Everything in nature, including electricity takes the easiest path to get from point A to point B. Normally electricity is contained within hot and neutral wires. However when something goes wrong, the electricity can escape this natural path, and has to go somewhere. The ground wire makes it more likely that the electricity goes safely away from you and into the ground, rather than into your body. This is how lightning rods work, they provide a quicker path for lightning to get where or wants to go, rather than hitting randomly and causing problems."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why does the end of the financial year not coincide with the end of the calendar year?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the end of the financial year not coincide with the end of the calendar year?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A business can choose when it starts it's fiscal year. It doesn't have to follow the calendar year. Ending a fiscal year in Feb or March allows you to not have to cram alot of year end work into the holiday season when alot of employees are on vacation."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do they form the giant snow ramps at the Winter Olympics? And how do they prevent it from wearing down from use while still allowing it to be soft enough to land\/crash on without breaking every bone in your body?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do they form the giant snow ramps at the Winter Olympics? And how do they prevent it from wearing down from use while still allowing it to be soft enough to land\/crash on without breaking every bone in your body?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"For starters, they typically have solid molds that are covered in a lot of snow in order to keep the jumps from changing. The angles of the jumps and landing ramps are calculated, but the landing part is still the responsibility of the rider."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does it take such a short amount of time to get drunk, but edibles (cannabis) can take upwards of hours to take effect?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does it take such a short amount of time to get drunk, but edibles (cannabis) can take upwards of hours to take effect?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It comes down to how your body absorbs the different chemicals. THC can be absorbed very quickly through the mouth in the form of tinctures and some candies. That is because the THC is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream through your mouth's mucus membrane. However, if you eat a brownie, the THC is absorbed through your gastrointestinal tract. Basically, you have to digest the cookie and the liver will process the THC. Hence why a cookie takes so much longer to take effect. Now alcohol is absorbed through your intestinal tract, specifically the small intestine absorbs ~80% of the alcohol, this can still take a little time but is still quicker. Additionally the other 20% is absorbed very quickly through the stomach, and even starts being absorbed in the mouth. I am not a doctor, but I did have to get my \"liquor license\" for my job, and also listened to a podcast about cannabis. I believe it was a StuffYouShouldKnow episode. Hope this helps."} {"category":"Other","question":"what is Novamin in toothpaste, how does it work, and is it a permanent solution?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is Novamin in toothpaste, how does it work, and is it a permanent solution?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The hard and protective outer surface of teeth \u201cenamel\u201d is sometimes worn down and very small tunnels, or tubes, that are usually hidden under the enamel are exposed. The tubes are called tubules and it is often painful or uncomfortable when they are exposed, to cold drinks or salt, sweet or acid foods. Novamin consist of very small glass-like particles, a material not very different from the enamel that protects the tooth. The Novamin particles will clog the small holes (exposed tubules, remember?) and stop liquids and salts from entering. So the bad sensation in the teeth is stopped as the tunnels can no longer be reached. If you stop brushing your teeth with Novamin toothpaste, the particles will naturally wash away from the exposed tubules and the icing sensations will reappear in a few days."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do some wind turbines, when all faced the same direction, turn while others do not? Furthermore, why do they all seem to turn at the same speed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some wind turbines, when all faced the same direction, turn while others do not? Furthermore, why do they all seem to turn at the same speed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They might not be turning for at least two reasons: 1) they have been commanded offline for maintenance, because the power isn't needed, ...; 2) the local wind sensor on the turbine doesn't detect the minimum wind needed to generate minimum power because or hills, wind currents, spoilage from other turbines, ... . The wind turbine has a rotation rate that extracts the maximum energy, as a function of windspeed. If all the turbines are made by the same company, and they are all in the same wind, then that optimization process is likely to have them turning at very similar rates."} {"category":"Technology","question":"In the context of video games, what exactly are unused assets, and how are they discovered by gamers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In the context of video games, what exactly are unused assets, and how are they discovered by gamers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"What are unused assets? images, sound files, algorithms, data (items, areas, characters, etc) and other stuff that isn't used and doesn't appear during normal gameplay. It may have been intended for inclusion in the game but removed at some point for any number of reasons. How are they discovered by gamers? By poking around in the actual files the game stores on your computer. These are often compressed with standard packaging tools so they can be uncompressed\/unpackaged with free tools. A lot of games are built around universal engines (e.g. the Mass Effect series was built on Unreal Engine 3) which have freely available specifications, including ones for how files get processed by the engine."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"what is the difference between MDMA and SSRI\u2019s in the brain? Why is one a party drug and one a medicine?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is the difference between MDMA and SSRI\u2019s in the brain? Why is one a party drug and one a medicine?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As a brief primer, neurotransmitters work like little messengers. They send signals between the gap (synaptic cleft) of 2 neurons, so those neurons can communicate. To do this, neurotransmitters leave the presynaptic cell (the \"sender\" neuron) and cross the synaptic cleft to receptor on the surface of the postsynaptic cell (the \"receiver cell\"). The receptor is the doorway that let's the neurotransmitters in the cells. After the neurotransmitter has sent its message to the receiver cell, it goes back to the sender cell, which is called reuptake. SSRIs are *selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.* They work by blocking some reuptake receptors of serotonin into the presynaptic neurons. This means that it's harder for the serotonin to get back inside the presynaptic neuron, so it spends more time in the synaptic cleft, which means it has more time enter a receptor on the postsynaptic neuron. Think if it like leaving a package at the post office for a long time so the receiver has time to go pick it up before it goes back to the sender. MDMA is a serotonin releasing agent *and* a reuptake inhibitor. Normally, the amount of serotonin that leaves the presynpatic neuron is carefully regulated (it only releases how much it needs to). MDMA makes it dump *all* of its serotonin into the synaptic cleft at once. It also unselectively blocks the reuptake back into the presynaptic neuron, so *all* of that serotonin is floating around in the synaptic cleft and binding with the receptors in the postsynaptic neuron. & #x200B; Even more eli5: Normal serotonin function is like a door-to-door salesman ringing your doorbell once. Either you let him in, or you don't. Either way, he goes home after. SSRI's are that same door-to-door salesman but he knock 5 times before you either let him in or he goes home, and he stays longer because he forgot his keys to his house. MDMA is 5000 salesmen arriving in a fleet of buses, crashing through your front door, and staying as long as they want regardless of whether or not you ask them to leave."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What do metrologists mean by the \"feels like\" temperature and how is is different than the actual temperature?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What do metrologists mean by the \"feels like\" temperature and how is is different than the actual temperature?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Let say it's 25\u00b0C in a room. Now turn on a fan. The temperature is same but it feels like colder when the fan in turned on."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Sometimes lightning strikes, kind of pulses, and then seems to disappear, but then reappears a second later in the same exact squiggly shape- what's going on there? (Clarifying source video included in comments, if that's allowed)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Sometimes lightning strikes, kind of pulses, and then seems to disappear, but then reappears a second later in the same exact squiggly shape- what's going on there? (Clarifying source video included in comments, if that's allowed)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The initial pulse is a smaller amount of energy sort of 'feeling' it's way through the atmosphere, trying to find the lowest resistance path to ground (the Earth). Once part of it reaches ground, then the bulk of the current can immediately follow that path, and that's when you see the big flash as a ton of energy discharges."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How is it possible to divide by zero in the Reimann's sphere? In other words how come there is no such thing as a negative infinity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is it possible to divide by zero in the Reimann's sphere? In other words how come there is no such thing as a negative infinity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Dividing by zero is not allowed in standard algebra because it leads to undefined answers. 1\/0 = 2\/0, but under standard algebra that implies that 1 = 2 which breaks the rules of algebra. The Riemann Sphere behaves like typical complex algebra, except with the addition of a *valid answer to 1\/0*, namely positive infinity. It explicitly says there is no negative infinity. Operations involving infinity are explicitly defined; x + inf = inf, for example. Other operations are not allowed, same as in normal algebra; inf - inf is undefined and an illegal operation. By handling infinity in these specific ways, any paradoxes that would allow us to \"prove\" 1=2 are removed, and logical consistency is maintained."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are old people more susceptible to colder temperatures than younger people?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are old people more susceptible to colder temperatures than younger people?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Each cell in your body respires this generates heat and keeps us at around 37c. Younger people are fitter and are producing more cells than are dying off. This is not the same in an elderly person therefore their bodies cannot regulate body temperature as effectively. May not be correct but it's my explanation Edit: Thinning of fat layers and reduced circulation will also contribute"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are videos sent from Android to iPhone's and vice versa always blurry amd corrupt?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are videos sent from Android to iPhone's and vice versa always blurry amd corrupt?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends, what are you using? If your texting it using the built in app over SMS, that\u2019s the reason why. SMS is a messaging service that is very old and can only send pictures by compressing them to an almost laughable state. I would recommend uploading them to google drive and then giving the recipient the shared link, or just share the file directly to them. Hope this helps. If you have any other phone tech questions, reach out to me."} {"category":"Physics","question":"When you burn a candle and the wax slowly disappears, where does it go?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you burn a candle and the wax slowly disappears, where does it go?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The wax burns, and in so doing it becomes mostly water vapor and carbon dioxide. The wick doesn't contribute much to the flame directly as fuel, but rather serves as a catalyst to allow the flame to sustain itself."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How does our sleeping body know when it's time to wake up and how does it do it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does our sleeping body know when it's time to wake up and how does it do it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We have an internal biological clock called our circadian rhythm. Or circadian cycle. Essentially at certain times of the day a part of our brain starts to secrete Melatonin, a chemical that bonds to parts of the Brain and makes us feel that \u201csleepy\u201d feeling. And then several hours later, that gland in our brains stop secreting melatonin, signaling your body to wake up. This schedule isn\u2019t set in stone and can actually be altered by new or irregular sleep patterns (which is why if you wake up for work at 7am, you might find yourself to naturally wake up around then without your alarm) For how this rhythm keeps its time schedule, the theory is that it reacts to light changes (like the setting sun). Which is why people say the blue light released from so many electronics messes up our sleep because we aren\u2019t getting that natural change in light."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Can a grave explosion actually make one fly away \u201cas we see in movies\u201d ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can a grave explosion actually make one fly away \u201cas we see in movies\u201d ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Explosions can definitely launch people. Problem is they also launch *everything* and people close enough to a blast to get thrown back are typically torn apart by shrapnel and\/or grievously wounded by the pressure wave blowing out eardrums and collapsing organs."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why did it take the entirety of human history to even figure out how electricity works, but then only 200 years to get to where we are now?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why did it take the entirety of human history to even figure out how electricity works, but then only 200 years to get to where we are now?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So I think where you want to look is the age of Enlightenment as the beginning of the rapid development of change. A big part of what drove scientific progress was the printing press, being able to reliably pass information across time and space helped the spread of ideas and as ideas spread and people could recreate others experiments aha now we are on to something. What prevented that from happening sooner the Church, and the Roman Catholic church had a stranglehold on society because of the Black Death. Something similar had happened in China before it happened in the west. An industrial revolution had taken place with mass produced goods like clothing and pottery and arms and so on. Before the Industrial Revolution population growth was constrained by food production. Giving people time away from figuring out where their next meal is coming from unleashed humanities potential for creating the word you see around you today."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"In music what's the difference between 4\/4, 5\/4, 5\/8, etc?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In music what's the difference between 4\/4, 5\/4, 5\/8, etc?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To help keep your place in music, it is divided up into segments called \"measures\". A time signature (4\/4, 3\/4, etc) is telling you how many beats are divided up per measure and what kind of notes get the beat. For example, if you're in 4\/4, the first number tells you there are 4 beats per measure and the second number tells you that a quarter note (1\/4) gets the beat, totalling 4 quarter notes. In the case of 6\/8 time, you would have 6 beats per measure and an eighth note (1\/8) would get the beat, totalling 6 eighth notes per measure."} {"category":"Other","question":"What are tennis players looking for when they are choosing a ball for their serve?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are tennis players looking for when they are choosing a ball for their serve?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fuzz. They are looking for the fuzzyest and the least fuzzy. The least fuzzy is for the first serve where you're going for speed and the less fuzz there is the faster it will go through the air. For the second serve they're not going hell for leather (too much risk of a double fault) and so you serve slower and try and get as much topspin on it as possible. More fuzz=more topspin"} {"category":"Economics","question":"What does \"pennies on the dollar mean\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does \"pennies on the dollar mean\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The dollar is the price that you would expect, while pennies are the price that you're getting. So if I had a $2000 TV for sale for only like $100, you could say \"I'm buying this TV for pennies on the dollar!\" Because it's worth $2000 and you're only paying $100, you're basically only paying 5 cents for every dollar it originally cost - and 5 cents is just a few pennies. It's most often used in terms of big numbers like debt or comparisons of prices between companies. \"Because we have a special deal with a manufacturer, we can provide this awesome product for only pennies on the dollar!\" Meaning that whatever price is normal or expected, they're offering a price that's much lower."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why does broccoli lose bitterness when it's steamed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does broccoli lose bitterness when it's steamed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Bitterness is counteracted by sugar, and when plants are heated they release sugar. The sugar overtakes the bitterness and the broccoli is less bitter."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is 2.4Ghz Wifi NOT hard-limited to channels 1, 6 and 11? Wifi interference from overlapping adjacent channels is worse than same channel interference. Channels 1, 6, and 11 are the only ones that don't overlap with each other. Shouldn't all modems be only allowed to use 1, 6 or 11?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is 2.4Ghz Wifi NOT hard-limited to channels 1, 6 and 11? Wifi interference from overlapping adjacent channels is worse than same channel interference. Channels 1, 6, and 11 are the only ones that don't overlap with each other. Shouldn't all modems be only allowed to use 1, 6 or 11?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"WiFi is not the only technology using the 2.4GHz ISM band. It shares it with Bluetooth, microwaves, radars and a load of other consumer electronics such as garage port openers, two way radios, remote light switches, weather stations, etc. So it may not be that the three channels are the best ones for a specific environment. For example if you have a weather station that happens to send its date back to the receiver on channel 8 then it may disrupt channel 6 and 11 but leave channel 5 and 1 open to be used by two networks. And you can not force everyone to use the same channels regardless of technology because the different radios have different bandwidth and therefore different channel spacings. The weather station might have chosen a frequency close to channel 8 because that would allow them to have four different weather stations work in the same area without disrupting each other given a bit closer channel spacing then WiFi."} {"category":"Other","question":"why do people (in general) become less tolerant to noise (clubs, crowds, kids, etc) as we grow old?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do people (in general) become less tolerant to noise (clubs, crowds, kids, etc) as we grow old?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I have a theory: 1. Hearing loss occurs in specific frequencies. 2. Brain compensates withneuroplasticity, rewires pathways by increasing linkages to expand or speed up anything related to audio pattern recognition to return to as close to a \"normal\" response speed as it can. 3. Loud noises and unwanted sounds stimulate these compensationaly-increased pathways, but since the brain is not rewarded with any recognizable pattern, the magnified stimulation is proportionately annoying. 4. This ultimately leads to a conditioned response of hypersensitivity to noise."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why can't pregnant women donate blood?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why can't pregnant women donate blood?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's potentially bad for the baby. When you are growing a person inside of you you need all of that iron and nutrients jn the blood to support that growing fetus."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is gold so valuable? (Financially)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is gold so valuable? (Financially)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because it\u2018s rare, not consumed like oil (it\u2019s not losing its properties) and because there is no huge amount mined every year so the price is kind of stable."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How can water be used to cut steel?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can water be used to cut steel?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Waterjet cutters can produce a narrow jet of water in excess of 100,000 psi. At those speeds the water is practically a solid that slices straight through the material being cut, much like a conventional saw."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What does a rape kit actually consist of and how does it work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does a rape kit actually consist of and how does it work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Almost anything that can be related to the rape will be put in a rape kit. Foreign DNA found, photos of injuries, clothing worn, details that were described, swabs from the victim, and a yeah."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"To move from 0 to 1 second. Time must pass through 0.1 seconds, 0.11, 0.111, 0.1111 and so on to infinity. So how does it ever actually pass infinity to reach 1?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n To move from 0 to 1 second. Time must pass through 0.1 seconds, 0.11, 0.111, 0.1111 and so on to infinity. So how does it ever actually pass infinity to reach 1?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is one of zeno\u2019s paradoxes (sort of)! Like you, he didn\u2019t understand how can anything change if it can be infinitely divided. The answer came in the form of math almost two thousand years later with infinite series. The simplified answer is that just because there are *inifinite steps* to take, doesn\u2019t mean you have to *pass infinity*. At some point the steps become so small that they hardly change the sum at all. This might be easier to understand using another example by Zeno : imagine you have to walk in a 1km course. To finish it, you must pass the half mark, but first you must pass the quarter mark, and so on and so on. You can keep halving the distance inifinitely. But eventually the distances become so small they are smaller than even the radius of an atom. Just because there are infinitely many little pieces doesn\u2019t mean you can pass them. We can actually calculate that sum and show that 0.5+0.25+0.125+... on and on infinite times= exactly 1. Further reading [here]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is Mexico not as developed as the USA or Canada?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Mexico not as developed as the USA or Canada?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Colonization by the Spanish was a very different thing that colonization by the British, and not just the language angle. British colonies in the 17^th and 18^th centuries were constructed and managed as \"British civilization\". They were run with the expectation that they would be very British-like. Spanish colonies were not managed, they were seen as a source of resources, not a source of \"more space to be Spanish\"."} {"category":"Biology","question":"When you eat something and you get diarrhea immediately after, do you digest the calories in the food or is it pooped out?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you eat something and you get diarrhea immediately after, do you digest the calories in the food or is it pooped out?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you get diarrhoea immediately after, it\u2019s probably from the previous meal. The body doesn\u2019t want you getting poisoned, and the first line of defence is throwing up what you just ate. If the bacteria or amoeba have gotten into your intestines then the body tries to expel the food asap with a lot of water to help it on its way out; this is your diarrhoea. Since some of the food is partially digested already, you do get some calories from it."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is drinking 14 drinks in one day worse than drinking 2 each day over the course of a week?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is drinking 14 drinks in one day worse than drinking 2 each day over the course of a week?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because your liver can only process so much alcohol in a given amount of time. If you drink more than that, then it stays in your bloodstream, being a toxic chemical, making you drunk, and if in high enough concentrations, causing alcohol poisoning."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What are the differences between QLED, UHD, OLED, HD, LED etc?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the differences between QLED, UHD, OLED, HD, LED etc?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"HD and UHD are resolutions. HD is high definition at 1280x720p, UHD is ultra hd at 3840x2160p. The other terms are names of technologies for the panel creation of monitors\/tvs. A different technology means that 1 pixel (1x1 resolution) is created in X way and every technology has its own explanation as to how it is created, how it works, pros and cons, etc. Lets take OLED. The brightness of the pixels of OLED panels comes from every pixel by itself, thus black color can be reproduced by just turning off the pixels where the black is. LED has a backlight which is on constantly, even for black pixels and that is why even though the screen might be black, when its dark, ypu can see the screen glowing. On an OLED, a fully black screen wont be glowing in the dark."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If a meteor large enough was on collision course for Earth, what could we realistically do to stop it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If a meteor large enough was on collision course for Earth, what could we realistically do to stop it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends how much further notice we have, and how dedicated we as a species can devote our time and effort to this. I would like to think that we would all settle our differences to stop this threat, perhaps seeking guidance from the United Nations, or putting the operation in the hands of competent nations (e.g. rich nations). Perhaps we would have competitive effort, as seen when rescuing the Chilean miners a few years ago. Either way, if we assume that we can put maximum effort into stopping this threat, there are a few possible, albeit untested, ways that we could. If we had plenty of time, we could use a gravity tractor, which is a fancy name for a spaceship floating itself off the side of an asteroid (off the surface). The small gravity of the spaceship would be enough to deviate the course of the asteroid ever so slightly to miss Earth. The problem is that you need lots of advance notice, and unfortunately NASA's relatively small budget is not sufficient for detecting many of these hazardous objects until they are weeks or even days from striking. You would need months or years to accomplish this. You could get a solar sail and attach it to the surface of the asteroid. The solar wind from the Sun would slowly but surely blow the asteroid off its collision course. This requires lots of advance notice though. You could also plant a (relatively) small explosive on the side of the asteroid to blow it off course. It must not be too large or it would throw lots of small rocks toward Earth, which would be bad. This would require less advance notice but it is a bit more risky. Nuking the asteroid would be a bad idea. You would just have a bunch of tiny asteroid fragments hitting Earth all over the place, which would be bad."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How is the protein content and other nutrients in food calculated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is the protein content and other nutrients in food calculated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Various techniques - most of which are carried out in a laboratory. Protein is calculated by analysing total nitrogen content; fat is calculated by either solvent absorption or NMR; inorganic matter by combustion and dry ash analysis; etc etc. There are techniques for each nutrient. There is also a database that is available which contains nutritional information for foods previously tested, which can be used to calculate the overall content of a prepared meal."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do NFL\/American Football coaches coach using their headsets?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do NFL\/American Football coaches coach using their headsets?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One player on offense (always the QB) and one player on the defense has a headset. When there are 15 seconds left in the clock to snap the ball, or when the ball is snapped, the headset is turned off, so they don't work in the middle of plays, only between plays. And the coach is talking to other coaching staff as well."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does insulin have to be given as an injection?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does insulin have to be given as an injection?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The stomach acid would destroy the drug and it wouldn't be absorbed properly. Injection into the body directly bypasses that destructive process and keeps it intact."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why would decreasing the temperature of a gas in a syringe make the volume decrease?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why would decreasing the temperature of a gas in a syringe make the volume decrease?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Temperature is just a measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the molecules in a gas. If you decrease the temperature, that means they're moving slower. If they're moving slower, then they're running into the walls of the syringe less often AND slower. This means they're pushing less hard on the sides of the syringe. The outside air pressure is still pushing in equally hard, but the inside gas pushing out is less, so the outside air wins, and pushes inward. This is the volume decreasing."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why did electronic toys in the 90's and early 2000's specifically warn not to use rechargable batteries?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why did electronic toys in the 90's and early 2000's specifically warn not to use rechargable batteries?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Ni-Cd rechargeables output less voltage (1.2V vs. 1.5V) so certain devices that require a certain voltage would not run properly on those batteries."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How is the US's economy set up so that people can make billions of dollars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is the US's economy set up so that people can make billions of dollars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you create a product or a service that a lot of people are willing to pay for, you are free to provide it to them. I'm not sure what exactly you mean it's the same as every other economy that respects personal property. France Germany etc has their share of billionaires"} {"category":"Biology","question":"do fish need to drink water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n do fish need to drink water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"*Kind of* it depends on the type of fish, all fish need water, but what you and i define as drinking is a bit different then what a fish might do. Fishes take in water through osmosis, basically through their skin and gills, while going about thier fishy lives. Salt water fish however, need to take in, or \"drink\" more water than Fresh water fish, due to the way their bodies hold salt. Although i imagine its not much of a thought process since theyre swimming in the stuff. The aptly named [McGill Science website has a short and easy to follow article on fishes drinking habits ]( URL_0 .) Id recommend giving it a read. TL;DR Fish need water, most get what they need through their skin and gills, while some need to put a little more effort in and gulp that sweet H2O."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What decides whether you're interested in something or not?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What decides whether you're interested in something or not?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I guess there can be many factors. Some simple things such as what you saw as a child could affect it. For instance when you were 5 (no pun intended) and you see your father (if youre a guy you will usualy follow your father's doing) eating a burger and realy enjoying it you could end up loving burgers. This is a psychological point of view. For a biological point of view, to put it simply, it is the release of different kind of hormones when you are performing an action or seeing something. An example of something that takes that into consideration are drugs. They release these hormones and that is why you are happy doing what you are doing and therfore you are interested or like it. Hope that made sense :D"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it easier to shoot at people under you in games?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it easier to shoot at people under you in games?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Insert \"i have the high ground\" meme. Its not only in games, highround has the vision advantage."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How will the US economy not completely collapse with everything being shut down?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How will the US economy not completely collapse with everything being shut down?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Big business will get bailouts. Small businesses will eat their savings, and go bankrupt. But since governments do not care about small businesses, they view it as success because it clears the path for big business to take over. Since big business is too big to fail, or at least too big to let fail. As in big enough for a bailout. That is partially a cynical joke, but thats how it works. But no one knows what is going to happen. No amount if bailout will save a company if the economy around it is in shambles, or it's suppliers and contractors have failed. Now you shouldn't just think about US economy, you also have consider economy of your trading partners. You can bail out a factory, but if no one is buying the product then that hardly matters."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What happens to make an entire night pass in the blink of an eye?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens to make an entire night pass in the blink of an eye?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Others are coming with correct responses but are not actually getting to the core of what your asking. When you get enough sleep, you feel as though time has passed, because part of getting enough REM sleep cycles per night, your brain will records some fragments of memories and\/or dreams. That's why you sometimes remember parts of a dream, or have an instinct to know that you were rolling around. Usually not with a high detail, but enough for your brain to at least keep track of time passing. If you fall asleep and feel like you woke up a moment later, but hours DID in fact pass, it's a sign that you're probably not getting a deep enough \/ long enough sleep for your brain to do the multiple REM cycles it needs each night. You might be getting zero or one REM cycle in max before you're woken up."} {"category":"Other","question":"who is it that slower speed limits increase crash rates? What causes everyone to crash more often","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n who is it that slower speed limits increase crash rates? What causes everyone to crash more often","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When people are used to drive the local road at 100, they drive 100 no matter what the new signs say. Then there are people that adapt and start driving 60. Often the \u201d100s\u201d will get aggressive, dangerous overtakes, tailgating etc. this often leads to more accidents"} {"category":"Biology","question":"As babies we learn to drink from a bottle while lying down, but as adults we easily choke on a small sip of water. At what point do we lose the ability to drink while lying down?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n As babies we learn to drink from a bottle while lying down, but as adults we easily choke on a small sip of water. At what point do we lose the ability to drink while lying down?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Drinking from a hole in the nipple where the stream and amount of liquid is regulated is much easier than drinking sips\/gulps of water while lying down. When you drink water lying down, you are increasing the chance of aspirating water into your lungs, which increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia (serious for the elderly). Other risk factors are having the water go into your sinuses or Eustachian tube. Source: RN who works closely with speech therapists and swallow studies for patients with dysphagia."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why aren\u2019t meteorites the most valuable objects\/minerals on the planet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why aren\u2019t meteorites the most valuable objects\/minerals on the planet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You nailed it. Most meteorites are composed of very common elements found abundantly on earth."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do life insurers make a profit?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do life insurers make a profit?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They invest the money you give them and earn interest on it. And they don't always pay out so they keep that money too."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Shoemaker Levy left burn marks the size of the Earth on Jupiter's surface for months. How is this possible if Jupiter has no surface?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Shoemaker Levy left burn marks the size of the Earth on Jupiter's surface for months. How is this possible if Jupiter has no surface?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It left huge marks on the clouds that make up the atmosphere of Jupiter not the surface. A impact is a collision with a object and it might only be the atmosphere. The [Chelyabinsk meteor]( URL_0 ) that exploded over Russia in 2013 and was captured on a log of camera is a meteor impact on earth but not a impact on the surface on earth. The high pressure generated when a high speed object hit the atmosphere can have the result they blow up before they hit anything solid. So the same way as clouds and storm in out atmosphere can exist and keep the general shape the same can happen on Jupiter. The [Great\\_Red\\_Spot]( URL_1 ) is a persistent high pressure system in Jupiter that have existed for certainly since 1830 and even observation since the first back in 1665 have some observation but with long gaps in time so it have existed for more then 189 years or even more then 350 years. It might have existed even for longer but the telescope was not invented so there is not observation. So large disturbances like meteor impact can leave changes in the atmosphere that is visible for months."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How video game cutscenes change the look of the character during the cutscene according to characters custom appearance?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How video game cutscenes change the look of the character during the cutscene according to characters custom appearance?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Those kind of scenes are in-engine\/game scenes, as opposed to being pre-rendered. It moves the camera and controls your or other characters to make the scene play out. They have other kinds of tricks and stuff they can use, but that\u2019s the main part. So that allows them to use whatever character model you have at the time."} {"category":"Other","question":"How come some smells are pleasant\/unpleasant?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come some smells are pleasant\/unpleasant?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Survival. If you think of all the unpleasant smells, they are normally associated with things you do not want to eat. For example rotten meat, if the smell wasn't bad we would be tempted to eat it and could become sick. It's our bodies way of saying \"don't put that in your mouth\" :)"} {"category":"Other","question":"How do copyright laws work for the Bible and other religious texts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do copyright laws work for the Bible and other religious texts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The original Bible (the Old Testament in Hebrew and Aramaic and the New Testament in Koine Greek) is way too old to be copyrighted. Copyright only lasts until 70 years after the author's death. Many translations of the Bible, like the King James Bible, are also not copyrighted for the same reason. In the case of books that are not copyrighted, anyone in the world can print some copies and sell them- the person or company that prints them is the one that gets the money. Newer translations, like the NIV, can still fall under copyright. In that case, the person or company that does the translation owns the copyright."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does (facial) skin require so much more care than the rest of our body?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does (facial) skin require so much more care than the rest of our body?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's exposed to the elements everyday, unlike the rest of your body. It's not covered by clothing. It also expresses more so it's prone to more wrinkles. If you start obsessive skincare routines in your 20's by using moisturizers, sunscreen and a hat and don't let your face touch the sun, your 50 yo skin will thank you. For exfoliating I like the Japanese blades by sheidedo. you can only use it maybe once per month since it's pretty extreme."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do brass doorknobs disinfect themselves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do brass doorknobs disinfect themselves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Brass is a copper alloy. Copper is electro conductive. As electrons move around, they interfere with microbes functioning. Copper IUDs work similarly, \"zapping\" sperm. Edit: a quick Google search says sweat from hands can corrode the surface metal in as little as an hour, rendering the antibacterial effect null. You still gotta clean them."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How mitochondria has stayed in our cells even after millions of years of reproduction?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How mitochondria has stayed in our cells even after millions of years of reproduction?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is a lot of integration between mitochondria and cell, but as far as I know part of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are now located in the main nucleus, while some other genes are located in mitochondria own circular DNA. So mitochondria can't survive or reproduce outside eukaryotic cell."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it that all the blockbusters have gone out of business, but adult video stores are still around?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that all the blockbusters have gone out of business, but adult video stores are still around?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Adult 'video' stores don't just sell videos, they frequently also sell sex toys, lubes & fetishwear. Many of the ones around here also sell bongs & pipes. On top of that, they often have \"video rooms\" in the back where people do... \"stuff\"."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is impedance and ohms and why is it so important to audio?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is impedance and ohms and why is it so important to audio?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Ohms are the unit of measurement of electrical resistance. Impedance is the resistance of a circuit independent of it electrical source, both in terms of static (Think DC voltage) current and Dynamic (think audio signal) current. & #x200B; How it relates to audio is in terms of power transfer. If you want to have the maximum amount of power transfer to your speakers (typically what you're trying to match in terms of impedance), you want the source impedance to match the load resistance (your speakers)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How my Phone knows when im using the knuckles instead of fingers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How my Phone knows when im using the knuckles instead of fingers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is speculation, since I can't find any 'how this works' detail from a bunch of googling: When you touch the screen with a fingertip, it's 'squishier' than touching it with a knuckle. There's more surface area in contact with it, and it doesn't bump the phone as suddenly. So the phone (probably) tells the difference between them by seeing how hard it's been bumped, and how quick the contact was. It might be possible to 'fool' the detection by tapping quickly with a small part of your fingertip. It's powered by [FingerSense]( URL_0 ) - software by a company called Qeexo. They're pretty light on actual details, but since they insist it uses Machine Learning and it's software-only (no fancy stuff added to the phone to make it work), then that leads me to assume they're just taking information from the screen + gyro\/accelerometer built into the phone already."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How did this person make $2.6M in one day from GameStop stocks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did this person make $2.6M in one day from GameStop stocks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Here's the ELI5: Gamestop wasn't doing well. A lot of gigantic investors made a whole bunch of short sales. That's where you sell a stock you don't actually own; you're hoping the price goes down between when you sell it and when you have to buy it to fill it. In fact, they sold sp many of those that they sold more than were easily available to buy. So, everyone at WSB bought all the shares they could, knowing that day was coming when the giant institutional investors would have to buy the shares no matter the price to fill their shorts. Since they *have to* buy, you could name your price. The stock shot up by 50% when that day hit, which was today."} {"category":"Other","question":"Please explain some grammatical terms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Please explain some grammatical terms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Compound tense - a verb phrase that expresses more complex time than a simple present\/perfect tense. *I go* is a simple present verb tense. *I have gone* is a compound tense. Auxiliary verb - in compound tense verb phrases described above, they change the duration or manner in which an action occurs. In English they include the various forms of *be, did, have* when combined with an action verb. Compare the sentences *John goes to the store* and *John has gone to the store.* \"Has\" is the aux verb. Adverb - changes the manner of the action. In English they often end in -ly. *Lisa put on her shoes clumsily.* \"Clumsily\" is the adverb. Clauses - the basic unit smaller than a sentence, essentially a phrase containing a noun and a verb. In the sentence *Lisa went to the store because she wanted bagels* there are two clauses: a main clause *Lisa went to the store* and a subordinate clause *because she wanted bagels*, each containing a noun (*Lisa\/she*) and a verb (*went\/wanted*)."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"why is PEMDAS in that order?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is PEMDAS in that order?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Parentheses are pretty much obliged to go first, as they signify \"the following section isn't in the normal order\". AS and MD go together because they're essentially the same operation - subtraction is just addition of a negative number, and division is just multiplication by a reciprocal. As for the order as a whole, they're in that order because, essentially, it minimises the number of brackets when writing polynomials - i.e. expressions of the form ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d. These things are all over the place in maths, and we can write them completely without brackets thanks to PEMDAS. If we had some other order, like, for instance, PASEMD, the above expression would have to be written as (ax^(3)) + (bx^(2)) + (cx) + d, or if we were using PMDEAS, it'd be a(x^(3)) + b(x^(2)) + cx + d. PEMDAS also captures the nature of the distributive properties of exponentiation and multiplication. Under, PEMDAS, we can write a(b+c) = ab+ac and (ab)^c = a^(c)b^(c). This is another way in which PEMDAS helps to minimise the number of brackets - any time we see an expression like a(b+c), we can expand it out into a form that takes no brackets. It's actually possibly to have a notation system that requires no brackets in any case and is always unambiguous, but they're a pain to read because the operators have to come before or after the operands - e.g. instead of writing 1 + 2, you'd write + 1 2 or 1 2 +. These are called Polish and reverse Polish notation."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Can one infinity be larger than another?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can one infinity be larger than another?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So, without wanting to offend anyone here, there's a lot of bad (or at the very least: misleading) mathematics in this thread. I'm a Mathematician, I hope you can make something of my answer: **Great question!** You are onto something that mathematicians have struggled with for quite some time. But nowadays, we have come up with a definite answer that is widely recognized as correct and taught at every university in the world (that is, in mathematics...). To answer your title question: Yes. But before we do that, let's look about what we, in general, call \"larger than another\". When talking about infinity, the first thing you need to understand that you are not talking about a *number*, but a *size of a group of objects (= also known as \"size of a set\")*. This is called \"cardinality\", which is just a fancy word for \"size\". If you have two sets (of numbers, for example, but it doesn't have to be numbers. It can be people, or animals, or words, or thoughts...), you can look at their size. One (naive) way of doing this would be simply counting the number of objects in the set. This works fine for sets that are only finitely big. But there are bigger things than finite sets, there are infinite sets. Would you all call them \"infinitely large\" and call it a day? Naaah, that's not interesting, is it? So back in the good old days, mathematicians asked themselves: How can we reasonably define the size of sets, so the definition does not only work for sets of any shape or form (finite or any kind of infinity), but also behaves as expected when you only look at finite sets? After all, we want the term \"size\" (= cardinality) to have a meaning in everyday real-world application. We don't want the meaning to get lost when extending the term to infinities. So here's what they came up with: Two sets have the same size (\"have the same cardinality\") if you can come up with a strategy to pair each object of the first set to exactly one object of the second set, so in the end no object is alone and no object is in two pairs. Let's make an example: If you have the set with the letters A, B, C, and another set with the numbers 2, 4, 6. Then we can pair A with 2, B with 4 and C with 6. So these sets are the same size. On the other hand, A, B, C, D, E and 2, 4, 8 are not the same size because no matter how hard you try, 2 objects from the first set will always find no partner in the second set. Remember how I said \"come up with a strategy\". This means: \"You don't actually have to write this out, it's enough if you can describe the strategy\". For instance: Take all even numbers, 2, 4, 6, 8 and so on. Then take all whole numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8... These two sets are the same size, because I can match 1 with 2, 2 4, 3 with 6, and so on. Sure, \"I'm using up the numbers in the first set faster\". But if you ask me for any number, that number will have a clearly designated partner. 64? That's just paired with 32. 1 million is paired with 500 000. So these sets, despite *appearing* to be different in size, are the same size. Let's take it one step further: You can match the whole numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... to the fractions. This matching \"algorithm\" is a lot more complicated, I think you can find a picture on google, but for now we'll be happy with knowing that it works. So the rational numbers (= fancy name for fractions) are the same size as the whole numbers! Let's take it one more step further and watch the world burn: You cannot match the whole numbers to the real numbers (= all numbers on the number line, including 1, pi and everything else you can think of). It's not possible. A mathematician named Cantor famously proved that no matter how hard you try in giving a strategy, it's always possible to find a real number that is not covered by your strategy. (Even worse: By writing down the strategy, you automatically imply what the counter example that is not covered by the strategy is going to be... That's how we know that no strategy can work.) But: Both sets are infinite. Whole numbers are infinite. Real numbers are infinite. Real numbers are a bigger set. So we have found two different sizes of infinity. (Fun fact: There's an infinite amount of sizes of infinity...) We call the size of whole numbers (because they are sometimes referred to as \"counting numbers\") \"countably infinite\". In general, sets that are this large don't cause mathematicians lots of head aches, as they act in very predictable ways and follow most of the rules we already observe in finite sets. We call the size of real numbers (because they are bigger than the countable size) \"uncountably infinite\". In general, sets that are this large *do* cause mathematicians lots of head aches, as they act in very unpredictable and counter-intuitive ways and they refuse to follow any rules. (That's not quite true, but we had to change the rules because the first thing the real numbers did after their size was discovered, was crash the entirety of then-modern mathematics.) --------------------- To your question, numbers between 1 and 2 and numbers between 1 and 3. Using the rules from above, I just have to give you a strategy to match them all to show you that they are the same size, so here it is: You give me some number x between 1 and 2. I subtract 1. I multiply by 2. I add 1. That's the pairing. For example, you give me 1.5 (which is between 1 and 2). 1.5 - 1 = 0.5 0.5 \\* 2 = 1 1 + 1 = 2. So 1.5 is paired with 2. The number 1 would be paired with 1. The number 2 would be paired with 3. The square root of 2 would be paired with ((sqrt(2) - 1)\\*2 ) + 1 Want to make sure that every number between 1 and 3 has a partner? Simply reverse the process: Subtract 1. Divide by 2. Add 1. For example: 3 is paired with 2. 1 is paired with 1. ((sqrt(2) - 1)\\*2 ) + 1 is paired with sqrt(2). So I indeed have found a strategy that matches every number between 1 and 2 with a number between 1 and 3. So the sets are the same size. Fun fact: This works with any interval (= numbers between a and b) no matter how small, matched to the entirety of the real numbers. The strategy is going to be a bit more tricky, but trust me that there is one. I hope this is helpful, feel free to ask more questions."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why the common logarithm base is 10?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why the common logarithm base is 10?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It comes from the days of slide rules. To see how a slide rule works, imagine trying to perform basic addition by using two normal rulers. To add 2 + 3 you could find 2 on the first ruler, then line the end of the second ruler up with it. You then find the 3 on the second ruler and see what number it lines up against on the first ruler: 5. Slide rules use the same concept, but instead of adding simple numbers it adds the log of numbers. This is useful because of the identity that Log(A) + Log(B) = Log(A\\*B). That means that we can convert a multiplication problem into an addition problem, then solve that addition problem using the ticks on a scale. There's an issue with this, though: what happens if you try to add 13+13 using 12-inch rulers? You run out of space! To avoid that same problem from happening on a slide rule the operator is expected to keep track of the powers of 10 themselves. This is why scientific notation is used\u2013it's the exact format that's conducive to using a slide rule! This means that instead of computing 127\\*7,891 you would use the slide rule to compute 1.27\\*7.891 and then manually compute 10^2 \\* 10^(3) (which is just 10^(5)). You split the logarithm up into an easy-to-compute whole number and a difficult-to-compute but finitely sized decimal. That only works when it's really easy to compute the whole number. If we use base 10 for the logarithm then that's as simple as counting the digits (or, in scientific notation, it's just given to us). This makes the base-10 logarithm the obvious one to use. It's also worth noting that once you can compute one logarithm you can compute any logarithm. If you want the base 2 log just take log(n)\/log(2). Since you only need one logarithmic scale on a slide rule it makes sense to use the one that helps other operations most directly."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do kids need to avoid fluoride in their toothpaste but adults are told it's beneficial to have?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do kids need to avoid fluoride in their toothpaste but adults are told it's beneficial to have?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fluoride poisoning for an adult is harder to get. You\u2019d have to eat enough toothpaste to make you sick. But for a kid, their body mass is lower and they have a tendency to eat anything that tastes sweet including their toothpaste. Fluoride is beneficial for for preventing tooth decay but excess of anything can be bad."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does a surface to air missile battery mistake a large airliner for a fighter jet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a surface to air missile battery mistake a large airliner for a fighter jet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don't. They mistake it for a big bomber and that's a bigger threat than a fighter jet."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is high and low fidelity in music?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is high and low fidelity in music?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fidelity is a measure of how closely a copy matches its source, regardless of the medium. Record albums, JPEGs, DNA -- anything that makes copies has a measure of fidelity, of how precisely it matches or doesn't match the original. The higher the fidelity of a recording, the more similar the sound from the recording medium is compared to the original sound. An example of a high fidelity copy would be a studio master. An example of a low fidelity copy would be an MP3, in which details have been \"smeared\" into groups of similar details, making a less detailed file that still contains the basic waveform shape changes that characterizes that particular noise. Information has been removed, but the overall gist remains the same. A zero fidelity copy would be a recording that sounds totally unlike the original. Like, you recorded a pop singer in the studio but your sound file is the noise of a garbage disposal. The correlation between source and copy is so low it is difficult or impossible to see the connection between them."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does US restrain from shooting down N.Korean missiles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does US restrain from shooting down N.Korean missiles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You can calculate the trajectory of a ballistic missile shortly after launch, and it's clear that the trajectories for these are not aimed at land. Launching a costly intercept system (and showing our exact intercept capabilities and locations) to pick off an annoying but harmless test launch isn't worth the trouble."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is there big corn and tiny corn but no medium corn?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there big corn and tiny corn but no medium corn?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"tiny corn\" is just immature corn while it is soft enough to just eat outright, cob and all. Mature corn has the corn kernels ready to eat, and at that point, the cob is firm. Corn that's between the two has firm kernels that aren't ready to eat *and* a firm cob that can't just be eaten, either. So you might as well wait until the corn is ripe at that point."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does mixing pigments affect light absorption\/reflection? How does the eye perceive light reflected off of pigment mixes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does mixing pigments affect light absorption\/reflection? How does the eye perceive light reflected off of pigment mixes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's (1), for the same reason that your monitor can produce a wide range of colors with only red, green, and blue pixels. It can, for example, render yellow by lighting up the red and green parts of the pixel. (Your monitor's pixels are adding light while pigments are removing light, but it's the same idea.) The problem with your reasoning for (1) is that pigments only reduce, never increase, the brightness of any given frequency of light. Your blue pigment *absorbs* some green and all red, and your yellow pigment *absorbs* blue and a little red\/green. You end up with a mild reduction in all three, but mostly in blue and red, which makes the color you see *both darker and* greener. Continuing to mix pigments in will result in a low-brightness brown or gray, not a white as compared to the original color of your canvas - but note that you distinguish white and gray **relative to the background**, not as absolute colors in their own right. The moon, for example, is the color of asphalt, but appears brilliant white in the sky because it's set against a dark backdrop and is brightly lit by the sun."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it bad to quickly restart an air conditioner compressor?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it bad to quickly restart an air conditioner compressor?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The air conditioner has a motor which compresses the gas hence it is called the compressor. If you start the compressor after a period of being off then the electric motor, the compressor, starts against no load. It does not begin pumping against a compressed gas. It is easier for a motor to start against no load. If the air conditioner was running then there is likely to be compressed gas still in the system. That is why the compressor is there. The compressor starts from zero speed against a load just as you might begin pedaling up a hill on a bicycle. Electric motors draw a large current getting started. They will draw even more when starting under a load."} {"category":"Economics","question":"how hard is it for companies to evade US and Chinese tariffs by selling to intermediaries in third countries?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how hard is it for companies to evade US and Chinese tariffs by selling to intermediaries in third countries?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Not that hard, but doing it on a large scale is difficult to conceal and runs the risk of pissing off regulators who have a big hammer and the incentive to bring it down and make an example."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do some images in softwares such as Photoshop appear fine at 85% zoom, blurry at 100%, and then fine again at 125%?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some images in softwares such as Photoshop appear fine at 85% zoom, blurry at 100%, and then fine again at 125%?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Imagine an image was to be displayed 50\/50 red and blue. You start out viewing it at a size when it's 20 pixels wide, so 10 pixels red and ten blue. Bam, it is perfect. Now you zoom in by 25 percent, making it 25 percent larger. The red and blue should each be 12.5 pixels wide, for 25 total pixels Uh oh, a pixel is a smallest we go. A pixel has to be all one color, it can't be half one and half the other. So maybe out of our 25 pixel width, we either do 13 red and 12 blue, or vice versa. Or maybe 12 red 12 blue and a purple pixel in between. Either way, it doesn't look perfectly 50\/50 red blue anymore, there's either a purple blurring of the line between the two, or it looks slightly off. Zoom in farther! 50%! Now that ten and ten becomes 15 and 15, for 30 total. The screen can totally do that, no problem, there's no half pixels there. So you had the weird half pixel problem at 25% maginification, but not 0 or 50. This is super simplistic, and the problem is drastically more complex over curves, but that's a basic. This is also just one element. There's also a case of extreme zooms where the 'pixel' elements Photoshop is representing get so big individually your brain stops seeing the pixels together as a picture, and start seeing the clear delineation of the pixels as separate elements."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do phone boot logos always seem so choppy when phones are capable of 60fps?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do phone boot logos always seem so choppy when phones are capable of 60fps?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When a phone is just booting up, it is not able to access every part of the phone yet. Kind of like when you just wake up and can't solve a math problem. If it is \"capable\" of 60fps, that doesn't mean it will always operate that way."} {"category":"Technology","question":"In the context of video games, what exactly are unused assets, and how are they discovered by gamers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In the context of video games, what exactly are unused assets, and how are they discovered by gamers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"What are unused assets? images, sound files, algorithms, data (items, areas, characters, etc) and other stuff that isn't used and doesn't appear during normal gameplay. It may have been intended for inclusion in the game but removed at some point for any number of reasons. How are they discovered by gamers? By poking around in the actual files the game stores on your computer. These are often compressed with standard packaging tools so they can be uncompressed\/unpackaged with free tools. A lot of games are built around universal engines (e.g. the Mass Effect series was built on Unreal Engine 3) which have freely available specifications, including ones for how files get processed by the engine."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does the wind sound way louder going past your ears, than if it is going straight into your ears?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the wind sound way louder going past your ears, than if it is going straight into your ears?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Take a half empty water bottle with the cap off. If you blow straight into the mouth of the bottle it makes no noise. However, if you blow at just the right angle across the mouth the bottle, the bottle hums like a flute. The ear canal, like the water bottle, is a dead end. When air blows directly into it, it gets blocks at the end of the cul-de-sac and stops moving and makes no noise. The air just gets stuck and does nothing. When air blows across the opening of the ear or the bottle, it can flow continuously, and it creates eddies of swirling air around the opening that vibrate at a particular pitch that is quite a bit louder than the stream of air itself."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do items of clothing that you wear expand\/loosen then revert back to normal after washing & drying?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do items of clothing that you wear expand\/loosen then revert back to normal after washing & drying?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depending in the temperature of water the coldness (or heat) of the water will make the fibers contract or expand. When your wearing clothes (unless your constantly in somewhere cold like living in a freezer or Antarctic your body temperature expells heat and thus warms your clothes and in turn expands the fibers"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is gold so soft, and why does it conduct electricity so well?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is gold so soft, and why does it conduct electricity so well?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The entire group (column) on the periodic table of copper, silver, and gold are all really good conductors. Being in the same group means the outermost electrons of the elements have a similar configurations, there's just more inner electrons as the elements get heavier. As you can imagine, the outermost electrons are quite crucial for conducting electricity. They are also all quite soft metals, again because of outermost electrons which essentially give all the chemical and material properties other than density. Gold is just a lot more dense because the atoms are heavier. And while not silver, you'll note copper and gold share in common being about the only metals that are reddish and not grey. Copper is the second best conductor and by far cheapest, silver is the best conductor, and gold is the most corrosion resistant (so is used for electrical contacts sometimes when surface corrosion has a large impact on the conduction). So what makes this group special? Well, the electrons around atoms fall into various different orbitals, though don't take that too literally, they aren't balls circling around like the moon orbiting. These are patterns the electrons take around the atom, they are sort of smeared out in a region of space. They aren't circles, and lot aren't the spherical you might imagine. Completing filling certain levels of orbitals tend to make atoms more stable. Incomplete orbitals tends to make atoms more likely to simply give up or try and steal electrons to fill orbitals or empty out an incomplete one. This is the premise of pretty much the entirety of chemistry and material science, and it's by no means simple and none of our models are good enough to outright predict all properties from scratch for an atom. For a simple example, starting with hydrogen as really simple is has a 1s orbital. It's a small sphere around the atom. But this isn't filled, 2 electrons can fit in it. So hydrogen tends to try and share a second electron with another atom to fill it, like in water, H2O. The two hydrogens share a second electron with oxyegn. Helium has two electrons that fill this 1s orbital, so is very stable. Helium participates in virtually no chemical reaction and is always a gas as it won't stick to anything else, including itself. Hydrogen for examples share with itself to make H2 gas molecules. Helium atoms are content all on their own with their filled orbital. So that 1s filled, and 's' is the only or orbital shape in level 1. And you'll note, hydrogen and helium are the only two elements in the first row of the periodic table. That's why. Table came first based on material properties, but we later figured out that's why. Well, what's next? Well, levels 2. And the s shape shows up again, but so do others. 2s is again another sphere, but a larger one. You keep getting larger version of the same orbitals that we stick number in front of. You also get different orbital shapes, that can hold even more electrons than just 2 and have new letters like d and f. You'll note the periodic table gets more columns as you go down the rows. Some of these orbitals can hold a lot of electrons without going to a significantly higher energy level, that is the numbers. Anyways, back to group 11. That is, copper, silver, gold. So, the d orbital that metals in rows just before this group had been trying to fill is now filled. These electrons are happy and stable. This means they don't help with bonding (at least within the elements in their pure form) or help with electrical conduction. This leaves just a lone electron in the #s orbital, no where near filling the orbital up but pretty easy to give away. Copper it is 4s. Silver 5s. Gold 6s. For all of them, this lone electron is very weakly attached. It forms very weak bonds the atoms and has little attachment to the atoms. Firstly, this gives these metals a sea of easy to move electrons floating around them, although a lot of metals have this to some degree. The sea also isn't too full, so lots of space for these electrons to move. Secondly, this means the bonds are really weak. There's where the softness and ductility comes from, weak bonds that are happy to break and reform to a new atom in a very fluid way. And as for conduction, two things matter. How many charge carriers, that is free electrons, you have. And how far they can move freely before they smash into something. What do electrons conducting electricity smack into? Well, firstly impurities. Impure gold and copper don't conduct as well. But those aside, the atoms themsleves, but only if they are vibrating. The electrons move easily around the stationary crystal, but when you add vibration, that is heat or temperature, the electrons will start to have collisions and hence have resistance. But gold, copper, and silver have weak bonds. Which means weak vibration, which means low impedance to the movement of electrons. You'll note aluminum, the other common conductor rivaling copper, is also soft. Though not for the same d-orbital just filled and lone electron in the s-orbital reason, but a different but similar setup. Aluminum isn't as good as conductor as copper, but it's cheaper and more importantly is really light, actually making it a better conductor by weight (but not by size)."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why, on maps, does Greenland never have any data?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why, on maps, does Greenland never have any data?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Many of these statistics you see on these types of maps come from reports within the country. Greenland is a part of Denmark, so technically, they could fall under the statistics of Denmark. However, Denmark might not separate Greenland's results from the mainland's. This could create odd numbers. Denmark is in the 10 of the GDP per capita. However, Greenland is not a rich place. Denmark is rich, and Greenland is a part of Denmark, but it would misleading to say that there is richness in Greenland proper. Since these map makers don't really know how to extract Greenland's specific data from Denmark, they might say that they have no data."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why do humans get emotional (high-pitched \u2018awws\u2019, omg sad faces, pouty lips, etc.) over cute animals\/fictional creatures\/baby humans? Is this reaction instinctual? If so, what is this tapping into?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do humans get emotional (high-pitched \u2018awws\u2019, omg sad faces, pouty lips, etc.) over cute animals\/fictional creatures\/baby humans? Is this reaction instinctual? If so, what is this tapping into?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Humans think round things are cute... (babies, stitch from lilo and stitch, the dream works dragons, puppies and kittens...) due to wiring in our brains that make us love babies for their roundness. It\u2019s a \u201cparental\u201d instinct. It\u2019s also why chibi and fat stuffed animal versions of things considered to be so popular and cute."} {"category":"Biology","question":"how scientists know what wavelengths are visible to different species?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how scientists know what wavelengths are visible to different species?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Two basic methods. 1. They can directly measure whether the retinal cells respond to different signals. 2. They can associate lights in different colors with the presence of food (the food is behind the door where the light is on), and see if the animal gets the signal or not."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do most cooking oils have a caloric value (ex: olive oil 120 calories) but show 0 calories when put in a spray bottle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do most cooking oils have a caloric value (ex: olive oil 120 calories) but show 0 calories when put in a spray bottle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on their respective serving size. Most of these sprays will claim that the serving size is something along the lines of 1\/4 of a second (or 0.25 grams). One gram of fat is 9 calories, so one serving size is 2.25 calories. However, the FDA rules that if a serving size contains less than 5 calories, you can round down to 0 on a label. Thus, cooking sprays are not actually 0 calories. You're still eating fats (oils)."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do space rockets start with boosters from ground and do not fly up like planes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do space rockets start with boosters from ground and do not fly up like planes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Rockets don't fly straight up. They turn to orient themselves horizontally rather quickly after launch. Getting into space really isn't about getting high up. It's about going super fast horizontally so you keep missing the ground as you fall. You want to do this high enough above the ground so atmospheric drag can't slow you down, hence why you need to go up too, but FAR more energy is needed to get the horizontal speeds required. All that means is that you don't really get that much efficiency gains by doing an air launch. Rockets are really heavy, and it's hard to lift to heavy things high up into the air and the lifting force from both balloons and airplanes drops off quickly as altitude increases. The potential efficiency gains are very small, and the added engineering complexity is huge, hence why its generally not done."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Could my own created currency relplace the dollar if it gets accepted by the majority of the people?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Could my own created currency relplace the dollar if it gets accepted by the majority of the people?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yup. That's how bitcoin started. People treated it like pop caps. You have whole bitcoins away as gag gifts. 10 years later a single Bitcoin is worth over $4000 us."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What does the space between galaxies consist of?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does the space between galaxies consist of?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's nothing really, but there are some \"things\" that could be there. There are lots of theorized things such as Dark Matter that may fill up the space. Some scientists think dark matter may compose a huge amount of the matter in the universe. We've never seen it and have none of it, but the science behind it is pretty solid."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Do particles truly move randomly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Do particles truly move randomly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is a weird one to answer because its not really a yes or no answer. From what I understand it has to do with whether or not we are looking at them. This is an old video that explains an experiment that threw the theories behind it on its [head]( URL_0 ). Forgive the crappy animation but the idea is the still cool."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does water put out fire?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does water put out fire?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To understand this, you need to have a basic understanding of how fire works. In order for fire to burn, it needs three components: heat, fuel, and and oxidizer. In a typical campfire, your heat comes from the match you lit and stuck into the fire at the beginning, then subsequently comes from the fire itself. The fuel is the logs and twigs on the fire. And the oxidizer is the open air in which the fire is burning. When you pour a bucket of water on the fire, the water sucks up the heat in the fire and removes one of the three sides of the triangle. Without heat, you've just got a couple logs and some air floating around, and thus no fire."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"when someone has a mental health issue like scizephrenia, why do the voices in their head always tell them to do messed up stuff? Why doesnt the voice sometimes just like remind them to floss and stuff.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n when someone has a mental health issue like scizephrenia, why do the voices in their head always tell them to do messed up stuff? Why doesnt the voice sometimes just like remind them to floss and stuff.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don't always tell them to do bad things. I had a friend who used to tune out mid conversation, lean out of our group, and start having a friendly conversation with \"Medusa\". He said she had power over him, but usually she just wanted to be a friend."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How can the price of anything be negative? Would they technically have to pay you for buying?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can the price of anything be negative? Would they technically have to pay you for buying?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes, that is literally how it works. It's not about oil itself having a negative price. When you hear that, they're talking about oil *futures*, a contract to sell a certain amount of oil on a certain date. If the price of oil drops too low, the person holding that contract might actually lose money if they have to fulfill it, and so are willing to pay somebody else less money to take it off their hands."} {"category":"Other","question":"What exactly is the Apollonian-Dionysian dichotomy in simpler terms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is the Apollonian-Dionysian dichotomy in simpler terms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is perhaps easiest to understand in terms of the archetypes the words come from. Both Apollo and Dionysus were gods in the Greek pantheon. Apollo was the god of things like science, medicine, and (ironically given that quote) music. He's often portrayed as rationable and reliable, but also kind of boring and distant. Apollonian behavior emphasizes rational analysis and prudent action. Dionysus was the god of wine and revelry. He's often portrayed as the life of the party, but his parties can quickly get out of hand. Dionysian behavior emphasizes fun and creativity. People who create comedy have long known that it's funny to pair an Apollonian persona with a Dionysian persona. The Dionysian pushes the Apollonian into situations where he's not comfortable, and the Apollonian tries to reason with someone who cannot be reasoned with. Both make for great comedy. The classical example of this is The Odd Couple."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does Two Separate Switches control a single light bulb work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does Two Separate Switches control a single light bulb work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are basically two wires between the switches. Lets call it a top wire and a bottom wire. The switches each connect the rest of the circuit either to the top or the bottom wire. When both switches connect to the top wire, the light is on. Both connect to the bottom wire, light is on. If they connect to different wires, light is out."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are some gas cylinders filled with other materials?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are some gas cylinders filled with other materials?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That gas is explosive if above 15 psi. Obviously there's more than 15 psi in the tank so they dissolve the gas in acetone and use the pumice like stone to absorb the liquid to keep the tank from spontaneously turning itself into a bomb."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How isn\u2019t there any lightning in a snowstorm in winter but tons of it during a storm in the summer?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How isn\u2019t there any lightning in a snowstorm in winter but tons of it during a storm in the summer?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In general, lightning is caused by a build up of electricity in the air. This build up is caused by warm air rising and quickly forming cumulonimbus clouds. As cloud particles condense they acquire an electrical charge which builds up and eventually discharges to a place where the charge is less - usually the ground (fork lightning) or lower less highly charged clouds (sheet lightning). In the winter you rarely get warm air rising at the same rate and so the electrical build up is less and lightning happens less often."} {"category":"Technology","question":"During the late 80s to mid 90s, every home computer came with their own operating system. Now almost all home computers comes with just Windows, why?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n During the late 80s to mid 90s, every home computer came with their own operating system. Now almost all home computers comes with just Windows, why?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The short answer: because Microsoft, lead by Bill Gates, engaged in illegal anti-competitive actions to drive competitors out of business and establish a near-monopoly. They engaged in [wide-spread predatory business practices]( URL_4 ) designed to drive out direct and indirect competitors in the OS market. To give just a few examples: - Microsoft used their domination of the office suite market (Word and Excel) to sabotage their competitor DR DOS, by having their software detect when it was running under DR DOS and [falsely report that it wasn't compatible]( URL_0 ). - Microsoft used their growing monopoly power in the PC market to \"negotiate\" deals with PC manufacturers (\"agree to our terms, or we'll stop supporting your PC\") for what became effectively compulsory royalties. Royalties were tied to the number of PCs sold, not the number of Windows OS supplied. Consequently, if you bought a PC from a major brand they paid for Windows regardless of whether or not they actually supplied Windows. Of course they passed that cost on to you, the consumer, and **you still paid for Windows** even if it wasn't supplied. This [\"Microsoft tax\"]( URL_1 ) made it impossible for alternative OSes such as BeOS to compete even though they were much better and faster. - Microsoft partnered with IBM to develop OS\/2 for servers, while secretly using the knowledge they gained to develop Windows NT as a direct competitor. Then, before OS\/2 could be established in the server market, they dropped out of the partnership released NT, and used their domination of the PC market to likewise dominate the server market.^1 (Funnily enough, the early versions of OS\/2 written by Microsoft were full of technical flaws which similar early versions of NT did not suffer from. It was only when IBM more or less re-wrote OS\/2 themselves was it a decent server-class OS, but of course it was too late by then.) In the 1990s, the US Department of Justice [took action against Microsoft]( URL_3 ) and found that they had [acted illegally]( URL_2 ), but by the time Microsoft was found guilty, the US government under President Bush Jr lost its stomach for doing anything about it and merely gave them a slap on the wrist and made them promise to not do it again. But for a time, there was real talk about splitting Microsoft into two separate companies to break the monopoly. The longer answer would have to acknowledge the effect of non-predatory economic factors such as network effects (if all your friends used Windows, there are advantages for you to use Windows as well), piracy (software piracy helped MS DOS spread in the first place, and especially helped Excel and Word succeed against more established incumbents such as Lotus and WordPerfect), high costs of entry etc. The Dept of Justice findings of facts does a good job at explaining those as well. Nevertheless, the major reason that Microsoft dominates the OS market is that they illegally lied, cheated, sabotaged competitors and stifled innovation. We're still paying the price for that now, even though Microsoft appears to (mostly) no longer be acting in such ways, thanks to legal actions by both the US and EU threatening to break the company apart, plus the disruptive effects of the Internet. ^1 Microsoft never dominated the server market to the same degree they did the desktop. Unix and Unix-based OSes, especially Linux, continue to hold a large share of the market. But among the *DOS compatible* server market, Windows dominated."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How much is my internet history worth and why does it matter?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How much is my internet history worth and why does it matter?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In the aggregate, as in mashed up with everybody else's data, it's just demographics and it doesn't matter much. But in the specific it could be worth your life. So let's say I'm your stalker, if I can prise your specific data out of the aggregate then I can shadow your life. Let's say I'm the malicious ex of your current S.O. and I have even the slightest law enforcement powers, or a friend that works at your cable company; I can come through and get your entire history and fish through it for things I can use against you. See when that data had no value, the ISPs had no reason to collect and keep it, outside of a specific warrant issued by law enforcement. So with no motive to keep that data they've actively fought the various interests pushing to collect the data at all. But now, to quell that corporate interest in being _actively_ _disinterested_ in your data, the Senate and Law Enforcement have decided to declare your internet history a salable commodity. Now the ISP has an financial interest in wanting to collect that data. So when a any person with the money (or law enforcement with a white letter) comes by, the data will have already been collected and a simple database search gets not just future information but your past. So basically the right to sell that data creates retroactive wiretap and snooping. But here's the thing. Making your data a commodity makes it about as safe as a sack of flour. So next time you call Comcast, be sure not to get pissy with the customer service rep, they might \"accidentally\" email the web history attached to your account to someone like, say, every person in your email history. And of course part of your background check for your next job might be buying a \"good parts version\" of your web history. I mean right now it's just a dive into your social media pages, but when they see that link to donkey porn that your friend tricked you into clicking, or that \"how to rip off your employer\" article you looked up for your last job because you thought someone was stealing from the register, well the context of how you ended up there at that \"incriminating\" site will be _gone_. So imagine looking for a job after falling into a pornado or after your \"what the fuck\" scamper through some white supremacist bullshit that you followed from some article. You were all \"do people really believe this crap?\" but the history just says you spent three hours browsing \"stabani%% URL_0 \". So you'll see a bunch of \"nobody cares about your data, don't worry\" crap. But history has shown that there is cause to worry because every previous \"hey, nobody cares\" event has turned into a shit-storm for someone. So it's sort of like the traffic laws in Tijuana. If you hear a horn honk, the car now has the right of way, so when a horn honks _everyone_ in the street dives for the sidewalks. The chances that any one person will have their life destroyed by this is very low. But it's _certain_ that some people will get royally screwed over. And most people who are boned by having a \"background check\" include this information will never know that this data was what did the job. So even as it does its dirty work, people will still think it was harmless because they cannot _see_ its influence. So if your neighbor is searching child porn, or even barely legal man-on-horse action, via your unlocked WiFi then your life may be over before you know it..."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why are Submarines affected by the intense pressure on them, but spaceships are not affected by the lack there of?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are Submarines affected by the intense pressure on them, but spaceships are not affected by the lack there of?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Inside a spaceship is 1 atm, outside is 0. Inside a submarine 1000 feet down is 1 atm, outside is *30* atm. Water pressure is far stronger than the relatively small pressure differential in space."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What's the practical use of supply and demand curves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the practical use of supply and demand curves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"An acquaintance of mine works for Coca Cola as an economist, and her job basically consists on estimating its demand curve. At least where I live, most of the tasks an economist has when working at a company are estimating demands. Now, what's the point of having these demand curves? First, it allows you to plan production and avoid over and under supply. For example, Coca Cola considered in their demand equation a month dummy, the average temperature of the past 30 days, the growth in income, the inflation rate, the price of their main local competitors, and many more that I have forgotten. Based on this information, they can project how many units they'll need to produce in a given month, and purchasing their inputs accordingly. In addition, demands are useful for determining your pricing policy. Firms tend to work as monopolists for their product, and as you probably saw in basic Micro, the demand curve is what determines the behavior of a monopolists. Taking into consideration all the variables mentioned above, they can pick the optimal price. Supply curves are also used, for example when the government regulates public services. Knowing how producers react to different policies is important in making policy decisions."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If a bullet were to travel at supersonic speed when firing, would it mean that you would get hit before receiving any audio cues?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If a bullet were to travel at supersonic speed when firing, would it mean that you would get hit before receiving any audio cues?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes, although the bullet causes a continuous sonic boom due to its speed so the delay from the sound of the bullet flying is minimal. The bang of the gun firing itself however will be delayed a few seconds if the distance is great enough."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are fencing masks covered in a net instead of a transparent plastic?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are fencing masks covered in a net instead of a transparent plastic?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fencing started out as a sport long before modern materials. Mesh was available at the time, and provides ventilation. A clear visor would fog up very quickly during the heavy physical demands of fencing."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Is math invented or discovered?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is math invented or discovered?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Discovered, numbers and algebra and the logic behind it was all already here before humans could write it down. For example, speed, acceleration, gravity and orbits were all things before humans existed, let alone gave equations for them."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do unopened water bottles never grow mold in them even at room temp?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do unopened water bottles never grow mold in them even at room temp?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mold, or spores must exist in the bottle in the first place for mold to grow. Bottled water is packaged in sterile bottles, with sterilized water so there are no mold\/bacteria living to reproduce. Your refillable bottle likely isn't re-sterilized between uses and is probably filled with municipal water that isn't 100% sterilized."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Is wikipedia going to shut down if we don't give them enough money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is wikipedia going to shut down if we don't give them enough money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They're not running out of money right at this moment, but since they actually have staff and significant web hosting infrastructure needs, you can't run an organization like that on fundraising to fundraising ad-hoc basis. You need to be able to rely on a somewhat steady revenue stream. So they have their fundraising drive at the same time every year. If they have a bumper year it just goes into the bank account for next year when perhaps they don't fundraise as much. And as you see your costs go up, you set your fundraising target a little higher or tweak the donation amounts or run the fundraising banner for a bit longer. The short of it is - do you get value from any of the Wikimedia websites? If so, consider donating. They're one of the true real honest non-profits out there and for all of its flaws, Wikipedia is a great starting point to any research project (and a great timewaster for us casuals). And while the platform can be gamed by a concerted malicious effort, in general, the information there is mostly truthful and the majority of editors and moderators strive to maintain factual, sourced, neutral unbiased information... which is rare these days."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why do things that move quickly see everything else moving slowly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do things that move quickly see everything else moving slowly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We only know that these animals can see changes in the world faster than humans. For example, most LED lights are flickering at 60 times per second but to us, it looks like a constant brightness. To an animal with faster sense of sight, they may see the actual flicker. Another way to describe it is to look at flip books. Lets say you have a flip book of an athlete running across the page. There are 10 pages and you flip them at 10 pages per second. The athlete runs across the page in 1 second. Now, an animal with a better ability to see changes would represent say 1000 pages of an athlete running across the page. Flipping the book at the same 10 pages per second takes 100 seconds for the athlete to run across. The athlete seems to be running in slow motion IF we assume we're still flipping at 10 pages per second (human perception). Therefore we think these animals see the world slower but its not like we can ask them directly. This is also how slow motion videos are generated by cameras capturing at very high speeds. Now how were these results measured? One way is to stick an electric probe into the visual nerves of the animal and flicker lights at different speeds. The electric signal should be distinct peaks at each flicker but the faster you go, the peaks will eventually blend. Animals with faster sight would see faster flicker than humans."} {"category":"Economics","question":"If one destroy enough money, can one theoretically inflate the worth of each dollar bill?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If one destroy enough money, can one theoretically inflate the worth of each dollar bill?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Not materially, no. The actual % of the total 'money' that exists and notes and coins is quite small. At a guess, 5-6%. So even destroying it all, there is still 95% of the value of 'money' that hasn't been removed from the market. I guess if you destroyed enough of them, and the central bank didn't print any more - they'd be collectors items and have more value."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How did we first find out about the difference in gravity in space?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did we first find out about the difference in gravity in space?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Take my answer with a grain of salt. I'm not a scientist. EDIT: There is a difference in gravity depending on how far away from the body (earth) you are. A person on a mountain will feel less gravity than a person at sea level. But it's such small amounts until you get far away from the planet. **First of all, gravity is not different in space.** What you're talking about is weightlessness. Which means we feel like there are no outer forces acting on our body. Let's take the ISS as an example. The ISS is constantly affected by gravity. HOWEVER, it is traveling super fast across the earth. So it's constantly \"falling\". I wish I could draw on my phone\/reddit, then I could visualize the forces. There is one force dragging the ISS down towards earth. And there is another force (\"centripetal force\") F=m*v^2*r These create the orbit. [Here]( URL_0 ) is a good link to read on orbits. > > How Do Objects Stay in Orbit? An object in motion will stay in motion unless something pushes or pulls on it. This statement is called Newton's first law of motion. Without gravity, an Earth-orbiting satellite would go off into space along a straight line. With gravity, it is pulled back toward Earth. A constant tug-of-war takes place between the satellite's tendency to move in a straight line, or momentum, and the tug of gravity pulling the satellite back. An object's momentum and the force of gravity have to be balanced for an orbit to happen. If the forward momentum of one object is too great, it will speed past and not enter into orbit. If momentum is too small, the object will be pulled down and crash. When these forces are balanced, the object is always falling toward the planet, but because it's moving sideways fast enough, it never hits the planet. Orbital velocity is the speed needed to stay in orbit. At an altitude of 150 miles (242 kilometers) above Earth, orbital velocity is about 17,000 miles per hour. Satellites that have higher orbits have slower orbital velocities. Orbiting is basically infinite freefall. There is still gravity in space (if close to a dense body). I've tried to explain it, but I don't have the tools to make it easy."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What exactly is the financial repo market?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is the financial repo market?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Simply put, time is money - having cash sitting in your bank account, even for one night, is a lost opportunity. So when the bank accounts of commercial banks exceed or are under their legally mandated reserves, they loan\/borrow it out with a repurchase agreement - this is where the term repo comes from. Basically, Bank A has $50m extra at the end of Thursday, Bank B has a need to get $50m on its books to comply with regulations - Bank A will loan out their extra $50m for an agreed interest rate, and will repurchase the loan on Friday morning. The agreed interest rate that banks charge each other for 1 day loans is just about the most fundamental metric in the entire financial system. Everything from government bonds, to commercial loans, to your mortgage is influenced by how much banks have to pay to square their books at the end of the day."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why does the selfie cam flip the picture? Cant it just take a normal picture like the front camera?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the selfie cam flip the picture? Cant it just take a normal picture like the front camera?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's for usability. When the camera is facing you, a lot of people find it more intuitive if it behaves like a mirror instead of a camera. People are used to handling mirrors, so it just winds up being more comfortable for the majority of users. A lot of phones will also let you set whether the image is flipped or not."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is a tesseract, how do we know what they look like, and what exactly do they look like?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a tesseract, how do we know what they look like, and what exactly do they look like?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"[Here's]( URL_2 ) Carl Sagan explaining it very well. I remember watching this as a kid and having an extra dimension finally make some kind of sense. I particularly like his use of the word \"shadows.\" We can [draw a cube]( URL_0 ) on a flat (two-dimensional) piece of paper, but what we're really looking at is a *shadow* of a three-dimensional cube. A real cube has 90-degree angles at every corner, a two-dimensional representation of a cube doesn't, we have to modify the angles so it fits on the paper--so it fits in two dimensions. We can build a [three-dimensional model]( URL_1 ) of a tesseract, but you notice that not all the angles are 90 degrees. This three-dimensional model is a *shadow* of a four-dimensional object that has all 90-degree angles. It's a bit of a brain-twister to imagine it, but that's good exercise for your brain. Watch the video. Carl explains it far better than I can."} {"category":"Other","question":"In school we learnt that honey doesn't spoil. So how is it that packaged honey, even those that claim to be \"pure\", have an expiration date?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In school we learnt that honey doesn't spoil. So how is it that packaged honey, even those that claim to be \"pure\", have an expiration date?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don\u2019t spoil but they do lose flavour, smell and water. If you store honey in fridge, some times you might notice it crystallises. This will happen in room temperature after a couple of years. So the expiration date is really a best by date."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How is Uber losing money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is Uber losing money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"For every $10 you pay the app, Uber takes about $6. It spends $4 on insurance and cost of running the app. It also spends about $1 on marketing, $1 on research and development, $1 on other administrative stuffs. That net -$1. * *Numbers aren\u2019t actual. Edit: 2018 actual numbers: $6 revenue - $3 cost of revenue (insurance, processing fees, incentives) - $1 operations and support - $2 marketing - $1 research and development - $1 general administrative So that\u2019s -$2 before interests and tax"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is the sky pink in the east during sunset occasionally?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the sky pink in the east during sunset occasionally?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's called [the \"venus belt\"]( URL_0 ) and what you're seeing is the redder light from the sunset lighting up the atmosphere."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why are viruses not considered living organisms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why are viruses not considered living organisms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They have no energy metabolism, they do not grow, they produce no waste products, and they do not respond to stimuli. They also don't reproduce independently but must replicate by invading living cells."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"why the earth's magnetic fields reverses?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why the earth's magnetic fields reverses?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"URL_0 They're not sure yet. But models of the movement of Earth's liquid iron core have also resulted in seemingly random reverses, so it's something inherent to how the liquid iron is behaving."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why does chewing gum disintegrate into mush after chewing too long? Why does it happen suddenly instead of gradually?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does chewing gum disintegrate into mush after chewing too long? Why does it happen suddenly instead of gradually?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"What kind do you chew? How long are we talking about? I've never experienced this."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How are diamonds formed in a lab(I am having trouble understanding the diamond seed)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are diamonds formed in a lab(I am having trouble understanding the diamond seed)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As best I understand it, they take a tiny bit of a natural diamond (the \"seed\") and then use chemical processes to slowly drop a stream of individual carbon atoms onto that \"seed,\" like someone drizzling syrup over pancakes. Since the diamond is just made of carbon itself the atoms being drizzled over it bond to it, causing it to grow by latching onto its chemical structure. So they can use this to shape the diamond to whatever shape and size they want while it stays a pure diamond in terms of actual chemical structure."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why are electromagnetic waves always portrayed as Sine waves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are electromagnetic waves always portrayed as Sine waves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"While an electromagnetic wave can have any(\\*) shape, there are two reasons we portray them as sine waves. 1. Sine waves have some very nice mathematical properties. While [the equations that describe light ]( URL_1 )can be solved for any(\\*) wave shape, solving is [particularly easy ]( URL_3 )for sine waves. Also, you can represent any(\\*) wave shape, no matter how complicated, as [the sum of many sine waves ]( URL_2 )of different wavelengths. So sine waves are clearly a mathematically good choice. 2. Many of the behaviors of light suggest that sinusoidal light waves are a fundamental property of the universe, not just a human convenience. If you send a light wave of any shape into a prism, the prism will split it up into different sine waves, with the different wavelengths (colors) going off in different directions. Light also has this dual particle\/wave nature, and the particles (photons) correspond to sine waves of a particular wavelength. (\\*) There are some boring mathematical restrictions, but they're the same for all three asterisks so let's not get into that. One last note: light is sometimes represented as a complex exponential function rather than sine waves: there's a [close correspondence ]( URL_0 )between complex exponentials and sine waves, and both 1) and 2) above are true for them too. But see [today's xkcd.]( URL_4 )"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why do the seasons line up with Earth's position relative the to the Sun?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do the seasons line up with Earth's position relative the to the Sun?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The tilt of the Earth does not change. What changes is the Earths position around the Sun and therefore the Sun is shining in different direcitons."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does ice shrink in the freezer, and what determines the rate of shrinkage?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does ice shrink in the freezer, and what determines the rate of shrinkage?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Water is an insteresting chemical substance; it not only evaporates (water to gas) but also sublimates (solid to gas or gas to solid). Part of the reason for this is that when water solidifies, it also changes form; solid water is a crystal lattice, and so takes up more space than it would otherwise take up, and has a more rigid structure. This means that as the structure melts\/breaks down, it is easy for individual H2O molecules to break away from a still-solid structure, resulting in solid and gas at the same time. This can happen at any temperature, as the process of changing state is governed not only by temperature (motion of the molecules) but also by ambient temperature (how much outside pressure is holding the substance in place). As the ambient pressure drops, more ice will sublimate. Once the crystalline structure in general collapses, the ice will begin to melt."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How alcohol companies ship huge amounts of their product internationally while keeping costs down?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How alcohol companies ship huge amounts of their product internationally while keeping costs down?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They get bottled at the plant and shipped in boxes. Usually 6-8 bottles in each box. Source: I work at a warehouse that distribute food and beverages to restaurants and grocery stores."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is it that blowing on a lit candle causes it to flicker but not go out, but a single puff of air is more effective at extinguishing the flame?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that blowing on a lit candle causes it to flicker but not go out, but a single puff of air is more effective at extinguishing the flame?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because unlike a campfire that uses a solid object (wood), a candle actually only burns the wax while it is in the gas state. When you blow out a candle, immediately after it is extinguished you\u2019ll see a small trail of \u2018smoke\u2019. This tiny trail is not actually smoke, it\u2019s wax vapour. This vapour is also the reason why a candle can be relit using a lit match that doesn\u2019t touch the wick. (Seriously, go try it) When you blow a puff, you remove the vapour (fuel) flowing up into the flame. A soft blow still allows the wax vapour to feed the flame, hence it flickers or dances in a breeze."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"If the Sahara desert used to be a jungle. Is there fossil fuels here? if not why","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the Sahara desert used to be a jungle. Is there fossil fuels here? if not why","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Having a bunch of vegetation in the past isn't enough. You need to 1) have a bunch of vegetation, 2) that gets buried and sealed in before it rots, 3) with a porous rock that can hold the oil, 4) with a sealed rock above that that can trap it. If any one of those things doesn't happen, you don't get an oil reservoir that we can actually recover fuel from. All that said, the Sahara has a ton of deposited limestone and other sedimentary rock so...maybe?"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How are bats able to fly in \"swarms\"? How are they able to differentiate their eco-location signals \/ sound from those produced by other bats? Don't they get confused by lots of other bats screaming to see their surroundings?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are bats able to fly in \"swarms\"? How are they able to differentiate their eco-location signals \/ sound from those produced by other bats? Don't they get confused by lots of other bats screaming to see their surroundings?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They can tell their own calls from those of others. Just as humans have sophisticated software for recognizing faces, it makes sense to assume bats have similar for recognizing calls. I remember reading about some tests they did. If they play recordings of other bats they can navigate no problem. If they play a bat a recording of it's own calls it does have trouble navigating."} {"category":"Other","question":"If illegal immigrants in the United States have constitutional rights, can they also bear arms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If illegal immigrants in the United States have constitutional rights, can they also bear arms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you're reading the constitution, if it says citizen, then you have to be a citizen to have that right. If it says person, then any human within the jurisdiction of the US has that right whether here legally or not. So, like the 5th and 14th amendments specify person, so they apply."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why do people get sleepy from 2-5PM but wide awake from 2-5AM sometimes? Why isn\u2019t it the opposite always?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do people get sleepy from 2-5PM but wide awake from 2-5AM sometimes? Why isn\u2019t it the opposite always?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you eat, your body has to do work to digest the food. This is why you sometimes feel tired after lunch. Most people don't eat in the middle of the night, so this isn't going to be a problem then, but when it's dark and quiet, lots of people get worried about things that they are too distracted to think about in the daytime, so they feel awake thinking about them because worry makes you alert to look out for danger."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What happens if poison expires?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens if poison expires?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"All compounds have a half life (expiration) in which their full efficacy (effectiveness) is diminished by a certain percentage. So depending on the compound, it could still kill, or it could just make the victim very sick."} {"category":"Other","question":"Itemized taxes. When would somebody do this, why, and how?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Itemized taxes. When would somebody do this, why, and how?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The standard deduction is designed to allow people who don't have a lot of deductions to avoid all the paperwork and time required to itemize. Especially for young people who don't pay a lot of state and local taxes, usually rent, and don't often make large charitable deductions (or have high medical expenses) it usually works out to a pretty good deal (the standard deduction will exceed their items) and they save time. For most income earners, once they get a mortgage (especially in states with property or income taxes where it's easy to see how much tax was paid), the itemized deduction, will allow large reductions in their taxable income relative to the standard deduction."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does some ice crack when you put in water but others not?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does some ice crack when you put in water but others not?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Okay so full disclosure I am relaying to you an explanation that was told to me by someone who may or may not have been talking out of their ass, but here goes: When water freezes it forms a kind of crystaline structure. Imagine the molecules aligning in to a grid. Now if the water is very pure, the grid will be straight and strong. If the water is less pure, say it has dust in it, the grid becomes less strong because it has to form around the impurities. When ice is put in to a warm enviroment, the molecules start to move around and the grid starts to slowly fall apart. If the grid is strong and uniform, no one part of the grid is taking a larger amount of stress than any other part. If the grid is less pure, less uniform, that causes parts of the grid to act like keystones, when they break they cause a chain reaction that causes a larger crack. Tl;dr: Ice cracking has to do with impurities in the water."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Is there such thing as a dry liquid? (My 8yr old asked me this and Google is not helping)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there such thing as a dry liquid? (My 8yr old asked me this and Google is not helping)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In chemistry liquids without water in them are referred to as dry. Liquid metals are not \"wet\" either (they do not leave moisture behind, nor contain moisture) same with liquid rock (magma\/lava)"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Do we know the number of atoms in the observable universe?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Do we know the number of atoms in the observable universe?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> We haven't yet observed all of the universe but we mean the whole universe when we say observable universe. No, we just mean the universe which can be observed in the sense of there having been time for light to have arrived to Earth. The universe as a whole is larger than that (from what we can see) but since light doesn't move infinitely fast and the universe hasn't been the way it is forever, there is a distance beyond which we cannot see. > Do we know the number of atoms? We can estimate it. It is between 10 to the 78 and 10 to the 82 power."} {"category":"Technology","question":"When you try to load a page, and it loads right as you press refresh, what happens there?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you try to load a page, and it loads right as you press refresh, what happens there?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not always coincidence! Sometimes when you see a part of the website flash just as you reload it's because the browser momentarily displays whatever it had already loaded, up until the point you hit refresh it was waiting for some data the website was supposed to provide but never did, so when you hit refresh this is aborted and the browser displays whatever it already has loaded, many times this is actually enough to make the website appear complete but maybe some functionality wasn't loaded yet."} {"category":"Biology","question":"- why is there \"good\" pain (like rubbing a sore muscle), and \"bad\" pain? Why do they feel different?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - why is there \"good\" pain (like rubbing a sore muscle), and \"bad\" pain? Why do they feel different?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Acetylcholine and dopamine are involved and released in \"pleasure pain.\" (Massages et al.) But I can't ELI5 it."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it a common for eyewitnesses to mistake a lone gunman as multiple shooters?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it a common for eyewitnesses to mistake a lone gunman as multiple shooters?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lets say theres a convention center, packed to the brim. Lone gunman comes in, starts shooting the place up. For the initial disarray, nobody has any clue whats going on, besides that theres gunfire. Fight or flight is triggered; with nothing to fight, only flight. After the initial fleeing, and the shooter starts walking around to look for hiders or chase the fleeing, people are still in an adrenaline fueled frenzy. They may mistake one person doubling back in this state as a different one, because their mind is shouting \"SURVIVE, GODDAMNIT\", and not \"Wait, is that the same sized figure in the same clothes?\". The stress of the situation means they can't fully think with rational logic, and likely won't be able to until the shooting is over and they can begin to calm down. Tldr; Its stressful and their brain is pumped full of chemicals telling them that recognizing and differentiating shooter(s) is not as important as staying alive immediately."} {"category":"Other","question":"How are laws against monopolies actually enforced? Is it a company's fault if they just simply have an uncompetable business model?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are laws against monopolies actually enforced? Is it a company's fault if they just simply have an uncompetable business model?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Having a monopoly is not illegal. Creating a monopoly on the other hand is illegal and the government will try to prevent them if they think it will cause problems. Thats why you often hear of government needing to confirm large business mergers."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do you grow thick skin mentally? How does a brain not care about someone's opinion?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do you grow thick skin mentally? How does a brain not care about someone's opinion?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One thing that helps is experience, the first time someone expresses a negative opinion of someone, they have no idea what's going to result, and they're bound to wonder about all the potential results. When it's happened many times before with either nothing occurring or something positive happening (like bonding with anyone else who had the negative opinion expressed about them), the event isn't going to be as stressful. Another thing that helps is feeling secure in your position. If someone knows that they are highly valued by others, they're not going to risk losing that relationship over a external complaints or opinions. Finally, making the realization that when you do something embarrassing, many of the people you think noticed probably didn't actually notice, or only care for a short period of time."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are American and Australian Gas\/Petrol octane levels so different?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are American and Australian Gas\/Petrol octane levels so different?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The most readily understood reason is that they are measuring different things. Europe and Australia use what's called RON - Research Octane Rating - for their number. In the US and Canada, the number is AKI - Anti-Knock Index. (There's also MON - Motor Octane Number.) AKI is the average of RON and MON. Essentially, they are completely different scales, kinda like metric v. imperial, but they both get called 'octane'."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does it feel so much better when someone else uses one of those scalp massager things on your head compared to using one on yourself?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does it feel so much better when someone else uses one of those scalp massager things on your head compared to using one on yourself?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's expectation vs. reality mismatch. There have been studies done where humans operate a robotic arm and use it to tickle themselves. If the arm moves with absolute precision, the subject does not feel \"tickled.\" If the robotic arm's movements are delayed by a couple of miliseconds, it tickles. The brain automatically models what it expects to happen. But you can't precisely map another person's actions - even if you agree on the pattern and timing, you'll likely be a few miliseconds out of sync. It's like \"situational irony\" in the body."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is most plant life on Earth green?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is most plant life on Earth green?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The theory is chlorophyll evolved to be green to take the light left by purple bacteria on the ocean surface millions of years ago, then all the purple died out and green took over. Edit: I spent to long looking through my YouTube history to get the [link]( URL_0 ) where I learned this. Skip to 5:15 to hear what I said."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is Tesla losing money on every car they make?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Tesla losing money on every car they make?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not so much that they're selling the cars below the cost to manufacture them. They're losing money because the amount they're spending on expansion and R & D is less than the profit they make from their sales."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If the blood glucose level falls below the threshold while exercising, will the body instantly starts burning fat?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the blood glucose level falls below the threshold while exercising, will the body instantly starts burning fat?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It won't start immediately, there's a delay b4 your organism sends the message & receives it where it counts. That's why people can faint from hypoglycemia + sudden effort"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why haven't we created baby growth pods yet where we would implant the zygote into a artificial womb?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why haven't we created baby growth pods yet where we would implant the zygote into a artificial womb?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"After the first IVF baby was born in the 70s, scientists and ethicists grappled with the question of how long it is appropriate to grow an embryo in the lab. Because past a certain point, you're definitely experimenting on a human person without their consent (and likely without the consent of the people who donated their eggs and sperm to create that human person). And while the technology is developing almost all of the experimental foetuses would die. But where that point is isn't clear; biologically speaking there isn't a clear line between \"cells in a dish\" and \"actual viable human\", it's a gradient. Somewhat arbitrarily they came up with the '14 day rule' which is a guideline in some places and a law in others: you can't continue to grow an embryo outside of a person's body for more than 14 days. This is a matter of some debate now though since surpassing the 14 day rule could give us a lot of experimental insights into pregnancy, and many developing pregnancies are lost past that point anyway. In theory we could do it but there are ethical questions with developing the technology."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Stupidly, I replied to a text near a petrol bowser & was embarrassingly told off over the PA system to \"GET OFF YOUR PHONE\", in front of everybody. What're the actual concerns for using phones at service stations? (And how stupid was I?)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Stupidly, I replied to a text near a petrol bowser & was embarrassingly told off over the PA system to \"GET OFF YOUR PHONE\", in front of everybody. What're the actual concerns for using phones at service stations? (And how stupid was I?)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's an urban myth that mobile phones can ignite gasoline vapor (it's actually static electricity, which doesn't come from a phone). It's complete bunk, and they're parroting misinformation. Just keep a good ole \"fuck you\" chambered when they say nonsense like that."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do extended displays for computers require display port wires? Why not have them all regular HDMI?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do extended displays for computers require display port wires? Why not have them all regular HDMI?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Equipment manufacturers have to pay royalty fees to include HDMI ports in their equipment. Displayport has no such fees so they often use Diapkayport to save money. URL_0"} {"category":"Economics","question":"What would happen in the world if all debts that countries have would be forgiven?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What would happen in the world if all debts that countries have would be forgiven?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I love the idea, but the thing is: somebody put their money into that debt. The money needs to come from somewhere. Granted, some of that money comes from other states\/nations, so you could theoretically remove them equal worth from both the lender and the lending country. Unfortunately that isn\u2019t really feasible due to different terms etc. But if we ignore all of that, it\u2019s highly likely that post reset to zero governments soon will acru new debts. Just hopefully not so much. This due to money flow. The taxes etc are not always available when the government needs money, so they might need to get money temporary elsewhere. On the plus site, most governments pay interest over their debts (NL and Germany for instance don\u2019t, they get money, they pay -0.5%). If you remove that, there will be money available to pay for other things. On a related note: That interest actually what scares me most, as a lot of nations increased their debt immensely during the 2008 crisis eg NL had 227 billion in 2001, 434 billion in 2013 and thats \u201chidden\u201d because gross national product increased and the interest rates for the Netherlands are extremely low. I worry about the next crisis and\/or increased interest rates. Anyway HTH."} {"category":"Technology","question":"the Hubble Telescope - how does it take the high definition space pictures that people post all the time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n the Hubble Telescope - how does it take the high definition space pictures that people post all the time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well the camera isn't particularly super amazing, or the optics super amazing at least compared to earth telescopes other than that it's designed to work in space. In space though you get some really really major benefits from not being in atmosphere. The downside of being on Earth is that air doesn't transmit light perfectly. Different temperatures of air moving around in particular wiggle light around. (Side note this is why stars twinkle). This makes long exposure photographs end up blurry. The amount of sharpness you can get from a photo depends on how well you can compensate for that. With Hubble you can take ridiculously long exposure photographs of dim things and be able to combine them together by referencing some brighter nearby star for aligning the multiple images, with essentially zero loss in sharpness. For example the total exposure time for the hubble deep field was 22 days."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does a goldfish die when you transfer him form muddy water to clean water ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a goldfish die when you transfer him form muddy water to clean water ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"fish usually die because the chemistry of the water is significantly different. temperature, ph levels, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite levels, any other chemicals in the system. it's rarely a matter of mud vs clean."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"how\/why does ambient noise (rain fall) help people fall asleep faster?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how\/why does ambient noise (rain fall) help people fall asleep faster?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Should be noted that it doesn't help everyone fall asleep & is also not fully understood Sound like rainfall, waves crashing on a beach etc are non-threatening sounds at frequencies that soothe our brains & help them to relieve stress These sounds are continuous & or repetitive white noise so our brain can predict them & tune them out whereas if you have total silence then our brain cannot predict the next noise it will hear so becomes more alert\/on guard in case of threat"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Down to the cellular, why does potassium stop your heart?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Down to the cellular, why does potassium stop your heart?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So, you know that muscles work because your nerves tell them to. Nerves conduct electricity, but it's not exactly the same kind of electricity that you get out of a battery. When the human body works with electricity, it's really working with ions. The main two players in nerve conduction and muscle movement are sodium and potassium. These ions move in and out of cells through specialized gates as they depolarize and repolarize, and the gradient caused by this motion is what conducts nerve signals and makes our muscles move. Too much potassium interferes with these gates, forcing them to stay depolarized. Since potassium and sodium can no longer effectively move in or out, the heart can't beat effectively."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do anti particles destroy regular particles, and what make them different from other particles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do anti particles destroy regular particles, and what make them different from other particles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"First you need to think of anti matter(and matter) as waves more than as particles here. When you have 2 or more waves in the same 'place*' you can no longer consider them individually but instead need to look at them as one single wave that is the combination of the 2. This is just like how sound waves or water waves combine. Second you need to understand that all matter and anti matter have a few basic properties that make them what they are. These are things like electric charge, spin, and chirality. These numbers tell you all you need to know about what the particle is and therefore what their respective wavefunctions are. For now lets just look at charge. Anti matter has the unique property that these numbers are simply the opposite of its matter counter part. So for a particle of chare -1 its anti matter counter part has a charge of +1. This would be something like an electron and positron. So now lets combine a matter particle with its anti matter counter part. What we have is a new wave(particle) with a combined charge of 0. Our new wave cannot be an electron or positron since charge is conserved and is not present in the combined wave. So we must have something new and in this case a pair of photons is the most likely out come of this interaction. Anti particles annihilate matter particles because that is the only(likely) out come to a interaction involving said particles. *place in the everyday physical sense is misleading but close enough."} {"category":"Other","question":"What's the difference between the different varieties of gasoline, why do they exist, and who even buys anything other than regular and diesel?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between the different varieties of gasoline, why do they exist, and who even buys anything other than regular and diesel?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The engine has to squish the mix of air and gasoline together before it makes it burn with the spark plug. But some engines reeeeeally squish it a lot (because they're trying to be more powerful), which can make the mixture burn on its own while the engine is still trying to squish it. This makes the engine break. So for these engines you have to make the gasoline harder to start burning. This 'how hard is it to burn' rating is the octane number on the pump, and the higher the number the harder to burn (and the more expensive to make it). Since new cars try to make the same power out of a smaller engine, a lot of them squish the mixture more by using a turbocharger (basically a fan that pushes in more air), which is why they need the more expensive gasoline. If your car doesn't require it, higher octane fuel just wastes money. It won't make your car more powerful."} {"category":"Physics","question":"how does hawking radiation work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does hawking radiation work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So in Quantum Field Theory, there is a concept of things called \"virtual particles\". These virtual particles form in matter and antimatter pairs, on such short time scales that they are definitionally unobservable, otherwise they wouldn't be virtual. At the edge of a black hole, some weird physics happens, and these virtual pairs can be split apart, where one falls into the black hole, and the other flies away in the form of a real particle. Except, we have to conserve energy when we have real particles, so it has to have drawn energy from somewhere, which ends up being the mass of the black hole. Of course this is horrifically oversimplified, and I only have a marginally better understanding, but this is a decent start."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"What causes \"fear\" of height?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes \"fear\" of height?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It is genetically programed into humans, as a fear of heights means you are less likely to be hurt or killed by falling."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do you feel the cold less as a child compared to when you become an adult?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do you feel the cold less as a child compared to when you become an adult?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I have several little children and I've noticed time and again that they don't seem as perceptive of their environment as adults are. I think they're still cold but their brain just doesn't register what the issue is. I've noticed this with hunger in my little children and various aches and pains. My youngest children don't seem to notice mosquito bites. I suspect that their developing brains can only process so much stimulus and when there's too much stimuli coming in to properly deal with the 'extra' stuff like body temperature gets filtered out."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it that our stomach expands when we take a deep breath but it is our lungs that are filling with air?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that our stomach expands when we take a deep breath but it is our lungs that are filling with air?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Our lungs are like sponges. They don't have muscles. Imagine you glue a sponge to your hand, and give it a squeeze. It won't open up until you open your hand up and give it room to expand! We have some muscles in between our ribs that help the chest expand, but the best way to make sure your lungs get enough room is to give them space by moving softer things out of the way. The diaphragm is a muscle below the lungs that also separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The abdominal cavity is filled with squishy organs that are used to moving around, so when the diaphragm pulls down towards the stomach, there's a lot less resistance than against the ribs. The squishy abdominal organs can just move out of the way and stretch your belly out when the diaphragm moves down, giving your lungs room."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"When it comes to bullet calibers what do the numbers indicate? E.g 7.62x39mm, 5.56x45mm, 9x19.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When it comes to bullet calibers what do the numbers indicate? E.g 7.62x39mm, 5.56x45mm, 9x19.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Example: 5.56x45mm 5.56 means the diameter of the bullet 45 means the length of the casing"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How is the NSA able to \"hack\" into someone's phone or computer device at any given time, but a hacker cannot? Does the NSA have special tools, or do companies allow them to get into peoples devices?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is the NSA able to \"hack\" into someone's phone or computer device at any given time, but a hacker cannot? Does the NSA have special tools, or do companies allow them to get into peoples devices?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> Does the NSA have special tools, or do companies allow them to get into peoples devices? It's a combination of both. The NSA develops its own tools and does intense research into applications to find their weak spots and take advantage of them. They also either ask or demand companies give them information about how to circumvent the security precautions on products like hardware and software. It's also likely inaccurate to assume the NSA can hack any specific item at *any time* and also that hackers *can't*."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is rent-seeking and how does it affect the economy on a local level and a national level?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is rent-seeking and how does it affect the economy on a local level and a national level?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Rent seeking is businesses or other entities like colleges getting legislation passed that benefits them without providing a corresponding public benefit or purpose. Example, funeral homes lobbying to prevent other businesses or manufacturers from retailing caskets. That prevents competition on price and limits the players in the game along with selection. Funeral homes sell it as a public safety thing while having no real reason for limiting casket sales from licensed funeral homes. In fact it is done simply to maintain the funeral home monopoly on sales of caskets."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why does the United States keep borrowing money from other countries when it's so deep in debt? Why do other countries continue to provide loans?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the United States keep borrowing money from other countries when it's so deep in debt? Why do other countries continue to provide loans?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The US is constantly borrowing more money, but it's also paying back old loans on time and with the agreed interest. It's just taking out new loans faster than it's paying back the old ones. As a lender, you just care whether your loan gets paid back. You only care about the borrower's total debt to the extent that it makes you worry that they might not be able to pay back your loan."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How does the moon produce waves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the moon produce waves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I assume by waves you mean tidal waves, aka tides One of the universal forces in nature is the force of gravity. That is, objects with mass attract each other. This attraction is higher for objects with more mass, and lower for less. Simultaneous, this attraction is higher when the objects are closer to each other, but lower when they are far The moon has quite a lot of mass, not as much as earth, but the moon is the largest mass orbiting the earth. So the moon exerts a gravitational attraction, or pull, on the side of the earth facing the moon. This pull stretches the earth a bit, but the largest stretch we see is in fluids, so water in the oceans. This creates a tide facing the moon. But remember, the gravitational attraction is lower the farther you go. So the ocean\/water on the far side of the earth, the side facing away from the moon, feels the least attraction from the moon towards the earth. So the stretch is highest near the moon, medium in the middle, and lowest on the other side of the earth, creating an oblong shape with two tides on the opposite sides of the earth (with the earth itself in the middle) There's also quite a bit more to it, but that'll require too much text, so I've linked a nice YouTube video explaining it here, URL_0"} {"category":"Physics","question":"how would a planet's orbit work in a binary star systems?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how would a planet's orbit work in a binary star systems?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There\u2019s two likely scenarios: The planet orbits a close pair at a great distance, and thus they act like a single object for gravitational purposes. Or The planet closely orbits one star that has a more distant (and likely smaller) binary partner. In the close binary scenario they\u2019d both rise and set together just like the famous Star Wars scene. In the far binary scenario the nearby star would dominate the day-night cycle and the more distant star would move like a planet in the sky over the course of the year."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does a negative multiplied by a negative become a positive?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a negative multiplied by a negative become a positive?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"For positive a and positive b a + (-a) = 0 (I think you don\u2019t need an explanation why this is true) a(-b) + (-a)(-b) = 0 (-b) (multiply both sides by a negative number -b) -ab + (-a)(-b) = 0 (assume that positive times negative is negative) For this to be true (-a)(-b) must equal ab so if a negative times a positive is negative then a negative times a negative is positive You can multiply everything by b instead of -b to show that if a positive times a positive is positive then a negative times a positive is negative"} {"category":"Physics","question":"what science occurs that makes red sky at night become a nice day the next? And what makes it not occur each evening?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what science occurs that makes red sky at night become a nice day the next? And what makes it not occur each evening?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I believe you mean the old saying \"red at night sailor's delight, red in the morning sailors take warning\". This saying actually does hold true most of the time. Weather travels west to east in the middle latitude regions. So in the morning, the sun rises from the east, and would 'light up' the incoming storm. In the evening the sun sets in the west so it would 'light up' a weather system that was leaving. Now, if the storm comes through after the morning, then you would get no such warning. Also, if a storm system is traveling south-north this doesn't apply."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What does it mean to have a housing market bubble? And what are the potential consequences of not addressing it? For context, take Canada's current market.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does it mean to have a housing market bubble? And what are the potential consequences of not addressing it? For context, take Canada's current market.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A bubble first occurs when an asset (stocks\/houses\/gold e.t.c) starts to become more valuable. People see the trend in the value going up, so they want to invest in it. Investing is the simple act of buying the asset, holding it for a while, and then selling it once the value has increased. However the demand for people trying to buy the asset as an investment pushes the price up, which makes it a more attractive investment and up and up the price goes in a positive feedback loop. The issue is, eventually the price might stop going up. With houses, for example, there literally becomes a point when nobody can afford them. At that point, all the people invested try to sell their asset since there's no more money to be made. This causes the price to plummet incredibly fast since the market gets flooded with people trying to sell their asset before they lose money on it. Why is this an issue? Firstly, lots of people can lose huge amounts of money very fast. Money that was perhaps going to be a retirement fund, or a college fund. However, there's a particular issue with houses, and that is that a lot of houses are mortgaged, and you can really easily end up in a negative equity situation. This is where the outstanding amount on the mortgage is more than the value of the house. So now, not only have you lost a lot of money, but you can't move house because you can't sell your house for enough to pay off the loan. If you're on a repayment mortgage (where every month you pay off some of the mortgage and pay some interest), then while it sucks - financially its pretty similar to renting (except you can't move). However if you purchased a house as an investment on an interest only basis (this is a mortgage where only you pay the interest on the amount borrowed, and after x years you need to pay off the mortgage as a lump sum), then when the mortgage term expires you're screwed! Suddenly you owe a lump sum more than the value of the house. A lot of people may have to declare bankruptcy. Because of the sheer value of the houses, a large number of people declaring bankruptcy on large loans can have serious negative consequences on the economy. Edit: Houses are a bit funny, because in many ways they are bubble resistant. You can't really buy fractional houses, so you have to save\/borrow the full amount before hand. This dampens the rate at which they can increase in value. Also, ultimately a lot of people just want to own their own home, and aren't in a rush to sell it even if financially that's the prudent thing to do. A house has an intrinsic value as somewhere to live and some land, and often buying costs the same or less than renting. So there is a genuine and significant demand for houses not as investments. However its entirety possible for the housing market to crash, as it has historically in various places. If you look at something like bitcoin, that's a classic bubble - it only has such a high value because other people are buying into it, and that's why the price is so volatile."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Considering the recent discovery of water vapors on a far away exo-planet, how the heck do scientists actually manage to 'detect' things like water vapor and other substances on far away planets?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Considering the recent discovery of water vapors on a far away exo-planet, how the heck do scientists actually manage to 'detect' things like water vapor and other substances on far away planets?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Each atom have a specific set of wavelengths of light they absorb. So you can use a spectrometer which splits the light into its different frequencies to look for these specific wavelengths in the light from the planet. This allows you to determine how much of each atom there is on the surface or at least on top of the clouds. In the case of K2-18b they discovered large quantities of hydrogen and helium but also some minor quantities of oxygen. And as we know mixing hydrogen and oxygen creates a very unstable mixture which will react to form water. So we know there is trace amounts of water in the upper atmosphere of K2-18b."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What happens to water when it goes stale?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens to water when it goes stale?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"After about 12 hours tap water starts to go flat as carbon dioxide in the air starts to mix with the water in the glass, lowering its pH and giving it an off taste"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the use of weak induction when we can use strong induction?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the use of weak induction when we can use strong induction?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To quote a reddit post from a while back about weak vs strong induction, it all lies in the differences between the two. URL_0 \u201c \u201cWeak\" induction only cares about the ladder rung you are currently standing on. As long as that one exists, you know that you can step up to the next rung. All the other rungs below you could have fallen off or exploded. You don't care: As long as the rung you are standing on is OK, then you can keep moving up the ladder. For \"strong\" induction, you need all the previous rungs to still exist before you can safely move up to the next rung.\u201d So if you don\u2019t have all the previous rungs, you must use weak induction."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is adobe flash player ending?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is adobe flash player ending?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Flash, from the get-go, has been riddled with security holes and flaws, and is generally resource-hungry and unwieldy. Ultimately it makes more sense to build some of the more useful features that Flash brought to the web in the late 90s and early 2000s into the native languages of the web, such as HTML, that have universal support across all browsers (because browsers' entire job description is to take HTML and turn it into a web page, therefore all browsers should handle HTML in roughly the same way). Because these standards are open-source, anyone with the knowledge can look at the code behind the scenes and make changes, and similarly can spot potential vulnerabilities and fix them before they become a huge vector for malicious actors. The basic gist is that we used flash despite all of its flaws because there was nothing better at making things like Youtube or Newgrounds work, but now you can do pretty much everything you would have done in Flash with HTML, WebGL, and\/or WebAssembly, so switching to that is preferable."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is it a bad idea to pay off one loan with another loan?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it a bad idea to pay off one loan with another loan?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You pay interest every month on a loan. If the second loan is much shorter and\/or at a lower interest rate this can be a good idea to save money overall. That's called \"refinancing\" and it happens all the time. If the new loan isn't really different than the previous one then you're just wasting the loan origination fees. Banks don't extend new loans for free."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How can you explain the concept of Laplace and Fourier Transform using analogies to a kid?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can you explain the concept of Laplace and Fourier Transform using analogies to a kid?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A Fourier Transform is a way of converting numbers representing a wobble to numbers representing how fast the wobble is. Sound is a wobble in the air. (gets out a guitar) When I pluck this string, it wobbles, which wobbles the air, which wobbles your ears, (pluck) and you hear the wobble. Now, what happens when I make it wobble faster? (pluck) The sound gets higher! Now, what if the sound contains multiple wobbles? (strum) How do we know what notes there are in the sound? Well, that's what a Fourier Transform is. (brings up a picture of a graph of a fairly simple waveform) You see the wobble? That wobble is made up of lots of different, simple wobbles. I'm saying wobble a lot! Wobble wobble wobble. Well, there are lots of different wobbles in this wobble, so we use a Fourier transform to turn it into (changes picture to graph of Fourier transform of function) this! You can see that the original sound (plays waveform on loop) is made up of this sound (plays simple wave), this sound (plays simple wave) and this sound (plays simple wave). (plays composite sound again). The Fourier Transform also tells you how far along the wobbles are. (animate the phase of a simple wave changing, showing a sort of shift along the complex waveform) Of course, you can use this for wobbles in other things too, like light, or water, or numbers. --- Break while we play with a slinky, guitar with strobe light, etc. to keep the interest of the five-year-old; omit this if there isn't an actual five-year-old involved. --- **Disclaimer: I don't understand what a Laplace Transform is; don't quote me on this!** A Fourier Transform is useful for wobbles along a line, but what about ripples in water? (Flicks tray of water, so ripples are visible.) To do this, we can use a Laplace Transform. A Laplace Transform tells you the same thing as a Fourier Transform, but can be used for values with two coordinates instead of just one. Yes, okay, you can play with the water."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"why certain decimals equal a whole?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why certain decimals equal a whole?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Let's take another look at 0.9999...=1. Let's start by saying that 0.999...=a. So w3 have that: a=0.999... Next, we'll multiply both sides with 10: 10\\*a=9.999... I hope that you see that there are still an infinite amount of 9s after that period. Now, we'll subtract our original value again: 10\\*a-a=9.999...-a 9\\*a=9.99...-0.99... It should be clear that the right hand side now equals 9. After all, for every 9 after the decimal in 9.999..., there is one in 0.999...: infinitely many. And so: 9\\*a=9 a=1 0.999...=a=1"} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does the Earth's atmosphere break things up?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the Earth's atmosphere break things up?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Imagine you are jumping in the pool, it doesnt hurt you, right? Now imagine you are jumping in a pool from a 5meter\/15feet tall spring\/diving board and land on your belly. Thats gotta hurt a lot. Due to your higher speed the impact on the water is much more critical. What you feel is the density difference between gaseous air and liquid water. For meteors its the same with earth. They are flying extremly fast through the emptiness of space. There is nothing that could slow them down. And then they hit the gaseous atmostphere of earth, which has a much higher density that space. You suddenly hit molekuls and material. And you do that at such a high speed that the atmosphere creates very high friction on the meteors and it will burn. You would also burn if you would run with 15-20,000 km\/h through the atmosphere. So dont do that"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why instant noodles are not good to our health?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why instant noodles are not good to our health?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The noodles themselves are fine, it's the amount of sodium in the broth that's unhealthy. Also, there's not a whole lot of nutritional value in the broth. If you took just the noodles and made your own soup to use them in, you could get a fairly healthy dish out of it."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does liquid flow unevenly out of a bottle into another object?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does liquid flow unevenly out of a bottle into another object?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"because of air flow. when you pour out of a bottle, you get that 'glug glug glug' thing happen, where a bunch of water comes out, then there's a short break before the next bunch. this is because as the water blocks the lid area of the bottle, the bottle becomes airtight, and the rest of the water cannot flow evenly. Next time you are drinking from a water bottle, try punching a hole at the bottom (if you can manage this without spilling everywhere). You will find the water will flow evenly. This is also why when you buy large water bottle things with nozzles at the bottom, you need to puncture a hole at the top of it to allow the air to flow through."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why some EU countries still haven\u2019t picked euro as their main currency?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why some EU countries still haven\u2019t picked euro as their main currency?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because using the Euro is not a no-cost\/all-benefit prospect. It greatly simplifies cross-border trade and can make borrowing costs much cheaper. However, in the event a country's economic performance, particularly price inflation and its debt load, are out of sync with what's going on in the wider EU, not having the levers of monetary policy at the government's disposal greatly reduces what it can do. Greece can't just devalue its currency to lighten the load of its debt because it doesn't control the value of its currency. In other large currency blocs this is an issue, too. Take the US for example, inflation and debt load may be way different in Idaho than in New York. However, it is far easier to use government spending funded by one part of the US to prop up another part than it is for the EU. It was politically crippling for Europe to offer Greece bailouts. Similar payments effectively happen in the US every year with next to no political consequences."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is your mirror image in a spoon upside down?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is your mirror image in a spoon upside down?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Place the spoon in front of your face: the *lower* part of the spoon is curved *upward*, so it reflects what's *above* your eyes; the *upper* part of the spoon is facing *downward*, toward the ground, and so it reflects what's *below* your eyes. The lower part shows the above, the upper shows the below: the image is upside down."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How do people know there are fossils inside rocks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do people know there are fossils inside rocks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"First off. The area where they are hunting is known as a \"Fossil Bed\". That means the odds are many of the ricks have fossils in them. Second: the presence of a fossil affects the way the rock is shaped. When you have seen a lot of them you develop an eye for it. Not all of them have a fossil but if you keep the video rolling you will get a good on on video eventually!"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is clown phobia so common?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is clown phobia so common?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There was a line in CSI, where a character pointed out kids find clowns creepy. Uncanny valley. Clowns try too hard. Someone simultaneously smiling and unhappy is fundamentally disturbing. Clowns like all comedians are predisposed to mental illnesses such as depression."} {"category":"Technology","question":"for what reason does technology turn off when too cold?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n for what reason does technology turn off when too cold?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Batteries operate off of a chemical reaction that is facilitated by heat. The lower the temperature the less power output it has, until it is below the voltage threshold for the device to run."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What exactly is a spark, and how does it occur?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is a spark, and how does it occur?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on what kind of spark you're referring to. If you mean the sparks you get from a firework or from striking steel and flint for instance, the spark from a firework is a small mote of burning chemicals and the spark from the steel is a small piece of very hot steel. If you mean a spark like what jumps from your hand to a doorknob and gives you a shock; certain conditions can cause your body to pick up a static charge, essentially loose electrons from the environment. When you touch a conductor, like the metal doorknob, the electrons jump from you to the doorknob, causing a visible (and tangible) discharge."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do people often wake up really early (usually with a lot of energy) after getting drunk the night prior?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people often wake up really early (usually with a lot of energy) after getting drunk the night prior?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Alcohol interferes with sleep (specifically REM sleep) so we are easily woken up. Though we seem to have lots of energy (the other stages of sleep are enough to provide this short term boost), our sleep was not restful, and we will soon feel lethargic until we can compensate with REM-rebound sleep"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What makes an equation\/formula receive the description \"elegant\" or \"beautiful\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What makes an equation\/formula receive the description \"elegant\" or \"beautiful\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I don't think there's any official definition there, but some equations are \"clean\" like the famous E=mc^2 and some include numerous unexplained constants and correction factors. Take a simple chemical kinetics formula, r=k[A]^a [B]^b A and B are concentrations, a and b are the ratios of the reactants in the formula. What's k? k is some nebulous value determined by experimentation. It's an approximation of \"reactability\" that draws from the shape and composition of the chemicals involved, collapsing all the minute details of the reaction into this \"k\" It's not calculated from known values, it's a bunch of unknowns smashed into a single constant that you just have to measure. Ugly The more of those your equation has, the uglier it gets - it's skipping over understanding the underlying physics by just measuring what the answer is and backfilling the equation."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are clapboards necessary when filming movies?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are clapboards necessary when filming movies?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They have been used to synchronise sound and picture. I'm not sure, if they are still necessary."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What are the 11 dimensions and how do they work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the 11 dimensions and how do they work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Great minds think alike. Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: The 11 dimensions of the universe. ]( URL_1 ) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Extra dimensions in physics ]( URL_5 ) ^(_23 comments_) 1. [ELI5:11 dimensions of string theory ]( URL_0 ) ^(_14 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why does string theory require 10 dimensions? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5: String theory - why are there 11 dimensions? ]( URL_3 ) ^(_10 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do we know other dimensions exist? Like the second dimension, fourth, and so on ]( URL_2 ) ^(_19 comments_)"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do Comcast and the big companies fight against net Neutrality? Like wouldn't they make more money in the long run with more consumers and cheaper ads instead of fewer users who are paying more for certain websites?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do Comcast and the big companies fight against net Neutrality? Like wouldn't they make more money in the long run with more consumers and cheaper ads instead of fewer users who are paying more for certain websites?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"User numbers are not changing in the scenario. People need the internet. They are fighting against laws that limit how much they can overcharge their customers."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why does the price of everything keep going up?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the price of everything keep going up?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Central banks, more or less, have control over how much money is in circulation and also have a fairly good idea of the amount of stuff produced and services provided. As such, modest inflation, and thus increasing prices, is a policy choice. The reason why is that it incentivizes investment (why hold cash instead of spending it or lending it to someone with a productive use for it if it will decline in value over time?) and helps avoid deflation (decreasing prices), which creates a feedback look sapping investment and spending (why spend your money now when it will be worth more later?)."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How come astronauts can do space walks even though the temperature in space is -445C?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come astronauts can do space walks even though the temperature in space is -445C?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So, first, the temperature in space isn't -445 C. I believe absolute zero as defined by Kelvin is -273 C. Space has the background cosmic microwave radiation and that's at about 2.5 Kelvin or -270 C. Space is the closest thing we have to an actual vacuum. So there are no particles to carry away the heat. The only way to lose heat in space is by radiation (radiating it away, mainly in the form of infrared radiation) and evaporation\/sublimation (a tiny part of heat loss in space). If you insulate a human that is generating enough energy to keep their entire BMI at 37 C or 310 K they will have more than enough heat to keep themselves warm. In fact, if you add to your spacewalk the sun's energy, i.e. you are walking in a sunlit section of the ISS, and depending on the incident angle of the radiation, you will likely need a way to actually whisk away the heat that builds up in your suit! I'm not an astronaut or a physicist. Hopefully this helped though :)"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is credit ranged in the weird way it is?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is credit ranged in the weird way it is?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Can you clarify your question? I'm not sure what you mean by ranged in the way it is."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Where do people catch rare diseases from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where do people catch rare diseases from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lou Gehrig's disease is a good\/bad example for your question. In that we *don't know,* by and large, where it comes from. That being said, what you are referring to is primarily specific to diseases that result from a bacterial or viral source. You don't spontaneously get the flu, you get attacked by flu viruses that came from somewhere else. This isn't necessarily the case for all diseases. There are diseases which are genetic, there are diseases which result from inhaled toxins, from foods, where you didn't necessarily contact some sort of \"lead poisoning\" disease but rather are suffering the effects of contact with lead. Diseases could also arise from a deficiency, like you don't eat enough healthy veggies, or impairment or injury of an organ, or even psychological trauma, in a broad sense. Not all diseases require direct contact with \"the disease in some other location,\" in other words."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How can a business avoid paying taxes in a state by registring their business in a Tax Haven state like Delaware?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can a business avoid paying taxes in a state by registring their business in a Tax Haven state like Delaware?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Businesses don't register in DE strictly for tax purposes. DE has a unique Court that strictly handles corporate law (Chancery Court). As a result, there is a large volume of case law and the model helps minimize the costs and time associated with commercial litigation. It is true that DE doesn't tax corporations that incorporate there but don't do business in the State, but that mostly encourages them to incorporate there while not doing business. I guess there are some savings there tax-wise as well, since DE doesn't take a piece so long as they don't do business there. However, any business they do in the State is still subject to whatever the corporate tax rates are there. Keeping it ELI5 - each state sets up corporate taxation differently (gross receipts, nexus, apportionment, etc.). Even out of state businesses can still be found to have a tax obligation if they do business within a state. So if some brick and mortar company sets up shops in State A, even though they are incorporated in State B, they'll likely have some type of tax obligation in State A. But, like all things law - it will depend on all the state laws in place. I suppose companies might also shave some of the incorporation fees and start up costs by setting up shop in Delaware or Nevada rather than a more tax-heavy state."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why can\u2019t a camera sensor have variable sensitivity across for a given image?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can\u2019t a camera sensor have variable sensitivity across for a given image?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The ISO isn't the voltage the sensors are at. It's how far the amplifier at the end is turned up. High ISO = the \"volume\" knob on the amplifier is high. The thing is there is usually only one or a few amplifiers for the whole sensor. If you have multiple amplifiers, you can have variable ISO. Canon DSLR cameras have ~~two~~ four amplifiers, each handling one quarter the rows of pixels (one every 4 lines each). With modified firmware called [Magic Lantern]( URL_0 ), you can set them to two pairs at two different ISOs and basically get single-shot HDR images or HDR video, at the cost of some resolution. Edit: Four amplifiers, not two. Why four but you can only have two ISOs? Because the chip is wired that way, and because of the way the sensor is laid out: every second line only has red pixels or blue pixels (all lines have green pixels), so if you changed the ISO differently for those groups, you'd end up with the red pixels at one ISO and the blue pixels at another ISO, and that would be a mess."} {"category":"Other","question":"how we ended up using a \"standard\" tuning on guitar?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how we ended up using a \"standard\" tuning on guitar?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As you have noted the guitar is mostly tuned in 4ths, with a major 3rd between the G and B string. The advantage to tuning in fourths is that it makes it easier to play melodies across the fret board. But it also makes it harder to play chords. By switching to a major 3rd interval the notes on the higher strings come down a fret making it easier to reach for forming chords. If the guitar was all fourths it would be EADGCF -- the problem here is that barre chords would be tough, because you have a minor 2nd between the low string and high string which doesn't sound well. So you would have to compensate with fingering and lose the ease of being able to slide a barre up and down the neck."} {"category":"Other","question":"What Does It Mean To Have A God Complex?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What Does It Mean To Have A God Complex?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Schizophrenics often think that they are responsible for everything happening to them and around them. They think they are willing the sun across the sky and controlling other people's behavior as well. It's similar to solipsism I think. Or did you mean a Messiah complex? Because that's a different thing altogether."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why does your nose get stuffy when you cry?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does your nose get stuffy when you cry?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There\u2019s a small duct that goes from your eye to your nose. So when you cry , the excess fluid goes through this duct (the nasolacrimal duct) into your nasal passages."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do some metals manage to kill bacteria?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do some metals manage to kill bacteria?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It totally depends in the situation, the metal in question, and the bacteria in question, but the general gist is that **some metal ions are toxic** to certain life forms. A common example, though technically not about bacteria, are [copper IUDs]( URL_0 ). After insertion, they slowly release copper ions, which kills sperm cells. The copper is slowly depleted, which is why they only work for \\~5 years."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How can a DNA test detect if someone is 1\/64th or less of a certain ethnicity, if each person only has 46 chromosones?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can a DNA test detect if someone is 1\/64th or less of a certain ethnicity, if each person only has 46 chromosones?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Children don't just inherit whole chromosomes from their parents. Chromosomes mix together during the reproductive process, so that a child's chromosomes will share some genes with the chromosomes of each parent without being identical to either."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What causes less-dense objects to float \"upwards\" instead of random directions until it finds equilibrium?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes less-dense objects to float \"upwards\" instead of random directions until it finds equilibrium?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The forces don't work that way it is that the more dense objects experience a greater gravitational pull so are pulled downwards which results in the less dense objects floating on top of them."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are some orgasms more intense than others?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are some orgasms more intense than others?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Numerous factors but the main thing to keep in mind that the idea orgasm is an explicit expression of pleasure is fundamentally false, the act can be very pleasurable however orgasms themselves are fairly mechanical in nature. It's similar to tickling, being tickled can be pleasurable or not depending on circumstances but your bodies physical response to the act of tickling is largely the same. This commonly comes up during rape where it is not uncommon for the victim to experience orgasm and the false link to pleasure often makes victims feel guilt or adds to the massive mental trauma such an event induces. As for why sometimes you orgasm harder than others I don't think there is an exact answer however it will be a combination of factors such as hormonal levels at the time, physical condition, the thing causing you to orgasm can also have a large effect, for instance, some sex toys are designed to enhance the orgasm such as being designed specifically for anal stimulation. This is not to say that context is irrelevant and some people find being with a partner they trust or have a strong emotional bond with a key element to reaching orgasm, this, like most things, is just a response involving thousands of complex hormonal and neurological interactions. Really the key is to find what works for in a healthy and safe way. Chances are if you have an intense orgasm and try to re-create that situation as closely as possible you would probably have somewhat equal response, that's just a guess though."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do you get tired from holding a heavy object?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do you get tired from holding a heavy object?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The short answer is your muscles arent actually stationary when youre holding something. Muscle fibers \"twitch\" continuously, and at a high frequency when exerting force and holding something stationary. It might not be enough to physically see but it is happening. So they are applying force over distance, just a short distance."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How can we sleep at night without any pimples and wake up with a big one? how do pimples grow overnight?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can we sleep at night without any pimples and wake up with a big one? how do pimples grow overnight?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you look really close, we humans are covered in billions of little holes that leak all kinds of liquid, all deliberately though, our skin likes covering itself in oil and sweat, even if we think it's icky. While we are awake we sometimes feel that ick, and do something about it like wiping or washing. While we are asleep we just throw our face at a pillow and lie there for a while, so any ick that wants to come out sometimes can't because the pillow is in the way. Sometimes that seals the hole that the ick was trying to escape through, making it worse. No big deal, our skin can puff up and carry this excess ick till there's another way to get rid of it. 'Popping a zit' is basically forcing a brand new hole in your face for the ick to escape from, which is super icky and actually damages our skin, but our skin is amazing and grows a new layer, pushing that old and punctured layer off. Most dust and dirt in a home is human skin falling off the very surface of us. Sounds scary, but all part of the plan :)"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do you sometimes feel like you're about to cry but suddenly and involuntarily stop yourself?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do you sometimes feel like you're about to cry but suddenly and involuntarily stop yourself?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I'm going to take a few angles on this. **Part 1 - Biology** Emotions can come and go quickly. It's very normal. Earlier today I was crying - grieving for my grandfather as I was recalling the night that he passed. A few minutes later I felt better and moved on with my day. It doesn't make you any less human that emotions pass through you, sometimes very quickly. I had your exact concern, and my therapist confirmed that this happens, and it's perfectly normal. **Part 2 - Culture** I'm a male from the US. I recognize you may not be. US culture has historically had a very narrow definition of masculinity. It's about being 'tough', which translates to hiding your emotions, not being emotionally sensitive, and not expressing your feelings. If you do that, you're a sissy, a girl, or < insert phrase from your childhood > . Think of all the male personas that US masculine culture centered around in the past; they are all 'cool customers', and virtually emotionless one-man armies: John Wayne, Clint Eastwood, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Duke Nukem, Bruce Willis, James Bond, Sylvester Stallone, Chuck Norris, Jason Statham. \\[US\\] Culturally, for men vulnerability is seen as weakness. I think this is changing, but just speaking to historical standards. **Part 3 - Upbringing** Your upbringing can have a large affect on how you metabolize emotion. I was brought up in a household with an angry and tyrannical father figure. I learned quickly to hide how I felt, not express emotion, just say 'yes-sir' and keep my head down. Through some very long work with a therapist, I've discovered that this become my defacto way of interacting with people in my life, and of processing emotion as an adult. As in, you don't feel, you just ignore what you're body is telling you and push through. As I re-learned how to process emotion, it blew me away how much I was pushing down. There was a lot more there than I ever would have guessed. \\------------------------------------------------------ Edit: A couple adjectives. Edit: Added part 3."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is audio quality always bad when you call someone, but over Skype or Discord it can sound really good, even if they are calling with their phone?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is audio quality always bad when you call someone, but over Skype or Discord it can sound really good, even if they are calling with their phone?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I am not sure about this, but i reckon it is because Skype\/Discord uses your WiFi or ethernet which has more bandwidth."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why is it we can see something, mentally acknowledge it, and still trip or run into anyways? Is this the same as pushing on a door when you clearly read it say \"Pull\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it we can see something, mentally acknowledge it, and still trip or run into anyways? Is this the same as pushing on a door when you clearly read it say \"Pull\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The most impressive part of the human brain isn't what it notices and reacts to, but the things it filters out. You see everything, you've collected that information. When a car passes you see the licence plate but you don't memorize it, you can see a flight of stairs but not automatically count the steps, when you see words you read them, but you may not acknowledge their meaning or respond to it. So just getting the sensory input doesn't actually mean we truly acknowledge it and make adjustments to other automated behaviour we're doing. The information just doesn't get sent to the right place to actually stop the action we were taking."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do some phone batteries have more capacity than laptop batteries?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some phone batteries have more capacity than laptop batteries?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They haven't. I'm pretty sure you are basing this on the amp-hours rating of the batteries. Let's take Apple for a second, and I chose that only because they sell both. iPhone 11 is a 3110 mAh (milliamp-hour) battery. MacBook Air is 4379 mAh. So those are close, right? Nope, not at all. Why? Because amp-hours is a rather stupid and misleading rating without more knowledge. I have no clue why it's used. Basically the amp-hours is how much electrical charge the battery stores, *but it does not say with how much energy that charge is held.* That would be the voltage. To compare batteries you need to multiply the amp-hours by the voltage to get the watt hours. Then you can compare. Watt hours being how much power it can supply and for how long, aka the energy. 1 Wh can last 1 hour with 1 Watt of power. Or 2 hours at half a watt, or 1\/2 hour at 2 W. Amp-hours only works for comparison if the voltage happens to be the same. In the case of phones (3.7V) and laptops (12V), it does not work. iPhone 11 is 3.83 V, so gives 11.92 Wh. MacBook Air is 11.4 V, so 49.9 Wh. They aren't close, the MacBook Air, a really small and weak laptop, is over 4x a phone battery size."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is HTTPS and what data can our IPS theoretically see and realistically see?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is HTTPS and what data can our IPS theoretically see and realistically see?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The ISP will see you are visiting URL_0 , but HTTPS will hide the fact that you are searching for hardcore midget porn. Edit: On the other hand, if you were to use HTTP (with no S) your ISP will be able to map your dirty mind."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Is it possible to \"catch up on\" nutrients?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is it possible to \"catch up on\" nutrients?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your body requires certain micro-nutrients (basically vitamins & minerals), which it can't produce on it's own in order to properly rebuild & maintain certain types of tissues. We're fairly good at storing them, but stores will diminish & signs of deficiencies will usually occur after a few weeks depending on which one we're talking about. As to your question, (assuming daily caloric needs are met on this diet) these stores work on a ~weekly basis, so yes you could \"catch up\" in a sense with micro-nutrients, but eating a diet of mainly animal protein one day or fruit the next--and much more so on a weekly basis--will most likely cause intestinal distress as well as cholesterol & insulin heavy days, which could tax your system & increase your risk for various metabolic and\/or heart disease. Which is why a balanced daily diet is clinically recommended and easier to maintain."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do baby's have their fists clenched all the time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do baby's have their fists clenched all the time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Instinct reflex. It goes out after some time, but it\u2019s an inborn reflex for not letting go"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does graphite stay on paper?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does graphite stay on paper?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Graphite is relatively soft, and as you scrape it along a surface, tiny bits of it crumble away and stay behind. These bits are insaaanely individually tiny and make up an extremely fine powder. Paper is not as smooth as you might think. It's covered in ridges and pores and little valleys. So as you are dragging the graphite along a piece of paper and leaving the trail of ultra fine powder behind it, you're also applying a bit of pressure between the pencil tip and the paper, effectively packing the graphite dust into all those grooves and pores and ridges in the paper. Erasers work because they're soft and also extremely porous, wich allows them to sink into the textures along the surface of the paper and collect that graphite dust up in it's own surface, taking it from the paper. As you can imagine this process doesn't work perfectly every swipe, which is why erasers sometimes leave smudges behind."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How is Tesla's stock trading around $200 even after posting around $400m loss last quarter?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is Tesla's stock trading around $200 even after posting around $400m loss last quarter?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Stock prices are based on two things - current earnings and future earnings. Tesla's current earnings aren't great, but lots of people think they'll have really great future earnings. People want to get in now so that they can have a bigger piece of those earnings."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why did diamonds become so valuable?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why did diamonds become so valuable?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Wedding rings were for a time supposed to be a women's birthstone. But that changed due to a clever marketing campaign by De Beers. They invented the famous slogan \"A Diamond is Forever.\" De Beers had a monopoly at the time and with marketing driving up the demand De Beers was able to crank up the price on cut diamonds to ridiculous levels. De Beers marketing campaign managed to convince a lot of women that a man should spend \"two months salary on a diamond ring to prove you're worth it\" When in reality diamonds have very little intrinsic value. As precious stones go they are not particularly rare and are mined quite extensively. Just clever marketing."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do materials in an alloy create a substance that has different properties to the base materials, even though no chemical reaction takes place between the materials?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do materials in an alloy create a substance that has different properties to the base materials, even though no chemical reaction takes place between the materials?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Steel is a good example. It's made of iron and carbon. Iron atoms are relatively large compared to carbon atoms. If all you have are iron atoms, they pack together, but there are small spaces between the atoms. If you add carbon to the mix, the smaller carbon atoms can fit into the spaces, making the alloy much sturdier than pure iron."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why do thunderstorms seem to be more intense at night than during the day?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do thunderstorms seem to be more intense at night than during the day?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A thunderstorm's intensity is a direct result of the moisture in the atmosphere. During night the radiation from the sun is not hitting the surface of the Earth; this increases condensation, which increases clouds, which cause thunderstorms."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What's with the popcorn kernels that don't pop?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's with the popcorn kernels that don't pop?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Popcorn pops because of steam pressure. The inside of the kernel contains starch and water, which are contained in a hard shell. When you heat it, the starch liquifies and the water turns to steam. When the steam pressure gets high enough, the shell explodes, the starch instantly solidifies, and the corn is popped. If the shell is broken, steam won\u2019t build up. Bad kernel If it is too dried out, not enough pressure will build up. Bad kernal"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do video games often crash when they have too many things on screen at once?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do video games often crash when they have too many things on screen at once?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Wow first time I\u2019ve been able to answer one of these. You won\u2019t be able to generalize this to every game, but for the most part this causes the program to run out of memory. Every object on the screen needs to be tracked in memory, programs (and computers in general) have a limited amount of memory and when that limit is reached and the program tries to use more execution will fail causing the game to crash."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is there a higher danger threshold for acids than bases, if most of our body is slightly basic?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there a higher danger threshold for acids than bases, if most of our body is slightly basic?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your body uses acid to digest food, so it has a pretty high tolerance for acidic things when you eat it. You'll notice that most of the stuff on that chart you put up is food on the acid side. You've got a lot of systems in your body for dealing with acids (Especially ones you eat). So it just seems like they aren't as strong from that chart."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why can you sleep all day, wake up very late at night, and be dead tired\/sleepy just a few hours later?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can you sleep all day, wake up very late at night, and be dead tired\/sleepy just a few hours later?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Essentially, your circadian rhythm. Internal clock. You would have to change your schedule for say.. a week, before it would change to fit your new schedule. And it wouldnlikely take more time even after that to have a permanent change. Although light, eating schedule, etc can affect your circadian rhythm as well."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does fiber optic internet work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does fiber optic internet work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fiber is just a transport medium for light, just like how copper is a transport medium for electricity. Within some manufacturing specs, intrared light will travel down a fiber optical cable as it snakes and bends through (typically) underground conduits and comes out the other side without much distortion. So rather than treating voltage vs no-voltage as 1 and 0 for binary transfers, we treat light and no-light as 1 and 0 instead. And now we have a means of sending and receiving data over longer distances than we can with copper (while retraining signal integrity). Over short distances or where running lots of strands is reasonable, a single connection will be made of 2 fibers, one for transmit and one for receive. Alternatively two different wavelengths of light can be used, one on each side, and a single strand of fiber can be used in both directions. Most \"fiber to the home\" installations do that."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How do you find out if an item is \u201cone in a __________\u201d? Example, if the item has .34% chance of you having it, it is one in a _________","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do you find out if an item is \u201cone in a __________\u201d? Example, if the item has .34% chance of you having it, it is one in a _________","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":".34% means 0.34 per 100. the rest is just maths; 0.34 per 100 means 34 per 10000. divide 10000 by 34, and it would be one in 294ish."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why humidity at 100% doesn't basically mean breathing water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why humidity at 100% doesn't basically mean breathing water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If a sponge is 100% saturated, so that it can old no more water... is the sponge now made of water?"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do babies switch from breathing liquid in the womb to breathing in normal air as everyone else does?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do babies switch from breathing liquid in the womb to breathing in normal air as everyone else does?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Babies in the womb don\u2019t breathe liquid. Their lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, but they get their oxygen through the umbilical cord, directly into the blood stream"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"what is the significance of the closure property in math?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is the significance of the closure property in math?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It matters because with a closed operation you never have to worry about \"handling\" any numbers outside the set. Several mathematical operations do weird things under certain conditions: some things go screwy with negative values, divide by zero, infinity, looping around 360 degrees for trig function, logarithm of zero, etc. Several physical functions do something similar...trying to address memory addresses larger than the computer has memory or numbers larger than the computer can store causes all kinds of programming issues With a closed operation, you're mathematically assured that your results will always land inside the set (assuming your input came from inside it). That means, properly implemented, you can't accidentally get a value outside the set that will break your operation or something downstream that's using the output. Error handling is a \\*huge\\* deal for many practical engineering systems, having closed outputs helps a lot with cutting down how much and what kinds of errors you need to handle."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What's the difference between value and saturation in colors?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between value and saturation in colors?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> I understand that value determines the brightness, and saturation is about the dullness or intensity of a color Ya. That's pretty much it. ...That's it. You've got it. Brightness vs color. Two different variables. You can have bright white paint with a little red mixed in giving a bright but mostly desaturated \/ dull \/ low-intensity color. You can have pure red paint... in the dark, so you can hardly see it. Bright and dull vs dark and intense. These are two different physical properties. Amplitude and frequency. Your eye has 4 receptors. Rods for [nightvision]( URL_0 ), which doesn't have color and gets over-ridden in bright settings so we're going to ignore it. And then there's 3 types of cones. Red, Green, and Blue. They respond more to different frequencies of light (there's a lot of [overlap]( URL_1 ) with green and red). When you see stuff, the cone nerves wiggle with an intensity equal to how many photons hit your eye. The is brightness, the amplitude of the lightwaves coming in. Depending on which cone nerves wiggle, you pick up what [frequency]( URL_2 ) the lightwave has. If the red cone nerves wiggle while the other cones don't, it looks red. If they all wiggle, it's a mix (and it's a grey-white light). Color is the differentiation between the cones. And a lot of light is a mix of frequencies. (And polarity, which we can't see at all)."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does biting aluminum foil feel unpleasant but biting on a metal spoon or fork doesn't?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does biting aluminum foil feel unpleasant but biting on a metal spoon or fork doesn't?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Aluminum foil is just the processed and pressed, oxidized element; where as steel is a stable alloy, and other flatware materials, like silver, are much less reactive. Due to the Al being raw-ish, when you bite down the foil, your saliva, and your teeth create a mini battery. You may get the same sensation with really cheap or plated silverware, especially if you have metal fillings."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"how exactly is the carbon footprint measured? And is it affected by the product being bio-degradable?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how exactly is the carbon footprint measured? And is it affected by the product being bio-degradable?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I saw a convincing tweet that the \"carbon foorprint\" idea was pushed by big oil and industry as a way to distract from us banding together and passing laws to effect change."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does an artist go from recording a song to making money off a streaming service (like Spotify) if you can listen for free? Does amount of plays affect how much they make?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does an artist go from recording a song to making money off a streaming service (like Spotify) if you can listen for free? Does amount of plays affect how much they make?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Spotify is just the platform. The artists or labels still own the rights. Anyone can put a song on Spotify. You\u2019ve gotta think, Spotify premium is $10\/month and I\u2019m sure they have millions of subscribers, then they also have ads that play that I\u2019m sure they make their money from. Each Spotify stream on a song will make like $.00001 or something like that. 1 million streams on a song pays out around $7000"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How early Morse code telegraphs transmitted eletric pulse to that specific sound?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How early Morse code telegraphs transmitted eletric pulse to that specific sound?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The electrical pulse energizes a solenoid (basically a coil of wire) with a piece of metal inside. This causes the iron to be temporarily magnetized (called an electromagnet). This magnet draws another piece of metal to it (that has a spring attached) and when it strikes, it makes that click sound. When the pulse ends, the electromagnet demagnetizes and the piece of metal is returned by a spring making a return click. That sound is simply pieces of metal striking each other."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why in the winter is it still cold when the sun\u2019s out and there\u2019s no clouds, but if it were like that in the summer it\u2019d be awfully hot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why in the winter is it still cold when the sun\u2019s out and there\u2019s no clouds, but if it were like that in the summer it\u2019d be awfully hot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because the sun is lower in the sky in winter. That means the sun rays hit the earth (where you are) at a flatter amgle. That means more of the heat bounces of and back into space, so the area doesn't heat up as much"} {"category":"Physics","question":"How are we so sure we all see the same colors? like, the color of the sky is blue but how are we sure that the blue we see is the same?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are we so sure we all see the same colors? like, the color of the sky is blue but how are we sure that the blue we see is the same?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We're not, and we don't. Take colorblind people for example, they don't see the same colours as those without the blindness. Moreover, in my personal experience people often have discussions whether a colour is for example blue or green, meaning that they either don't see it as the same colour or they have different concepts of the colours. Also, some people have an extra photoreceptor meaning that they see additional colours. In general, it doesn't matter whether you see the same colour - as a child you're taught the sky is blue and leaves are green, so whatever you perceive those colours as are now blue and green for you. These articles might help: URL_1 URL_0"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does a RBMK reactor explode?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a RBMK reactor explode?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Reactors use really hot water that\u2019s maintained at a constant pressure as a coolant. The pressure prevents the water from boiling at its normal temperature. If there is change in this balance and the water turns to steam in the \u201cprimary coolant loop\u201d the water becomes ineffective as a coolant. The reactor gets hotter and so does the water. More heat, more steam. This causes a feedback loop and eventually something in the system will break down."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do major competitors such as Burger King and McDonalds put their restaurants right next to each other?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do major competitors such as Burger King and McDonalds put their restaurants right next to each other?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a state of compromise that is reached between two competitors who try to corner the same market. Look at it this way, imagine a beach with a single ice cream vendor. It doesn't matter much where he stands as everyone on the beach has to go to him to get ice cream. Now a second vendor enters the fray. They start off by taking opposite sides of the beach, and each have access to about half the people on the beach. But if one of them wants to get increase his sales, he can move closer to the middle of the beach, which would make his stall stand closer to a larger amount of people, effectively giving him an edge over his competitor. When the other guy sees his, he'll move closer to the middle as well to negate that advantage. Now they could just keep moving around daily in an attempt to try and get an edge over the other, but eventually they'll both just end up settling on standing in the middle, giving them both the same amount of access to the clientele."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why when I'm in total darkness\/dim light do I see colors?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why when I'm in total darkness\/dim light do I see colors?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"These bits of light or colour are called *phosphenes*, and are normal to see when in really dark settings, or increased by just about anything stimulating your eye or optic nerve. Pressing one's eyes will cause a lot of phosphenes for example. Seeing them in the dark is also knows as \"prisoner's cinema\""} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do certain foods change colour when they\u2019re cooked?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do certain foods change colour when they\u2019re cooked?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends on the food, but the most common reasons are sugars being caramelized or proteins being denatured. Both are just fancy ways to say that the molecules break apart and become something else. The same thing will happen more slowly even without cooking."} {"category":"Economics","question":"hy doesn't the US congress close offshore tax loopholes for corporations?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n hy doesn't the US congress close offshore tax loopholes for corporations?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"they are the same people, US congress is composed of the same people on the board of companies."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"What is a dust devil? Can they be dangerous? How do they form?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a dust devil? Can they be dangerous? How do they form?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A dust devil is a mass of swirling air kinda like a small tornado. It gets its name from picking up dirt as it travels. Tornadoes form from hot and cold air masses spinning from the sky downward. Dust devils form from spinning air from the ground up. Sometimes they can cause damage; however, it is not common. Most will just mess up your hair and pelt you with dirt."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are some people homosexual? Is it the same reason some people have an extra toe?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are some people homosexual? Is it the same reason some people have an extra toe?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"No one really knows. The general theory is that it's caused by genetics; this has strong backing with several pieces of evidence. Twins are much more likely than most people to share sexual orientation; families tend to have a concentration (or lack of) gay people; and girls who have the same mutation in a particular gene as gay guys tend t\u00f8 be more attractive and have a stronger sex drive. It's also thought that hormones can affect the expression of this gene; as a mother has more sons, it is increasingly likely for each successive son to be gay."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does love cause \"butterflies\" in your stomach?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does love cause \"butterflies\" in your stomach?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's actually a lining of neurons around the parts of your stomach connected to your brain. It takes part in your fight or flight responses, and is alerted to pretty much any elevated and\/or extreme emotions"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Does the size of a brain in any given species always determine intelligence?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Does the size of a brain in any given species always determine intelligence?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Intelligence has a direct correlation to the size of an animals brain when compared to the size of the animal. For instance, we humans have very large brains for our bodies. That means that we have extra processing power beyond what is required for basic motor function. Many birds also have large brains. They can solve problems and simple box puzzles to get food. Dogs on the other hand have proportionally smaller brains than birds or humans. They can recognize commands that they are taught through repetition, but typically cannot solve problems on their own."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do text files like .odt or .doc change its structure\/layout when opening them with a different version of Word\/Open Office?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do text files like .odt or .doc change its structure\/layout when opening them with a different version of Word\/Open Office?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The file format tells the program opening it how to structure the data for you to see it. If the program you\u2019re using doesn\u2019t recognize the file format, then it has no idea how to lay everything out, so you\u2019ll often come up with a page full of gibberish."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does wireless charging work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does wireless charging work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A moving electrical field creates a moving magnetic field, and a moving magnetic field creates a moving electrical field. Transformers, that change the voltage of a source, work like this, and there is no actual wire connection in a transformer. The magnetic field induces a current in the nearby wire. This is how wireless charging works: it's a \"transformer\" that uses the magnetic field created by the source to induce an electric current in the receiving device. It's simple but not as efficient as a wired connection. The small amounts of actual energy involved make the efficiency trade-off small enough to live with."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do scientists know there is liquid water on planets from other solar systems?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do scientists know there is liquid water on planets from other solar systems?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You know how the ocean appears blue? That's because water absorbs other colors in the spectrum. Every substance absorbs light differently. How it absorbs the light is like a signature. When light passes through the atmosphere of an exo-planet, we can compare it to the direct light of the parent star, and see how the colors have changed. That tells us what's in the planet's atmosphere ."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do people want to live on Mars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people want to live on Mars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Its more like your Lamborghini is reaching 300k miles and you need to prove that you know how to buy a car so you stop by a used car dealer real quick before you order your new Lamborghini. Humanity will not be able to live on earth for ever. Global warming, Resource depletion, Overpopulation are all happening its just a matter of which one hits first. At some point we have to find a new long term solution and mars is a perfect temporary solution to prove that our methods will work for more distant planets."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do chess sites detect cheating?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do chess sites detect cheating?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"URL_1 has some sort of \"advanced algorithm\" that they refuse to release. To me, this proves that the decision is highly subjective. That said...Basically the moves of a player are run against an engine and if they match too closely for too long a period of time, it becomes progressively more likely that the player is cheating with an engine. I was part of an experiment with the creator and owner of URL_2 a few years ago. I was given a bunch of top level correspondence games and a bunch of games from banned URL_0 cheaters and was unable to differentiate the games with any statistically significant accuracy. To make this scientific I'd have to have access to URL_0 's methodology, but it was enough to convince me that cheating detection is highly inaccurate."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"- Why does asking someone to help us choose between things help us to solidify our answer, even if it is not the choice that the other person suggested?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why does asking someone to help us choose between things help us to solidify our answer, even if it is not the choice that the other person suggested?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You're probably already leaning toward one answer. If they agree with you, it reaffirms that you made the right choice. If they disagree with you, but you disagree with their reasoning, that can again reaffirm you made the right choice. If they disagree with you, and manage to convince you of their reasoning, your choice has changed **and** someone agrees with you, so that's basically the same as if you agreed initially."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why are we told to breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth if all the oxygen gets in your blood stream in the lungs either way? Would it not be better to just breathe in and out of your mouth for the most oxygen?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why are we told to breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth if all the oxygen gets in your blood stream in the lungs either way? Would it not be better to just breathe in and out of your mouth for the most oxygen?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The nose warms, filters and moistens the air so that it\u2019s ready for the lungs. The mouth just draws in air without warming, filtering or moistening the air. Breathing through your nose reduces the amount of dust and crud that gets in your lungs."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do recaptchas work? And why do people need to repeat them over and over again sometimes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do recaptchas work? And why do people need to repeat them over and over again sometimes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Humans read text by looking at the lines on a page and seeing a pattern. We see that a straight line, no matter how long it is, looks like the letter 'L' or 'I'. We see that a line with a 'foot' at the bottom is an L. We see that any two lines with a line between them is an H. But a computer can't think like us, it can't think, 'oh, that kind of looks like other L's that I've seen, that must also be an L.' (well, they can to an extent, but it takes a lot of time and processing power, and they don't always get it right). Instead, a computer stores all of its information as a series of 0's and 1's, and if I write a basic program to display text on the screen, it's going to use one of a few common methods of converting 0's and 1's into letters or symbols. Most computers are programmed (as part of the operating system, like Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, etc.) to understand certain sequences of 0's and 1's in the same way. So if I output a bunch of characters on the screen with basic programming, then it's easy for another programmer to write some code to look for the 0's and 1's in the file that has the letters. On the other hand, if I take letters (say, 'ABCD'), and use a randomizer to swirl them around a bit and store it as an image file that the computer only understands as a bunch of dots in a rectangle (which is what you'll see in any image on a screen if you look real close), most people would still be able to read the text because they recognize the pattern. But now I can't just write a program to 'read' the text in the picture. So if I show the image on my website, I already know the correct sequence of characters, but a computer would have a more difficult time figuring out what those letters are. & #x200B; Today, regular number\/letter captchas aren't 100% secure because we have better code to solve them, and there are other ways of getting around them (like sending captchas to low-paid humans to solve all day). So Google has the thing where you click images of stop signs or crosswalks or whatever, and they can cross-reference that with other people's results or what their software expects, and that's how they know if you're a human, because it's all pattern recognition that's harder for a computer to do. They use that data to help with their self-driving car company, Waymo, and probably for other stuff as well."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How does scientists calculate the surface area of planets and\/or landmasses on Earth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does scientists calculate the surface area of planets and\/or landmasses on Earth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The surface area of a sphere has a known formula. This can be derived using calculus. More accurate surface area calculations can be used by applying that same calculus to a more accurate oblate ellipse of the Earth's cross section, like the [WGS 84]( URL_0 ) model. Planets, are just like Earth, but the data is not as precise. Calculating land vs sea is done with photogrammetry. Pictures are used, but it gets complex (in the case of Earth) because the land under Antarctica isn't externally visible."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do interest rates affect the economy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do interest rates affect the economy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Interest rates affect the cost of borrowing. Contrary to popular belief, central banks do not control interest rates. They try to regulate the money supply to influence them but ultimately the market sets the rate. Interest rates are a function of many things. How much money is available to lend, how much risk there is, aggregate quality of investments available, etc. When interest rates are high, it is expensive to borrow so companies invest less in new projects. People are incentivized to save money instead of spending it and to borrow less for major purchases. Stocks and other risky investments become less attractive because low risk investments good. When interest rates are low, all of the opposite happens. However, low interest rates tend to cause speculation and mal investment. Also the money supply increases because people make more loans using fractional reserve lending. All of this causes inflation to rise."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why if I go to bed a 2am do I have an easier time getting up than if I go to bed at 10?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why if I go to bed a 2am do I have an easier time getting up than if I go to bed at 10?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You're probably hitting your sleep cycles correctly at wakeup time. You may find going to bed at 11 instead of 10 may be helpful, as most tend to have a 3 hour sleep cycle"} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is a Forex Market and how does the trading takes place in the FX Market?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a Forex Market and how does the trading takes place in the FX Market?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"Forex\" stands for \"Foreign Exchange\". It's a market where currencies are traded against each other. Forex markets are where the exchange rates for currencies are established, in the same way prices of stocks are established in stock markets. They also work pretty much the same way. Basically, you have a large number of traders posting orders that say e.g. \"I have 3 million EUR and need USD, and I want at least 1.158 USD per EUR.\" And you have a [matching engine]( URL_0 ) which every couple of milliseconds finds the exchange rate at which the largest number of currently open orders can be fulfilled, and then does so."} {"category":"Other","question":"When fireworks are launched, what do we hear? The firework being launched, or the firework exploding in air?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When fireworks are launched, what do we hear? The firework being launched, or the firework exploding in air?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The initial FOOMP\/POP is the launch gunpowder exploding and launching the firework itself. The cannon-shot-loud BANG is the firework exploding into its respective flower or flag or star, what have you."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do non-stick frying pans work at a molecular level?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do non-stick frying pans work at a molecular level?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, aka Teflon is a fluorocarbon molecule. Made from carbon atoms and fluoride atoms. It doesn't like to stick to anything, forms no atomic bonds with other atoms, because it's stable as it is, carbon-fluor bonds take a lot of energy to break, so it likes to stay that way. Then how does it stick to the pan? The aluminium that most Teflon coated pans are made from is pitted with tiny tiny holes all over it's surface, and the Teflon gets stuck in there. But it's not a strong adhesion, which is why you needed to treat those pans gently, no scratching, and no cold water intro a hot pan, the Teflon will detach over time. TL;DR Strong independent molecule that don't need no man."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is standard deviation ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is standard deviation ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You're probably familiar with the concept of an average or *mean*. In some sense, the mean tells you \"where your data is\" - is it mostly big or small, is it close to 0 or far away, etc. Standard deviation tells you *how far from the mean your data is* on average. It's a measure of how \"spread out\" your data is - a high standard deviation means your data is spread out, a low standard deviation means it's piled up close to the mean. It's a tad more complicated than this, but that's the way you want to think about it conceptually. Mathematically, you get the standard deviation by figuring out how far each point is from the mean, squaring those distances, averaging them, and then taking the square root. For example, if you have five people whose heights are {50, 55, 60, 65, 70}, we can easily compute the mean (60). Then the distances from the mean are {10, 5, 0, 5, 10}. Squaring these gets us 100, 25, 0, 25, 100, and averaging those gets us 50. Then the square root of 50 - about 7 - is our standard deviation. Compare that to a different collection of heights, say, {60, 70, 80, 90, 100}. This collection has a larger standard deviation of about 14. We can interpret this as saying that the second collection {60, 70, 80, 90, 100} is in some sense \"more spread out\" than the original collection {50, 55, 60, 65, 70}."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is inflation so important for the economy to go?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is inflation so important for the economy to go?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It encourages you to spend\/invest as if you hold cash it will decrease in buying power. If zero inflation then decreased incentive to buy\/invest."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How come some erasers are terrible and just leave black smudges all over your work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come some erasers are terrible and just leave black smudges all over your work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you write you spread graphite to a surface and it sticks to the surface. Erasers are stickier than paper and the graphite sticks to the eraser instead. If an eraser is bad quality it wont be as sticky as needed and you end up spreading the graphite"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do our bodies generate heat and maintain warmth internally?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do our bodies generate heat and maintain warmth internally?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Chemical reactions within the body, such as oxidation \/ reduction reactions done during cellular metabolism, generate heat as a byproduct. That heat is used to maintain warmth. In the event that the body is cold, the body will increase its metabolism in order to generate more heat to compensate (homeostasis). Interesting point - the part of the brain that regulates body temperature is the hypothalamus."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"what makes quartz crystals so useful?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what makes quartz crystals so useful?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One major aspect of quartz is that it is piezoelectric. This is when a material will produce a tiny amount of electricity when deformed by physical force. Such a behavior is very useful in things like sensors for microphones, guitar pickups, and ultrasound sensors for medical imaging. Another major use is that the piezoelectric behavior works in reverse where the crystals will slightly deform when electricity is applied to them. A sort of \"tuning fork\" can then be constructed that will resonate at a specific frequency and kept resonating by applying a small electric charge. That resonance then can be used to keep time with high accuracy, hence the concept of a \"quartz watch\". There are other obvious uses for timekeeping in electronic devices."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"What\u2019s the cause and effect of an iceberg breaking off?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What\u2019s the cause and effect of an iceberg breaking off?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Ice sheets move. As new snow falls in the elevations it compresses into ice and gravity carries it downhill. Slowly, but inexorably. The end of the ice sheets stick out over water. Ice has weight, even though it can float. When it extends to a point where enough of it extends past land the weight can contribute to it, quit literally, snapping off. Warmer temperatures can and do contribute to and potentially aggravate this process, but the basic mechanics are above. As for what happens, the new iceberg drifts, melts, breaks up, drifts more and eventually melts."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do you feel tired from thinking very hard although you're just sitting on a chair?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do you feel tired from thinking very hard although you're just sitting on a chair?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"[The brain is 2% of your body weight, but accounts for 20% of your daily calorie use]( URL_0 ) Your brain runs on glucose and glucose levels can be consumed faster than they can be restored during periods of hard thinking."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does dry ice squeak loudly when it is pressed against certain metals?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does dry ice squeak loudly when it is pressed against certain metals?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's the sound of carbon dioxide making metal contract and expand quickly. [Longer explanation - There is a pressure drop associated with the increase in the speed of a fluid. The dry ice vaporizes into carbon dioxide gas when a comparatively warm metal comes in contact with it, creating a change in pressure. Because metals are good conductors, they transfer ambient heat to the surface of the dry ice. This increases the rate of vaporization of the dry ice. As more and more gas is created, it pushes through the points where the metal touches the dry ice, creating a pressure drop that draws the metal and dry ice together again. As the metal is pushed up by the evaporated gas and drawn back down by the pressure drop, it will vibrate quickly enough to hear an audible noise. Reeds in woodwind instruments operate under the same principle. Depending on the conductivity of the type of metal, the frequency will be different.]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Other","question":"How do new words get popularized? Sometimes I see a synonym to a word an think, how was that word thought of and popularized? How do words and synonyms become popularized?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do new words get popularized? Sometimes I see a synonym to a word an think, how was that word thought of and popularized? How do words and synonyms become popularized?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Somebody starts using it, then people who spend time with that person keep hearing it. Eventually, they start using it too, and so it spreads. Before cars, people lived in smaller populations that were much more isolated. Each of these towns and villages would develop their own dialect, and so lots of variations crept in to languages. Then, when travel became easier, the different synonyms began to mix. Britain is a great example of this. The rivers and hills meant there were loads of small populations that were isolated from each other, even though they were only a few miles apart. It's part of the reason why British accents are so diverse, and how you can work out pretty well where someone is from with just a few questions about language use."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it dangerous to eat raw chicken or raw eggs, but you can eat rare steak, which is very bloody?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it dangerous to eat raw chicken or raw eggs, but you can eat rare steak, which is very bloody?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Chicken and eggs frequently have salmonella contamination. This is because chickens carry the bacteria, and in processing the meat, the bacteria naturally gets spread to the smaller pieces. Beef don't carry salmonella, but it can be picked up in the processing plant. Because beef is often eaten in larger pieces, the contamination from processing stays on the outside, and is killed with even slight cooking. However, ground beef, because of the smaller pieces, is much more easily contaminated, which is why people can [die from eating it. ]( URL_0 ) It is still really important to keep kitchen utensils and your hands clean while preparing beef though."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do slot machines work, and are they truly random?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do slot machines work, and are they truly random?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Past ones had a physical mechanism that would spin the reels by you pulling the lever. Modern electronic ones work the same as any other computer, with a random number generator (which is technically pseudo-random, but for all intents and purposes is essentially the same as \"true random\") running in the background that is used to calculate the given results of a pull on the fly when you pull the lever. In the US at least there is requirements that said generator be cycled in the background (to prevent timing it) and that odds on electronic slot machines be \"constant\" (meaning that a machine can't go \"quiet\" after a payout, for example). (In the event of simulated versions of physical games like roulette they also require the odds to match the physical game version)."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If I eat more food than usual, I still feel hunger at the same time as any other day, why is this?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If I eat more food than usual, I still feel hunger at the same time as any other day, why is this?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hunger is not dictated by the amount of accessible energy. It is a function of the hormonal cascade within your body."} {"category":"Technology","question":"what's the difference between an OLED screen and just a regular LED or LCD?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what's the difference between an OLED screen and just a regular LED or LCD?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: What's an OLED display and how is it different than a regular LED one? ]( URL_6 ) ^(_22 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Difference between LED, AMOLED, LCD, and Retina Display? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What do OLED screens do that make them an improvement over LCD screens? ]( URL_3 ) ^(_._) 1. [ELI5: Difference of LCD, OLED, and AMOLED that can be easily understood ]( URL_5 ) ^(_8 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What is the difference between LCD and LED displays? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What is OLED? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do OLED work? ]( URL_2 ) ^(_2 comments_)"} {"category":"Other","question":"why is reading \"good for your brain\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is reading \"good for your brain\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Reading, ideally, requires one to exercise the language processing center of the brain. It can teach a person a great deal, expose them to new ideas, force them to grapple with difficult concepts, and form reactions to the things they read. Put simply, reading is a form of mental exercise."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How did Amedeo Avogadro come up with his Avogadro's number in the 1800s?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did Amedeo Avogadro come up with his Avogadro's number in the 1800s?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The short answer is, he didn't. Avogadro was the man who came up with the idea that there *was* such a number -- or, more specifically, the idea that the volume of a gas is related to the number of atoms or molecules of the gas, rather than to the type of gas it is. (For example, a cubic metre of hydrogen should have the same number of molecules as a cubic metre of nitrogen, which should have the same number of molecules as a cubic metre of methane.) This was a *big fudgin' deal*. It was French physicist Jean Baptiste Perrin who suggested naming it after Avogadro, after setting a value on the constant in the early 1900s, about a century after Avogadro was doing his work. (Perrin didn't exactly go without recognition for his efforts; he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926.) There had been other methods of trying to discover such a number (including one which included measuring the charge on electrons), but Perrin's used the idea of Brownian motion. The exact way that Perrin discovered this is complicated to say the least -- you don't win a Nobel for tying your shoelaces, after all -- but it involved a discovery that Einstein had made several years before relating to the way forces acted upon a single particle in a solution. (Particles of all types are in constant motion in a liquid or gas, and collisions between these particles determines how other particles will move. This movement is basically random, but over many, many events you can determine a series of averages. Like I say, it's complicated, and figuring this out was next to impossible until Einstein hit on what is now known as [the Stokes-Einstein equation]( URL_0 ).) This was all theoretical until Perrin tested it by examining the movement of visible particles in a solution through a microscope -- as many of two hundred of them -- to see if they fit the pattern that Einstein had predicted. They did, which was convenient, and as a result of proving that the equation worked, Perrin was able to deduce a value for Avogadro's constant. (For people who want something a little meatier, in 2015 scientists at Harvard [recreated Perrin's experiment using modern cameras]( URL_1 ).) It's worth pointing out that this estimation wasn't a right-first-time sort of deal; experimental values rarely are. Perrin's original estimate was 7.151023\u00b710^23, which is pretty damn close to the modern value but not exactly. As of 2019, the definition of the mole -- that is, a mass of something that contains exactly Avogadro's constant's number of molecules -- is possibly changing. It used to be that it was the number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12, which always included some degree of measuring error. After being accepted by IUPAC, Avogadro's constant will be set firmly at [6.02214076\u00b710^23]( URL_2 ) from May 20th, 2019 -- no measuring error needed. It will be defined as *exactly* that number."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how do microphones not include system sounds?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do microphones not include system sounds?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The simplest systems just turn off the speaker when the microphone is in use and turn off the microphone when the speaker is on. More modern systems use signal processing algorithms to filter the sound from the speaker out of the microphone signal."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What happens to your body and brain when you \"relax\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens to your body and brain when you \"relax\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Psychologist here. Ok, so in your body there are two systems that work against one another: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system amps you up. It increases your heart rate, shuts down your digestion and decreases blood-flow to non-important areas of your brain. In extreme cases, this can lead to shock, by the way. The parasympathetic nervous system does the opposite. It kicks in if there is no stressor around and relaxes you. The idea here is that your body can't run at full throttle all the time, otherwise you'd have a lot of wear and tear. Now, how does this system kick in? There's a cool model, called the \"transactional stress model\". It basically says that the stress response is determined by two factors: how dangerous you perceive a situation, and how many resources you perceive to have to deal with it. If a situation is not dangerous and you have a lot of resources, it wont be as stressful. The parasympathetic nervous system will kick in and your \"stress level\" decreases. (I'm simplyfiying A LOT here). To help yourself relax you can... A: Deal with stressors (finish tasks that stress you out) B: Change your perception of the stressors (Is it really that dangerous? Is it really important?) C: Change your perception of your available resources (for example: realize what people could help you, realize just how much time you have to deal with the issues at hand, etc.) One thing proven to help with stress management is mindfulness meditation (for extreme cases see the mindfulness based stress reduction program). Mindfulness meditation can actually alter your brain structure to strengthen the parts that are important for emotion-control. & #x200B; So to sum it up: your mind evaluates a situation and your body reacts to it. What you feel as stress (heart pumping, headaches, restlessness) is the reaction. By changing your perception, you change the reaction. Hope that helps. Edit: wow, this really blew up! Thanks for all the feedback and the awards. I should clarify a few things though. First: I'm not a therapist. I specialized in work-psychology. Second: I don't do remote diagnosis. If you have specific issues, talk to a professional in person. Edit 2: I have a youtube channel URL_0 where I'll have a video on stress management in Darkest Dungeon, soon. So if that sounds interesting, subscribe \ud83d\ude09"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"- why are hydrogen cars not more prominent?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - why are hydrogen cars not more prominent?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They're not particularly efficient or long-ranged, and they're a lot more prone to explosion than any other kind of car. So, there's not much interest in them. Electrics have them beat for efficiency and gas has them beat for convenience. Without interest, little to no infrastructure develops to support them, and so any small amount of interest that does form is squandered."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Is there a reason why train horns have to be ridiculously loud?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there a reason why train horns have to be ridiculously loud?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Trains are difficult to stop. The horns are really loud to bring awareness to their presence. It's easier for a car or a pedestrian to move out of the way than it would be for the train to make an emergency stop."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do eyeballs roll back when someone is passing out?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do eyeballs roll back when someone is passing out?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s loss of muscle tone. If you slow down footage of someone blinking, their eyes roll back a tiny bit before the lid closes, and you can see the same thing in heroin use, in extreme pleasure and in sleep. The direction you eyes look is controlled by six muscles and if all of them relax (for whatever reason) the eye rolls back. The last time I read about this would have been twenty years ago so happy to be corrected."} {"category":"Biology","question":"when do people start realizing it\u2019s their first day in life ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n when do people start realizing it\u2019s their first day in life ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don't realize it is their first day of life. Babies are aware of very little and do not understand the world or themselves. They just react to stimuli which is mostly crying when hungry, sleepy, or dirty. And they turn their head when something presses against their cheek, suck on whatever is put in their mouth, and grab whatever is put in their hand. Babies have to learn that their hand is part of them. And they have to learn that their mom is not part of them. Eventually infants are told that there was a time before they were alive, but it is not something they are inherently aware of."} {"category":"Economics","question":"- Why does Inflation Occur? Is it Inevitable with our current economic system(USA)? Can't we just legislate it away(Assuming a semi controlled mixed market)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why does Inflation Occur? Is it Inevitable with our current economic system(USA)? Can't we just legislate it away(Assuming a semi controlled mixed market)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Inflation happens because, while more money is being used, no more stuff is being made. In more economic terms, inflation is what happens when the money supply grows faster than the actual economy. If there's $5,000 and 5 cars, each car sells for $1,000. If there's $50,000 and 5 cars, each car sells for $10,000. In the latter scenario, the dollar itself is worth less because there is more of it. Overriding this with fixed prices causes products to be sold faster than they can be made. If store shelves are empty, money is worthless anyway. Inflation is intentionally caused by most governments. They do this by growing the money supply at a careful rate to maintain a small but steady inflation rate. This encourages people to spend or invest money instead of sitting on it; something which grows the economy."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do cloud virtual machines (AWS, Azure) display your desktop?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do cloud virtual machines (AWS, Azure) display your desktop?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"At the core all you need to display an image is to do some math and generate an image in memory. After that some additional hardware is needed to translate that stored info in memory into HDMI or VGA, or whatever protocol your monitor uses. With a virtual machine you don't even need to have that extra bit of hardware, instead using a virtual monitor. (Basically just some space in memory to hold an image) What a graphics card does, however is add a lot of special processing hardware (your GPU) and dedicated RAM for graphics only to make the math needed to run gaming graphics go a whole lot faster. Virtual graphics instead uses the CPU and system RAM to do the same thing. Processing power and RAM is just shared with the rest of whatever is running on your PC. For just showing a desktop this is usually enough. Edit: Changed integrated to virtual cause that's the right term."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do gift card companies make money from discounted cards?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do gift card companies make money from discounted cards?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If I buy a $100 gift card for $85, the company is getting $85 right now with the expectation that they'll have to give me $100 worth of whatever they sell at some undefined point down the road. However, not all gift cards get used. Have you ever received a gift card to somewhere you have no intention of going? Or found a gift card you received years ago on a shelf? The company got that money but never had to give anything to anyone in exchange for it. Over time a company can track how much money in gift cards never gets spent by looking at how many gift cards they sell vs how much stuff is bought with gift cards. Say they determine that 17% of gift cards sold are never used. Well, if they sell their gift cards at a 15% discount, they're still making a 2% profit. So the answer is that they know not all gift cards are going to be used, and they've calculated that by selling them at a 15% discount they'll still turn a profit."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do dumplings sink when frozen but float when cooked?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do dumplings sink when frozen but float when cooked?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The dumplings contain a chemical leavening such as double-acting baking powder or baking soda. These chemicals release carbon dioxide gas when heated, so the dumplings puff up a bit. This lowers their density and they float."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is a quick method for counting the tubes in this picture?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a quick method for counting the tubes in this picture?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Normally the area of a rectangle is base\\*height\/2. In this case 8 and 8 aren't the base and height - they're not perpendicular to each other. The first row has 8 tubes, the second has 7 tubes, and so on. So the triangle has 8+7+6+...+1 tubes. This is a simple [arithmetic series]( URL_0 ) with a simple formula: (first item + last item) \\* (number of items) \/ 2 = (8+1)\\*8\/2."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"When a signpost indicates X miles to somewhere (a town\/city), is there a particular part of 'there' to where the distances is measured to?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When a signpost indicates X miles to somewhere (a town\/city), is there a particular part of 'there' to where the distances is measured to?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A lot of cities have a defined referance point as to where the center is and all distances are calculated from. Usually the town hall or the town square. The official centers of big cities is usually quite famous. For example the official center of London is a point in Trafalgar Square, even though this point is in the city of Westminster and located about 2 miles west of City of London. If there is no such defined center it is common to use the population center or just use an arbitrary spot. Most of these distance markers do not need to be accurate enough that the actual location of the center within the city center is important. This also shows as a lot of them is rounded to a more estetical number and usually placed where it fits the best rather then at the exact marker point."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do some injuries leave permanent scars while others heal without a mark?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some injuries leave permanent scars while others heal without a mark?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on the injury and genetics. Your skin is made up of different layers, the top layers get replaced regularly to heal damage and prevent skin cancer. The lower skin layers do the replacing of skin cells and house nerves and hair roots. If an injury only damages the top skin layers, the lower skin layers can replace the lost cells. If the lower skin layers are damaged, they can't replace themselves and expose your insides to potential harm, so they get patched up with scar tissue. But the body does work on replacing or at least softening up scar tissue you whole life. Scars do fade. Tl;dr shallow injuries only damage skin cells that are meant to be replaced anyways. Deeper cuts actually hurt the permanent skin cells and leave scars."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do software programs usually ask to restart your computer after installation, and does it really make a difference?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do software programs usually ask to restart your computer after installation, and does it really make a difference?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"These programs create entries in your Windows Registry. Its a database to store eg. settings and other useful information to the right place. Restart is needed so the Programm can accsess all the information in the right order at once! Most of the time its not a big deal except if the program uses some hardware or messes with windows in a way (eg. creating a virtual drive)."} {"category":"Other","question":"How does the black market for organs work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the black market for organs work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We talk about how things in the west are corrupt. But they aren't, not in any real way. To do something like this you need first a doctor who has zero ethics. Then you need a hospital that has zero ethics. And you need a population base around the hospital that doesn't mind that their doctors and hospitals have zero ethics. Then you need a fairly large supply of unwilling donors who can hold onto the organs until someone who matches one of them with money comes along. This generally means prison populations which means you need jailers, administrators, and a government with zero ethics. And then its just a matter of paying a price and having another human being killed so you can have their liver or lung or whatever. So... You basically need an entire country where the government, locals, hospitals, and doctors are all ok with doing basically anything in return for money. You can likely name a few countries like that and ironically they are all countries that are supposed to be much less greedy than the evil capitalist Americans."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why do popcorn companies put the nutrition information for both popped and unpopped bags?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do popcorn companies put the nutrition information for both popped and unpopped bags?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Two factors here, size and absorption. In the US, the FDA ensures that you are accounting for all the food in your package. This matters because when you pop in the bag, you are changing the product in manner that is going to make the *useful* food you get out of it different than what they have to account for. Say what???? So in an unpopped bag, they have X amount of popcorn, and Y amount of fat. Then unpopped info is going to add up all the stuff and tell you what's in it. But when you pop it, you're changing the structure of the popcorn and removing it from the bag. When you do that, you're going to leave a lot of stuff behind. The oil\/fat the popcorn pops in gets absorbed into the bag, in a measurable way. They then provide you with the average nutrition information of the popped popcorn *after accounting for the stuff that gets left behind*."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do parts of the body, let\u2019s say the legs, arms or head randomly start hurting? I was laying in bed ready to go to sleep when my leg started to hurt. Why is that ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do parts of the body, let\u2019s say the legs, arms or head randomly start hurting? I was laying in bed ready to go to sleep when my leg started to hurt. Why is that ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends how old you are. Could be growing pains, could be soreness from using those muscles. Lots to factor in really."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do traffic lights have a different hole for each coloured light rather than just putting them all in one?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do traffic lights have a different hole for each coloured light rather than just putting them all in one?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I was always told it was for people who are red-green colorblind who otherwise couldn\u2019t tell what color it is."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How much water would there need to be on Earth before the crust starts to liquify?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How much water would there need to be on Earth before the crust starts to liquify?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's not how rock works. If you add water to the Earth, land floods. Under the water, the granite mountains are still granite, just under water. It's not going to liquefy unless the rock gets hot enough to melt."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do grep's algorithms work, and what optimizations were made to it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do grep's algorithms work, and what optimizations were made to it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Take a look at the very thorough post from RipGrep\u2019s author. URL_0"} {"category":"Technology","question":"What\u2019s the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What\u2019s the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Computers, like houses, need addresses. The internet is a city, and this city is being built. With IPv4, the city planners we only allowed to use numbered addresses up to 2^32 unique combinations. With IPv6, the city planners are now allowed to use both letters and numbers, up to 3.4 x 10^38 unique combinations."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What is the difference between cement and concrete?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between cement and concrete?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cement is an ingredient in concrete. Cement is a blend of various minerals, such as calcium and silica. When you take cement, add water, and combine it with rocks and sand, you get concrete."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does table salt contain dextrose? Isn\u2019t that a different form of sugar?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does table salt contain dextrose? Isn\u2019t that a different form of sugar?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Dextrose is added to iodized salt primarily because it's a cheap and effective stabilizer for potassium iodide. Over time, the potassium iodide added to iodized salt tends to break apart into potassium and iodine, which reduces its effectiveness in the body. A stabilizer like Dextrose minimizes the effect. The actual amount of sugar as dextrose in iodized salt is low enough as to not have dietary significance."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What is an event horizon?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is an event horizon?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The event horizon is the edge of a black whole. To be specific, it is at the radius from the black hole where the escape velocity (the speed needed to get away from it) is exactly the speed of light. This means that passing the event horizon, the escape velocity is higher than the speed of light, thus nothing can come back from crossing it (not considering Hawking radiation which is a whole other story)"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How is it that when some foods become stale, crunchy foods become chewy yet softer foods become harder?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is it that when some foods become stale, crunchy foods become chewy yet softer foods become harder?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The moisture content matches up with the air. Crunchy foods have very little water in them while soft foods have more. When you leave them out in the open, crunchy foods soak water from the air while softer foods lose water."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How can paying a poverty stricken town more than $1 per hour ruin their economy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can paying a poverty stricken town more than $1 per hour ruin their economy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Money is basically a way we signal how valuable something is\/how much effort. If you start paying certain people in a town, they suddenly have massive buying power. They can literally buy everything. Money is basically signalling \"these people deserve everything\". Think of it this way- if they make $1\/day, if you show up in town with $100, you can basically buy out most of the town. Which doesn't do the town much good if you just bought all their food\/supplies. It also creates a huge incentive to steal\/murder the richer person (either you, or the town person you're paying). If they're barely surviving\/eating, and you walk in with more than a years' worth of food, essentially, that's awfully damn tempting, even in the best of times. This is especially bad in a poor town that is pretty isolated. In modern economies, it's not all that different than billionaires- except they're spread over much more of a population, so they don't mess with say, the food supply (although many would argue, they still distort the economy; look at how many resources they end up controlling). Imagine having a billionaire living in a small town, and only spends his money in the town. it's going to mess with things. edit: And while they can change their prices, it often doesn't happen over night- and even if they do, if the richer town people can afford it, it's going to be more of a struggle for the townspeople you didn't pay."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How can there be no algorithm for certain things (like determining whether a context-free grammar is ambiguous) yet us humans can do it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can there be no algorithm for certain things (like determining whether a context-free grammar is ambiguous) yet us humans can do it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your question is premised on a misunderstanding. Humans can not perform the task that no algorithm can do. In your example of determining if a context-free grammar is ambiguous you have two separate problems: 1. Determine if one specific context-free grammar is ambiguous 2. Come up with an algorithm that can determine if *any* context-free grammar is ambiguous The second problem is the one that is undecidable (i.e. no algorithm can be created). A human cannot perform this task, either. The first problem is what humans and algorithms can do."} {"category":"Other","question":"What exactly is the modern english haiku? Is it just any short evocative sentence?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is the modern english haiku? Is it just any short evocative sentence?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's poetry, the most pretentious form of written word. The rules for a style can be extremely nebulous or hard to define, or even self-contradictory, and still be viewed as that style. The thing about Western Haiku is that it's missing a lot of the original values of the medium. It has none of the social context - a period of great artistic expansion and exploration as the result of a large upper class with nothing to do. It has none of the cultural purpose - poetry like this was almost a game of wit. And most importantly, it doesn't benefit from the Japanese language, which the style was originally created in. Japanese is quite a concise language when it wants to be. It can convey a lot of information in a small number of syllables. English is poor at this, so the 5-7-5 pattern heavily restricts the quality of English poetry. It also leads to a hell of a lot of Haiku getting translated in a way that loses the pattern, so eventually a lot of poets got fed up of the restrictions and just did the same content but ignoring the restrictions (the part that made it a game of wit in the first place) but still chose to call it haiku."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How\/why are we able to physically feel emotions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How\/why are we able to physically feel emotions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It has been proven that the brain perceives emotional pain in a similar way to physical pain. Missing someone causes stress and worry to which brain answers with the physical response of muscle tightness, increased heart rate and shortness of breath. A heartbreak results into insane amounts of stress which activate the fight-or-flight response where the heart starts pumping more blood, muscles clench and you start breathing faster because you feel in danger and as though you have been hurt. The brain is also taken aback by the emotional shock and is trying to take control of the situation, but it is stuck in a period of analysing and processing the shocking situation. Butterflies in the stomach are caused by a reduction of blood flow to the organ as a result to anxiety or excitement. The adrenaline is released to increase the blood flow and rush more blood to the muscles to get you prepared for flight or fight. We feel these intense feelings in response to our emotions in order to adapt to situations and prevent making the same mistake. You feel the heartbreak because the partner your brain and body has accepted as a potential mate has rejected you after you formed an emotional attachment."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why far away lights look like they're flickering?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why far away lights look like they're flickering?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You know how light changes direction, or \"bends\" when you look through a lens or glass of water? This is something called refraction. When light travels from one medium to another, it changes direction. Air, glass, and water are common media that light travels through, and we can observe how it changes direction when it passes from one medium to another. A simple experiment is to dip a pencil into a glass of water and observe how the pencil appears to bend, depending on the angle you look at it. So I said air is one medium that light passes through. The thing about air, though, is the air over here isn't necessarily the same as the air over there. Temperature, humidity, even pollution all change how light will pass through it. Every time the light passes from one pocket of air to another, it changes direction, just like if it passed into water or glass. On top of that, these different pockets if air don't stay still, they move around, which means the light is constantly bending in different directions. A source of light from far away flickers because the air between you and it is not uniform and causes the light to wiggle around on its way to your eye. This is the same reason for those heat waves you see coming off the ground on a hot day."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"- How big does a man made body of water need to be to significantly impact local weather patterns?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - How big does a man made body of water need to be to significantly impact local weather patterns?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends how big of weather you\u2019re thinking. For radiation cooling on a clear night just a small pond can form fog since water stays warm longer, the temp difference can cause water vapor to condense. On a larger scale like thunderstorms you need enough water to saturate the air which takes a massive amount of evaporation. In warm air, it\u2019d have to be something at least as big as lake mead in nevada"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is the house market so inflationary?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the house market so inflationary?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Population has grown, landmass hasn't. People want to live near work as to limit their commute. Most work is in and near the big cities. This further limits available landmass. Commuting hasn't become faster since the 70s so attractive space around cities hasn't grown. This leads to high demand in a select few areas, obviously this drives up the price in those areas. Most if not all countries have also become more urbanized so this further drives up demand in urban areas (obviously.) There are still plenty of cheap places left, if you become an electrician and move to a rustbelt or flyover state I'm 101% sure you'll be able to afford a house. An 800 sqft house in detroit only has to cost 11 thousand, even if renovating costs 40 thousand that's still very cheap. Although I understand why you'd prefer not to live in Detroit. (it's just an example) Attractive areas have become more expensive due to demand, there's still plenty cheap left. But obviously they're less expensive for a reason. You can have a cheap house or live in a hip and attractive place like the bay area. You can't have both*. *Unless you're a lucky one who bought a cheap house in an area that later grew to become hip and prosperous. Edit: My post is a bit Americentric and I see you're not an American. It's the same in the super tiny country where I live. Everything near Amsterdam has high housing prices while the Eastern part of the country is much cheaper. But even near Amsterdam the housing prices can differ massively, popular parts like Centrum are extremely expensive while (less attractive) De Bijlmer is very cheap.(partly because of enormous crime issues in the past and partly because of xenophobia)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is black ink in markers and ballpoint pens made up of colored ink?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is black ink in markers and ballpoint pens made up of colored ink?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you were to mix all three of the primary colours together, you get black. Depending on the amount of each of the three colours you can get a black that may have a slightly 'off' kind of hue, which may to lean towards being a dark green or red\/brown."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do \"long exposure\" pictures work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do \"long exposure\" pictures work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A camera-- to simplify-- takes in light to create an image (much like our eyes). A long exposure just keeps that eye (the shutter) open longer, so that more light gets processed into the final picture."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is vision like for animals with eyes that face directly away from each other (i.e. fish, some birds)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is vision like for animals with eyes that face directly away from each other (i.e. fish, some birds)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They have a much bigger field of vision than we do, and the brain seamlessly glues the whole thing together into one big picture. It's like they can see almost all the way around their body. Great for animals that get hunted. You can see this with your own eyes, because they don't completely overlap. With two eyes open, notice the farthest thing to the left you can see. Now cover your left eye, and notice how that chunk of your vision just disappears. Your brain seamlessly integrates together the parts that just one eye can see. Of course it takes two eyes overlapping to get binocular vision, so animals with eyes like you described won't be able to see how far away things are the way we can. Now of course, there's really no way to know exactly what an animal is experiencing. So what I'm describing is a best guess."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why can't our immune system fight against many diseases without external medication?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't our immune system fight against many diseases without external medication?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You would be surprised how much your immune system can fight off. Many people just choose to seek medical treatment so they don\u2019t have to suffer longer. You can fight off most minor infections, but who wants a month of an ear infection when we can cut that down to 5 days? You can be more proactive and miss less work when you get medical intervention. Not to mention feeling like garbage less. Edit: you fight off viruses naturally because you can\u2019t cure a viral infection, the flu, rotavirus (stomach flu), common cold. Those take a beating on you, but you probably survived!"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why are we told to turn off cars engines while fueling them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are we told to turn off cars engines while fueling them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's possible a spark from the engine could ignite gas vapors and cause an explosion. It's also possible the driver was dumb and forgot to put the vehicle in park or set the parking brake and it could roll away and crash into something."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does frost sometimes form this way on the inside of my windshield?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does frost sometimes form this way on the inside of my windshield?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are tiny scratches in your windshield there. That forms the basis of nucleation sites for water vapor to freeze first. Nucleation is the hard part of freezing. Scratches make it easier."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it such a big deal to lose security clearance?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it such a big deal to lose security clearance?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are two halves to the security equation - having a clearance, and being granted access. You can have a clearance and not need it (\"need to know\") First, a clearance is issued after a long background investigation determines the individual is trustworthy enough to handle classified information. Then as that person has a need for information he is \"read on\" to a classified subject. When he moves on to another job he might get read off - which means he no longer has access to classified information he had previously, but he still has a clearance. This means he can step into a new job or transfer to a new department and be read on to new information without delay. He can also be called back to the old job and read on again to answer any questions about things that might have happened on his watch. Intelligence information is highly compartmented and the higher you go, the more compartments you might be read on to at any given time. Background investigations must be renewed every few years or they expire, and that is normally what happens when someone retires and just gets out of the business for good. A clearance is only revoked when the government determines that an individual is no longer trustworthy. Revoking a clearance means that an individual can no longer work any job requiring a security clearance, so if they wanted to do contract work (which a lot of former government workers do) they couldn't do that if Trump revokes their clearance."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why, after some time, when your car\/train\/bus stops, you have the feeling that the vehicle is going backwards, and sometimes you could even have sworn you saw everything going backwards, why's that?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why, after some time, when your car\/train\/bus stops, you have the feeling that the vehicle is going backwards, and sometimes you could even have sworn you saw everything going backwards, why's that?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's called spatial disorientation, and is actually a big deal in some fields, like aviation. Your inner ear has a fluid filled cavity lined with ultra-sensitive hairs. When you accelerate in a particular direction, the fluid accelerates with it, and as it touches those hairs it fires off nerve signals to the brain that tell you which way you're going. This is called the vestibular system, one of four systems that your body uses to determine its orientation and position in space. Two things can happen- If you suddenly stop moving, the fluid in your ear sloshes back and forth a little bit, giving you the false sensation of sudden back and forward motion until it stabilizes. Or, if that stimulation is maintained for a long time, the brain actually calibrates that to \"normal\", meaning when you stop moving and the fluid returns to \"true normal\" it causes you to feel like you're accelerating in a different direction before the brain recalibrates."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do services like Spotify create personalized suggestions for each user?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do services like Spotify create personalized suggestions for each user?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They take music you listen to a lot, and use an algorithm to suggest music by similar artist or similar people. (For example, they would translate \u201cif they listen to Rap God by Eminem suggest My Name is By Eminem\u201d into JavaScript or whatever coding language they use"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are there not a lot more farms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are there not a lot more farms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Conventional farming is becoming more efficient, and making more farms means destroying natural biodiversity."} {"category":"Physics","question":"besides strong mental game, what's the science behind people breaking bricks and other tough materials during martial art shows?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n besides strong mental game, what's the science behind people breaking bricks and other tough materials during martial art shows?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends. Sometimes it is a performance trick, and there's really nothing much behind it other than circus trickery. At other times, it comes about as a slow process of 'conditioning' the hand whereby the bones and connective tissues become stronger, as opposed to just roughening up the skin. This combined with tendonal strength (so you don't break your wrist for example) leads to the ability to be able to break things that normal untrained people can't, at least not without breaking their own bones. As one example, Kyo-Kushinkai, those who practice Kyo-Kushin karate, have a particular favourite of breaking baseball bats with their shins by kicking them. If a normal person tried that, they'd most likely seriously hurt themselves, but a trained proponent can break the 'tough material' without breaking their own bones."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do the vast majority of online forms consider apostrophes and hyphens invalid characters?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do the vast majority of online forms consider apostrophes and hyphens invalid characters?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"For a long time, the people who built forms online spent a lot of time trying to create rules that would keep out bad data. Anecdotally, this was often driven by the presumption that human users were likely to fill out forms incorrectly, more than it was about preventing naughty people from exploiting weaknesses in the application for malicious purposes. That's not to say that those vulnerabilities didn't exist, it's that (for better or worse) people weren't concerned about them. Speaking from experience, a lot of people didn't even know about them -- including among \"hackers.\" Today, everybody in the business knows what a SQL injection attack is; that was not true in 1993. & #x200B; For example, you're building a form so that people can register to attend a seminar. Someone probably says \"make sure the FirstName field doesn't allow spaces, otherwise some idiot will just type their whole name into that box.\" That rule bakes in all kinds of assumptions about names, assumptions which are false even in the Western culture in which this rule is common. But, if you didn't know that, you'd go ahead and write that rule. Now everybody who uses the form has to live by stupid rules designed by ignorant people. Also, one way to implement that rule is to say \"a name can only be letters.\" Boom: suddenly, in addition to preventing spaces (which was the goal), you've also just forbidden dashes, apostrophes, periods, and probably accented characters. Also, programmers make mistakes, so sometimes the effective rule ends up being different (and more restrictive) than was even intended. & #x200B; Some other common validation rules that are foolishly inflexible and unimaginative: \\- ZIP codes must be exactly 5 digits \\- phone numbers must be exactly 10 digits, formatted like \"(xxx) xxx-xxxx\" \\- state must be a two-letter abbreviation & #x200B; These things mattered, because the consumption of data was typically crude and unforgiving of errors. Very often in the '90s, data collected by web forms was stored in a database so that it could be used to do things like printing addresses on envelopes for mailers or produce telephone directories. Sometimes, badly-entered data might just produce an awkward result, such as when \" < LastName > , < FirstName > \" yields \", Bob Ross\". But often, the consuming system would choke on the bad data, because it was not built to be forgiving, and the linkage between the two systems was not fault-tolerant. & #x200B; Consider a web form that students use to register for classes, which is used to (1) send registration information to the state's central database as well as (2) printing out a class list for instructors. And imagine that one student from Canada has a six-character ZIP code that includes letters. That might not be a problem for the printed class list, but if the state database chokes on that 6-character ZIP code, the entire process would stop immediately: records after this one aren't sent to the state, and *no class lists get printed at all*. When this happens, you've got everybody from the college president on down, yelling at you for creating an administrative catastrophe on *day 0* of the semester. & #x200B; Finally, storage space and processing speed was a much bigger concern back then, and one result is that databases were designed to fit the data like a skin-tight wetsuit. These days, when I can buy an SD card the size of a thumbnail that holds 32 gigabytes, it seems absurd -- we often make every text field unlimited length: a first name can be 2000 letters long and we don't care because it's free and easy. But back then, you'd have serious debates with someone about whether you could literally afford to set aside 20 or 30 letters for first names. I've been doing this for 20 years, and I cannot count the number of times somebody said this in a meeting: \"okay, but what is the *longest* first name you've ever seen?\" Yes, we had the technology for unlimited-length database fields, but using them often came with a performance cost. A lot of web applications back in the day were just web pages that showed the content of a database as a giant HTML table. It took a long time for the computer to scan the entire database, then loop through every row and produce the HTML, and then to send that whole thing to someone's computer over a 14.4 modem. Imagine a webpage that takes 35 seconds to load. I am not kidding you, this was the reality back then. A lot of these applications were running on a single physical computer that one guy built from parts he got at the local store, and now it's sitting under a desk in the office. & #x200B; TL;DR: crude technology and brittle software patterns created really strong incentives to design very rigid rules for data entry. Those rules were designed by flawed humans who often failed to recognize their own ethnocentrism, especially in a culture that was less diverse and inclusive than today. & #x200B; EDIT: Thanks for the gold, kind stranger!"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Could anyone explain Doppler shift to me?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Could anyone explain Doppler shift to me?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The easiest way to picture this is to imagine that the distant object is staying still and you are moving. Physics doesn't actually care which one is doing the moving, thanks to relativity, so this example holds true no matter how you're actually moving Imagine the beam of light coming towards you. The number of times it vibrates per second (it's frequency) determines its color. If you move towards it, all that light traveling towards you reaches your eyes sooner, and you count more waves per second (it's more blue). If you move away from it, you count fewer waves per second (it's more red). While the speed of light doesn't actually change (which is another can of worms), you're either meeting the light half-way or running from the light which makes it need to catch up, stretching or compressing your perceived frequency. tl;dr the light itself doesn't change, but your perception of it does based on your movement."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is shorting company stock even allowed in our financial system?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is shorting company stock even allowed in our financial system?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"shorting helps prevent a stock bubble from being created due to overvaluing a stock. since shorting a stock is inherently risky, the shorter typically has to do their due diligence to value the company (in theory). also since a stock has to be bought to complete a short sale, there is a stabilizing effect when the stock goes back in."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do sign languages work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do sign languages work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They interpret the whole sentence. There are signs for entire words, and the grammar isn't exactly the same as English, so they listen to a whole sentence or phrase, then put the words in an order that makes sense in sign language."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How does our brain differentiate between pleasant and unpleasant smells?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does our brain differentiate between pleasant and unpleasant smells?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a combination of learned behaviors and some degree of hardwiring. Something entering the nose is ultimately converted into electrical signals that are analyzed by the brain to decide what they are. We spend our early years developing our olfactory system, exposing ourselves to smells in the environment and our foods, and learning what we like and don't like. Those preferences generally stay with us for life. Certain smells, like the organic compounds found in feces or decomposing flesh, are believed to be at least somewhat hardwired into a healthy human brain as repulsive, because both are evolutionarily favorable to avoid so as to not contract disease. But given the extreme variability of the human brain, this isn't always the case- some people might find pleasant what others find repulsive."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If we are getting much lower temperatures up north, why is that not helping freeze the north pole again?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If we are getting much lower temperatures up north, why is that not helping freeze the north pole again?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You are getting cold temperatures because you are in a temperate place that's seeing larger incursions of cold air from the North, like the US. However, on average, the temperature of the North Pole is rising. Sure, ice freezes in the winter and melts in the summer, but it's not freezing faster just because it's colder than average in Chicago today. The shape of the arctic cold air mass is changing, but the mass at a given cold temperature is smaller than in previous years. Instead of being a circle, or a gear with small teeth it's become a daisy with long petals. As it rotates, sometimes a petal sweeps over Chicago and makes it so cold they have to set the train tracks on fire, but the area of the daisy is smaller than the area when it was a gear."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does the act of going back to sleep sometimes feel better\/more rejuvenating than the original sleep?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the act of going back to sleep sometimes feel better\/more rejuvenating than the original sleep?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you wake up halfway through a sleep cycle you tend to feel groggy\/irritable. When you go back to sleep it\u2019s like finishing that cycle (only if you\u2019re not awake for too long) and it feels amaaaaaazing"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What is the possibility of Yellowstone Supervolcano Erupting soon?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the possibility of Yellowstone Supervolcano Erupting soon?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The headline \"massive fissure opens atop Yellowstone supervolcano\" is not just misleading, it's a complete lie. The fissure is not on top of the caldera. It's simply a lie to sell copies\/get clicks. The possibility of the Yellowstone supervolcano erupting remains unchanged. Any closures of certain park areas have been to protect rock climbers from injury. The top answer in the post about this over on r\/askscience explains nicely [about the fissure itself]( URL_0 ) The bottom line is that this is common in the landscape that it does occur in, and it is a surface weathering process rather than an internally generated process that has to do with magma chambers\/earthquakes or whatever. I assume your previous post about Yellowstone got removed along with plenty of others simply because it is a hugely popular and sensationalised topic which gets posted a lot. Without removals subs like this would be clogged with misinformation or scaremongering about Yellowstone (even though you obviously didn't intend it as such), or just the same old stuff, which would make for a boring sub."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do ingrown nails happen? What stops a nail from growing all the way into the side of your finger\/foot anyway?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do ingrown nails happen? What stops a nail from growing all the way into the side of your finger\/foot anyway?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"as to why nails grow how they normally do, it's because of how they're built. all of the nail you can see is dead. it's created under the skin by a strip of material called the \"root\", and it's a C shaped channel that build the nail. the nail grows forward because that's the direction the material is drawn. a common cause of ingrown nails is bad footwear. the pressure pushes the skin and nail together until the obvious happens. trauma is another cause. something damages the toe and the nail gets messed up. as are infections in the toe, as infections can swell tissues. however, a large number of cases have no known cause. common speculation among professionals is that it's a minor defect in the nail's root. if the channel is misshapen, then the nail can push in the wrong direction. not unlike a defective printer. the rest of your anatomy has some ability to compensate, the Perionychium (the skin around your nail) can callous up and that added hardness can potentially push the nail into proper shape, but sometimes it can't."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does 350 degrees Farenheit seem like the 'standard' cooking temp for so many recipes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does 350 degrees Farenheit seem like the 'standard' cooking temp for so many recipes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a fair middling temperature where most cooking can occur at a decent pace without the outside burning too fast. Long ago they'd just say \"cook it at a moderate flame\", and had to keep that fire going just right, before the invention of oven temperature regulators that let you \"set it and forget it\" for a few hours. But, more importantly, it's right around the middle of the temperature range you want for a good use of the Maillard reaction: that's what gives things that beautiful golden brown. Too low and you can forget about a crispy skin or decent looking cookies... too high and while the reaction happens by the time the middle's cooked it's gone way past golden and into worthless charcoal exteriors."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How is electric current\/voltage described in terms of elementary particles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is electric current\/voltage described in terms of elementary particles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"1 Ampere is defined to be 1 Coulomb per second passing through a plane. 1 Coulomb is 6.24x10^18 electron charges(you can also see holes flow but that's another issue) The speed of the electrons is the same, the drift velocity never really changes. Very rarely will you get an electron you put in one end of the wire out the other end in a reasonable time Voltage is defined as the difference in electric potential across a load that dissipates 1 Watt of power at 1 Amp. An Ohm is the resistance of that load To use the traditional water analogy Voltage is the height difference between two points, it makes the water want to flow Resistance is the width and depth of the river Current is the volume of water that passes through"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why are stains like those from curry, yellow ginger so difficult to remove despite numerous cleaning?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are stains like those from curry, yellow ginger so difficult to remove despite numerous cleaning?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's turmeric - which is indeed a plant in the ginger family. I don't know why turmeric hangs on as well as it does, but it's been used as a dye forever. It's the curcumin in turmeric which produces the color. Interestingly, Indians have used turmeric as an antibacterial - you may wash your vegetables in turmeric water before cooking, for instance, or use a turmeric facial to help with acne - and it does indeed have antibacterial qualities similar to synthetics. URL_0"} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do bails bondsmen make their living?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do bails bondsmen make their living?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You pay a portion of your bail to the bondsman and they put up the rest of the bail. If you put up the entire bail amount yourself, then you get it all back when you show up to court. If you don't have the entire amount, then you can give 10% to a bail bondsman. They keep the 10% and get their money back when you show up to court. So, if your bail is $10,000, you can give the bondsman $1,000 and they will put up the $10,000 to get you out of jail. They keep the $1,000 and get their $10,000 back when you show up to court. If you don't show up, the bondsman will likely try to track you down to avoid losing that $10,000 (i.e. hire a bounty hunter to find you -- the plot of many movies and whatnot)."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is different about the insides of wires that transmit power (Charger), data (Aux, Ethernet), or both (USB-C)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is different about the insides of wires that transmit power (Charger), data (Aux, Ethernet), or both (USB-C)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's more about the connections between the two ends of the cord. Cords that are only for power only have connections at the pins that carry power, so a power only cord will have less individual wires inside it than one that can transfer power and data. That's why the power only cords are generally cheaper. They also don't have to conform to the data speed standards that data cords have to conform to."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does one computer use another computer's IP address to find and talk to it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does one computer use another computer's IP address to find and talk to it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You are very much on track with your post office analogy. I am going to focus on public IPs only and ignore private or internal IPs for this explanation, although the process is similar. For the most part, the internet is just a large group of independent machines that talk to their neighbors, and know how to get out of their network on to the next one in the chain. The pointer to the next one in the chain is called a gateway, and (again for the most part) all devices can have one. When a machine wants to get somewhere, it compares its target IP address to a list of its neighbors, and it if can't find it on that list, it asks the gateway to pass it on. The device that is that machine's gateway (most likely a router) then does the same thing until it reaches it's destination. This is an incredibly simplified explanation, because that would be incredibly inefficient if that's all there was to it. A public IP address has identifiers just like an address does in that part of an IP can indicate its country in order to get it pointed in the correct direction. Hopefully I shed at least a little light on your question."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does anybody want to be roasted in the sub r\/roastme? Why would I want to be insulted?, i genuinely don't get it.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does anybody want to be roasted in the sub r\/roastme? Why would I want to be insulted?, i genuinely don't get it.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Why something is funny is a question people have been trying to answer for years and years. Humor is a very subjective experience. There are hundreds of definition of what makes something humourous. One definition has humor as being \"the subversion of expectations\". In that way, being roasted or insulted is the subversion of how you think about yourself. But as I said it's subjective. What I find fun doesnt have to be funny to you, or vice versa and it's impossible to explain my subjective experience to someone who doesn't have my brain."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why is 12 hour time even taught? Wouldn\u2019t it just be easier to remember 13:00 instead of 1:00pm?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is 12 hour time even taught? Wouldn\u2019t it just be easier to remember 13:00 instead of 1:00pm?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"12 hour time is a *very* ancient system that traces back to the Mesopotamian empires. They had a cultural fixation on the number 12, used a base-12 numerical system, and divided up most things into 12ths whenever possible - including day and night. The 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night system spread throughout Europe and the Middle East and has defied multiple attempts to change it over the centuries."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is some light warm and cozy and other kinds are harsh and cold?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is some light warm and cozy and other kinds are harsh and cold?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yellow light (warm light) looks like, and remind us of fire, which is warm and cozy. Blue light (cold light) is more like ice, which isn't as cozy. This is why different light bring different sensations"} {"category":"Technology","question":"how do they recreate 0 gravity in movies?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do they recreate 0 gravity in movies?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are quite a few different ways to do it, with various tradeoffs. A couple common ones: * Props + editing. Use wires or other rigging to suspend the actor. Edit the rigging out of the shot. Fairly easy, lots of different ways to actually do the rigging. You can also do clever camera angles to make it look like they're floating without actually having the whole body in the shot, simplifying the difficulty of rigging\/editing. * Actual freefall. The most well-known variant on this is taking a specially designed plane up and entering a parabolic arc. You're in freefall for a short time, 20-30 seconds. This is very expensive, but might be used when you have a lot of budget - or you might use it to get a few shots to see how the actor's movements \"should\" look, then do the normal prop\/editing work to match that."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why are so many people opposed to the Affordable Care Act?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are so many people opposed to the Affordable Care Act?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They're not, exactly. They're mostly opposed to the name \"Affordable Care Act.\" If you poll on \"Do you support the Affordable Care Act?\", that's when you get a lot of people who say they oppose it. Even more will say they oppose it if you say \"Do you support Obamacare?\" even though those are two names for the same legislation. \\*But\\*, if you ask people, point by point by point, if they support the various parts of the ACA, like \"Do you support allowing kids to stay on their parents' insurance until they're 25?\" or \"Do you support preventing insurance companies from excluding people based on pre-existing conditions?\" the support goes WAY up. Basically, most people don't know what's in the ACA and, thanks mostly to propaganda, they think the ACA is something different than health care policies they actually support."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Is the amount of caffeine absorbed into the bloodstream dependant on the same variations that alcohol absorption is based upon?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is the amount of caffeine absorbed into the bloodstream dependant on the same variations that alcohol absorption is based upon?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well, it's dependent on the same mechanisms in your GI tract. So all chemicals from food and drink end up in your blood stream the same way. There are a few differences specifically between caffeine and alcohol that I'll mention, but everything is a little different. What you are ultimately talking about is something called bioavailability. That is the measure of something you put in your body that actually reaches where it has to go. So, alcohol and caffeine have to get to your brain, but not 100% of what you eat or drink of them makes it there. The amount that does, that bioavailability in percentage. All the blood from your stomach and intestines flows out and immediately goes into your liver. This is a great setup because your liver is like a chemical processing plant. If you eat something toxic, it ends up in your liver and the liver might be able to break it down before it makes it to the rest of your body. Alcohol is heavily broken down by the liver so only a small portion of what you drink ends up available to make you \"drunk.\" About caffeine: > Caffeine absorption is rapid and complete in humans, with 99% of orally ingested caffeine absorbed from the digestive tract within 45 minutes.2 Absorption is not modified by gender, genetics, liver disease, or the ingestion of drugs or alcohol.3 Caffeine crosses all biological membranes and is distributed in all body fluids. And Alcohol: > Orally ingested alcohol is rapidly absorbed into the human bloodstream from the stomach and small intestine and distributes into total body water. On an empty stomach, peak blood alcohol levels occur about 30 minutes following the oral ingestion of alcohol.7 For ingested liquids, the principal determinant of the gastric emptying rate is volume; large volumes empty at an exponentially faster rate than small volumes.8 Because alcohol absorption occurs more rapidly in the small intestine, delays in gastric emptying decrease the rate of alcohol absorption. Food in the gastrointestinal tract slows alcohol absorption; the higher the dietary fat content of a meal, the longer the absorption process takes.7 A small amount of alcohol is metabolized in the stomach by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Compared with men, women have lower activity of ADH in their stomachs, causing a larger proportion of ingested alcohol to reach the bloodstream. Obviously that a little dense for ELIM but let me know if you have any questions."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do things like fatigue, stress and eye strain cause dark circles and\/or bags under the eyes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do things like fatigue, stress and eye strain cause dark circles and\/or bags under the eyes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lack of sleep causes your blood vessels to dilate, which becomes visible through the thin skin under your eyes."} {"category":"Other","question":"Is there really any benefit to \"rinse and repeat\" or is it just a way for BIG SHAMPOO so sell more product?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there really any benefit to \"rinse and repeat\" or is it just a way for BIG SHAMPOO so sell more product?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends. If you don't shampoo often it can help eliminate the buildup of oils and dirt moreso than a single shampooing. It can also be necessary if you have a problem scalp and need to use multiple shampoos. If you shampoo often, however, it can actually be damaging to your hair. Shampoo removes the natural oils and acids that protect your hair and scalp, and doing it too much can actually make it more difficult to manage. If you shampoo daily then once is enough, followed by a conditioner to help mitigate any damage."} {"category":"Other","question":"What happens psychologically when groups of people who live and work in close proximity all experience the \"today feels like it should be Friday but it is only Thursday\" effect at the same time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens psychologically when groups of people who live and work in close proximity all experience the \"today feels like it should be Friday but it is only Thursday\" effect at the same time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's probably related to how busy the week was. Busy = time flies. So as a group you typically would all be equally busy or not, but that can vary of course."} {"category":"Other","question":"How does shark fishing work? How are they able to sustain the force without going overboard, or is the fishing pole doing all the work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does shark fishing work? How are they able to sustain the force without going overboard, or is the fishing pole doing all the work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Are you talking commercial shark fishing, or sport? For commercial, you don't use rod and reel, they catch them with nets. For sport, you use fishing line made out of steel. This makes it so the shark's teeth don't cut the line as easily, and makes it a lot stronger. You also need the proper hook, proper bait, etc. Once you have a shark on your line, then yes, fishing rods are designed to help with a lot of that force. They take the force by bending, which helps relieve some of the higher forces from going into the line and the fisherman's hands. You might also have the rod attached to your boat, or your chair, or the dock, or some other larger object, so that the shark doesn't pull the rod out of your hands. Then, as with any fish, it's a matter of tiring it out before you can reel it in. It might be able to pull harder than the strength of the fishing line. If that's the case, you need to be careful to let the line out as it pulls, then reel in when it rests. Eventually, the fish gets tired, and you can reel it in more and more until you can bring it on the boat."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why does heat create bubbles in liquid?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does heat create bubbles in liquid?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It is the result of the liquid being converted a gas by the heat. Because the gas is less dense than the liquid it rises to the top. The \"bubble\" is the result of the surface tension of the water holding together a bit as the gas rises up and out of, ultimately \"popping\" through that surface tension."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If sound travels faster through solids than gasses, how come when there are solids in the way (i.e. walls), one can hear less?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If sound travels faster through solids than gasses, how come when there are solids in the way (i.e. walls), one can hear less?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Whether you can hear a sound or not has nothing to do with the speed of transmission at all. It has to do with how much of the sound energy gets through the material to your ears. Some materials absorb sound energy the way a pillow absorbs the kinetic energy of an object."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do different items usually have the same shipping price even if they're completely different in size, weight, shape, etc?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do different items usually have the same shipping price even if they're completely different in size, weight, shape, etc?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One reason is that the shipping company has price ranges to simplify billing. A small box that weighs next to nothing costs the same to ship as a box sized exactly the same but containing four books. If you look at the price ranges of shipping companies it usually says something like this: Size 1: not larger than AxBxC inches & not heavier than D ounce. And then they define size ranges. Your package costs as the first category it fits. Then, to simplify things further Amazon (or any other large retailer) goes I the shipping company and says \u201chey, we want to offer you the possibility of having five million packages of ours shipped yearly. We want them flat rate. Here is our statistics on the size and weight of all packages sent the last five years. What\u2019s your offer?\u201d"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What's the golden ratio, where does it come from, and why is it so common?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the golden ratio, where does it come from, and why is it so common?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The 'golden' ratio comes from a very simple sequence of maths - take any two numbers, add them together to make a third. Then add the second and third, to make a fourth number. Keep on adding the last two numbers together to create the next. No matter what numbers you choose, the ratio between the last two numbers will tend toward the golden ratio, 1.618.... (If the first two numbers you choose are 0 and 1, you end up with the famous Fibonacci sequence.) It is so common because this maths, adding two values together to make the next, is done all the time by the way plants and animals grow."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How does one work on a bee hive without the bees going like: \"DONT TOUCH MY STUFF\" ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does one work on a bee hive without the bees going like: \"DONT TOUCH MY STUFF\" ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The common methods include things like blowing large amounts of smoke into the hive. The bees are like \"OMG, our house is **wax**, everyone gather up and fan or everything will melt in the fire that surely is nearby!\" During this fire drill they are less concerned with the beekeeper poking around. Another common method used in conjunction is a bee suit. The bees actually *are* like \"Don't touch my stuff, have at you vile cretin!\" But their rapier butts are really short and the suit keeps the wearer from being stabbed."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do sharks not bite divers who are right next to them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do sharks not bite divers who are right next to them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"1. Not all sharks are super aggressive and people-eating like the movies say. They\u2019re animals not hunters, they hunt for food, not for fun (usually) 2. Not hungry or you\u2019re not appealing food 3. Already ate your dive partner and are no longer hungry 4. Some sharks only fully grow to a few inches or less though I assume you mean large sharks like great whites 5. They\u2019re probably just checking you out to see if you\u2019re a threat to them or not. If they don\u2019t then they might just chill Think of it like \u201cwhy do humans not bite cows that are right next to them\u201d You COULD, and it would be food, but it wouldn\u2019t be worth it effort wise, it might fight back, and there\u2019s plenty of easier food around you could catch. I am by no means a shark expert and do not go hugging sharks because of this post"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How does Zero to the Power of Zero Equal One? 0^0 = 1","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does Zero to the Power of Zero Equal One? 0^0 = 1","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"0^0 is not 1, it is undefined. You can construct limits that approach 0^0 that converge on 1 or 0."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why can't we use other countries' research when making conclusions whether a drug is safe?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't we use other countries' research when making conclusions whether a drug is safe?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We do and can. Multicentre trials test the drug at multiple centres around the planet, and this helps gather more patients so that the testing is more informative. It's ethical by ensuring that all patients have an equal chance of getting the drug, and 3rd world countries aren't being exploited as test subjects by requiring a centre to be in the country that the trial is initiated from. They're quite common in clinical medicine and testing before it hits the market."} {"category":"Technology","question":"what do all the numbers on my wall outlet to usb-a\/c mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what do all the numbers on my wall outlet to usb-a\/c mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Read where is says the output amps (e.g 1A 2A 1.5A). The higher the ampage, the faster your device will charge."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Countries and debts. Is this even real?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Countries and debts. Is this even real?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Governments create debt by selling \"bonds.\" These can be bought by anybody, but it's usually businesses and banks and investment funds. There's usually no such thing as mutual debut. If I borrow a tenner from you, and you borrow a tenner from me, then effectively I have paid you back. In practical terms, this sort of thing can happen, because debt is often done on a fixed term basis, and aside from anything else, the paperwork would be more hassle than it's actually worth. edit: imagine, if you have a savings account and a credit card from the same bank..... why don't you just pay the credit card with the savings? I don't know about \"tremendously\" rich, but yes, lending money to governments or anyone else is profitable (as long as it is paid back). That's why people lend money. But, in simple terms, if you've got \u00a310000 lying around doing nothing, you are better of investing it (i.e. lending it to someone) and getting back \u00a311000 a year from now, because if you just stick it under your mattress instead, it will actually lose value."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is statistical process control?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is statistical process control?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Say you own a factory which cranks out 10,000 screwdrivers per day. Each of these 10,000 is manually checked for flaws, which costs $1 each. Now you notice one thing: It is rare that just a single screwdriver has a flaw. Instead, flaws are replicated in most, if not all screwdrivers from a batch. Therefore, you decide to change the procedure: Instead of checking all screwdrivers, the QC guys pick just a few of them at random. The idea is that if there are flawed screwdrivers in a batch, it is statistically very unlikely that none of them show up in the sample that they tested. If they do find a flaw, they can then do a more thorough testing for all screwdrivers that might be affected by the same flaw. This kind of testing is very commonly used for parts which are mass produced. It doesn't just save money, it also allows to make the testing procedure of the sample much more thorough, for example they can do destructive testing on metal parts or test for biological contamination in food products."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is the difference between cow milk and other animals' milk which makes us drink cow milk more, in other words, why do we mostly drink cow milk and not let's say pig milk?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between cow milk and other animals' milk which makes us drink cow milk more, in other words, why do we mostly drink cow milk and not let's say pig milk?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cows make a lot of milk, especially modern breeds. And they're fairly easy to milk, unlike, say, pigs. Sows get bitey when they're nursing. But it's not just cows. European cultures use sheep milk and goat milk, and, in some places, [water] buffalo milk. It mostly goes to cheese, but you can find whole milk if you look around. Other cultures milk horses and camels\u2014 and now we're about out of domestic animals that are big enough to be worth milking."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do WIFI waves travel through walls?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do WIFI waves travel through walls?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's sort of the same as asking: how does visible light travel through windows? Every single material has certain wavelengths of light they are allowed to absorb. If this were not true then windows would be completely opaque! So in the same idea, certain materials are unable to absorb radio waves, so these waves can travel right through without much problem since the chemical bonds and atoms don't want to absorb it since they can only allow discrete (specific) values of energy to be absorbed."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What makes certain soap better?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What makes certain soap better?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Soaps and detergents work through basically two methods - they reduce the surface tension of water and they allow oil to be dissolved in water. If you've ever seen a bug walk across the top of water you know about surface tension. You can't wash the bug away, because it sits on top of the water. If you reduce the surface tension, the bug drops into the water, and gets washed away. The same thing applies to small dirt particles, getting between threads in fabric, etc. Soaps\/detergents are *surfactants*, they reduce the surface tension and allow tiny particles to be carried away by the water. Oil doesn't normally dissolve in water, but soaps\/detergent molecules basically have an \"oily\" end that doesn't like water and a \"watery\" end that sticks to water. When there is a bit of oil in water, the soap molecules surround the oil, making a little shell with all the \"oily\" ends in and all the \"watery\" ends out, allowing the oil to stay mixed in the water, instead of separating. There are lots of different molecules that can perform these functions. The reason some soaps\/detergents work better than others is because they are tuned to work best in certain conditions and for certain purposes. Hand soap is made to not damage skin, for example, and often leaves a protective layer behind, but you wouldn't want that on your clothes or dishes. Laundry detergents are made to work in cold water to protect your garments and contain things like fabric softeners and whiteners that you don't need or want on your hands or dishes. Dish soap is made to work at high temps with more focus on degreasing and can be more harsh, since dishes are much harder to damage than skin or clothing. Cheap versions of any of these are going to use the bare minimum and not include the fancy additives to tailor themselves to a particular task. More expensive products will include more concentrated products, more specialized recipes, etc. For example, a cheap dishwasher tablet might just be a lump of detergent pressed into a cube, while a more expensive one might have one part of the tablet designed to dissolve later in the cycle to aid in rinsing. This additional step makes it more costly to produce, but also makes it work better. That's just one example."} {"category":"Other","question":"What happens and what do they do with products that are unsold and have passed their best before or expiration dates such as milk, frozen goods and other stuff in Supermarkets like Costco and Wal-Mart?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens and what do they do with products that are unsold and have passed their best before or expiration dates such as milk, frozen goods and other stuff in Supermarkets like Costco and Wal-Mart?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most supermarkets will destroy the product in the back of the house, and measure the amount of waste. This recorded amount is then considered a loss which the company can use as a tax write off. Another option for smaller retailers and distributors is to sell product that is 2 or 3 days from experation to businesses like dollar tree. Very rarely if ever are products near or past the date donated to charity, as it becomes much more of a financial loss to deal with the labor and distribution of the product to those locations, and it is much harder to keep track of the information for those donations."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do sexual fetishes arise?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do sexual fetishes arise?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sexual feelings are incredibly complex and work across the brain, so there's a lot of \"wires capable of being crossed\" so to speak. Childhood experiences can be very powerful. Especially if something happens within a key time period of sexual awakening. Fetishes are (mostly) normal, and done consensually should be viewed as quite natural."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How are restaurants that have buffets or \"eat-all-you-can\" promos able to sustain themselves, and break-even?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are restaurants that have buffets or \"eat-all-you-can\" promos able to sustain themselves, and break-even?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The food you are eating costs much less than you are being charged for it. If I went to a pizza buffet and paid 8 dollars for unlimited pizza, I'd think that was a great deal! I can eat, what, 8-10 slices of pizza? Well those 8-10 slices would probably end up costing the company maybe 2 dollars total. So, they are still making a profit on you. Maybe less of a profit on you in particular, but still a profit. And even if a few people are able to pack away enough to outpace the profit margin, the vast majority of people will not, and that more than makes up for the outliers."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does melting ice caps increase water levels?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does melting ice caps increase water levels?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because the Southern ice cap is *sitting up on land.* If it melts, the water runs into the ocean. Greenland too."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why is counting cards considered shady? Isn't it just simple math and probability?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is counting cards considered shady? Isn't it just simple math and probability?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not \"shady\"; it's perfectly viable. The problem is that it works well enough that casinos don't like people who do it. They end up losing money and reserve the right to kick out people who are winning too much."} {"category":"Economics","question":"In the world of trading stocks, what is margin buying power?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In the world of trading stocks, what is margin buying power?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Buying on margin is essentially taking out a loan to buy securities, using your already owned securities as collateral. Say you own a bunch of stocks worth $100,000. Your broker might lend you up to $70,000 to buy other stocks using your $100K as collateral. If the stock values drop to a certain level though you risk having a margin call in which case they'll take and sell some or all of your $100K to pay back the loan."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How is it safe\/ sanitary not to wash black cast iron cookwear between uses?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is it safe\/ sanitary not to wash black cast iron cookwear between uses?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Omg the misinformation.... URL_3 URL_0 URL_2 URL_1 ....stop the madness"} {"category":"Other","question":"How did people living before the modern ages survive and get different sources of food which grew far outside their nation if global shipping came very later on?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did people living before the modern ages survive and get different sources of food which grew far outside their nation if global shipping came very later on?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"What makes you think that the essential vitamins weren't available locally? Vitamins are basic chemicals needed for life. Any stable ecosystem will have sources of them."} {"category":"Biology","question":"People who have injured their knees can tell when the weather is changing because it makes their knee hurt alot how does that work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n People who have injured their knees can tell when the weather is changing because it makes their knee hurt alot how does that work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The air around us behaves a lot like an ocean of water. At the bottom of the sea, there's a whole lot of pressure caused by all the water that's sitting on top. So if you take a fish that lives at the bottom of the ocean and bring it up to the top, it's not used to the lack of pressure and dies because its body expands. Take one that's used to the top and release it at the bottom of the ocean, and its tissues are crushed because they weren't formed - the fish wasn't hatched - where there was that much pressure. Air is a lot like that. We have all this air sitting on top of us that causes a pressure of fourteen pounds per square inch on every part of our bodies. But we don't feel that pressure because we're used to it - we were born with it and it's been fairly stable every day, although it can be affected a fair bit by temperature changes. Now a storm comes along. Because it moves big masses of different-temperature air with it, that pressure of fourteen pounds goes up a little when it approaches. You often see areas of such higher pressure labeled as \"H\" (representing high pressure zones) on weather maps. As that storm comes in, it presses more on everything under it, including us humans in the area. And if we have joints that have been injured and were used to a slightly lower air pressure, well that extra pressure can cause an ache in that very sensitive joint, kind of like if someone wraps it with a towel and gently squeezes it all the way around."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is the VASIMR engine not producing way more thrust than a typical ion engine?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the VASIMR engine not producing way more thrust than a typical ion engine?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> If the reaction mass has more heat than even a chemical rocket, why is its thrust so shitty? Imagine I throw an object of the same mass at you a few times. When you catch it there is a push imparted to you from its impact. What affects how much of that push you feel the most: How hot the object is or at what speed it is thrown? Obviously the biggest factor is how fast it was thrown. This is the same principle at work with the thruster, the heat of the reaction mass isn't nearly as important as how quickly it is propelled."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What exactly is a Boltzmann brain?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is a Boltzmann brain?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's an indication that something is wrong with your theory of physics. There are several different boltzmann brains, but probably the easiest to explain is the original. The other versions are broadly similar, but pop up in relation to different theories of physics. So, anyway: the original Boltzmann brain starts with a pretty basic and important question, namely \"why is the universe as we know it here?\" At the time, nobody knew about the Big Bang or the expansion of the universe, and the going scientific theory was that the universe was eternal and unchanging. But if that was the case, it should have long since reached as state of maximum entropy...a \"heat death\" where everything was just a haze of evenly distributed atoms with no stars or planets or anything. That's kind of a problem since there are stars and planets and everything. However, it's also known that entropy is _probabilistic_. If you take puzzle pieces and shake them in a box, they are going to just get more and more jumbled...get closer and closer to that \"heat death\" of perfect randomness. But if you shake long enough hypothetically all the pieces _could_ bounce back just right to form the puzzle again. So the original idea for how we could have the universe is that, over long enough time, the universe just sort of happens to bounce its way out of heat death and back to a low entropy state, and that's the universe that we see. It's _staggeringly_ unlikely, but if you have an infinite universe and infinite time, why not? This is the \"Boltzmann universe\". ...But..then someone pointed out that, while still staggeringly unlikely, it's much easier to just spontaneously generate a brain that thinks a momentary thought than an entire visible universe, in the same way that if you are bouncing around a puzzle box it's much easier to bounce together a couple pieces to make a guy's head than it is to bounce together the whole puzzle... and in fact you should bounce together random heads a huge number of times compared to bouncing together entire puzzles. So any theory which relies on random entropy reduction to generate an entire universe has the problem that anyone in the universe is far more likely to be one of those two puzzle-piece heads than a part of a fully built puzzle. This is contradictory and absurd and rather implies that there's something fundamentally wrong with the theory. ....and indeed, later observations showed there _was_ something fundamentally wrong with the theory, namely that the universe is not eternal and unchanging but instead is expanding and only a few billion years old. As a result, no highly unlikely entropy fluctuations are needed and thus there's no implication of zillions of boltzmann brains for every actual universe. Now, even current theories sometimes spit out boltzmann brains under different situations but if you ask me, that just means we don't know all there is to know about the universe yet."} {"category":"Biology","question":"what causes people to fall asleep rocking on a chair?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what causes people to fall asleep rocking on a chair?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Rocking in a chair while holding a baby simulates the same feelings for the baby of being in the womb and the mother walking. At a very deep level, this would be one of your most calm and safe memories \/ feelings from as long as your body and remember. This state of mind (calm, at ease) is where you can easily fall asleep. Carry that forward into adulthood and it\u2019s basically a learned habit to fall asleep when relaxed, and rocking relaxed me because it always has since before my logical mind can remember."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do 4k videos look cleaner on a 1080p panel than 1080p videos?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do 4k videos look cleaner on a 1080p panel than 1080p videos?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes they actually do look better for several reasons: They are less compressed and have more bitrate And when displayed on a lower resolution screen it averages out the pixels to only one, so it makes the image look higher resolution because it has more \u201cknowledge\u201d of what\u2019s really there"} {"category":"Economics","question":"how do people launder money through artwork?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do people launder money through artwork?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The value of art is *extremely* subjective, and can be artificially inflated through a series of auctions. If you own a given lump of gold by contrast, it's worth a specific market price. A painting is worth whatever someone is willing to pay for it, right? Moreover you can work through cutouts and the seller might well be anonymous even in legitimate transactions. So, lets say you have $1 million in dirty money, and you want to send it from Country A to Country B, and have someone there clean the money. You could have a seller of a piece of worthless art in Country B sell that art to you for $1 million bucks. It cost them nothing to buy the art, and what's really happening is that you're just straight-up paying them a million dollars. Now they have your million (no longer dirty) and you have some worthless art you can throw away, or keep moving around to launder more money. The guy in Country B then ships you a certain amount of cocaine worth the $1m you transferred, minus a percentage for his trouble. You could also have them invest that money in something with real value in your name, or any number of other tricks. The bottom line is that art sale is key to transfer money from A to B or visa versa, without having to justify the amount of money being moved or actually having to buy\/sell something of value in exchange. You could also buy and sell a real piece of valuable art, as a way to store\/transfer value. You could pay someone by selling them a nice piece of art at a bargain, which they can then sell on for its real price. URL_0"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do bitter foods and drinks taste better as we get older?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do bitter foods and drinks taste better as we get older?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I'm not an expert but I think I've read that when you are very young, bitter tastes your body interprets as a poison or dangerous. After repeated exposure the distaste fades and can grow into a liking"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we find B.O. unappealing if it's something that occurs naturally (and often while we're relatively clean)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we find B.O. unappealing if it's something that occurs naturally (and often while we're relatively clean)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I used to be friendly with a homeless guy who hung around outside a bar I used to frequent, and despite being homeless and looking the part, and not even setting foot inside the bar, he managed to go home with women like ALL the time. It was nuts. Some girl would step outside to smoke, or linger before leaving, and he would manage to strike up a conversation with her, charm her, and they'd leave together. Sometimes this all took maybe 10 minutes, tops. I couldn't understand it. Finally, one night I asked him about it. He told me his \"secret\" is that he would stick his hands down his pants, rub his groin area, and then rub that scent onto his neck, and it worked as an aphrodisiac. When I expressed my disbelief (and disgust), he reminded me that we're all animals, and no matter where he was, there was always going to be a steady supply of women who were at just the right point in their menstrual cycles as to make them extra available and legitimately receptive to the smell of his dickcheese. Crazy as it sounds, I saw him go home with a lot of women, so maybe there's something to it. All that is to say, I think we've been conditioned by a cosmetics industry selling us fragrances to believe that our natural scents are unappealing. And I think that is rooted in wealth, or at least the illusion of it. If you don't have BO then I guess it isn't required of you to make much physical effort, which means you must be rich. But if society were to crumble and we all became cavemen again, I think we'd find natural body odors more appealing again. Just ask Dickcheese the Homeless."} {"category":"Biology","question":"can you die of exposure at 37\u00b0F?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n can you die of exposure at 37\u00b0F?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Definitely. That's some pretty cold weather there, and if not properly insulated, you'll lose body heat faster than your body can generate it. Stay like that long enough, and it will eventually lead to hypothermia and death."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What kind of \"data structure\" is a memory in our brain (e.g. sensory, olfactory or visual)? Is a memory some kind of chemical \"data\" inside a neuron, or physical (some neural connection) or something else?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What kind of \"data structure\" is a memory in our brain (e.g. sensory, olfactory or visual)? Is a memory some kind of chemical \"data\" inside a neuron, or physical (some neural connection) or something else?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In many ways the brain is still a mystery to is, but it's generally understood that memories are stored as the connections between our neurons. When we 'learn' something new, new connections are created."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do bubbles in any form of water rise in a zig zag pattern and not straight?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do bubbles in any form of water rise in a zig zag pattern and not straight?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As the bubbles rise to the surface they leave an unsteady set of alternating vortices behind. This phenomenon is known as the [K\u00e1rm\u00e1n vortex street ]( URL_0 ) You can imagine each vortex pulling the liquid on alternating direcions giving rise to the zig-zag."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are members of congress allowed to accept money from organizations such as the NRA?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are members of congress allowed to accept money from organizations such as the NRA?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Still- I do not think it is the NRA money that gives the NRA power, but the solidarity of their voting block"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do people want power and control?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people want power and control?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Evolution favors it. People with lots of power are more likely to command resources that benefit their offspring, increasing their survival rate."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is the currency is some countries that are generally considered to have poorer economic standing more \"powerful\" than more wealthy countries?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the currency is some countries that are generally considered to have poorer economic standing more \"powerful\" than more wealthy countries?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That absolute values of currencies dont really matter, what matters is if they increase or decrease in value compared to other currencies."} {"category":"Biology","question":"- How do octopi have active camouflage?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - How do octopi have active camouflage?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The animal either knows it\u2019s in a light or dark part of the water environment, or it uses its eyes (which are differently than ours) to mimic surrounding colors to actively copy immediately surrounding imagery: like textures and colors. It\u2019s active because it adapts as the surrounding changes, it\u2019s camouflage because the opposite is to confuse by dazzling prey and predators through contrast (I think that\u2019s because of distance recognition and shape rather than camouflage)."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Where does nervous laughter come from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does nervous laughter come from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a reaction, that scientist theorize, as a means of emotional self-regulation; a means of compensating when one emotion starts to get out of hand. We experience this when something is unbearably adorable, and you feel like you have to squish it; or when you get so happy, that you start to cry, or so mad that you break into hysterical laughter. We're pretty awkward with our emotions from an animistic perspective."} {"category":"Physics","question":"what form does the energy released from the fusion of two hydrogen atoms take? Heat, light, etc. and how much?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what form does the energy released from the fusion of two hydrogen atoms take? Heat, light, etc. and how much?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"URL_0 Mostly gamma rays (photons) and neutrinos. So, light."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If a battery stores power in chemical reactions and supercapacitors store power as charge, what is the key enabler that is now making solid state batteries practical, and how is this different from high-discharge batteries or supercapacitors?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If a battery stores power in chemical reactions and supercapacitors store power as charge, what is the key enabler that is now making solid state batteries practical, and how is this different from high-discharge batteries or supercapacitors?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The innovation is a ceramic layer that sits between the cathode and anode and is what puts the \"solid\" in \"solid state\" (as opposed to a non-solid separator). This layer ferries lithium ions from one terminal to another, and critically stops the formation of lithium dentrites (tiny metal spikes that form when lithium batteries charge) from connecting the two sides of the battery and forming short circuits. This working ceramic layer is the new tech that makes the solid state battery practical."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does Putin go through the process of an election?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does Putin go through the process of an election?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Plausible deniability is a big deal. It's one thing that \"everyone knows\" it's bull and actually being able to prove it is a whole another thing. Also because any adverse reactions by the West can then be used as internal propaganda to reinforce the idea that the West is opposed to Russia. Us vs them mentality is a strong thing."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do some electronic screens look weird at certain angles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some electronic screens look weird at certain angles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most screens these days are Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD). It works by shining a light through a filter that only allows light that is twisted horizontally through. (Polarising Filter) Then there's a liquid crystal that either twists it until it's vertical or lets it through unchanged. Then there's another Filter that only lets through vertically twisted light. When you view it from any direction except ahead, all this filtering causes the light to get filtered out or get filtered out wrong."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How was it that the \"boomer\" generation was able to afford as much as they did with the types of jobs they worked, and why is it not like that anymore?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How was it that the \"boomer\" generation was able to afford as much as they did with the types of jobs they worked, and why is it not like that anymore?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The cost of living has gone up substantially, and at a much faster rate than incomes URL_0"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Studies show boxers can punch with 776 pounds of force (source inside). How is it that humans can withstand several of these and remain conscious, but if 776 pounds were dropped on our head we\u2019d die instantly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Studies show boxers can punch with 776 pounds of force (source inside). How is it that humans can withstand several of these and remain conscious, but if 776 pounds were dropped on our head we\u2019d die instantly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"776 pounds of force a boxer is hit with represents setting (not dropping) that much weight on your head for a fraction of a second while laying on a really soft mattress. It wouldn't be pleasant, but very survivable. Dropping that much weight represents a significantly larger amount of force. 776 pounds might sound like a lot, but when we are talking about instantaneous force, it really isn't. An adult male runner exerts about 1000 pounds with each step, but his feet and ankles handle it just fine."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How come the first 100 digits of Pi is enough to calculate the diameter of the solar system down to a grain of sand?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come the first 100 digits of Pi is enough to calculate the diameter of the solar system down to a grain of sand?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's wayyyyyy more decimal places than you need. With just 36 digits of pi you could calculate the circumference of the *observable universe* down to 1 angstrom which is roughly the diameter of a hydrogen atom. There's only 36 orders of magnitude between the diameter of the observable universe(~10^26 meters) and the diameter of a hydrogen atom (10^-10 meters). Its estimated that there are no more than 10^82 atoms in the universe so you should never ever need more than 82 digits to categorize something extremely precisely."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does a wireless phone charger work? How can the phone receive more energy without being connected at all?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a wireless phone charger work? How can the phone receive more energy without being connected at all?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The charging base has an electromagnetic transmitter, and in your phone is a receiver that is connected to your battery charging circuit. basically, they are both magnets. Electricity and magnetism are related, and you can use the difference of potential and oscillation (think of it as a magnetic vibration) to generate electricity. So think of it like this - the plug in the wall brings the electricity to the charging base, which changes it in to a magnetic field. The receiver in your phone converts this magnetic field back to electricity which it uses to charge your phone."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do people pass out\/feel like they're about to, if the suddenly go from very warm water to very cold water or vice versa?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people pass out\/feel like they're about to, if the suddenly go from very warm water to very cold water or vice versa?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's because of the mammalian diving reflex. We experience bradycardia (slow heart rate) and vasoconstriction. Essentially all of our oxygenated blood is shunted to vital areas (Brain, heart, and lungs)only. This conserves oxygen allowing us to endure the cold water for a longer period of time for the best possible chance at survival. Unfortunately in non life threatening situations it can make is feel like we're going to pass out. This \"hack\" is actually used as a first line treatment by physicians when a patient has a rapid heart rate."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do words get mapped to concepts within the brain?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do words get mapped to concepts within the brain?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hebbian learning is a concept in neuroscience that says neurons that fire together wire together. In terms of biology this means when two neurons fire at or about the same time, the synaptic connection between them strengthens and the likelihood of them firing together in the future increases. When you hear a word, you hear it in a context. That context is represented in your brain by the current set of firing neurons. The word you heard is also represented by a set of firing neurons. So according to Hebbian theory, the set of context neurons and the set of word neurons will \u201cwire together\u201d more strongly. Over time, this wiring will become more specific as your hear the word in different contexts."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do stains... stain anything exactly. Any stain on any surface I\u2019m really interested in this?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do stains... stain anything exactly. Any stain on any surface I\u2019m really interested in this?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I can help a little. If you want to know about clothing stains; know that some fabrics like water and absorb and spread it easily. Other fabrics don\u2019t. The terms are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. More generally it seems like the permeability of a surface or material would be factor."} {"category":"Other","question":"If the majority of the population and pollution is situated in the northern hemisphere.. then why is the hole in the ozone layer situated in the southern hemisphere over Antarctica?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the majority of the population and pollution is situated in the northern hemisphere.. then why is the hole in the ozone layer situated in the southern hemisphere over Antarctica?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"During spring, the polar winds sweep around Antarctica and create a polar vortex (similar to a bubble). This traps ozone-depleting chemicals like CFCs and Halocarbons. This phenomenon does not happen at the North Pole due to landmass like Siberia and Canada disrupting the air currents and weakening the polar vortex."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why people with insulin resistance can use injected insulin?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why people with insulin resistance can use injected insulin?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Insulin resistance is not the same as insulin immunity. A patient with type 2 diabetes has functioning insulin receptors, but these don\u2019t work as effectively as in normal people. Their ability to control blood glucose is only reduced. Injecting insulin (human, synthetic or animal) will raise the insulin levels in the blood, further activating the insulin receptors. This increases the insulin-controlled response of muscle, fat and liver cells, and they begin absorbing blood glucose. So it\u2019s not that other insulin is more effective, it\u2019s just a higher quantity of insulin raising the weakened response back to normal. Of course, you have to deal with the side effects of injecting insulin (Low blood sugar - > fainting, coma, lethargy, hassle and cost of injections, risks of infection etc). As type 2 diabetes progresses over the years, insulin-producing cells in the pancreas can be slowly destroyed. The patient will then also have type-1 diabetes, so they will then need insulin injections to replace the lost production of insulin."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is falsetto, and how is it different from normal singing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is falsetto, and how is it different from normal singing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your normal voice is modal. It's \"the optimal combination of airflow and glottal tension that yields maximum vibration.\" It's basically the way you hold your vocal cords to give yourself the maximum vibration. Falsetto is when you vibrate \"the ligamentous edges of the vocal cords, in whole or in part.\" This create a higher pitched sound. So the normal voice uses the mucus membrane part of your vocal cords to produce sound. Mucus membrane is the kind of tissue you feel on the inside of your gums. It's different from ligamentous tissue, which is the tough fibrous elastic tissue that connects bones and cartilage inside your body. So if you are using your normal, comfortable voice, it's going to be modal since that's the optimal balance point for making a vibration. If you purposefully try to speak in a high pitched voice and end up using the ligamentous part of your vocal cords, it's falsetto. [This video has a lot of great examples of someone using his modal and falsetto voices.]( URL_0 ) You can really tell the difference between the way they sound."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does the air behind a fan seem relatively undisturbed while the air in front of a fan is gusting?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the air behind a fan seem relatively undisturbed while the air in front of a fan is gusting?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The air from behind is being drawn in from all directions, but it's being pushed out as a column in a single direction."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do we say \"dehydrated\" instead of \"Malhydrated\". And \"malnourished\" instead of \"denourished\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we say \"dehydrated\" instead of \"Malhydrated\". And \"malnourished\" instead of \"denourished\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Dehydration is the lack of hydration, whereas malnourishment doesn't mean you're not getting nourishment, just bad nourishment. One is the absence, the other is just low quality."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do we instinctively got scared to insects like they can kill us so easily even though some are harmless?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we instinctively got scared to insects like they can kill us so easily even though some are harmless?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some bugs are poisonous, others venomous, some like to lay eggs in our bodies or drink our blood, almost all spread sickness and disease in some way. I'm sure many of our ancestors who did not find insects creepy or disgusting ended up learning of the threat they posed eventually. Those who were too squicked out to mess with them were just a tiiiny bit more likely to breed before dying. And now we're here, where I can't even look at a spider without entering a lovecraftian state of insanity."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does visible heat* have a shadow if it isn\u2019t causing an absence of light?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does visible heat* have a shadow if it isn\u2019t causing an absence of light?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When air gets hot, it changes the density so you have swirling patches of hotter & cooler air. Air of different densities passes light differently, creating those shadows."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do eyeglass lenses cast shadows when they're transparent?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do eyeglass lenses cast shadows when they're transparent?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They change the path of light going through them. They take the light that would have fallen in the area of their shadow and project it into a larger or smaller area. Some area seems a shadow by comparison, but take a close look. Often some area is by the edge brighter as well. That area is getting all the normal light plus the light that made the shadow."} {"category":"Physics","question":"how do fans make the air colder if the temperature is the speed of the molecules and the fan just moves them around faster?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do fans make the air colder if the temperature is the speed of the molecules and the fan just moves them around faster?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fans don't make the air colder, fans help you (or any other heat source) cool off more efficiently. When the air isn't moving, the heat source just heats the air around it to its temperature and then the heat spreads very slowly. Fans constantly drive new cold air to the heat source to prevent that. If the air is hotter than the thing you need to cool off, fans or wind would actually make things worse. For example, a 40-degree (Celsius) wind in the desert will cause you to overheat faster than you would normally do."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How did the whale species get bigger and bigger over millions of years but other species got smaller and smaller?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did the whale species get bigger and bigger over millions of years but other species got smaller and smaller?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The whales got bigger because of adaptations that allowed them to survive in their ocean environment. The thing about terrestrial animals is they can only take being so big in a certain environment, the dinosaurs got so big because the atmosphere was sufficiently enriched with oxygen to allow them to. If a whale tried to go on land it'd die because the different gravity would slowly crush them to death, it's why a whale is in so much danger when it gets beached."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do uncertainties deviate away from the answer the larger the uncertainty is?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do uncertainties deviate away from the answer the larger the uncertainty is?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because half the time, the deviations will have opposite sign, so they will at least partially cancel out. Which makes the extremes less likely. This is related to the law of large numbers."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is the \"silver squeeze\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the \"silver squeeze\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The \"silver\" refers to the metal, while \"squeeze\" refers to a short squeeze. The basic idea is that commodities such as metals are sold in the same way as stock shares, and the idea of \"buy low, sell high\" holds. If you think silver is going to get more expensive then you buy now and sell at the higher price. If you think the price is going to drop you sell what you have... but what if you don't have any and want to make money anyway? What you do is something called \"shorting\". You borrow the silver from someone (for a fee) and sell it immediately at the current price. Then when it goes down in the future and you need to return the borrowed silver you buy it at the current price and return it. If you do this well the difference between what you sold it at and what you bought at is enough to cover the borrowing fee plus make a profit! Now the problem is that if you do such a \"short\" then you need to get silver to return what you borrowed. You *need* this silver, whatever the going rate is. If a bunch of people are needing this silver then those who have silver can \"squeeze\" the market by just holding onto what they have, refusing to sell. This will drive the price higher as the short contracts become due, making those who squeezed a bunch of money and losing those who shorted tons as well. With Covid a lot of people got nervous and started to buy up gold and silver. Now the scare is starting to taper off and the price was expected to fall back to normal, meaning lots of shorts were happening. Then the silver market started to get squeezed..."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does it feel good when you blow on a stinging cut?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does it feel good when you blow on a stinging cut?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's called: [Gate control theory.]( URL_0 ) Basically a non-painful sensation closes the \"gate\" of the painful sensation temporarily."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is the world in debt? who do we owe the money to?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the world in debt? who do we owe the money to?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Governments need more funds than they collect in tax revenue, so they borrow money by issuing bonds. The money is borrowed from investors, both individuals and (primarily) institutional investors like retirement and pension funds, university endowments, insurance companies. About 70% of US debt is owed to American investors while the other 30% is owed to foreign investors, companies, and some foreign government investments (like soverign wealth funds)."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do countries get out of a recession?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do countries get out of a recession?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When people are not working and doing things eventually prices begin to fall for materials, for labor etc. As prices fall return on investment for projects rises so people and companies begin to invest again Seeking those now higher returns thus pulling the economy out of recession. Companies need to hire to take advantage of opportunities thus raising the price of labor after a while and putting more money to work in the economy so consumers have more to spend and more confidence that they can spend thus raising the price level of goods. Government action can help this process along massively but that is the basic mechanism."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How exactly does product-placement work in movies? Do the producers ask for example nike to pay them and they use their stuff? Or do they just say 'we need a sport brand, who wants the spot'?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How exactly does product-placement work in movies? Do the producers ask for example nike to pay them and they use their stuff? Or do they just say 'we need a sport brand, who wants the spot'?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Probaby both. The product marketing people are looking for opportunities to make their brand visible. The movie producers are looking for ways to fund the production."} {"category":"Other","question":"What would happen if all bees go extinct and how would this have a negative consequence on the planet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What would happen if all bees go extinct and how would this have a negative consequence on the planet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Generally. An event that would cause a mass extinction of bees would probably also do a lot of damage to human beings in term of environmental cause. But outside of the very, very, very unlikely chance just bees went extinct, It would cause massive ecological shock, while we have other forms of pollinating insects, bees are the main drive behind most things like agriculture, food production, flower propagation and reproduction of a good deal of fruit bearing and flowering trees"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do movies look weird in 60fps?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do movies look weird in 60fps?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Weird is subjective but probably cause the industry standard for films is 24fps so you\u2019re just not used to 60fps"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does the United States always appear on the left side of a map?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the United States always appear on the left side of a map?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"because the maps you're looking at has the US on the left side. Europe centered maps are popular in western countries. other maps don't have the US on left side. example of a Asian centric map. URL_0 in most maps, it's advantageous to have the sides of the map be somewhere insignificant, like middle of the ocean where nobody lives. there are 2 great areas like that, the atlantic ocean and the pacific ocean. most maps you've seen use the pacific ocean as the divide."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why when we look at or say a particular word too much in a short amount of time do we think it \u201clooks\u201d or \u201csounds\u201d wrong or has no meaning?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why when we look at or say a particular word too much in a short amount of time do we think it \u201clooks\u201d or \u201csounds\u201d wrong or has no meaning?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A cognitive phenomenon called semantic satiation causes this. Basically what we think happens is that in the brain, there are specific patterns of neutron activity linked to recognising the meanings of words. If you repeat the word over and over (or, interestingly, read the word over and over) the brain starts seeing the constant reaction of this same pattern over and over again as strange, and 'turns it down' so to speak. The brain is good at this, it doesn't want your cognitive processes to get 'hung up' on a certain pattern or stimulus like a computer with a frozen program, so it will naturally turn them down if they are repeated. The result is that with the pattern that recognises meaning temporarily suppressed you start hearing\/reading the sound rather than the meaning."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Where does my bellybutton go?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does my bellybutton go?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Medical student here Your belly button is the artifact left behind of your umbilical cord. Once you are birthed, they snip the cord a few inches off the base. After a few days it drys up and falls off because no nutrients are being received. The inside part of the cord is connected to the bladder, the gut, and the main vein that goes to the heart called the Vena Cava. Since your body has no need for those structures, they just get broken down by the body. Sometimes, they aren\u2019t fully broken down and can cause a cyst or a full on opening such as a Meckel\u2019s diverticulum or Patent Urachus. Usually these need to be closed or removed surgically."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does humid heat feel so much hotter than dry heat?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does humid heat feel so much hotter than dry heat?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The humidity, or moisture, in the air makes it more difficult for the sweat to evaporate off of the skin which is the body's way of cooling off."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How come radio waves can travel through a concrete wall, but visible light cant?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come radio waves can travel through a concrete wall, but visible light cant?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When EM waves interact with a material as waves, the spacing between the atoms \/ molecules of the material matters; the wavelength has to be able to \"squeeze\" through the spaces between atoms. It's like sea waves: a wavelength will pass through [this]( URL_1 ) but will be blocked by [this]( URL_0 )."} {"category":"Biology","question":"When we focus on a moving object we can smoothly move our eyes however if nothing is there we cant smoothly move them from left to right?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When we focus on a moving object we can smoothly move our eyes however if nothing is there we cant smoothly move them from left to right?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Horizontal saccades (eye movements) feel like they are smooth, but they aren't. They are always somewhat jerky, but your brain corrects the visual input so that you interpret it as smooth movement. When you have a moving object this allows the brain's \"correction software\" to do a more convincing job of making you think it was a smooth movement."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does a virus like \"Petya\" lock a computer so that it can't just simply be deleted, and how do the makers receive the ransom money without their identities being disclosed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a virus like \"Petya\" lock a computer so that it can't just simply be deleted, and how do the makers receive the ransom money without their identities being disclosed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> how does a virus like \"Petya\" lock a computer so that it can't just simply be deleted The software takes everything on the hard-drive and encrypts it. Everything, including OS that gets loaded at bootup. So when it reboots, instead of grabbing the OS you expect it to grab, the virus have it load itself. Computers run and operate out of RAM, but that goes away when you turn it off. When a computer boots up, it's loading software from the hard-drive to RAM. (Which is why SSDs make bootup times faster). > and how do the makers receive the ransom money without their identities being disclosed? Typically bit-coin. With the right key to a bundle of bit-coins, they can sell that to other people for cash. Their \"bit-coin\" ID is forever stamped into the logs, but there's no real way to associate that ID with their real ID."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it that the urgency of having to urinate grows by 2-3 times as soon as you enter the bathroom?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that the urgency of having to urinate grows by 2-3 times as soon as you enter the bathroom?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a learned behaviour. You go to the bathroom to urinate. Your body and mind understand this and are prepared to do this because that is why you enter the bathroom. Trained responses for your body create a sensation that addresses the urge to urniate coupled with the training you have been put through to pee in the toilet in the bathroom."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What promotes a better immune system, being sick and recovering (with or without medication) frequently or avoiding being sick as much as possible?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What promotes a better immune system, being sick and recovering (with or without medication) frequently or avoiding being sick as much as possible?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One important note here is that being \"sick\" and preparing your immune system are not the same thing. Someone working outdoors, getting occasional scrapes and breathing in pollen and detritus is giving his immune system a workout (to oversimplify) and someone trapping themselves in a sterile climate controlled room is not. The adventurous person is more likely to encounter pathogens, and one or more of them might be of a dangerous enough variety that they get sick. The person hiding from germs isn't as likely to encounter pathogens, but could get very sick from pathogens that the adventurous person's body would fight off before they noticed any symptoms. Their is no \"what is better\" because life is too dynamic and circumstantial."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How can one infinity be \"larger\" than another if they're both infinite?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can one infinity be \"larger\" than another if they're both infinite?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mathematicians say that a set has equal size to another set when you can pair each element of one set with one element of the other set and vice versa. For example the sets {1,2,3} and {4,5,6} have equal size because one can pair 1 < --- > 4 2 < --- > 5 3 < --- > 6. Similarly the natural numbers {0,1,2,3,4,...} and the whole numbers {...,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,...} are of equal size because one can pair 0 < --- > 0 -1 < --- > 1 1 < ---- > 2 -2 < --- > 3 2 < --- > 4 . . . and so on. So you always pair every naturual number n with 2 * n and every negative number -m with 2*m-1. So you always have a pair. This does, however, not always work. For example the set of all real numbers (numbers with infinitely many decimal places) cannot be paired up in this way with the natural numbers. One can show that in every possible pairing which uses up all natural numbers there are still unpaired real numbers. Because there are always left over real numbers mathematicians say that the set of real numbers is lager than the set of natural numbers. EDIT: If you are intersted in the argument why we cannot pair the real and the natural numbers check out \/u\/40oz_coffee's comment about Cantor's diagonal argument."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What happens to extended warranties from Sears if\/when they file for bankruptcy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens to extended warranties from Sears if\/when they file for bankruptcy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Usually the warranty is with a separate party. If that is the case, the warranty should be fine. If Sears holds the warranty, and they go under, chances are the warranty will be no good."} {"category":"Physics","question":"how do objects keep their shape?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do objects keep their shape?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Atoms are usually held together by many many many bonds between them. These bonds form due to several different attractions between the positive nuclei and negative electron shells. There are several different kinds of these bonds, and I don't think you need to know all of them, but suffice to say that they tend to be quite rigid. When atoms stick together, the simplest example being a salt crystal, the positive and negative atoms arrange themselves in a checkerboard pattern and then these checkerboard patterns stack. They resist force because the atoms don't want to slide past one another. When you stretch something, the bonds between atoms stretch or compress slightly. When you push hard enough, the atoms slip past one another. The reason that a pencil doesn't stick to your hand is that when you hold a pencil there is actually very little touching area between your fingers and the pencil. There is a tiny gap of air in most of the space that seems to be touching. This prevents the atoms from bonding. If two perfectly flat surfaces were rubbed together, especially if they were of similar materials, they would stick. If you look up optical flats you might get an idea of what I mean."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What does % chance of rain really mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does % chance of rain really mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> They\u2019d be better off just saying 50% every day and always being right. Except that it doesn't rain 50% of the time, so I don't see how that would be right. Rain probabilities are derived from current weather data like wind, temperature, air pressure, humidity, dew point, and so on. Over a long period of time, those percentages should correlate with what is observed."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do they sell things ending in 99 cents and not round it up to the nearest dollar?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do they sell things ending in 99 cents and not round it up to the nearest dollar?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a pyschological thing, would you be willing to pay 100$ instead of 99.99$? Most would not."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Since the stomach is kidney shaped, with the Pyloric sphincter positioned to the right and up slightly from the bottom of the stomach, how does your body move food\/liquid from the stomach to the small intestine when laying down on the side opposite to the opening (left side)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Since the stomach is kidney shaped, with the Pyloric sphincter positioned to the right and up slightly from the bottom of the stomach, how does your body move food\/liquid from the stomach to the small intestine when laying down on the side opposite to the opening (left side)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The entire digestive tract from your esophagus to your rectum is basically one big tube engulfed inmuscles. These muscles contract periodically to push your stomach content towards your bottom end, and they are strong enough to force it against gravity - though it makes it more difficult\/slows it down when you are in a position where gravity opposes this direction."} {"category":"Other","question":"How are names translated in sign language?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are names translated in sign language?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To expand on u\/its2late's correct answer - When there's a word \/ concept that doesn't have a direct sign, often there will be a temporary sign created for the duration of the conversation. The signer fingerspells the word, then indicates the representative handsign they're going to use. For example, if two ASL signers are discussing lycanthropy, one may fingerspell the word, then assign it a sign like `handshape for L which moves in a down-and-out motion` (like a wolf howling). The two signers then use that temporary sign for the remainder of the discussion. If you hang out with Deaf community folks you might get a Sign Name, which is basically an ASL custom sign for you that is used consistently."} {"category":"Technology","question":"The differences between WiFi, cellular data, and Bluetooth on a technical level?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n The differences between WiFi, cellular data, and Bluetooth on a technical level?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They're all ways to communicate by radio transmission. Really the difference at base level is what frequency and what protocols they use. At the physical level, they're all the same as your car radio."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does alchohol tend to make you more social than usual?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does alchohol tend to make you more social than usual?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Alcohol effectively slows down how quickly your brain cells work, but it doesn't do this equally to all of them, which is why you don't find yourself struggling to breath after a drink or two. The result of certain parts of the brain being \"calmed\" in this way is that your inhibitions are reduced, for better or worse. The more you drink, the less your higher functions... function, and in moderation that makes you more social, more open. Too much and it makes you stammer, stumble, and struggle. Way too much and you lose consciousness and basic functions start to go wrong. Slightly off topic, be careful with alcohol for this very reason, especially for people who can struggle socially, it can become a crutch."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do objects get more massive when they move at higher velocity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do objects get more massive when they move at higher velocity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"These past posts shed some light on it: 1. [ELI5: why and\/or how does mass increase with speed? What is happening? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_8 comments_) 1. [ELI5: e=(mc)2 - if objects gain mass as they approach the speed of light... ]( URL_0 ) ^(_7 comments_)"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"how does wind get inside of courtyards?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does wind get inside of courtyards?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Try to thank of it like water. The wind coming down is hitting something, making it splash in a different direction. This might make it feel like it's coming from the left instead of from above."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What are the advantages of a duodecimal system ? Would it be worth to change the way we usually count ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the advantages of a duodecimal system ? Would it be worth to change the way we usually count ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The main advantage is that 2 and 3 are factors of twelve. That means that 1\/2, 1\/3, 1\/4, 1\/6, 1\/8, and 1\/9 can all be expressed with a finite number of \"decimal\" digits. It also means if you have \"10\" dollars, it can be split evenly 2, 3, 4, or 6 ways. By comparison, in base 10, only 1\/2, 1\/4, 1\/5, and 1\/8 have a finite \"decimal\" representations, and 10 can only be split 2 or 5 ways."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do they stop the lines from mixing together when you squeeze the toothpaste?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do they stop the lines from mixing together when you squeeze the toothpaste?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Toothpaste is very viscous (aka thick), so it doesn't flow much on its own. Viscous fluids don't mix together very easily. Also, when you squeeze the tube, you're applying mostly even, linear pressure, which will direct the toothpaste toward the hole; there's nothing causing turbulence that would cause it to swirl together. If you leave the tube closed and squeeze it in all different directions, kneading it all over, it might come out more mixed."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do our brains forget, and how do photographic memories bypass it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do our brains forget, and how do photographic memories bypass it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Our brain can only hold so much information. If we have too much, your brain will overload. So when you sleep, your brain goes through everything and deletes stuff that it considers not important. If our brain didn't do that, we'd pretty much overload. Photographic memory let's you picture stuff, but at the same time, your brain will be overloaded with useless information. So while photographic memory let's you see stuff, you'll be overloaded with useless information, making focusing on one memory hard as well"} {"category":"Other","question":"What are Spaghetti Westerns? How does the spaghetti factor in?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are Spaghetti Westerns? How does the spaghetti factor in?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Westerns written or directed by italians during a certain time, sometimes an American writer\/director going over to italy to produce them It got the name because italians like spaghetti (in Americans eyes, back then)"} {"category":"Other","question":"How do suspect drawings work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do suspect drawings work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The artist has several templates to show the witness, and ask them questions like \"Are the eyes more like this or that?\". They combine a bunch of features and ask the person \"How is this wrong?\". The work takes skills beyond just drawing, to interact with the person and get a good drawing. Some people are not very good in their recollections, often as affected by recent drinking etc. The pictures are pretty generic, and lots of people look \"like them\". Of course in a TV show set in LA there are still only 100 actors+extras in the shots. If the drawing is accurate to 1:100, that means it only looks like one person on the set. But in real LA with a population of 4M people, the picture looks like about 40K of them. That's not going to be an Ah Ha moment in real life like it is on the TV show."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is truth decay and why is it important to keep in mind?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is truth decay and why is it important to keep in mind?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\u201cTruth decay\u201d is exactly what it sounds like. the diminishing role of facts and analysis\u2014 usually in reference to the American public life. It\u2019s always important to check where you\u2019re getting your facts from\u2014 if the source is twisting the data, if the source\/data itself isn\u2019t reliable, etc."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do current FM radio station channels only range from ~80 - ~105?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do current FM radio station channels only range from ~80 - ~105?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That was the range assigned by various governments throughout the world for FM radio. Use of radio spectrum frequencies are regulated by the government. The reason being that if 2 people try to use the same frequency they could potentially interfere with one another. As a result various frequency ranges are assigned for different types of use. Some of the various ranges are AM radio, tv, wifi, cellular phone, etc. Since radio broadcasters are in a very stable physical location there is no need for a very wide range. For example if 106.1 in a city is permitted a 100 mile\/160 km range, all you have to do is ensure that that frequency is assigned to another station with an overlapping range.."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is Linear Functions about? What does a position or a slope of a line have to do with it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is Linear Functions about? What does a position or a slope of a line have to do with it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You and your friend have an eating competition! You will eat as many apples as you can, while your friend tries to beat you by eating more mangoes. If you eat 10 apples, your friend eats 20 mangoes. You get angry. You eat 30 apples. Your friend does better and eats 60 mangoes. Every time you try to beat him and eat more apples, inexplicably, he eats double the amount of mangoes! So your friend sees how much you eat, and then always doubles it. He does not square or cube the amount you eat. He simply doubles it. This means he increases the number of fruits he eats linearly based on how much you eat. Number of mangoes eaten by your friend = 2 * number of apples eaten by you. Here, 2 is the factor by which he eats more than you. This factor is the slope. He could triple the amount he eats or quadruple it. As long as he simply multiplies what you eat with a simple number, 2 or 3 or 10, it is a linear dependence. And the factor of multiplication is the slope. Now a third friend enters the picture. He wants to beat both of you by eating plums. He is clever. He also doubles what you eat, but to beat your 1st friend, he simply eats one more plum. So if you eat 10 apples, he first doubles it to 20 and then eats one more (making total 21) to beat your first friend. Now, the slope is still 2 because he doubled your basic amount. The addition at the end could be any simple number: 1, 10, 50 but the multiplication with the first basic number of apples was 2. Therefore the slope is still 2. You can generalize such relations with an equation like y=mx+c. Y is the final amount. X was the original amount. M is the multiplication factor. C is the addition factor. The multiplication factor is the slope. The equation itself is called a linear equation because if you take arbitrary values for m and c (say 2 and 10, so y=2x+10), and keep increasing x from 0 to 100 , you will get a value of y for each of the x value. Then if you plot the coordinates (x,y) it will turn out to be a straight LINE. If the x was not just x, but x^2 or x^3 then the plot would not longer be a line, so the equation would not be called a linear equation anymore."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why do we laugh? And does it serve a purpose?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do we laugh? And does it serve a purpose?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\u201cSomeone looks like they just got badly hurt! Oh wait, they\u2019re actually ok.\u201d \u201cSomeone just broke a social taboo! Oh, but nobody is seriously upset about it.\u201d \u201cSomething just surprised me! Oh, but it\u2019s nothing dangerous.\u201d Laughter is the \u201call clear\u201d signal to everyone around that releases tension when you discover that a situation that was surprising or potentially threatening in some way is not actually a serious problem. Like a lot of other behaviors, it has also been co-opted as a method of social bonding."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do people leave the car window rolled down on a hot summer day?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people leave the car window rolled down on a hot summer day?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because my baby is in there. I'm not a monster. Eating a meal takes time and I'm not going to let him and his puppy suffer."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do we have to learn \"some\" things in school even though we wouldn't need\/use it in the future?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we have to learn \"some\" things in school even though we wouldn't need\/use it in the future?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A lot of learning in school is more to teach general problem solving skills and giving a wide breadth of knowledge even if it isn't particularly deep in any particular topic. For example, after a certain point, you *won't* use a lot of particular math concepts in your day-to-day life (work *or* home) but in learning how to do these things you also learn problem solving skills."} {"category":"Other","question":"How did all the civilizations take inspiration from the cosmos?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did all the civilizations take inspiration from the cosmos?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Without modern light pollution, the night sky looks [really different]( URL_0 ). Imagine you're a primitive human. You sleep 8 hours a night, even though it's too dark to see what you're doing for (on average) 12 hours. You've got 4 hours to kill, and your options are pretty much limited to sex and talking. After you're sexed out, you might as well talk about the only thing you can see. After years of looking at the stars, you start to notice patterns - most of the stars move in a big circle, but that one star never moves, and that other bright star wanders around on its own, and that one constellation always shows up around harvest time."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If a medication has a half life of 6 hours, (we can use montelukast for this examples) but say it\u2019s effective for 24 hours? How can that be true?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If a medication has a half life of 6 hours, (we can use montelukast for this examples) but say it\u2019s effective for 24 hours? How can that be true?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Nurse here. Medication is like the porridge in Goldilocks, too much in the body (a lot of side effects, OD), too little in the body (no effect) or juuuust right amount (the desired effect). The just right is called the therapeutic window. Now, the therapeutic window is different for different medications. Let's say that you take Montelukast, the therapeutic window is quite broad.. so even if you take a high amount it doesn't hit the levels where it would do damage, but can also go down half and still be in the therapeutic window. There are also other reasons, for example slow release tablets that make the uptake of the body to be more spaced out. There are many different reasons for this. Hope that helps."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What does statistically significant mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does statistically significant mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It means \"it's very unlikely this happened by chance\". Take a coin, and throw it into the air. It can either land heads or tails. If it's a fair coin, the probabilities are 50\/50. Half the time it's going to be heads, half tails. How likely are you to get heads twice in a row? 0.5 * 0.5 = 25% How likely are you to get heads 3 times in a row? 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5 = 12.5% At some fuzzy point that's really quite arbitrary we just decide \"Well, it's came up heads 100 times in a row. That's very, very unlikely to happen by chance, so it must be that the coin is rigged to fall on heads\". The \"p < 0.05\" is just a way to say \"the probability of this happening by chance is below 5%\", and somebody decided that a 5% risk of being wrong because things happened to align just right is acceptable."} {"category":"Other","question":"In music theory, what determines a chord's name?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In music theory, what determines a chord's name?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Short version : the distance in pitch between the individual notes in the chord. Long version: a chord is 3 notes or more played simultaneously. As you may already know, there are 7 \"whole\" notes: A B C D E F G. It's the distance between notes in that chord that give the chord its \"name\". About how we measure the distance in pitch in music: The distance in pitch between A and B for example is called a tone. Same between C and D, D and E,and so on. So, are all notes distant in pitch from the next one from a tone? Almost. B to C and E to F are only distant from a half-tone (yeah it can seem random but don't bother why for now, that's a different topic ;) So, for example, C is 2 tones away from E: - > C to D = 1 tone - > D to E = 1 tone == > C to E = 2 tones. A is only 1,5 tones away from C: - > A to B = 1 tone - > B to C = 0,5 tone (as mentioned above) == > A to C = 1,5 tone With this system, you can write in number the distance in pitch between any notes. We use a word for each of the possible distance between notes: it's called Intervals. That's where those major and minor stuff comes in play. From A, the second note is B. It's called a second. From A again, the third note is C. It's called a third, and so on ( fourth to D, fifth to F...) But wait, if I go from B to D, the half note thing is messing with our nice intervals, isn't it? Why should A to C (1,5tones difference) and C to E ( 2 tones difference) be called the same? They are clearly different to human ear!! C to E is a Major Third (2 tones distance) A to C is a minor Third (1,5 tones distance) That's why you call C-E-G a Major Chord (remember we need 3 notes to make a Chord) : it starts with a Major Third ( C to E). And A-C-E is a minor Chord : it starts with a minor Third (A to C are only 1,5 half-tone distant) And what about this third note? Well, its distance from the first one will also be indicated in the chord's name. If you have a 4 or 5 notes chord, same deal, it changes the chord's name. I will admit something though. I kinda lied. If you go half a tone ( also called half a step) higher than A, you get something that is also a note : A sharp. Half a tone below A is A flat. So you could say that there is really 12 notes in the western tonal music. I'll let you try and count - fun times. And just to mess with you: B sharp exists, C flat also, they are the same note on a piano but we sometime need to differentiate them. Told you, fun times. Hope it helps, don't hesitate to check for more info or PM me, I learned music in a different language so I might have made little mistakes!"} {"category":"Physics","question":"When exhaling underwater, why do multiple bubbles come out and not a big one?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When exhaling underwater, why do multiple bubbles come out and not a big one?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because the air that you exhale starts rising up to the surface right away, and doesn't wait for you to \"inflate\" the bubble to make it bigger. If you could swim upwards as fast as the air bubbles, you could theoretically inflate a big bubble like a balloon, while it rises up to the surface."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If wearing a face mask doesn\u2019t reduce oxygen levels, then why does it feel difficult to breathe when wearing one?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If wearing a face mask doesn\u2019t reduce oxygen levels, then why does it feel difficult to breathe when wearing one?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your body doesn't sense oxygen level. It senses CO2 level. This means that the extra CO2 from your exhaust that you breathe back in signals \"stuffy air\" to your lungs and tells them to work harder. It's not a feature, it's a bug, as the exhaust still has most of the oxygen it had in the first place."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why is a triangle always 180 degrees?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is a triangle always 180 degrees?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you are walking along the perimeter of a triangle, you will turn a total of 360\u00b0 by the time that you get back to where you started. That 360\u00b0 will be spread among the three corners of the triangle. At each corner you will turn by some amount. 180\u00b0 minus the amount that you turn is the interior angle of that corner (draw it out if you aren't sure). The sum of the interior angles is therefore (180\u00b0-turn1)+(180\u00b0-turn2)+(180\u00b0-turn3)=540\u00b0-(sum of turns). Since the sum of the turns in 360\u00b0, that means the sum of the interior angles is 180\u00b0"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How are chess players rated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are chess players rated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The Elo rating system. Players have a numerical rank that goes up when they win and down when they lose. When they win against someone with a lower rating than them, they don't get as many points as when they beat someone with a higher rank than them. If they lose against someone higher rated than them they don't lose as many points as if they lost to someone ranked below them. This means you need to beat players of equivalent or greater skill (per the rating system) to increase your rank, but losing to an extremely highly rated player isn't very impactful unless you are also very highly rated. You can't easily rank up by beating players much worse than you, but losing to them is very detrimental. Many other sports and eSports use a similar ranking system."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why do some statistics count numbers in the millions \u201cin thousands?\u201d","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some statistics count numbers in the millions \u201cin thousands?\u201d","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I'm assuming you're actually talking about visualizations of data, like graphs. If one of the dimensions of your dataset is just a collection of very large numbers (e.g. all the population counts of South American countries) it's easier to just add a footnote \"*thousands\" so you don't have to write out all digits in the visualization."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"AMA with Neil Degrasse Tyson where he said there was no room for more elements on the periodic table and we have discovered all the natural elements in the universe. Is it possible there are some elsewhere in the universe that just don't naturally occur where we are?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n AMA with Neil Degrasse Tyson where he said there was no room for more elements on the periodic table and we have discovered all the natural elements in the universe. Is it possible there are some elsewhere in the universe that just don't naturally occur where we are?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Elements are still made up of the same material, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Differing numbers of these define the chemical elements that exist. So they can't 'hide,' if you know what you've got with 11 protons, and you know what you've got with 12 protons, there's not something with 11.5 protons undiscovered in the wild. There might be elements that are not yet discovered, which don't occur (frequently or at all) naturally, and which are not very stable, that we haven't seen yet, but they're not going to pop up in the middle of the table, and we can't really conceive of a way for them to be likely to exist in the wild. For them to form 'somewhere else in the universe' in any different fashion you'd have to come up with a reason to expect a different part of the universe behaves differently than the part we can see."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do guns recoil upward rather than downward?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do guns recoil upward rather than downward?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because the barrel is at the top of the gun and where the gun makes contact with your body is below the barrel. The gun will pivot where it connects to your body."} {"category":"Economics","question":"how does Toys R Us royally screw former employees out of wages and due benefits by filing for bankruptcy but is able to open a new brick and mortar store domestically without having to make good on the former?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does Toys R Us royally screw former employees out of wages and due benefits by filing for bankruptcy but is able to open a new brick and mortar store domestically without having to make good on the former?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Are you talking about Canada? Sounds like Fairfax Financial bought the remaining stores. Basically when a company buys the assets of another company that has filed bankruptcy including the stores and the name, the new company isn't responsible for the debts of the original company."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"how does bug spray kill bugs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does bug spray kill bugs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on the specific chemical, but a lot of them are some form of insect-specific nerve agent. There are a variety of modes of action, but the most common (afaik) is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, preventing nerve signals from turning off. This is the same mechanism of action as sarin gas, but the chemicals used will only (intentionally) affect insects."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do people claim milk is unhealthy when we are all taught that it is healthy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people claim milk is unhealthy when we are all taught that it is healthy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"An interesting series of studies on low-fat vs. full-fat dairy. A 46% less occurrence of diabetes in full-fat dairy consumers. Of course, correlation is not causation, but 46%?!!? Geez."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Is there any biological use for the pearls that some oysters create, or are we basically just wearing clam cancer around our necks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there any biological use for the pearls that some oysters create, or are we basically just wearing clam cancer around our necks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A grain of sand gets into the flesh of the oyster and it has sharp edges that cut. The oyster in turn creates a coating that smooths out the sharp edges so they don\u2019t cause too much damage to the flesh. The oyster has no way of ejecting the sand so it keeps making the coating, and keeps layering it on the grain of sand. Eventually you end up with a pearl. Other than protecting the soft flesh of the oyster from damage by sand, no, there is no real biological reason to create them. If the oyster could somehow eject the offending particle, we wouldn\u2019t get pearls."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do planets close the Sun, like Mercury, have very hot days BUT very cold nights as well, despite being so closr to the Sun?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do planets close the Sun, like Mercury, have very hot days BUT very cold nights as well, despite being so closr to the Sun?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When the sun is shining on the side of a planet it warms up that ground, when that side rotates away from the sun it radiates its heat away into space. If there is an atmosphere, that traps a lot of the IR radiation and keeps that side of the planet warm Mercury has basically no atmosphere so it makes sense that it'll get hit with a huge amount of sunlight and be very hot during the day which takes 88 Earth days.... It then has no atmosphere to trap the heat so during the 88 Earth days that a side is facing away from the sun it can radiate away basically all of its heat Venus is another one that is closer to the sun than us and also rotates stupidly slowly (a Venusian day takes 116 Earth days) but because it has such a thick atmosphere the majority of the energy absorbed during those first 63 days can't effectively radiate away during the 63 day long night period. Venus's atmosphere at the surface is 50x denser than Earths so it is pretty much always at 460C all across the planet unlike Mercury which swings from -220C to 420C"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do plugged in electronics take only as much power as they need?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do plugged in electronics take only as much power as they need?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Think of mains power like the water in a tap. The water can only flow if there is a path for it to flow. Opening, closing, or limiting the path, the device controls how much current flows."} {"category":"Physics","question":"On most microphones there is a metal grate that you sing or speak into, why does this not distort or muffle the voice?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n On most microphones there is a metal grate that you sing or speak into, why does this not distort or muffle the voice?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The short answer is that the openings in the grate are wide enough to as to avoid any major impact. It *probably* does make a tiny difference, but it's an acceptable trade-off for the sake of the microphone element's protection."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does dropping a firecracker in an enclosed space (e.g. sewer\/manhole or mine shaft) create such a large explosion?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does dropping a firecracker in an enclosed space (e.g. sewer\/manhole or mine shaft) create such a large explosion?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It *can* cause an explosion because of the buildup of sewer gases as a result of decomposition. There is a lot of methane and other compounds which is flammable that accumulates in those confined spaces. Adding a spark or flame can set the whole thing off. You can also see the same phenomenon in swamp gas and ordinary flatulence ~~if~~ when you light it."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why does powder detergent feels hot when you pour a little water ( enough to become like a paste ) on your hand?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does powder detergent feels hot when you pour a little water ( enough to become like a paste ) on your hand?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well I\u2019m not sure about this, but the most likely explanation for a mixture of powder and water feeling hot to touch is that when the powder dissolved in the water, the process is \u201cexothermic,\u201d meaning that it gives off heat. Some powders would feel cold to the touch when dissolving in water (endothermic), while others are like your powder detergent. It depends on the properties of the chemical that makes up the powder, along with a few more complex rules of chemistry! :-)"} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do satellites leave the atmosphere no problem, but burn up when they come back in?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do satellites leave the atmosphere no problem, but burn up when they come back in?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The satellites are enclosed in a [protective fairing]( URL_0 ) on the top of a rocket on their way up. When they get outside the atmosphere they eject the fairing which then falls back to Earth, then the satellite is sped the rest of the way up to get into a good orbit. The fairing has a huge area and not much mass so it falls back to Earth relatively slowly, they generally land in the ocean though SpaceX has been trying to catch theirs in a net to make them quicker to reuse. The rocket also travels quite a bit slower while going up than the satellite would coming down. The rocket might be going Mach 10 when it gets to the really thin areas of the upper atmosphere but would be going significantly slower in the thicker sections. A satellite in Low Earth Orbit is traveling around Mach 22 and will quickly reach the denser parts of the atmosphere and experience far far more heating on the way down than the much slower rocket did on the way up."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Scientifically speaking, how do we generate the voice in our head that says all of our thoughts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Scientifically speaking, how do we generate the voice in our head that says all of our thoughts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It is a little bit complicated, and still being actively researched. The basic concept is that when you are reading or thinking about something, your mind actually does almost all the same things as if you were going to speak it. When you read this sentence you mind is actually doing 90% of the same things as if you were going to speak it. Older [studies]( URL_0 ) found that the larynx is making tiny mico movements when you hear the voice in your head. Newer [studies]( URL_1 ) have found that the mind anticipates the noises you make when you actually speak, and thus filters them to avoid sensation confusion. When you read or think in your voice the mind is making that same anticipation reflex which is why you hear it in your own voice."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If an atom splitting causes a nuclear explosion, could a natural coincidence cause one?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If an atom splitting causes a nuclear explosion, could a natural coincidence cause one?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Instable atoms split all the time in nature. What causes a nuclear explosion is a chainreaction where one splitting causes multiple more. This is only possible if you have enough instable material gathered in one place (critical mass) wich will instantly explode. Thats how they are triggered. Take something below critical mass and smack a little more Uranium on it. It's a statistical property but the chance of Uranium below the critical mass getting a chainreaction going is just too low to think about it. Imagine you roll a dice and whenever you have a 6 you roll 2 more times. How high is the chance to get a billion throws before each chain ends? Atoms lighter than iron (so most we see in our daily life) do not release energy when they split. Other heavy atoms do not split spontanously because they are stable. It's really just a few radioactive materials that work for this process because they are large and instable."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are phone screen still made in breakable glass?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are phone screen still made in breakable glass?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Plexiglass isn't a glass, it's plastic: it scratches really easily. And there is no \"unbreakable glass\" so I'm not really sure what you're referring to. If you mean like the one in car windshields, that one still breaks but the fragments are kept in place by thin layers of plastic laminated together with the glass: you still see the cracks. Phone screens are made of glass whose surface has been strongly hardened to increase scratch and impact resistance, but like any brittle materials they still break in some cases."} {"category":"Other","question":"is it true that when japanese workers are on a strike they start to produce more instead of not producing at all? Why? How does this work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n is it true that when japanese workers are on a strike they start to produce more instead of not producing at all? Why? How does this work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I have not heard of the example you give, but I have heard of service workers still providing their service without accepting any payment. The customer is still happy but the owner isn\u2019t making any income. Not sure if this is the reason, but this tactic certainly keeps the public sympathetic to the striking workers."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do materials and objects absorb light?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do materials and objects absorb light?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Atoms are made out of protons, neutrons and electrons. Electrons are in shells around the nucleus. Electrons can move up a shell if they receive the right amount of energy called quanta in the form of photons (light). This is how light is absorbed, through electrons. Electrons can also not absorb light and just let it pass through making it transparent in that spectrum of light (think glass, it lets through visible light but not UV). An atom can also absorb light and re-emit it, making the light look like it bounced off of it. We know that the particle that carries the electromagnetic interaction is the photon. It interacts with charged particles like quarks, leptons (without neutrinos), the W boson (also antimatter). Also ionizing radiation is dangerous for the reason it carries so much energy it can kick electrons out of the atom completely, causing mutations and damage to the tissue. TL:DR-electrons in different shells need different amounts of energy to move up a shell. Every atom\/molecule needs different energy levels for their shells. Photons interact with electrons and can be absorbed, pass through or bounce off of the atom."} {"category":"Biology","question":"what do your organs do after surgery? Like the ones that get removed, what happens with that space?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what do your organs do after surgery? Like the ones that get removed, what happens with that space?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"All your organs are stuffed in you pretty tightly. After removing one, your other organs just kinda fill up the negative space. Picture winning a stuffed toy out of a claw machine."} {"category":"Other","question":". How does a snowflake maintain symmetry in all of six sections but share no symmetry with other snowflakes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n . How does a snowflake maintain symmetry in all of six sections but share no symmetry with other snowflakes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"by \"careful\" practice. A symmetric snowflake costs less energy to maintain than an asymmetric one. Or in other words, starting from a warm drop, when the molecules wiggle and try a more symmetric shape, they release more energy into the surrounding. if the surrounding is colder than the water\/flake they don't get that energy back. So bit by bit as the snowflake loses energy, it gets more and more symnetric."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is a brokerage firm and how do they make profit?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a brokerage firm and how do they make profit?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A group of people who help you buy and sell stocks (or other investments). They charge you a fee every time you buy or sell something. URL_2 URL_0 URL_1"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why do certain musical notes harmonize?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do certain musical notes harmonize?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's the relative position of the peaks and troughs of the wave form. If a second pitch has a waveform that will align a peak frequently, then the sound is considered pleasant. Two notes that are dissonant would have peaks that only aligned after a great number or cycles, which is why dissonant notes have different rates at which they \"warble\". Not the most eloquent answer, but that's basically it."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why can we stay in the 100C\u00b0 sauna for a few minutes, but can't take the heat if your shower water is a little bit too hot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can we stay in the 100C\u00b0 sauna for a few minutes, but can't take the heat if your shower water is a little bit too hot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Burns aren't just a result of how hot something is, but also how quickly the heat can transfer from something else, to your skin. The water you're in contact with in the sauna is water vapor, which doesn't transfer heat to you as well as the direct water from your shower."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How did the restaurant industry convince the American population to pay their employees for them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did the restaurant industry convince the American population to pay their employees for them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Before the Prohibition of alcohol, tips were basically bribery so some customer could get better services like bigger plates of be given food faster. When the Prohibition of alcohol came, restaurants saw a huge income decrease and they encourage their waiters to accept tips so they could get paid, instead of readjusting the whole prices so the money before spent on alcohol was driven to food and non.alcoholic beverages. This become so strong that now reataurants can pay little no nothing while their customers live out of tips. In reallity, they can accept the tips and if they dont get to minimun wage, they can legally ask the money to their employer so they can get minimun wage. This is something just in USA and maybe some other countries. In Spain, where i live, tipping is not mandatory but is somewhat encouraged if the service is good, fast and take more orders than normal, if the table was big, if they bring bread and tap water instead of bottled when we ask for it... In Japan is even considered of bad education to give money as a tip cause is seen as a way to show off how much money you have."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"what's the difference between shampoo and shampoo body wash mix?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what's the difference between shampoo and shampoo body wash mix?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Copy Pasta from 3 years ago when something very similar was asked. Question credit goes to: \/u\/alexjo1996 Answer credit goes to: \/u\/jlking3 --------------- Shampoo and body wash can actually be interchangeable, as anyone in an emergency situation knows. There's a slightly different pH required for both, but our bodies are quite adaptable, so using the more acidic of the two for both is acceptable, especially for the short time the detergent is on our skin and how rapidly it is rinsed away. Combination shampoo-body washes tend to be made a little thinner than a standalone body wash, so that helps things rinse away well. The combination shampoo-conditioners don't condition your hair in the same way that regular conditioners do (which is by replacing oils that the detergent strips away). Combination shampoo-conditioners work on the notion that certain very acidic shampoo formulas leave the cuticle of the hair smoothed down instead of fluffed up. This smoothness feels like there have been oils or waxes added to the hair, but that actually hasn't happened. It just feels that way. (To feel your hair cuticles fluffed up instead of smoothed down, use plain bar soap to wash your hair. It's not pleasant, and is only bearable if you have your hair cut with clippers on the #1 (1\/8\" or 3mm) setting.) Shampoo-conditioner combinations are just the shampoos that happen to leave the hair feeling so soft that you won't feel it necessary to add oils or waxes for a softer feeling. It's possible, as one other poster mentioned, to capsule-ize the conditioner into something that doesn't burst open until the hair is rinsed, but there are a lot of unknown factors that make this approach less useful. The most important of these is that the time the shampoo is in the hair and scalp is an unknown entity. Some people shampoo up their hair first thing in the shower and don't rinse it off until the end of the shower. Others shampoo and rinse at the very end. If you wait too long after lathering, the capsultes are likely to break open long before the rinsing. If you shampoo and rinse very quickly, then the capsules may not have time to break, and will just be rinsed away with the rest of the shampoo. People with exceptionally dry hair will benefit from a shampoo-conditioner combo followed by a conditioning treatment. The \"built-in\" conditioner is actually just a slightly lower pH than other shampoos. Dishwashing detergent not labeled for hand soap purposes is not as acidic, and the surfactants tend to be stronger, and so it makes for a more irritating body wash and shampoo. One exception to that: Liquid Octagon used to promote itself as an everyday\/everything soap: from people to clothes to dishes to pets to floors. It didn't really do a great job on any of them, but it did a passable\/barely-acceptable job on everything."} {"category":"Biology","question":"So many different brands of eggs in the supermarket. Is there really any difference in quality, nutrition, or taste?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n So many different brands of eggs in the supermarket. Is there really any difference in quality, nutrition, or taste?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes - Quality In - Quality Out. The quality, taste, shell color, yolk color, shell thickness, etc. are all affected by the food consumed by the hen that laid them. Typical factory farmed eggs have thin shells, muted yellow yolks, and an average taste. Fresh off the farm eggs have solid thick shells, bright yellow, and rich taste. Not everyone has the option to get farm fresh eggs, but there is a difference. If you ever get a chance, pick up a few and try for yourself. Most eggs are fine from the stores, but there is a difference."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does metal spoon taste weird after touching aluminium foil?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does metal spoon taste weird after touching aluminium foil?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Galvanic reaction. I am very sensitive to this as well. Essentially, electrons are transferring from the aluminum to the steel. Here's an explainer URL_0"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is it easier to set a piece of paper on fire by it's corner than on it's center?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it easier to set a piece of paper on fire by it's corner than on it's center?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Like you're actually 5: Lighting the edge is easier because it's like lighting both sides at the same time."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Eristothenes measured the circumference of the earth by measuring the shadow of two poles, miles apart, at the exact same time. So how did he know the poles were being measured at exactly the same time in an era when people used the sun for timekeeping?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Eristothenes measured the circumference of the earth by measuring the shadow of two poles, miles apart, at the exact same time. So how did he know the poles were being measured at exactly the same time in an era when people used the sun for timekeeping?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"By doing it at local apparent noon. This is, by definition, the time of day when the sun reaches its highest point in the sky. If 2 places are on the exact same line of longitude (i.e., directly north and south of each other), local apparent noon will occur at exactly the same time in both places. You can, of course, measure this with a sundial. It turns out that while close, Alexandria and Syene (modern day Aswan) are not directly north and south of each other, which introduced some error into his calculations. Still, they're close enough that his measurement was remarkably close to the correct value."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If you stop developing or growing at around age 20, why do people still change with age and look radically different?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If you stop developing or growing at around age 20, why do people still change with age and look radically different?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Skin cells lose their quality in terms of smoothness etc, bone structure deteriotes and loss of underlying tissue support. Think of it as a balloon, when you first blow it up everything is smooth and strong, then as the air is let out it looks worse and worse until it ends up being stabbed and thrown in the bin. Environmental factors such as drinking, smoking and diet also factors into why we age and look different l."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do certain things taste bad? And why does taste differ from person to person?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do certain things taste bad? And why does taste differ from person to person?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a result of evolution. Speaking very simply, in the beginning everyone had completely different tastes. Among this fishbowl of different tasters, there was a group of people who thought that poisonous fruit X tasted horrible. These people avoided fruit X and survived. The others who liked fruit X died. Today, we are the result of the fruit X avoiders. Now, the same applied to other foods. Just by random chance (genetics is quite random by nature) some people liked coriander (aka cilantro) and other people didn't. But since coriander didn't kill people, it didn't really matter so the current bunch of survivors we see today can like or dislike it with no real issue."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the P versus NP problem?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the P versus NP problem?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So we have problems that can be solved, for example, 15x=75, and we have methods to solve them, in our example we have algebra that tells us x=5 easily. We call these P time problems. Some other kinds of problems aren't so simple, like solving prime factors. What's the prime factorization of 3640? It's really hard to do that without checking every available combination. We call these harder problems NP time problems. The last thing is that we can sometimes find that an NP problem is actually a P problem, we just didn't know the easy solution. A recent example is that we found a P solution to determining if a given number is prime. The P vs NP problem is this. \"Can all NP time problems be collapsed into P time problems?\" This is difficult because as it turns out, the P vs NP problem is itself an NP problem, which is a weirdly provable statement."} {"category":"Physics","question":"For example a star that we can see may have already exploded 30 million years ago but due to the vast distance between us it is delayed and therefore we can still see it. How far does an explosion have to be for us to see an actual delay?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n For example a star that we can see may have already exploded 30 million years ago but due to the vast distance between us it is delayed and therefore we can still see it. How far does an explosion have to be for us to see an actual delay?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Light travels about 186,000 miles per second. So if the explosion happens 186,000 miles away there would be a one second delay before a viewer could see it. If an explosion occured on the moon it, a viewer on Earth would see it about 1.3 seconds after it occurs because the surface of the moon is about 239,000 miles away. Edit:. Shoulda used km."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do countries like US, Japan and Italy continue to be top economies despite maintaining more debt than their GDP?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do countries like US, Japan and Italy continue to be top economies despite maintaining more debt than their GDP?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Does your house cost more than your annual salary? Then you have more personal debt than personal economy, and that's relatively common. Plus, you might die or retire some day and your personal debt has a \"limited shelf life\", so to speak. These nations last much longer than people, so their debt is even less of an issue. I wouldn't invest in Somali government bonds, as they tend to replace their government rather more frequently."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do Saturn and Jupiter look so similar in size right now, despite Saturn being so much further away?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do Saturn and Jupiter look so similar in size right now, despite Saturn being so much further away?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Can you link one of these pictures where they're about the same size? Because all the pictures I see doing a search shows Saturn considerably smaller than Jupiter, as you'd expect."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do websites that illegally stream movies and TV stay online?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do websites that illegally stream movies and TV stay online?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"From what I understand, some sports streaming sites operate out of countries\/on domains where the local law doesn't care or have the resources to shut them down (.se or .sx) Not that I have any knowledge of any such sites, mind you."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do activity trackers know when I'm asleep? How they deduce REM sleep, deep sleep etc?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do activity trackers know when I'm asleep? How they deduce REM sleep, deep sleep etc?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I believe they just measure your heart rate. It goes down significantly when you go to sleep"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Im watching a show about a man that murdered a woman and they took impressions of tire tracks in sand. Why does the sand stay in place instead of losing shape when liquid is poured over the top?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Im watching a show about a man that murdered a woman and they took impressions of tire tracks in sand. Why does the sand stay in place instead of losing shape when liquid is poured over the top?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Its a high density \"liquid\" slowly poured over to keep the sand from shifting. The pressure of the vehicle along with moisture and other debris has impacted the sand so it takes a good amount of force to ruin the imprint. This is why crime scene preservation is required"} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why is it so hard to think about a song while listening to a different one?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it so hard to think about a song while listening to a different one?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Selective attention. As much as we wish we could pay attention to more than one thing at once, or multi-task, we literally can't, our brains aren't built for it."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How can there be lactose free milk?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can there be lactose free milk?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lactose intolerant people are unable to produce an enzyme called lactase that breaks down lactose. Without the enzyme, the undigested lactose causes digestion problems. Producers can simply add lactase enzyme to the milk before selling it, making sure the lactose is pre-digested before someone drinks it. A common alternative comes in the form of lactase tablets people can take whenever they can't avoid regular dairy products."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do lubricants actually work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do lubricants actually work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Everything you see has little holes on it, like a golf ball. These holes grab each other as the objects touch. This slows down the object's ability to move. This is called friction. Lubricants work by filling in all the little holes so that objects can slide smoothly past each other."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What does it mean when a company files for bankruptcy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does it mean when a company files for bankruptcy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a formal filing that the company will not be able to pay debts as originally agreed in it's current form. There are two general types for companies: 1.) Appeal for a reorganization of existing debts with more favorable terms (such as a longer loan term or lower interest). Creditors may agree with this if they believe the company is still likely to be able to repay the owed debts, but is currently overburdened. 2.) Liquidate (sell off) everything the company owes, use that money to repay any debts owed, and cease to exist. If creditors feel that the company would be insolvent even with some relief, this option is often essentially forced. The downside is that if the debts are greater than the value of the company, some debts will remain unpaid."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why does Google Earth edit-out northern polar ice cap?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does Google Earth edit-out northern polar ice cap?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The North Pole has no land mass. It's just ice, as opposed to the South Pole. Which is it's own continent."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Can someone explain why we use the 'number' infinity? And also how if you continually take 1 away from infinity how it will never reach a numerical number?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can someone explain why we use the 'number' infinity? And also how if you continually take 1 away from infinity how it will never reach a numerical number?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Infinity is a concept, an idea. It is not a number and it follows its own rules which are not always consistent depending on the infinity type in question. You cannot remove a finite number of 1 and get infinity down to a finite number. By definition there are an never ending stream of '1' that make up your infinity. You can subtract all day long and have an infinity to go. We use the concept because it is useful. It makes it easy to calculate trends and limits and is an integral part of so many concepts in maths that cannot be dismissed. (How many points make up a sphere? Infinite)"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do you only get brightly coloured beautiful birds in warmer areas the planet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do you only get brightly coloured beautiful birds in warmer areas the planet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Coloration in animals and birds can serve many purposes - some can be protective coloration (hiding) some can be for sexual selection (blue feet on blue footed boobies). There can be warning coloration (like bumble bees and some venomous snakes). These things are always a trade off - is increasing the warning a better strategy than hiding? Sometimes yes and sometimes no, but if the answer is more often than not, then that pattern tends to stick around In this case, it is probably that YOU notice the colorful tropical birds. There is a good [article here]( URL_0 ) Basically, If you look at birds in the tropics, there are a lot of colorful birds that stand out. But there are really more species in general there, and there are just as many more of the little brown ones"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do colors look different through our phone's camera compared to our eyes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do colors look different through our phone's camera compared to our eyes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You've essentially explained it for yourself. The higher the resolution of the camera, the more 'lifelike' (or what we perceive as such) the photo looks as our eyes are very sensitive and can pick up on details a regular smart phone camera simply could not."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is a financial crash and how does it happen?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a financial crash and how does it happen?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The economy has a lot of factors that go into play here, but basically a recession occures when there isn't enough spending. When unemployment is too high. People don't have money to spend. Therefore companies aren't making as much money, which in turn, gets resolved by more layoffs to recover the losses. More people without jobs means that companies have less potential customers. Which is why Ford was a big landmark company since they retained employees and kept wages consistent back in the early 19xx's."} {"category":"Other","question":"A river running over millions of years eventually create a valley or in extreme cases the Grand Canyon. Why are there not more examples of extreme canyons?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n A river running over millions of years eventually create a valley or in extreme cases the Grand Canyon. Why are there not more examples of extreme canyons?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Making a canyon like the Grand Canyon requires a fast-moving, narrow river running over the right kind of rock. Rivers running over softer soils carve out huge valleys instead. The Mississippi River Valley is dozens of miles wide for most of the river's length."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do the newer call of duty games take up so much space?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do the newer call of duty games take up so much space?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A combination of the use of photogrammetry, HD assets and poor compression and optimization."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why adding @, & , *, #,%,etc makes your password stronger?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why adding @, & , *, #,%,etc makes your password stronger?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It makes for more different possibilities of what each character could be, and it makes it so your password won't be found in a dictionary. So eg: if your password was only numbers (0-9) and lowercase letters (a-z) then each character has 36 possibilities, right? so a 5 character password would have 36\\*36\\*36\\*36\\*36 possibilities. Now say you add uppercase letters and 15 different special characters. Now there are 77 possibilities per character, so 77\\*77\\*77\\*77\\*77 possibilities for what your password could be. Edit: I understand there's more to it and the latest suggestions have changed to using a longer password\/password managers instead, this was just trying to explain the basic premise of OP's question."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why is touching a butterflies wings bad? What is the \"dust\" on their wings that makes them fly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is touching a butterflies wings bad? What is the \"dust\" on their wings that makes them fly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Butterflies have mini scales (that dust you mentioned) on their wings, they are strengthening their fragile wings so they won't tear, by touching them you \"scrape\" those scales off and you make their wings membrane vulnerable to injuries. Worth mentioning that those scales can't regrow"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What\u2019s the difference between an Ira, Roth IRA and IRA roll over?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What\u2019s the difference between an Ira, Roth IRA and IRA roll over?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Super high-level explanation, but there are things like contribution limits, income restrictions, etc. that are also different for each scenario and change each year or so. & nbsp; Traditional IRA = You pay tax when you withdraw funds, typically in retirement & nbsp; Roth IRA = You pay tax now on funds added \/ funds added after they've been taxed & nbsp; Rollover = Typically a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA where you pay taxes on the traditional IRA amount and do not have to pay taxes when the funds are withdrawn"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is the derivative of kinetic energy, momentum? ( reasoning without formulas if possible)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the derivative of kinetic energy, momentum? ( reasoning without formulas if possible)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The derivative of kinetic energy over time is power, i.e. the amount of energy spent or accumulated over a given period of time. The derivative of kinetic energy over speed is momentum, but that does not necessarily make some physical sense."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What does it mean that mp3 is now \"dead\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does it mean that mp3 is now \"dead\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"MP3 isn't dead from a consumer POV. It's actually better than ever. A patent is when you essentially say \"I have invented this method of doing *something* on this date, and anyone who creates something using that method has to get my permission.\" For example, you might patent the technique of printing photos by combining streams of different primary-coloured ink. If the patent office in your country approves that, you have exclusive rights to make any printers using that technique. There were people who claimed patents on parts of the MP3 format and the methods to use MP3 files. Depending on where you lived, if you wanted to make a device or a program that dealt with MP3s, you had to pay those people a fee. Software patents are a messy thing that varies a ton by region so it was a hassle and could be expensive. But patents don't last forever. They usually last 20 years, with some differences and grace periods and so on. Last month, the last of the MP3-related patents expired in the US. This means that now, any programmer who wants to can create their own MP3 playing or recording software without needing to seek permission or pay fees. And any company who wants to make a music player can do the same, can support MP3 files freely. MP3 will still be widely used. MP3 files won't break. There are no security concerns. Systems won't stop supporting it -- MP3 files are incredibly popular (and now implementing support is free and easy) so pretty much all consumer stuff is going to support them for decades. MP3 was 'replaced' long ago, in the sense that better, more efficient formats have been invented, which give you better quality at the same size, or the same quality at a lower size. These are pretty popular (iTunes prefers AAC files for example) already. But a 320k MP3 is already good enough quality to serve 99.99% of people out there, and small enough that on modern systems people can store loads of them no worries. So there hasn't been a huge shift towards other formats -- MP3 is 'good enough.' Unlike video formats, where we keep adopting new ones because video consumes a ton of data and we can still benefit from better and better quality, so every new improvement is appreciated."} {"category":"Other","question":"How prehistorical people dealt with their nails and hairs ? Even tho there were no fashion style back then, i assume it would get difficult to hunt and all with very long nails and hairs","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How prehistorical people dealt with their nails and hairs ? Even tho there were no fashion style back then, i assume it would get difficult to hunt and all with very long nails and hairs","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Nails do get worn down when you use them. Even today not everyone needs to clip their nails as they use their hands enough to wear them down. We do not know very much about hairs though as most hair grooming tools would have rotted away before we could find it. But we do have some prehistoric combs which indicates people were taking care of their hair. And a lot of the stone knifes we find is sharp enough to cut hair. So it is very unlikely that people had long unkempt hair. But we do not know much about the hair styles which were popular for hunter gatherers."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why does the moon look like it is covered in asteroid craters, but Earth doesn\u2019t?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the moon look like it is covered in asteroid craters, but Earth doesn\u2019t?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A few reasons: 1. Plate tectonics. The Earth has plates that move, sink under each other, and re-emerge as lava elsewhere. The Moon has no tectonic activity. 2. Speaking of lava: volcanoes. The Moon doesn't have those, either. 3. Most importantly, erosion. The Earth has water and wind, which erode rock over time. There's no erosion on the Moon. 4. And let's not forget life. Plants and animals modify the landscape."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why sweat is saltier than tears?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why sweat is saltier than tears?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sweat and tears have close to the same salinity. So why does sweat taste so salty? It's because sweat cools you off by evaporation. The water evaporates but the salt stays behind. With more and more sweating, that means more and more salt stays behind. Hence the salty taste"} {"category":"Physics","question":"- why do things in the background appear wobbly when heat rises if it is transparent gas?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - why do things in the background appear wobbly when heat rises if it is transparent gas?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hot air rises because it have lower density then cold air. Different densities of air have different optical properties. So you end up with light refracting and bending as it moves between the different layers of air. Since the boundaries between the layers are wobbly and constantly moving light will change direction all the time giving you a wobbly picture."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What contributes to a room or space becoming \"stuffy\" and how can our bodies tell?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What contributes to a room or space becoming \"stuffy\" and how can our bodies tell?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Primarily it is a lack of air movement. Your bodies tell by the pocket of warm air around your body warmed by your body heat stops being disrupted thus hindering your body cooling properly. You tell by the odors around you (and from you) not moving about and becoming stale. And there are many other smaller cues."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What would actually happen if someone dropped a nuke\/large bomb into a hurricane?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What would actually happen if someone dropped a nuke\/large bomb into a hurricane?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"[You\u2019d turn the regular hurricane into a radioactive hurricane]( URL_0 ). Nukes are puny compared to the size and total energy of a hurricane."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What caused Pangea to separate and why did the landmasses separate in those directions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What caused Pangea to separate and why did the landmasses separate in those directions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The answer to both questions is Plate Tectonics. Earth's surface is made up of a series of giant 'plates' of material that slowly movee around the planet. They do this because right below the continents is a layer of rock that is very hot (due to the pressure caused by the continental plates), and not rigid like surface rocks, allowing for very slow movement of the plates resting on top. Over time, these plates drift around the world, periodically merging and breaking apart. Pangaea was only one of many such supercontinents. There were others before that looked very different. URL_0 These are the plates that make up our world. the shape of the continents and how they used to look and how they split apart is just a natural result of all of them constantly, slowly moving against each other."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What's the diference between a car alternator, and a car generator?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the diference between a car alternator, and a car generator?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Older cars used generators. They developed DC to charge the battery direct. Unfortunately they were very inefficient at idle speeds. An alternator generates AC, then has a rectifier in it to convert to DC, these work more effectively at idle speeds, hence the now common use for them."} {"category":"Other","question":"how did we document time before Christ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how did we document time before Christ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The same way we do now. The invention of AD and BC was popularized by scholars to make the birth of Christ an important part of history however how we actually track time (24 hours in a day, 30(ish) days in a month, 12 months and a year) did not change. Different cultures used different starting points as their \"beginning\" but they just counted up years. This happens every so often in different cultures. Something they deem super important happens and they make it the new start of the calendar. Like in North Korea they start the calendar in 1912 because that is when Kim Il-sung was born. It is currently year 106 in North Korea."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do we know which part of our brain does what?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we know which part of our brain does what?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Injuries, basically people with injuries to certain parts of the brain either can't do or have great difficulty with specific things, hence that part of the brain is involved in that activity."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is the United States tax system so complicated and inconvenient?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the United States tax system so complicated and inconvenient?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One person\u2019s inconvenience is another\u2019s free pass. The tax code is written by special interests to benefit their *special interests*. The result is a mess that caters to the powerful and leaves the rest of us to fend for ourselves the best we can."} {"category":"Economics","question":"If MLM's are widely seen as modern day pyramid schemes. Why are they not considered to be illegal?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If MLM's are widely seen as modern day pyramid schemes. Why are they not considered to be illegal?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They exploit a loophole in the laws because they can function as a normal business. You can just make money by selling herbal supplements, or whatever the MLM's product is. So in theory, you could just be good at selling their product and not need to engage in the pyramid scheme elements of the MLM. But in practice, most people get caught up in that side of things."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why aren't all plastics recyclable?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why aren't all plastics recyclable?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So there's a weird thing about chemistry... Any stable compound needs to have energy added to it before it can change to any other stable compound. That's why you have to light explosives or smack them really hard or whatever. So every combination of atoms that form molecules is stable if, and only if, all of the electrons can find basically a tiny lowland valley in their energy chart. So raw petroleum, and coal, All started as plant material, The oil of various algae and plants. They all got buried at once, where at once means over the course of the same million or 100 million years etc, and then the heat and pressure of the Earth basically jammed more and more individual oil molecules into longer and longer chains. So in a refinery what's really happening is that, slowly, crude oil is being pumped into the refinery tower and the application of heat and pressure allows useful molecules to be sorted into different layers and pumped away. The most volatile chemicals are things like acetone, which is very light and rise to the top, and beneath that is gasoline and beneath that is kerosene and so forth. Down at the very bottom just above the ash is where we find things like molten plastics and petroleum jelly. This entire refinery process is called cracking, and it sorts the useful parts from the toxic parts from the dangerous parts from the ashy useless parts. So when virgin plastic pellets of the various grades are made, basically that liquid stack has the particular chemicals they're interested in siphoned off and allowed to cool. In the case of plastics it's usually looks like a whole bunch of little tiny white pellets. And different pellets have different grades, and different grades of pellets will only bond with pellets of similar grades. I mean they'll bond with anything but they'll only bond well and uniformly with similar molecules. The entire field of chemical science is figuring out what bonds with what. The thing we're actually missing is that we have no way to recreate the original petroleum that we got out of the ground. We basically need to take the ash, the chunks of plastic, the Vaseline, the gasoline, the acetone, and just everything else and put it in chamber and supply it with a whole bunch of heat and a whole bunch of pressure for a whole bunch of time in order to recreate the crude oil. And people have tried to do this. There's one process that uses microwaves and wave guides and hydraulic presses and some other stuff to recreate crude oil more or less, but it's not as good as the real thing because we can't take the time and energy necessary to put it back into original equipment position. We also can't do it in bulk (as of yet). So when we're recycling plastic, most of the time we're just taking shreds of plastic, heating it up and jamming it together. A plastic bottle doesn't become a new plastic bottle, on average plastic bottle becomes a bench. The other thing is we have an unpleasant tendency to do things like color our plastics and add things like BPA to keep it flexible instead of letting it get brittle and stuff like that. We're basically polluting the plastic when we make it. So we have no way to get the plastic pollution out, and we have no way to gather up everything we need to make new petroleum out of the old stuff because we do things like burn kerosene and gasoline and throw acetone away and stuff like that. So you're basically trying to unbake a cake when you recycle. Advanced polymer chemistry is sort of like solving millions of individual jigsaw puzzles, and we've got certain ways to work them in one direction, but we don't really have any ways to work them reliably in the other direction. So we've got a very limited number of processes we can use to \"reuse plastic\", but we got something half as good and nowhere near as flexible as the stuff we started with. Unbake a cake, un-boil an egg, turn an adult into a child again Somebody else talked about injection molded versus pressure molded. But that's just the details. The stuff that turns the empty butter tub yellow and leaves it soft instead of brittle is far worse for future recycling the van the means of molding. The means of molding are important, I'm not saying they're not, part of the reason they're important is because of the chemicals we add to it and the different temperatures we use in the various processes. The thing is we used to have the perfect material for doing our soda bottles. We called it glass. Glass can be used again and again, particularly clear glass. And we used to use paper for bags until the plastic industry decided to convince us that we were killing trees and we should really use plastic, and now we've got a garbage patch in the ocean. We simply cannot make the furnace presses necessary to properly recycle any plastic at scale. So even if you think you recycling, a lot of it's just getting thrown away later, and most of the stuff that is getting recycled isn't being turned back into what it was that you just used. A bottle never becomes a bottle, a bottle becomes a parking stop in a parking lot. And then that can't be recycled at all. The sad and simple truth is that most chemical processes are very difficult to reverse, particularly if you've extracted energy in the process of performing them because it's hard to put exactly the energy you took out back in. The entire idea that recycling is the solution to plastic waste is basically blame shifting. If you perfectly recycled everything in your life most of it would still get redirected to the landfill after made you feel good to put it in a little blue bin. I'm not saying it's not worth doing, but it is not the solution, it's the guilt trip run by the industry. If we went to glass bottles and reserved the petroleum products for the rarefied processes and truly important products like medical plastics we could solve a lot of problems. We'd recycle the glass, and yeah we'd burn the medical waste or whatever, but then plastic would be a boutique industry instead of a gold rush. Edit: I corrected some of the mess made by my voice to text app. I'm sure there's much more mess in there. But I got a screwed up right hand right now so I can really do more than dictate into my phone."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do stem cells replicate? What are they made of?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do stem cells replicate? What are they made of?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A STEM cell is just a cell that isn't differentiated. What does this mean? Well, all of the cells in your body have the same set of DNA in them, but a neuron is obviously very different from a muscle cell. That's because although they have the same set of DNA, the neuron \"reads\" a different subset of DNA than a muscle cell. In animal cells, once a cell \"decides\" what kind of cell it's going to be, it's set pretty irreversibly down that path. Stem cells are just cells that are undifferentiated-- they haven't \"decided\" what type of cell they want to be, so they can be any kind of cell. Most stem cells in your body exist to replace certain kinds of cells that die, like skin, blood, or gut cells. Stem cells also repair wounds, or replace disease-fighting cells in your immune system. How do cells know how to turn into a different type of cell? Signals from other cells trigger \"switches\" that start the cell down some developmental path."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is it that when hot water is poured in a glass with powder, it dissolves quickly but when cold water is poured, it formes clumps and doesn't dissolve easily?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that when hot water is poured in a glass with powder, it dissolves quickly but when cold water is poured, it formes clumps and doesn't dissolve easily?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The ability for a liquid solvent (such as water) to dissolve a solid solute (such as powder) depends, in part, on the temperature of the solvent. One simple way of thinking about it is: Heat = Energy; Energy = Motion of Atoms. The faster the atoms are moving (more energy\/heat) the more space there is between them and this is the space that would accommodate the solid particles of the powder. More space = more powder dissolved. Less heat = less energy = less speed = less space = less powder dissolved."} {"category":"Technology","question":"- Why does different software drain my mobile phone battery vastly differently, even if doing the same thing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why does different software drain my mobile phone battery vastly differently, even if doing the same thing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Different video codecs and qualities require more CPU power to process. In addition, Disney is going to be sending a stream that is protected by HDCP (basically encryption that goes all the way through to the monitor, preventing software from just copying it). This requires extra CPU power beyond just the quality\/codec changes."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does salt make everything taste more like itself?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does salt make everything taste more like itself?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Salt is used as a universal flavor improver because at low concentrations it will reduce bitterness, but increase sweet, sour and umami, which is desirable for sweet recipes. But at higher concentrations it suppresses sweetness and enhances umami, which is good for savoury things. It\u2019s also easily obtained in a pure form without any interfering flavors. URL_0 )"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do several of my devices have the same Ip address?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do several of my devices have the same Ip address?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your home internet connection only has 1 public IP address, so every device connected to it will have the same public IP. So your router can tell the difference, each device connected will be assigned a different private IP address, but that address is only used within your home network."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why do humans get such an immense sense of security and safety if we go under the covers when we get scared in bed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do humans get such an immense sense of security and safety if we go under the covers when we get scared in bed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I\u2019m not a scientist or anything, but I\u2019d hazard a guess that it\u2019s a learned behaviour and reaction from being a child and being tucked in\/ looked after by someone."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it when you watch a tv show or a movie at home, when characters are talking it is really quiet, but music and sound effects are really loud?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it when you watch a tv show or a movie at home, when characters are talking it is really quiet, but music and sound effects are really loud?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"movies are mixed in surround sound (5.1 or higher) dialogue is usually in the center\/ sfx and others in rear channels and left right tvs that only have one or two speakers can't properly play 5.1 so it down mixes it to 2 channel audio and what you get is low dialogue drowned out by music etc & #x200B; you're trying to output 5 channel audio into something that only has 2 channels, so what you get won't be ideal and this is the result"} {"category":"Technology","question":"when swiping (or inserting) a card, how does the card transfer its information to the machine?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n when swiping (or inserting) a card, how does the card transfer its information to the machine?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your information is stored either in a magnetic strip (similar to a hard disk drive) or in a chip that the card reader has an interface too (like the metal bits In a charger) When connected the reader reads the information and confirms with a site whether the pin is correct and whether you have enough money to purchase the goods. If so it sends a code authorising the payment to the reader allowing you to go about the day and deducts it from your account"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do some viruses live longer on inanimate surfaces than others?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some viruses live longer on inanimate surfaces than others?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Viruses are basically just a strand of RNA, covered by a capsule of proteins that has the ability to force that RNA into specific kinds of living cells. Where they are able to survive and for how long, depends on how the virus's exterior is build up and what environmental condition it's exposed to. Like, are there chemicals involved that damage the virus's hull or it's RNA? Or radiation (UV, perhaps?) that does so instead? It's a little bit like letting a car just stand in a forest for 30 years. How quickly it rusts and how long it 'survives' is dependent on how it is built and what environmental conditions the car is exposed to in said forest."} {"category":"Other","question":"When things like video games, Pro sports worship, and TV are accused of zombifying people and helping the elite keep the masses complacent, why is music never included in this criticism?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When things like video games, Pro sports worship, and TV are accused of zombifying people and helping the elite keep the masses complacent, why is music never included in this criticism?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Probably because it has been around a lot longer and is seen as different. Listening to music can also be a very passive activity and can be done while doing other things and doesn't require engagement unless you are watching it performed live."} {"category":"Biology","question":"; What's that throbbing on the side of our heads when we chew?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n ; What's that throbbing on the side of our heads when we chew?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That is your jaw muscles. URL_0 If the throbbing is painful you should see a doctor."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are some smokers able to live to a very old age?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are some smokers able to live to a very old age?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because smoking isn't the garunteed cancer death that people seem to believe it is. Smoking will not give you cancer; smoking will *dramatically* increase the odds of you getting cancer. That may not seem like a very large distinction, but I assure you it is."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What is a wave in science?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a wave in science?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In science a wave is an oscilating disturbance through a medium. There ya go.. but really wtf does that mean. A medium is a collection of individual things. These things could be anything your heart desires. Air, water(made of individual molocules). A slinky, or string are made up molocules to.. For this lets use a chain. But each individual thing in a medium is in some way affect by its neighbor. Lets use a chain for example. The chain as a whole is the medium Each link in the chain is tied to the other. Imagine a chain laying on the floor if you pick up one single link in the chain and hold it your going to pull a few others up too. You have disturbed one link directly. But because each pulls its neighbor up you actually caused a disturbance in many. Put the chain back on the ground and bam all links are again undisturbed. But what if you lift the chain up and down really fast. Like whip it. Well you caused the same kind of disturbance as picking it up, but with higher energy. You put the energy into the first link. And then thant energy when to The next link. And every link passes a bit of that energy to the next, and that causes each link to \"jump\". This is a Pulse. But each link only moves up and down. Its because no link can move without its neighbor, the \"jump\" moves through the chain. The disturbance moves through the medium. Now you do this, whip the chain up and down twice. You see 2 of these pulses go down the chain. That is a wave the start of a wave. If you do it again and again and again you are \"oscilating\" the first link. This continues to cause the chain to jump over and over as long as you keep whipping it. You are continuing to put energy into the chain and that energy transfer causes a disturbance of each link and its neighbor and its neighbor and so on. Now there you have it a wave."} {"category":"Other","question":"what is the GamerGate controversy and why did it happen ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is the GamerGate controversy and why did it happen ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It started as an ethics in journalism controversy in 2014\\* when game developer Zoe Quinn was accused of sleeping with game journalists to get positive reviews on her game (important to note these accusations arose after her ex made a \"revenge post\" and there was no evidence). Then it was picked up by 4-chan and turned into a bullying campaign against women in video games, effectively accusing them all of being sluts and only working in video games for attention, and also attacking any men who defended them as cucks (this was actually its rise to prominence as an insult). The whole thing spiralled out of control, especially on twitter, and became co-opted by 4-chan far-right hate groups (and actual neo-nazis) who tried to turn it into an actual GamerGate movement (they made an anime girl-gamer mascot and everything). They realised that it was a way to tap into angry young white males and push them into reactionaries against \"social justice\". Steve Bannon, co-founder and at the time executive chair of Breitbart who was attempting to create a space for the self described \"alt-right\", picked up on GamerGate and it's believed he began to fund efforts to create a Trump-loving political movement targetted at the same \"gamers\" (which may have become The\\_Donald). The guy went on to be the chief executive of the Trump campaign and vice president of Cambridge Analytica in 2016. So although the spark was a debate about ethics in gaming journalism, the actual force behind it was 4-chan and the emerging alt-right movement, they are the ones who called it GamerGate and made it into a massive controversy. EDIT: Wow they are already here. EDIT 2: \\*"} {"category":"Technology","question":". If a computer is made up of preprogrammed circuits, then how does it display anything on its screen, even if that particular thing hasn\u2019t been preprogrammed in its circuits?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n . If a computer is made up of preprogrammed circuits, then how does it display anything on its screen, even if that particular thing hasn\u2019t been preprogrammed in its circuits?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The ELI5 answer is that the circuits are not designed to display an image. & #x200B; Instead there is a set of circuits designed to turn on or off a Red pixel, a green pixel or a blue pixel at a very specific location on the screen. (RGB) Different circuits in the computer are designed to tell that circuit which pixels need to be turned on."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If a soda has gone flat, why does it fizz like it isn't when you pour it out?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If a soda has gone flat, why does it fizz like it isn't when you pour it out?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So soda fizzes because of dissolved Carbon dioxide(CO2). We call a soda flat when there is less CO2 dissolved than we would like, but there is still considerable CO2 in solution - pouring agitates the gas out of solution and we get fizz as the (now gaseous) CO2 rises through the soda; the same reason you\u2019ll get a little \u201cpuff\u201d if you shake a closed bottle of flat soda, then open it, instead of the explosion you\u2019d see with a \u201cfresh\u201d soda."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is it that clear plastic sheets begin to display a colour if you fold them onto themselves enough times?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that clear plastic sheets begin to display a colour if you fold them onto themselves enough times?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So you know how color can be made up of different primary colors combined together? Red green and blue for color of light. With an even amount of red, green and blue light, you get white light. Say you have a thick enough blue plastic that blocks 100% of red and green while letting blue light through. You will perceive this plastic as blue, true blue. Cut this plastic in half. Now it can only block 50% of red and green, but still can allow 100% of blue light through. With the addition of red and green, the blue color looks washed out and more faint. Cut it in half again, 75% of red and green light gets through. As you can see, with this much thinner plastic, you are approaching having all 3 primary colors be the same intensity. 75% is very close to 100%. As you thin out the plastic more and more and more, the intensity of red and green light is let through more and more. With something like plastic wrap, it is so thin that the original color is completely unnoticeable because it is unable to block most of the light it should. If you fold the plastic wrap, you are increasing the amount of light it can block by doing the opposite of what is described above."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is so special about primes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is so special about primes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Effectively they are special because they are the building block of multiplication (and therefore all multiplicative properties of numbers). You can think of 1 and 0 as the building blocks of addition, i.e., every additive transformation is the result of adding 1 (or many 1's) or 0. In this way, the prime numbers are similar for multiplication. Every multiplicative transformation is the result of multiplying by a prime number (or the number 1, or the number 0). So, any time multiplication begins to be mathematically useful, the prime numbers become important. And since multiplication is super useful...the primes are very, very important. Another reasons prime numbers have become so well known popularly, is even though they are simple to understand - we may even learn about them in middle school - they are notoriously difficult form a theoretical perspective, and there are lots of unproved theorems out there having to do with prime numbers. So in this way they are considered by laypeople to be a bit mysterious."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do snowflakes crystalize into a single plane rather than growing in 3 dimensions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do snowflakes crystalize into a single plane rather than growing in 3 dimensions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This process is called \"terracing\" and is useful for explaining how crystals grow. ELI5: Lets say you have a bunch of rigid boxes with sides 2m long. They are currently sitting around outside and your boss wants you to pack them into a room. Initially, it will be easier for you to just put them each on the ground next to each other (instead of getting out the forklift and lifting each one on top of another). Eventually, when the room fills up, you will be forced to walk on top of the first layer and put the boxes down on top. In this way, you grow 1 layer at a time, but the horizontal direction is always preferred over the vertical one. If you have a big room (like lets say the entire sky), you will always prefer to put the boxes on the ground level and you end up with a big flat shape made up of many boxes. Edit: A word or 2"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the Euler-Mascheroni constant?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the Euler-Mascheroni constant?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Here are two nifty facts about numbers: * As n goes to infinity, the sum 1\/1 + 1\/2 + 1\/3 + ... + 1\/n goes to infinity as well, but slowly. For example, at n = 100 this sum is still only about 5.1774, but it will eventually get larger and larger without bound. * As n goes to infinity, the natural logarithm of n goes to infinity as well, but slowly. Because the natural logarithm of n (or ln(n) for short) is defined to be the real number m such that e^m = n, n has to (literally) grow exponentially just to make the natural logarithm grow by some linear amount, but the natural logarithm does grow without bound. In fact, these two slow \"goings to infinity\" happen at the same rate. By this we mean that the difference between them, 1\/1 + 1\/2 + 1\/3 + ... + 1\/n - ln(n), approaches a fixed constant value as n goes to infinity. This fixed constant value is the Euler-Mascheroni constant, and it happens to be approximately 0.5722. It has a tendency to show up somewhat frequently when the natural logarithm is lurking in the background, so it was given a name for convenience. Interestingly, some basic facts about it (like whether it's an irrational number) are still unknown."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"When we try to think of the next word to say why do say \"umm\/uhh\" or stutter rather than just silently pause?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When we try to think of the next word to say why do say \"umm\/uhh\" or stutter rather than just silently pause?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Psychologically, humans don't like silence in conversation. It feels awkward, especially if we've just been asked something and we feel we need to respond. Additionally, conversation is a two-way street, and it's sometimes hard to determine when someone intends to \"give up\" the floor, so to speak, so that another person can speak. Linguistic filler helps to keep our place, letting the other people know we intend to keep speaking."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does dirt and dust cling to a perfectly flat, smooth, clean piece of glass?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does dirt and dust cling to a perfectly flat, smooth, clean piece of glass?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I think it has to do with the positive and negative forces of the actual particles that make up the dirt and glass being attracted to one another. Like sand on a very weak magnet."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why can my white gold wedding band be used as a stylus?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can my white gold wedding band be used as a stylus?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"White gold is conductive, which is the main method touch screens use to detect that something touches them. You can use any conductive metal as a stylus, since the screen doesn't care what exactly is being used nor does it know the difference. All the screen knows is \"There was some drop in voltage in this location. Register it as a touch!\"."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do singers, actors and athletes make more money and are worshipped more than those who actually contribute to society such as scientists, engineers, doctors and researchers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do singers, actors and athletes make more money and are worshipped more than those who actually contribute to society such as scientists, engineers, doctors and researchers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's just a matter of what people value and what they spend money on. Our economy is a capitalist one so basically if it brings in money the person or people get paid big to do it. Teachers dont get paid a ton because people see education as an entitlement. One outlier to your argument is doctor. They do good and get paid very well, the flip side, however, is inner city doctors where they're needed the most and are under the most stress, get paid less than suburban doctors and they get paid less than rural doctors. That's just a matter of supply and demand."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do people laugh during mental breakdowns?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people laugh during mental breakdowns?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"From personal experience, I laughed because I felt so ridiculous. But from what I pulled off wiki - Paradoxical laughter is an exaggerated expression of humour which is unwarranted by external events. It may be uncontrollable laughter which may be recognised as inappropriate by the person involved. It is associated with altered mental states or mental illness, such as mania, hypomania or schizophrenia, and can have other causes.[1][2] Paradoxical laughter is indicative of an unstable mood, often caused by the pseudobulbar affect, which can quickly change to anger and back again, on minor external cues. This type of laughter can also occur at times when the fight-or-flight response may otherwise be evoked. The more you know."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Where did salary come from (as opposed to be being paid hourly + overtime) and why is it the norm for full time employees?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where did salary come from (as opposed to be being paid hourly + overtime) and why is it the norm for full time employees?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Salary comes from Roman times. Soldiers were paid in Salt (salt in latin is \"Sal\") at the end of each day. They could use the salt to trade to other goods like food and drinks. It's the norm because it's a easy way to organize things. All the people get their money at the same day (approx) each month, making it easier to the employer and the employees to keep track of it. There are some countries that pay to the workers at the start of the week. UK still has that costume. It depends on the culture and the nature of the job."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do videos or images in 4K still look more crisp than 1080p, on a 1080p display ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do videos or images in 4K still look more crisp than 1080p, on a 1080p display ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"4k content is generally encoded at very high bitrates, and the media it's stored on support higher bitrates in their specifications. Downsampling a very high quality image can achieve better quality than just displaying an initially lower quality\/resolution image at it's native resolution."} {"category":"Economics","question":"why is it that the 2$ bill is so rare, and why don\u2019t more people use it more?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is it that the 2$ bill is so rare, and why don\u2019t more people use it more?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There\u2019s actually a gentleman\u2019s club where I used to live that gives you change in $2 bills. So if you break $100, it ALL comes back to you in $2 bills. It makes sense, the girls make twice as much as surrounding clubs. Makes buying a sandwich for lunch at a restaurant the next day a little awkward because everyone knows where you got that $2 bill."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does fire produce\/give off light?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does fire produce\/give off light?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It gives of light for the same reason any object does. It isn't special. Light is emitted when an electron gets bumped. In a light bulb flowing electricity (which is electrons) bump and hostile the electrons of the material that compared the light filament +or gas) Fire is created when a chemical reaction involving oxygen combustion occurs. When these reactions happen the molecules are violently ripped apart by the oxygen, and snap apart as other oxygen comes barreling in to laugh onto the atoms that used to make up the molecules. This violent set of collisions bounce around the electrons in those atoms, and nearby ones. This released light photons."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why are clothes with reflector stripes really bright in the dark when in contact with weak light sources, while they just appear grey in daylight?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are clothes with reflector stripes really bright in the dark when in contact with weak light sources, while they just appear grey in daylight?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The reflector stripes contain many small [Retroreflectors]( URL_0 ), which reflect light back in the direction of the light source. At night it reflects the light from the car headlight back to the car it came from, and looks bright to the person driving the car."} {"category":"Technology","question":"the thought process behind adding \"last seen\" to apps. Isn't it only really useful for crazy partners?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n the thought process behind adding \"last seen\" to apps. Isn't it only really useful for crazy partners?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"True, but also to see if the user is still active on the app or not. and if they are active, when was it last time they were.. It is useful for a lot of scenarios, crazy partners will find their way eitherways"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How did the European Colonials bring so much disease to Natives when they were quarantined on ships for months at a time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did the European Colonials bring so much disease to Natives when they were quarantined on ships for months at a time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because those diseases were significantly more fatal to the natives who had never been exposed to them before. For Europeans, small pox was a common disease, chances are many many of your ancestors had it, and over generations Europeans built up a resiliency to small pox. Then, they expose someone who\u2019s ancestors didn\u2019t experience it and therefore didn\u2019t have the same resiliency, and the disease was significantly more deadly."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why are people willing to pay for every other alt-coins? What's their point?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are people willing to pay for every other alt-coins? What's their point?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Bitcoin is imperfect. It has numerous flaws that mean that, in a hypothetical 2038 where cryptocurrency is widespread, the dominant cryptocurrency might be something else. For that reason, people have invested in other competing currencies that have more features in the hopes that they someday surpass Bitcoin. Of course, everyone and their mother can fairly easily create a new type of coin and claim it has \"cool and exciting new features\" that make it superior to every other one, so you see a large number of 'shitcoins' springing up as well, backed exclusively by morons."} {"category":"Other","question":"When a body is found and they identify it with dental records - where do they get these records from? Is there a dental database? Or is this just to confirm the identity of a known person?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When a body is found and they identify it with dental records - where do they get these records from? Is there a dental database? Or is this just to confirm the identity of a known person?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's to confirm the body is actually who they think it is by asking the dentist of the missing person (who usually has some xrays and maybe treatments in his archive so you can check if they match the teeth of the corpse) It won't help If they don't have a clue, or the person isn't even missed by anyone in the vicinity"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How does snow get onto the parts of mountains that are above the clouds?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does snow get onto the parts of mountains that are above the clouds?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some snow clouds form higher than mountains, even Everest. Strong winds can also blow snow to higher altitudes. Edit: [This]( URL_0 ) video clearly shows clouds at higher altitudes than Everest."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What happens if you turn your PC off during an update when it says to not turn off your PC?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens if you turn your PC off during an update when it says to not turn off your PC?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When a computer is applying an update, it is rewriting some critical system files that contain instructions for it's basic operations. Imagine if you are writing something and someone bumps your hand or steals your paper. It would mess up what you are writing. Forcing a shut down of a computer can have the same effect. When you do this to a computer, it can't read its instructions anymore and will be unable to function normally."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Just watched the SpaceX launch; how do they measure speed of a vehicle in space?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Just watched the SpaceX launch; how do they measure speed of a vehicle in space?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"With something as important as spacecraft they will use several methods. First the craft will have a beacon on it that transmits \"hey, I am here\" which you can use to determine where they are. If you use receivers at known locations and look at the precise angle they are getting the beacon signal from you can triangulate its location. The specific location of satellites are also determined by using radar, in the same way you would detect the location of aircraft. Radio waves travel just fine in space and it is one of the most accurate and commonly used methods of finding a satellite's position other than just trusting where it thinks it is."} {"category":"Physics","question":"0% matter and does it exist?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n 0% matter and does it exist?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In an absolute vacuum (which is a purely hypothetical thing for various reasons), particle\/anti-particle pairs are spontaneously created and then annihilate one another due to complicated quantum voodoo. So even if a bit of space is completely empty, things keep appearing and disappearing in it. Regarding temperature, it wouldn't have one. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of the particles in a substance. If there are no particles, there can be no measurement of their energy. If you poked your finger in, it would not feel especially cold as there is nothing to conduct heat away, though the low (zero) pressure would force water to evaporate from your skin, creating a cooling effect."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What things can't gravity theory really explain?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What things can't gravity theory really explain?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So first of all we need to clarify there isn't a single theory of gravity, but there are two major ones that superseded each other. First we have (probably most recognisable) Newton's theory of gravity, which fails to predict the slightly wonky orbit of Mercury. Second we have Einstein's theory of gravity or general relativity which in turn which fails to predict what happens in black holes and what happens on very small scales i.e. on the quantum level This doesn't mean those theories are useless or false, they just have limitations. Newton's theory of gravity works a charm if you want to predict the behaviour of a falling hammer on the moon, but it ceases to give good predictions if you come to close to a star or get really fast. Einstein's Theory does work at the small scale to, as the terms that gain importance with large numbers involved are negligible if your talking about a normal hammer. To be precise if you do something called a Taylor expansion (a mathematical tool to make approximations where you can easily find a term for the error your introducing while approximating) on Einstein's formulas you get as first and most important term just Newton's formula for gravity."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why is it so hard to do anything when you\u2019re depressed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it so hard to do anything when you\u2019re depressed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Think of motivation as a bone. When you're depressed, that bone is broken. It can heal but it needs to get treated properly, otherwise it will heal badly and you'll just learn to live with it, emotionally limping everywhere you go."} {"category":"Other","question":"How does a background investigation to get a job work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a background investigation to get a job work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Oohh! I did this for a living! I did background checks on chemists, armored car drivers, etc. You fill out your application including work history or include your resume. Your prospective employer then sends it to me. They can get everything including credit check, criminal background, past employment history (most common), and education (also most common). I then call your previous employers and ask them about you. Some tell me you were great, some call you an asshole, some require your signature to speak about you (which you signed on your application), others transfer you to HR where they have 2-3 generic responses: terminated, not eligible\/eligible for rehire, gave notice, etc. Typically not eligible\/eligible for rehire is legal HR code for if you were a good employee. Sometimes I had to verify responsibilities, hours, and pay. If you're not confident that your boss was tell people you were an assistant manager, don't put it on your resume. It makes you look terrible when your previous boss says, \"no. He was just a janitor.\" If the company closed you're still not safe. I'll call the business next door and ask if they remember you, know anyone who used to work next door, etc. the Chmaber of Commerce will remember all small business owners in a little town and give me their contact info. I will look up who owned the McDonalds franchise that closed, cross check the property address, use the white pages to find the previous owner, and call them at home and ask about you. I do the same for your education. I can call your HS or check a school's registrar database for your degree. If you put HS diploma and you got a GED I had to mark \"No high school diploma.\" This one always killed me because one particular application just had a check box for \"graduated from HS?\" If it's a diploma mill or you never graduated I make a note of that. For scientists\/chemists (pharma company) I would have to call references. I would speak to a grad student's professors. They were the meanest most brutal people. \"Student doesn't really stand out. Average.\" \"No personality, wouldn't let them work for me.\" Just brutal personal attacks. All other references were obviously the persons friends and they gave the answers you'd expect. Background checks are automatic along with credit history. If you turn out to be a child molester we research that to confirm it's you because the system is fairly flawed. Some companies\/people would put through \"rush\" requests which was basically just a note to gather all the info you can and send it within 24 hours. Most times we would have 3-5 days. It was an interesting job and I have a compulsive need to pursue things to the very end so it was good for that. However I don't like \"gotcha moments.\" They don't bring me the joy they bring others. Ironically the company realized I had IT experience so they switched me over to IT work but wouldn't promote me officially (read: pay me appropriately) because I didn't have a degree. Edit: This was years ago that I did this job. Social media was a thing but we didn't really check it and submit anything from it. I do know of several hospital systems that do and will check for anyone getting privileges. Keep your stuff private. It's just good common sense. Edit 2: I didn't hire anyone. I just collected the data. I don't know what the end user did with the data or what specific criteria they cared most about. Edit 3: I'm going to bed. I'm sorry if I didn't answer your question. I tried but my email doesn't show all reply's on mobile. I'm done."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why do we feel heavy after getting out of the water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do we feel heavy after getting out of the water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because you weigh less in the water, you get used to the feeling so its probably the switch back to normal. Also whatever you wear to swim gets soaked with water and is therefore heavier."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do countries simulate full-scale wars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do countries simulate full-scale wars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is a very vague question, but we'll try to take a crack at it. For large-scale, military-only exercises, the participating units are put on a war footing and made to perform tasks they normally would during a conflict against either imaginary\/simulated enemy targets or friendly troops playing the role of enemy combatants. Indirect fire has real ammo, so they fire on imaginary targets, friendlies playing hostiles necessitate blank rounds to be used. The troops are positioned as they would during a conflict (forward camps, usually) and supplied similarly, with MREs and limited resources. For those exercises that want to also simulate civilian operators acting in concert with military forces, those civilian units or organizations (for example, fire crews, police forces and political chains of command) are also put on the same alert as they would under a full-scale conflict and perform simulated tasks and operations similar to those they would in wartime. For fire crews, this may include buildings set on fire in a manner to simulate bomb strikes, police may train to counter enemy special operations forces, and political command chains may face similar dilemmas as those in wartime. Medical organizations may be put on high alert and perform simulated complicated or mass casualty operations. Normally, all organizations in a country won't hold war exercises (or war games) at the same time, but the results of these can be combined and\/or extrapolated to provide a relatively accurate overview of the capabilities against certain levels of enemy action both in the field and on the home front."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What do hallucations really look like? Do the lights and shadows actually bounce over them? Or it's like someone in Blender program forgot to check a box?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What do hallucations really look like? Do the lights and shadows actually bounce over them? Or it's like someone in Blender program forgot to check a box?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You've probably seen something similar yourself if you've ever seen an object on the edge of your vision that you briefly thought was something it wasn't. Hallucinations don't appear fully formed and detailed like they often do in movies. Your condition is usually more like you just woke up from a night's drinking, bleary eyed. Many hallucinations are formed from the eye wavering slightly giving the impression something is moving when it isn't. The brain, while impaired by exotic chemicals, has trouble processing the eye movement and so your couch can look like it's shifting. Or one eye can focus incidentally on one object while the other focuses somewhere else closer or nearby and you get a mash of 2 objects that you interpret via pareidolia as a face, an animal or even a picture. A more interesting form of hallucination is seen when looking at a near-uniform surface like carpet, wall or blank, white monitor screen and you can start to see watermark-like scenes of a streetscape or people in a room playing out as if you're watching TV. Similar to what you see when dreaming. But hallucinations of Bob the Reptilian sitting in the armchair opposite talking to you are the stuff of fantasy. People often exaggerate what they saw to make an awesome story."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how do we keep people alive during heart transplants?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do we keep people alive during heart transplants?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"During an operation the circulatory system will be put onto a bypass machine which circulates and oxygenates the blood. Your heart has its own internal electrical conduction including little natural pacemakers called nodes. If you restart this current the heart and give oxygen to the cardiac tissue the heart will beat again at a constant beat."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does water vapor work? - as it relates to vaping","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does water vapor work? - as it relates to vaping","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Water vapor is a gas and is one of many gasses that are part of the normal air around you. That's what humidity is--a measure of how much water vapor is currently a part of the mix of air around you compaired to how much the air can currently hold. If the air is dry, your vapor cloud absorbs itself right into the air. If it's reached saturation, that is the air is full and can't hold any more water vapor, then you get a cloud if tiny water drops instead. A thin enough cloud will be hard to see in normal light, yes."} {"category":"Physics","question":"When an electric motor is prevented from spinning while turned on it usually produces a buzzing noise. What exactly produces the noise if it isn\u2019t moving?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When an electric motor is prevented from spinning while turned on it usually produces a buzzing noise. What exactly produces the noise if it isn\u2019t moving?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s still producing torque through electromagnetism so that energy has go somewhere, and it does, in the form of heat and sound."} {"category":"Technology","question":"why aren't there multiple versions of the Internet run by different tech companies?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why aren't there multiple versions of the Internet run by different tech companies?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The internet is just millions of computers connected to each other. It's not actually run by anyone, and too widely diffuse to be controlled by one company. Although Google's search function dominance comes closest."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why can't companies just buy enough land or real estate and make your their own state and provide themselves tax incentives (especially that Disney already made its own city)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't companies just buy enough land or real estate and make your their own state and provide themselves tax incentives (especially that Disney already made its own city)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well for one, it takes something like \u00be of the current states to approve the admission of another state into the U.S. Second, they couldn't secede because SCOTUS ruled that states never had the right to secede."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What causes audio and video tracks to fall out of 'sync' with each other during recordings? Why can't computers\/devices just play them back at the same time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes audio and video tracks to fall out of 'sync' with each other during recordings? Why can't computers\/devices just play them back at the same time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The biggest cause would be using a different sample rate than standard. For example, standard frame rate for a video is 24 fps. Standard audio rate for a video is 48,000 samples per second (think of it as frame rate for audio). This way, you have exactly 2,000 samples per frame. If you use a different sample rate, like 44,100 samples per second (the standard for CD audio) you wind up with 1837.5 samples per frame. This is fine if you don't touch the video at all. If you do change the video quality while not touching the audio, or change the audio without the video, you can wind up with frames of audio not syncing to the video correctly. Things get messy when you use other frame rates, like 60fps, or 29.97 fps, etc."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why is it that when you stub your toe against something, for a second it feels like the pain is going away before it actually sets in?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is it that when you stub your toe against something, for a second it feels like the pain is going away before it actually sets in?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You have multiple types of sensory neurons that contribute to pain response, and they respond to different inputs and transmit at different rates. The initial impact triggers a rapid signal to your brain, which subsides as the other sensory neurons begin generating pain signals."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Difference between Cat5 and Cat5e lan cables? How does this entire LAN tech work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Difference between Cat5 and Cat5e lan cables? How does this entire LAN tech work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s just a huge, broad question. There are four year degree programs about this (Computer Network Engineering). As for the cables, simply put the difference between cat5 and cat5e is that e is faster. This is because of the way the cables are twisted, essentially. They\u2019re made to more stringent specifications. More expensive. Faster."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If the phases of the moon are due to the Earths shadow, why is the half moon a straight line\/perfect semi circle, instead of a rounded shadow?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the phases of the moon are due to the Earths shadow, why is the half moon a straight line\/perfect semi circle, instead of a rounded shadow?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Unless you're looking at a lunar eclipse, the part of the moon that's not lit up is not in the Earth's shadow, it's in the moon's shadow. The bright portion is facing the sun, and is therefore illuminated, and the dark portion is facing away from the sun, and therefore not illuminated."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"what are imaginary numbers and how do they help mathematicians?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what are imaginary numbers and how do they help mathematicians?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most people understand the concept of a square root. E.g., the square root of 4 can be either 2 or -2 because 2x2=4 and -2\u00d7-2=4. However what is the square root of -4? Not so simple. Well math likes symmetry and it seemed logical that it should exist. So imaginary numbers were born. The symbol i is used to represent the square root of -1. So the square root of -4 becomes 2i (and\/or -2i). Complex numbers are numbers that have a \"real\" part AND an \"imaginary\" part. E.g., (2+2i) is a complex number. As to uses: engineering, especially electrical engineering and signal processing, can use complex numbers. In fact any engineering that uses something called differential equations, might use complex numbers. That help?"} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why is that when we are going to do something then we are told to do it, we lose motivation to do it and therefore will not do it at all?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is that when we are going to do something then we are told to do it, we lose motivation to do it and therefore will not do it at all?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I think it's the same as being told not to do something, we don't like to be governed and like to be our own boss, make our own choices. FYI, you worded it as well as I could, if not better, and my first language is English"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do hotter peppers (Carolina Reaper, Ghost Peppers, Trinidad Scorpion Butch, etc.) tend to be more deformed\/wrinkled than peppers with a lower Scoville Heat Unit (Jalapeno, Chipotle, Serrano) which tend to be smoother?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do hotter peppers (Carolina Reaper, Ghost Peppers, Trinidad Scorpion Butch, etc.) tend to be more deformed\/wrinkled than peppers with a lower Scoville Heat Unit (Jalapeno, Chipotle, Serrano) which tend to be smoother?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The capsaicin is all in the seeds and the veins surrounding the seeds. The flesh isn't really spicy. Peppers that are bred for spicyness will tend to have a lot of seeds and veins and little flesh, which contributes to the crinkled up shape because the flesh is what covers the outside to make it nice and smooth. If you look at a picture of a cut open reaper or scorpion it's like 95% white (the veins) with a thin veneer of flesh on top."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is the water body surrounding the Bahamas a different shade of blue when compared to rest of the ocean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the water body surrounding the Bahamas a different shade of blue when compared to rest of the ocean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depend on the depth of the water and the material making the ocean floor. In the case of the Bahamas you have a big zone of the ocean around it that it less deep and the floor is made of white sand. The ocean floor surrounding the Bahamas also have a slow slope, while other coastal region could have a slow slope only for a small distance before the depth drop drastically. That's why the ocean around the Bahamas seem more Cyan, instead of a more deep blue."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How are non-organ, donated body parts prepared to be transplanted such as skin?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are non-organ, donated body parts prepared to be transplanted such as skin?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Skin *is* an organ. Skin harvested from body donations is used for transplants, and in that case it is called a *cadaver skin transplant* or *allograft* to differentiate it from a transplant of one's own skin. A device known as a *dermatome* is used to skin skin from the donor, the common one is basically a fancy wood planer but they also have electric ones. Most skin grafts use thin layers of skin, with only a small amount of dermis, which leaves stuff liker fair follicles and sweat glands behind. Full-thickness skin grafts take the whole skin, especially useful for reconstructing a face, and the recipient will need antirejection drugs just like any internal organ transplant."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do hunters wear camouflage if they\u2019re also wearing fluorescent? Don\u2019t animals spot them instantly with their hi-vis gear?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do hunters wear camouflage if they\u2019re also wearing fluorescent? Don\u2019t animals spot them instantly with their hi-vis gear?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Deer cannot see blaze orange the way that humans do. It just looks brown to them, outside their visible spectrum."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why aren\u2019t hats allowed to be worn in public schools?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why aren\u2019t hats allowed to be worn in public schools?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"For the US, two reasons come to mind. It is\/was considered rude to wear hats indoors in many parts of the US. Hats can, or are beloved to, be used to signify gang relations."} {"category":"Physics","question":"why can\u2019t aluminum foil burn under just an open flame?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why can\u2019t aluminum foil burn under just an open flame?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Aluminum is not flammable. When it reacts with oxygen (like a rusting or burning sort of thing), the aluminum oxide quickly forms a protective coating just a few molecules thick, protecting the rest of the aluminum."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do we perceive infrared radiation as heat but not other wavelengths?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we perceive infrared radiation as heat but not other wavelengths?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We don't. We experience all wavelengths as heat. IR just happens to be the range that most of the heat is in, at the temperature range humans are exposed to. This is in part because IR is a huge range of frequencies, spanning all the way from radio-like far-IR to visible-like near-IR."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do beach stores make money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do beach stores make money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To make money, all you have to do is bring in more revenue than your expenses. There is nothing that says that you can't sell the exact same things at the same price as the store next to you. If there are enough customers to buy enough things, then you're set."} {"category":"Other","question":"if CV19 shows up within 14 days and people are contagious for a week or so (roughly 21 days), and we have been at home for six weeks (42 days) now, how come we aren't near no new cases? I understand that some are not obeying and out, but still, that's the minority isn't it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n if CV19 shows up within 14 days and people are contagious for a week or so (roughly 21 days), and we have been at home for six weeks (42 days) now, how come we aren't near no new cases? I understand that some are not obeying and out, but still, that's the minority isn't it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because we\u2019re not all home all day. People need to go grocery shopping. People need to work at groceries so others can go grocery shopping. These people need to get gasoline for their commute, which means people need to work at gas stations. Cars break down (source: needed a windshield replaced last week), so people need to work at auto shops. Other people in essential businesses also need to work. And people in businesses that are not essential but have been declared such for political reasons (see: Florida and professional wrestlers) need to work because otherwise they can\u2019t afford to live. All of these jobs involve interacting with people. All of these involve a risk of infection, or of infecting others. One person can pick up COVID from a contaminated doorknob and infect everyone in their residence, who will spread it before symptoms become noticeable."} {"category":"Physics","question":"why is it easier to create heat than to create cold?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is it easier to create heat than to create cold?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because \"cold\" isn't really a thing, or a property. It's just having relatively less heat. Hard to make something that doesn't exist."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does two or three feet of rainfall result in flooding so severe people are stranded on their roofs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does two or three feet of rainfall result in flooding so severe people are stranded on their roofs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"3 feet of rainfall 'over hundreds of square miles and varying terrain' All the water will collect in low areas making giant puddles basically. The same way you get puddles in the road. There might have only been 2 inches of rain, bjt you can step in a puddle 5 inches deep."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What the difference between solving stego images in the wild and stego ctf images?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What the difference between solving stego images in the wild and stego ctf images?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"CTF stuff is designed to be solvable in a moderate amount of time. In the wild is designed to not be solvable, and in fact is the opposite. For example, all you would need to do to prevent someone from recovering some hidden data is encrypt it with a secure password and encryption algorithm. Instant literally unsolvable problem. At least without a rubber hose. Also wondering how you \"know\" you have some hidden data. Steganography detection stuff is always going to have some false positive rate. The only way you know is if you actually find hidden data. Or someone tells you."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How are mobile devices powerful enough to send data?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are mobile devices powerful enough to send data?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"First, the cell towers have a pretty big receiving antenna themselves. Even if your cell phone sends out a relatively weak signal, the cell tower can collect a lot of that signal. Second, your cell phone sends that information on a very narrow frequency band. Cell towers have electronic devices called filters that take all of the incoming electromagnetic noise, and only looks at a particular frequency. Your cell phone might not use a lot of power, but that power is very concentrated in that particular frequency"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why can't food be refrozen once it has been unfrozen?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't food be refrozen once it has been unfrozen?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It can, but there are two reasons not to. First is contamination. Freezing slows the growth of bacteria and mold. When you unfreeze, that growth starts again. When you then freeze it again, all that contamination is still there. Second is by freezing and unfreezing and freezing again, you are destroying the cells of the food, and dehydrating it, so it will taste worse and worse the more times you do it."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do countries want to avoid having a weak currency? How do they work on getting a stronger currency?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do countries want to avoid having a weak currency? How do they work on getting a stronger currency?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don\u2019t, and shouldn\u2019t worry about the relative values of currency. It doesn\u2019t matter if my 100 blink-credits is worth 1USD or 1000USD, since I can split\/unsplit it to any amount I wish (eg 1 blinko is now 20 blinka). The only thing that matters is the direction where currencies move. If my currency is getting weaker, it might be good if I export stuff (eg china). If I import a lot of stuff, the currency getting stronger might be better (eg Singapore). Governments can choose 2 out of these 3: control interest rates, control currency exchange rates, and control capital flows. Generally a large domestic economy will want to control interest rates more (the USA), a country with small domestic economy and large export\/imports sector will want to control exchange rates, and very few countries choose to restrict capital flows (eg china). A country that wants to have a higher valued currency can purchase its currency on the open market with foreign reserves. For example, if I bought lots of Japanese Yen with USD, the supply of Yen would decrease, and the demand for it increases. Market forces will push the value of Yen upwards. The exact opposite for wanting a lower currency, start buying up foreign currency with your currency."} {"category":"Other","question":". Can someone please explain the ramifications of today's peace signing with isreal and uae and bahrain?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n . Can someone please explain the ramifications of today's peace signing with isreal and uae and bahrain?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Israel agreed a peace deal with two countries a thousand+ miles away that is has no land or sea borders with and has never had direct conflict with. In exchange for agreeing to a continued state of not being at war, and some normalization of relations, some of which are already informally in place, the US is agreeing to let Bahrain and the UAE buy weapons from the US, possibly with the intent of arming surrounding countries for a future war with Iran."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why are radians the unit of choice for angles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are radians the unit of choice for angles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Radians are the most natural unit when you're doing calculus. Certain operations in calculus end up creating a relationship between an angle and a length. These relationships need some sort of constant of conversion between angle and distance in order to work out correctly. But if you can make your unit of conversion the unitless number 1, then it disappears from all the equations and your life is much more simple. If you choose that value for your constant, then your measure of angles is radians. As an example, you can use a Taylor Series to approximate the sine function. This is important, because this is how computers actually calculate sine. If your angle is radians, then you end up with: sin(x) = x - x^(3)\/3! + x^(5)\/5! - x^(7)\/7! + ... Look how neat and symmetric that is! If x is some unit other than radians, you end up with a godawful spaghetti mess of constants."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"what is Benford\u2019s Law or Benford\u2019s Analysis?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is Benford\u2019s Law or Benford\u2019s Analysis?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In real world data like (from the wiki) electricity bills, street addresses, stock prices, house prices, population numbers, death rates, lengths of rivers, physical and mathematical constants... The numbers seen aren't uniformly distributed. That is, you're NOT just as likely to see a 1 in the first significant digit (not counting leading zeroes basically), as you are to see a 9. 1 occurs much more commonly. So if there's a huge mass of accounting data that you suspect might be faked in a fraud case, you can, as a smoke test, check the frequency of occurence of the leading digits and see whether they follow Benford's Law. If they differ significantly, then it might be fake data."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Do scientists really know what the core of planets and stars are made of?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Do scientists really know what the core of planets and stars are made of?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We have a pretty good idea. Our knowledge of the Earth's core is based on a few pieces of information: - It must have a certain density, because Earth's mass and volume are known. - It must be made of relatively common elements, or there wouldn't be enough to form such a large object (the core is approximately as heavy as the Moon) - It must be highly electrically conductive, because Earth has a magnetic field. - It must be a pretty exact amount of \"springy\" because we can observe earthquake waves bouncing off of it. - It must be made of heavier stuff than the other components of Earth (in particular, the silicates that make up Earth's surface), because it sank to the bottom of the once-molten planet. The combination of these constraints makes us pretty confident that the Earth's core is mostly iron, with some nickel. Iron is common, heavy, conductive, and rigid enough to produce the properties we observe. ----- Stars, on the other hand, are constrained by our understanding of particle physics and the observed frequencies of the elements they produce in the cosmos. We know that stars are made almost entirely of hydrogen early in their lives, and produce other elements through fusion. This means that only elements producible through fusion should be common in stars, with heavier and hotter stars producing heavier elements (because it takes progressively more energy to cause fusion the higher up you go). This means that light and young stars, like our Sun, must have cores primarily of hydrogen with some helium produced by fusion. Heavier stars fuse heavier elements, up to carbon, oxygen, neon, silicon, sulfur, and ultimately iron (all of which are common elements in the Universe). And because heavier elements exist, we know that some process must produce them, and stars are the only plausible mechanism based on our current understanding of the universe. In fact, there are *two* processes: the s-process in the core of very large stars and the r-process that occurs during supernovas. Knowing how much of these elements are produced tells us a lot about the inner conditions inside stars, because we know how long they live and how fast elements are produced at certain temperatures and pressures. Actually, in one case, we discovered a new particle physics phenomenon because we knew it *had* to exist for stars to work the way we know that they do (and it turned out that [it does indeed exist]( URL_0 )). More recently, we've been able to observe supernovas directly, which has given us more information about these rarer and less-well-understood processes."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it so hard to make a current-gen console emulator?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it so hard to make a current-gen console emulator?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"An emulator is a program which uses a computer to pretend to be a different computer or console. When you run programs natively on the console, you push a button and the console calculates a response. When you push a button in the emulator, it can't just calculate a response directly, because that response won't be in the same format the game expects - instead, the emulator has to do extra work to decide *how the console would perform that calculation*. If one of your friends asks you what your favorite candy is, you can answer immediately. But if they ask what your *brother's* favorite candy is, you have to think about it for a minute. Similarly, an emulator needs some extra time to do those extra calculations. But games need very rapid responses, so pushing a button has an immediate effect. That means the emulator needs to run on a computer which is a lot faster than the hardware it's emulating. Not a big deal when you're using a modern quad-core processor to emulate a Super Nintendo. But modern consoles use a lot of the same components as modern computers, and are roughly the same speed. That means there's not really any time to do those extra calculations."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do water bottles have expiration dates on them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do water bottles have expiration dates on them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's the expiration date, generally, for the container the water's in, not the water itself. Leaching and whatnot."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is the purpose of a place like the Wall-Street? Why is it needed that much and what do people there do and can make so much money out of it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the purpose of a place like the Wall-Street? Why is it needed that much and what do people there do and can make so much money out of it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The purpose of wall street is a capital allocation market. It allows people to put capital into different ventures that could generate additional wealth. It is needed because you may have more money than you are using in any given moment, instead of letting that money sit idle under your mattress where it slowly loses value to inflation you can give it to someone who needs money to do something. They take that money and generate products and services with it that they then sell for a profit and then give you a portion of the profits for giving them the capital they needed. There are a couple ways to make money: First is investment. You buy into a company\/bond\/mutual fund, and they pay you a cash flow for using your money. Dividends, coupons, etc. The second is speculation, you think that a series of cash flows (investment) is under priced so you buy it and hold it until someone offers you more money for it. You sell it to them and take the difference home as profit. (capital gains) The third is transaction costs. If there is limited access to the capital market and someone who does not have access wants access they can buy that access from a company that does have it. These are commissions, transaction fees, management fees, etc. If you take fractions of a penny off of every transaction and then process trillions of transactions you can make a whole boat load of money."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How come you can lock your car from further distances when you place your key fob against your head?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come you can lock your car from further distances when you place your key fob against your head?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you raise your fob you're getting better line of site. The waves don't have to bounce around as much to get to its destination. It doesn't need to be against your head."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Are the McDonalds in all countries around the world connected to one main 'headquarter' ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Are the McDonalds in all countries around the world connected to one main 'headquarter' ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most McDonald's restaurants are not owned by the McDonald's corporation. They're franchises. That means that some businessman wants to open a restaurant - he pays a franchise fee to McDonald's that gives him the right to open X number of restaurants in a certain physical region. He agrees to buy all of his supplies from McDonald's corp, build his building to their specifications, follow their guidelines for running the business, use their marketing materials, etc. He pays them a yearly fee on top of everything else. They may also help him get a loan to purchase the property and build the building. But day to day operation is up to him."} {"category":"Other","question":"how do we reliably know how much co2 we put globally into the air?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do we reliably know how much co2 we put globally into the air?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Satellite imagery can show up the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere URL_0"} {"category":"Technology","question":"what was with the weird static noise speakers made when someone called on an old phone?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what was with the weird static noise speakers made when someone called on an old phone?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's a side effect of some of the older cellular technologies; the towers communicated with the phones (for some protocols) on a frequency and modulation that was really good at coupling with the amplifier circuits in headphones and speakers. Basically, the speaker\/headphone was becoming an unintentional antenna and \"hearing\" the signal from the cell tower. In the days of yore, cell phones weren't constantly talking to the cell towers beyond a simple \"here I am\". Modern phones are constantly exchanging data with the tower to run all your apps and data feeds in the background, but the old voice\/text only phones wouldn't broadcast much until they were actually asked to do something. The interference you hear is the cell tower \"yelling\" at the phone to say \"Hey, wake up, you have an incoming call.\""} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the mathematical constant, \"i?\" And, what is the importance of it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the mathematical constant, \"i?\" And, what is the importance of it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Complex numbers can be written using two notations. Polar which is a magnitude and an angle, and rectangular. Rectangular gives the magnitude along the real axis and separately the magnitude along the imaginary (i) axis. If you took both notations together, you'd see that the magnitude and angle in polar form exactly matches the hypotenuse formed by the magnitudes from the real and imaginary axes in rectangular form. If you are still confused, I'd suggest researching more on complex numbers. They are a very useful mathematical construct especially if you plan on studying any form of engineering."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why are the savings account interest rates so abysmally low in the US?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are the savings account interest rates so abysmally low in the US?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because the Federal Reserve has set the government's rate for lending money to banks very low. That means that banks can't afford to pay you more than they pay the government, or they would lose money, because your terms are not as generous as the governments (like you want to be able to withdraw the money)."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What causes yoghurt to thicken around the rim of a sealed pot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes yoghurt to thicken around the rim of a sealed pot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The top of the yoghurt is touching the little bit of air in the cup, so it dries out a little bit. There's only a little air in there, so it's only enough to partially dry out the very top of the yoghurt."} {"category":"Other","question":"What's the instinctual purpose for people to find things irritating?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the instinctual purpose for people to find things irritating?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I\u2019m interested to see smart people answer this. My guess would be that irritations can tax your resources. Disrupting you from being able to pay attention to what\u2019s important. That you only have so much bandwidth and it\u2019s sucking away what you need to focus, kind of like how you feel like you need to turn the radio down to find a parking spot."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why wasn't there any reported epidemics \/ pandemics in scale as that of the European Bubonic Plague in the Americas and the New World prior to discovery and colonization?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why wasn't there any reported epidemics \/ pandemics in scale as that of the European Bubonic Plague in the Americas and the New World prior to discovery and colonization?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"1) Population densities in the Americas were lower at the time in most places. 2) There was less trade between populations in the Americas (though more than most people think). 3) There was were fewer species of domesticated animals in the Americas and in general those that were domesticated did not cohabitate with humans as much or as closely as they did in Europe and Asia."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do you cry when you're sad\/extremely happy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do you cry when you're sad\/extremely happy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's a couple of different reasons but I'll try to separate them. Chemically, there's 3 different 'types' of tears; Basal, Reflex, and Emotional. The other two tears are a result of irritants or just general lubricant for the eye in the form of mucus, but emotional tears are made up of stress hormones such as cortisol (which will relieve tension in your body which is argued for why you feel better after crying) and leucine enkephalin, a natural painkiller and endorphin (stuff you get while doing exercise) which also uses up cortisol in the body and makes you feel better. Psychologically, everyone cries because it's a form of non-verbal communication that you are feeling sad or might be injured, or anything that means you might need help, despite you not being consciously aware of it. You can't make yourself cry unless you think of something emotional. You cry when you're emotional because your body treats an emotional stressor as if you have been physically injured. You might be in relatively low physical danger when told that a family member has passed away, but the overwhelming stress and emotion causes such a build up of stress hormones from the sympathetic nervous system (increases heart rate, respiration, supresses digestion, etc) that you will most likely cry or feel overwhelmed. When something makes you extremely happy, you remove a lot of distress from your life (if not momentarily). Looking at the GAS (Hans Selye's General Adaption Syndrome) model for stress, most people are subconsciously in the 'resistance' stage; meaning they have increased their resistance to stressors to get through their lives. When something extremely great happens to you, say a partner proposes or you win the lottery, that stress resistance level is no longer needed, so excess stress hormones that were activated to keep you resistant are released in Emotional tears. Source: A lot of shit I learned doing Psychology and Biology research in Australia."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do people who live near airports or loud mining operations find it harder to sleep when it's quiet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people who live near airports or loud mining operations find it harder to sleep when it's quiet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You adapt to what is your own normal. If you are accustomed to incredibly loud noises, then you are NOT accustomed to all of the small noises. Refrigerator hum, pipes settling, neighbors opening and closing doors, animals walking on the roof, the crinkling of your mattress protector when you roll over.... all of those would be suddenly brand new noises to someone who normally sleeps in a few decibels of constant background."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"how does concrete get stronger over time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does concrete get stronger over time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I think they're talking about days and weeks when they say \"over time\". Concrete takes time to set or cure; after only a day or two its lost its plasticity, and a few days to a week it has acheived a good portion of its compressive strength. But as it continues to cure, it gains closer to 100% of its compressive strength. The time periods you're talking about w.r.t. erosion is an entirely different time scale; at that time scale the concrete could be considered at peak strength after the first two or three months. There's a lot of factors in how long it takes concrete to do its initial setting: moisture content, environmental conditions, temperature... sometimes concrete is kept underwater until its set."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do updates go from something like 9.04.32 to 10.58.7?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do updates go from something like 9.04.32 to 10.58.7?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Software versioning follows a fairly uniform scheme that tracks revisions based on their significance to the program. The gap in the revision numbers you're seeing is the internal revisions and changes that software went through before it was released to you."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why do rainbows always appear in the same spot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do rainbows always appear in the same spot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Rainbows aren\u2019t physical objects with a real location in space. They\u2019re optical phenomena that appear at specific angles relative to the Sun and your eye, as long as there are airborne water droplets somewhere along that line of sight."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why is urine yellow when our body is dehydrated and clear when hydrated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is urine yellow when our body is dehydrated and clear when hydrated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The amount of material flushed from the body is relatively constant. In aggregate the \"color\" is yellowish. When there is ample water flowing within the body to flush, there is a higher water-to-waste ratio, the waste is more diluted, thus the color is lighter."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does capitalization of spending particularly R & D spending work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does capitalization of spending particularly R & D spending work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This isn't really an ELI5 theme, but I'll try. First, what are assets and what are expenses? An ASSET is something that lasts a long time. It's semi-permanent, like a dump truck or a building. An EXPENSE is something that is instant, like a business lunch with clients, the cost of hiring a consultant, or the mileage you incur on your own vehicle when doing company business. These show up in different ways when the company does its financial paperwork, and here's the key difference: An asset can have financial sheet implications **over many years**, but an expense has financial sheet effects **in the current year only.** (There's tons of gray here, this is the simplest case and I'm going to touch accruals.) To apply them, you pick which you want to use by putting the financial numbers for costs incurred against different accounts, where some are asset accounts, others are expense accounts. You're \"capitalizing\" (creating capital) when you assign those values against asset accounts, including R & D ones. And then auditors are usually legally required to look at your company to make sure you're assigning them properly so you can't just make up rules on how you want to move that money around. Why even do it? This changes things like how healthy the company looks to the people that want to buy its stocks on the stock market, or how much tax it pays at what point in an asset's lifetime. A good investor looks at capital versus expenses and makes decisions based on how much is in each. & #x200B;"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Even though 72 is room temperature year round, why does it feel colder in the winter?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Even though 72 is room temperature year round, why does it feel colder in the winter?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"First thing is 72 deg. F is the temperature at the thermostat which is usually at an interior hallway - so bedrooms may be more chilly especially with large windows. Secondly it may have to do with your body type. If you are very thin it is much easier to cool your self so the summer doesn't affect you as much - as the winter where it is harder to warm yourself if you are thing vs having more \"insulation\" aka fat or even muscle mass."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why does the weather change?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the weather change?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Just as a correction to your question, our distance from the sun doesn't cause our seasons, the axial tilt does. But anyway, there are hundreds of factors that don't repeat regularly. Our orbit changes ever so slightly, the moon is receding slowly, our axial tilt precesses, our magnetic field is moving around relatively quickly compared to other factors, solar activity changes on 11 year cycles, with even longer changes beyond that, and much more. Perhaps one of the biggest influences is life. The composition of our atmosphere has been primarily controlled by life for billions of years. Also, our atmosphere is a fluid, and fluids are governed by extremely complex systems of equations that we haven't yet been able to solve. In fact I believe it may not be possible to derive exact solutions to said equations. It's chaos theory and all that."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do high frequency sound waves, and low frequency EM waves travel further than their counterparts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do high frequency sound waves, and low frequency EM waves travel further than their counterparts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Not quite accurate. Low-frequency sound waves can travel over *huge* distances (thousands of km) and this is how whales communicate."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Could someone explain privately owned toll roads and the reason toll costs are so high?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Could someone explain privately owned toll roads and the reason toll costs are so high?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Civil Engineer, so I have a bit of knowledge on this. Where I am from, these type of toll roads are generally built on a DBFO contract from the government (Design, Build, Finance and Operate). Basically, the government issues an open tender for the scheme with a rough outline of what they want, companies will gather as 'Joint Ventures' or 'Consortium' and apply to build the road. The winner of the tender process will be chosen based on both the quality of their proposal and the price of the toll that they propose to charge. The group of companies who win the work initially have to finance the building of the road and the interest on a 40 year, 500 million pound loan is really expensive. Then they must design the road, which is expensive as hell and may take years. Then they have to build the damn thing, which again may take years. Once it is constructed and the road is operational the group can start to recoup come of their investment through the tolls ...... but the group of companies must also Operate the road for the contracted time period (could be 40 years). Operating a road is expensive; maintenance of the running surface, verge cutting, litter picking, maintaining the bridges, salting in winter, brushing leaves in Autumn .... it is expensive for a government to do works like this and they have plenty of tax dollars to help them but the consortium has to build all this maintenance cost into the Toll that you pay at the booth. So in short (as this has gone well beyond the comprehension of a 5-year-old): The toll you pay at the booth covers the financing, design, construction, operation and profit for numerous companies for a long period of time. The consortium that will have won the contract, will probably have done so because the toll that they promised to charge 1penny or cent less than their next nearest competitor for the duration of the contract."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do most hotels have carpet floors?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do most hotels have carpet floors?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"* Cheaper to replace carpet than other options in most cases. * Sound dampening. Carpet absorbs much more sound that hard flooring, and silence is a good thing in hotels. * In my opinion the right carpeting can make a room\/building feel more \u201chomey\u201d than hard flooring."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do hockey face-offs work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do hockey face-offs work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There\u2019s something called the \u201c5 second rule,\u201d which forces the player in the face off to be in the right position at the end of that time. This includes skates in a specific position, with stick on the ice. Many players attempt to lift their stick in the air prior to the drop to get a reactionary edge on their opponent. In addition, no part of you can be touching your opponent before the puck drops; this includes initiating stick-on-stick contact. All these are reasons for refs tossing a player out of a face-off."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is cryptomining and how does it work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is cryptomining and how does it work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I did it for a while. There's a lot to it, but here's how I can simplify it easiest: There's a complicated math problem that a lot of people are trying to solve. You run a program called a miner on your computer that repeatedly tries to find the answer to that problem. When it does find the answer, it gets shared between all the other people who were also trying to answer it, and when they confirm that it's the right answer, you're rewarded with whichever type of cryptocurrency you were mining (e.g. bitcoin). The answer also includes the next math problem everyone has to solve, so all the miners start working on that. Rinse, repeat. It's actually very simple to start mining on any computer, but you'd end up spending more money on electricity than you'd ever earn, so don't bother. I can go into more depth if you have specific questions but the actual cryptography is over my head. I have done a lot of reading about the various hashing algorithms used and how they work but I couldn't explain it well enough. It's been over 2 years. There are also a lot of cryptocurrencies with different methods, so I understand some better than others. Edit: For everyone informing me of the existence of altcoins, yes, I know, I only ever mined those (until multipools got big and then I took my payouts in bitcoin and let them decide what was worth mining). I meant it wasn't worth it to CPU mine them."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do hackers hack a web cam?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do hackers hack a web cam?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> How do hackers hack a web cam? Bugs. A lot of software is insecure. Not all. A standalone webcamera is an \"Internet of Things\" device. Oh god, there are so many poorly secured IoT devices. > And is it possible for them to record without the indicator light turning on? Depends. If the light is hardwired to the power of the camera, no. But other devices, like [logitech cameras]( URL_0 ) or [macbooks]( URL_1 ) don't even need the firmware flashed. So, that's a solid yes. > specifically a laptop's built-in webcam - if that makes a difference... As a device that's part of a real laptop, with a real OS, then it's probably more secure. But on the flip side, OS's do a lot more stuff which are more vectors for an attack."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do torn muscles continuously give problems after the initial injury?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do torn muscles continuously give problems after the initial injury?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Scar tissue is \"stronger\" than normal tissue, but not useful. This helps with bone, as it oly needs strength. The scar tissue builds in the torn mussle but dose not work like the mussle. So there are parts of the mussle that are not working, causing inconsistent pulling on joints. The build up of scar tissue could be pushing on nerves, causing discomfort durring hard use."} {"category":"Biology","question":"People say that sharks don\u2019t like the taste of humans, they attack humans because they are mistaken as a seal. If so, how do new generation of sharks have the concept of how humans taste and look?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n People say that sharks don\u2019t like the taste of humans, they attack humans because they are mistaken as a seal. If so, how do new generation of sharks have the concept of how humans taste and look?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Why would you think that a shark have a concept of a human in any way? They attack often because it look like a seal and release it when it do not taste like a seal. They do not need to know what a human is just what a seal look like and the taste no knowledge of humans is needed."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does a private equity company buy up struggling companies by saddling them with debt?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a private equity company buy up struggling companies by saddling them with debt?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Toys R Us. Profitable company. Sold to an equity clearinghouse. They invested nothing in the stores and took out loans (based on the stores' profitability) until the company was upside down and then they declared bankruptcy. There was nothing wrong with their stores or their markets. They just got raped for cash and left on the road. Its a crack addict's way of doing business and its completely legal and profitable. dystopian."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How do mosquitos fly in the rain?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do mosquitos fly in the rain?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mosquitos are so small and light that they get pushed out of the way by the air current raindrops produce while falling."} {"category":"Biology","question":"what are birthmarks and why do they appear?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what are birthmarks and why do they appear?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A birthmark is a congenital, benign irregularity on the skin which is present at birth or appears shortly after birth, usually in the first month. They can occur anywhere on the skin. Birthmarks are caused by overgrowth of blood vessels, melanocytes, smooth muscle, fat, fibroblasts, or keratinocytes."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How in the world do rich people file their taxes in such a way to avoid paying absolutely anything at all, and how could a normal person do the same?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How in the world do rich people file their taxes in such a way to avoid paying absolutely anything at all, and how could a normal person do the same?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Having a lot of money doesn\u2019t necessarily mean they have a large earned income for the year. I could own 100,000 shares of Tesla and if the stock rose $100 for the year, I made $10 million. My net worth would reflect that, but if I don\u2019t sell any of those shares during the year, I don\u2019t have to pay any taxes on them. Only when I sell do I pay taxes. The same could be said for real estate. I own 5 houses and their value doubles in a year. My net worth rises, but again, I don\u2019t pay taxes unless I sell the houses. (I know property taxes are still a thing, but I\u2019m strictly talking income tax). Another thing that can be done is to receive write offs for charitable donations. Donate $100,000 to a qualified charity and that is $100,000 less you have to pay taxes on. You can also carry forward losses if you lost money in the stock market in previous years. Those losses can be deducted from any gains you made and sold this year. So there are some CEOs who get a majority of their salary in the form of stock in the company and may only take home $100,000 in cash paychecks a year despite gaining $1,000,000 in shares of stock."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why would banks bother tying up capital lending mortgages at ~3% when that same Capital could earn > 7% in the market?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why would banks bother tying up capital lending mortgages at ~3% when that same Capital could earn > 7% in the market?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mortgages are much more secure and less risky than the market. If someone defaults the bank can repo assets to recover their losses. It\u2019s also guaranteed interest revenue because if the homeowner doesn\u2019t pay, they get foreclosed. Think of a mortgage as a bond. Sure, bonds have smaller growth than stocks but have little to no risk and almost always guarantee that you will receive most, if not all and more, money than you paid for the bond. The market (I\u2019m assuming stock market?) has much higher risk, no possible way to recoup complete losses if the company fails (unless you\u2019re a preferred stock holder and even then it\u2019s only a maybe) and it\u2019s also possible that you actually have no returns at all; they might simply lose their money."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is, no matter the colour of the shampoo, the foam always white?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is, no matter the colour of the shampoo, the foam always white?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because the bubbles that make up the foam are so thin that the pigments that make up he color are too thinly spread to matter much. Instead the light is fractured everywhere by every bubble making it effectively reflecting white light."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do search engines work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do search engines work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They keep a giant database of every webpage on the Internet, by using a program called a crawler that goes on every website and follows every link on that website, and eventually you have a pretty complete database. Then when you run a search for a key word, they search their database for websites that they have cached that contain your key word."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"how come if there are 23 at a party the chance of two people having the same birthday is 50%?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how come if there are 23 at a party the chance of two people having the same birthday is 50%?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We'll ignore leap years for the following: Person 1 has to have a birthday no one else has. They pick any day (365\/365). Person 2 has to have a birthday no one else has. They pick any day save person one's birthday (364\/365). Person 3 has to pick a different day as well (363\/365). The chance of any two independent events (let's call them A and B) happening simultaneously is probability of A x probability of B. Thus, the chance of all three events occurring at the same time is 365\/365 x 364\/365 x 363\/365. If you carry this out to 23 people, you'll actually find that the probability is less than 50%."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do certain drugs (e.g. meth and heroin) make it seem like the user has aged decades in a short amount of time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do certain drugs (e.g. meth and heroin) make it seem like the user has aged decades in a short amount of time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I love this part: Unqualified claim to be a medical doctor here. Further unsubstantiated claim to treat these specific patients routinely. Yet more outrageous claim to have specialized knowledge in this particular aspect of the problem and thus I am the sole perfect person to answer your question. Like you're 5 years old, I don't know. Here is my $0.02... There are the direct effects and the indirect effects of the drugs. The direct effects are the ones that cause damage to systems, organs, tissues and cells. The indirect effects are those that affect the whole human due to the behavior people engage in when they are high or trying to get high. Direct effects of meth depend on how you use the drug. Snorting will lead to a bunch of problems with drying out your nose and throat, the muscles involved will get contracted and long term it causes erosion of the tissues. This leads to lesions of all sorts forming. Swallowing meth is probably the least damaging, but still over time will cause havoc in the mouth and throat. Smoking will cause lung damage and the traditional \"meth mouth\" by altering bacteria in the mouth and causing a drying effect which ruins enamel and causes teeth to decay faster. The worst is shooting it directly into the bloodstream with a needle in a vein. This allows bacteria and other infectious things into the blood directly and causes abscesses and infection. The infections can range from simple to complex and routinely kills patients. Kidneys and livers fail all the time due to dehydration, toxic levels of crap for the liver to filter out and hepatitis is rampant. Meth causes people to clench their muscles a lot and that causes little bits of muscle to die and the debris goes into the blood and can cause kidneys to fail trying to filter it out. Shooting is also the most potent way to get high and is a bad sign. Shooters have a hard time staying sober. The effect of the drug in your bloodstream is that it reaches a lot of the cells in your body to some degree and each type of cell has it own reaction depending on if it can make use of the meth molecule. There are between 10 and 17 known and theorized receptors for the meth molecule and the density of the receptors on different cell types is an ongoing investigation. For the 5 year old it will suffice to say it causes a lot of trouble that becomes damage in the way the cells function over time. The damage accumulates and expands. Blood vessels constrict, causing decreased flow to and from tissues. Brain cells obviously let meth in, and in different areas of the brain, and at different rates with different effects. A common phenomenon is called de-arborization where the little connections between neurons in key areas of the brain get clipped due to the toxic effects of meth. Sort of like trimming the branches of a tree. This leads to all sorts of damage but is mostly seen as early dementia. Also there is neuron death which affects the ability to regulate mood. Meth has a large effect on dopamine in the brain (and everywhere else too) which causes people to hear voices, feel pleasure, get paranoid, want more. Meth does affect connective tissue and causes fibroblasts (a cell that builds collagen and the matrix that it lives in in skin) to be more inefficient. Repair occurs slowly and healing takes longer. This will make it look like the patient is aging faster. The indirect effects are all the bad things people do to get high. The latest story I heard from a meth using patient was that he was in a month long detox program (his 14th program over 10 years) and he and 2 people he met in the program decided to leave the program early. The patient called a friend he knew in high school and convinced the naive guy that he had graduated from the program and needed a ride. The friend picks up the 3 addicts and they go to his house with him and steal his car, his portable electronics and drive to a casino in the desert to get meth after selling the stuff at pawn shop or on the street. They stripped the car of stereo and battery, took a shit in the backseat and broke the key off in the ignition. Meth is very cheap and you can get really high for about $10-30 a day, but over time people wind up selling their bodies to get money. They \"hustle\" and hustle means a lot of things and they are all bad. The effect of having sex with strangers for meth money is a lot of exposure to STDs and violence. The \"holed up in a motel being raped for 3 days\" stories I have heard are in the high 30s. Both men and women prostitute themselves to either gender for meth or money. They don't bathe, they stay high for months, they don't eat, they live in squalor or on the streets. It is a very rough living and it erodes their humanity. What they do eat is sporadic and usually just caffeine, fat and sugar. They don't drink enough water ever. All that hard living, bad diet, damage to body and soul shows up on their skin. They get skinny, their muscles waste away, they pick at their skin and get scabs, sometimes they get horrific acne. It all ages them rapidly. Opiates are another story, but kind of the same. I am feeling a little slimy talking about these things because there is a cost to hearing all these stories and it is that you carry the stories and horrors around in your head forever. Suffice it to say there are similar effects from using heroin. Just different specifics. If you really want to know just ask. I'm going to go shower now and go to bed."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do clouds tend to clump together in the sky, rather than the water vapor just being spread out equally over the air?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do clouds tend to clump together in the sky, rather than the water vapor just being spread out equally over the air?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Clouds tend to form at the top of updrafts, as the upward-moving air expands and cools, prompting it to dump its water as a mist which forms the clouds. Obviously, the whole sky cannot be one big updraft, as air must also be moving downwards in order to take the place of the air moving upwards. This forms many different cloud shapes, including the traditional convection cell hex grid - if you look carefully you will sometimes be able to make out a hexagonal grid arrangement where clouds are at the center of each hexagon. This is because circular convection cells form and when they come together the circles form a hexagonal grid."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Where does one keep $60 billion in cash? Comcast... I'm looking at you.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does one keep $60 billion in cash? Comcast... I'm looking at you.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"its much more complicated than this. firstly theres no actual cash being stored anywhere, nor would any physical cash change hands in such a deal when they say \"cash offer\" they just mean regular money in an account, and not any asset trading. comcast isnt just keeping $60B in accounts sitting either. they likely have them invested in short term things or just stuff they can liquidate quickly. all companies keep a stash of fairly liquid investments incase they need it. comcast likely prepared and gatherered that amount of cash over time in preparation for their bid."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is the difference between tactics and strategy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between tactics and strategy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"Tactical\" is anything at the small unit level. Like taking a hill, or out-flanking a bunker. Think \"battle\" or a specific instance involving a small group, a platoon of vehicles or a small number of ships or aircraft. \"Strategic\" is longer term. Strategic thinking is planning for outcomes of multiple tactical outcomes, more units, many battles, much larger scale. _If we take this town, then my armor takes this valley, then my airborne lands here. Where do I get fuel from? Nearest deep water port is ...._ \"Tactical air support\" - getting supplies dropped to a unit in the field. An attack aircraft being called in to deliver bombs on a hill where a sniper has your unit pinned down from. \"Strategic (air\/sea) lift\" - how can I get an entire armored brigade from Georgia, USA to Kuwait in under a week?"} {"category":"Other","question":"How come the Fukushima plant\u2019s leaking radiation hasn\u2019t caused massive amounts of damage to the Oceans?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come the Fukushima plant\u2019s leaking radiation hasn\u2019t caused massive amounts of damage to the Oceans?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The Pacific Ocean is big... like mind numbingly super stupid big. It contains roughly 50% of the worlds salt water so that makes it roughly 714 milion cubic kilometers. The worst leak from Fukushima was roughly 300 metric tons (300 cubic meters or 300000 L) of contaminated water. The water had 230 million becquerels per liter of beta emitting radioactive isotopes. The maximum amount of becquerels per liter allowed in water discharged to the ocean is 30. To dillute the 230 million to 30 you would need 7.7 million times the original volume. So Fukaushimas 300 cubic meters becomes 2.3 billion cubic meters. That's 2.3 cubic Kilometers! But remember the Pacific ocean is 714 million cubic kilometers so the 2.3 of required dillution is pocket change in comparison to the Pacific's size. Where some of my numbers came from: URL_0"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How is oxygen created in the winter when most trees have lost their leaves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is oxygen created in the winter when most trees have lost their leaves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Half of the planet doesn't really have a winter in the sense of snow, Sub-Zero temperatures and leaf-loss. Think about the regions around and parallel to the equator. Lots of rain forests and definitely lots and lots of trees. We also get nearly 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere from oceanic algae. So plants aren't alone in producing our esteemed oxygen."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why shouldn\u2019t Li-Ion batteries be fully charged or drained?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why shouldn\u2019t Li-Ion batteries be fully charged or drained?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The top and bottoms of the charge percentage are the most stressful for the chemicals in the battery. They charge slowly and are more prone to getting warm while charging. Heat is bad for batteries, always. Li-Ion batteries in particular have circuitry on the batteries to protect them from overcharging and stuff since they're especially prone to fires or explosions when mistreated. This does have the side-effect of causing them to drain a bit faster than normal when not in use. Also when drained too far (ie. drained, and not charged for a while) the battery will simply die permanently. This isn't really manufacturer rigging, it's just the nature of the chemical make-up. All types of batteries today are basically bags of chemicals, and should be treated as such. \"Peak charge\" is something that can be chemically defined, but we've learned that when total power out of the battery's lifetime is what really matters, keeping it away from the extremes really helps. Whether a manufacturer decides to go for maximum lifetime or maximum charge is up to them, and might even change with software updates and stuff."} {"category":"Other","question":"when someone is worth billions of dollars, where is that money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n when someone is worth billions of dollars, where is that money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A lot of it would be in investments. But also, a lot of the dollar value in net worth is tied up in the companies people own themselves (think amazon and Tesla). They don\u2019t have billions in cash. It\u2019s calculated in assets and many more things. They certainly have multiple accountants managing their money."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What are the reasons people say communism\/socialism does not work with larger populations?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the reasons people say communism\/socialism does not work with larger populations?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sweden is not a socialist economy. It's a social market or social democracy. Socialism doesn't work in Sweden, since Sweden is not socialist. The underlying economy is a market. People have private property, businesses, and employment. Businesses have owners, shareholders, dividends, and profits. Transactions are for the most part undertaken privately and mostly at prices dictated by the market. Socialism or communism is when most economic decisions about the use and exchange of property are made either collectively or by the state. But Sweden, like the rest of Europe, lets most decisions be made by individuals acting in markets. On top of the market lies some socialist-like regulations (less than you'd think) and taxes (high, but comparable to Italy, France, Denmark, Finland, Belgium, etc.). In fact, for most of its history until the late 20th century, Sweden didn't even have a particularly noteworthy amount of taxes and regulations. Most of its wealth was built during a time when Sweden had slightly lower tax collections than the European average. Even today, though many on both the right and left believe to the contrary, Sweden has arguably fewer restrictions on market behavior than many places in the US. And if socialism is taken in the populist sense of \"making sure the rich don't have more rights than the poor\" Sweden is probably a worse model for socialism than the US. Their income tax rates are high, but close to being flat. The highest tax bracket in Sweden applies to people who make just one and half times the national average, while the US highest tax bracket applies to people making eight and a half times the national average. The Swedish VAT (similar to a sales tax) is much higher than US sales taxes, and VATs are regressive, meaning that they take proportionately more wealth from poorer people than richer people. Sweden collects 4.5 times more in VAT than the US collects in state sales taxes, and these taxes disadvantage the poor. Sweden has business taxes and capital gains taxes that are comparable to the US, sometimes higher, sometimes lower. Least socialist of all, Sweden has no inheritance tax or estate tax. There are rich families in Sweden that are able to pass on old family wealth without any tax, and since the business tax and capital gains tax are much lower than the income tax, the richest Swedes often pay a much smaller percentage of tax than the average working Swede. So Sweden has high taxes on everybody, not just the rich, while the US has one of the most progressive tax systems that mostly targets high-income rich people. What causes people to assume Sweden is socialist is that its tax burden is funneled to social welfare spending. But even this spending is less generous than it used to be and certainly doesn't amount to actual socialism. When you count both state and federal taxes and regulations, the US arguably has as socialist a country as Sweden, with the major exception being that Sweden has more generous welfare. The US spends most of its welfare on senior citizens, but otherwise a lot of the US budget goes to the military. Also, part of the issue is that the US enacts much of its social welfare policy through taxes. The third largest \"welfare program\" in the US is the Earned Income Tax Credit, which normally is not counted as welfare but sends tens of billions of dollars to low-income taxpayers every year. And hundreds of billions of dollars worth of tax exclusions, credits and deductions are used by taxpayers every year. If all of those taxes were collected and paid out by the US government, the US would have a far higher tax rate and far larger welfare state than Sweden. So I think the premise of your question is an issue. Sweden is not socialist. But if we're using a metric where it is, then arguably the US is even more socialist. I'll separately answer your question and ignore the premise that Sweden is socialist. I have a sense that you wanted more than just a long-winded rant on Swedish political economy."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What's the absolute minimum speed a plane has to go for it to stay in the air?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the absolute minimum speed a plane has to go for it to stay in the air?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not really possible to give a simple answer to this - it depends on the plane, and on whether you mean air speed or ground speed. Against a strong enough wind, a light plane could fly while going backwards relative to the ground."} {"category":"Other","question":"What determines a person's sense of humor?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What determines a person's sense of humor?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mostly psychological. When a person has good sense of humor, it generally means they are happy, socially confident and likely to have a healthy perspective on life. But this has exceptions because humor has a dark side. There are people who use self-defeating humor; also humor is used to criticize and manipulate others through teasing, sarcasm and ridicule. So being funny isn't necessarily an indicator of good social skills and well-being. It all depends on the kind of humor the person uses."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do Adaptive Optics know how to correct for atmospheric distortion and give us Hubble-quality images from a telescope on the ground?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do Adaptive Optics know how to correct for atmospheric distortion and give us Hubble-quality images from a telescope on the ground?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"the simple version is that they shine a laser UP, and watch for it's reflection\/refraction in the air. then, they apply the opposite of that reflection to the image they record, and end up with a pretty clear image. someone will likely give a more detailed answer, but that's the simple version."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What makes the view from a high place enjoyable?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What makes the view from a high place enjoyable?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I kind of wonder if it's not something more primal. High ground is safer because it's easier to defend. I wonder if it's not a subconscious throw back to primitive survival. Given that's it's not too often most people are at the top of a mountain, building, tree, or whatever, it could create a surge of feeling because you've gotten to the best spot for safety and your subconscious can relax in a way it can't at a lower elevation. Neat to think about."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What's the difference between rechargable and non rechargable batteries?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between rechargable and non rechargable batteries?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Rechargeable batteries use materials that can move the electrons backwards when powered the other way. Non rechargeable batteries absorb the electrons in a way that is very difficult to reverse. They are still popular because of lower cost and higher energy density."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do human bodies keep from losing air and crumbling on an airplane unlike a half empty water bottle on an airplane?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do human bodies keep from losing air and crumbling on an airplane unlike a half empty water bottle on an airplane?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Human bodies aren't balloons. We're mostly liquid on the inside, with some solid. The areas that are gas-filled have systems to equalize pressure with our surroundings. Our lungs should be obvious, but then those little tubes in our ears (the name escapes me) require movement in order to maintain pressure. This is why your ears can hurt when swimming deep underwater or flying in a plane. The normal solution to this is chewing on gum, as the movement of the jaw helps speed up the pressure equalizing process."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why do ants falling from large heights (like even up to 5m) not die?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do ants falling from large heights (like even up to 5m) not die?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Terminal velocity is the speed at which gravity and air resistance cancel out, it depends on your mass and your size. Big things have faster terminal velocities, elephants for example will break their legs if you drop them from 1 meter up. Small things have lower terminal velocities, you can throw a mouse (or an ant) out of a plane and it will land fine. So thats why, they just simply cant naturally fall fast enough to get hurt"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How come drinks in glass containers taste different then drinks in aluminum or other metal containers? I don\u2019t just mean the obvious reason of them being in different materials.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come drinks in glass containers taste different then drinks in aluminum or other metal containers? I don\u2019t just mean the obvious reason of them being in different materials.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's actually a large part of it. Aluminum cans are sealed with plastic on the inside to keep the soda from dissolving the metal, but glass doesn't need to be sealed. The sealant in aluminum cans leaches a tiny bit into the soda (because the carbon dioxide and other compounds in the soda just work that way), but glass has a different structure so it doesn't dissolve from that. Besides all that, soda in cans is mixed a little differently from soda you'd get from a fountain, and that affects the taste too. Soda from a fountain is pretty much the freshest possible mix you can get."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why can you get addicted to 1st hand smoke but not 2nd hand smoke?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can you get addicted to 1st hand smoke but not 2nd hand smoke?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Addiction to cigarettes comes in two main ways. The first is the physical habit. Cigarette smoking is a repetitive, comforting practice - a less athletic version of Tai Chi. So merely smoking the cigarette is enjoyable even if you exclude the pharmacological effects. It should be obvious that this provides no benefit except to the person who is actually smoking the cigarette. The second is the nicotine in the cigarette. However, the nicotine is almost entirely absorbed by the body. You can't realistically get 'high' off of second-hand smoke - the smoke you see exhaled is particulates and other largely inert chemicals. So there's no chemical rush from secondhand smoke to get addicted to."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do some stereo sounds sound like they are coming from both sides rather than the middle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do some stereo sounds sound like they are coming from both sides rather than the middle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So the way our brains interpret the direction a sound is coming from is to listen for differences in the sounds reaching each ear. So when stereo speakers (placed at an equal distance) are playing the EXACT same sound, our brain interprets that as coming from directly in front of us. When an audio engineer is mixing music, it is sometime desirable to have some instruments sound like they are coming from the sides, but not necessarily one side or the other. To accomplish this, they have to make one side (either the left or the right channel) SLIGHTLY different from the other. One way this is accomplished is by a \u201cStereo Spread\u201d which will take a stereo audio file and spread certain sections of the frequency band to either the left or right. That way the left speaker will be playing some of the frequency bands, and the right speaker will be playing the other frequency bands of the same sound. The other way this can be accomplished is by using the Haas effect. This is done by simply \u201cdelaying\u201d one of the sides (either the left or right channel) by up to about 30 milliseconds; so one side is playing the exact same sound as the other side, but just slightly later than the other. By only delaying it as much as 30ms, our brain doesn\u2019t detect it as being \u201cout of time\u201d and can barely tell the difference. However our brain DOES definitely hear two separate and distinct sounds in each ear making it interpret the sounds as coming from each side instead of directly in front of us."} {"category":"Other","question":"What differences are there between male and female brains? Of those which (so far) have been tested to always been the case and which vary depending on the subjects?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What differences are there between male and female brains? Of those which (so far) have been tested to always been the case and which vary depending on the subjects?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Here is a page describing some of the difference between male and female brains, specifically an very interesting brain structure call the anterior hypothalamus. URL_0 I think the differences are pretty well established,.. I recall this being discussed during my undergrad back in the 90's. The article explains pretty well the 'severity' of the differences, how it related to hormonal development, sexual orientation. etc."} {"category":"Other","question":"What causes \"target fixation\" when riding a motorcycle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes \"target fixation\" when riding a motorcycle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sport bike racer here,.. it's a survival instinct from your lizard brain. It is deadly on a motorcycle, and you need to train your brain to stay sixty feet ahead of the front tire. Look right through the distractions."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are lights sometimes seen in sky before an earthquake?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are lights sometimes seen in sky before an earthquake?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"From the same article: \"Research into earthquake lights is ongoing; as such, several mechanisms have been proposed.\" So there is no explanation for it yet."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why are the craters on the moon flat on the bottom? If an asteroid were to hit the moon, material would be blown out and the crater would be more rounded on the bottom, right?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are the craters on the moon flat on the bottom? If an asteroid were to hit the moon, material would be blown out and the crater would be more rounded on the bottom, right?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Initially, yes. But those craters are very very old and have had time for the material to settle somewhat. The deepest ones also punched deep enough to expose magma, as in the maria. As a liquid or near-liquid, the magma flowed smoothly to form a flat plain before cooling."} {"category":"Economics","question":"If more demand makes prices go up, how are businesses putting absurd discounts in products every year during Black Fridays and still profiting?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If more demand makes prices go up, how are businesses putting absurd discounts in products every year during Black Fridays and still profiting?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"1: Most things that are on sale are businesses trying to unload before year end to make room for the new hotness. What black friday is really about is clearing inventory which costs money to keep stock on hand. 2: Businesses often count on people buying other things while they are shopping. What discounts they do offer are only on a small percentage of their total inventory anyway. 3: Even with the discount, most markups are in the 50% area, they still aren't losing money."} {"category":"Physics","question":"- Why is space black? If their is so much light every where?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why is space black? If their is so much light every where?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Much of the light we are \"supposed to see\" is coming from the early days of the Universe, when it became transparent to photons. Because of the expansion of space, the energy of these photons has been redshifted to microwave wavelengths. This is what we call the cosmic microwave background radiation and we simply can't see it with our naked eyes. If you look at the sky with a camera sensible to this radiation, the sky is definitely not as dark!"} {"category":"Biology","question":"If our body produces enzymes to break down and absorb all the major constituents of our food, what is it exactly that makes up our faeces?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If our body produces enzymes to break down and absorb all the major constituents of our food, what is it exactly that makes up our faeces?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's the stuff that we don't have enzymes to break down. Most notably, cellulose which is what we may call fibre."} {"category":"Technology","question":"If cables transfer data in \"1\/0\" by being \"on\/off\" with electricity, what's the difference between cables? Like what happens in an HDMI that doesn't happen in an aux cord?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If cables transfer data in \"1\/0\" by being \"on\/off\" with electricity, what's the difference between cables? Like what happens in an HDMI that doesn't happen in an aux cord?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's how digital cables work. By chance you've actually picked a digital (HDMI) and an analogue (AUX) cable in your question. An analogue cable transmits data in a continuous flow where it changes the voltage over time. A digital cable, like you described, sends pulses of electricity to represent distinct ons and offs. But I assume your question is asking how do different types of digital cable differ to each other? And the answer is mostly in how they format the data in order to represent it in ons and offs - different methods are referred to as protocols. A standard HDMI cable for example has 19 pins. Each one is used to send different information through the wire so that on the other end they can collectively be understood."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do plants die if you give them too much water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do plants die if you give them too much water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Roots need air to breath and create nutrients for the plant. There are air pockets in the soil for the roots to reach. When watering, the roots are covered in water and absorb it. If the water is not absorbed or drained enough, after a while, the plant will start to \"drown\" for the roots cannot access air pockets. There are more infos there if I'm allowed to link it; URL_0"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Do things which are 'mentally exhausting' actually make you require more sleep? Do I need the same amount of sleep between laying in bed all day vs going to work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Do things which are 'mentally exhausting' actually make you require more sleep? Do I need the same amount of sleep between laying in bed all day vs going to work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You won\u2019t require significantly more sleep, but you will require more food. The brain is a huge energy consumer so if you are using your mental capacities a lot you will need to make sure it has enough glucose. I believe a more common reason to sleep for a long time is if you\u2019re making up for bad or little sleep the night before. Edit: ketones are important as an energy source as well as glucose."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are my muscles sore after jumping in cold water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are my muscles sore after jumping in cold water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"From what I understand, our bodies defenses against hypothermia is to shiver. This involves involuntary muscle contractions to generate heat. These muscles contractions still can cause muscle soreness just like working out."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do house numbers work (in the US)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do house numbers work (in the US)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I know that when I worked for telco, we relied on the electric company. It seemed like once they got their own power meter, it was official. Probably other steps before that though. But worst case scenario, someone at your power company may be able to give you further guidance. Hopefully it is a start!"} {"category":"Technology","question":"why is cybercrime so hard to stop?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is cybercrime so hard to stop?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because nobody really cares about cybersecurity except for nerds like me who see the face of normal people glaze over whenever we start evangelizing. Because we're all pretty much using a bunch of technology in ways nobody ever intended, for a bunch of *ridiculously* sensitive information. Because banks and other financial institutions don't care about really verifying the identity of account holders, and so approve accounts so long as a name and SSN and a few other factors match, and don't bother with some more secure means of proving that you are who you say you are. Because it's a global problem and we don't have a world-police. Because people are the weak link in security now, and despite a ton of really good security options, they value the convenience of free wi-fi over making sure their bank account info is secure. Seriously, there are several conventions each year where infosec pros get together and bitch about how nobody else bothers to secure their shit, and talk about new ways people have found out how to exploit some bad piece of code But really it doesn't matter because people are dumb trusting monkeys by nature and if I really want someone's identity, all I have to do is ask them the right questions the right way and they'll give it to me without a second thought until it's too late (important note: I don't *do* things like identity theft, but I work IT and I have had to stop people in the middle of giving me their social security number, credit card number, online banking password, and a bunch of other sensitive information, when all I'm trying to do is fix their youtubes.)"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is projective geometry and why do parallel lines intersect in it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is projective geometry and why do parallel lines intersect in it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's geometry accounting for perspective projection. Imagine standing on railroad tracks that vanish in the distance. The tracks are parallel but appear to converge\/intersect on the horizon."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why does it feel like time goes by faster while one is having fun?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does it feel like time goes by faster while one is having fun?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Unfortunately, we don't really know. This is just one of the many great mysteries of the brain. The best theory we seem to have so far is simply that your perception of time is... your perception of time: The more you pay attention to the passage of time, the slower it seems to go. You can test this right now: Watch your clock and wait for 1 minute to pass. Do it without a second hand (on a digital clock or something). Note that it feels like it takes way longer for that minute to pass than you expected it to. When you're bored, you notice time passing because you keep checking the time to see whether it's time for you to not be bored anymore. When you're having fun, you're not checking the time."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how does a country like the USA produce exactly as much electricity as needed at all times. Where does excess power go when not needed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does a country like the USA produce exactly as much electricity as needed at all times. Where does excess power go when not needed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One one side, you regulate the output of your powerplants to meet demand. That can be complicated with some plants, so the system is set up that you have base load plants, that will essentially run at constant production, mostly nuclear and coal, and peak load plants, which can react quickly to changing demand, that is mostly gas. On another side, you can store excess production. That's done with pumped storage plants. Excess energy is used to pump water into an uphill reservoir, from which it can be quickly released downhill through a water turbine to produce electricity again when the need is there. Overall, it's a fine balancing game between all the different sources and the changing demand. But the folks running that game have lots of statistical data on how demand changes over time and can predict what they have to do based on that."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do we actually know what colours other animals can or can't see?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we actually know what colours other animals can or can't see?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The rods and cones in your eyes contain dyes, which are the chemicals that do the light sensing. A dye is just a molecule that absorbs a very specific frequency of light. This makes them a particular color, and you can literally just measure the light reflected by these dyes to see what color they absorb. These molecules also bleach as they absorb light (which is how they adapt to brighter light), so you can also see what color light you have to shine on them to make them change color."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How does sleep deprivation cause brain damage?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does sleep deprivation cause brain damage?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sleep actually lets your brain flush out a bunch of toxic stuff that builds up over the course of a day. If you go too long without sleeping, you get too much of those toxins and they start hurting the parts of your brain that they're stuck inside."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do scientist have records of temperature from 1,000 of years ago when there wasn't technology?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do scientist have records of temperature from 1,000 of years ago when there wasn't technology?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One of the ways they do this is by looking at layers of ice in the arctic, different CO2 and temperatures can be seen in how the ice was melted and refroze"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we find certain songs \"catchy\" over others? What causes these songs to get stuck in our head all day?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we find certain songs \"catchy\" over others? What causes these songs to get stuck in our head all day?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are several reasons to why we like a song and most of them are cultural and have to do with our experience. I'll start with an example: a person from India who has mostly listened to ragas will find Beethovens 9th symphony very boring and flat and find all symphonies very simialar while a westerner will find ragas are a complicated series of rithms (bars can have a time signature of 17\/8 and stuff like that) and eventually also find them all very alike. That's because the complexity of each kind of music es based in different parameters and all the dynamics of a certain music are only perceptible by a trained listener. Also, the fact that you can associate certain sounds with emotions like happiness or melancholy or suspense, has to do just with what you have taught yourself by listening and associating sounds with images\/situations\/emotions all your life, but you are not born with this associations. Also, a song as we know it was developed no more that 300 yeas ago. Medieval music was just one melody but the concept of armony, the understanding of the relations between music notes sounding at the same time was not part of western culture. Then the renascence brought polyphony, but as a series of melodies (contrapunctus) that don't produce \"chords\", they produced a complex net of sound that to us sounds kind of flat because it has no harmonic direction, it goes nowhere cuz there is no one melody more important than the other. With the arrival of the reform of the church and the baroque there was also a big aesthetic change, there was an intention to make music less complicated and get the message home (religious). So just then the concept of harmony\/melody was created. This concept is what we call the tonal system. It was brought to perfection by the musicians of the classic period, exceptionally good example is Mozart, he just knew the system up and down. Then later the romantics and expressionists created music that would go further than just sound good or happy or sad, they wanted to create music that would express complex emotions like anxiety or terror so they created a database of relationships between music and complex things that now is the basics for all the music you hear in movies, parts of star wars sound track is a rip off of Stravinsky's rite of spring. So that said, nothing can be true about our preferences, but given that we like \"melodies\" over \"chords\" that create a \"harmony\" because of all our cultural background, I would suggest with not much certainty that the art of creating a good melody is in the ability of the composer to do good musical phrasing. For example, if i writhe only short sentences you will find what I wrote rather boring and annoying. If I write big complex sentences you will also find it annoying. A good writing mixes short and long sentences. In music, phrasing is the ability to understand the timing for starting an idea or a melody and finishing it. On the other hand, we have the tonal system deeeply learned in our heads, so we expect things to follow this aesthetic rules. Then again, if you only follow the rules and you just make music that doesn't challenge the listener then you get bored, but if you are all the time making a fool of the listener and never do what he expects then you will annoy everyone. tl;dr: It is a cultural learning we are not born with the understanding of what is a song. In the end, a good melody has to do with good timing and the right playing with the listener expectations (in my opinion)."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How are unions bad for Stocks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are unions bad for Stocks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The amount of money coming into a company is fixed by whatever products they make and what they can sell those products for. A bunch of that goes to pay for the raw materials and equipment and company expenses like insurance, utilities, etc. A bunch goes to paying employees (both direct pay and benefits). What's left can be invested in new stuff, go to shareholders, or some other more esoteric options. A union allows the employees to \"collectively bargain\" (bargain together) to get better benefits (pay, insurance, pension, etc.) than they otherwise would have had. That increases the money going to employees so less is left to go to shareholders, because math. This annoys shareholders, which can make the stock go down. Done correctly, a union can actually \\*increase\\* employee productivity and satisfaction enough to offset the cost increase and the company can do great (see: Southwest Airlines), in which case the shareholders also do great. Done incorrectly, it can suck so much money out of the company that nothing is left to invest or go to shareholders and you end up bankrupt (see: General Motors, United Airlines). Note: unions were NOT the sole factor in any of these cases, just one of many. I'm just pointing out that success\/failure can happen with or without a union."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does playing music in the background of a social gathering put people at ease, allowing them to talk more comfortably whilst removing that awkward feeling?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does playing music in the background of a social gathering put people at ease, allowing them to talk more comfortably whilst removing that awkward feeling?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Maybe simple because when there's only silence, whenever you start talking, you feel like everyone is listening to what you're saying and so you feel some pressure. When there's music, you feel like what you're about to say isn't going to be the instant focus of everybody in the room."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do movies go from the raw footage (film or digital) to 4K?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do movies go from the raw footage (film or digital) to 4K?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"With digital recordings, the raw footage is usually higher quality than 4K (IIRC, 8K is fairly common). For final release, you just render the video in the release quality and write it to the DVD or blu-ray (or digital download\/streaming service). With film, we're lucky because film is actually very high quality. People tend to think film has low quality because back in film days, the film *duplication and distribution* technologies were not-so-great, making the version in theaters of lower quality. To go from a film recording to a 4K digital video, you essentially put each frame of the film into a digital scanner (like the one in a multifunction printer) and make sure they line up with software. You can optionally use software to remove defects in the film from the digital file. You then send the scanned images off to be written to the DVD, bluray, etc."} {"category":"Biology","question":". Why are you told to \u201cput your arms up\u201d when you\u2019re choking?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n . Why are you told to \u201cput your arms up\u201d when you\u2019re choking?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some people think raising your arms raises your diaphragm and helps you breath when your coughing. If you're actually choking and can't breath at all, you're better off making the sign for choking: putting your hands around your neck."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How can the chance of rain be 10% when it\u2019s pouring outside?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can the chance of rain be 10% when it\u2019s pouring outside?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Forecasts are done over an area, not a point location. It might be raining at your location but not 2 blocks from you. The percentage is the chance of some place in the area of the city or whatever defined region getting rained on."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"What chemical makes a leaf or a flower a certain colour?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What chemical makes a leaf or a flower a certain colour?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"chemical(s) - there probably a few dozen to hundreds but I'll just list the main 3 classes. Chlorophyll is the main one everyone knows since it's green and involved with how plant get energy. There's actually chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B that are slightly different colors where B a bit more yellowish. For oranges\/yellow - the main structures are carotenoids like beta carotene; same structure that makes carrots and oranges look orange. For Reds, purples, and a few oddball colors - anthocyanins; which are a class that you would notice pretty much any plant that isn't orange, yellow, green (lets just say a colored flower petal or a strawberry). Anthocyanins are pretty unique that their color is based on both structure AND pH so they tend to have a fairly wide range of colors. If you're looking for a relationship they all have something called \"conjugated double bonds\" in their structure; it's just two double bonds separated by a single bond in organic chemistry. Technically all compounds can absorb light but something about conjugated double bonds seems to absorb visible light most of the time."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Would deep sea caves have normal air pressure so that humans could live in them or would they have the same pressure as the water at the depth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Would deep sea caves have normal air pressure so that humans could live in them or would they have the same pressure as the water at the depth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They have the same pressure as the water. If it were less, the water would flood in (squeezing the air) until it equalized. FYI, people can breathe pressurized air. But health problems can occur."} {"category":"Other","question":"why we sell gas by the volume but not mass, unlike in avionics and auto racing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why we sell gas by the volume but not mass, unlike in avionics and auto racing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Planes and race cars care about how much weight they're moving around as it has a significant impact on performance. A plane needs more power to get more weight off the ground so extra mass is a problem for it if you happen to fuel it on a cold day Passenger cars don't care as much about added mass, and people know they have a 10 or 12 or 15 gallon fuel tank, not a 64, 96, or 128 pound fuel tank. We generally measure liquids by volume not mass, you can see this with baking instructions too We also don't meticulously temperature control gasoline. Put it in a big underground tank and it'll stay around the same temperature all year long. Even if it does go through temperature swings, it doesn't change in density that much. At 0C gasoline is 1.8% denser than at 15C, and at 30C it is 2% less dense than at 15C, that's not a huge swing"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Aside from being a precursor to a possible recession, what does it actually mean when they say the ten year yield is below the two year rate?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Aside from being a precursor to a possible recession, what does it actually mean when they say the ten year yield is below the two year rate?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It means if you lock in your money for ten years, you will earn a lower interest rate than if you invest for two years."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why when I'm thinking of something sour, my saliva comes out?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why when I'm thinking of something sour, my saliva comes out?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's an evolutionary adaptation to protect your teeth from acidic foods. The response is to increase the amount of saliva in your mouth to help mitigate the damage by diluting the acid that's about to enter your mouth. Your brain thinks you're about to eat something sour so it primes your mouth to protect your teeth."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How did Isaac Newton just invent Calculus?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did Isaac Newton just invent Calculus?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Short answer... Pretty much on a dare. He wanted to explain why the moon orbits earth. (And other physical phenomena) There is some controversy about it since Leibniz claimed to have invented it first. I'm fact crude version of specific calculus applications were already in use. Newton applied calculus to generic physics problems, Leibniz to more abstract concepts. Calculus is the next logical step in mathematics once you understand algebra. It is a huge step nonetheless. If you study something simple such as a parabolic shot you can understand how to calculate the distance the projectile will land. but some calculations become a little difficult with simple algebra but trivial with calculus. For instance calculate the highest point the projectile will reach and the exact time when this will happen."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does the shower curtain always suck in towards you when showering?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the shower curtain always suck in towards you when showering?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Everyone in this thread is being sonewhat misleading. There are several competing theories but none is definitively the right one. URL_0"} {"category":"Other","question":"How do gambling odds work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do gambling odds work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Different types mean different things. You'll often see an American football game that has point spreads with both sides at -110. This means you have to bet 110 dollars to win 100. To win the bet you have to \"cover the spread\". If the Packers are favored by 4 over the Cowboys and you bet on the Packers, the Packers have to win by more than 4 for you to win that bet. If you bet on the Cowboys, they have to either win, or lose by less than 4 to win the bet. If the Packers win by exactly 4, the bet is off and you just get your money back. Then there is the moneyline. This is more common in baseball betting, but you can do it in basketball or football too if you want. With the moneyline there's no point spread, and you are just picking the winner. There will be a number listed that's the odds. If it is+200, you have to bet 100 to win 200, meaning if you bet 100 and you win, they'll give you your money back plus 200 bucks. A team with these odds would be an underdog. If it is -200, you have to bet 200 bucks to win 100. This team would be the favorite. In some contests where the two opponents are lopsided, and it's extremely likely one of them will win, you might see a line that's -1500 for the favorite, or +1500 for the underdog. Then you have regular odds bets. These are most common used for horse betting and futures bets. It might say 4\/1, meaning you bet a dollar, and if you win you get your dollar back plus 4 bucks."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How are aliens expected to decode the golden record on Voyager 1 and 2?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are aliens expected to decode the golden record on Voyager 1 and 2?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The golden record tries to take that into account. It has a number of aspects of math that are assumed to be universal along side how we notate that in our language. It then tries to define our units of measure using things we assume to be constant across the universe - eg. the gram is defined based on the atomic weight of hydrogen. The hope is that an intelligent species would realize the record is from another intelligent species and would be able to decode it; it is accepted that this process will take some effort, but assuming that their laws of physics and chemistry are the same as ours, it would be possible."} {"category":"Biology","question":"how do animals find water sources set by humans?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do animals find water sources set by humans?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don\u2019t. What they do know is that this is a New Thing. New Things are worth investigating, because they might be food (or, conversely, might be a threat that needs to be dealt with.) When investigating, they discover that this New Thing contains water. Lucky day! They find them in the first place because most animals keep territories they patrol (for, say, food, or rivals to chase away). They just happen across it when they\u2019re patrolling."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"What makes certain images of faces or places look scary?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What makes certain images of faces or places look scary?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Instinctive fear of dying. Or conditioned fear of dying. If a face looks odd enough, you become fearful, kicking in your flight or fight. The face could be of a person from an unknown, hostile tribe. If the face is grotesque enough, it may remind you of something decaying and your instincts tell you to avoid it as it might be infectious. You can also condition yourself to fear triggers. A scary looking house\u2014a southern style mansion with overgrowth\u2014probably would look amazing and inviting to a person living in the 17th century. It\u2019s scary to you because you\u2019ve seen movies where a house like that is full of ghosts and danger."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does bread get tough when left outside a bag\/box for some time, but crackers get soft in the same situation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does bread get tough when left outside a bag\/box for some time, but crackers get soft in the same situation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Bread has a lot of moisture (google says 40%). So, leaving it out leads to the liquid evaporating out and drying out the bread. Crackers have very little moisture, that's why they can last much longer than bread. So, when you leave them out, they absorb the moisture from the surrounding environment."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is that sinking feeling you experience when you get terrible news?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is that sinking feeling you experience when you get terrible news?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's your body's fight or flight response. You pump blood away from organs used for eating\/digesting\/other bodily processes, and towards muscles and extremities used to run or fight. This gives your stomach that classic sinking feeling."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is ACID compliance in the database?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is ACID compliance in the database?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"ACID stands for: - Atomicity: it can manage a set of operations as a single \"unit\", so either everything succeeds or everything is aborted and comes back to the previous state - Consistency: basically, things are only saved if they respect all kinds of requirements defined by the database administrator - Isolation: you can have 10 people working on the same database simultaneously and the resulting state is exactly the one you expect if those 10 people worked on the database one by one - Durability.Things are actually saved in a non-volatile memory (so not just in RAM)."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why is music so powerfully linked to emotion?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is music so powerfully linked to emotion?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"My guess is when you previously listen to music thats labelled sad or happy, your brain usually recognizes the traits of said music and relate it with being sad or happy. Im not really that knowledgable but its my guess. It could be genetics too im not sure."} {"category":"Economics","question":"With the amount of helium running out, why are we still selling canisters for balloons?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n With the amount of helium running out, why are we still selling canisters for balloons?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I was at an aeronautics conference recently and there was a lot of talk about helium airships. The question of helium came up, and nobody seemed worried. Even if helium airships become the norm, we have enough helium in readily available states worldwide to last until at least 2100. Helium is a by product of mining natural gas, but because we have so much of it right now it's not worth storing. When we start running out (which, again, is a long time from now), we will begin mining it again. Yes, there's a limited supply on earth, but that limit is far far away. We'll be exploring space by the time we run out of helium, and there's plenty of helium in space. **Edit**: Just to be clear, the 2100 estimate is for our *current* supply. That is, assuming we cease all extraction efforts. There is still way more helium in the earth than we have ever touched in the history of mankind. There are also many more deposits. **We are not going to run out in 2100.** **Edit**^(2): Some articles. [Forbes, 2015]( URL_8 ) \"We're as likely to run out of helium as we all are to starve to death because we've eaten the bacon in the refrigerator, meaning that we cannot ever have breakfast again.\" This article also debunks the claims that we'll run out in 25-30 years (which is what most articles pick up on). The current market prices will rise in 25-30 years; there's still a lot of helium. [ URL_2 , 2015]( URL_4 ) \"So while it\u2019s true that the U.S. supply of helium may be dwindling, that doesn\u2019t mean we\u2019re in any immediate danger of losing this precious element.\" [Penn State University, 2013]( URL_7 ), [Wired Magazine, 2016]( URL_3 ), [Forbes, 2016]( URL_5 ), [NewAtlas, 2015]( URL_0 ), [Forbes again, 2012]( URL_6 ), and [National Post, 2016]( URL_1 )."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How can a pill that weighs couple grams at most, cost $763 which makes the box of 21 over $16,000 dollars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can a pill that weighs couple grams at most, cost $763 which makes the box of 21 over $16,000 dollars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A regular person can\u2019t. Drug companies inflate the price of their drugs because insurance will either \u201cpay\u201d a large majority of the price, or will negotiate a lower price for the drug. The reason that drug companies feel that they are able to justify the prices is due to their R & D work and testing on the product. If they spend years developing their drugs, they feel justified in charging large amounts of money to recover their expenses. The U.S insurance system makes it so that they can work together to inflate prices, and then negotiate lower prices for the consumer."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do websites generate so much revenue from ads when most of us hardly click them. Wouldn't that be a loss to the the original company investing in ads when most of them are left unclicked?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do websites generate so much revenue from ads when most of us hardly click them. Wouldn't that be a loss to the the original company investing in ads when most of them are left unclicked?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So there are generally 2 types of advertisements on the internet. Pay-per-click (PPC), and Pay-per-impression (PPM), and they work on two different theories. PPC ads are just that. You might see that ad on a website, but the website owner doesn't make any money until somebody clicks the ad. Because of this, smart website owners who host PPC ads try to target which ads appear so that it's things that will work for their visitors. (example: a camera review site might have ads for cameras, and adobe ads for photoshop. Both things that are in the sphere of their target audience) PPM ads work on a different theory - that if you repeatedly are exposed to a brand\/product, that you'll develop more interest over time. It can take several times before somebody really starts to gain interest in something, so PPM ads show up more to hit that \"Oh yeah, I've seen this before\" response in our brains. While the tangible click of a PPC ad is not there, it's a brand awareness type thing so is effective in less quantifiable ways. You tend to see PPM ads more on places like FB, some of the reddit ads, etc."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What exactly is fog computing and how is it different from cloud computing? Any easy examples?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is fog computing and how is it different from cloud computing? Any easy examples?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A very rudimentary definition would be a network between devices and the cloud that helps do a lot of the computing to speed things up. For instance: The IoT (Internet of Things) is getting so dependent on other devices (think self driving cars talking to each other) that latency, speed of device and physical distance from the cloud can really throw a wrench into things. By inserting a layer of cloud just on the \u201cedge\u201d of the devices (read close), the information needed can be readily available. It\u2019s kind of like buffering. This is the really rudimentary idea behind it and it\u2019s full of holes, but it\u2019s how it\u2019s been explained to me for my business by people who want our business. So I\u2019m really explaining like I\u2019m 5, but I think you get the point. Now, let\u2019s wait for the truly brilliant Redditors to beat up my description and explain it in a much better way! Think of this description as an hors d\u2019oeuvre! TL:DR: A midway station that is physically closer than the cloud to help do the computing to speed up latency and account for distance."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How are new digits of pi discovered?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are new digits of pi discovered?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are numerous mathematical algorithms that \"converge\" to the number pi. The more \"iterations\" (i.e. the more times you apply the algorithm to the last result) that you run, the closer it gets to pi, generating more \"new digits\". For instance, try this one: 4 divided by 1 minus 4 divided by 3 plus 4 divided by 5 minus 4 divided by 7 plus 4 divided by 9 ... and so on. It converges (extremely slowly) towards pi. (4\/1 = 4. The next step subtracts 1 1\/3rd giving you 2 2\/3rds. The next step adds 4\/5ths. And so on.) The ones used for bigger pi calculations get there a lot faster, and are a lot easier for a computer to do (but harder for a human), but you get the idea."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do humans only eat food that has an organic origin? Are there any types of non organic food with high enthalpic energy that we can eat?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do humans only eat food that has an organic origin? Are there any types of non organic food with high enthalpic energy that we can eat?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sugar substitutes like Aspartame are synthetic, and can be metabolized to derive energy. They are typically designed to be sweeter than sugar and less energy rich then glucose. However, there is no reason why something more energetic than sugar cannot be designed. However, it is undoubtedly far more cheaper to use glucose from organic sources (because of its abundance) than to synthesize an energy rich molecule in large quantities. Basically, unless we discover a process of creating energy rich molecules that is more efficient and more scalable than photosynthesis, organic sources will remain cheaper. One candidate is [polyphosphate]( URL_0 ). This molecule is inorganic and can be used by cells to obtain energy."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does ice stick to your tongue?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does ice stick to your tongue?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your cells have water in them, your tongue has saliva coating it. When the cold ice touches the saliva it causes it to freeze to the ice (which is a crystal structure) and the saliva then freezes the water in the cells. Because of the crystalline structure the ice \u201cbonds\u201d with your tongue and gets stuck."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"why do we forget what we need when we enter\/leave a room?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do we forget what we need when we enter\/leave a room?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Basically each room is like a new environment so like emerging from a wooded area into a grassland and with the change of environment your brain activity increases as it thinks about all that happens in the new environment and any threats and opportunities, this squeezes out the brain activity for why you went in the room in the first place."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does water vaporize in the environment if it doesn't reach 100\u00b0C?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does water vaporize in the environment if it doesn't reach 100\u00b0C?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"100\u00b0C is the boiling point of water, but boiling and vaporization mean different things. Vaporization is any time a particle escapes from a substance to become a gas. Since temperature is the average of particle speed, some particles will have enough velocity to escape from the surface even though the main body of liquid is below boiling temperature. Boiling, on the other hand, is when a liquid\u2019s temp is high enough that vapor pressure is higher than the liquid\u2019s internal pressure, leading to bubbles of vapor inside the liquid."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"If scientists could invent i as the square root of -1, then why can't we do that to other unknown stuff such as dividing by 0 or log 0?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If scientists could invent i as the square root of -1, then why can't we do that to other unknown stuff such as dividing by 0 or log 0?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mathematics isn't science. Mathematics doesn't have to justify itself with experimental evidence. It does, however, operate within a scheme of logic and proof. Mathematicians invent many things and define lots of new stuff all the time. Whether or not these become more widely used and accepted is how useful these mathematical objects are. If these creations make existing mathematics inconsistent and give contradictory results and don't help with progress on their particular areas of research, then they'll typically be relegated to \"interesting, but no one cares\" and never be widely adopted. In a sense, \"anyone\" can define the division by 0 to mean something (or log 0). The challenge is to show why that definition is useful and to align it to existing mathematical structures."} {"category":"Other","question":"When people colorize black and white photographs how do they know which colors people\u2019s clothes were or car colors or flowers etc?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When people colorize black and white photographs how do they know which colors people\u2019s clothes were or car colors or flowers etc?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some colours can be checked through research, like military uniforms etc. Others you make reasonable guesses. The method usually turns out pretty realistic results, even if the colours you choose aren't 100% correct. As long as you don't make obviously ridiculous choices, nobody will notice or question what they're seeing."} {"category":"Other","question":"How does a digital timetable display know how far away a train is?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a digital timetable display know how far away a train is?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This might depend on the city\/country, but in Germany works like this: There is a antenna in the front of the tram or bus (which you might be able to see) which sends a signal on a specific wavelength which includes the tram\/bus number (the number of the vehicle, not the line) and the current time as information. All over the city there are antennas catching signals of that specific wavelength. It reads which line the signal came from and also looks at the time the signal was sent and it's own current time. From that difference it calculates how much time passed since the signal was sent and since the speed of the signal is constant, it can calculate the distance the vehicle is away from that station. Now the station can't know where the train is tho, as there are many points that are that certain distance away from the antenna. To be exact, it can only say that the vehicle is on a cirle with the calculated distance as radius away from the antenna itself. So what it does is, it sends the distance it calculated and line it received to some kind of traffic center (idk how exactly you call that in English, hope you know what I mean). The center collects data from different antennas. With two antennas it can already reduce the number of possible positions to 2 (the intersections of both circles around the antenna). A third antenna is usually enough to find the exact location (just make sure the antennas don't lie on one line). I'd expect them to use more signals tho, to make sure there are no errors etc. Now that the position of the vehicle is known, the rest just works like a navigation system. The center then sends the info to the stations and trams\/busses which approach that station. So now for why it changes, I must admit, I can't answer with certainty. I could imagine two possibilities: * The signals are a bit unprecise (the time calculation and therefore the distance calculation), so even if the vehicle is standing still, the center might recieve the info it's moving a bit. If it is standing at a red light and right at the \"border\" for needing 8 and 9 minutes to the destination, that might cause that change. * The navigation part is calculated dynamically, meaning the calculated time needed from one point to another varies, depnding on how much fast the vehicle is moving in general. When it recognizes the vehicle is moving normally it might display 8 minutes needed to your station, but if it suddenly becomes very slow, the center might recognize that and expect the vehicle to continue to drive slower, therefore needing a bit more time to your station. Btw in the second case an advanced algorithm should be able to recognize whether the vehicle just had one station where it lost a lot of time (= no negative impact on the time from point A to B) or whether it's constantly moving slower than expected (= more time needed from point A to B) ."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we get into routines of shitting at the same every day? What throws these routines out of whack?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we get into routines of shitting at the same every day? What throws these routines out of whack?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Circadian clocks are responsible for daily rhythms in a wide array of processes, including gastrointestinal (GI) function. These are vital for normal digestive rhythms and overall health."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What causes the sensation of feeling your \u201cstomach drop\u201d?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes the sensation of feeling your \u201cstomach drop\u201d?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Basically, a \u201cstomach drop\u201d is actually caused by your stomach dropping. Most notably, it happens on roller coasters. On a roller coaster, after you go over the hill, you feel less weight because you are no longer being held up by the floor, so you are technically in a free fall, albeit one controlled by the roller coaster. Once the hill is over, you are no longer free falling and your stomach drops back down. [Source]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Biology","question":"A seed planted in a small basket can grow into a big flowing plant. Where does all the material come from to make the plant?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n A seed planted in a small basket can grow into a big flowing plant. Where does all the material come from to make the plant?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Out of the air, water, and soil, yes. It takes these things in and reorganizes the molecules to take their shape. Remember that inside most cells is just water, and most of the the hard material is just in the cell walls"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why WI-FI can penetrate walls but light cannot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why WI-FI can penetrate walls but light cannot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Visible light happens to be of a frequency range that interacts with a lot of solid stuff such as walls. Basically the frequency of the photons has to be in a fairly narrow range to interact with materials - anything higher or lower largely just goes through. The stuff it mostly *doesn't* interact with is called \"transparent\". Those things include for example air (and lots of other gases), glass, water (and a load of other liquids), several plastics, etc. Low frequency radio waves such as AM\/FM radio are pretty good at getting through walls. Microwaves like 2.4GHz wi-fi and 5-60GHz 5G are increasingly *bad* at getting through walls, actually. This is why your router has better range in your house in 2.4GHz mode than in 5GHz mode. The higher frequencies of 5G networks are even worse at getting through brick\/concrete. After visible light and ultraviolet, the ability of photons to go through walls starts getting better again, topping out with gamma rays which go through concrete walls like they were made of somewhat murky glass."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What exactly does fiber internet have\/provide that make it better than other types of internet (cable\/DSL\/satellite)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly does fiber internet have\/provide that make it better than other types of internet (cable\/DSL\/satellite)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well first fiber wouldn't stop at 300mbps. You could get up to 10gbps (if you have the money). So it is always faster in and of itself. However let's say you artificially throttle the fiberoptic speed so it's only transmitting at the same speed as cable. Even then it has benefits over traditional cable. In that case it has a larger bandwidth than cable. Meaning it can handle more simultaneous information without slowing down, making it great for businesses with multiple internet connected devices. Look at it like this. Traditional cable is a garden hose connected to a fire hydrant. Sure there's a lot of pressure in that tank but that hose can only let out so much water at once at max capacity. Now fiber optics is like connecting a genuine fire hose to the hydrant. So much more water is able to flow out at max speed, and even when the pressure is regulated more water will exit the end of the fire hose at once than the garden hose."} {"category":"Other","question":"What does the \"Don't tread on me\" snake flag mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does the \"Don't tread on me\" snake flag mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Side note, I saw a version of that flag that said \"Tread on me daddy\" that I thought was pretty funny."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why aren\u2019t commercial airplanes faster? Why don\u2019t we use supersonic passenger planes like the Concorde?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why aren\u2019t commercial airplanes faster? Why don\u2019t we use supersonic passenger planes like the Concorde?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Poor fuel efficiency. Drag increases dramatically when you cross the sound barrier and that means a ton more fuel. That in turn means much more expensive airline seats. If you could save 1 hour on a 3 hour flight at the cost of $400 bucks would you?"} {"category":"Economics","question":"How can the price of a commodity be negative?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can the price of a commodity be negative?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Excess supply and it\u2019s cheaper to pay to get rid of it than store it. Negative commodity price."} {"category":"Other","question":"Aren't men breaking the law by sending unsolicited dick pics?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Aren't men breaking the law by sending unsolicited dick pics?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is no law against sending an unsolicited picture of your greasy dick, unless the recipient is a minor or you are a minor. That being said, don't. 99% of the time your wrinkled chode is a turn off, and sending pictures of it to the person you're trying to chat up is the fastest way to get blocked."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does a glass of milk go so well with sugary foods?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a glass of milk go so well with sugary foods?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The fat both coats your taste buds to prevent some of the sweetness from being overpowering, while also being rich tasting on its own to enhance the flavor."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Is the heart is a muscle why doesn\u2019t it get tired like all my other muscles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is the heart is a muscle why doesn\u2019t it get tired like all my other muscles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The type of muscle the heart is made of is different. It effectively never gets tired A common question is \u201cwhy isn\u2019t all muscle made like that\u201d - the simple answer is that the energy usage would be through the roof if it were"} {"category":"Technology","question":"how the gaming console fan(s) collect dust while their are spinning rapidly all the time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how the gaming console fan(s) collect dust while their are spinning rapidly all the time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"well static electricity what causes shocks when we touch someone or a door handle is present when two rough objects touch and it increases potency the faster the friction is. well the fans spins at high speeds the air friction and friction at contacts generate a electrical charge. Basically static electricity on the fans will attract dust and as time goes that dust start to stick more and more and depending on how moist the air is (humidity) it can even clump together into a solid mass."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do we need to free up some space for software updates?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we need to free up some space for software updates?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You need space in the kitchen to bring all the groceries in, before you're able to unpack them and put them away. You need space on your device to get the updates, before it's able to unpack them and install them."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is non-Euclidean geometry, and what would it look like in the real world?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is non-Euclidean geometry, and what would it look like in the real world?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Euclidean geometry is based on a set of assumptions. Non-euclidean geometry is anything that doesn't use those assumptions. Most of the assumptions are about triangles. So think about drawing triangles on a paper. There are certain things that are true like the sum of angles and intersections and so forth. Most people take a whole semister in high school about triangles on paper. This is within Euclidean geometry. Now imagine drawing triangles on an orange. You could have a normal triangle with three 90 degree corners so some of the rules change. There would be another set of rules for this space. Now imagine drawing triangles on a toilet paper roll. There would be yet another set of rules different than the first two cases here. None of the three are wrong or incorrect, just different rules based on different initial assumptions. And you don't have to use \"curved space\", but curving space is an easy way to break the Euclidean assumptions. Scifi usually points to non-Euclidean geometry as a way to work outside of normal logic. Similar to multiverse or some quantum phenomena. And by saying 'non-euclidean' they don't ever have to actually specify. It's a nice way out of the many paradoxes that scifi gets itself into."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do our human noses decide to randomly close up or congest for weeks\/months even when the person isn\u2019t sick?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do our human noses decide to randomly close up or congest for weeks\/months even when the person isn\u2019t sick?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not random. Your nasal passages are swollen, either from allergens or infection. If it lasts more than a few days, it's an infection, go see a doctor."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does the human body's own immune response make your own body swollen and painful??","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the human body's own immune response make your own body swollen and painful??","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Pain is mostly a protective thing: if a body part hurts you, you tend to use it less thus reducing mechanical stress and strein for faster healing. The swelling is due to the increased flux of fluids carrying what you need to heal: immune cells, chemicals, water, blood."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why are the shifts between phases of matter so sudden? Why aren\u2019t there transitional phases?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are the shifts between phases of matter so sudden? Why aren\u2019t there transitional phases?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well for the familiar three phases, you can think about how matter in general should behave Matter when it sticks together Matter when it does not stick together and Matter in an inbetween phase The first describes solids The second describes gases The third describes liquids It's sort of hard to imagine any other traditional phase existing. As far as the shifts, they aren't particularly sudden Temperature changes until the phase change temperature is reached Then temperature stops changing. Any additional energy transfer goes into actually causing the phase change. Once all of the matter has changed phase, then the temperature can begin changing again."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What are the reasons that make a flame go blue or yellow? What happens to it's light exactly to shift perceptible colour?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the reasons that make a flame go blue or yellow? What happens to it's light exactly to shift perceptible colour?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on the degree of chemical combustion. Complete combustion (lots of oxygen) makes a near transparent\/blue flame from production of nearly exclusively CO2. Incomplete combustion (not enough oxygen) makes carbon, CO and some CO2. The imperfections cause the flame to be yellow and give off smoke"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does multiplying two negative numbers equal a positive?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does multiplying two negative numbers equal a positive?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Multiplication is just adding something many times. 6 * X just means 6+6+...+6 with X 6s. So 6 * 3 is 6+6+6 or 18. It's the same for negative numbers. -6 * X just means (-6)+(-6)+...+(-6) with X 6s. So (-6) x 3 is (-6)+(-6)+(-6) or 18. Now let's lower the multiplication factor 1 by 1... With + 6 we get: 6 * 3 = 18 6*2 = 12 6*1 = 6 It LOWERS by 6 every time because we have one less 6 so logically 6*0 becomes 6, 6*(-1) becomes -6, 6*(-2) becomes -12 etc. So in the same way with negative numbers it goes: -6 * 3 = -18 -6 * 2 = -12 -6 * 1 = -6 It keeps going up and continues! -6 * 0 = 0 -6 * -1 = 6 -6 * -2 = 12 And voila."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why can we see shockwaves, and when we see them, what exactly are we really seeing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can we see shockwaves, and when we see them, what exactly are we really seeing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A shockwave changes the density of the air, basically turning it into a sort of lens. Light changes direction whenever it passes through a different medium, which is why looking through a glass of water makes things behind it look weird. By compressing and then decompressing the air, the shockwave can bend the light passing through it, making it visible to us."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Are objects in free fall weightless? Why?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Are objects in free fall weightless? Why?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"While the objects are \"weightless\" in the sense that if you had an object on a scale in an elevator and the elevator went into free fall the scale would read 0. However, the objects in free fall continue to have mass and are affected by gravity (they are being accelerated by it)."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How many degrees does the sun move over the horizon every hour?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How many degrees does the sun move over the horizon every hour?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"15 degrees. There's 24 hours for 360 degrees of horizon (assuming one day = one sidereal day). 360\/24 = 15 degrees per hour. This is assuming our observer is on the Equator and Earth has no tilting."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does multiplying an even amount of negative numbers make a positive result?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does multiplying an even amount of negative numbers make a positive result?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Multiplying by a negative acts as a toggle switch. On-off-on-off. Every 2 switches you are back to the original side."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What does it mean to build equity? Not just in businesses but also with homes and other assets.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does it mean to build equity? Not just in businesses but also with homes and other assets.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Accounting uses a key equation when talking about items you own: Assets - Liabilities = Equity Assets: Items of value. It can be a house, a car, money you are owed, branding, etc. Anything that you possess - real or intangible - that has monetary value. Liabilities: Debt. Credit cards, bank loans, accounts payable, etc. Any money you owe to others Equity: How much value belongs to you. When you look at the value of all of your assets, minus the debts that you owe to others, you end up with how much of the value of that 'stuff' is yours. So, when you 'build equity' you are simply increasing the solution to the above equation - making the equity number bigger. You can do that by either increasing the value of the asset (say, home improvements) or by decreasing the value of the liability (by paying off your mortgage)."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why hasn't the voice quality of phone calls improved?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why hasn't the voice quality of phone calls improved?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a legacy thing. IIRC, Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) have 3 KHertz of bandwidth allocated. That's because back in the day, Bell Labs determined that was enough to provide an adequate voice telephone call. According to Wikipedia, POTS is \"restricted to a narrow frequency range of 300\u20133,300 Hz, called the voiceband, which is much less than the human hearing range of 20\u201320,000 Hz\". So still, a voice call being routed through the system gets that much bandwidth. It really wouldn't help if one provider increased it, since it would get cut down at any place in the system that still used the old 3 KHz (including in the phone's firmware itself). If everyone agreed to increase POTS bandwith to something like 8KHz or 10KHz, voice calls would have significantly better audio quality. But good luck getting that to happen."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is access to clean drinking water considered a human right but not access to quality food?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is access to clean drinking water considered a human right but not access to quality food?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Dirty water can kill you in a few days. Low quality food will do it too but takes way longer and it is easier to handle."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is there such a fuss going on right now with 5g cell service? How does 5g work and what are it's benefits\/drawbacks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there such a fuss going on right now with 5g cell service? How does 5g work and what are it's benefits\/drawbacks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"5G is the newest \"update\" to the service we currently get on our cell phones. It's faster (almost 10x as fast in some places) and covers a wider area. That being said, it has not yet been perfected and dropped signals are common. Also, there is a conspiracy theory that 5G created COVID-19 which is wrong."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do pillows and mattresses turn yellow over the years?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do pillows and mattresses turn yellow over the years?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It is your sweat and drool. The discoloring is from many many nights of you seeping bodily fluids on to your mattress. The minerals and salts you sweat out cause it. Like layers and layers of dust on floors which are never cleaned."} {"category":"Physics","question":"There are colors beyond our comprehension?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n There are colors beyond our comprehension?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We have little sensors in our eyeballs that respond to different wavelengths of light. Our brain interprets different mixes of these little sensors firing off as the 'colour'. Colour is our subjective interpretation of this sensor data. Animals that can see different wavelengths of light have different sensors. The colour of infrared or ultra-violet to them would be their brain's subjective interpretation of this sensor data. We can't see these colours because evolution has not deemed it necessary for our survival, ergo we never developed the sensors to do it."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why were old photographs recorded in black and white? Why was color more difficult?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why were old photographs recorded in black and white? Why was color more difficult?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Black and white film uses light sensitive silver, color film uses multiple different types of chemicals that were not discovered until much later."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do GPS satellites work and how does relativity effect them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do GPS satellites work and how does relativity effect them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Each GPS satellite transmits a signal that includes pseudorandom code and the state vector of the satellite. The same signal is generated by the GPS receiver. When the two signals are compared, the one from the satellite will be found to lag behind the one of the receiver because of the time it took for the signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver. This will indicate that the receiver is somewhere on the sphere that surrounds the satellite and is of a radius equal to the travel distance of the signal. Repeat this process with another satellite and we will have narrowed down the location to the doughnut formed by the intersection of the two spheres. Repeat with a third satellite and we will have narrowed the location of the receiver to two possible points. Often one of these points will be illogical so the solution can be defined. Sometimes a fourth satellite is needed. As for relativity it's pretty boring: the satellites are built to run at 10.22999999543 MHz on the ground so that when they're in orbit under the influence of velocity time dilation (special relativity) and a slightly larger amount of negative gravitational time dilation (general relativity), they will run at 10.23 MHz."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are headlights on automobiles pointing more upwards and towards other drivers than towards the road?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are headlights on automobiles pointing more upwards and towards other drivers than towards the road?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You need them pointed high enough to illuminate road signs at night. All those road sign paints are \"retroreflective\", they send light back the same direction it came in from, but you need some illumination on them to see them. A properly aimed headlight should be aimed slightly down to illuminate the road for several hundred feet in front of the vehicle, but you need side and up lobes bright enough to illuminate parked cars, other cars, signs, etc. The brightest part shouldn't be aimed at other drivers...that's why high beams look so much brighter, they \\*are\\* aimed way closer to other drivers."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What is important, practically, about the speed of an electron?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is important, practically, about the speed of an electron?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One huge application that I could think of is for particle accelerators, both for using electrons as the colliding particles as well as measuring the fragments that come off after the collision. For these accelerators, you need to know the speed of the electron to know what energies your beamline is at. That way, when you measure the particles that come off, you can reconstruct everything using conservation of energy and momentum. If you're trying to discover a new particle, you absolutely have to know the initial and final energies (and thus the velocities of all of the particles involved) to be able to determine the mass of that particle. Two examples of very famous accelerators that mainly use\/used electrons (and positrons) are the Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC) and the Large Electron-Positron collider (LEP). These two experiments made very important discoveries regarding new particles that would have been impossible if they didn't know how fast their electrons were going."} {"category":"Biology","question":"does 100% of the water you drink turns into sweat and bodily fluids or is there a % that will never be liquid water again?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n does 100% of the water you drink turns into sweat and bodily fluids or is there a % that will never be liquid water again?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Is there a percent that will *never ever* be water again? No. There are very few absolute rules about what will never ever happen. But to answer your question from a somewhat less absolute point of view, yes some water is not excreted but is incorporated into various biological molecules. When you break down protein, for example, you break it down into smaller molecules called amino acids. In the protein the amino acids are bonded together with peptide bonds, where the last atom of one amino acid (C) is bonded to the first atom of the next (N). So it goes aminoacid-C-N-aminoacid. To break down the protein, water is used to split that C-N bond, and it becomes aminoacid-C-OH + H-N-aminoacid. So you can see that the water molecule (H2O or H-O-H) was split into an -OH and an H-, so basically that water molecule has been incorporated into two now separate amino acids. In this way, water is not excreted but is rather incorporated into other molecules."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is and how does the md5 checksum of a file work? What makes a checksum so feliable to know if your file is the good one?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is and how does the md5 checksum of a file work? What makes a checksum so feliable to know if your file is the good one?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The MD5 algorithm is a member of a special class of function called a \"cryptographic hash function.\" What this means is that, for any data of any length, you can use the hash function to convert it into a piece of data of fixed size, that is (*very generally speaking, see below*) unique to the file that created it. You also cannot tell, by looking at the hash, what file was used to create it. This checksum lets you do something very important: verify (mostly, see below) that a file has not been changed. The reason this works is because even a small change to the input drastically changes the output of the function, so if someone says \"I'm sending you a file; its checksum is such and such,\" and you download the file and its checksum is *different,* that means it suffered corruption in transit, whether malicious or not. IMPORTANT: MD5 should not be used anymore, because its cryptography has been broken. It's weak to a couple of different attacks, which render it unable to do what it's supposed to do."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do bananas grow naturally with a consistent curve and not straight out?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do bananas grow naturally with a consistent curve and not straight out?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Bananas grow in the direction opposite to gravity. As the flower faces towards the ground, the banana starts growing vertically facing downwards, and the negative gravitropism effect makes it curve upwards away from the ground. The wikipedia page for gravitropism has a great [gif]( URL_0 ) explaining this."} {"category":"Biology","question":"where the fuck seedless fruits seeds came from??","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n where the fuck seedless fruits seeds came from??","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There aren't any. Seedless fruit were genetically engineered, and then we just started cloning the plants. This is also done with other plants (all Fiji Apples are clones of *the* Fiji Apple) and has caused some problems. Until the 1950's, the entire planet ate Gros Michel bananas. Because they were genetically identical, they were all wiped out in a wave of banana disease, bringing that type of banana to extinction. Thing is, artificial banana flavoring was based on the Gros Michel banana, not the modern banana that replaced it, which is fly banana flavoring \"doesn't taste like bananas\""} {"category":"Technology","question":"When you charge a device from your car, is it pretty much \"free\" energy? If not, how much does it cost compared to plugging it in at home?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you charge a device from your car, is it pretty much \"free\" energy? If not, how much does it cost compared to plugging it in at home?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"No. It comes from your car battery. The cost just comes from your gas bill rather than your electricity bill. In fact, considering that cars are less efficient than giant power plants burning coal, you are spending *more*. But even so, the costs of charging your phone will be in the dollars per year, so it won't matter much."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How are calories in foods\/drinks calculated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are calories in foods\/drinks calculated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In the old days they used a device called a bomb calorimeter to burn the food and measure how much it changed the temperature of a known volume of water. Not sure if that's still the case."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why modern animated cartoons don't look as good as Tom and Jerry that was made in 1940?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why modern animated cartoons don't look as good as Tom and Jerry that was made in 1940?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cartooning is very labor intensive work. These days it varies a little but when you film with a camera, you record 24 frames per second. That means one second of film consists of 24 images. If you're making a cartoon, that means you need 24 drawings for every second of motion picture you want. That is a huge amount of work, which is why cartoonists like to cheat. Most old school animation was animated on 2's. That means that every drawing is displayed on screen for 2 consecutive frames. Now you only need to draw 12 images to fill a second of motion picture at 24 frames per second. What makes modern animation look worse than 1940's animation is that animators tend to 'cheat' a lot more than they used to. In the golden age of animation, the entire character was animated. Full body animations with lots of bounce, stretch and squash effects to exaggerate body motions and such. Characters also tended to be very energetic with lots of slapstick physical humour. Most modern cartoon characters are animated in a way that minimises motion. There's lots of shots and scenes for instance where almost the entire character is static and only the character's mouth and eyes are animated as it speaks. Think of scenes that are full of dialogue with the view just switching back and forth between characters that are mostly static. Or anime type scenes where the action is either so fast that motions only take a few frames of animation or the character is simply 'powering up' with lots of flashy background animations but no real body animation. Most modern animation shows are also a lot skimpier on the frames. Where looney toons might animate on two's (each frame is displayed twice in a row), many modern animations are animated on fours or even fives and sixes, so less frames have to be drawn. There's a ton of examples of how you can cheat in animation to speed up production but the short of it is that the old school way of doing it basically meant putting in a ton of labour. And we mostly don't want to do that anymore because it's too expensive and slow."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the difference between real and imaginary numbers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between real and imaginary numbers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"Imaginary\" is a bad word for them because they definitely exist, they're just part of the complex plane. Imagine the number line, which contains all \"real\" numbers going off left and right into infinity. Left is negative, right is positive. Take a step to the right and you're at 1, a step to the left and you're at -1. Now imagine you take a step *forward* instead of left or right. Or you take a step backwards. You're going *somewhere*, you're going to a number - a number that definitely \"exists\" but it's not on this line that contains all \"real\" numbers. So when you take one step forward, it's not in the 1 direction, it's in the i direction. A step backwards is in the -i direction. Two steps is 2i, then 3i, etc. You have another number line that stretches forward and backward to infinity, which is the \"imaginary\" number line. When you put them together, you get the complex plane: that is, if you take three steps to the right and four steps forward, your position can't be described just by the real or imaginary number line, it's at 3+4i. You can do this again with the \"up\/down\" direction and create another number line that isn't real *or* imaginary numbers, that goes into three dimensions. Those are *quaternions* - units of numbers that are further into complex dimentions. The new line is marked with j, then k...and you can just keep going into more and more dimensions. [Relevant Numberphile]( URL_0 ) EDIT: A word, and I'm bad at math."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"why does the moon appear larger earlier in the night, when it\u2019s \u201crising\u201d as opposed to later in the night when it\u2019s higher in the sky?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does the moon appear larger earlier in the night, when it\u2019s \u201crising\u201d as opposed to later in the night when it\u2019s higher in the sky?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We think its because near the horizon you have known objects to compare its size to. Its easily testable that it is just an optical illusion and no size change is happening, hold a coin at arms length and it will cover the moon both near the horizon and at the zenith by the same amount."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How are fistulated cows okay?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are fistulated cows okay?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The cow being okay depends on your own opinion but they won't die. Having a big hole in the side of your body is not something that your body, or that of a cow really likes. The hole is actually closed of, usually with some kind of specially designed lid, and only opened when access is needed. This lid keeps thing from getting in and\/or falling out. As there is still a hole in the side of the cow, his body does react and he is much more susceptible for infections. To counter this they most often put these cows on have antibiotics and other drugs to counteract any negative side effects. Although the cow might not always really know what is going on, and any pain or infections are consistently medicated. He is not going to live a happy free life in the meadows until he dies of old age."} {"category":"Physics","question":"When electricity is generated, where do the electrons come from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When electricity is generated, where do the electrons come from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The electrons don't come from anywhere, they are already there. What is happening is that you can put a pressure (voltage) that causes the electrons to flow in a direction, like down a wire. In the case of DC, they hop from atom to atom all the way down your wire from one end to the other. In the case of AC, they flow back and forth over and over."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why do numbers 1 - 4 have unique suffixes, but numbers with 5 - 10 don't?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do numbers 1 - 4 have unique suffixes, but numbers with 5 - 10 don't?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To answer this, we can look at the etymologies of the words. (Note that I have simplified things a little here.) **First** derives from a superlative of \"fore\" - \"forest\", if you like. (We say \"foremost\" today.) Superlatives end in -est, so this explains the -st ending. **Second** comes from Latin *secundus* via French *second*, so we inherit the -nd ending from French. **Third** is more complicated. This was *thridda* in Old English, and that goes back to a much older form that also gives us the Latin prefix *tri-*. The last syllable got dropped and the *r* and *i* got swapped, giving \"third\". (The same swapping of letters happened in \"bird\", which used to be *brid*.) **Fourth** came from a form ending in -than, which became -tha and then -th. **Fifth** would have been *fift*, but was influenced by **fourth**. The same influence happened with higher ordinals, and -th became the standard suffix to use. Source: URL_0 TL;DR: Each word formed independently, and they originally had different endings, but \"fifth\" was modified to be like \"fourth\" and the same thing happened with higher ordinal numbers."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do crayons get their pigment?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do crayons get their pigment?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Both of your answers are correct. Some colours can be produced naturally by things found in nature, but more often then not, they use chemicals. Iron for example is naturally red and so can be used to colour things red or orange. Different chemical compounds form with different colours and can therefore be used to colour. Lead iodide for example is bright yellow and iron permanganate is a gentle light pink colour. I hope this helps!"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How are we able to track\/predict if an earthquake will produce\/create a Tsunami and in turn estimate how big the wave will be and how long it will take to hit a coastline?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are we able to track\/predict if an earthquake will produce\/create a Tsunami and in turn estimate how big the wave will be and how long it will take to hit a coastline?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Seismometers measure how strong the amplitude is. If you have sensors scattered about, you can quickly determine speed and direction of the wave\/energy as it passes over them. These pieces of information let you estimate when, where, and how big the wave might be."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How come your appetite decreases when you are ill?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come your appetite decreases when you are ill?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your body needs to rest so it can fight the illness. If you're busy moving about\/looking for food you arent resting and your body is using extra energy to digest and breakdown your food. So, by not letting you feel hungry, you can comfortably rest and recover."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If all our cells are renovated in about 10 years, why do scars and tattoos stay for our entire life?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If all our cells are renovated in about 10 years, why do scars and tattoos stay for our entire life?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Tattoo ink sits near the dermis, where the skin doesn\u2019t get replaced as often. If you look at the difference between a fresh and older tattoo, you can see that it fades a bit, since some of the ink in the outer layers comes out."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Exactly how do jet engines generate thrust?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Exactly how do jet engines generate thrust?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The expanding gasses don't come out the front end of a jet engine because there are inlet and compressor turbines that PUSH cold intake air into the engine.Those intake and compressor turbines are driven by the exhaust turbines (which are powered by the expanding exhaust gasses). This is why jet engines have to be spinning before you can start them - without the airflow pushing through the ignition chamber, the ignition will just create an explody fire in the ignition chamber and all you get is a very hot (and possibly damaged) engine. This is why military jets that experience a flame-out will have to dive, regain airspeed (thus turning the turbine) before they can reignite. On commercial high-bypass turbofans, these can be spun up by using APU or auxilliary power unit - its like a small generator - that produces electricity to spin the turbines up. Some military planes have APUs as well, some require a \"startup cart\" - an engine or generator on a cart - that has to be plugged into the aircraft (although this is rare, most planes have an APU and can do a \"cold start\" by themselves; its inconvenient to be stranded at an airfield with no startup cart.)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is the difference between 64 bit programs and 32 bit programs and does it have an actual effect on my computer depending on which one I choose?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between 64 bit programs and 32 bit programs and does it have an actual effect on my computer depending on which one I choose?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One really big difference between them is that 32 bit programs can only see up to 4gb of system memory, which is a small amount depending on the type of program. 64 bit programs can use up to 16 exabytes, or 17 billion gigabytes."} {"category":"Other","question":"What happened at the Library of Alexandria?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happened at the Library of Alexandria?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Caesar burned it to the ground, and humans lost an innumerable amount of knowledge stored within."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What's the difference between extracting a zip folder and just opening it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between extracting a zip folder and just opening it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Windows extracts or expands the file you select within a zip file in the background. It is actually written to the drive in a temporary folder and then executed or opened."} {"category":"Economics","question":"how did social security start in the US in 1935?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how did social security start in the US in 1935?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As for your last question, absolutely. Even today we have serious issues, mostly with elderly people, concerning their ability to vote because they were born at home, never got a birth certificate, never got a SS number. Not that many decades ago you could manage pretty well without all the documents we have to have today. And back in the 30s it was far easier for people to not be recorded on any kind of federal level. They might have a Baptism record, but some folks didn't even have that. There simply had never been a need for such things before. So Social Security was created as people across the country were struggling to recover from the Great Depression. Millions of people still couldn't find work, millions had lost whatever retirement savings they'd managed to save up, so the government created what was basically an insurance program to help ensure that the elderly, retired people, young children, and people who couldn't find jobs would have at least enough money to keep from starving. America at this point in time was a newly emerging world leader, and the last thing we wanted was for the rest of the world to think that we just let our most vulnerable citizens die, plus we realized that the economy wasn't going to get better if the majority of citizens couldn't afford to buy anything. In January of 1937 they started giving people identification numbers so that their benefits could be tracked and recorded accurately. Since the federal government didn't yet have the resources to handle a nation-wide campaign to get people to fill out the form to sign themselves up for a number, the U.S. Post Office took care of that task. The person who received the lowest number Grace Dorothy Owen of New Hampshire. Her SS number was 001-01-0001. While Social Security was not the first social welfare program in the U.S., it was the first nation-wide, federally run program. Before this there had been various types of employer-sponsored retirement programs, state-run welfare, and even local city or church-run programs going back to the 1600s, and those were largely modeled on various welfare\/poverty-relief programs that have existed in various parts of Europe for ages."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why are there three credit bureaus?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are there three credit bureaus?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> Wouldn't it be simpler? It would also be simpler if Walmart, Target, and Costco were all the same company but they aren't. Private companies are separate because they developed as separate entities and they either do not wish to merge or are prevented from doing so by government action. It \"being simpler\" isn't really a motivation for them."} {"category":"Economics","question":"I\u2019ve heard people say that a corporation is treated legally as a person, what does this mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n I\u2019ve heard people say that a corporation is treated legally as a person, what does this mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"Corporate personhood\" means that a corporation is treated in some aspects like a person, but not all. For example a corporation can own property instead of a specific person owning it. Without this legal framework there would be a specific person who owned all the company assets. Similarly a corporation can be taxed as an independent entity, it can be sued as an entity, it can enter into contracts, etc. Without this concept if you wanted to make a supply agreement with a company you would be signing it with a specific person, perhaps the majority owner of the company, and if something changed with company ownership then it also impacted your contract."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Can you build a resistance to insect bites to reduce the effect of them? If not, why?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can you build a resistance to insect bites to reduce the effect of them? If not, why?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes. For example, a mosquito bite leaves a welt on the skin because our body is reacting to the mosquito saliva by releasing antibodies. If you get bitten enough, your body will eventually stop recognizing the saliva as foreign and there will be no reaction at all."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why does some gum lose its flavor so fast?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does some gum lose its flavor so fast?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The flavors in gum have to be able to get released from the gum to have a taste. That means that they should bind better to spit than to the gum. Gum itself doesn't break down much from saliva. The flavor in gum lasts quite a bit longer than it used to."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we hold our breath when lifting something heavy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we hold our breath when lifting something heavy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's easier to lift heavy things when you brace your core. Many people (especially those with weaker core muscles) find it easier to brace while holding their breath or think that it's the holding their breath part that makes the difference without even realizing they are bracing their core. People who go the gym, do frequent ab exercises, or who lift heavy weights regularly know the importance of breathing while using the muscles and have practice breathing regularly with a braced core."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How Do Gas Masks\/Respirators Allow you to breath oxygen without breathing in other chemicals?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How Do Gas Masks\/Respirators Allow you to breath oxygen without breathing in other chemicals?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Gas masks have [filters]( URL_0 ) that are designed for specific things, for example \"dust\", \"organic vapor\", \"acidic gases\", etc. The material inside the filter reacts with and absorbs whatever the filter is rated for. Dust can be stopped by just a paper filter, acidic gases may require [activated charcoal]( URL_1 ) or specific resins that will react with and absorb the specific gas."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is actually happening when a perfectly comfortable sleeping position eventually stops feeling comfortable and we must re-position ourselves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is actually happening when a perfectly comfortable sleeping position eventually stops feeling comfortable and we must re-position ourselves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sometimes there is mucus in the sinuses that drains to the bed-side cavity. When it fills up our body gives us a signal to flip over and let it drain to the other cavity. This is not always obvious like a runny nose but more internal to your system. Sometimes what feels comfortable for a bit puts unwanted pressure on ligaments or muscles after a while and our body tells us to roll over before we become stiff."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What happens in your body at concerts when it feels like your heart is about to vibrate out of your chest when they hit super low bass notes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens in your body at concerts when it feels like your heart is about to vibrate out of your chest when they hit super low bass notes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sound is effectively just waves of air moving at different speeds and sizes. While most of them are so small you can really only sense them with your ears, as you start to get really low, the waves start to get a lot bigger, to the point you can actually feel them. That feeling is the air physically vibrating your body, usually with what's called a ground sub. Some Front of House Engineers do this on purpose to get that \"concert feel\", and the wavelengths that do it best are actually below your threshold of hearing, in terms of pitch, but can be powerful enough to knock even a grown person over."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do GFCI outlets work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do GFCI outlets work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Great minds think alike. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does a GFCI outlet protect me from electrocution better than the main breaker on the same circuit (or do I completely misunderstand why these are used near sinks and tubs). ]( URL_1 ) ^(_3 comments_) 1. [ELI5: GFCI vs. Surge Protectors vs. Grounds ]( URL_0 ) ^(_20 comments_)"} {"category":"Other","question":"What makes Amsterdam the capital of the Netherlands when The Hague contains all of the institutions a capital usually does?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What makes Amsterdam the capital of the Netherlands when The Hague contains all of the institutions a capital usually does?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This split is because The Hague is the democratic center, while Amsterdam is the royal center. It was a way of enforcing the difference between these two kinds of power. URL_0"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is Pregnancy and after called postpartum and not post natal? Why is it prenantal and not prepartum?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Pregnancy and after called postpartum and not post natal? Why is it prenantal and not prepartum?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In terms of the mother pre-birth is called ante-partum. Prenatal care is in reference to the fetus prior to birth. It all gets grouped together in everyday terms but there is a difference."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does heat cause some materials to expand (such as types of metal) and some materials to shrink (such as plastic)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does heat cause some materials to expand (such as types of metal) and some materials to shrink (such as plastic)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To understand this you need to understand what heat is. Heat kind of is vibration of Atoms. The hotter something is, the more it's Atoms vibrate \/ move. Since the forces between atoms force them into a fixed distance between one another, they need room when a material gets hotter. So the material expands. Metals expand in every direction since the atoms in metals are (more or less) neatly stacked. Plastics are another case since they aren't made up of one sort of atoms but complex molecules. These molecules build chains and sometimes more complex constructs. Now some of these have configurations that can kind of flip when heat is applied. If the configuration the plastic enters while heated takes up less room than the room temperature configuration it shrinks."} {"category":"Technology","question":"When a music album is \u201cremastered\u201d how is it done?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When a music album is \u201cremastered\u201d how is it done?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mastering is a form of mixing that tends to be very very subtle. During my last month in my recording arts program we handled mastering sessions and songs. This consisted of sitting in a room that had been treated to remove as much room tone as possible (lots of foam and acoustic treatments on the walls to remove unwanted reverb or undesirable artifacts that you would hear and obscure the changes being made). We worked with speakers that were as tall as I was over 6' and that had more individual drivers in them to more accurately replicate the audio files. Fun fact they also cost 90k+ per speaker group. We used high end equalizers and compressors along with very intense spectrum analyzing software that would actually allow us to see where odd noises were occurring and be able to reliably edit them out. the changes we made were minute sometimes as little as .3dB of change to a very narrow band of frequencies. We would also add gain to the frequencies that are above the range of human hearing (over 20khz) this can be a placebo effect but can also help bring airiness to music and give it a more open feel. More often when an old album is remastered the main things they will do is make the audio seem louder. They do this by compressing the overall track which will bring the quieter sounds up and giving the illusion of an overall gain increase to the music. They might also decrease the noise that inherently happened on oldshcool analog recordings hiss pops etc. Finally they can do some of the processes that I discussed earlier to clean up the sound and maybe help bring the track back into line with the original intent or desire of the recording artist and producers. Hope this help!"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How can bugs crawl on the ceiling? I understand they might have really good grip, but does the blood not rush to their head?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can bugs crawl on the ceiling? I understand they might have really good grip, but does the blood not rush to their head?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Bugs do not have a circulatory system that works the same as ours at all. They really only have a heart and a single aorta going from the back end to the front and then their \"blood\" just circulates freely through them amongst the other organs back to the rear to be pulled in by the heart again. But that's not the main thing... Because we walk upright our circulatory system is optimised for needing higher pressure to get blood back from the feet and legs to the heart and much lower to get blood back from the head to the heart. When we are upside down blood pressure increases in the head becuase we are the wrong way around. Most bugs though walk with their heads on the same level as their heart anyway so when they are upside down it makes no real difference since the head is still at the same level as the heart."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does the current century not line up with the calendar year?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the current century not line up with the calendar year?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Year 1-100: The 1st century. Year 101-200: The 2nd century. Year 201-300: The 3rd century. Year 301-400: The 4th century. Year 401-500: The 5th century. Year 501-600: The 6th century. Year 601-700: The 7th century. ..... Year 1801 - 1900: The 19th century. Year 1901 - 2000: The 20th century. Year 2001 - 2100: The 21st century."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do octopuses change colour so quickly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do octopuses change colour so quickly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They have a layer of color-changing cells called chromatophores under the outer layer of skin that has pigment in them. The pigments are black, brown, orange, red or yellow and they adjust the visibility of the pigment by sending nerve signals to the cells to stretch them. They also can have iridophores and leucophores. Iridophores have stacks of reflecting plates that create iridescent greens, blues, silvers and golds, while leucophores mirror back the colors of the environment, making the animal less conspicuous. So they can adjust their color at the speed of nerve impulses"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why are galaxies round as a pizza instead of round like a sphere?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are galaxies round as a pizza instead of round like a sphere?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Ever watched one of the many videos that the astronauts on the ISS send back to earth? They're fascinating! Many videos involve water (or other liquids) and how it behaves in free fall. Put a bunch of water together, just floating, and it will stay a sphere. If you spin it, however, it flattens out like a pizza! Centrifugal force from the spin causes the molecules to try to escape, but water's tendency to stick to itself holds it together at low speed and makes the water go oval. If you did the same thing with a more sticky substance (like pizza dough) it could go faster and flatten out even more before breaking apart. You could have a spinning sphere if the water was able to spin in every direction at once, but since the molecules bump into each other, they all cancel each other's movement out until they're all moving in the same direction at the same speed. That's why galaxies mostly all spin like pizza dough."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"When a fruit is bruised, why does its flavor change?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When a fruit is bruised, why does its flavor change?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Inside of an apple is the molecule catechol. In the presence of oxygen a chemical reaction occurs at an enzyme (a protein that speeds up chemical reactions) to produce a different molecule, benzoquinone. That molecule turns the flesh of the apple brown and makes it mushy."} {"category":"Physics","question":"how come there are no absolute points in space?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how come there are no absolute points in space?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's a misconception: what we observe is that all points are expanding from all points. From Earth it looks like everything is moving away from us, but from anywhere else it looks the same way, too. Since we haven't found an \"edge\" or \"center\" of the universe, there's no absolute way to reference any point in relation to the universe itself. The best we can do is reference a point in relation to some other point (distance from Earth, from the Sun, from our galaxy, etc.). The simple illustration I have read a lot is to draw dots on the surface of a balloon and inflate it. All the dots move apart from each other, and on the surface of the balloon itself, that expansion is uniform: it's not one part of the rubber expanding out, but rather the whole thing expanding."} {"category":"Economics","question":"When the EULA states we don\u2019t own the software and just \u201cusing\u201d it basically... why can\u2019t we \u201cuse\u201d the same software across multiple platforms without paying multiple times?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When the EULA states we don\u2019t own the software and just \u201cusing\u201d it basically... why can\u2019t we \u201cuse\u201d the same software across multiple platforms without paying multiple times?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"With most software you \\*can\\* do this. Most licenses are a \"per use\" license. Steam has a great example of this with their family share program. If my son wants to play a game I have that he doesn't, family share will let me do that. The restriction steam puts on it is that **I** cannot be playing any games at the same time too. If my son is playing, and I launch a game he will get a notice from steam telling him he needs to quit soon or it will kick him off. They can get away with this because of the fact most of these games have a \"per use\" license. So as long as they can guarantee that only one person is using it at a time, it is completely legal."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is gradual inflation over time considered a sign of flourishing economy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is gradual inflation over time considered a sign of flourishing economy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Gradual inflation encourages consumers to spend their money rather than hold it and have it lose value."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What information, explicitly, can now be sold by ISPs? It looks like the new law was replacing rules that had not yet gone into affect, so how is this any different than how the internet was 4 years ago? Could our data have been sold then before the rules that were voted on in Oct 2016?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What information, explicitly, can now be sold by ISPs? It looks like the new law was replacing rules that had not yet gone into affect, so how is this any different than how the internet was 4 years ago? Could our data have been sold then before the rules that were voted on in Oct 2016?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your data has been being sold by Google, your web browser, etc for years. Google makes money by compiling tens of thousands of users browsing trends and data into one big anonymous package (for example: they don't care what michiruwater is looking up, they care what 18-21 year olds are looking up between 3-6PM). Your ISP thinks it's very unfair that Google gets to make money but the ISP does not. Now the ISP can do the same thing that Google does. That's all that happened."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do we define when the Earth formed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we define when the Earth formed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> how do we define when it stopped being a clump of rock? But it still is a big clump of rock. That's not mutually exclusive with being categorized as a planet, and the actual definition of a planet is rather arbitrary. Pluto is a good example, as it was classified as a planet initially, but the International Astronomical Union updated its definition of a planet in a way that disqualified Pluto, reclassifying it as a dwarf planet instead. Using the IAU's definition of a planet, the Earth became one once it met the following criteria: URL_0 in orbit around the Sun, 2.has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and 3.has \"cleared the neighborhood\" around its orbit."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do 'Date Rape' Drugs like GHB or Rohypnol work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do 'Date Rape' Drugs like GHB or Rohypnol work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Okay, taking a go at eli5, even though you asked some complex questions. GHB & Rohypnol are two quite different substances, but they act on the same part of the brain, called *GABA receptors*. *GABA*, a chemical that these receptors are sensitive to, plays a role in how your brain signals to itself that it\u2019s time to go to sleep. Know how you feel tired, sometimes confused, and usually don\u2019t remember anything right before falling asleep? It\u2019s believed this is partly because of your brain producing, transmitting, and receiving this chemical. Sometimes, when people have trouble sleeping, doctors determine (speculate?) that the patient\u2019s brain may have issues either producing, or receiving, this chemical. Certain drugs (like rohypnol or ghb) act on the brain in different ways, but do thinks like make your brain produce more of, or be more sensitive to, these \u201csleepy\u201d chemicals. For people whose sleep problems are caused by issues with this system, this can be a very elegant solution, solving the problem without too many unwanted side effects. Because these chemicals are all present in your brain, and because your brain is designed to absorb them, turn them into something else, and then flush them out of your system, it can be difficult to determine afterwards whether you ingested them (with or without your knowledge of having done so). This is a feature of these drugs; it\u2019s desirable for a drug to do the job you want it to accomplish, and then disappear without causing unintended side-affects or leaving residual things in your body. However, the downside of this is that if you want to find evidence that someone has taken the drug (such as being given it without their knowledge or consent), it can be difficult, and in some cases impossible after a relatively short amount of time (like, say, around 24 hours). So while these drugs can do a really good job at helping someone, those same benefits can become dangers when used in a different context."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does only one side of your nose\/nostril get clogged sometimes? And then when you lie down, why\/how does it transfer to the other nostril?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does only one side of your nose\/nostril get clogged sometimes? And then when you lie down, why\/how does it transfer to the other nostril?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"[The Nasal Cycle]( URL_1 ) & #x200B; > The **nasal cycle** is the often unnoticed[\\[1\\]]( URL_1 #cite_note-josephson2006sinus-1)[\\[2\\]]( URL_1 #cite_note-huizing52-2) alternating partial congestion and decongestion of the [nasal cavities]( URL_0 ) in humans and other animals. It is a physiological congestion of the [nasal concha]( URL_2 ), also called the nasal turbinate, due to selective activation of one half of the autonomic nervous system by the [hypothalamus]( URL_3 ) & #x200B;"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does the left side of the brain control the right side of the body and the right side of the brain control the left side of the body?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the left side of the brain control the right side of the body and the right side of the brain control the left side of the body?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We don't know. What's interesting is that this doesn't happen with everything. Our sense of smell doesn't switch and our vision only partially switched. Edit: one theory is that at some point really, really early in the evolution of vertebrates, the head of the common ancestor got turned backwards (this is also supported by where our hearts are). Essentially our face is the back of their head."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are wasps such assholes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are wasps such assholes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I know if a bee stings you it will die as a result. It would not make sense to sting unless it was warented. Wasps don't die from stinging you. So one wasp can sting multiple times and might be more inclined to sting if they feel threatened"} {"category":"Economics","question":"If it only cost 8m to buy out our senators for the ISP deal, why can't we raise that money and lobby ourselves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If it only cost 8m to buy out our senators for the ISP deal, why can't we raise that money and lobby ourselves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lobbyists don't \"buy\" politicians. I know that it's the common \"I'm angry at Washington\" belief, but honestly, lobbyists spend money to convince politicians that the people\/organizations that they represent have the correct opinions about some subject. I'm not saying that there's no corruption in Washington. I'm sure there's a ton. And there's clearly corruption in the lobbying process, too. But not to the degree that most people seem to think. Which is why no one is going to \"buy back\" politician: they're not bought in the first place. They're just being convinced as to the validity of the lobbyists' opinions."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why do we get crushes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we get crushes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mating instinct. One of your most primal urges is the urge to breed (or at least perform the reproductive act). Humans, along with other social animals, have this urge strongly linked with pair bonding, as having 2 active parents for young offspring greatly increases their chances of survival."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is Variance and Standard Deviation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is Variance and Standard Deviation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We use these for data where there are multiple values. We can use these values to make a distribution curve, which just shows how the data is spread out. If we plot these values on a graph, we get a bell shaped curve. We take the mean, which is basically the average of these values. So that's the centre of the curve. On either sides of this curve is the SD. And 1SD is 33% of the values. So if your mean is 1, and SD is 0.2, that means that if you add and subtract the SD, and make a range (in this case 0.8 to 1.2) that would just mean that 68% of the data comes in that range. So it's basically telling you how spread out the data is from your mean. If your data is close to mean, you'll have a small SD. If it's far away from the mean, it's a large SD."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is the difference between 5.1, 7.1 and 3D audio and which is better?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between 5.1, 7.1 and 3D audio and which is better?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It all pretty much only describes your sound setup and therefor what kind of sound processing you want to take place. Ignoring 3D for a second cause honestly I don't know much about it. But 5.1 and 7.1 is pretty much the same thing with it describing your speaker setup. The .1 is the subwoofer in both setups. A 5.1 Would have a center front, left and right speaker + left and right from behind. And a subwoofer. A 7.1 sound system is pretty identical with speaker directly to your sides as well. 3D sound would in addition have sound coming from above and below. 3D sound as a concept means sound can come from any direction really, so it's generally achieved by fooling your brain into thinking sound comes from one direction or another and isn't \"true\" sound coming from all directions."} {"category":"Other","question":"Since the Native Americans were here before us, how... did they end up here?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Since the Native Americans were here before us, how... did they end up here?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The native peoples of North America predate the Vikings and subsequent European settlers but also came via land migration. All human \u201ctribes\u201d originated in and around Africa and dispersed in all directions, globally. The native North Americans traveled across the Bering straight land mass that was temporarily exposed during a little ice age, allowing human to travel from what\u2019s now north east Russia to Alaska, and migrated downward to favorable weather."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why can't \"developing\" countries just copy \"developed\" countries to improve their living standards?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't \"developing\" countries just copy \"developed\" countries to improve their living standards?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Why can't you copy Lebron's basketball skills and be as good as he is? It's all there, for the world to see... except he's an exceptional talent with years of practice. It takes *time* to develop something. Western Europe had literally *centuries* of development to reach it's present state. China did it in decades because they had the template to follow and even they are having to make some of the choices that the West made along the way. Edit: For example - You can't just build a factory and expect your population to start producing computers. It takes an educated population of specialists to build things like computers."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How come diesel engine have been praised in the past and now suddenly everyone seems to be against it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come diesel engine have been praised in the past and now suddenly everyone seems to be against it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Different type of fuel and compression result in different products - diesels run in high compression and hot so they burn their fuel thoroughly, however it also causes atmospheric nitrogen to react with atmospheric oxygen, producing toxic nitrogen oxides. The recent diesel scandal was companies cheating with the engine computer to reduce nitrogen oxide output when it was detecting it's in emissions test. Petrol engines run less hot, so their exhaust contains some unburnt hydrocarbons and more carbon monoxide but also less nitrogen oxides."} {"category":"Technology","question":"why does Starship make the horizontal flip instead of landing lime their other rocket?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does Starship make the horizontal flip instead of landing lime their other rocket?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because falling horizontally allows you to slow down using air resistance, which is increased when surface area is increased. This saves for the very last moment, where the rocket flips and then scrubs the remaining velocity with engine power. Braking with the engines exclusively would cost more fuel and thus more mass you'd have to slow down. This multiplies, the larger your rocket is, which is why the heavier Starship tries to manage with as little fuel as possible."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do teeth not grow back or heal?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do teeth not grow back or heal?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The outside part of your teeth, the enamel, is not alive and doesn't have any blood vessels or any way for living cells to get to it. That's because, as you can imagine, squishy blood vessels would compromise the strength of the enamel. It's built to be *super* hard and durable - strong enough that most of the time you wouldn't *need* to rebuild it. And in the cases that teeth do get damaged, well, you have a mouth full of them so losing a single tooth won't kill you. In order to rebuild broken enamel, the tooth has to be encased in living tissue that has the cellular machinery to do it. That only happens inside the gums. That's why we have baby teeth - once our teeth have left our gums, they can't get bigger. If we waited until our teeth were the size we need them to be as adults, we would have to go *years* without being able to eat solid food. On the other hand, teeth that fit in a child's mouth are way too small for our needs. So we have one set of teeth that do the job while our adult teeth are still being built inside of our jaw."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Would inflation still happen if the population didn\u2019t increase?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Would inflation still happen if the population didn\u2019t increase?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes, because inflation isn't caused by population growth. Simplifying things to an extreme degree, inflation when the amount of money (as in the literal number of dollar bills) increases faster than the amount of wealth (as in the things that people want to buy with those dollar bills, like cars or houses or factories or video games or pizzas). When there are more dollars per thing people want to buy, each individual dollar is worth less. In the modern world, well-managed central banks have pretty good control over the amount of money that is produced, so they can usually adjust the rate of inflation regardless of how wealth is growing. Of course, setting a particular inflation rate isn't always the primary concern for the people making these decisions, and the situation gets more complicated when one supply of money is used in multiple different countries, as with the Euro. And when the banking system is corrupt rather than well-managed, all bet are off."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do people believe that the top 1 percent should be taxed more?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people believe that the top 1 percent should be taxed more?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because they have a tremendous amount of money. If I took 25% of a poor person's income they would be completely devastated and might become homeless. If I took 25% from a 1% person they still have millions upon millions of dollars left. So even though I'm taking equal percentages, the poor person is losing a lot more. Disclaimer: I'm not saying I support or am against this idea, I'm just explaining it."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do people make so much more money from a stock than the stock even rose, percentage-wise?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do people make so much more money from a stock than the stock even rose, percentage-wise?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The most likely reason is leverage - that is, they used someone else's money to buy (most of) the stock they sold. An example: If I buy 100 share of stock at $10 per share, that costs me $1,000. Then it rises to $15 per share and I sell it for $1,500, netting me $500 profit. That's excellent - 50% - but there's a way to make lots more. I borrow $800 at 10% interest, and with $200 of my own money, I buy the same $1,000 worth of stock and sell it at the same $1,500. I pay back the $800 + $80 interest out of the $1,500 proceeds of my stock sale, leaving me with $620. Subtracting my initial $200 of my own money, I have a profit of $420. Sure, that's less in absolute terms than the $500 above, but I used $200 to make $420, a 210% profit. And if I take the original $1,000 I was willing to invest and borrow another $4,000 at 10%, and do the same thing (buy, sell, etc.), my profit would be $2,100, considerably higher than $500 from the non-leveraged transaction using the same amount of my own funds. The danger is if the stock doesn't go up, I still have to repay what I borrowed plus interest."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does the water that you drink at 3am taste so good?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the water that you drink at 3am taste so good?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It doesn't. It tastes exactly the same. What you are experiencing has nothing whatsoever to do with taste. You are just incorrectly describing it that way, because you associate pleasure with eating and drinking with taste. That water tastes the same. What is instead happening is your brain's reward system kicking in. You are dehydrated and need water, so your brain is rewarding you for doing so by giving you a hit of dopamine. This is to encourage you to continue to drink water the next time you are dehydrated, since you remember doing so as pleasurable."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do computer board designers change and update parts like GPUs and motherboards to be compatible with all types of new and old standards, and make them faster, so quickly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do computer board designers change and update parts like GPUs and motherboards to be compatible with all types of new and old standards, and make them faster, so quickly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In a word: Standards. If your part doesn't comply with the standards for that part, it won't work with anything else. Which means nobody will buy it. New standards are sometimes backwards-compatible. Sometimes they are not - so part manufacturers don't *always* make stuff compatible with everything else. Add to that that there *are* companies that just make everything themselves, or have it made for themselves, and don't *care* if it's compatible."} {"category":"Other","question":"Pork rinds are incomplete protein and are labeled \"not a good source of protein\" but beans are also an incomplete protein and do not have this same label. Why?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Pork rinds are incomplete protein and are labeled \"not a good source of protein\" but beans are also an incomplete protein and do not have this same label. Why?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because it's not just a question of protien, but of the types of protien and the regulation. In the USA, the Food and Drug Administration requires that food for people aged 4 and over that has, \"a protein quality value that is a protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score of less than 20\" must have the label, \"not a good source of protien.\" What this means is that the foodstuff in question must have a certain number of absorbable proteins or it must have the label. How does this relate to beans and pork rinds? Pork rinds are fried pig skins, therefore they're rich in collagen, the protien that gives human skin structure too. Unfortunately, that's about the only protien it provides, worst still humans don't digest nor absorb that protien very efficiently. On the flip side, beans have a wider variety of more easily digested and absorbed proteins so it is not affected by the regulation. Edit: it's 4 and over, not just 4."} {"category":"Other","question":"Joe Wong joke that Roe v. Wade is 2 ways to get into the United States?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Joe Wong joke that Roe v. Wade is 2 ways to get into the United States?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a joke based on the idea that some immigrants to the US swim here, and thus are either \"rowing a boat\" (Roe) or \"wading through the water\" (Wade.) It's just based on Roe and Wade both sounding like things people do in water."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is an API call?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is an API call?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"ELI-a-non-programmer: An API is like ordering from a takeout restaurant. You know the number you need to call, you know what you need to say, and you know they'll give you something in return. What you *don't* know is the inner workings of their kitchen, on how they prepared that food for you. An API is similar: you have somewhere to make the calls to (usually a URL, like a web address, but not necessarily), you have a specific statement you make in order to get something back (\"I'll take a large beef and brocolli\", \"send me a list of all customers who have ordered in the last month\", etc), and without you knowing *how* it's doing that, it sends you the requested information back. Why are these important? Because they allow you to use a service without being hooked into the details. For example, making calls to a weather API can tell you what the weather's like in a particular zip code, without you actually ever having access to any of the weather sensors they use to determine that."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why are gas prices so much higher in California than the rest of the country?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are gas prices so much higher in California than the rest of the country?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are two big reasons. The first is that California has a higher gasoline tax than other states. That's pretty straightforward. The second, and much more important, is that California has stricter emissions laws than other states, which makes gasoline that would be legal to sell in other states unavailable to California. Not only is that gasoline more expensive to produce, but because California requires a different gasoline makeup, it means that California is a \"gasoline island\": in cases where demand increases, sellers can't import gasoline refined in other states, since their refineries don't produce California-compliant gasoline. So prices tend to be higher to start, and they're more likely to increase in response to issues like refinery capacity problems, power outages, unexpected demand, etc, since the supply is constrained."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Is 40% alcohol 2.5% stronger or 6.666'% stronger than 37.5% alcohol?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is 40% alcohol 2.5% stronger or 6.666'% stronger than 37.5% alcohol?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I think this depends on what how you are viewing it. If you view it as an increase 37.5\/100 to 40\/100 then you would increase by 2.5% If you are viewing it as a direct percentage comparison, 40\/37.5 then you are increasing the 37.5% by 6.666%"} {"category":"Other","question":"What are the terms for fair use when a movie scene displays on a TV inside the world of a movie?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the terms for fair use when a movie scene displays on a TV inside the world of a movie?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This isn't an answer to your question, but this specific clip is irrelevant because the movie on Kevin's TV isn't real, it's a fake movie, and the scene was filmed specifically for Home Alone. URL_0"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does string theory require that there be 10 dimensions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does string theory require that there be 10 dimensions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Imagine a room with some 3-dimensional objects in it, like a sphere, a cube, a cone, a pyramid, etc. The room and the objects are uniformly white in color, and there's no light except for a flashlight that you can shine into the room from different locations. Every time you shine the light inside the room, you take a picture. After you've taken several pictures, you sit down and look at the results. Soon, you start classifying various shadows that you've seen. You have a bunch of shadows that are crescent shaped, a bunch that are sort or rectangular, etc. You compile a whole huge book of these shadows, and it's pretty impressive, but it's really hard to explain it all to other people because the location of the flashlight and picture make all sorts of subtle differences in the shapes of the shadows. Then, a breakthrough! Someone says, hey, those are shadows from 3-dimensional solids. The crescents come from a sphere, the rectangular ones from a cube, etc. Now, all of a sudden, you've got an easy way to classify all your 2-dimensional shadows simply by referencing 3-dimensional shapes that create them. This isn't what's happening in string theory, but the principle of being able to explain more with less by adding dimensions is similar. A great deal of what we know about light, heat, magnetism, and so on can be explained more simply by a universe with more dimensions. In this 10, 11, or 26 dimensional universe, everything we see is just one special case of a more general set of rules."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) have an expiry date?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) have an expiry date?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's more a liability thing than anything. A manufacturer can't control how you store something that you buy, so they can't control what it may be exposed to and how quickly it will break down. What they can do is guess at the worst case scenario, duplicate it, and see how long it takes for their products to break down to the point that they no longer protect you. They then can take that amount of time and cut it by some percentage for safety, and say that their products expire in that amount of time. My guess is that they don't do that very often, but they know from experience how long their stuff will last when stored in horrible conditions, and they use that with a safety factor as their expiration timeframe."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why and how are there such insane amounts of energy released when splitting an atom?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why and how are there such insane amounts of energy released when splitting an atom?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It takes huge amounts of energy (the kind found in the middle of a star) to squeeze protons together into a large atomic nucleus -- there is a huge repelling force that has to be overcome. Think of it as compressing an extremely strong spring. When you split this nucleus, you release this huge amount of stored energy. Yes, we are surrounded by and made of insane amounts of energy. In Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2 , c^2 is a stunningly large number."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is actually a \"military grade cryptography\" we often see in action movies? What makes it different from regular cryptography?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is actually a \"military grade cryptography\" we often see in action movies? What makes it different from regular cryptography?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's Hollywood buzzword jargon, basically. \"Military-grade crypto\" means a cryptographic standard that the military has adopted to protect its information. In 2021, that standard is AES-256 (for top secret data). But...your wifi is protected by the same encryption standard (as long as you're using a recent standard, that is). Calling it \"military-grade\" doesn't mean anything super high-tech and fancy, in this case."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does weight loss surgery always involve making the stomach smaller?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does weight loss surgery always involve making the stomach smaller?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> restricts the amount of nutrients that are absorbed by the intestines One example of a condition that restricts the amount of absorbed nutrients is lactose intolerance. People with this condition cannot produce enough lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar in milk products, so that the body can absorb it. The result is that the lactose doesn't get absorbed and gets into your large intestines where the gut bacteria have a feeding frenzy, causing bloating, cramps, and diarrhea. Likewise, heavy drinking can cause similar symptoms because the alcohol causes digestion problems including preventing the small intestines from absorbing properly. More nutrients than necessary goes into the large intestines, causing similar symptoms as above. As you can see, all these problems will result if the nutrients are not properly absorbed by the intestines. Despite the risks, it is much better for the patient's standard of living if the stomach surgery prevents them from eating as much rather than have them on the toilet all day by changing their nutrient absorption."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is it cheaper for American companies to manufacture products in other countries?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it cheaper for American companies to manufacture products in other countries?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Labor costs are way cheaper... they can pay a tiny fraction of the hourly wages, plus don't have to worry about things like healthcare, retirement plans, etc. Also, fewer safety regulations to abide by. So even adding in additional shipping costs to get products to the U.S. from overseas, it's still advantageous."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Where does the sky start?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does the sky start?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Think of the sky like the rind of an orange or a melon. The Sky starts right at the ground, and goes all the way up into space. Luckily you have the ability to walk through and breath the rind."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it that the body's core being cold is fatal, but hands can be cold 24\/7 and it's no problem?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that the body's core being cold is fatal, but hands can be cold 24\/7 and it's no problem?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The reason you need to keep a constant core temperature is for enzymes to work properly in vital organs like your Brain, heart and liver, etc to make essential biochemical reactions work. A person's vital organs are located in the head and chest. It's the same reason that you can live without arms or legs, but you can't live without a head or chest."} {"category":"Physics","question":"everything is made out of atoms, is there a possibility to cut an atom accidentally with a knife and thus leading to reaction of some sort?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n everything is made out of atoms, is there a possibility to cut an atom accidentally with a knife and thus leading to reaction of some sort?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"No. A knife edge is also made of atoms (or really molecules which are even larger than atoms). Think of cutting something like a person moving through a dense crowd. The person can push others out of the way and slip in between, but they are just a person as well, and they aren\u2019t going to be able to just split another person in two to get through. Edit to add a little more: It's also that the link between atoms is much easier to break than splitting the atom. So in my analogy, imagine the people in the crowd are loosely holding hands. It's easier to push them apart than to well, split the people in half."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the difference between an irrational number and a transcendental number?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between an irrational number and a transcendental number?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> All transcendental numbers are irrational. not all irrational numbers are transcendental. > Trancendental numbers cannot be written as roots of polynomials Eli6: Irrational numbers are a class of numbers that are (among other things) defined by the fact that you cannot represent them as a ratio of integers. Transcendental numbers are a class of numbers that are defined by the fact they are not algebraic. algebraic numbers are numbers that can be written as a root of a polynomial with rational coefficients: So any number that can be represented as the answer (x) to an equation of the form a + bx + cx^2 + dx^3 + ex^4 + fx^5 ... + \u00f0x^n = 0 Where the coefficients a,b,c,d,e....\u00f0 are all rational numbers. So, root 2 is irrational, but it is algebraic because it is the answer to the equation x^2 = 2 and thus is not transcendental. Similarly the more or less random number ~ 1.27367020598447 is also not trancendental, because it is a valid solution to the equation x^4 + 5x - 9 ( ~1.273...^4 + 5(~1.2736..) - 9= 0 ) Trancendental numbers like pi can't be written as solutions to equations of this form. They will always need at least one irrational number as a coefficient to be written like this."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How tf do scientists know the \"maps\" of million years old continents?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How tf do scientists know the \"maps\" of million years old continents?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They take where the continents are today, see how they're moving, and basically play it in reverse."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why do pencil erasers sometime get where they won\u2019t erase at all and in fact, make it worse with dark smudges?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do pencil erasers sometime get where they won\u2019t erase at all and in fact, make it worse with dark smudges?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They also dry out. That can cause it to become hard and only smear the paper rather than having the the used part of the eraser roll off when you use it."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How come the sky is red or orange in all those photos even though you can't see actual fire?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come the sky is red or orange in all those photos even though you can't see actual fire?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The smoke particles are larger than regular air particles so they block out the high wavelength spectrum of light (yellow-blue) and allow lower wavelength light to pass through (red\/orange). Edit: I mixed up frequency and wavelength. Blue\/violet has lower wavelength and higher frequency (more compressed) and red\/orange has lower frequency and higher wavelength (less compressed and can pass through thick smoke easier)."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how do waterproof phones or phone cases stay waterproof but have clear speakers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do waterproof phones or phone cases stay waterproof but have clear speakers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Speakers don't let air pass through them rather they function by moving air by \"vibrating.\" So they can easily be waterproof by not allowing water to get past the cone."} {"category":"Technology","question":"I've seen this more and more, but why do people put their cell phones on speaker and then hold the phone an inch from their mouth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n I've seen this more and more, but why do people put their cell phones on speaker and then hold the phone an inch from their mouth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I don't know about men that do this, but women do it so you don't end up with a phone covered in make-up and hair products. Also, depending of your earrings, you can get a clanking sound when your earrings hit the phone. Source: my wife."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do manufacturers of products that use pump dispensers (lotion, soap, etc.) not make the tube reach the bottom?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do manufacturers of products that use pump dispensers (lotion, soap, etc.) not make the tube reach the bottom?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because if the tube actually touched the bottom it would work worse. It would just suction itself to the bottom instead of sucking up the liquid."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are most democratic elections relatively close to 50\/50 and never a landslide victory for one party?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are most democratic elections relatively close to 50\/50 and never a landslide victory for one party?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That is not true. The 50\/50 thing happens a lot in democratic system that have only two real parties. Of course those type of systems are bad systems and most democracies don't use anything like that and therefore have different outcomes. What happens if you only have two real choices is that both parties will try to compete for the voters in the middle. Each side tries to gain as many voters as they can without losing more voters in the process. With better voting systems you have parties and candidates that stand for certain things and get voted on based on those issues. In a two party winner takes it all system the choices morph to reflect what half the voters want. This is no hard and fast rule. Often the truth is somewhere in between and in some cases the whole thing breaks down like it currently seems to have in the US."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Don't Open Source Softwares Basically Opens its Gate for Hackers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Don't Open Source Softwares Basically Opens its Gate for Hackers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If your security is because no one can look at your code and understan how it work it is called [Security through obscurity]( URL_0 ) The problem is that id do not work. It has been rejected since the mid 19th century in the context of how locks could be picked. A real secure system should still be secure if someone know your code. If the code is secret you might find a but that is hard to fix and just assume that no one will find it without the code and leave it in. If it is open source you assume that any attacker have the code and you will write it with that in mind and do not leave holes. In some cases it might be a idea. If there is limited access to the system and not a software that you can purchase on the open market where a attacker can purchase it and examine the code and decompile it and examine it. So for military system or any that is tightly controlled keeping the source and design of the system secret make it harder to crack it. So it can be something to add ontop of other good security practice but you should never trust that it is enough. If anyone can get the software you should assume that it is the same as if they had the source code."} {"category":"Technology","question":"what is end to end encryption and what does it mean to end it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is end to end encryption and what does it mean to end it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A lot of encryption in communication is in steps. Your connection between your computer and the server (eg: Skype) is encrypted, but then Skype gets a copy of your message without encryption. That means they can read it, save it, give it to someone else, or feed it into their profiling software that serves you ads. So if you tell your friend that you're thinking of buying a new PC, don't be surprised when ads for Dell suddenly become common. Skype will re-encrypt the message as it goes to its actual intended recipient. (I don't know that Skype actually does this, I'm just pulling names out of my ass for the sake of example) So if either of you are on open WiFi, people around you can't read your messages, but Skype themselves can. End-to-end encryption means that the message stays encrypted all the way until the point your friend receives it and they can read it. This means skype (or whoever is the middle man) can't actually see what you wrote."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How does a Blood Pressure machine work, and why does the band pressure need to go so high?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a Blood Pressure machine work, and why does the band pressure need to go so high?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You have two different blood pressured. Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure during each heart beat and the diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure between two heart beats. So whenever your heart beats the pressure goes from diastolic to systolic and back. When a doctor takes your blood pressure they will pump up an inflatable cuff to block your blood in the arm and then with a stethoscope they can hear at which pressure the blood flow stops just between the beats or altogether. These corresponds to your diastolic and systolic pressures respectively. An automatic blood pressure gauge does the exact same thing. But the air pump in it is quite loud and pumps up the cuff too fast to take an accurate reading. So the cuff is inflated to its highest range first and then the air is bleed out slowly while the computer listens for your blood flow to find the pressures."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How can archaeologist tell how old something is? Like when they find old objects how do they know how old they are roughly at least","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can archaeologist tell how old something is? Like when they find old objects how do they know how old they are roughly at least","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The elements that make up matter have a half-life. That's the time it takes for that element to be cut in half, so if you have 100 grams of carbon, and it has a half-life of 100 years, then in 100 years, it will only have 50 grams. By measuring the amount found in the fossil, and knowing the half-life of that element, it's just working backwards with the math."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How can hospitals put us in medically induced comas and remove us at any time, but can't remove people from a coma that isn't medically induced?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can hospitals put us in medically induced comas and remove us at any time, but can't remove people from a coma that isn't medically induced?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I am not a doctor, but it's my understanding that doctors give the patient drugs to.cause the coma, so they just withdraw the drugs to end it. When some is in a regular, non-induced coma, they can't end it because there are no drugs to stop giving."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do futures markets exist for non-commodities?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do futures markets exist for non-commodities?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They're just pure speculation. And so are the commodity futures markets. The amount of oil futures traded by financial institutions is something like 10x what is traded by oil companies."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why does depression affect your memory?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does depression affect your memory?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A depressed brain is a less active brain. Your brain needs energy and neurotransmitters to do important things like regulate mood and form memories, but if it doesn't have the necessary energy or neurotransmitters, it can't perform those tasks as effectively. That's why SSRIs (selective-serotonin reuotake inhibitor) and NDRIs (norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor) are commonly prescribed for depression. A reuptake inhibitor stops your nerve cells from swallowing up 'extra' neurotransmitters floating around your brain before they have a chance to be used."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How do ancient buildings get buried over time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do ancient buildings get buried over time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Years, and years, and years of weathering, erosion, storms, and sand and soil buildup from the wind and said storms."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does our hearing muffle when we stretch?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does our hearing muffle when we stretch?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The ear has a Eustachian tube which is a pressure regulator in order to prevent your ears from popping out. When pressure changes in your ears the Eustachian tube which is normally closed opens. It also opens when you chew, yawn or stretch. So the reason we don\u2019t hear external sounds as well when we stretch\/yawn is that when the Eustachian tube is opened, the sound through the Eustachian tube fills the middle ear, thus reducing the ability to amplify the sound from the ear canal."} {"category":"Physics","question":"One of my friends told me that nothing would change if we declare electron as positive and proton as negative from this moment, is he right? Please explain","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n One of my friends told me that nothing would change if we declare electron as positive and proton as negative from this moment, is he right? Please explain","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes he is right. It's like if I called you Jeff instead of john. And some guy named john Jeff. It doesn't change who you are physically. Just how you are identified."} {"category":"Technology","question":"In the movies when banks are robbed, the thieves demand \"unmarked non-consecutive bills\" or something along those lines. How do the authorities track bills?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In the movies when banks are robbed, the thieves demand \"unmarked non-consecutive bills\" or something along those lines. How do the authorities track bills?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Bills can be marked with special inks or other concealed markers, and serial numbers can be recorded and reported to banks and law enforcement agencies."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why does water become solid at a certain temperature instead of gradually becoming more firm?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does water become solid at a certain temperature instead of gradually becoming more firm?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well there are substances which behave as you describe, they are called amorphous. So something like butter. If you take it from fridge it is firm, if you let it warm up it becomes more and more soft. What separates water from butter in terms of solidifying is that water creates cristals while solidifying, while butter does not (at least on big scale). So in butter while you cool it particles have less and less energy, they come closer to each other, intermollecular interactions increase, it becomes gradually firmer. Water on the other hand while in appropriate conditions starts creating cristals in its internal structure. So this moment of transition makes bigger difference in terms of firmness. In liquid molecules are loosely bonded, while in solid molecules are firmly held in place. This is at least how I understand this."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Betting odds! 4-1 odds. 7-4 odds. What does it mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Betting odds! 4-1 odds. 7-4 odds. What does it mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Those style of odds are called \"Fractional odds.\" The first number is how much you win relative to how much you bet (the second number) So 7\/4 odds mean that if you bet $4, and the outcome happens, you win $7 (plus your original $4.) 4\/1 odds mean that if you bet $1 and it happens, you win $4 (plus your original $1)"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is there a bump in the middle of an impacts crater?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there a bump in the middle of an impacts crater?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's called the rebound effect. Impacts of that much magnitude cause solid objects (like dirt and rock) to act more like a fluid. Look up slow motion water drops on YouTube. You will see that the water comes back and makes a little blip in the center after the initial \"impact\". It works the same way. I'm not sure exactly how the fluid dynamics portion of it works."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"How do children acquire word meaning?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do children acquire word meaning?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most of it is context and repetition. You see a dog, you point at the dog, you say \"dog\". Your kid associates all things that shape with being a dog. Then you repeat that a million times a day for everything you see. With other words, like \"what is that?\" They learn from our tone, and from what we leave out of our sentence. You see a dog, you point at a dog, you don't say \"dog\" so your kid says it for you. You get excited, they know they've succeeded. Plus listening to people talk normally helps them figure out what order words go in."} {"category":"Other","question":"Can you survive eating only oatmeal, beans, and brocoli?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can you survive eating only oatmeal, beans, and brocoli?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most likely you would survive, but it's not clear if you would thrive. Only a registered dietician would be qualified to properly assess your health, lifestyle, and habits and determine whether that diet would be appropriate and healthy for you. Seek professional advice before choosing a diet so unusually limiting. In general, a diet with more variety is good."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is a flight with a layover typically cheaper than a direct flight?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is a flight with a layover typically cheaper than a direct flight?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The consumer wants a direct flight (high demand) and there are fewer of those (low supply). There are more connecting flights (high supply) but people don't prioritize them (low demand). Basic economics means that prices for the nonstops will be much higher. The plane has to fly its route anyway so the additional cost you create by flying an additional flight is negligible to the airline, especially as they can almost certainly sell the individual legs to someone who wants those shorter flights nonstop."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why are prehistoric animals so much larger than their modern day counterparts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are prehistoric animals so much larger than their modern day counterparts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well, the pleistocene megafauna of the last ice ages like the mammoths and giant ground sloths and wooly rhinoceroses and the glyptodonts, etcetera, were mostly all killed off by humans and climate change. Humans love to kill big game for social status. As soon as humans arrive on any continent you see a sudden collapse of big game populations in the fossil record. Megafauna evolve to be so large so that they can generally outsize their predators; but humans are just too damn good at killing things for megafauna to survive by being too large to kill. As for the dinosaurs, especially the sauropods, which were the largest dinosaurs that ever lived, they had a few traits that made it easier for them to get very large: 1. Dinosaurs had hollow bones that were much lighter for the same volume as mammalian bones. Less weight makes it easier to move around when you are large-bodied; 2. Dinosaurs laid eggs, instead of giving birth to live young. Large mammals have to be pregnant for longer the larger they are. Elephants are pregnant for two years before giving birth! Any larger than that and simply reproducing becomes untenable. Big dinosaurs like sauropods could lay clutches of hundreds of small eggs and then just abandon them, letting the little babies fend for themselves. This is a much less energy intensive way of reproducing that mammals cannot exploit; 3. Mammals, being warm blooded, have difficulty shedding excess internal heat if they get too large. After a certain size, a mammal's internal organs would be boiled by their own body heat. Sauropods were probably not warm-blooded, and instead their enormous mass allowed them to maintain body temperature through thermal inertia. 4. Sauropods' long necks allowed them to feed from a large area of land without having to move their bodies very far, and their mode of digesting plant matter, hind-gut fermentation, scales well with size. 5. The climate in the age of the dinosaurs was warmer, meaning there were more plants to eat, more oxygen to breathe, and warmer temperatures to support the growth of cold-blooded and meso-thermic animals."} {"category":"Biology","question":"-How do plants move to face the sun?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n -How do plants move to face the sun?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Plants produce a hormone called auxin. It is produced in the top of the stem and moves downwards. Auxin has the ability to promote elongation of cells (stretching). The area that sunlight hits on a plant blocks the flow of auxin, causing an imbalance that results in one side having elongating cells whilst the others remain the same. As one side elongates, it causes the stem to bend, pointing towards the light. [This image gives a great visual depiction.]( URL_0 :) IAA is the auxin"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"You often \"subtle hints of apricot\" or other fruits in wine descriptions. How do they get these different notes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n You often \"subtle hints of apricot\" or other fruits in wine descriptions. How do they get these different notes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's just a descriptor, an attempt from the wine taster to describe the flavor of the grape. Like when you say \"tastes like chicken,\" it doesn't really mean there's chicken in the dish."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why are right angles 90\u00b0 and circles 360\u00b0? Why not make them 100\u00b0 and 400\u00b0 respectively to make our lives easier?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are right angles 90\u00b0 and circles 360\u00b0? Why not make them 100\u00b0 and 400\u00b0 respectively to make our lives easier?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The 360 degree circle was invented before fractions and decimals were invented. 360 is a good number then because it you can use it to evenly divide a circle by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40, 45, 60, 72, 90, 120, 180 and 360 without fractions."} {"category":"Biology","question":"if female orgasms are better than men\u2019s, then why are men typically the ones who bother females about having sex and not the other way around?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n if female orgasms are better than men\u2019s, then why are men typically the ones who bother females about having sex and not the other way around?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"Better\" is subjective. Has anybody ever been biologically male, and then biologically female, and compared the two? I don't think so. So we can't ever actually compare them."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does lighting in a concert interfere with musical equipment?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does lighting in a concert interfere with musical equipment?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Although LEDs and other technologies are becoming more commonplace and have their own funky ways of dimming them built in, a lot of stage lighting still uses a variant of the old fashioned filament bulb that you might have in any number of lights at home, assuming you've not fitted some sort of energy saving bulb anyway. The most common way of dimming these is with a device called a triac. A triac is a sort of electronic switch. When we dim a light, what we actually do is use the triac to cut the power to it for short periods of time (fractions of a second). Because the filament in the bulb stays hot enough to continue glowing for the short periods where there's now power our eyes don't see the periods where there's no power being applied, but the effect is that in all we're pumping less power into the light, and it's therefore less bright. Now, the problem here is that every time we cut the power or put it back in, it causes a little spike of current to appear on the electrical system. If we've got sound gear attached to the same supply as dimmers, then these spikes that are coming from our dimmers can cause interference in the sound kit."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do game anti cheats, like BattlEye or GameGuard work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do game anti cheats, like BattlEye or GameGuard work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are different flags that can be detected to assume someone is trying to tamper the game, such as debugging another process (the game in this case), accessing the memory mapped to that game, running the game in a virtualized environment, tampering the binary or assets and many more. Anti-cheat try to detect those abnormal behaviors targeting the game's process."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What are the cognitive mechanism that drive us to consider suicide? Wouldn't the act of thinking about ending our existence be selected against or at the very least incredibly repressed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the cognitive mechanism that drive us to consider suicide? Wouldn't the act of thinking about ending our existence be selected against or at the very least incredibly repressed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When your limbic system is taking over your frontal lobe, the innate disposition of fearing demise is receded and the only thing left to relax the soul is taking your own life unfortunately. It's more of a mental illness as being suicidal is a minor state of psychosis, therefore all sorts of rational thinking is thrown out the window and what a normal person would usually express (fear of death) is now an emotionless entity."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do chemists predict what will happen in a reaction?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do chemists predict what will happen in a reaction?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yeah, man. Chemists have a *very* good idea of what will happen in a reaction; mostly dependent on the electron\/bond arrangement and physical arrangement of the molecules. There aren't hard and fast laws, but there are reliable conventions that usually hold true. And you can get a decent sense of which molecules are less likely to behave \"correctly\" if you do some chemistry coursework. You aren't going to run into too much math in pure chemistry (a few equations here and there dealing with equilibrium\/concentration\/pH) unless you delve into quantum chemistry... which I wouldn't. I'm a chemical engineer, which takes chemistry and forces tons of math onto it to approximate all sorts of chemical properties and interactions. But the majority of it is backtracking; observing chemistry in action and fitting useful models to the data. Thermodynamics is where it gets a bit theoretical and \"laws of the universe\" related. If you like this kind of stuff, google something like the Peng-Robinson model, which tries to describe states of matter using a purely modeled equation and physical conditions. Using a model like this, a computer can do chemistry for you computationally. It's kinda nuts. Also, most feasible reactions have been attempted and documented, or very similar reactions have been, so there aren't a ton of guys just mixing stuff together to see what will happen."} {"category":"Other","question":"what is identity crisis? And how can one be aware of it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is identity crisis? And how can one be aware of it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This can be difficult to explain. So you have an idea of who you are. \"I'm smart. I'm funny. I like girls. I like jazz. I hate chocolate. Etc etc etc. Moreso, you have things that you believe about yourself which are not up for discussion. I would never do X. I will always do Y. Sometimes it's just a general idea of picturing yourself as successful when you're older. An identity crisis can happen when you discover that something you've long and deeply believed about yourself turns out to not really be true. Sometimes it's when people lose somebody they rely on in life, and they \"don't know who they are\" without that person. Your identity is how you view yourself. Who you consider yourself to be. When something happens that destroys that image, or destroys your ability to live up to that image, you might have an identity crisis. So if you think you're a great singer, and you always sing along to songs, and sing loud and proud to anybody who can hear, then one day your friends of many decades come together to tell you that you're tone deaf and can't sing, you might have an identity... Shift... Like a mini crisis. However, if you built your life around your singing, and you use your singing to describe yourself, and you pursue a music degree, and you work hard and THEN you find out that you're tone deaf.... What the fuck do you do now? You've never planned for a life where you weren't a good singer. Also, you start remembering soooo many instances where you were just belting out song in front of so many people and now you realize you sounded awful the while time. You probably ruined get together for some people. You start to wonder how to describe yourself now that your favorite thing doesn't fit anymore. What the hell are you going to do with your life?! WHO EVEN ARE YOU ANYMORE?!?! WHAT WILL YOU DO WITH YOUR LIFE?!?!?! AAAAAAAHHH! That's an identity crisis"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How high up can a person potentially live?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How high up can a person potentially live?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Highest human settlement is 5950 meters or 19000ft. If a normal ocean elevation person even gets up to 3000m, you'll be plenty light headed. I sure was after only 10 minutes of walking around and needed to sit down for half hour to catch my breath."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is the difference between Red Ocean Strategy and Blue Ocean Strategy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between Red Ocean Strategy and Blue Ocean Strategy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Took some adderall, so bear with me: #Read Ocean Strategy **Basics** * You are competing in an established market. * The market's saturated with competition, little potential for \"a new guy\" * A very fine line of cost vs quality is walked in order to maximize profits * i.e. Switching sugars in soda to cheaper high fructose corn syrup (govt. subsidized) * Exploit the current demand * i.e: 3 different plans you can purchase * 1. $5, Practically nothing * 2. $15, What you need minus a few things * 3. $20, What you need and a ton of cool new things! * What sane person would get #2 when for $5 more you can get a lot more features **Examples** 1. Movie Rental places like BlockBuster, Family Rentals, and Your Local Video Store are all 99% identical. All competing for the same demand. 2. A new grocery store chain opening in your town (you're not suddenly going to need double the food, someone will lose your business). 3. Verizon vs AT & T or Sprint vs T-Mobile 4. Ford's lineup of SUV's vs Chevy's lineup of SUV's Basically anywhere a static demand market already exists. #Blue Ocean Strategy **Basics** * You create your market * You create your demand * Competition is irrelevant Rather than join an already saturated market, you innovate and create an entirely new subset of the industry. **Examples** 1. Apple created the market for online music and pay per song (iTunes), and the tablet computer (iPad) 2. Netflix is what Blockbuster could have become if they took a blue ocean approach 3. The Nintendo WII and it's wireless motion control 4. Twitter * Facebook was profile based. About you, interests, education, work, photos, thoughts, friends, blah blah. * Instagram was for Sharing pictures * Twitter was \"You have 140 characters to say something, make it fast\" #**TL-DR:** **Red Ocean:** Blockbuster **Blue Ocean:** Uber, the world\u2019s largest taxi company, owns no vehicles. Facebook, the world\u2019s most popular media owner, creates no content. Airbnb, the world\u2019s largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate. [*src*]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do companies like namecheap and godaddy own the right to sell you domain names?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do companies like namecheap and godaddy own the right to sell you domain names?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don't actually \"own\" the domains you're buying, they act more like brokers. They are known as Domain Name Registrars. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is basically in charge of the internet and the virtual \"space\" it allows others to occupy. Think of GoDaddy as a car dealership. They do not manufacture the cars, but they provide the transaction and support services so that you can buy one. You wouldn't go to a Toyota factory to buy a car - you'd go to a dealership. Registrars like GoDaddy, NameCheap, Squarespace, etc. are all just virtual brokers or dealerships that set aside a domain of your choice (if the name is available) and offer technical support, something the manufacturer (ICANN) does not. EDIT: it sometimes feels like a monopoly because there are some big established players, but anyone can start their own registrar the same way anyone can open their own car dealership. There's an application process and I'd imagine a sizable buy-in"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do phone apps use so much data?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do phone apps use so much data?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I can't speak to all phone apps. That's far too large of a question. However, depending on which reddit app you're using, it might be pre-loading pictures or video so that when you click on them they pop up instantly. That, of course, means that you are downloading every single one, not just the ones that you click on. This should be configurable in the app settings."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do they always use that small collection of simple monotones in EAS warnings and messages?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do they always use that small collection of simple monotones in EAS warnings and messages?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That funny collection of sounds is actually the header of the message, it helps with automating it. It carries information on what the alert is, who sent it, where it should be repeated, and how long its valid. This can be decoded by EAS equipment which is listening for this header and will decide if it should rebroadcast the alert automatically. Having the message carry the necessary information is important. In the event of a national emergency, its not a good idea to bet on someone in the radio station promptly playing it, its much better to have equipment waiting for a signal which will trigger it to repeat the message. The header is repeated 3 times to ensure that it gets through correctly, then three quick bursts to get your attention are played, followed by the actual human readable message."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do cars vibrate more when still in comparison to when they are moving?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do cars vibrate more when still in comparison to when they are moving?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your car likely has a part that exists between your engine and your transmission called a torque converter. Your engine and transmission aren't directly connected by a solid rod, they're split by the torque converter, which is full of fluid. It allows the two to slip past one another, and provide bursts of extra torque when your car needs it. If you idle at a stoplight while still in Drive, your engine is still spinning, but your brakes have your transmission locked up. All of the force of your engine is being dissipated by your torque converter, which is slipping, and this causes a great deal of the shuddering. Put your car in neutral when you idle. The shuddering will decrease substantially and it's better for your torque converter. There's a reason why you can pop your gearshift between Drive and Neutral without pressing the gearshift switch."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is the presence of speed cameras always announced by speed limit signs around them? Isn't the point to secretly catch people speeding?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the presence of speed cameras always announced by speed limit signs around them? Isn't the point to secretly catch people speeding?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The initial purpose of the police is not to catch as many people as possible but to prevent crimes from happening in the first place. When they tell you in advance that there will be speed cameras, you're less likely to drive too fast, which is their objective."} {"category":"Other","question":"why are eletric cars less harmful to the planet than oil cars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why are eletric cars less harmful to the planet than oil cars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Simple reason: they burn gas for for fuel. Many and most companies don't use coal for fuel anymore so the energy from grid electricity is cleaner than by an internal combustion engine. Nuclear, hydro and green power technologies make these sources of power much less of an emitter of greenhouse gases. Even power that is generated through combustion has gone towards natural gas or biofuels because of emissions regulations. So it's still cleaner, and watt for watt of power less expensive than gasoline powered cars."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do many multimillionaires collect huge painting collections, and then give them to a museum?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do many multimillionaires collect huge painting collections, and then give them to a museum?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In addition to the other responses, some rich folks buy expensive art and then *loan* it to a museum. Museums tend not to have enough money to outright buy artwork so rich people step in to help."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"When it rains, why does some dirt turn into mud, and some into just... wet dirt?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When it rains, why does some dirt turn into mud, and some into just... wet dirt?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you say 'dirt' =, what youre referring to is a mix of lots of different types of soils. If the soil has a lot of clay, it turns into mud. The reason is that clay is 'waterproof' so the water doesnt go inside the dirt, it just sticks to it, making it very slippery and easy to move aka mud. If the dirt is made of say peat, or chalk, or other minerals, it actually absorbs the water like a sponge, meaning it doesnt get as slippery or easy to move. The other thing is drainage - if the dirt is loose and deep, the water drains to the bottom very quickly, meaning there is less at the top to make it slippery and muddy. If drainage is poor, the water just sits there and creates mud."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"If kids only learn the common core method of basic math (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), does that groundwork prepare them adequately for more advanced math?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If kids only learn the common core method of basic math (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), does that groundwork prepare them adequately for more advanced math?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes. If a child can multiply 12 and 4 and get 48, it doesn't really matter to an algebra teacher what method they used to arrive at the conclusion, as long as applying the same rules to 13 x 3 would give an answer of 39. I think the common core style of addition\/subtraction might even be better preparation for algebra. A lot of the confusion that middle school kids have with subtraction and negative numbers are easier to grasp if you think of addition and subtraction as movement along the number line instead of increasing and decreasing quantities of objects."} {"category":"Other","question":"What does \"the more things change the more they stay the same\" mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does \"the more things change the more they stay the same\" mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Generally is used as a cynical confirmation of things never improving. One might say it when a new politicians who promised change turns out to be corrupt like the one before or when a new job is boring like the one you left."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do social networking sites earn money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do social networking sites earn money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We\u2019re the product, not the customer. Facebook is providing us to the companies that pay to advertise on it."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do schools still insist on standardized tests even though all the teachers and students find them to be dumb?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do schools still insist on standardized tests even though all the teachers and students find them to be dumb?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Pretty simple. Because they are easy to grade and organize students based on a score. There are much better ways to gauge learning, but they require a lot more time and effort than filling in bubbles and running them through a machine."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What's the hold up with the ability for residents to text 911 for emergencies? Is it a technology-related problem? Jurisdictional?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the hold up with the ability for residents to text 911 for emergencies? Is it a technology-related problem? Jurisdictional?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is a technological hurdle and then the organizations willingness to upgrade their systems. Legacy 911 call routing applications only handle voice as that was all that was required or envisioned at the time. Voice is a lot easier to hand off to PSAP (public safety access points) than text is. Most text based applications for 911 require persistent connections during a texting session because you wouldn't want the first text to go to operator 1 who responds, but the second text goes to operator 2 who has no awareness or has to read the original lines to get up to speed. This requires some modern network features, software applications, and upgraded hardware usually. Due to these reasons not only does the 911 carrier (Verizon, att, frontier, etc) have to upgrade their systems to support this, but the PSAP network has to be reconfigure and most likely new workstations deployed for the operators that support the text functions. All of this cost a lot of time and money. Source: created deployment plans for 911 provider to upgrade to text"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do people in the US refuse pay raises to not get into higher tax brackets?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people in the US refuse pay raises to not get into higher tax brackets?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Its not just about tax brackets, which other replies in this thread seem to maybe not understand. Lets say I have a family of 3 with an income of $80800. With this, I see an estimate of [$8270 financial help]( URL_0 ) with insurance. If I get a $1 raise, putting me at $80801, [I lose all of that assistance]( URL_1 )"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does salt improve the flavor of food so much?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does salt improve the flavor of food so much?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sodium ions in salt block bitter taste from foods, making it more palatable. They also enhance sweetness, which I guess is why some people put it on watermelon."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is the big bang seen as a singular event, and not a continuous event among most scientists?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the big bang seen as a singular event, and not a continuous event among most scientists?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It was originally though that yes the expansion would slow down and then reverse because of gravity. But it's not the case. When you look at far away star we see a redshift of the light, meaning that those star are going away from us. And even more importantly, the further a star is from us, the more redshift we see. Meaning that the further a star is the faster it's going away from us. So the expansion isn't slowing down, it's accelerating. This mean that there is a repulsive force (the inverse of gravity), accelerating the expansion of the universe. This force is called Dark Energy because we don't know much about it. But it basically expand the fabric of space, carrying stars and galaxy with it. This force is really small, but it's in every volume of space. So when stars and galaxies are close enough, gravity is stronger. But as distance increase between matter, gravity become weaker and weaker, while the Dark Energy become stronger (since there is more space that expand between these object). So galaxies close to each other merge over time, but those further expand further away from each other. So gravity won't create a big crunch like we used to think before."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does freezing water in an ice tray only sometimes form ice cube \u2018stalagmites\u2019?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does freezing water in an ice tray only sometimes form ice cube \u2018stalagmites\u2019?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"IT is pretty simple - ice expands as it freezes. Ice first forms around the outside of the ice cube, and over the top, locking the water inside. But as that water continues to freeze, it expands, creating a crack in the ice and forcing water through it. That ice freezes around the outside, and more water is pushed upwards through it, forming a tube. Water keeps being pushed out and freezing on the top - forming a spike. This can also happen on freezing puddles and small lakes, forming enormous spikes."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does rubbing the rim of a glass with your finger produce a sound?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does rubbing the rim of a glass with your finger produce a sound?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Friction. When you rub the rim of the glass with your finger, friction is generated, that friction generates small vibrations that are transmitted to the rest of the glass that creates resonance and with this, an audible sound. Water helps control the tone because the vibrations are transmitted to the water instead of the exposed glass."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If the universe gravitates to a state that maximizes entropy (i.e.: disorder) according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, then how does life exist?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the universe gravitates to a state that maximizes entropy (i.e.: disorder) according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, then how does life exist?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The 2nd law only applies to *total* entropy of closed systems. There's no reason you can't have local concentrations of lower entropy, like life, as long as you have a net gain overall. There's also no reason you can't have an entropy drop of an open system, like earth, as long as you have an energy supply from outside the system (the sun). People like to poke at life because they're hoping it's a gotcha against evolution and an argument for intelligent design, but you might as well ask \"How can my fridge work? It's getting colder, lower entropy!\". Yes, entropy in the fridge is getting lower but the entropy outside the fridge is getting higher (and by more) so total entropy is still going up."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why can't the telescope act as a microscope and vise versa?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't the telescope act as a microscope and vise versa?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The lenses are not set up right. One has lenses to focus on something really close one very far away. The lens arrangement, size shape and position inside of an optic decides how it works."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why do flies seem to only want to fly near humans despite there being an entire world around them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do flies seem to only want to fly near humans despite there being an entire world around them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The scientific explanation is. Flies have found that humans produce food. And when flies have food they can lay eggs near said food so their offspring has a greater chance of living."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"What is happening when you hear or see something for the first time and suddenly hear or see it everywhere?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is happening when you hear or see something for the first time and suddenly hear or see it everywhere?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's referred to as a frequency illusion out the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon. Often it's all around you but you never thought about it and suddenly it comes to your attention"} {"category":"Physics","question":"; if the universe is constantly expanding, what is it expanding into?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n ; if the universe is constantly expanding, what is it expanding into?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It isn't expanding *into* anything. Imagine an infinitely large rubber sheet, with a grid drawn on it so that the lines are 1\" apart. Now, *streeeetch* that rubber sheet so that every line on the grid is now 2\" apart instead - that's the expansion of the universe. Notice how it didn't expand *into* anything? The sheet is still infinite in all directions, it's just that now the grid spaces are further apart."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What does a SOC Analyst actually do?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does a SOC Analyst actually do?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Monitor and dig thru data from specialized tools to catch bad guys doing bad things in your network."} {"category":"Physics","question":"When light is reflected, how doesn't its velocity ever 0?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When light is reflected, how doesn't its velocity ever 0?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"What you perceive as reflection (macroscopically) is actually the absorption and immediate re-emission of light by the electrons that make up the molecules and atoms of a substance (microscopically). The original light ends on an electron, and new light is created by the electron. There is no deceleration or change in speed of the light. It (the photon) merely ceases to exist. All light begins and ends on a charged particle (typically electrons)."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Is there a difference between a high end CPU running at 5GHZ and a low end (overclocked) CPU running the same speed? Without counting the obvious CORE count","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there a difference between a high end CPU running at 5GHZ and a low end (overclocked) CPU running the same speed? Without counting the obvious CORE count","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your CPU is not only the clock speed. There are other factors, like cache size, PCIe version, drivers, and so on. If your CPU runs at 5GHz standard it is probably much newer and has not only a better clock speed, but is better any metric that determines its abilities. So it is not a given, that the high end CPU is better, but very probable."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is ice slippery but glass isn't?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is ice slippery but glass isn't?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most things get smaller when they get colder- it's a principle called \"thermal contraction.\" Most things get bigger when they get hotter- \"thermal expansion.\" Solids are denser than liquids. Water is weird in that it doesn't work this way. When water becomes ice, it actually because slightly larger because of its molecular structure. Ice forms in a \"lattice\" of water molecules. When you step on ice, it physically breaks some of this lattice, compressing it down into water. The water that you just made sort of lubricates the surface of the ice."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How is putting files in the recycle bin any different from a regular folder?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is putting files in the recycle bin any different from a regular folder?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It isn't. The recycle bin is just another folder. The operating system is going to associate meta data to that folder through some mechanic that when you \"empty the trash\", it implies this folder has its contents deleted. That's it. Nothing special. And your user interface has shortcuts, like if you hit Shift + Del, typically the file is deleted without going to the recycle bin. No computer is going to automagically delete the contents of the recycle bin unless you explicitly configure it to do so. This might be done by a network admin on a company or school computer, but this is not the behavior of a personal PC. If you're running out of disk space, the UI may suggest you empty it. On Unix type systems there is a \/tmp directory that is temporary, and you can't be sure that anything you put there will stay there. Again, the filesystem doesn't give a shit, it's just another folder, there has to be some higher level program that looks to it specifically and a standard protocol that dictates convention. Typically on a Unix system, the tmp folder can be scheduled to be purged if the disk is running full, or the directory starts reaching a certain size, or it may get purged at shutdown or startup. The kind of data that goes here should typically be cached data where if it were gone, the data could be obtained another way, the \/tmp data would just be an optimization. Other things that go in there are lock files, whose presence means some other file is in use, or some process is running. If the filesystem supports locking open files, then the program can open the file and forbid the drive from being unmounted or the file being read or written to by any other program. You can clear this folder and those open files would remain since they're still in use. Not all of this is a best practice anymore because some of what I mentioned has inherent flaws and new features of operating systems can make some of that old fashioned."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If light is mass-less, what is keeping it from having an infinite velocity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If light is mass-less, what is keeping it from having an infinite velocity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is *exactly* the line of thinking which started Einstein on the path to relativity. His solution was to posit that the speed of light *is* infinite from the standpoint of the universe. This is why it is never possible to exceed, or even reach, the speed of light in a vacuum. So it\u2019s less that the speed of light is a cosmic speed limit that nothing can ever surpass, and more that it\u2019s a cosmic horizon that nothing can ever catch up to. The triumph of relativity is in explaining why it is that light doesn\u2019t instantaneously propagate between two points in space. How it does this gets quite complicated, but one way to think about it is that the time it takes light to move from one point to another is actually the time it takes for space time itself to change to accommodate a changed state in some other location. The propagation of changes in space time itself is what gives light its perceived velocity."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What exactly does Pty Ltd mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly does Pty Ltd mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Pty = Proprietary = shares are privately held, not publicly traded. Ltd = Limited Liability = the shareholders are not personally liable for the company's finances. The general term for this is [private limited company] ( URL_0 ). In the USA the closest match would be a LLC."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does antiperspirant deodorant actually stop you sweating?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does antiperspirant deodorant actually stop you sweating?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Antiperspirants contain aluminum salts that will block sweat. When they come into contact with sweat they form a gel that blocks your sweat glands."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why can't a browser just stop and resume downloads later, like a torrent can?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't a browser just stop and resume downloads later, like a torrent can?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most websites send you files by pointing your internet browser to their warehouse address and say \"Come pick up your package whenever you want it\" but your computer still has to do the work and go \"pick it up\" itself. You can't compartmentalize it (generally, but this is ELI5). With torrents, instead of being told to come pick up your whole package they basically have a whole bunch of different warehouses all around the world (One for screws, one for the wood frame, one for the couch cushions etc). Instead of being told \"Here's where your package is so come get it\" a torrent will first send your computer a file that's basically \"Here is an itemized list of every single box that you're going to need shipped to you one by one\" and the file is also a \"Here is how you let every single warehouse know whenever it's time for you to ask for their box\/part.\" tl;dr Most websites just tell you to pick up the couch from their house but torrents will break it down and mail it to you one screw at a time Source: Am Network Engineer Edit: I know this is more like ELI12 but I don't think 5 year olds understand that we've taught rocks to do math. Also thank you for the award, anon."} {"category":"Other","question":"How does music copyrighting work? If an old song made a melody famous and a newer song used the exact same melody, is that considered taking someone's intellectual property?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does music copyrighting work? If an old song made a melody famous and a newer song used the exact same melody, is that considered taking someone's intellectual property?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They listed Rodgers and Hammerstein as songwriters. So, she had permission and Rodgers and Hammerstein get paid royalties. URL_0"} {"category":"Other","question":"in tv shows how much of the next season they film while filming the previous one, for continuity reason and stuff, or how they make them transition seamlessly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n in tv shows how much of the next season they film while filming the previous one, for continuity reason and stuff, or how they make them transition seamlessly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Given the large break in between seasons, it is highly unlikely that any filming for a future season will be going while at the same time filming for a current season. For a TV Show, you're almost certainly only ever filming one episode at a time, as you have production schedules to meet and a single episode requires weeks of production around it. Continuity is maintained simply by paying attention to it and hiring staff to enforce it. The producers and writers will typically come up with what is known as a \"show bible.\" It's like the written wiki for that show, updated and maintained as the show progresses. That covers continuity at a larger level. Episode-to-episode is usually because you have a somewhat static pool of writers. They develop a collective tone and continuity over the series, which is why many series can change drastically if they writers change. Lastly, in scene-to-scene you have specific staff members whose job it is to make sure things look the same from shot to shot (since not all shots are done in show order) so that continuity is maintained."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What makes it impossible for us to reach the core of the Earth in any way and how are do we know whats underneath us, if were unable to get even remotly close to it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What makes it impossible for us to reach the core of the Earth in any way and how are do we know whats underneath us, if were unable to get even remotly close to it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s impossible for us to reach the core of the Earth because we don\u2019t have the engineering capability to tunnel into places at such high pressures and temperatures. The temperature will melt any equipment we use and the pressure will close any gap that we make. Mines in the crust require various methods of support and bracing to keep the cavity open and they are still dangerous places to due to mine collapses. To give you a sense of scale of the Earth, the apple analogy is a fairly good one. If the Earth was the size of an apple, the crust would be approximate to the skin of the apple in terms of its thickness. Now that you can picture this, know that we have never tunnelled beyond the crust. All of the coal and minerals and precious metals we have ever mined have been from the crust. The deepest hole we have ever drilled when the Russians were specifically trying to reach the mantle was a little over 12 km deep (the Kola-Superdeep borehole), and they had to give up due to temperatures overheating the drilling equipment. At this spot in the continental crust, it was about halfway to the mantle. Below the crust there is still **another 2850 km or so** of mantle before you reach the outer core. This is all solid rock, though the mantle behaves more like an extremely viscous plastic-y solid, so would likely be much more challenging to drill through even if we overcame the temperature issue. Even invisaging fantastical future technologies, it is *extremely* unlikely that we will ever drill anywhere near the Earth\u2019s core."} {"category":"Other","question":"Everyone is mad about a football thing that just happened and I dont know what it is, can someone explain?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Everyone is mad about a football thing that just happened and I dont know what it is, can someone explain?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"12 of the richest football clubs in Europe (6 of them from England) want to set up an elite league which they control who else gets to join. The current midweek competition, the Champions League is in theory open to all as qualification is based on a team's league position. By having a closed European Super League, they don't have to worry about not qualifying for it each year and therefore missing out on millions. It's a classic case of the rich wanting to get richer and screw everyone else."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"The sun heats the earth, and it takes 8ish minutes for the sunlight to reach earth. Does any of the light from all the other stars we can see heat up the earth, even the tiniest bit?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n The sun heats the earth, and it takes 8ish minutes for the sunlight to reach earth. Does any of the light from all the other stars we can see heat up the earth, even the tiniest bit?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes, any wave from any part of the EMF spectrum will technically add energy to whatever it comes in contact with. Of course it's going to be extremely neglible since the energy transfer follows an inverse square law, the same as gravity."} {"category":"Technology","question":"If rifle barrels are rifled, made to fit 1 type of bullet and last a long time, how come shotgun barrels arent destroyed after having a bunch of metal shot bouncing around in them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If rifle barrels are rifled, made to fit 1 type of bullet and last a long time, how come shotgun barrels arent destroyed after having a bunch of metal shot bouncing around in them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most shotgun barrels are smooth bore, meaning that they are a straight pipe with smooth sides. The shot is held together by a \"wad\" which is like a little cup that separates the shot from the powder. Rifled shotgun barrels are available for slugs, though."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Where does the wax in a candle go when it is burned?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does the wax in a candle go when it is burned?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Up in smoke. But no really, the materials break down and get expelled into the air. It's fuel for the candle."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How dose the house always win? Are they simply cheating?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How dose the house always win? Are they simply cheating?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Every game is designed to give the house an edge. It\u2019s not cheating it\u2019s in the game rules. Gamblers are stupid enough to see that the house is making money off of you and yet they still try."} {"category":"Other","question":"Whats in between an atom?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Whats in between an atom?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Nothing, just empty space. Also, to be more specific, it's not really a ring, more like a cloud (called the atomic orbital) that can have different forms. It describes the position of the electron (as a wave) or a chance of it being located at any specific point (as a particle), quantum mechanics are complicated."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why can animals drink from stagnant water, but when humans do it they get sick?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can animals drink from stagnant water, but when humans do it they get sick?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Animals don't drink from stagnant water Oh you mean like from a dirty River? We've become isolated from animals, we are far more susceptible to illness than our natural counterparts, basically we've lost our immunity to them and after the thousands of years we've been separated from nature the diseases have changed and made it harder for us to catch up"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why does paper turn yellow and brittle as it ages?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does paper turn yellow and brittle as it ages?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Wood pulp from trees is made up of two major substances: lignin and cellulose. To make paper, we want just the cellulose part. So ordinary papermaking uses a strong acid, sulfuric acid, to break down the lignin in a sort of \"cooking\" process. They mostly neutralize the mash before making paper out of the remaining cellulose, but not entirely. So over time, the leftover acidity in the paper gradually attacks it, breaking down the cellulose (which is much more resistant than lignin, but still, it's acid) and causing that sort of aging. For long-term survival, that's why people use \"acid-free\" paper. It costs more but the papermakers use extra care to fully neutralize it. Whereas something meant to be thrown away quickly, like newspaper, uses the cheaper and still very acidic paper. It can start yellowing a day after it's printed."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"What causes paralyzing procrastination on important tasks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes paralyzing procrastination on important tasks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your brain is made to protect your from pain. Events in the past that caused stress, fear, other negative emotions are more likely to be events you\u2019ll procrastinate on in the future. Thus avoiding potential pain. URL_0"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How can the same size and type of rechargeable battery have different capacities?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can the same size and type of rechargeable battery have different capacities?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You can pack more active chemicals in the battery, if you use more expensive, thinner films, more expensive pastes that contain more active ingredients, and wind it all much tighter to pack more in. Some really cheap cells contain only a little bit of stuff wound rather loosely, or even packed out with sand."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how does the gyroscope in mobile phones work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does the gyroscope in mobile phones work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's often called a gyroscope but phones actually don't have gyroscopes they use very tiny accelerometers to measure how the phone is orientated and being rotated"} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is Overclocking and how\/why is it used?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is Overclocking and how\/why is it used?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Running PC hardware at higher speed than it was rated for. Used to get more performance out of your hardware and also just for epeen\/bragging rights. It's possible because you can't make exact copies of hardware and so sometimes they will be able to run at higher speeds etc. Think of it as a car engine, when you buy the car it has a certain horsepower\/MPG etc, but if you change parts and mess with settings you can get more power. The manufacturers only guarrenties it will run reliable at the stock specs though."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do cold drinks feel like they quench thirst more effectively than hot\/lukewarm drinks?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do cold drinks feel like they quench thirst more effectively than hot\/lukewarm drinks?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So there's a couple of different reasons why we perceive cold water quenches our thirst more, but the honest answer is it's a trick and it doesn't. To start the cold temperature softens sharp flavors because it dulls our taste buds a little bit. Sweets become a little less sweet when cold, and tart flavors do the same. Because of this the flavor isn't as overpowering (compare room temp soda to soda on ice) and it seems more refreshing. Next the act of drinking is actually a pretty big part of the reason too. If you had IV fluid, and I drank the same amount of water, I would feel more refreshed because I actually drank the water. My tongue, mouth, and throat all sent a message to my brain saying \"oh snap that was nice\". Combine this with the fact that cold fluids are more palatable like I mentioned above, and your brain will get more of those signals. The last part is also the reason why room temperature liquid is the way to go though. When you drink cold liquid, especially that's been chilled with ice, your body really notices the drastic temperature change, and sends the full\/refreshed signal faster. The thing is though, your body has to warm that liquid to help it digest and break down and that takes calories or energy. This is why room temperature water will actually allow you to drink more, and require less work to digest. Tl:dr- Your body tricks you into thinking it is, but it's really all in your head... Edit:. Everyone is focusing in on the fact I said cold water is heated in the body. But you're focusing on the wrong paragraph. Cold water fills you faster because your body reacts to the temperature difference. The heating is unimportant except for the fact that room temp water is more efficient to drink as you can drink more. Look at it this way- If you were dehydrated with the flu and the doctor tells you to drink a lot of water, you are better off drinking room temp water over cold water. The reason is simply because you can drink more of the room temperature water before your body says \"ok that's enough\". It has nothing to do with the 8 calories needed to bring the water upto body temp."} {"category":"Biology","question":"When people eat whole honeycomb, are they eating bee larvae also?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When people eat whole honeycomb, are they eating bee larvae also?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Generally, hives separate comb by use: some is for storing pollen, some is for storing nectar, some is for storing honey, and some are for laying eggs and raising brood. It's not 100%, and stuff does get mixed up a bit. It's very possible that you could bite into a larva, but if you know what you're doing, you know what you're looking for and are going to know when there is brood rather than honey."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does the insurance company determine the value of my car in a settlement?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the insurance company determine the value of my car in a settlement?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Kia made a lot of Spectras in 2009. The insurance company will look at data on cars that are available on the used car market, mostly tradeins and from places like CarMax. They will try to find 2-3 cars that are about the same miles as yours, and then adjust for differences. It's pretty accurate, as used car prices are pretty stable. What they don't factor in is that you knew how well your car was taken care of. Some other Kia might have been in all sorts of horrible conditions, and if you went over to test-drive it you'd likely say \"this car is junk in comparison to my car\". Alas, your car isn't worth that much to anybody else, who doesn't know how you've cared for it, and it's unlikely you'd get more money from your car had you tried to sell it. Private party value is usually higher, factoring in that you wouldn't sell a bad car to somebody at work, so you're not going to get that much."} {"category":"Other","question":"How is it that even babies know if there is a wrong note in a song? How do we ALL intuitively know good pitch and bad pitch when we hear it, even if you are not musical?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is it that even babies know if there is a wrong note in a song? How do we ALL intuitively know good pitch and bad pitch when we hear it, even if you are not musical?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Humans are really good at recognizing patterns in things. So in a song you have harmony and a general flow of things going on. A sour note breaks the pattern, breaks the harmony, and it stands out. From an evolutionary perspective most animals have some sort of warning cry that something is wrong, or there is danger. It breaks the norm. So the break in harmony may trigger a repressed instinct or response."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does the process for animated movies even start and how do they make everything run perfectly together?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the process for animated movies even start and how do they make everything run perfectly together?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Movies started out as individual film photographs. Movie cameras captured live action, but once you had that long strip of film you could do stuff. Some early \"special effects\" involved inking black-and-white film prints to turn one object a color. From that experiments were done with in-camera double exposure to add sparkles to a scene. When cinematographers got tired of the limits of in-camera work, they said \"Hey, cameras can take pictures of drawings.\" and started taking pictures of drawings to add special effects. Then cartoons just gave up the live footage and did it all with drawings. Walt Disney got an academy award for his development of a multi-plane camera to better photograph cartoon drawings in 1937, and that became the standard approach."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do the web addresses for subreddits need an \/r\/ before them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do the web addresses for subreddits need an \/r\/ before them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don't \"need to\" necessarily, but that's just how Reddit has their site mapping set up"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How is it possible to have unknown elements on the periodic table where the atomic number is known but not the actual element?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is it possible to have unknown elements on the periodic table where the atomic number is known but not the actual element?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's the entire point of the **periodic** table. It was developed because we recognized that the elements have these recurring properties that fit predictable patterns. This allowed us to put them in a table based on those patterns and sort them. When we did, we noticed gaps where other elements should be. Over time we filled those gaps by discovering those elements. Theoretically, the periodic table could extend to infinity, but we usually don't list any elements that haven't yet been detected. Also, *unnamed* elements shouldn't be confused for *undetected* elements."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is the science behind a \u201csecond wind\u201d at night?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the science behind a \u201csecond wind\u201d at night?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"From an evolutionary perspective, your second wind was useful because if something was keeping you up for that long after your normal bedtime it must have been life-threatening and you need that second wind to keep from being eaten by the thing keeping you up."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Would you get more or less wet if running from A to B in heavy rain rather than walking?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Would you get more or less wet if running from A to B in heavy rain rather than walking?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is the second time in five minutes I've found a question that minutephysics' YT channel has a good answer to. It is better to run. They prove it visually, but I'll try my best to describe it: Rain hits you from two directions: the front and the top. The amount of rain that hits you from the top is controlled by how long you stand in the rain, which is probably obvious. Now, the amount of rain that hits you from the front is determined by how far you're moving. This means that, the longer you spend in the rain, the wetter you get, assuming you're traveling the same distance. If you were spending a fixed amount of time in the rain instead of a fixed distance, then it would be better to stand still, as then no rain will hit you from the front."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What happens to your muscle and fat when sitting in a hot tub for a extended period of time? What keeps your body from cooking Sous vide style?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens to your muscle and fat when sitting in a hot tub for a extended period of time? What keeps your body from cooking Sous vide style?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A hot tub is around 100F. A steak cooked sous vide to medium needs about 140F-ish water. You are WAY thicker than a steak, and you'll get out of the water way before it's uncomfortable, and it'll be uncomfortable way before you start to literally cook. And even if you left a human-sized steak in your hot tub, it'd never cook. 100F is a mild fever, your body can reach that temperature and survive."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How come balloons are so good at collecting electrons if you rub them on your hair, even though rubber and similar materials are generally terrible conductors for electricity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come balloons are so good at collecting electrons if you rub them on your hair, even though rubber and similar materials are generally terrible conductors for electricity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The static generated by rubbing a balloon only occurs because the balloon is an insulator, otherwise the charges would be able to flow freely around the balloon and the local concentration of electrons would dissipate. The balloon is able to collect electrons because the molecules have a high electron affinity, meaning they accept additional electrons and bind them into the molecular structure (so they aren't free to move)."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why are some smells stronger than others? E.g. With the same ammount of rotten egg and lavender the rotten egg would be alot more pungent","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are some smells stronger than others? E.g. With the same ammount of rotten egg and lavender the rotten egg would be alot more pungent","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In regards to the potency of a smell, as noted, the amount of gaseous molecules that it has produces or the volatility of the substance is a major reason why some smells are more pungent. In regards to your specific example, a rotten egg is undergoing decay and has many chemical reactions going on at that moment so there may simply be more odorous chemicals being produced than the flower. On top of that, the chemistry is something massively different from clear air, aka our reference point for odors. There is also an evolutionary advantage to having a negative reaction to the smell of something that is likely harmful, such as rotten food and so forth."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why are the colours blue and purple relatively rare in nature?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are the colours blue and purple relatively rare in nature?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you look at things, their coloration comes from the light they reflect while absorbing the rest. A blue object absorbs all colors while reflecting only blue light. Blue light is the part of the visible spectrum with the most energy. Since plants want to absorb as much energy as possible, they didn't evolve to reflect blue light. Pretty much the only time plants use blue pigments is when they want to attract attention. Blue flowers, blue fruits etc. Many animals get their pigments from the food they eat. Herbivores eat the plants, predators eat the herbivores. Flamingos are pink due to the red shrimp they eat. The shrimp are red due to the plants they eat. So on the one hand, blue doesn't make for good camouflage because plants don't want to be blue. And on the other hand, animals can't consume plants for their blue pigments either. Most animals that do appear blue aren't blue because of pigments (which the usual way organisms display color). Instead, they evolve textured surfaces that bend light and reflect it in a different wavelength to appear blue. As you can imagine, that's a really unusual adaptation so there's not that many animals that have it."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are hybrid animals like ligers sterile?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are hybrid animals like ligers sterile?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The generation of gamete cells (spem and eggs) is messed up by the odd distribution of chromosomes. These gamete cells therefore end up with the wrong mix of genes to create an embry that will survive the mother's biological error-checking."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How are nutrition contents in food calculated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are nutrition contents in food calculated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You can calculate the calories of food by burning it in a [calorimeter]( URL_0 ) ."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do terrorists attack civilian targets? What do they hope to gain?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do terrorists attack civilian targets? What do they hope to gain?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Terrorism is the pursuit of political aims by way of violence. Typically, terrorist groups aren't large enough, or trained well enough, or armed well enough (or any combination of all three) to take on domestic armies, meaning that a military coup or invasion is impossible. Terrorist groups try to spread their ideas through violence against the easiest potential targets, which has two factors working for it. Firstly, the chance to succeed is much higher - if you want to drive an HGV through a military base, you're likely to be stopped fairly quickly. If you drive the same HGV through a civilian crowd, you can do significantly more damage before being stopped. Secondly, the military expect to be targets. Civilians do not. When civilians are subject to attacks, the population (in theory) becomes afraid. Imagine if a country was subject to one terrorist attack per week, which killed ten people. The entire population would learn to be afraid of the next attack, because who knows who's going to die next. This leads to cries for politicians to take action to help. By attacking \"soft\" targets (targets which are relatively unprotected, like public transport\/spaces), the terrorists are ensuring that there's as little chance of stopping them as possible. It becomes difficult, therefore, for the politicians to change *domestic* policy in a way that prevents further attacks. In the eyes of the terrorists, the rational response here would be for the government to change their *foreign* policy to make the attacks stop. The easiest way to do that? Stop doing whatever you're doing that's upsetting the terrorist groups. That's effectively what the aim is. It becomes more problematic when you're looking at things like IS, whose goals are more nebulous. Edit: Formatting"} {"category":"Other","question":"What is \"the left\" and \"the right\" and all that politics stuff?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is \"the left\" and \"the right\" and all that politics stuff?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Left and Right aren't American terms. They originated in France centuries ago, during the French revolution, as the people who supported the monarchy sat on the Right in the National Assembly, and those who supported revolution sat on the Left in the National Assembly. You may not have them come up in your country, but they are used in many national politics. As for American politics... In the United States, there are two major political parties that mostly align with those stances. Democrats are the more liberal left-wing party. They support higher taxes, as they feel that money can be used to run government services like health care to help everyone. They support regulations on large corporations, saying that it will protect the environment and individual workers. They generally wish to increase our business and relations with foreign countries. They tend to support feminism, minorities, and gay rights. They want to decrease our military spending, saying that the money could be better spent elsewhere. They want to make immigration into the country easier. They want more laws regulating and controlling the sale of guns. Republicans are the more conservative right-wing party. They support lower taxes, as they feel that individuals would then be able to save their money to help themselves as they see fit. They oppose regulations on large corporations, saying that regulations hurt the economy and make people's lives worse as a result. They generally wish to have the USA focus just on internal matters and deal as little as possible with foreign countries. They tend to support traditional Christian values. They want to increase our military spending, saying that the money is best used for national defense. They want to make immigration into the country harder. They want fewer laws regulating and controlling the sale of guns. This is an over simplification, but that's the basic idea."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"What is the runaway greenhouse effect? It this for sure the thing that can end all life on Earth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the runaway greenhouse effect? It this for sure the thing that can end all life on Earth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As the planet heats up with CO2, the regular greenhouse effect, more potent gases get released such as water vapor which contribute to the greenhouse effect, speeding it up. More heating - > more gases - > more heating. It could end all life, more likely in the short term is it causes the largest holocaust ever until equilibrium is restored."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"When should one use standard deviation and when variance?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When should one use standard deviation and when variance?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Since there's a direct relationship between the two, they basically mean the same thing, they're measures of how far the samples are from the mean, they measure the \"spread\" of the data. Higher variance or higher standard deviation mean the samples are more spread out around their mean. Variance is usually mathematically more convenient; a lot of math functions don't behave well around square roots because, from a math standpoint, there's two answers to a square root (negative and positive) and this can screw up other formulas. \"Negative standard deviation\" doesn't have any meaning but the square root doesn't know that. In addition, when adding random variables, the variances just add too, which is convenient. That is \\*not\\* generally true for standard deviation. Standard deviation, as \/u\/znn94x notes, is in the same units as the data so is more intuitive. In general...use variance for all your calculations, drop it down to standard deviation when you actually want to talk about the spread of the data or need to work with distributions that take the SD as an input (very common for Excel distribution formulas, for example)."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What are the differences between the different \"caines,\" co, pro, benzo, xylo, lido, etc. and why might one be better in a certain situation than another?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are the differences between the different \"caines,\" co, pro, benzo, xylo, lido, etc. and why might one be better in a certain situation than another?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cocaine is still used in some Dentistry. \u201cCaine\u2019s\u201d are generally used to dull pain but Lidocaine can also be used in the bloodstream to calm down a irritable heart. Some are milder than others and some last longer. Benzocaine is very mild. Procaine can be combined with Penicillin when giving medicine for Gonorrhea. It\u2019s very thick so the procaine helps with pain."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do credit card issuing banks, (Chase\/Wells Fargo), processors (Visa\/MC), and merchants make money and still afford to give consumer rewards?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do credit card issuing banks, (Chase\/Wells Fargo), processors (Visa\/MC), and merchants make money and still afford to give consumer rewards?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They make a huge amount of money on consumers maintaining a balance and collecting interest. You can easily owe them hundreds of dollars per month since you have to pay them every month. They also charge businesses transaction fees."} {"category":"Other","question":"How can some employers fire\/lay off workers for seemingly no reason but others have to document things like \"write ups\" to have grounds for termination?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can some employers fire\/lay off workers for seemingly no reason but others have to document things like \"write ups\" to have grounds for termination?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends on if the company wants to deal with an unemployment claim. Laid off: You're eligible. Let go because you just didn't have the skills or just weren't a good fit: Eligible. Fired because you sent the secretary dick pics: Not eligible."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do big corporations (Nike, Amazon, etc) avoid paying federal taxes after reporting billions in profits?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do big corporations (Nike, Amazon, etc) avoid paying federal taxes after reporting billions in profits?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Okay you are JHC03 and you design, make and sell shoes. You have a design office in europe, a factory in china and a chain of stores in america. The first thing you do is make these all seperate companies. Your factories buys design's from your design office and your stores from your factory. Because you control the price of the design and the shoes you make because you both sell and buy them from your own companies, those prices can be whatever you want. If america has the lowest tax rate then you only pay your factory in china and your design office in europe just enough to break even so you don't have to pay taxes because you didn't make profit there. This means you get away with the lowest tax rate of the countries you operate in. Now you can register a company in the bahamas and register your brand there. In the bahamas you don't have to pay tax. Now you sell the right to design shoes with your logo to your europeans design office, the right to manufacture shoes with your logo to your chinese factory and the right to sell your shoes to your american stores for the next year. You can do that on every year on december 31st for exactly how much profit you made that year. Now you have no profit in countries where you have to pay tax and all your money free of tax in the bahamas. Its slightly more complicated in reality but with some accounting magic it comes down to this."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How did the people who mummified the bodies in Egypt thousands of years ago, knew that their methood will preserve the bodies for so many years?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did the people who mummified the bodies in Egypt thousands of years ago, knew that their methood will preserve the bodies for so many years?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Science. Research. Experimentation. Trial and error from generations of mummifiers (the funeral directors & embalmers of their time). I'm sure they tried different treatments on animals and then checked on them periodically to see which method was working the best with the least amount of decay over the years\/decades. Mummification wasn't just for the kings and ultra rich. They are finding mummies of more common people. Of course the procedure, wraps, and mummification wasn't of the quality of what you'd find for the rich people. Even back then you got what you paid for. Did they know the bodies would last for several thousands of years? Probably not, but you never know what they hoped for. It might be written down somewhere though. Maybe try asking this question in r\/egyptology. Someone over there might know."} {"category":"Biology","question":"When you get a stomach bug and vomit, why do nausea and vomiting continue even after the stomach is empty?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you get a stomach bug and vomit, why do nausea and vomiting continue even after the stomach is empty?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your stomach is just trying to throw everything out and will keep doing it until the stomach knows it\u2019s empty. It\u2019s not as smart as you are so it keeps going for a while."} {"category":"Biology","question":"; If stomach acid breaks down food, then how does the body absorb the nutrients it needs and sends it to other organs like the liver?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n ; If stomach acid breaks down food, then how does the body absorb the nutrients it needs and sends it to other organs like the liver?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Digestion is a lot more complex than the stomach breaking down food. The stomach acid and the digestive enzyme it produces mostly breaks down protein. The other stuff is just mashed into smaller pieces by the stomach squeezing. The food then goes into the the small intestine, where different enzymes are added, which break down fats and carbohydrates. Additional enzymes to further break down proteins are added as well. Eventually, everything is broken down to individual molecules, which the cells along the intestine are able to grab ahold of. They then pass the molecules through the cells and into the blood (sometimes in an indirect way that is hard to explain here)"} {"category":"Physics","question":"How can we be sure that super colliders work the way we want them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can we be sure that super colliders work the way we want them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well the theory of how we measure them is based upon how we think they act, so it's not like those are two completely separate problems. But in regards to this latest anomaly, my understanding is that the tests are seeing the expected byproducts of these particular collisions and those byproduct particles are reasonably well understood and they're fairly confident in what they're seeing. The issue is that the ratio that those two byproducts are being produced seems to be slightly different than the prediction. That doesn't completely rule out some sort of experimental error, which is why they're going to do more testing, and hopefully either figure out what the problem is, or just build more confidence in the fact that muons are acting unexpectedly."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why Are Cane Fields Burned After A Harvest?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why Are Cane Fields Burned After A Harvest?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Plant ash is also an incredible, fast-acting fertilizer as it's been broken down and ready for reabsorption."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How did it work: the wired casset tape that played music via a portable CD player?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did it work: the wired casset tape that played music via a portable CD player?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There were devices that had a coil inside a cassette-sized shell that created a magnetic field. When inserted into the player the coil ended up positioned next to the pick up head of the tape player. The coil's magnetic field induced a current in the similar coil of the pick up so it simulated a tape being played."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is Unemployment Insurance taxed, ffs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Unemployment Insurance taxed, ffs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"EI is income, and all income is taxed. This may not apply to you, but it it important for others. For example, people that do seasonal work will often claim EI in their off months. They might make a lot of money during the year, but still get EI. In this case, EI will contribute to their total income and thus it should be taken into account when judging tax. You may be on EI now, but there is no guarantee that you won't find a job tomorrow and earn a bunch of money for the rest of year. You might be on EI, but there is a chance that you might be making a lot money with investments. Therefore, EI should be taken into account with regards to total income, and taxed appropriately. If EI wasn't getting taxed, you would make less in EI. Taxing it is good because because it means that those who make a lot of money in addition to EI will get taxed more. So, if you get EI and make no other income, your average tax will be very low. For those with high income, their overall tax will be high. In essence, you make more from your EI by working less than a person with EI would be from working more. Example: Let's say you and someone else get $2000 a month in EI. You earn no other money, so your average tax rate is as low as it gets, maybe 10% or something. This means that you would have to pay back $200\u2014you get $1800 a month. The other fellow makes a lot of money, so his average tax rate is 20%. This means that he would have to pay back $400\u2014they get $1600 a month. If EI wasn't taxed, they would lower EI payments and give everyone $1700 per month (the average between you and the other guy). You end up losing $100, but the guy that earned more gained $100."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does your ear sometimes hurt when you fly in an airplane?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does your ear sometimes hurt when you fly in an airplane?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Going up higher in the atmosphere, the pressure of the air changes. Your inner ear, basically an air pocket on the other side of your eardrum, needs to be the same pressure as the air outside your eardrum. So the pain you feel is the pressure difference. We scuba divers experience the same thing in reverse as we dive into greater pressure underwater. To balance this you can do a few things. Chewing gum is the most popular method on airplanes. Opening your mouth very wide or simply swallowing usually opens the gap to your inner ear and allows the pressure to balance as well. Divers will hold their nose shut while GENTLY blowing with their nose to push air into the inner ear and balance the pressure."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do wolves and other predatory animals know which part of the prey to attack first?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do wolves and other predatory animals know which part of the prey to attack first?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They watch their parents do it for a few weeks before doing in themselves. And the chain keeps going back until one wolf tried going for the throat and it worked better for survival (way oversimplifying)."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"if the continents shift back into a Pangea-like landmass, what would happen near the coastlines?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n if the continents shift back into a Pangea-like landmass, what would happen near the coastlines?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The world is split into \u2018plates\u2019 on which everything sits. When two plates collide they are most likely to push against each other and create mountains."} {"category":"Economics","question":"why are video games moving from standalone titles to to Microtransaction heavy models or Free-To-Play models?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why are video games moving from standalone titles to to Microtransaction heavy models or Free-To-Play models?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Money. It turns out that if you make a free to play game with microtransactions, most players will pay nothing or only a small amount, but some people will get addicted and spend hundreds or even thousands on it. Because there's no upfront cost to start playing the game, there's the potential to have far more players than a traditional game. So even if most of those barely spend anything on it, there are enough \"whales\" (actual industry term) who pay more than enough to make up for that. It doesn't really benefit gamers, it's not meant to. It's meant to make money."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why or how does an energy wave (like infrared waves or micro waves) hitting a surface result in a movement on the atomic level?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why or how does an energy wave (like infrared waves or micro waves) hitting a surface result in a movement on the atomic level?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Super cool question. All forms of electromagnetic radiation (light, Radio, microwaves) are photons with different energy levels. When a photon collides with and electron, the electron can absorb the photon and gain an energy level. (Also if an electron drops an energy level it emits a photon) Because electron configuration determines atomic interaction, this change in electron energy must also result to some change in the atomic interactions How does the electron absorb the photon? Great question that I don't have the answer to as it is much more in depth into particle physics (quarks, bosons, leptons) \/ quantum electrodynamics and those are most certainly not eli5 content."} {"category":"Biology","question":"I know cracking your knuckles isn\u2019t bad for you, but it seems like everyone has a different opinion on cracking your neck. Is it actually bad for you? Why\/Why not?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n I know cracking your knuckles isn\u2019t bad for you, but it seems like everyone has a different opinion on cracking your neck. Is it actually bad for you? Why\/Why not?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I believe why they suggest you don't do it, is because there are many other joints, bones, nerves around the neck area and not knowing how to do it correctly might cause injury."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How come forging doesn't seem to have improved since the metal ages ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come forging doesn't seem to have improved since the metal ages ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Things like forged by fire and other hand crafted forging is more for the novelty than practicality. There are modern ways to make knives for example, but they don't make good TV shows or collector items."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do we need to \"clean\" surfaces and _then_ disinfect? Why can't we just do it all at once?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we need to \"clean\" surfaces and _then_ disinfect? Why can't we just do it all at once?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> Someone told me it's because bleach isn't good at getting up dirt, It isn't so much dirt as it is oils. You probably know that oil and water don't mix very well, and our body produces oils to cover our skin. This means that grime produced on surfaces humans interact with tends to be oily, sticking dirt to it. What soaps and detergents do is have a molecule with one end that sticks to water and the other end stick to oil. The soap then forms a very thin layer allowing tiny droplets of oil to be carried away by water, cleaning the surface. Without removing the oils the disinfectant can't reach the things it needs to kill, as they would be shielded by layers of oil and grease. So you can't skip the soap part. The problem with trying to use something like bleach and a detergent at the same time is that some kinds of detergent can interact with the bleach. If they contain ammonia for example the bleach can chemically interact to produce chlorine gas. When inhaled this will corrode the lungs causing chemical burns that leak fluid and effectively drown you in your own blood. Not cool! Of course this won't happen with every combination of household cleaners but since the average person isn't a chemist it is a good rule of thumb just to not mix cleaners."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How can a bank lend out more money than it possesses?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can a bank lend out more money than it possesses?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I am the bank. Alice comes to me and deposits $1,000. I loan out $900 to Bob. Bob buys supplies from Charlie for his business for $900 and Charlie deposits that money with me. I then loan out $810 to Dave. Dave buys supplies for his business from Eric for $810 and Eric deposits the money with me. I still only have $1000 in cash, but I've used it to loan out $1,710. My customers have $2,710 on deposit with me, but thanks to fractional reserve banking I'm not required to actually have all of that money in cash available to everyone."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How can Iodine strips be used to prevent infections on a wound, but at the same time Iodine itself is dangerous to handle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can Iodine strips be used to prevent infections on a wound, but at the same time Iodine itself is dangerous to handle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Like anything it's about the right amount for the right use. Without enough water we die, with too much we die."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do we pay paycheck taxes then also taxes when we buy stuff?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we pay paycheck taxes then also taxes when we buy stuff?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Different taxes go to different budgets. Also, state \/ county \/ city \/ district etc might appropriate taxes differently. For a general rule, federal taxes go to things like the military, medicare, social security etc. State taxes might go towards roads. County taxes might go to street lights. City taxes to local schools. Local taxes to local parks. Every area is a bit different, for instance in one town you may pay 8% sales tax while across the street sales tax may be 8.25%. Sales tax may go to one or more budgets, state + city for instance. Some states have no income tax while others may not have sales tax. Usually these deficits are covered by other taxes, higher property taxes to cover the missing income tax for instance. Or higher income tax to cover no sales tax. TL;DR you pay for a lot of different things with a lot of different taxes."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"- There are around 300 million people in the US, why do 1.5 billion census forms need to be printed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - There are around 300 million people in the US, why do 1.5 billion census forms need to be printed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not just census forms - it's mailings in general, *including* forms. Letters and other mailings including information leaflets are included in the number."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How do we know that Pie is actually infinite digits, and not just an overly long number that we can\u2019t understand? It still doesn\u2019t make sense to me.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we know that Pie is actually infinite digits, and not just an overly long number that we can\u2019t understand? It still doesn\u2019t make sense to me.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To show a number has infinite digits (and that those digits don't repeat in any pattern) means showing that the number is irrational. Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions of integers. That's most of the numbers you're used to. Irrational numbers can't be expressed as a fraction. For instance, the number 1,414 can be written as 1414\/1000, so it's a rational number. \u221a2 is approximately 1,414213... and it goes on infinitely without repeating patterns. It is an irrational number, so there are no numbers \"a\" and \"b\" such that a\/b= \u221a2. The proof that pi is irrational is a bit complicated, but the proof that \u221a2 is irrational is easier to understand. The [wikipedia article]( URL_0 ) has some proofs of that."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What are complex numbers and why are they useful?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are complex numbers and why are they useful?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The original impetus for complex numbers was the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. While the phrasing has undergone some modification over the years, the basic premise is that a single variable polynomial has a number of roots (places where it evaluates to zero) equal to the highest power of the polynomial. So if you've got f(x) = x + 2, you've got a polynomial of power 1 that crosses the x-axis at a single point (x = -2). However, the problem with this is that it's not actually true with real numbers. Consider the parabola: f(x) = x^2 + x + 1 If you plot this parabola, you'll notice it's entirely in the top half of the plane. It never crosses the x-axis and thus has no roots. From the standpoint of mathematics, this posed a dilemma. Without the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra being true, algebra wasn't 'closed' - you could follow all the rules and end up with results that lay outside the system. The solution they came up with was to come up with complex numbers - a way to create non-real roots that would make the FToA true. However, the consequences of this were far reaching. One of the most important is with regards to periodicity\/rotation. If you multiply two real numbers, you just end up with a larger or smaller real number. If you continue to perform such multiplications, you just proceed linearly off to the infinite\/infinitesmals. However, if you multiply complex numbers, you can create a cycle of numbers. If you keep multiplying i by itself, you get the sequence: i, -1, -i, 1, i, ... This is how periodicity\/rotation work. They return to the previous value at some point and repeat. As a result, complex numbers proved to be an excellent way to model anything that rotates or repeats. All of the trigonometry you learned in high school can be replaced by complex representations. Since complex numbers tend to be easier to manipulate than trigonometric ones, it meant you work much more easily with all the real world periodic\/rotational issues."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why was there such a large fall for Oil Prices in 2008?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why was there such a large fall for Oil Prices in 2008?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Primarily because technological advances in fracking opened up oil sources consisting primarily of shale deposits, which the industry had previously been unable to utilize."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are manual cars becoming obsolete?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are manual cars becoming obsolete?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because to most people the benefits of an automatic outweigh the benefits of a manual. Things like slightly improved(which has been equaled in all but the most infinitesimal ways by automatics) gas mileage, more control, the ability to push start, and \"the feel of driving\" and all that aren't big deals to most people. Not having to constantly move their hands and feet around in order to change speeds is. People like simplicity and ease, and \"push this pedal to go faster and this one to go slower\" is about as simple as you can get. \"Push this pedal and then slightly let up while pushing this other one while using this hand lever\" to move, and \"oh yeah make sure you're watching this dial and listening to the engine sounds so you can keep using that hand lever and other pedal while driving\" is frankly just a tedious pain in the ass to most people who just want to be somewhere else. And while car aficionados might not get it and don't agree, driving is, to the vast majority of people, somewhere between a chore and a necessary mundane task to get from point A to point B. There is no \"fun\" or \"pleasure\" aspect to it. It's that boring and sometimes stressful waiting period between where you were and where you want to be. Driving is the loading screen of life. Best to get it out of the way with the least hassle. Look how much people are eagerly anticipating driverless cars. Not only is the act of driving not fun to most people as is, they're pretty keen on removing themselves from the equation entirely and doing something, anything, else while they're moving from one place to another."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"If the sun rises from the east and sets in the west, why is a south facing room the best for growing plants?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the sun rises from the east and sets in the west, why is a south facing room the best for growing plants?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Here in the northern hemisphere, south-facing windows get the most sun because of axial tilt. For most of the year, when the sun is at its highest point in our sky, it's actually off to the south a bit."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How are black holes in space created? Also what are they?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are black holes in space created? Also what are they?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A black hole is a pinch in space-time caused by the presence of an unimaginably dense object. Much in the same way that an object will fall towards the earth because of the earth\u2019s gravity, objects will also be attracted to a black hole. But unlike the earth, black holes create a gravity well that is so strong that not even light can escape (hence the slightly misleading name). Black holes are normally created by the collapse of large stars, which leave behind a crumpled, condensed core. Supermassive black holes (like the one we believe is at the center of our galaxy) are likely cause some other way, which gets a little more complicated."} {"category":"Technology","question":"why does it take \"up to 10 days\" to be removed from an email list if it is all electronic?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does it take \"up to 10 days\" to be removed from an email list if it is all electronic?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It is often instant. If they say it may take up to 10 days, it could be for different reasons. More legitimate reasons might be that emails are scheduled to send ahead of time, and their system doesn't edit the list of recipients for scheduled emails when someone is removed. Less legitimate reasons might be because the page where you remove yourself from the list has intentionally tricky wording, so people often check a box that's actually indicating they want to stay on the list thinking it will do the opposite. If they believe it won't take effect immediately, they won't notice the problem at first and may forget about it entirely."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do rich people use donations as tax write-offs to save money? Wouldn't it be more financially beneficial to just keep the money and have it taxed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do rich people use donations as tax write-offs to save money? Wouldn't it be more financially beneficial to just keep the money and have it taxed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You're getting a lot of different answers here, and most are correct but people here are talking about cash donations. There's another big type of donation that rich people make too and that's in illiquid\/non-marketable assets such as real estate and\/or shares in private companies. The ELI5 is a little difficult, but the gist is that for private companies, getting a 'value' is about 99% art and 1% science. Accounting is a lot more assumptions and guess work than people would like to publicly acknowledge. So what an individual can do is offer to donate, say, 10% of his company to a charity. Let's say that the company did really well last year so that guy can easily find an accountant to say that 10% is worth $10M. So the guy has a $10M tax deduction he can use as he sees fit (subject to AMT and other shit, but you get the point). The guy also knows that last year's performance was a blip and if he repeated that 10% donation this year, he'd only get a valuation of $5M. In effect he's got an extra $5M from the valuation. When I was younger, I was on the young alumni board for the university I went to for undergrad and we used to see this all the time. Someone would donate property\/illiquid securities\/art\/etc with an 'assessed' value of (say) $10M, but when the school went to sell it, they'd only realize (say) $3M in cash. But the guy would still get to keep the $10M tax deduction. To a guy like that, a $10M tax deduction could be worth $4m to $5M easily. I'm sure you're wondering, and yes this is in that 'gray zone' that's just millimeters from being tax fraud. However, the IRS rarely pursues these cases 1) because they are *really* hard to win, 2) the school doesn't really care b\/c they still just got a $3M donation, and 3) the school isn't going to 'help' the IRS (beyond bare minimum compliance) b\/c the school would have to give up the $3M. A similar, but different, application of this idea is where Mitt Romney reported a [$102M IRA]( URL_0 ) by having accounts toy with the value\/valuation of the assets within the IRA. There's no reasonable way you could ever get that much into an IRA....unless you got your accountants to depress the value first then re-value later. ***EDIT:*** I'm getting a lot of questions about how this worked for Romney. Here is a *purely hypothetical* example based loosely on when Bain Capital took out Domino's Pizza that I put in a lower comment - I'm putting it here so more people see it: I'm going to make up the exact numbers, but this is the mechanics: Romney had a type of retirement account where you could but $30K cash per year in the account tax free. He also had a private equity firm invested in private companies. Romney took $30K cash, put it in the retirement account each year - tax free. Each year, his accountants would say, 0.X% of your portfolio companies is magically equal to $30K, so Romney would take the $30K cash in the tax-sheltered IRA and buy 0.X% of his companies personally. He did this for about (I think) 15 years. After a while, he converted it to a ROTH IRA meaning that he'd pay a small one-time tax hit but withdrawals are tax free. Later on, his private equity company would sell the individual companies that it owned (or take them public). When they were sold, Romney would recognize the gain BUT it was now within the tax-sheltered IRA he'd pay no taxes and because he converted to a ROTH IRA, he pays no taxes on withdrawals. Genius. Here's a sort of hypothetical example. In 1998, Bain (Romney's PE company) bought Dominos Pizza for $1.1B. They probably used a standard PE structure meaning that they borrowed $1.0B and put down cash for $100M. So the company is $1.0B debt and $100M equity. Romney puts in $30K each year to buy some of Dominos ($30K\/$100M = .03%\/year). He buys .03% per year, for a total of .45% of Dominos after 15 years. At this point, he converts from a traditional IRA to a ROTH IRA paying roughly $100K in taxes ($450K in contributions multiplied by his tax rate at the time of the conversion - maybe a little more or less than $100K, but in the neighborhood). Then they take Dominos public, which they did. Dominos is worth $10B as of right now, so Romney's 0.45% of Dominos would be worth $45M. ***All completely tax free*** because its in a ROTH. In reality, he has an IRA worth $102M, so my example is off by about half, but you get the basic mechanics. The IRS looked at it and said it was aggressive but not illegal when he ran for president in 2012."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do dishwashers clean everything so thoroughly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do dishwashers clean everything so thoroughly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a combination of high pressure hot water sprayed over and over and over again, and a detergent in the water that breaks down grease and food particles and dissolves them into a solution in the water to be drained away. Even without detergent, just the hot water spraying repeatedly for the cycle does the majority of the work."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does root mean squared not equal 0?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does root mean squared not equal 0?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because when you square positive numbers you get something > 0, *and* when you square negative numbers you also get something > 0. Average a bunch of these together, you're going to see a positive average."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why can't some functions be integrated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't some functions be integrated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"These functions can be integrated as well, but we can't write that integral down as a closed-form expression. For some functions (such as sin(x^(2))), we can only express the integral with the integral notation, but that integral exists nontheless."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How can you tell where a cyber attack is coming from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can you tell where a cyber attack is coming from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A data package always has a recipient and an origin. The package contains information about who it's for, and where it's from. A sender address and a recipient address. And, since you know the address of the sender, it's kind of a good hint, don't you agree? Unfortunately, that is all that it is. A good hint. The stated sender can have nothing to do with the data, since the information can be spoofed. And even if the package comes from a specific computer, doesn't mean that you can automatically blame it's owner for the attack. His computer can be hijacked and controlled from someplace else. But that is a well known part of he game, and you will have to start over at that computer again and find out where it's controlled from. An attack often comes from several hijacked computers at the same time. If you look at all of them, you'll hopefully start seeing a pattern with where they are controlled from."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Every other celestial sky is either nearly all cloud or almost no cloud \u2014 what makes Earth's perfect balance in achieving about half cloud so unique?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Every other celestial sky is either nearly all cloud or almost no cloud \u2014 what makes Earth's perfect balance in achieving about half cloud so unique?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Our atmosphere *is* all cloud. It's a cloud of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. In order to survive on Earth, we've evolved to see the wavelengths of light that pass through our atmosphere."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is MSG? Why does it make everything taste delicious? And why is there such a bad stigma around it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is MSG? Why does it make everything taste delicious? And why is there such a bad stigma around it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You have five *basic* taste receptors: bitter, sweet, salty, sour, and *umami*. Umami flavor is that savory, usually described as meaty flavor that you get from things like red meat and soy sauce. The molecules primarily responsible for activating the umami receptor in your tongue are *glutamates* or glutamic acid. It's used in the body for a *lot* of things, including protein synthesis and as one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in your nervous system. Fortunately, your body can make its own glutamate but it helps to get more from other things, which is why you have receptors to taste it and why it tastes *good*. If sugar is pure sweetness, glutamate is pure savoriness. Mono-sodium glutamate is, then, a stable salt molecule made of a single sodium atom attached to glutamic acid. It tastes a little bit salty from the sodium and also just like pure umami taste. Adding it to something is like giving your tongue a big punch right in the *savory*. It's like soy sauce without being nearly as salty and without some of the other tangy flavors (and in fact, soy sauce gets the majority of its flavor from naturally occurring glutamic acid, including MSG). It's the [pure essence]( URL_1 ) of a perfectly cooked, unseasoned steak. It's like turning cheddar cheese into an essential oil. Our taste works best when flavors are complimented by other flavors - that's why things like lemonade taste so good, with the sour citric acid complimenting and balancing the sweet sugar. MSG added to a food boosts the savory flavors which compliments the other, complex flavors to bring them out and make everything taste like you died and went to [Ron Swanson]( URL_2 )'s version of heaven. It's controversial mostly [because of racism]( URL_3 ) and people not understanding how chemicals work. MSG as an additive is artificially made and in the 1960s people started paying attention to artificial chemicals in their food. Someone wrote an article complaining about heart palpitations and dizziness after eating Chinese food and that was enough to cause a bit of a panic - in large part due to xenophobia. Racially biased studies suggested a link between MSG and this so-called \"Chinese Restaurant Syndrome.\" Subsequent studies (that were done properly) have since suggested that MSG is not harmful and any ill effects felt in association with MSG are probably a result of the [nocebo effect]( URL_0 ) - you *think* you should have negative symptoms so you expect them so you cause yourself to feel bad."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it after I hear a song I like I continuously replay it untill I am sick of the song?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it after I hear a song I like I continuously replay it untill I am sick of the song?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s probably because it makes you happy, and since you crave that happiness you\u2019ll do what makes you happy (playing the song over and over) until it\u2019s not giving you happiness anymore :)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does switching the rotation of a ceiling fan decide whether the fan gives cool air or warm air?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does switching the rotation of a ceiling fan decide whether the fan gives cool air or warm air?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It doesn't. Rotation decides whether the fan is sucking the cold air up or pushing the hot air down."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How are scientists able to calculate how far away something is in outer space?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are scientists able to calculate how far away something is in outer space?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Astronomers use something called the \"Cosmic Distance Ladder.\" Essentially, we can directly observe the distance from Earth of very close objects (like other planets, using radar). Then we can use that information to learn about the distance of further objects (like the Sun, using a little trigonometry and the orbits of nearby planets). Then we can use that information to learn about the distance of even further objects (like nearby stars, using a comparison of how they appear when the Earth is on one side of the Sun vs the other). After that point, the cosmic distance ladder is mostly based on \"standard candles.\" These are objects with known luminosity, like certain kinds of stars. Their brightness from earth is just a function of their luminosity and their distance from Earth. Hence, if you know their luminosity and observe their brightness, you know their distance."} {"category":"Economics","question":"why countries with weak currency don't remove multiple zeroes off their money to make it worth more?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why countries with weak currency don't remove multiple zeroes off their money to make it worth more?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It happens, but it doesn't make the money worth more. It is only a cosmetic change that turns larger numbers into smaller ones, but it does not change anything about the underlying value. Turkey did just that in 2005. They replaced all their banknotes with new ones that had 6 zeros less on them. 1,000,000 old Lira would be worth 1 New Lira. Prices in shops and wages and bank accounts and debts would have 6 zero lobbed of them to go along with the new money. It didn't mean that anyone in turkey suddenly was any poorer or richer than before. Nothing changes on a practical level. The new currency just looked less ridiculous and was easier to handle. The main benefit that the government had been after to make a statement. the currency had undergone some very big inflation which is why they ended up with such large numbers, and the move was supposed to signal that this was now over and they were in normal times now. It was supposed to boost confidence in the currency that further inflation would be limited. This also shows why more countries aren't doing it. For example the Japanese Yen started out being worth exactly the same as the US dollar when it was crated (they were both copies of the Spanish dollar, the pieces of eight from pirate lore.) Since those days both Japan and the US have undergone some inflation. Japan thanks in part to losing WWII has undergone a lot more though. 1 US dollar today is worth more than 100 Yen and prices expressed in Yen all seem a lot larger than ones expressed in Dollars pound or Euro. Japan could lop of two zeroes of their currency to get it more in line with other world currency, but frankly they don't need to. The two extra decimal places are still manageable and Japan doesn't have to prove anything to anyone about the stabilize of their currency. Anyone looking at the Yen today will see the scars of past inflation on it, but also know that it is in the past. With Turkey observer had no such confidence and thus the government had to artificially boost it. Other than the practical aspects of keeping price tags short revaluating your currency like that is something you do when you need to project strength that people don't think you have. It might be seen as a sign of weakness itself. There is also the fact that switching out all your banknotes and coins for new ones like this will be an expensive undertaking and one not made unless there is some very good reason. Prosperous countries only undertake such projects when there is a clear benefit like all the Euro countries switching to a common currency or to a lesser degree when the British a few decades further back decided to go decimal with their coins."} {"category":"Technology","question":"why is cleaning my computer of junk files the proper way painfully slow but using a 3rd party \"cleaner\" app way faster?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is cleaning my computer of junk files the proper way painfully slow but using a 3rd party \"cleaner\" app way faster?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Oh man, here we go with bad analogies. Ccleaner is like wiping down the surfaces in your house, taking out the trash, and sweeping up. It'll get the extra junk out, like temporary files that weren't erased properly, or Internet data you're not using, but it doesn't mess with programs, and it won't touch most folders on the drive, because it doesn't know what can be safely deleted. Disk cleaner acts differently, the most deletion it will do is cleaning the recycle bin and your Internet history. It has a second function though, which is very CPU hungry, it does file compression. That's like packing down a sleeping bag or a tent, it takes time and work, and you end up with something smaller than you had before, and every time you use that file afterward, you have to spend the time and energy to unpack it. This sounds good in practice, but disk clean up doesn't always know what to pack down, and it can cause errors and slowdowns in your computer. I don't recommend using it. Instead, get familiar with your C: drive and the apps you have stored there. Uninstall old apps, and keep your downloads and documents regularly clean. And if all else fails, backup your important stuff onto an external or flash drive, and format the whole hard drive to start again, you'll have a faster computer and more space."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it so difficult to make synthesized instruments sound like their real-world counterparts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it so difficult to make synthesized instruments sound like their real-world counterparts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"First, I want to suggest that your experience might be coloured by 'availability bias'. If you ever hear a synthesized instrument good enough to fool you, then, more or less by definition, you won't know you've heard one. One pretty popular brand of synthesized and sampled acoustic instruments, is the Native Instruments Kontakt line, and you can listen to previews of many of their soundpacks here: [ URL_1 ]( URL_1 ) Instruments like these are used extensively in movie soundtracks as well as other music. I bet that lots of them will sound pretty real to you. & #x200B; But why is it hard to do this in general? The answer is a bit different for each instrument. Fake pianos started to sound a lot more convincing a lot earlier than fake guitars, for instance, because there isn't all that much playing nuance to capture in a piano note. The note can be struck hard or soft, and it can be held long or short, and that's just about it. Two parameters, velocity and duration. In piano playing, all the expression and nuance doesn't come from fine details about the note itself, but from how they're put together. A single note on the guitar, though, can have all kinds of inflection on it - picking technique, fretting\/voicing, bends, tremolo, all that stuff. It's a lot more work to come up with a simulated model of a guitar which captures all those things about someone's playing style. And even if you \\*have\\* come up with a convincing virtual instrument model, that doesn't necessarily mean composers and players will know how to use it effectively. Most music composition and production software has a quite generic, non-instrument-specific approach to writing out melodies and chords. There's no standard way, for instance, for a composer to tell a virtual guitar instrument, which chords should be strummed upwards and which should be strummed downward. People using these instruments might have to manually edit their compositions note-by-note to add tiny minuscule timing offsets to simulate strumming, since if all 6 notes in a guitar chord are struck at exactly the same time, it will sound unnatural. It's the same for many other instruments, like saxophone or violin, which allow for a huge number of different ways to play a single note. Most computer and keyboard-based composition workflows do not have good ways to expressively simulate those technique nuances. Edit: Here are some examples of [wind controllers]( URL_0 ). If you wanted to get a convincing synthesized saxophone sound, controlling it with one of these would be a must. Playing the sax line on a piano keyboard or drawing it out on a sequencer grid just wouldn't cut it."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does stroking animals relax\/calm us down?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does stroking animals relax\/calm us down?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"i covered this topic in a class in university way back in the caveman days they would sit around the fire with their half wild dogs stroking their fur elicited the guard guard guard instinct in the animal thats the theory anyways so basically the theory is we were able to relax knowing we were protected"} {"category":"Biology","question":"How does a breathalyzer work? If it's measuring the alcohol in your blood, how does the air in your lungs indicate that?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a breathalyzer work? If it's measuring the alcohol in your blood, how does the air in your lungs indicate that?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your lungs are where your blood and air get almost close enough to touch, across the membranes in the lungs. While oxygen and carbon dioxide are the main substances transferring, alcohol too will \u201cevaporate\u201d from your blood and enter the air, which you exhale"} {"category":"Technology","question":"I always hear that for large amounts of CGI in movies and TV shows it costs a lot of money. What is costing so much money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n I always hear that for large amounts of CGI in movies and TV shows it costs a lot of money. What is costing so much money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You probably have a preconceived notion that CGI is cheap. Because lots of shows, particularly animated shows, are filled with CGI these days. Or they're entirely CGI these days. You'd be hard-pressed to find a children's show airing on TV these days that isn't CGI produced for example. So it's a reasonable assumption to make that CGI must be some kind of relatively cheap way to do things. Basically like cheating. The difference, though, is that CGI in shows like that are cheap because they can take advantage of the same assets and use them over the course of an entire show. Take a show like Paw Patrol -- nearly every single episode, the animators are going to use the same exact character models, the same exact environments, probably a lot of the same objects as well. The animations are floaty and not very convincing, because they don't really have to be. Some of their animations might also be reused, or serve as bases to be tweaked into whatever they need for minimal effort. Creation of all these assets probably wasn't cheap, but once they have them, they can be reused for season after season. The only cost at that point for the animation is spending the time to animate the sequences, and maybe create a few extra assets unique to that one episode. This is way less expensive than something like hand-drawn animation, where very little can be re-used since it all needs to be drawn from scratch. Though, hand-drawn is also computer assisted these days, it's why shows like Family Guy look far more rigid than they did in their earlier seasons. With a large-budget live-action film, though, this game is completely changed. Now, you don't get the luxury of reusing anything. Every frame of that film where CGI is used is going to be a unique frame with some kind of unique effect going on. All of those frames have to be hand-crafted, and any assets they need will need to be created completely from scratch for the film. On top of this, they also need to put in a lot more effort to make the CGI look realistic (if that's what they're going for) and seamlessly blend it in to the shot using complex techniques. That inflates the cost *a lot*. We're essentially talking the difference between a toy space ship you can buy at Walmart and an actual billion-dollar satellite built by NASA. The Walmart painting probably did have a considerable price, but once they hashed out the design and built a factory to mass manufacture it, it could be mass produced with ease and sold relatively cheaply. But that billion-dollar satellite is one-of-a-kind, and was made completely from scratch using very expensive tools and put together by some of the most talented people in their field. And it's mostly only good for a single launch. EDIT: Also worth mentioning: if you have a film that is purely live-action, you're going to need resources that are tailored to this kind of production. Sets to shoot, physical actors, cameramen, lighting experts, practical effect technicians, costume and makeup artists stunt doubles, audio engineers, props and prop designers, extras, the works. And all the catering and human resources that that expects. With a CGI-only film, you'd probably replace a lot of that with lots of animators, riggers, digital artists, and that jazz. A film that is purely one or the other only has to dip into one of these. But a film that tries to marry the two together has to pay for both. Or more likely, contract a firm that can provide one or both of these parts for them."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the difference between a normal derivative and deriving on a particular point of a function?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between a normal derivative and deriving on a particular point of a function?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"On nice functions you can apply normal rules for derivatives to get a value or a function describing the derivative *everywhere* ( if you get a function and not a constant as result, you just insert the point you want to know the derivative of in the function to know the derivative of that location. But all functions are not so nice, some functions don't have an analytic description of their derivative, then you can go back to the definition of derivative and calculate it on a point, i.e. look at the value difference if you take a small step h forward, divided by the step length, then make h as small as you can without becoming zero. As to deciding where to derive it, you probably have a reason why you need to calculate this derivative, from that reason it should be obvious (although the answer may be \"every point\") - if you don't know where you need the derivative, I don't know why you'd want to calculate it in the first place!"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Why do European cities not have massive population sizes compared to US, Asia?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do European cities not have massive population sizes compared to US, Asia?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The most populated city in the USA is New York City, at 8.5 million. The most populated in Europe is Istanbul at 15 million. The second most populated in the USA is Los Angeles, at 3.8 million. In Europe, it's London at 8.9. The third is Chicago at 2.7, and Berlin at 3.7. The 10th is Jacksonville at under a million, and Budapest at 1.7 million. It seems the premise of your question is wrong."} {"category":"Other","question":"with skyscrapers being built so high, is the air inside them pressurized? And what happens if a window is broken?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n with skyscrapers being built so high, is the air inside them pressurized? And what happens if a window is broken?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"No the air is not pressurized, some of those windows even open. You have to go significantly higher than the worlds tallest building to have pressure be an issue. Its not even an issue on most mountains. Cold is a lot more of an issue. But no they are fine."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do video game display mechanics work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do video game display mechanics work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is highly dependant on the game. & #x200B; One semi-common option that some developer's do is tie the updates to the framerate (and lock the framerate when they do that). In those cases, you won't get a higher FPS with a better PC because the game is artificially limiting the rate to keep the physics working as expected. (There are some stories of games like this where if you remove the limit on the FPS everything in the game suddenly moves much, much faster). Additionally, this can be bad as a slow computer will run at a framerate less than expected, and the physics will slow down accordingly. Its done, but doesn't seem to be good game design. & #x200B; The other common way that I know of is to just have 2 threads: one for graphics updates and one for physics updates. In this case, whether or not your 10000FPS actually shows you 100000 different unique frames per second is dependant on how often the developer chose to update things. Its possible that the physics only get updates 60 times a second, but your camera movements and character position (i.e. things that are based on user input and not on time) might be capable of updating much faster. (Pure speculation, but I bet most games \\*don't\\* do that, and instead update character\/camera position at the same time a slice of physics is calculated. I may be wrong though)"} {"category":"Economics","question":"How is a large national debt bad for the economy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is a large national debt bad for the economy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In and of itself, its not. Japan has one of the highest debt to GDP ratios in the world at over 250% - which means they owe 2.5 times their yearly GDP - but no one seriously considers that to be a threat to their economy because almost 100% of Japanese government debt is \"internal debt\". Internal debt, which is debt that a government owes to its citizens, doesn't have any effect on the economy by itself. This is because that debt, and the spending it fueled, *would have existed anyways.* The money to fund that debt came from citizen's savings - and they would have been saving the same amount of money regardless. Similarly, if the government hadn't borrowed the money, someone else would have. The only thing that the government debt and corresponding spending did was to shift where the money was spent. In the absence of that internal government debt, the money would have been borrowed by either corporations, who would invest it in their business, or by private citizens, who would use it to buy stuff. Because of this, the total amount of debt in the economy stays the same. Whether or not that government debt and its corresponding spending has a long term positive or negative effect depends on how the money is spent. What you have to compare is how efficient the government's spending was at creating long term economic growth and how effective private sector spending that it replaced would have been at doing the same thing. And its not a simple matter of one always being better than the other. For example, generally speaking the government is terrible at investing in industrial production while the private sector is terrible at investing in infrastructure. So what it all boils down to is how the government was spending the money. If the government was building a new road that was necessary to alleviate traffic congestion, that's probably an efficient use of the money. But if the government was building a new road that dead ended into a river, then that probably was not an efficient use. ___________________________________ Or to give you a simple example of how internal debt works - imagine the following situation: You have $100 extra dollars this month and two neighbors, \"The Government\" and \"The Private Sector\". Since you're not going to spend that $100, you decide to loan it out. If you loan it to your neighbor \"The Government\" he's going to spend it on fixing up the road outside your house. If you loan it to your neighbor \"The Private Sector\" he's going to spend it on building a pool, which he will allow other neighbors to use for a fee. Which one of those loans is better for your neighborhood depends on how badly the road outside your house needs repairs, and how much your other neighbors want a swimming pool. In reality it may be that you need both of those things, and the most efficient way to loan that money out is to split it between the two neighbors so that the neighborhood ends up with some, but not all, of the road repairs and a moderately sized pool. That's how internal debt works. In the absence of the government borrowing that money, it all gets borrowed by someone else to build the pool while the road falls into disrepair. But if the government borrows too much then there isn't enough left over to build the pool, so you end up with the greatest road in the world but no one wants to actually use it because there's nowhere to go. ___________________________________ That being said, \"external debt\" is generally considered a negative. You can look at Greece as an example of this. The Greek Debt Crisis was triggered in 2010 when the Greek debt to GDP ratio hit 140%. That's far lower than the Japanese debt to GDP ratio, but the Greek government debt was almost 100% external debt. External debt is money which a country owes to foreigners. This debt does increase the total amount of debt in an economy, and worse, sucks money out of the country as the debt is repaid. In order to have a positive impact on the economy, that debt needs to generate more economic growth than the cost to repay it - and that can be very hard to do. That doesn't mean that external debt is always bad. It is possible to outgrow external loans, particularly when interest rates are near 0%. But historically speaking, countries with high levels of external debt *always* suffer an economic collapse and as a result external debt is generally seen as having a negative impact on a country's economy."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why Electroshocks Hurt so Much?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why Electroshocks Hurt so Much?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It a combination of involuntary muscle contractions and in a lot of cases heat is generated as the charge passes through your body causing burns. There are horrific images around of these burns. Deadly stuff."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What does a particle really look like?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does a particle really look like?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Although I fully understand where you're coming from, your question doesn't really make sense if you think about it more thoroughly. Single particles are so small that we can't see them. We can only see the effect of particles when they do things to light. Imagining them as tiny little balls is useful in many situations but you can just as well think of them as invisible things just like electric or magnetic fields. > Do they have color? No. Individual particles are too small to affect light in such a way that we see it as colors. > Are they solid? What makes something solid is a weak force between its particles that keep those particles close enough to each other. So, for something to be solid, we need many of them and individual particles can't be solid. We can't say what their state is since they don't have one just like we can't say what color a magnetic field has because it's doesn't have one."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What does E = MC[squared] mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does E = MC[squared] mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Basically, it's a simplified form of a slightly more complicated equation that shows that mass is actually a highly concentrated form of energy. If you have a certain amount of mass, it's theoretically possible to convert it into a certain amount of energy. How much energy that would be is represented by the equation E=mc\u00b2 -- the energy (E) is calculated by taking the mass (m), multiplying it by the speed of light (c), and then multiplying it by the speed of light *again*. From even a tiny amount of mass you can get a huge amount of energy: if you had 1 kg (a little over 2 pounds) of mass, and managed to convert all of it into energy, it would be like exploding 40 *million* tons of TNT. We can't actually convert all of the mass into energy. In a nuclear bomb, only a tiny fraction of the mass is actually converted into energy, but even so a single missile can release enough energy to destroy an entire city."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do certain medicines (like nusinersen) used to treat rare and life-threatening conditions have exorbitant prices to them (say $125,000 per dose) making them inaccessible to people that need them to live?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do certain medicines (like nusinersen) used to treat rare and life-threatening conditions have exorbitant prices to them (say $125,000 per dose) making them inaccessible to people that need them to live?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In the USA, companies are free to invent new medicines at their own expense. These are their property, and they are free to keep them secret, or to give them away, or to offer them for sale at any price they choose."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why haven't the discoverers of HIV\/AIDS drug cocktails been awarded a Nobel Prize in Medicine?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why haven't the discoverers of HIV\/AIDS drug cocktails been awarded a Nobel Prize in Medicine?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's nothing especially ground breaking about the cocktails - they simply combined three pre-existing drugs of different classes (typically two nucleoside analogues and a protease inhibitor) in one pill. They did it in order order to make it more difficult for HIV to evolve drug resistance (because it's harder to evolve drug resistance against three drugs simultaneously than it is to do it against one.) Okay, so why not award the prize to the guys who invented those drugs? Well, funny thing is, the first nucleoside analog (AZT, aka Zidovudine) was invented in the 60s as an anti-cancer drug. At the time, it was thought that cancer was caused by a virus. It's not, so the drug didn't work. It got put on the shelf for 20 years. Around came the 80s, the AIDs outbreak happened, and scientists started furiously testing every single thing on the shelf. Turns out the defective anti-cancer drug from the 60s actually worked. But there wasn't really any genius moment there - it was more trial-and-error combined with desperation. EDIT: Also, Luc Montagnier, one of the two guys who discovered that HIV causes AIDs, got the Noble Prize in 2008. Robert Gallo, his co-discovered, did not. (That's probably because Robert Gallo [committed fraud]( URL_0 ) and essentially \"stole\" some of the virus isolates used by the french team.)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"why helicopter pilots can't escape in case of danger as they do in jet and save themselves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why helicopter pilots can't escape in case of danger as they do in jet and save themselves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They can't eject straight up or else they'd be torn up by the rotors, and helicopters usually fly much lower than airplanes, so ejecting sideways likely wouldn't give them enough altitude for their parachute to slow them much before they hit the ground."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Where do internet providers get the internet they're providing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where do internet providers get the internet they're providing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The internet is a communication network, not a substance. I blame all the silly water analogies for making a lot of people thinking this. They don't get the internet anywhere, the collective interconnected ISPs and the computers connected to their networks *is* the internet."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how come iPhones dark mode is easier on the eyes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how come iPhones dark mode is easier on the eyes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"For people with \u201cnormal\u201d vision, dark vs bright just a matter of taste as far as we know. Some people with some forms of severe astigmatism find that the light text + dark background can be aggravating for their symptoms, so they\u2019d probably choose light mode instead. The more important light wave is the blue light, that can make your eyes tired, disrupt your circadian rhythm, and may lead to macular degeneration (to be studied further)."} {"category":"Economics","question":"In 2015, US total Net Worth was $84,900,000,000,000 and there were 125,590,000 US households. Does this mean that if wealth were evenly distributed every household could 'have' $676,009?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In 2015, US total Net Worth was $84,900,000,000,000 and there were 125,590,000 US households. Does this mean that if wealth were evenly distributed every household could 'have' $676,009?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As a follow-up question, does that $84 Trillion include, say, the value of all of the highways and power plants and sewer systems that can't be neatly divided?"} {"category":"Technology","question":"how small can pc chips really get, the recent introduction of 7nm chips from AMD made me think is there some kind of limit?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how small can pc chips really get, the recent introduction of 7nm chips from AMD made me think is there some kind of limit?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes there is a limit. if 7nm isn't the limit, you can see it from there. Given AMD's yield numbers, it might be 10nm. Quantum mechanics says that an electron isn't a little billiard ball of charge, it's a cloudy region where the charge is statistically located. When features get too small, the individual electrons can \"tunnel\" through the insulator walls and get out of one part of the circuit and into another part unpredictably. It's like using a pipe with holes in it, you can make the place at the end of the pipe wet, but you can't easily make it enough wetter than the places under the pip that it encodes a \"1\" or \"0\" of information. When everyplace is wet, you can't compute with \"wet\" vs \"dry\"."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If chemical reactions release energy which produces heat, how does a chemical ice pack work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If chemical reactions release energy which produces heat, how does a chemical ice pack work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is called an endothermic reaction. When the water pack inside is broken it mixes with whatever substance is inside and this causes heat to be absorbed rapidly. edit: spelling."} {"category":"Physics","question":"if water can evaporate at room temperature, why aren't there MANY more rainclouds constantly hovering over the entire planet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n if water can evaporate at room temperature, why aren't there MANY more rainclouds constantly hovering over the entire planet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Water vapor is an invisible gas. Clouds are made of water that has condensed back into a liquid. Even when there's no clouds, there's still usually a bunch of water vapor in the air, so that water from your cup\/pool is just sitting, invisibly, in the air above it. It takes specific circumstances to condense it into clouds."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why so European countries invert the comma and decimal point in numbers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why so European countries invert the comma and decimal point in numbers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Why dont we all use the metric system? There have been satalites crashing because of metric\/imperial system confusions. I think its is one of those things noone wants to change because \"they used it so long they cant change it now\""} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does wireless transmission penetrate through walls?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does wireless transmission penetrate through walls?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The same way light passes through glass. Lots of things are transparent on different wave spectrums. In the wave of x-rays, the skin is transparent but the bones are not. Coke is actualy transparent in the UV spectrum but oil distorts uv rays. Radiation goes through most things but is blocked by lead and other dence materials Wireless transmission is just a part of the eletro magnetic spectrum and all things act differently there"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do butter and oils prefer certain paths when traveling across a pan? Why do they avoid certain spots?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do butter and oils prefer certain paths when traveling across a pan? Why do they avoid certain spots?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"certain spots are more oliophobic than others, based on what crud or micro structures have evolved on the pans surface."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do applications like Timehop show what texts I've sent years ago, even if I've changed phone?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do applications like Timehop show what texts I've sent years ago, even if I've changed phone?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The app is remembering, rather than the phone. They likely store all of your messages on a big server somewhere."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does a battery charge cycle work? Why is it not recommended to fully charge a laptop or smartphone?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a battery charge cycle work? Why is it not recommended to fully charge a laptop or smartphone?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A rubber band does not hold as tightly if it is constantly stretched. Batteries are similar, though some technology and kinds of batteries are better at this. Modern phones (i have heard) are totally fine if you charge them to the maximum."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do some hostels do they not allow people to use their own sheets or pillows?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some hostels do they not allow people to use their own sheets or pillows?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's only a matter of time until somebody brings in bedbugs, and then they have to fumigate the building."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do some sites check my browser before giving me access to it ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some sites check my browser before giving me access to it ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cloudflare is usually the one doing this. The purpose is to lock out \"users\" that the site doesn't want. Usually bots, web crawlers, and things of that nature. It also protects against things like DDOS attacks and other web based denial of service stuff. Or, super TLDR version, it's making sure you're an actual user with an actual browser, not a script sending traffic."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are some websites so difficult to click back out of?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are some websites so difficult to click back out of?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some sites redirect you: you land on one page, it redirects you to another. You go back one step and you land on the redirect page, which then redirects you again ..."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What are these 12 letters or number you often found alongside their username in online forum? Something like 24DAFA:DA4FEA.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What are these 12 letters or number you often found alongside their username in online forum? Something like 24DAFA:DA4FEA.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hexadecimal codes (a method of counting in base 16). Don't really know what they might represent in said forums. User ID perhaps?"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do surgeons have nurses hand them tools?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do surgeons have nurses hand them tools?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's faster than having to root through the table of tools yourself. Or, When you have your hands gripping another man's beating heart, you tend to not want to shift your focus away from that."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What just happened in Venezuelan economy on Feb, 8th?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What just happened in Venezuelan economy on Feb, 8th?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The answer is pretty simple: The Venezuela Central Bank devalued the Venezuelan Bolivar Fuerte by 99.6% on February 5th, 2018. You can read more about that on the [wikipedia page.]( URL_0 ) They did this to account for rampant hyperinflation that the country was, and still is, experiencing. Venezuela has a socialist economy, so the government controls business and production in the country. Venezuela relied heavily on oil sales to the US, and when oil prices tanked, the entire Venezuelan economy did too. The government mishandled most of the businesses and industries in the country, making them extra susceptible to the lower oil prices. The Venezuelan government has been *terrible* at handling the economic crisis taking place in their country. If you read a list of things they've tried to stimulate or fix their economy, it reads like a list of things you **don't** want to do to fix an economy, like print huge amounts of money to pay your debts, or assert that your currency is worth some fixed amount to the USD."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do you purchase and receive energy from a supplier on a particular grid without interfering with other suppliers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do you purchase and receive energy from a supplier on a particular grid without interfering with other suppliers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Oh, you can't. I mean, the energy you are using is energy. The grid can't differentiate your green electricity from a coal electricity. Try to imagine it like this, there are 2 water sources that go in the same river. When you take water from the river you can't say for sure whose water you are taking. BUT if you pay the water to supplier A, then supplier A will be required to augment his production capabilities, to meet all the demands that require \"Supplier A\" water. The same applies to green electricity. If supplier G (for green) sells 1 MWh of certified green electricity it means that he has enough renewable production to ensure 1MWh of electrical production. If many users decide that they want to buy their electricity from Supplier G, he will now sell 2MWh, so he will have to increase his certified electrical production accordingly. This means he will have to buy more PV plants or more wind turbines until he can certify that he is producing more energy that the one needed by his customers. Edit: since electricity can't be easily stored. Right now the grid does this calculation year round."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do houseplants know what season it is?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do houseplants know what season it is?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They get varying amounts of sunlight every day. Short days = winter; and long days = summer. Temperature varies every day and swings over a large range. It's not as reliable as sunlight. Some plants, like cherry trees, do use ground temperature, but they bloom very early in the spring."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it harder to be diagnosed for something like ADHD or any other mental health diagnosis when you are older?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it harder to be diagnosed for something like ADHD or any other mental health diagnosis when you are older?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Also, you probably have developed coping mechanisms to mask\/mitigate the less desirable symptoms by the time you are an adult."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is that \u201cwhite noise\u201d sound that I always hear when it\u2019s silent?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is that \u201cwhite noise\u201d sound that I always hear when it\u2019s silent?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That could be tinnitus. The loss of a part of your hearing caused by being exposed to loud sounds for a long time. You might want to get that checked out if you aren't sure."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Would you be able to push an asteroid in space with one finger if you had a jetpack?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Would you be able to push an asteroid in space with one finger if you had a jetpack?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Assuming you could push strong enough to counteract the forward momentum the asteroid has, but I doubt your body could handle attempting it"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is a small amount of inflation considered \"good\" for an economy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is a small amount of inflation considered \"good\" for an economy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Small amounts of inflation are good for the economy because it encourages investment. If you have a large sum of cash, it's losing value every day (slowly, but it's still happening). If you want to make the most out of your money, you'll recognize that you need to to put into an investment fund of some sort so your stored cash doesn't lose value. Or you'll want to buy something with it, since given more time, the same item will be more expensive. Investments and purchases are needed to keep the economy churning. If deflation is occurring, then it's a good idea for you to sit on your big pile of money Scrooge McDuck style since it's because it's worth more every day. If everyone does this, the economy stagnates."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does we rub our eyes when we are tired?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does we rub our eyes when we are tired?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I believe it's because when you're tired your body isn't producing as many tears (lubricant) so rubbing them will stimulate your ducts into working which will moisturize those bad boys"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Where does the average human height (say 170cm) fit on the cosmic scale from the smallest known piece of matter to the largest known distance?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does the average human height (say 170cm) fit on the cosmic scale from the smallest known piece of matter to the largest known distance?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Planck length is roughly 10^-35, distances smaller than this are not described usefully by modern physics. The diameter of the observable universe is roughly 10^26. However this value is constantly changing so it's less fundamental than the planck length. Still, your height is about 26 orders of magnitude smaller than the largest distance, and 35 orders of magnitude larger than the smallest distance."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"What effect do glaciers have on the earth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What effect do glaciers have on the earth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well they're gone now, but glaciers are caused the great plains in the midwest US. I'm in illinois and saying its flat is a understatement. A small hill is a rare sight. There used to be a mile or two thick glacier just rolling on through which flattened everything out."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"If pi is unlimited, how can we get exact values for areas\/circumferences of circles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If pi is unlimited, how can we get exact values for areas\/circumferences of circles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Those are purely theoretical values. The area of a circle, by deign of including an irrational number in its calculation, is also irrational. That\u2019s why circles are often written in terms of pi, which is considered the exact value (e.g., 10pi in^2) Anything else is technically an approximation."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does heating cream(for muscle pain) not burn your fingers but only the spot you apply it to?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does heating cream(for muscle pain) not burn your fingers but only the spot you apply it to?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The heating reaction is started by exposing the cream to the air. When it's sitting in a dollop on your finger, only the surface is being exposed, so you don't feel much (if any) heat. When it's spread around on the injury site, it gets thoroughly mixed with the air and begins its heat-producing reaction."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How exactly does untreated cancer kill you?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How exactly does untreated cancer kill you?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The cells grow someplace that is supposed to be doing something to keep you alive. That kills off the cells that are supposed to be there, sometimes by stealing their food and other times by simply compressing them. Then that part of your body stops doing what it's supposed to do, and you die."} {"category":"Biology","question":"- What causes that cold\/tingly feeling when you realise you're in deep trouble?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - What causes that cold\/tingly feeling when you realise you're in deep trouble?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Probably adrenaline. As part of your fight-or-flight response, when you realise you're in trouble, your brain tells your adrenal glands (which are on your kidneys) to release adrenaline into your bloodstream, which causes a number of reactions in many of your organs. One of those reactions is to redirect blood away from areas that are less vital to survival, and move it to your limbs. People feel this in different ways. Some people feel sick, as blood leaves their digestive system. You might feel cold as your blood rushes away from your skin. Now if you're in trouble, like you forgot to hand in a report or your partner caught you cheating on them, fight-or-flight probably isn't going to help. Running away or punching someone in the face helps very few problems that people face on a day-to-day basis. But the adrenal response evolved to when humans needed to respond to much more life-threatening things, like running away from lions and murderers. In those cases, moving blood from your skin and stomach to your legs makes gives you a better shot at survival."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is there a trope of punk bands startingtheir counts with \"1,2,3,4\" but jazz bands starting their counts with \"5,6,7,8\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there a trope of punk bands startingtheir counts with \"1,2,3,4\" but jazz bands starting their counts with \"5,6,7,8\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As other suggest, a lot to do with time signature, and also the phonetics of it. five, six se vn'eight The seven-eight part gives a few more syllables to let you inflect the level of [Swing]( URL_0 ) imparted at a given tempo - helping everyone understand if they're going for triplet or sixteenth timing for the off-beats. Similarly you could encounter the count in with the swing syllables 'and a one, and a two, and a one, two, three, four', or even simpler, 'a one two three four'. Also, by adding inflection to different beats you can imply where the downbeats are **one** two **three** four for a rock beat, where a more steady 'one two three four' could be a four-on-the-floor or punk\/ska. There are lots of counts used by various musicians depending on the situation. Drummers will count one-ee-and-ah, two-ee-and-ah etc for sixteenth counts to better exclaim which beat a hit should land on. There's a whole set of music theory on [counting]( URL_1 )."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why exactly does the Pythagorean theorem work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why exactly does the Pythagorean theorem work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because that is how Euclidian space works. There are a number of proofs, but they all boil down to that relationship being part of the definition of the \"triangle\" concept\"."} {"category":"Economics","question":"When a company approaches another company to acquire them do they speak with the shareholders or with the board of directors?? And how exactly does a hostile takeover happen if the majority of the owners don't wanna sell???","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When a company approaches another company to acquire them do they speak with the shareholders or with the board of directors?? And how exactly does a hostile takeover happen if the majority of the owners don't wanna sell???","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They go to the Board of B and ask. If the Board says \"No\", then A might mount a \"hostile takeover\" by going to the stockholders of B to get them to sell all their shares to A. If A has enough shares, it replaces the board and, not surprisingly, the board says \"Yes\"."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does aspirin and other over the counter pain killers stop pain exactly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does aspirin and other over the counter pain killers stop pain exactly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Ibuprofen, at least, blocks a (reception or generation, I'm not sure) hormone called Prostaglandin, since that hormone is needed for pain, you feel less of it. Prostaglandin is also responsible for hemostasis and inflammation, which is why ibuprofen has the side effect of reducing inflammation and making your blood clot less."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is it that the layers of the earth get hotter as it goes deeper, the core being the hottest, if the surface is actually closest to the sun? Where does the core get its heat from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that the layers of the earth get hotter as it goes deeper, the core being the hottest, if the surface is actually closest to the sun? Where does the core get its heat from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Shorter version: The core was already hot, and is slowly cooling down. Back in the \"early days\" of science, the earth's age was estimated using the baked potato technique. It likens the earth to a massive ball that just came out of the oven, and the surface cools down while the inside stays hot. There are other factors that heat the core, such as radioactive stuff in the earth's core that slowly generates heat. Ultimately, the earth *is* cooling down, though."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How do sinkholes happen and not get noticed before building stuff like houses or streets on top of it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do sinkholes happen and not get noticed before building stuff like houses or streets on top of it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If a hole is near the surface, you could do a test that is similar to sonar to find it, but this rarely happens because they cannot penetrate very far down. Another option is to bring a geotechnical company out and drill a bunch of test Boeing\u2019s to see what the Stone is like (which happens anyways with most major construction) but even these will miss things because the Boeing\u2019s are spaced out by dozens of meters, leaving plenty of space for stuff to hide. In generals sinkholes are only predicable by region. ie if you build in an area that has bedrock that is known to commonly get sinkholes (or just smaller holes in general which can wreck foundations even if the surface doesn\u2019t cave in, the building can start to sink). You have a better chance of encounter a sinkhole. These areas typically have bedrocks with stones like limestone, that can dissolve from rain\/acidic rain over decades. That\u2019s the real problem with sink holes, even if you did do major testing a verified that there were no sinkholes or issues with the bedrock you\u2019re building on. In 10-20 years there could be a sinkhole forming without anyone knowing, and 25-50 years, which is a common life span of a building\/road\/parking lot, you can have a sinkhole many feet across that is bout to collapse. The bedrock can just slowly dissolve out from underneath you. Edit: source, I work for a Foundation Engineering company that deals with sinkhole affected areas in the Northeast USA."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do car tires lose air when sitting for a long time, but not when driven regularly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do car tires lose air when sitting for a long time, but not when driven regularly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is not something I've noticed before. I've had cars sit for a year or so, but never longer. Could be that over time the tire deforms a bit due to the pressure on it always being in the same spot. So then its not seated properly and a bit of air leaks past the seal."} {"category":"Other","question":"is sparkling water just as hydrating as plain water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n is sparkling water just as hydrating as plain water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's both good and bad. The co2 particles break the surface tension and decrease the amount of energy your body needs to spend to separate the water molecules. This is good. Guzzling sparkling water can be harder than you think, making it difficult to guzzle (if that's your goal). So this would be the bad. If you want a good hydrating beverage, try 1\/3 OJ or grape juice and 2\/3 water. The surface tension will be greatly decreased and it will be very thirst quenching. I drink all my juice this way and after trying it, my girlfriend does too now."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the mathematical\/caloric difference between running 1 mile and walking 1 mile. You finish one earlier and spend less time buring calories, the other burns slower but lasts longer. I it more energy efficient to walk 1 mile or run then rest?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the mathematical\/caloric difference between running 1 mile and walking 1 mile. You finish one earlier and spend less time buring calories, the other burns slower but lasts longer. I it more energy efficient to walk 1 mile or run then rest?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Running is less *efficient* than walking. Walking is relatively level. Your body, although it has some vertical movement, is basically pathing horizontally - parallel to the ground. With running, there is a significant bounce - your whole body is lifting up and dropping down. This takes energy. You're basically trading efficiency for speed. Spend more power and energy, you get there faster. So, even though you go the same distance, walking or running, you end up spending significantly more energy running the same distance."} {"category":"Other","question":"why do humans hate being lied to?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do humans hate being lied to?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because in the end, it doesn't matter how you want things to be; it only matters how they really are. Lies, beautiful or terrible, prevent reliable decision making. As conscious creatures, caught in a turbulent sea of constant change, our decisions, our choices, define us. When someone lies to you, they are taking away the ability to define ourselves, and making those choices, those definitions in our stead."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"What does it mean to dissociate? (psychology\/psychiatry)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does it mean to dissociate? (psychology\/psychiatry)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I was raped at 15 and dissociated the first time. I honestly felt nothing. Like I was there, it was happening to me, but I was like a zombie, just completely blank minded. I was like \"huh. Ok, so this is happening.\" No pain, no emotions. Just blankness. It sucks because I guilt myself for not speaking up, or fighting back. I just laid there. I just checked out of myself"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is plastic so cheap and easy to produce but nearly impossible to decompose\/get rid of?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is plastic so cheap and easy to produce but nearly impossible to decompose\/get rid of?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Plastic is generally an organic molecule, made up of carbon, hydrogen, sometimes oxygen and sometimes other elements (for example, PVC contains chlorine). It can be produced on huge scales using relatively-cheap materials. But the result is generally a new material which, unlike most other organic molecules, is not eaten by bacteria, which is how most things get broken down to a very small level."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"why clementines are so big these days?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why clementines are so big these days?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They\u2019re bred to be larger, tastier and juicer with thinner peels. It\u2019s a result of selective breeding for the traits we desire. Just about every plant or fruit we use as crops in agriculture has been modified in this way. Lots of citrus especially has gone through m this, most of what we eat are hybrids and not the original fruit we discovered was edible."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is salt water so difficult to make drinkable\/usable?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is salt water so difficult to make drinkable\/usable?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not really. It's as simple as boiling the water. It just takes a lot of energy because water takes a lot of energy to heat up, which makes it economically infeasible to do for regular use."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why are rainbows circular? (See link)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are rainbows circular? (See link)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Rainbows are caused by light being bent through water droplets. That bending always happens at a certain angle relative to the viewer and the sun. You can see that angle in any direction from the sun, so it forms a circle."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What does the stomach\u2019s microbiome do? What role do probiotics play for the microbiome?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does the stomach\u2019s microbiome do? What role do probiotics play for the microbiome?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your body does a lot of things with honestly not that much genetic material, however, it's not able to do *everything* that we need. Some chemical processes are only really done by bacteria, and we coopt these bacteria, give them food, and they give us the processes. A large number of these processes occur in the intestines during food processing. Probiotics *are* those bacteria, and eating probiotic foods reintroduces them to your microbiome after they may have been killed, like in a round of antibiotics."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why was it so groundbreaking that ancient civilizations discovered\/utilized the number 0?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why was it so groundbreaking that ancient civilizations discovered\/utilized the number 0?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To go a bit against the others here: The fact that people discovered, that \"nothing\" can be expressed as a number - that you can also calculate with - is not obvious and very revolutionary. It shows a new level of abstract thinking that actually leads to mathematics as something different than just \"counting things\". That a number substracted from itself equals 0 seems painfully obvious to us now, but imagine having to do math without this simple operation. The decimal system is nice, but a very similar system is also possible without 0 - the Roman numerals just are exceptionally confusing. There is nothing stopping people from expressing (for example) 2437 as \"2D4C3B7A\" and 3004 as \"3D4A\" and some cultures used systems that were conceptually similar."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How did a phone connect to another phone overseas pre-1950's?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did a phone connect to another phone overseas pre-1950's?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Major cities had a \"long distance switchboard\" which had access to overseas telecom lines (typically cables running under the ocean). You had to call the operator and ask for \"long distance\" and then talk the the \"long distance operator\" and tell them what country you wanted to call. They made the connection through very primitive means, sometimes literally by plugging a wire into a socket."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do unions stay competitive with nonunions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do unions stay competitive with nonunions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In some fields, like the movie industry if you hire non-union then you cannot hire union workers. Since most of the industry is unionized that means you get the dregs of the work force, and not enough of them. In other fields that are not in that much control use the image of those that are to make their workers seem to be more skilled than the competition. People are willing to pay for skill."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How are manufacturers able to manufacture really small cpu transistors?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are manufacturers able to manufacture really small cpu transistors?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Photolithography. You know how a projector can take a small image and turn it into a massive projected image? You basically do that in reverse, large designs which get focused down and etched into the silicon by bombarding it with light."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is Modernism and other movements?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is Modernism and other movements?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I can answer most of the -isms that deal with architecture: **Modernism** with a capital 'M' is the idea that \"less is more\". This movement was a response to the first world war to answer the calamity that society suffered in Europe. This movement would travel to America and be dubbed \"International Style\" to the chagrin of its European founders, Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Le Corbusier. The Modernists sought to strike down historical context and tradition in favor of new technology (concrete, glass, steel) and rid the building of \"unnecessary ornament\". **Post-Modernism** is the counter-movement to Modernism that began in the late 60s during the many counter-culture movements that were happening. See Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown. There was no distinct \"style\" associated with Po-Mo architecture like Modernism. **Neoclassicism** is the movement that takes roots in Classical theory. It's typically depicted by ancient Greek and Roman styles of Classicism with particular attention to proportion and geometric principles to define solid and void."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What exactly is meant by net worth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is meant by net worth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you have $5 in your pocket and nothing else, your net worth is $5. But if you also owe someone $2, your net worth is $3. And let's say you also own a bicycle you could sell for $10: your net worth is now $12. But you got sued for $4 recently and haven't paid it yet, so you're now at $8 net worth. This translates into a statement of assets (positive value for you) and liabilities (negative value for you). * Liquid cash $5.00 * Physical asset (bike) $10.00 * Debt (account payable) $-3.00 * Outstanding lien (sued) $-4.00 The total is $8.00 net worth. This is how much cash you would end up with if you sold everything you had and paid off all the money you owe. (Note that the above is nowhere near a standard statement of assets and liabilities, just an example.)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do people hack into an intranet and why do we need anti-virus systems in an intranet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do people hack into an intranet and why do we need anti-virus systems in an intranet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are a lot of ways someone might \"hack into an intranet\" but a simple way to understand why something might get through the barriers surrounding an intranet is to consider USB thumb drives. A virus on a thumb drive might easily be introduced within the network even with the strongest of barriers between the internet and intranet."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How does the antiderivative ice area under the curve?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the antiderivative ice area under the curve?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This was one of the big questions I had as a calculus student back in the day. dy or dx denotes an infintesimally small change in y or x respectively. This is why the derivative is denoted as dy\/dx, that is a small change in y over a small change in x, aka a slope. Just mentioning this in case you didn't know, my high school calculus teacher failed to mention this. An integral is the integral sign followed by a function and a dx (or d_ if integrating with respect to some other variable). What exactly does this expression F(y)dx mean? Well, F(y) is the height of the function. dx is an infinitesimally small change in x, or base? Multiply them together? You get an infinitesimally small rectangle, all of which sum up to the area under the curve. What could this individual rectangle be called? Its an infinitesimally small one, but once again you sum all the rectangles up to find the area, similarly to how on a line you add the slope once to y for every x you go up... so could we call this small sliver of rectangle a rate of change of the area. Therefore reversing the rate of change into the function for area, taking the anti-derivative, gives us the function for the area between two points on the curve. More visual explanation: URL_0"} {"category":"Technology","question":"What incentivise groups to crack games and distribute them? Is there any monetary benefit for them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What incentivise groups to crack games and distribute them? Is there any monetary benefit for them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The technical challenge and the recognition. To a cracker, a copy-protected game is a riddle, a puzzle box, crafted by the best puzzle-makers the game industry can afford. There's a rush and a lot of prestige in being the first to solve this puzzle."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why does pouring hot water sound different than pouring cold water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does pouring hot water sound different than pouring cold water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"From 'Quite Interesting' (Q.I.) s14e03: \"because hot water is, kind of, slightly less sticky, is the thing of it, molecules in it have more energy from the heat, and so when hot water hits a hard surface, it breaks up into smaller particles and makes a higher pitched splashing noise than cold water. \""} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why do people roll their eyes when exasperated or annoyed at someone or something?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people roll their eyes when exasperated or annoyed at someone or something?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Eye contact is an important part of communication for humans (and other animals). Averting eye contact is used across multiple cultures to signify discomfort or distaste as well as a method of avoiding direction aggression. This is seen across all kinds of mammals, particularly primates, so it may be biological in nature. Eye-rolling specifically is a very recent phenomenon; 20th century at the earliest. It's just one of those memes which spread through use. It's an easily-exaggerated form of eye contact removal which allows one to emphasize their distaste."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do online news articles have typos or grammatical mistakes, even from notable publications?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do online news articles have typos or grammatical mistakes, even from notable publications?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The answer is quite simple: they fired the copy editors while simultaneously demanding more output from their journalists. Copy editors don\u2019t produce any content so they\u2019re strictly a cost center. When revenues started falling, they got the axe. Online-only publications mostly never had them to start with. Even experienced journalists can\u2019t be expected to turn it perfectly-edited articles all the time."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I work for a Marine Science Centre, so I can't speak for Zoos, but whenever a large marine mammal passes away we either haul them out using fork lifts or cranes. Usually we'll notice a deterioration in their physical health months or even up to a year beforehand, and so would move them to a separate \"quarantine\" pool to give them proper treatment or end-of-life care, and this pool can facilitate their removal when\/if they pass. Once removed they're taken to a local animal sciences facility (any of a few local universities) where they undergo a necropsy (autopsy for animals). Samples are taken and tested to determine cause of death (whenever possible) and usually these samples are also preserved for further\/future scientific study. Depending on the animal and the permits aquired, certain samples like skin and bones can even be re-used for educational, public programs to teach folks about the life in our oceans! Surprisingly few public actually realize or are knowledgeable of the diversity of life beyond our beaches and ports. Edit: formatting\/spelling Edit 2: I appear to have recieved gold on one of my comments here. Just wanted to say if you, dear Redditor, so wish to gild, please instead consider donating to a local (or favorite) AZA (Association of Zoos and Aquariums) or CAZA (same as AZA but Canadian) accredited Marine Centre or Zoo. Not all of us are evil and for profit or entertainment. Sometimes (as per the federal government) an animal is unfortunately deemed unreleasable and without facilities to house them they would otherwise be euthanized. And they can help further scientific research into their species and hopefully continue to preserve their species in the wild. Thanks!"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How come a lot of cryptography involves the use of prime numbers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come a lot of cryptography involves the use of prime numbers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because when you have big numbers multiplied together, it's very easy to multiply them, but very difficult to divide and find all the numbers that have been multiplied. Example: find what numbers have been multiplied together to give the result of 298178561. Those numbers that have been multiplied together are the passwords to the encryption."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why would anyone buy a bond with a negative yield?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why would anyone buy a bond with a negative yield?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lots of reasons: 1. you're buying \\_your own\\_ bond. Most bonds require a liquidity level in the issuer to match obligation out there, and buy buying back they can decrease the liquidity level required. 2. they may be effectively trading \\_currency\\_ - e.g. they currency it's issue in is going to change in value so the very small loss in bond yield is made up for in currency change (relative to some other currency). 3. They may believe they are entering a period of probably loss in portfolio value but think the most secure place for their money is in a bond that has a very predictable, but reliable loss. E.G. if you believe a market is going to tank by 15%, then finding the strategy that loses 0.5% is \\_really, really good\\_."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do things get red hot when applied enough heat?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do things get red hot when applied enough heat?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"All things emit radiation at a peak frequency based on their temperature. Cooler objects like animals emit mostly in wavelengths we can't see such as infrared, but hotter objects can start to have peak emissions in the visible range of light. Because this frequency is based on the temperature of the object the color is an accurate indicator of temperature regardless of what the material is composed of."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does ice cream make soda fizzy - is it the shape, or the material?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does ice cream make soda fizzy - is it the shape, or the material?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Soda contains CO2. Over time the gaseous CO2 comes to the surface. The ice cream increases the rate of this CO2 from the soda causing increased fizzing. This increased rate is a result of ice cream melting and cooling the liquid quickly. The milk in the ice cream change the crystalline structure (aka Nucleation) of the bubbles and the bubbles get large quiet fast thus you observe fizzing."} {"category":"Biology","question":"biologically, how does herding animals work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n biologically, how does herding animals work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Herding animals capitalizes on a behavior shared by some animals, interestingly called \"herd animals\". Sheep have a behavior which causes them to stay in a group, because this makes it harder for a predator to attack them. Using sheep dogs to herd them capitalizes on this \"feature\", using a dog to make them move from place to place in a big group."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How can I delete an app from my phone and then not have enough space to download it again?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can I delete an app from my phone and then not have enough space to download it again?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"On Android, when you delete an app, it often leaves behind data that the operating system is unaware of, so it never gets deleted. The main data files for that app are deleted, but the leftovers will just sit there forever. You can manually search for and delete that leftover data yourself on any Android device. It doesn't need to be rooted to do that. On iOS, this doesn't happen often, but when it does, syncing with a PC\/Mac using iTunes or Apple Music or whatever fixes that. Also, the word you meant to use is storage. Memory is something else entirely."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why does the Fed matter so much? And what sort of power do they have over the US economy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the Fed matter so much? And what sort of power do they have over the US economy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The Federal Reserve matters because it is the Central Bank of the United States and the lender of last resort for all of our other banks. It has a great deal of power over the economy, primarily through the buying and selling of Treasury Bonds and setting the \"ground rules\" that all other banks follow. It's worth noting that people tend to massively misunderstand what the Fed is. It is not a Private Bank, it is a weird mix of Private and Public. It's Board of Directors is appointed by the President, but the Fed does not have to seek approval for its actions from Congress or the President. So it is an independent agency that ultimately acts on its primary mission - keep the US economy ticking along nicely."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is silence necessary for sleep?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is silence necessary for sleep?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It isn't necessary. It's just harder for us to calm down because our brains are wired from hundreds of thousands of years of humans being nomads that noise could mean danger. I used to go to sleep every night with the TV on."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Where do the random bubbles in lakes come from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where do the random bubbles in lakes come from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Methane gas from decomposing plant matter in the sediment. Edit:. Moderator bot says this isn't sufficient so: Plant and dead animal matter collects at the bottom of lakes and ponds, and bacteria feeds on the cellulose in the plant matter, producing small amounts of methane (CH4). This collects until a sufficient amount forms a bubble that can push up through the mud\/sediment forming the bottom of the lake, then rises to the surface."} {"category":"Other","question":"What happens when a homeless person dies? What does the state do in that situation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens when a homeless person dies? What does the state do in that situation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When the body is found, the authorities try to identify it and see if any relatives want to have a funeral. Assuming it was not murder, if the body is not claimed it is buried in a pauper's grave as cheaply as possible."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What is the point of Kirchhoff's First Law?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the point of Kirchhoff's First Law?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If your circuit splits up into different (parallel) paths, it tells you that the sum of the current in the paths will be the same as the current before they split up (and equally, the sum of the currents in paths that join together will give you the current in the section after they've joined together)."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How are there different levels of infinity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are there different levels of infinity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Suppose you have two groups of things, in mathematical terms, two sets. For example, let's say we have the sets {an apple, a grape, a banana} and {yellow, red, purple}. You can show that the two sets are the same size by showing that there is a one-to-one mapping between the two sets. A one-to-one mapping is a group of pairs of items, where every item in the each set is paired with exactly one item in the other set, and no item is paired more than once. We can make such a mapping with our example sets like this: {apple < - > red, banana < - > yellow, grape < - > purple} But if you can show that when you try to make a mapping like this you always end up with items from one of the sets left over, then that set must be larger. It turns out it's possible to do that with some infinite sets. In particular, the integers and real numbers. If you try to pair every integer with a real number, no matter how you do it, there will always be some real numbers left over. So the infinity describing the amount of real numbers is bigger than the infinity describing the amount of integers."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does a speaker emulate the sound of many different instruments all playing at the same time at different layers \/ rhythms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a speaker emulate the sound of many different instruments all playing at the same time at different layers \/ rhythms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"All sound is actually rapidly changing air pressure. The air pressure at your eardrum can really only have a single value at a single moment; the fact that we can mentally process that varying pressure into all the differerent instruments and voices is really a testament to how wonderful our brains are! So the speaker just has to reproduce, to a certain level of accuracy, the same pattern of varying air pressure."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do animals like octopi and the like, know how to camouflage themselves to their surroundings?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do animals like octopi and the like, know how to camouflage themselves to their surroundings?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Instinct, programmed by millions of years of evolution. Octopodes also happen to be very intelligent for their size and show some quite remarkable problem solving skills."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Film grain even in modern movie blurays, is it purposeful or why cant it be cleaned out?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Film grain even in modern movie blurays, is it purposeful or why cant it be cleaned out?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Film grain is a product of the chemistry that makes film. It can be made smaller, but the smaller grains take more light to switch on (expose). That makes finer grain film \"slower\" and it's a tradeoff between lighting and grain size. To eliminate it would take very intense light, so that's not practical."} {"category":"Economics","question":"If paper\/plastic money note has serial number on it, why does coin not? And how is coin tracked then?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If paper\/plastic money note has serial number on it, why does coin not? And how is coin tracked then?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not. It's also not really required: coins are costly to make compared to their value, from the metal cost to the smelting and pressing. Small coins are usually more expensive to makes than their face value, even smaller coin (think 1c euro) are most costly in metal alone than their face value (they changed to way they are done to avoid people smelting them to sell the scrap) It's then not really important to keep track of them."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What causes the feeling that somebody is looking at you?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes the feeling that somebody is looking at you?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is no extra sense for this. It's usually a result of confirmation bias. Long story short, people can't actually tell when someone is looking at them unless they have seen that person looking at them. Your eyes pick up a lot of information and not all of it goes into your immediate awareness. We have super sensitivity to gaze and even a glimpse of someone or something looking at you can trigger it. On the rare occasion that you do catch it, you are more likely to remember that than every time you don't."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If female praying mantises kill the males after mating, then why hasn\u2019t the species died out yet? They would not be able to replace each generation.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If female praying mantises kill the males after mating, then why hasn\u2019t the species died out yet? They would not be able to replace each generation.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Like a lot of insects the parent generation dies after mating and laying eggs. That's why they usually lay a lot of eggs and just hope that on average 2 of them reach mating age in the next generation. The eating of the male is basically just recycling it's chemical energy wich isn't needed anymore because the male already did it's job, and the female still needs some time to place the eggs somewhere Some species of them are even able to produce offspring without a male."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Is it possible to make a phone screen that is both scratch-proof and shatter-proof?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is it possible to make a phone screen that is both scratch-proof and shatter-proof?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I would wager a guess that while it may be possible, it'll probably be much more economical to produce a shatterproof screen that truly self-heals even deep scratches."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do wealthy people form their own charities instead of donating to existing charities?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do wealthy people form their own charities instead of donating to existing charities?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Starting a charitable foundation allows the rich guy to accomplish a few things: 1). The moment the dollars get assigned to the foundation they are a tax deduction. This can simplify tax filings in the future. 2). A well managed foundation can invest those dollars tax-free. That way the \"profits\" can be distributed and the \"principal\" can stay intact. In other words, a lasting source of donations. 3). The foundation can use its influence to choose and guide the use of the funds if it's big enough. 4). It gets rid of people and charities continually asking. Just refer to your foundation. Comments- I'm not an accountant, a lawyer, or a rich guy. But even middle class people can do something similar. Some brokerage companies have a setup to create a charitable trust. ( I know Fidelity does). Operates in a similar way. Just smaller scale. Professional management on the investment. Your little fund gets managed with everyone else's, but the directed donations are by you. Say you have an unusually good financial year. Put a bunch in the trust. Get tax deduction.. you don't have the money but you save on taxes. And then can donate how you want over several years."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does it take so long to develop a vaccine and make sure it's safe? Isn't it as simple as taking an inactive form of the virus and Bob's your Uncle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does it take so long to develop a vaccine and make sure it's safe? Isn't it as simple as taking an inactive form of the virus and Bob's your Uncle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Viruses aren't alive in the first place, so you can't kill them and inject the corpse. So now you need to figure out how much damage you do to the virus. Let's say you damage 80% of it - now it's so rubbish that your body might not even recognize it as a virus. If it makes antibodies, it might make it for something unrelated. Let's say you damage 10% of it - now you've just injected someone with an active virus and have probably committed a fuck ton of malpractice. Let's say you damage 50% of it - now the antibodies are being created properly, but the person shows symptoms. Now you need to test it a thousand times to check how bad it gets. If the vaccine kills one person out of every 10,000 people, do you risk killing that one person? So you have to hit the perfect balance - and that's assuming your method of damaging the virus is so delicate and perfect. And nothing in the world is perfect."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Trains seem like no-brainers for total automation, so why is all the focus on Cars and trucks instead when they seem so much more complicated, and what's preventing the train from being 100% automated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Trains seem like no-brainers for total automation, so why is all the focus on Cars and trucks instead when they seem so much more complicated, and what's preventing the train from being 100% automated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I've been a Locomotive Engineer for the BNSF Railway for 10 years. The first answer to your question is that the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (Engineers Union) is the oldest in the country at 152 years and we have fought tooth and nail to keep our jobs. That being said, the second answer is a little more complicated. The bulk of modern road locomotives are manufactured by General Electric. A road Locomotive is a six axle 4400 horsepower engine that is meant to travel at track speed between cities. This is opposed to a yard Locomotive which is four axles and only meant to travel at 10 mph in short intervals though it is capable of track speed (up to 70mph). A General Electric Locomotive comes with proprietary software in the locomotives heads up display called the GE Trip Optomizer. The T.O. as we call it is essentially auto pilot. Once engaged, it is capable of speeding up or slowing down the train at speeds of 12-70 mph. It uses algorithms to determine how to handle the train in the most fuel efficient manner while managing \"in train forces,\" but more on that later. The T.O. Uses GPS to determine exact locations to comply with both permanent and temporary speed restrictions. In my experience the T.O. Is accurate within 50 feet which is nothing short of miraculous considering the computer has to discern variables such as train tonnage (weight) both as a whole and individual cars and where they are placed in the train. Also train length and curvature of the territory. Whether or not you are on an ascending or descending grade (up a Mountain or down one). As an Engineer in 2017 I am needed at the controls of a Locomotive for the following reasons. First, T.O. Doesn't always work, nor is it present in all of our locomotives (some are made by EMD.) Second, T.O. Doesn't work at speeds below 12 mph, so I have to start the train out and then engage the T.O. Once I get over 12. Third, T.O. Only works when I have authority to travel at track speed for a great distance. For example, if I have authority for 6 miles or more, I will engage the T.O. If I have to stop at some point within about six miles, I have to take control of the train and get it stopped at the correct location while complying with good train handling procedures. The T.O. Is only able to operate at maximum authorized speed all the time. It does not stop the train. That is the job of an engineer. Imagine a self driving car that can only handle itself on Interstate highways at the posted speed limit and cannot drive down a street with traffic lights and comply with the signals. Same concept. Stopping the train without snapping it in two is the main job of a Locomotive Engineer. It's like a musician making music with an instrument. It takes training and experience. There are two types of brakes used on a train. First are the Dynamic Brakes, which are only found on Locomotives. That is where each axle acts as an electric generator. Imagine a hand crank emergency radio or flashlight. When you turn the crank there is resistance on the handle which is generating power. We use the resistance on each axle to slow down the train by generating electricity. We then literally throw away all that valuable electricity by dissipating it as heat out the top of the engine. It's a tremendous waste but hey, that's how we roll in America. The second type of brakes that we use and probably the biggest reason to keep trains manned is the Westinghouse Air Brake System. Each rail car is equipped with brake rigging which operates entirely on compressed air. There are no electrical components, everything is mechanical. There are air compressors on the locomotives that are connected to each car through the use of air hoses and the entire system is controlled by the engineer at the head end of the train. The speed of the train can be controlled by either taking away air (setting the brakes) or adding air (releasing the brakes). I know that sounds backwards but that's how the system was designed. It is the Westinghouse air brake design that truly throws a wrench into the need for automation. You see, Westinghouse designed this system in the 19th century. That's right, the flipping 1800s. The Titans of industry at the time began to expand the railroads so rapidly that there was only time enough to redesign the system to be more efficient once. That also happened in the 1800s. So that means that in 2017 we still use this system to stop our trains. Every rail car on every piece of track in the United States has this type of brake rigging. And according to federal law, each car has to have tested, inspected and working air brakes BEFORE the train departs it's initial terminal. A Conductor, (that's the other guy in the cab) has to walk the entire length of the train three times before the train can depart, once on each side to ensure the brakes are set and once to ensure the brakes have released. That could be up to 7000+ feet three times (5280 feet in a mile!) The Westinghouse air brake system, although used industry wide, has its flaws. The brakes have a tendency to \"dynamite\" or begin braking without warning. Imagine the brake on the rear car braking a full capacity and no other brakes in the train are working. This type of event cracks the whole train like a whip and the Conductor and Engineer are at the tip. At the very least we'll get greasy face prints on the windshield. At the worst we're looking at a train broken in two or possibly a derailment. In the remote locations that the railroad travels in, it is the job of trained professionals like us to inspect the train, possibly change a broken knuckle on a car (60 lbs), put the train back together (do another air test) and get on our way. In using a temperamental system like this it falls upon he job of a human being to orchestrate the movements of the train through the use of his senses. Feel, what's going on behind you? Is there more slack in the train than you expected? Sound, are the brakes squealing? Is it possible that they are not all the way released? Smell, do you smell hot brake shoes? The smell of burnt rubber? Sight, look back at the train on a curve. Is it on fire? Is there dragging equipment? Taste, what's in my lunchbox? Is it time to put my steak and potato in the engine compartment to heat it up yet? These are things that automation cannot replace, human intuition in the middle of nowhere."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What exactly is cerebral palsy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is cerebral palsy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that are discovered at young age and lasts for life. It is caused by an underdevelopment or damage to the part of the brain that control movements, balance, and posture. People with Cerebral Palsy may have weak or stiff muscles, poor coordination, and trouble seeing, hearing, swallowing, and speaking. Tldr; CP is a group of movement disorders, and people affected by it may have difficulty with any function or activity that involves muscle use."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why did \"they\" change the name of the phenomenon from \"Global Warming\" to \"Climate Change\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why did \"they\" change the name of the phenomenon from \"Global Warming\" to \"Climate Change\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Both terms have been out there for a long time. There is famously a 1997\/1998 memo by a conservative strategist named Luntz that asked Republicans to start using \"climate change\" exclusively as a term, feeling that it was a less alarming term than \"global warming\". The public use of the term shifted soon afterwards, as politicians followed his advice."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how does an mri\/ct scan see inflammation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does an mri\/ct scan see inflammation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In contrast to what other replies have said, on a CT scan, blood has basically the same density as water and since most of our soft tissues are highly perfused with blood and our cells are full of water, most tissues look the same on a CT scan with the exception of air, fat and bone. A CT scanner isn\u2019t the best at detecting inflammation because of those similarities but if you add IV contrast to the blood stream you can delineate things a little better. Still, at the end of the day, you can only sometimes detect inflammation in some tissues at some times. An MRI does not use xrays at all. It uses big magnets to alter the way your hydrogen atoms behave and as we know, hydrogen makes up a big part of our body, most obviously in all the water inside us (H2O) but also in fat. Different methods of detecting the behaviour of hydrogen atoms produce different images and a scan of your body often includes a number of different \u2018weightings\u2019 or ways of detecting the image which are all interpreted together to come up with a diagnosis. A lot of these \u2018weightings\u2019 have to do with detecting water in abnormal locations which is often diagnostic of inflammation."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does a^2 + b^2 = c^2 in a right triangle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a^2 + b^2 = c^2 in a right triangle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Imagine you had a square with four similar triangles inside forming a smaller square: a b \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 | \/\u2014\u2014____ |a | \/ c \u2014\u2014-___| b| \/ \/ | | \/ c \/ | | \/ c \/ | | \/ \/ |b | \u2014\u2014____ c \/ | a| \u2014\u2014___\/ | \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 b a a \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 | \/| b | | \/ | | b| c \/ | b | | \/ | b | | \/ | | |_\/__|_______b______| a| a |\u2014\u2014____ c | a |____|_______\u2014\u2014____| a b This new figure was made by rearranging the triangles. Notice how in the first figure, the square in the center has area c^2. In the second figure, the two squares are a^2 and b^2. Both figures have the same outer square and the same four triangles in it. So if the areas of the four triangles combined are equal in both figures, then the areas not occupied by triangles must be equal. So a^2 + b^2 = c^2."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does glue work? And why are some glues absolutely horrible while others work great?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does glue work? And why are some glues absolutely horrible while others work great?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Glue can work a couple different ways. In most cases it's a non-solid material that hardens between the two objects you want glued together, and before hardening it seeps into all the little pores and holes of the material. This is mechanical adhesion. Some glue is especially effective on certain materials, for example, wood glue is way better on wood than on plastic. This is because wood glue is made with the chemical structures of wood in mind in order to bond at a greater level. This is dispersive adhesion. Some glues will take dispersive adhesion to the next level by chemically reacting with a material in order to create hydrogen bonds - a particularly strong chemical reaction - to stay bonded. Ever gotten gorilla glue on your hand and had to remove it, and your skin felt super soft afterwards? That's because it bonded to the top layer of your skin and you had to rip that top layer off to get rid of the glue. As for the efficiency of the glue, school grade glue sticks are made with a lot of filler and shitty cheap material, so it's not going to work as well as a wood glue or industrial grade adhesive."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What happens in people\u2019s brains when they can\u2019t find an object that is directly in front of them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens in people\u2019s brains when they can\u2019t find an object that is directly in front of them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I assume its the same type of thing as Highway blindness Your brain doesnt process everything your eyes take in. It will filter through memory of what the room\/area\/road looks like so they brian only has to take in what it thinks is different. This a vary simplified skimmed verison of it"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do movie theaters project the movie onto the massive surface area without it looking blurry\/low quality?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do movie theaters project the movie onto the massive surface area without it looking blurry\/low quality?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Actually, the cameras still often record on film which is technically pixel-less (analog).. therefore when played in theaters, as long as it's in focus, it's clear. They're also using projectors in the $200,000-400,000 range, and those who do use digital projection are using higher end laser projectors or multiple projectors, like Dolby at AMC."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why isn\u2019t the man married to the Queen the King?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why isn\u2019t the man married to the Queen the King?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because he wasn't allowed to have that title. Since the British Queen is a constitutional monarch, Parliament has a lot of influence in this matter. In theory, Prince Philip could have been granted the title of King Consort (as opposed to King Regnant), but this is a very rare title in European aristocracy. It's not quite true, by the way, that \"King\" is a higher rank than \"Queen\". Rather, a \"Queen Regnant\" is a queen in her own right and has the same rank as a King Regnant, while a \"Queen Consort\" is the wife of a King Regnant. Queen Regnant and King Regnant have the same rank. In one usual case, in the 17th century England was reigned jointly by a King Regnant and a Queen Regnant: they were King William III of England and Queen Mary II of England, and they ranked equally with each other. People assume that these titles and styles are automatic, but they're not. Queen Victoria's husband Albert expected to gain the title of King Consort, but Parliament objected: he was German (at a time of anti-German sentiment), he was not a member of the Church of England and some of his relatives were Catholics. They eventually (after about 17 years of wrangling) settled on Prince Consort as a compromise, and later -- after an assassination attempt on the Queen -- arrangements were made to allow him to become Regent in case the Queen died before her heir was old enough to perform his duties. It was even worse with the Duke of Edinburgh. He was granted the style of \"His Royal Highness\", and everyone assumed that meant he was a prince. He was, but not a *British* prince: he was Prince of Greece and Denmark. Shortly after the coronation, there was a lot of debate over what his title should be: one suggestion, which the Queen favoured, was Prince of the Commonwealth, but other suggestions included Prince Consort, Prince of the Realm, and even Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories. Finally he was given the title Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and is referred to as His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. There was debate over whether he would be granted the title Prince Consort for his birthday, but that didn't happen. TL;DR: There is nothing automatic about this. The monarch and Parliament might spend years arguing over what titles members of the Royal Family are entitled to."} {"category":"Technology","question":"With deepfake voices now sounding almost indistinguishable from human voices, why do computer voices (TTS, Google Maps, etc) still sound like garbage?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n With deepfake voices now sounding almost indistinguishable from human voices, why do computer voices (TTS, Google Maps, etc) still sound like garbage?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because they're not deep-fake voices. They're deliberately kept out of the uncanny valley by remaining obviously computerized. That way, nobody gets weirded out by an almost human voice."} {"category":"Biology","question":"When you are dehydrated, why is it so hard to drink enough water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you are dehydrated, why is it so hard to drink enough water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To add on to everyone, water in itself isn't the all powerful when it comes to hydration. It's sodium. The salt in the water is what causes the water bits to slow down in the digestion process, and allow water to be retained. Remember when you were in elementary school and someone in class said they'd just drink ocean water before they'd die of dehydration on an island? And the teacher said they'd die faster? Well, it's just the opposite there. Instead of water slowly going in, it's coming in fast with too much sodium for the kidneys to function correctly. So they just expell the water. In cases of dehydration with slow water consumption, your kidneys won't do much because too much water will be too much on your digestive tract and you'll eventually end up just bypassing everything through your stool if it's not absorbed in the intestines fast enough"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does water taste amazing when you're thirsty but taste like nothing otherwise?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does water taste amazing when you're thirsty but taste like nothing otherwise?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's pretty much your brain's way of letting you know: \"Hey! You're thirsty? This is what's best to drink when you're thirsty!\""} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do drugs get valued? What defines their value?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do drugs get valued? What defines their value?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Like many products you buy, the more you buy, the less you pay. Let's say weed costs $15\/g, $40\/eighth (3.5g) & $250\/ounce (8 eighths or 28g) and $2500\/pound (16 ounce or 450g). Whenever you read a release from the cops about the value of a bust, it's generally inflated to make the bust sound more impressive. For example, when they find 10 pounds of weed, they won't say it 10x the cost of a pound ($25,000), they'll use the highest price possible (eg - somebody with no friends buying from a stranger at a bar might pay $20g) and use that as the basis, giving you 4500x the cost of a gram ($90,000)."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How do we know that the numbers of Pi aren't just made up?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we know that the numbers of Pi aren't just made up?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One of the first ways was to use polygons. First, draw any circle. Then, draw a regular polygon (ex: a regular hexagon) inside the circle, such that all the vertices of that polygon are on the edge of the circle. Then, draw a regular polygon with the same number of sides *outside* the circle, such that the edges are all tangential to the edge of the circle. [Like this.]( URL_0 ) As is apparent, the perimeter of the outer polygon is more than the circumference of the circle and the perimeter of the inner polygon is less than the circumference of the circle. So we essentially have placed upper and lower bounds on what that circumference can be. Since pi is *defined* to be the circumference divided by the diameter, and since we know the diameter (when we constructed the circle), then we have placed upper and lower bounds on what pi can be. If we use regular polygons with more and more sides, we will narrow that range and come up with ever increasingly better estimates of pi. Today, however, this is very inefficient. We have, through various complicated mathematical proofs, shown that pi is equal to certain kinds of infinite sequences. On example is: pi\/4 = 1 - 1\/3 + 1\/5 - 1\/7 + 1\/9 ... You alternate adding and subtracting fractions whose denominators are the odd integers. The further out you complete the sequence, the greater degree you will have approximated pi\/4. Proving that this series (if you were able to extend it out infinitely) is *exactly* equal to pi\/4 is a bit beyond the scope of this sub, but take note that it has been proven mathematically, so calculating the digits of pi is merely an arithmetic exercise of computing more and more terms of sequences like these."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why is there no 100th percentile?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there no 100th percentile?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"100th percentile would be the group below which 100% of people would fall... So the 100th percentile would be the section above what anyone scored. Edit: Think of it like 'x percent of people are below this point.' If 100% of people are below it, no one is there."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why is it easier (faster) to learn something we are interested in, than to learn something we don't show interest in?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it easier (faster) to learn something we are interested in, than to learn something we don't show interest in?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Feelings can affect the speed with which we learn. The more you think about a given topic, the more neural connections form in your brain to make processing related information faster and easier. So, if you're really interested in a specific thing, the more you'll focus on it when you're trying to learn, and the more you'll think about outside of active learning, which both promote lots of neural pathways to process the information."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do video games swatters figure out the location of their victims?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do video games swatters figure out the location of their victims?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Not an expert, but Ill try to ELI5 this: So the U.S. Government makes many records public, including things like who lives where. You can search up much of the information in the whitepages. Many people have also, at some point, used their real name on the same account as they used their username. From there you can probably get someones state just by asking, inferring through things like an IP address (you can get a range of up to a few cities if youre lucky,) or getting to know them, from there you'll need a varying amount of information to infer which `John Doe` is them. Now, you know who they are, who their family is, how much their house costs.... its endless.... and scary"} {"category":"Physics","question":"If the universe is expanding and galaxies\/stars are constantly moving, how come constellations stay static? Or are they not, considering hundreds of years ago early sailors used them to navigate?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the universe is expanding and galaxies\/stars are constantly moving, how come constellations stay static? Or are they not, considering hundreds of years ago early sailors used them to navigate?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Imagine you're looking at some distant mountains, and then you take one step to the right. Would you expect the mountains to look significantly different? The stars in the sky are trillions (with a T, that's 1,000,000,000,000s) of miles away. They're moving, but compared to that distance, they're not moving very far. The constellations do change over time, but it takes thousands of years before the change is noticable. [Here's a website]( URL_0 ) showing what the big dipper and orion will look like in tens of thousands of years."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why corn was selected as one and only crop surviving in those conditions in Installer Movie, Is there an explanation to it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why corn was selected as one and only crop surviving in those conditions in Installer Movie, Is there an explanation to it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Its a plot device. The movie is a US centric movie and wanted to invoke the good old corn farmer for nostalgia. If it has been soybean or rice, it would be harder to invoke audience connection to movie"} {"category":"Biology","question":"why is the inside of our mouth less sensitive to heat than our skin?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is the inside of our mouth less sensitive to heat than our skin?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s the other way around for me. If I eat something like, for example, a hot pocket, it doesn\u2019t feel too hot in my hand when I pick it up, but then when it\u2019s in my mouth it\u2019s like I\u2019m eating the sun.."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What happens if all your teeth are pulled and not replaced?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens if all your teeth are pulled and not replaced?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The lips will flatten without the teeth behind them, and speech can be affected (sounds like th are formed when the tongue meets the back of the upper teeth). Source: accompanied my mother when she had her teeth extracted and dentures fitted, through the whole process."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why does scratching an allergic reaction to a bug bite make it grow?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does scratching an allergic reaction to a bug bite make it grow?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So when you get bitten by a bug, it injects a small amount of venom under your skin. When you scratch it, you take the \u201cbubble\u201d of venom and push it out from the center, causing it to spread and grow."} {"category":"Other","question":"How deep into the Earth could humans dig? (If any equipment was available)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How deep into the Earth could humans dig? (If any equipment was available)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"The result was the Kola Superdeep Borehole and a drill-depth of more than 7.5 miles (12 kilometers). To put that in perspective, Kola descends further than the deepest point of the ocean, which lies at nearly 6.8 miles (11 kilometers). The borehole is located on the Kola Peninsula of Russia.Mar 11, 2015. \" URL_0 They had to stop drilling because of the heat."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What exactly happens in our body that gives us that \u201cfake falling\u201d feeling when we\u2019re in bed sometimes? Why does it often only happen in bed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly happens in our body that gives us that \u201cfake falling\u201d feeling when we\u2019re in bed sometimes? Why does it often only happen in bed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's called a [hypnic jerk]( URL_1 ). > One hypothesis posits that the hypnic jerk is a form of [reflex]( URL_0 ), initiated in response to normal bodily events during the lead-up to the first stages of sleep, including a decrease in blood pressure and the relaxation of muscle tissue.[[6]]( URL_3 ) A researcher at the University of Colorado suggested that a hypnic jerk could be \"an archaic reflex to the brain's misinterpretation of muscle relaxation with the onset of sleep as a signal that a sleeping primate is falling out of a tree. The reflex may also have had selective value by having the sleeper readjust or review his or her sleeping position in a nest or on a branch in order to assure that a fall did not occur\", but evidence is lacking.[[7]]( URL_2 )"} {"category":"Biology","question":"What's actually happening to your skin when you get a tan? Is it getting burnt?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's actually happening to your skin when you get a tan? Is it getting burnt?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Melanocytes get excited by UV rays and produce more melanin to protect skin. You can get burned if you are exposed to too much sunlight for too long, but that\u2019s actual thermal damage, not tanning."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do we get a sudden burst of energy wih music?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we get a sudden burst of energy wih music?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I believe it has something to do with releasing dopamine or seratonin in the brain, which are pretty much the feel good chemicals in the brain."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is Apple's app store a monopoly but Sony's and Microsoft's console stores not a monopoly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Apple's app store a monopoly but Sony's and Microsoft's console stores not a monopoly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"All three are the same. So is Google's. Apple's is bigger, much more lucrative, and subject to more negative publicity as a result. But it's all the same."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"....If an automobile tire takes 50-80 years to decompose, what happens to all of the rubber that gets worn off the tire while driving? How come we don\u2019t see rubber piled up along the roadways or streams?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n ....If an automobile tire takes 50-80 years to decompose, what happens to all of the rubber that gets worn off the tire while driving? How come we don\u2019t see rubber piled up along the roadways or streams?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you run a stormwater treatment plant, you see tons of it, literally. Rain washs rubber powder into stormdrains and it washes into the plant all the time."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What's the big deal about MIDI 2.0?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the big deal about MIDI 2.0?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"MIDI 2.0 will enable a number of features currently not possible with 1.0, in particular, the MIDI signal can now be 2-way on the same cable, where previously you needed individual \"in\" and \"out.\" Because of this feature, the additional feature of \"profiles\" is possible. For example, if you plug a physical mixer into your DAW, the DAW can ask the mixer what it is, and the mixer can tell it \"I'm a Mixer!\" And the DAW will automatically map the faders, knobs, and buttons in your on-screen mixer to the appropriate corresponding items on the hardware. Another thing worth mentioning, 2.0 will be 32-bit, enabling better resolution of note velocity and even +\/- cent tuning, per pitch. This enhances the \"realism\" of human expression when trying to capture it digitally. There are more features worth listing but hopefully this gives you an idea :) TL;DR the 2.0 update increases data resolution and provides quality-of-life improvements to everyone who uses MIDI."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In a Traditional IRA, the money you contribute is Pre-tax, that is you don't pay tax on it in the current year. In a Roth IRA, the money you contribute is Post-tax, that is you don't deduct it from your income in the present year. OTOH, when you start drawing money from a Traditional IRA, it is fully taxable, both principle and interest \/ gain. But it's likely you'll be at a lower rate, since you're retired. When you start drawing money from a Roth IRA, it's tax free, both the principle (on which you already paid tax) and the interest \/ gain (which you have not). For this reason, the Roth IRA is desirable if you have enough years for the IRA's gain to be a significant amount, since it remains tax-free, unlike the T-IRA."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What is a brain-freeze and why does it happen?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a brain-freeze and why does it happen?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A brain freeze is an automatic physical response to your mouth getting too cold, a situation that if pushed through could be very dangerous to the sensitive brain, nervous system, and sinus parts you have near there. The strong response makes you pause long enough for your body to reheat that area as best it can and hopefully to stop ingesting the cold stuff so fast. If you want it to go away faster, one way to solve it is to press your thumb on the roof of your mouth to help warm the area up again."} {"category":"Physics","question":"why is it so difficult to balance on a bike\/motorcycle when stationary compared to while in motion?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is it so difficult to balance on a bike\/motorcycle when stationary compared to while in motion?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The fork of a bike is angled outwards which causes the bike to catch itself as it falls when it moves forwards. As the bike falls to the right, the front wheel turns to the right, and the bike moves to the right which recenters the weight and causes it to come back upright. Additionally, the gyroscopic forces of the wheels in motion help keep the bike stable."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do certain substances (drugs, pharmaceutical drugs) need to be carefully injected in your blood in order to be effective, while others (tranquilliser darts, poison from a bite) can work regardless of where they puncture you?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do certain substances (drugs, pharmaceutical drugs) need to be carefully injected in your blood in order to be effective, while others (tranquilliser darts, poison from a bite) can work regardless of where they puncture you?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It is mostly question of dose and pharmacokinetics (the speed the substance acts). When you carefully inject something into bloodstream (some bigger vein), pretty much all of it spreads around the body fast. That way you can exactly control the dose and make the most out of what you have. If you injected it elsewhere, the odds are it would work too - but if it hit a muscle (intermuscular application), it would take much longer to get where it needs to be, which generally means lower \"maximum\" effect over longer period of time. With pharmaceutical drugs you want the best controlled outcome you can get. With bad drugs you want to get the most out of the dose. Both is better achieved by getting it right into blood. (Unless you go for intermuscular application on purpose) With poison darts and bites, the substances are so efficient and\/or in dose large enough that you dont really care. Yes, hitting a vein WOULD make it faster and stronger, but even muscle is good enough. edit: typos"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it usually recommended that brand new phones be used until the battery is low before fully charging it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it usually recommended that brand new phones be used until the battery is low before fully charging it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In the past, old-school rechargeable batteries had a limited number of \u201ccharge cycles\u201d. If you charged up your battery, by any amount, it would start to degrade and it\u2019s total capacity would drop. Modern batteries still have charge cycles, but the number of cycles they can endure is so great that it\u2019s no longer an issue. What is an issue with modern lithium batteries is actually letting the charge go low. A study showed that batteries drained to 0 can lose 30% of their charge capacity after 300-500 charge cycles, while batteries kept above 60% had no visible decrease after 2500 charge cycles. You should charge your phone whenever possible. You don\u2019t need to worry about overcharging, which was a concern back when we used Ni-Cd batteries. Lithium batteries are designed to trickle-charge when near full capacity and never overcharge. Lithium batteries are superior to old school rechargeable batteries in almost every way. Problems your parents had with rechargeables have become obsolete, and advice which was true 10 years ago is also obsolete. Lithium batteries do have a weakness compared to older rechargeable batteries - they can only operate in a very narrow temperature range. High heat and freezing cold can cause the battery to explode or stop working."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does a rechargable battery work if batteries produce electricity using chemical reactions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a rechargable battery work if batteries produce electricity using chemical reactions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The chemical reactions in rechargable batteries is reversable. That means that there is chemical reactions that will change the chemicals back to their orginial forms given that there is current flowing the other direction."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Ive looked it up but i still don\u2019t get it, what exactly is an NFT? Why do people pay so much for some? What does it have to do with crypto?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Ive looked it up but i still don\u2019t get it, what exactly is an NFT? Why do people pay so much for some? What does it have to do with crypto?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s a non fungible token. Fungibility is when things are exchangeable and nothing is different. For example my one dollar bill is the same as all other dollar bills. Non fungible means this token is not the same as another token. People pay so much for some because either they are super rare or the buyers are stupid. Cryptography is used to make non fungible tokens exist."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What is the temperature in space?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the temperature in space?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Temperature doesn't depend on the environment. If something is 200 kelvin, it's 200 kelvin. That doesn't change. You are correct in that there is no material for conduction or convection to do its thing. That doesn't mean nothing will happen, however. Light doesn't give a fuck, and you can both gain energy from, say, the sun, or lose energy from blackbody radiation. So it won't be immediately cold or hot, though the ambient temperature of space is pretty cold. But if you're in the sun's way you'll get pretty hot pretty quick, if not then you'll slowly cool down."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does vinegar preserve things ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does vinegar preserve things ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Two big reasons. First, the acidity makes it difficult for bacteria, mold, and oxygen to turn the food its trying to preserve. The second is that vinegar is a desiccant, so it draws water out of things which further inhibits bacterial and fungal growth"} {"category":"Psychology","question":"what is the science behind weighted blankets and how do they reduce anxiety?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is the science behind weighted blankets and how do they reduce anxiety?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Part of it has to do with our sensory system (hearing, seeing, smelling, and feeling) our bodies are constantly getting input from those senses. For each of our senses there are inputs that make them excited or calmed. For our sense of feeling, deep pressure and compression are calming inputs while light touch can be exciting input. So a heavy blanket will give your body an input of deep pressure and compression making your brain feel calmer. It\u2019s another reason humans hug to comfort each other, it provides pressure and compression making the person being hugged feel calmer."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Inflation. Why is money worth more or less over time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Inflation. Why is money worth more or less over time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Modern money is fiat currency - this essentially means it only has value because people agree it has value (and to an extent because governments back up the value by doing things like making cash legal tender for all debts). As a result, the value of money is going to vary based on how much money is around (the money supply), which is also typically controlled by governments or the central banks of governments. The money supply tends to increase over time primarily because that is the policy that governments and central banks have. Essentially, a stable, small amount of inflation is considered good for the economy, because it encourages people to spend and\/or invest money (no point in sitting on your money if it loses value with time). Inflation is often also used to try to boost the economy (making more money available means banks can give out more loans, more money can be borrowed\/invested\/spent, more happens in the economy) which can go wrong if taken too far."} {"category":"Technology","question":"why do phone batteries last longer in the cold, but suffer no battery loss in heat?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do phone batteries last longer in the cold, but suffer no battery loss in heat?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If batteries last longer cold then wouldn't then suffer batter loss while hot by definition? I mean if the batter lasts X minutes cold then it would last something less than X while warm. That is battery loss..."} {"category":"Other","question":"Where are all the dead animals?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where are all the dead animals?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They get eaten quite regularly by other animals or get decomposed by the many, many decomposes out there like insects, fungi, and bacteria."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do people sometimes vomit after doing a grueling physical task? Wouldn't their body want the nutrients\/fluid in their projectile?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people sometimes vomit after doing a grueling physical task? Wouldn't their body want the nutrients\/fluid in their projectile?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Not a Dr but I think it has to do with the body saying \"I can't take care of this right now (digestion) because I obviously being chased by a pack of saber tooth tigers?"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"how can there be 3 tonnes of CO2 in every tonne of fuel?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how can there be 3 tonnes of CO2 in every tonne of fuel?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fuel is generally a string of carbon atoms with two hydrogen atoms attached to each one. To make it into CO2 and heat you have to mix it with oxygen. So CH2 + 3O - > CO2 + H2O. Carbon weighs 12 units, hydrogen weighs about 1 unit and oxygen weighs 16 units. So from the above formula we can see that 14 units of fuel and 48 units of oxygen turns into 44 units of CO2 and 18 units of water. This is just rough estimations and the exact numbers varies on the fuel and the combustion so we round that x3.1 to an even x3 to account for the extra hydrogen and oxygen atoms we find in real fuels. So the extra weight of CO2 emissions comes from the oxygen that is being consumed in the combustion."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do injuries tend to hurt more in winter than in summer?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do injuries tend to hurt more in winter than in summer?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Generally speaking, we feel more pain in the cold because there is a relationship between blood circulation and nerve pain. When its cold outside and you aren\u2019t dressed up for it, it\u2019s very difficult for your body to heat itself because your heart rate slows in the cold as a way to survive. Our nerves are a network that send signals to the brain -ouch- that hurt! As circulation and heat increase our nerves calm down. The cold is more painful because it increases pressure on our nerves and stiffens soft tissues- such as your muscles. This in itself can increase your likelihood of injury (which is why runners do warm ups and wear sweats!)"} {"category":"Other","question":"How was Beringia (Alaska) habitable during the last ice age?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How was Beringia (Alaska) habitable during the last ice age?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The arctic can be thought of as a desert. All deserts are full of life, you just have to know where to look. Plenty of humans have set up and lived in arctic areas, such as the Inuit. There are specific strategies for survival in very cold areas that haven't changed much since the last ice age. You stay inside and sleep a lot, you wear heavy clothing, you mostly eat meat, and you adapt physiologically to the constant cold. Back then, there would have been mammoths, which would have been an excellent food source as well. Nowadays, a lot of food is fish and seals."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"there's a lot of different laundry detergents available on the market, is there any actual difference between them? (for colored fabrics, white, delicates, etc)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n there's a lot of different laundry detergents available on the market, is there any actual difference between them? (for colored fabrics, white, delicates, etc)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"AFAIK, the only detergent that is \"different\" is the one for white fabrics - it\u00b4s got a mild bleaching agent in it, to make your whites whiter. Other than that, I think they\u00b4re all pretty much the same."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we sometimes close our eyes and squint to recall a memory or work through a problem?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we sometimes close our eyes and squint to recall a memory or work through a problem?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Reducing the input of external stimuli reduces the current amount of information your brain needs to process. As a result, that extra \"brain power\" can be put towards recalling a memory or figuring out a problem."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do the cones in our eyes detect specific wavelengths of light and why can't we just add more cones to expand our internal color viewing range?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do the cones in our eyes detect specific wavelengths of light and why can't we just add more cones to expand our internal color viewing range?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The specific difference is in the proteins called \"photopsins\" within the cone cells. These three different kinds of proteins are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. We can't \"add more cones\" because we don't have the ability to synthesize living cells of arbitrary makeup, and even if we could there is no guarantee our brains would know what to do with them."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do phone games that advertise paying you (supposed) real money, earn that money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do phone games that advertise paying you (supposed) real money, earn that money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They earn money from advertisements and end up giving out only a tiny amount of that. You will find that most of those kind of games are some sort of chance games and have a high threshold to actually cash out. It will then usually have something you can buy to increase your chances either with your points or real money. Things like refilling the timer or entering a draw. Some people may be lucky to get a bigger amount, say $50. But most of it will be something like getting 25cents a day if you're lucky. The company may be getting a couple cents per advertisement viewed but for you to gain 25 cents, you end up watching 50 advertisements. Then there's the people who watch all the ads and spend time but then decide that it will take them too long to reach the cash out threshold which is generally set to around $20 or more. For example, you have 100 people who, in total, watched 10000 advertisements which earned the company $100. One of them won $50 and they're happy, the rest kept only getting 25 cents and have $1-5 in their accounts. To cash out, they need $20. So they have given up. So the company gives out the $50 and have another $50 left which will probably never be given out."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does the liver have so much more regenerative properties than other organs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the liver have so much more regenerative properties than other organs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Firstly, the liver is not a mechanical organ like the heart or kidneys. It\u2019s functions are based entirely on chemistry, not on structure. Any liver cell anywhere can do what a liver cell does. So, if you remove a piece of the liver, the liver still works. This would not work for a mechanical organ like the heart, because the structure of the heart is absolutely key to how the heart functions. If you remove a piece of the heart, you fundamentally alter its mechanical properties. Secondly, the liver is primarily tasked with de-toxifying toxic chemicals, and so it is constantly exposed to toxic chemicals. This constant exposure to toxins causes constant damage to liver cells. So liver cells have to constantly replace themselves as they become injured or killed in the line of duty. Put these two facts together (the shape and placement of liver tissue is irrelevant and liver tissue has a high rate of cellular regeneration), and it adds up to the fact that the liver can regenerate itself far beyond what most other organs are capable of."} {"category":"Other","question":"If I didn\u2019t want to do jury duty, what\u2019s to stop me from saying I\u2019ll find the defendant not guilty despite any and all evidence or circumstances?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If I didn\u2019t want to do jury duty, what\u2019s to stop me from saying I\u2019ll find the defendant not guilty despite any and all evidence or circumstances?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Contempt of court charges. Judges don't think you're funny. If you decide to be a dick, you're going to regret it. Because in his courtroom, ain't nobody got a bigger dick than the judge."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How are bottled\/canned drinks carbonated?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are bottled\/canned drinks carbonated?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"After the drink itself is made (water + flavoring) the manufacturer injects high pressure carbon dioxide into the drink. The carbon dioxide dissolves into the water and stays there until you release the pressure when you open the beverage. If you have a SodaStream or watch a video of one in action that\u2019s the same thing, just at much smaller scale."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What exactly does the derivative of function *f* evaluated at a point tell you about function *f*?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly does the derivative of function *f* evaluated at a point tell you about function *f*?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If I understand you correctly, you're looking for a real-world, or some sort of practical use of the derivative of a function. Is that correct? If so, consider some function f(t) for the distance an object has traveled away from some object for some range of t. What is the maximum distance it reaches (what is the local maximum of f(t), and at what time does that happen)? What is the maximum *speed* it reaches? f'(t) is an equation of the slope, or rate, of f(t). Solving it for zero (and in a non-trivial example, a little mathematical test) will tell you the time t that f(t) reaches a local max\/min (if you think of a ball being thrown in the air, it would trace and upside down parabola, and at the peak of it, the slope--f'(t)--would be zero). Solving f(t) for that time would give you the max distance. f''(t), the second derivative, gives you the slope of the slope of the distance... the acceleration. Solve this for zero, do the little test, and you've got the point (or points) in time that the object goes from accelerating positively to negatively: in other words, the time it reaches it's max speed. Say this is just a ball, and it travels in a perfect parabola, d(x) = 25-(x-5)^2 = -x^2 + 10x + 50 . The derivative is 10-2x, solved for zero, x=5. 5 seconds (or whatever unit) is when the ball is as high as it gets, and that height is d(5) = 25 units. The second derivative is -2, which makes sense because from when the ball is let go, it is always decelerating from gravity. So that can't be solved for zero like the above one... but d(x) is only valid for x > =0, so simple reasoning says that must have been it's fasted speed. d'(0) = 10 units per second: the fastest the ball moves away from the ground. EDIT: to add to this per your last question, the \"cue\" that a derivative would help here is that you're looking for the maximum or minimum of a function, or being asked for something that occurs at those points of a function."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does slice cheese get mold faster than shredded cheese?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does slice cheese get mold faster than shredded cheese?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Mold requires a few things to grow. The first is a tiny wee little itty-bitty mold spore, and the second is a nutritious perfectly-moist surface, like a hunk of cheese. The more surface area on a piece of cheese and the more air it gets exposed to or contact it has with slicing blades and stuff, the greater the chances a mold spore (or whole bunch of mold spores) will land on a moist spot and grow, and the resulting mold will start multiplying like crazy to the point where you can actually see it as mold. But shredded cheese is different - it's dryer on its surface because they pack it with a little powdered cellulose (same stuff in paper) coating to keep it separated rather than clumping up. And then they add a chemical called natamycin which prevents mold growth too. Double-whammy. Sliced cheese (not the edible oil product cheap stuff) needs to be moister or it'll crumble, so no cellulose. ...and thus no moist nutritious surfaces that are in contact with the air compared to the sliced cheese... ...and thus less moldy ick a few days later when you spot that package in the back in the fridge and fondly remember that insane 4am pizza party from two weekends ago."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do people stick their tongue out at the side of their mouth when concentrating or focusing on a complex task?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people stick their tongue out at the side of their mouth when concentrating or focusing on a complex task?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I read one hypothesis that it was a social signal for \"don't bother me, I'm concentrating on something\". This page makes reference to that, and also that it can be an \"overflow movement\", an \"extraneous physical sign that develops while distracted with a particular motor task.\" URL_0 This page says it's to cut down on the stream of sensory input that comes from the tongue, making it easier to concentrate. Not sure if I buy that, but there it is. URL_2 And this one says it indicates disagreement or ambiguity. URL_1 In short, we don't really know. Or there are many reasons, which is entirely possible when the tongue is so deeply wired into our nervous systems."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do designer brands start up? Why can't any clothing label call themselves \"designer\" and list their products for thousands of dollars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do designer brands start up? Why can't any clothing label call themselves \"designer\" and list their products for thousands of dollars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In Fashion Parlance there are two main types of brands: Designer Brands - like Louis Vuitton, Kenzo, Prada, Stella McCartney, and even Michael Kors. These are all brands that are based on an identifiable designer or personality who is at the root of the brand. These tend to be more eccentric, more daring, the 'identity' is at the heart of the brand. The truth is if you're a major entrepreneur, you don't want to create a 'designer' brand unless they already have a recognizable name or are very skilled at identifying what customers want this season and preempting that. So there's another option: Premium Brands - like Coach, Diesel, G-Star, Marlboro (yes, you can dress like your favorite cigarette mascot), Seafolly. They call these 'fantasy' names that give an impression of a lifestyle rather than hinging it to a personality. These tend to be less daring. They are more customer (and supply chain) focused. If you're a entrepreneur or an investor in a Premium brand and the current creative team isn't delivering results, you can fire them. In fact sometimes it's a problem if they become too famous like Tom Ford as head of Gucci, he was very media savvy and made it very clear that he was designing products which caused a problem for the Gucci group as he made himself indispensable once he brought the company back from Bankruptcy. He's even created his own brand under his own name now. > Why can't any clothing label call themselves \"designer\" and list their products for thousands of dollars? They can and do! Red Bull the energy drink company just created one called 'Alpha Tauri', you got 700 euros to blow on a raincoat? In 2005 cigarette company Dunhill spun off a Luxury Fashion products brand."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why can't phone service providers offer spam filtering in the same fashion that email service providers do?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't phone service providers offer spam filtering in the same fashion that email service providers do?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because the phone companies wouldn't make money. They buy and sell on a per minute basis of a connected call. Filter out a spam call? That's a few minutes of profit not earned. Email providers don't charge per email, just a flat rate (or ad-supported fee), so they don't care if they deliver a spam message or not."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How come low unemployment rates don't directly translate into higher wages?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come low unemployment rates don't directly translate into higher wages?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because wages are also a signaling mechanism. If you operate a business, you've got employees at all levels and you pay those employees enough to keep them happy enough that they don't leave. That means what you pay them is strongly related to their expectations. People expect to be paid around the industry standard for their profession. They expect to be paid in accordance to their years of service\/experience. They expect to be paid based on their level in the company. They also expect to be paid more than they were in the past. If you violate these expectations, you'll end up with workers leaving - even if their pay is competitive in the market. So let's say you've got a line of widget wranglers. You pay all of them $10\/hour. Unemployment drops and you simply can't find new widget wranglers to replace the ones who retire or drop out of the workforce at $10\/hour. So you offer $12\/hour to new hires. How do you think that makes your existing employees feel once they find out? Probably pretty angry. So before you can offer $12\/hour to new widget wranglers, you've got to give all your *old* widget wranglers $12\/hour. Which means giving a raise to all their supervisor so they're not being paid less than their subordinates - which means giving a raise to all *their* supervisors, etc. Now you've give a company-wide raise to everyone just so you can hire a few widget-wranglers. Suddenly a recession occurs. Now you've got a massive payroll you can't afford. But you can't simply cut wages - your employees would feel insulted and leave. So you're losing money hand over foot simply because you needed a very junior level of employee. The alternative? You could have simply not hired that extra widget wrangler at $12\/hour and waited it out until you found someone willing to accept $10\/hour. The latter strategy is almost always the more sensible one."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If I'm standing still and holding a cup, and I spin around holding the cup, the liquid doesn't spin around with the cup. Why?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If I'm standing still and holding a cup, and I spin around holding the cup, the liquid doesn't spin around with the cup. Why?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well, another way to look at this is: Why *would* the liquid spin? I mean, it's not attached to the cup - just sitting on top of it. What actually happens is that when you spin the cup, the glass touching the water gently tugs the water along with it. This means that the \"outer shell\" of the water *does* spin. The rest of the water, however, takes a while to get with the program, as the force tugging on it is mitigated by the \"shell\" acting as a lubricant and allowing the water and glass to slide past each other. Eventually, the water *will* catch up with the glass, and if the glass then stops spinning the water will continue spinning for a while for similar reasons."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do a lot of individuals displaying psychosis have similar delusions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do a lot of individuals displaying psychosis have similar delusions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Have you looked into the way [schizophrenia is experienced differently in different cultures ]( URL_0 ) ? Some of the mechanisms are the same, but the experiences are very different."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does printer ink not bleed through to the other side of the paper?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does printer ink not bleed through to the other side of the paper?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It would if you used too much of it. But modern inkjet printers use microdrops of only a few picoliters per dot. There's just not enough ink to bleed through."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is water so enjoyable even though it has no taste? [Other]","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is water so enjoyable even though it has no taste? [Other]","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"All water has a taste. Some waters taste good, and others like Dasani and Aquafina taste like plastic. Tap waters taste very different from city to city, and filtered water tastes different from reverse-osmosis water"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do I, along with a lot of people I know, find it far more natural and convenient studying from printed papers rather than from a computer screen?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do I, along with a lot of people I know, find it far more natural and convenient studying from printed papers rather than from a computer screen?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Resolution and screen orientation. Paper has a smoother image as the dots from the paper are finer and can bleed together. And your typical desktop monitor is landscape while written documents are formatted in portrait. Meaning you have to scroll up and down a lot. I once had a monitor on a rotating base, so I could switch the monitor to portrait. That reduced, but didn't eliminate my need to print. Now, I've found a Surface Pro or iPad Pro has high enough resolution and can be oriented in portrait, greatly reducing my need to print documents. And being able to do markups on the screen with a stylus is great."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are hybrid animals like ligers sterile?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are hybrid animals like ligers sterile?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The generation of gamete cells (spem and eggs) is messed up by the odd distribution of chromosomes. These gamete cells therefore end up with the wrong mix of genes to create an embry that will survive the mother's biological error-checking."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why does taking the derivative of a function give you the slope?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does taking the derivative of a function give you the slope?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The most useful thing I was ever taught by a math teacher was that if you don\u2019t know if\/how something works, try it with simpler numbers. Take the equation y = 6x. Obviously your slope is 6, but how did we get there? You\u2019ll notice that in every main function equation the slope (often referred to as \u201cm\u201d is attached to your x value) take for instance slope-intercept form: y = mx + b and point-slope form: y - y1 = m(x - x1). The expression is always x time slope, so how do you isolate slope? you take out an x from the value by division (dividing by an x will lower your exponent by 1) the part about multiplying by the original exponent is a bit more complicated though."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How does your respiratory system not get tired of operating?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does your respiratory system not get tired of operating?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's all to do with the type of muscles involved. Your leg muscles aren't being used 24 hours a day 7 days a week but your respiratory muscles are. They both have different functions, one will only be used sometimes and the other will have to be used for the rest of your life. They are built a little differently. Muscles have different types of fibres inside which can be one of two things: a fast twitch which has full power for a short amount of time or a slow twitch which is more relaxed but lasts much longer. The muscles for breathing have a lot of slow twitch fibres and also have a lot of blood vessels to help bring nutrients to the cells and to take away a lot of toxic by-products. When it contracts it contracts with just enough force to breathe but also without causing any extra effort or causing you to become tired. But the moment you force yourself to breathe deeper and stronger or if you're exercising is when the full force of the muscles are being used and the fast twitching fibres take over and tend to get tired if they do too much. These muscles also have a lot of \"energy\" stored within them so that it will always have fuel to burn and a way to keep contracting. A lot of energy is sent towards the parts of the body that need it the most such as the heart, brain and diaphragm because that's the absolute most important part, the rest of the organs are meh and don't need dedicated fuel reserves or priority. Think of it like this; what's more important, having enough oxygen to live or having enough energy to move your arms and legs? The body will prioritise oxygen and being alive over moving around so naturally we've evolved to make sure those muscles have top priority and will almost never tire out or mess up."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do flies land on the ceiling?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do flies land on the ceiling?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I had no clue. Looked it up. They fly normally, lift their front legs over their head and grab the ceiling, then flip the rest of the body up. Then they have sticky glue secreted on their feet to stick. Study showed the walk using three legs so they don't have to work so hard to dislodge all of their feet when walking. The More You Know. \ud83c\udf08"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do batteries seem to \"recharge\" ever so slightly when not in use?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do batteries seem to \"recharge\" ever so slightly when not in use?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A battery is in simple terms, some metal that is involved in a chemical reaction which frees up electrons. This process causes the metal to corrode, serving as the chemical energy source of the battery. The specific vary by battery chemistry and layout, but the corrosion can flake off to reveal fresh metal or some other reaction can occur that clears up the electrolyte enough to work a little more. In short, batteries are chemicals reactions that cause physical change, so various things can happen. Be careful playing with them. [Electrochemistry: Crash Course Chemistry #36]( URL_0 ) 9 minutes"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it wrong to call someone 'black' or 'white' when it is perfectly fine to call someone 'tall' or 'short'(they're both physical attributes)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it wrong to call someone 'black' or 'white' when it is perfectly fine to call someone 'tall' or 'short'(they're both physical attributes)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"it's not wrong to recognize someone's race. People get uncomfortable when it's brought up when it doesn't need to be, because a lot of people bring up race to play into stereotypes"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Blue light is suddenly an issue, hurting our sleep, but generations before us watched TV before bedtime, bathed in so much blue light. What's the difference?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Blue light is suddenly an issue, hurting our sleep, but generations before us watched TV before bedtime, bathed in so much blue light. What's the difference?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The issue is we have much brighter technology and have actually studied the effects. Previous generations also had black and white televisions or much smaller screens to look at, plus no cell phones so the amount of blue light they viewed was greatly reduced."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does hunger come and go in \"waves\", even if you don't eat anything?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does hunger come and go in \"waves\", even if you don't eat anything?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The hunger sensation you feel is not a result of your stomach being empty, nor a requirement for food. The sensation is caused by the hormone ghrelin. It is produced to stimulate appetite to encourage you to eat. Sights and smells can stimulate ghrelin production, but also learned behaviour in regard to food timing. This is why you will feel hungry at breakfast time, then the sensation goes (regardless whether you've eaten or not) only to come back again at lunch time."} {"category":"Economics","question":"When companies are bought\/sold how are billions of dollars transferred and how complex are the transactions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When companies are bought\/sold how are billions of dollars transferred and how complex are the transactions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Cash is typically transferred via wire transfers, although the sale can include equity in the purchasing company, stock warrants, or a number of other options as well. From the legal side, those deals are very, very complex. There\u2019s a reason you need lots of lawyers on both sides to execute these deals. If you want to learn more, check out the book Anatomy of a Merger. Edit: never mind\u2014see if your local library may have the book. It\u2019s expensive af."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How often has obesity genetical factors, and how easy it it to battle it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How often has obesity genetical factors, and how easy it it to battle it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Genetics determine where you store fat and have some say in how prone you are to compulsive eating, but ultimately the base metabolic rates are about the same for each person. If you eat less than you burn, you'll lose weight. Genetics cannot defy basic thermodynamics. Consider that the obesity rates have skyrocketed in the last few decades. If it was genetic that would imply that a \"fat gene\" appeared and spread through the entire population in just a single generation, which isn't possible."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What goes on in the brain when someone has mood swings?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What goes on in the brain when someone has mood swings?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you can imagine how your mood would suddenly change if I injected you with adrenaline and tons of caffeine, that's also sorta what's happening with any mood swing. In a way, mood swings are not a bad thing on their own: if a bear suddenly appeared and charged at you, a mood swing to fear and fight\/flight response is pretty good.we only refer to it as a mood swing when it's socially undesirable for someone to react that way. So what causes some brains to respond \"undesirably\" with a rush of certain neurotransmitters or patterns of brain activation? For teens, it's probably just because 1) their brains are still developing; the regions that are supposed to control their behavior are not mature yet and 2) they're still learning what's socially appropriate. For adults, some brains are just less sensitive than others. I don't mean emotionally sensitive. I mean in the sense of like game controller sensitivity, or mouse cursor sensitivity. Humans come with natural variation, so some brains are \"tuned\" to react strongly and very easily to situations that other brains don't. This tuning is some combination of genetic and learned. The genetic part is, for example, that some people naturally have more of certain types of neurotransmitter receptors than others. ... So yeah. Put all that together, you get mood swings in general, and the reason why some people are more prone to them than others."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does boiling water soften potatoes, but hardens eggs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does boiling water soften potatoes, but hardens eggs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The composition of potatoes and eggs are different thus resulting in the different changes when they are subjected to high temperatures [via the boiling]. Potatoes contain starches in a compact form known as granules and when they are heated they swell and absorb water. This makes the straches more soft and allows us to digest them easier. Eggs are known as a good source of protein because they consist mostly of protein in liquid form. When these proteins are heated they undergo a process called denaturation which is the breakdown of the original structures of the proteins. The new forms of the proteins then form a solid structure."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do firms like Bain Capital profit from Toys \u2018R\u2019 Us and other companies they buy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do firms like Bain Capital profit from Toys \u2018R\u2019 Us and other companies they buy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"u\/bucksalty is correct in his answer, but I'll add something. If you want to take a look at a private equity buyout that is 1) similar to Toys R Us, 2) more typical (and successful) and 3) also participated in by Bain - take a look at [Dollar General]( URL_0 ), who reported earnings this morning. In 2007, Bain, KKG & Goldman Sachs bought Dollar General which was struggling and failing, took it private, and completely fixed it. They took it public again in 2009. Since then, Dollar General has added ~7000 stores (and it will add 1,000\/year for a while going forward), and has added 84,000 good-paying jobs (plus another 12,000\/per year going forward) to ultra-rural communities where there are no other jobs. This is obviously a positive thing. Bain\/KKG\/Goldman, plus a host of other (myself included) have all profited from this turnaround. And before I get the \"you're just a shill\" bullshit - I'm not defending Bain at all. I just want people to understand that 1) ch7 bankruptcies are pretty rare (if they were common, private equity wouldn't exist), and 2) private equity has fixed **a lot** of companies that you've never heard about. Just be sure to consider all sides of the picture. edit - typo"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Does a magnet's force ever run out?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Does a magnet's force ever run out?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sort of. Heat causes molecules to become more disordered, and that order is necessary for a permanent magnet to do its thing. If you raise a magnet above that material's \"Curie Temperature\" it will lose its magnetism rapidly. At room temperature the effect is much, much slower. Not zero, but very slow."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does hot water feel cold for a split second before feeling hot again?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does hot water feel cold for a split second before feeling hot again?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"'Hot 'and 'cold' are skin sensations. The other skin sensations are 'touch', 'pain', and 'itch'. Each of these can be broken into more areas -- e.g. light touch, deep pressure, etc -- but those are the basics. When you touch an extremely hot or cold object, this also triggers your pain receptors. Your skin and brain respond more quickly to pain, so the first thing you know is, \"Argh! That hurts!\" From there, the brain has to guess what has caused the pain, so it can take appropriate action quickly. This depends on what you have been primed to believe by experience. If you touched a pan, the answer is probably \"it's too hot\", but if you touch water then \"it's too cold\" is more likely. Your brain fills in the gap until the \"hot\" \/ \"cold\" signal arrives. This is one of many ways in which *expectation shapes sensation*. If a freezing cold knife was pressed against you, you might feel momentarily cut; a small electrical shock from a pointy object might feel like you'd been pricked; and, more abstractly, riding in a car is more likely to induce travel sickness than driving the same car. Some portion of these expectations are also subconscious and shaped by evolution: the historic human is much more likely to experience cold water than boiling; more likely to be stabbed than electrocuted; and more likely to be experiencing disorientation due to food poisoning than due to travelling in a vehicle."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are humans the only animals who laugh? Or do other animals laugh in different ways that I\u2019m not aware of? Do other animals find things funny?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are humans the only animals who laugh? Or do other animals laugh in different ways that I\u2019m not aware of? Do other animals find things funny?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lots of animals that have more complex brains, like dolphins, rats, and gorillas, have been known to laugh. If the animal is sophisticated enough to have emotions, they can laugh, or their species\u2019 equivalent thereof. It\u2019s often a limitation in their vocal chords or mouth anatomy that prevents it from sounding like a laugh to us. Their laughter isn\u2019t exactly motivated by wether or not something is \u201cfunny\u201d by human standards, they\u2019re not going to watch some sort of monkey parody and crack up, but they will laugh in response to joy, or in the case of rats, being tickled."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do \"airline miles\" (from credit card points) Not correlate into anything that resembles a mile?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do \"airline miles\" (from credit card points) Not correlate into anything that resembles a mile?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The \"miles\" originally correlated to distance travelled - you might earn 1000 \"miles\" by flying 1000 miles with that airline. This could then be cashed in for discounts on a future flight at a significantly reduced rate, like any customer loyalty program. Today, \"miles\" is just the name used for the points earned, as there are many more ways of earning points and there is often no longer a direct correlation to distance traveled."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is mint the optimal flavor toothpaste and mouthwash?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is mint the optimal flavor toothpaste and mouthwash?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We strongly associate the sensation of mint with coolness & freshness. Naturally, toothpaste\/mouthwash companies want you to feel fresh when you use their product, as that will make you trust it more - so they flavour it with mint. Mint contains a compound that is sort of the opposite of capsaicin (found in chillies) - it tricks your body into thinking it is experiencing cold."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How can data (files and photos) be recovered from a damaged or deleted hard drive?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can data (files and photos) be recovered from a damaged or deleted hard drive?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most often, \"deleted\" data isn't actually gone. The computer simply removes its reference to it -- like scratching out a chapter in the Table of Contents without actually tearing those pages from the book. Similarly, when new data is written over old data, it may not be enough new data to completely fill the space of the old data. Back to the book & chapter analogy; imagine now writing one page of text into that \"deleted\" chapter. Because the other 15 pages are still there, you can continue to make decent sense of that chapter."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"What is Compartmentalization in psychology?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is Compartmentalization in psychology?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Pretend your brain is a library- You dont want all of the work problem books mixed in with the childhood memory books! So, you make sure to organize your library and keep all the books where they belong- that way they dont cause a mess or problem and you can keep enjoying your library. Basically you keep your emotions and feelings in certain areas, that are usually less \"well traveled \" so that they dont interfere with your daily life stuff."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why aren't police departments footing the bill instead of the tax payers when it comes to court settlements?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why aren't police departments footing the bill instead of the tax payers when it comes to court settlements?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most police departments are taxpayer funded. Where do you think the money is going to come from?"} {"category":"Other","question":"why do they need silence in tennis?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do they need silence in tennis?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"In tennis, you will notice the sound of the racket hitting the ball. That sound is a tiny clue as to the speed and spin of the ball, which is significant to the players. Distractions from that sound can alter the outcomes-supposedly. And the crowd needs those sounds to fully appreciate the nuances of the game as well. There is some controversy over the grunting that some players make when serving especially. The grunting is a distraction and also disguises the sound that the receiver might hear to help guide them."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If the cold virus is so common throughout the world, and has been for a long time. Why have we not become immune to it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the cold virus is so common throughout the world, and has been for a long time. Why have we not become immune to it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is no singular common cold. It's actually manifest symptoms for a wide variety of similar but distinct viruses. Your immune system will usually come away from a cold able to fend off the version you had, but there are so many floating about and in constant flux, that the chances of you only ever encountering that one flavour of virus again are practically zero. So unfortunately it's just a numbers game. There's a whole heap of cold viruses out there to catch. Like sniffly Pokemon."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is Christianity, Judaism and Islam called the Abrahamic Religion?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Christianity, Judaism and Islam called the Abrahamic Religion?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because they're all techically the same religion, just at different points in the narrative. They all trace their roots back to Abraham. Judaism stops at the end of the Old Testament. Christianity stops after the New Testament. Islam adds onto the above with the Quran. I know there is WAY more nuance than that, but that;s the ELI5 summary"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does an air conditioner cool the air?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does an air conditioner cool the air?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you compress a gas, it gets hot, when you expand a gas it gets cold. Your air conditioner compresses a gas so it's hotter than the outside air, then cools it down to the outside temperature, then brings it back inside and expands it, so it's cold enough to absorb heat from the inside air."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are we being instructed to use Airplane Mode during flights?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are we being instructed to use Airplane Mode during flights?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They usually don\u2019t. Back in the old days where there was no regulation for radio frequencies, you could have a radio transmitter that would interfere with the airplane\u2019s own radio equipment. Nowadays there are set bandwidths for each type of device, so commercial phones\/devices will not interfere with airplane-grade transmitters."} {"category":"Technology","question":"why do modern vr headsets need powerful pcs to run videogames?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do modern vr headsets need powerful pcs to run videogames?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Modern vr headsets have 2 different screens in them(one for each eye) so thats already double the processing requirements in terms of graphics alone. Also, steady and higher framerates are needed to not only help visuals but prevent motion sickness further increasing the already doubled graphical requirements. There is also extra processing required for motion and positional tracking for headsets and controllers. There are also a few other additional processing additions, but those are probably the most significant"} {"category":"Biology","question":"- What is the scientific explanation for feeling your heart drop?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - What is the scientific explanation for feeling your heart drop?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s a palpitation. When something abruptly interrupts the rhythm of your heart, you can experience a variety of odd feelings. The heart drop feeling is basically a fear-induced palpitation."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How did our measurements of temperature(Celcius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin) come about?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did our measurements of temperature(Celcius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin) come about?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fahrenheit's just weird, so we'll get to him later. Celcius makes sense. People saw that shit could get hotter or colder, and that this was seemingly limitless, so they just picked a point to call zero. For convenience, they chose the temperature that water freezes to be zero and the temperature that water boils at to be 100. That's easy enough, eh? Only later, we found out that there actually *is* a 'coldest temperature' - this temperature turns out to be -273C. *Absolute zero*. It turns out that this temperature is actually pretty important for some physics\/chemistry, and so a new scale was invented. Kelvin. They used the same degrees as celcius for convenience, but shifted everything over so that 0 kelvin is absolute zero, so you will never see something at negative degrees kelvin. Fahrenheit is like celcius, but the temperatures chosen were a lot more random. A kelvin-analogue for fahrenheit was made, but because fahrenheit sucks for scientific stuff anyways it was never used much. I forget its name. ------------ Gonna add more in an edit in a bit When measuring things at room temperature, kelvin is overkill, since all of your temperatures will be in the hundreds. As such, celcius and fahrenheit are still regularly used for normal activities. As for other measuring systems, that's its own question."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it that right before we fall asleep our thoughts stop making sense?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that right before we fall asleep our thoughts stop making sense?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The widely accepted theory is that the brain is going through its thoughts that it had throughout your period of consciousness, causing fragmented memories\/thoughts about things that, like you said, are very disjointed and make little to no sense."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is clean water tasteless?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is clean water tasteless?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Water is the default solvent for terrestrial life. You have in all the time on your mouth and on the taste receptor cells. So that is the default state and you filter it out as no taste. Even your own saliva when it is in your own mouth do not taste anything even if it contains other stuff then water for the same reason."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If hydrogen was the birth element of all other elements, then what birthed hydrogen into existences?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If hydrogen was the birth element of all other elements, then what birthed hydrogen into existences?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sub atomic particles formed into protons and electrons. Those protons and neutrons became attracted to one another and created hydrogen. The entire history of the world has an extremely simple view of how it worked, but it still is accurate for the scale it is on."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How cold does it get in a man-made vacuum chamber?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How cold does it get in a man-made vacuum chamber?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That depends on the temperature needed. Vacuum isn't cold, in and of itself. The small amount of gas in a vacuum chamber can have whatever temperature you want and radiation can be used to warm up any other objects inside."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical in the universe, but we don't actually see it. How can people actually \"gather\" and store it and use as fuel?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical in the universe, but we don't actually see it. How can people actually \"gather\" and store it and use as fuel?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Having the ability to see something is not a requirement for being able to store it or use it. I mean, we can't see helium but we can collect and store it. We can't see air but we can store it and separate it into its constituent gases. Most of the hydrogen we collect is as a byproduct of oil and natural gas extraction, but there are many other methods, like electrolysis of water for example. It's all just chemistry."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How far can electricity travel down a power line?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How far can electricity travel down a power line?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A far as you like. Some will be lost to the resistance of the line (it becomes heat). That heat is sometimes called I squared R losses, because it's proportional to the resistance (R) multiplied by the the square of the current (I). So you can reduce the amount of loss by reducing the resistance (not really practical) or lowering the current. But how do you send the same amount of power at lower current? Up the voltage! That's why long-distance transmission lines use such high voltages. Which is one of the reasons we use AC power; it's much easier and cheaper to change voltages with AC power than with DC power, so you can transmit it long distances cheaply and with little loss, then make it safe for consumers to use."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do animals recognize other animals of the same species for mating when some species look very similar?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do animals recognize other animals of the same species for mating when some species look very similar?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Two things: How do you recognise your family\/friends? They don't look the same to each other. There is also if two species do interbreed in MOST cases it cannot produce offspring, if it can they are most likely sterile."} {"category":"Other","question":"What does the vice president do?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does the vice president do?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The Vice President has a lot of official and customary duties. Officially, he (it's always been a he) serves as the second in line should the president be incapacitated for any reason. That requires him to attend many of the same national security briefings and be up to date on much of the US's diplomatic and military endeavors since he may be required to act as president at any time. The VP is also president of the senate, and is occasionally involved in procedural matters and allowed to cast a vote in the event the senate vote is tied. He also verifies the electoral vote count. Unofficially, the VP is a high ranking US diplomat, important adviser to the president, and often involved in treaty negotiations and diplomatic visits. These aren't specifically outlined in the Constitution or Senate rules, but has become the primary role of the VP since the mid 20th century"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why do popcorn companies put the nutrition information for both popped and unpopped bags?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do popcorn companies put the nutrition information for both popped and unpopped bags?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Two factors here, size and absorption. In the US, the FDA ensures that you are accounting for all the food in your package. This matters because when you pop in the bag, you are changing the product in manner that is going to make the *useful* food you get out of it different than what they have to account for. Say what???? So in an unpopped bag, they have X amount of popcorn, and Y amount of fat. Then unpopped info is going to add up all the stuff and tell you what's in it. But when you pop it, you're changing the structure of the popcorn and removing it from the bag. When you do that, you're going to leave a lot of stuff behind. The oil\/fat the popcorn pops in gets absorbed into the bag, in a measurable way. They then provide you with the average nutrition information of the popped popcorn *after accounting for the stuff that gets left behind*."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is the Austrian School of Economics?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the Austrian School of Economics?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The fundamental principle of Austrian economics is that we can use logic and reason to understand economics without resorting to statistics to confirm our theorems. This is called an 'a priori' science, although the founder of the school, Menger, would call it an 'exact' science. It's worth noting that science in the Austrian sense of the word is more philosophical than our modern day conception, but that's a whole can of worms in and of itself. Beyond the view that we can deduce laws of economics a priori, Austrian economics is radically subjectivist in its normative claims. Another commenter said it is 'good' if a business fails in hard times. An Austrian would be more nuanced than this: you must always ask 'good for who?'. You might say it is good for the economy as a whole, but this misses the economic point that the economy is becoming more efficient when a business goes under. For the business owner, you might say it is obviously bad that he went out of business, but good that he can divert efforts elsewhere now and perhaps make a profit. In short, any value presuppose a valuer, and thus we cannot objectively evaluate good and bad qua economics. In philosophy and ethics, there is no consensus among the Austrians. Readers of Mises are subjectivist in their ethics and economics, while more Randian types are objectivist in their ethics and subjectivist in their economics. I hope this is helpful. Feel free to follow up with any confusion. If you would like to read more consider von Mises, Menger, and their intellectual forefathers, Bastiat, Ricardo, Smith. Good luck!"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do batteries run out of power, but magnets seem to stay magnetic indefinitely?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do batteries run out of power, but magnets seem to stay magnetic indefinitely?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Batteries generate power, and in doing so, the chemical energy stored in them is consumed. Magnets are not a source of power. Just like a rock, If you lift it up and let go it falls. You can do this over and over again, however, and the rock's \"go down-ness\" is never used up."} {"category":"Physics","question":"how tellurium 128 has a half life older than the universe itself. Weren't lighter elements created first?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how tellurium 128 has a half life older than the universe itself. Weren't lighter elements created first?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"(category: Physics) yes, lighter elements were created first, but that doesn't have **anything** to do with half-lives. heavy elements like tellurium are created when a star dies in a so-called supernova. half life is a statistical term, an atom can decay at any moment, the half life just says how likely it is. what the incredibly long half-life of tellurium 128 tells you is that it's \"basically not radioactive and instead a pretty stable element\", meaning you still find almost all of the tellurium 128 ever created."} {"category":"Other","question":"how is it that so many children, independently come to the thought that they may not step on pavement lines?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how is it that so many children, independently come to the thought that they may not step on pavement lines?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When I was little, there was this old superstitious rhyme that said \u201cstep on a crack, break your mother\u2019s back.\u201d I\u2019m not sure if kids today also grew up with this though..."} {"category":"Economics","question":"how are VISA and MasterCard not the most valuable\/largest companies in the world since so many credit card transactions are subject to their fees?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how are VISA and MasterCard not the most valuable\/largest companies in the world since so many credit card transactions are subject to their fees?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"the fees they collect are licensing fees. they don't process credit cards, they don't issue credit cards, they don't loan people money. all those fees are collected and managed by others. Visa and MC are in the business of marketing their brand. (to some degree they support their brands by developing security systems for their cards too.) otherwise the only time they get a fee is when you see their actual logo (on a card or on a sticker on the storefront or on the capture machine.)"} {"category":"Other","question":"What stops someone who wants to get into the US illegally (from Mexico for example) from simply saying they are going on vacation to the US but never leaving?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What stops someone who wants to get into the US illegally (from Mexico for example) from simply saying they are going on vacation to the US but never leaving?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Nothing. Overstaying the visa is a very common way (the most common way?) of staying in a country. That's why the wall makes no sense, people don't walk across a vast, dangerous desert if they can just land at LAX and grab a taxi."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What financial regulation has been applied the the World\u2019s largest banks since the economic crash of 2008 to stop it happening again for the same reasons?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What financial regulation has been applied the the World\u2019s largest banks since the economic crash of 2008 to stop it happening again for the same reasons?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The main change to financial regulation post-2008 is the Dodd-Frank Act from 2010. It created (or restored) restrictions on trading the kinds of securities that caused the 2008 crash. Of course, bankers don't like crashes either, so they rarely happen again for the *exact* same reasons. That's why Dodd-Frank also created a bunch of new agencies and mechanisms to try to find the *next* source of financial instability and quash it. 9 years (even 9 years without a crash) is not long enough to evaluate whether it does this effectively. It also has provisions for how the government is supposed to behave in the event of a crash - the fact that regulators bailed out some banks but not others seemingly at random contributed a lot to the panic that fueled the 2008 crash."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why does heat make you tired?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does heat make you tired?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because your body increases blood flow under the skin surface. Your heart rate is actually higher when it's hot. Dehydration can make you feel tired as well. Overheating will limit the amount of physical work you can do (your body communicates it as fatigue to stop you from overdoing it)."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What actually gives notes (money) any value?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What actually gives notes (money) any value?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The value of the valueless paper is created because it is backed by a government or a people, it represents that much value. It used to be that one dollar represented a certain amount of gold but because America is not off the gold standard it is backed only by the belief that the money has value. This concept is shown well in fallout, where the people use bottle caps as money. They have to inherent value but the people have agreed that it is worth more than the simple material"} {"category":"Physics","question":"When they were first trying to break the sound barrier in planes and achieve a sonic boom, how did they know something would actually happen considering they\u2019d never done it before?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When they were first trying to break the sound barrier in planes and achieve a sonic boom, how did they know something would actually happen considering they\u2019d never done it before?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There were reports of planes being damaged in combat at high altitude and going into a steep dive before the pilot could parachute out and some weird things happening to the plane."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why cant gas cars use diesel and vice versa?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why cant gas cars use diesel and vice versa?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Gas cars can\u2019t use diesel because it doesn\u2019t burn as easily and the engine won\u2019t run well, furthermore it\u2019ll ruin your catalytic converter While Diesel engines could in theory run on anything that burns, they are designed to take diesel fuel which is much more lubricating than gasoline, so the pump will break along with other stuff They both might run on the wrong fuel for a while, but not well and not for too long"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does popcorn work? What makes it explode when the same doesn\u2019t happen to normal corn?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does popcorn work? What makes it explode when the same doesn\u2019t happen to normal corn?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Corn has a lot of sugar in it and a lot of water. At the same time the shell allows a lot of pressure to build up when the water boils inside the corn. Once the shell bursts, the sugars, starches and fibers are exploded outside by the expanding water vapor and then quickly solidify as a foamy solid. Normal corns does not have shells that hold the water back from evaporating, no pressure is build, once the water is gone the starch starts to burn."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How can gentrification be bad for a community?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can gentrification be bad for a community?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So while the house may go up in value the property taxes could also increase. The cost of living goes up. Things become more expensive. The culture changes. And grandfather clauses aren\u2019t always in place. Not to mention that wealthy people can vote for policies and representatives that will repeal protective policy that helps the former residents. It\u2019s not very beneficial to all people living in an area that gets gentrification. Just the current property owners looking to sell and get out anyway."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do hot things make everything above them look wavy and distorted?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do hot things make everything above them look wavy and distorted?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Light through space is unaffected by *air*, so things like the sun won't cause THIS specific effect. However, light travelling through our atmosphere - i.e. the *air* in your kitchen - will be affected by this heat, especially over, say, the area of a pot or a fire pit. This change in air speed will also affect the bouncing of light around the room in that specific area. And, because the heat is constantly being carried away from the specific bit of air it came from, it gives the person viewing that area a wavey look as the air itself moves, and the light bounces off of it in different ways"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does hearing your own voice sound different to when somebody else hears it, or when you listen to it on video?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does hearing your own voice sound different to when somebody else hears it, or when you listen to it on video?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you are speaking, your voice gets transmitted to your inner ear very efficiently by direct bone conduction through your skull, which gives a richer sound than is heard by anyone else (or by yourself in the form of a recording) when the sound has to pass through the air, instead of the bone."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How can films be re-released later in a higher resolution?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can films be re-released later in a higher resolution?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because they were recorded on film and film doesn't really have a resolution. Film is analog. You can always go back to the original film to get a high resolution version."} {"category":"Other","question":"Is it more fuel efficient to quickly accelerate to a certain speed and keep it or to slowly accelerate to that speed and keep it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is it more fuel efficient to quickly accelerate to a certain speed and keep it or to slowly accelerate to that speed and keep it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Physics tells you it doesn't matter, if you want to take 2 tons and get it from 0 to 67 mph (30 m\/s) then you need to add 1.8 MJ of energy. Whether you apply that energy over 6 seconds at 300 kW or 60 seconds at 30 kW, the total energy is the same Engineering then pops in to let you know that you're not working with infinite ideal heatsinks and frictionless bearings and that slower is better, but only to an extent Your engine is most efficient at peak torque, that is when you get the most force from a given volume of air\/gas. That point is generally around 3000 RPM while peak power (fastest acceleration) is generally around 5000-6000 RPM. It is most fuel efficient to accelerate at peak torque the whole time then drop down into cruising speed, how fast that has you accelerating depends on your car and the engine. Accelerating much slower than that ends up making things worse because your engine consumes a certain amount of fuel just to keep spinning regardless of load so at extremely low load this baseline fuel consumption can dominate the fuel consumed to give you the power and give really crappy numbers. This baseline fuel consumption is another reason why traveling around at city speeds is less fuel efficient than cruising on the highway even if you aren't stopping, while your car does need less power, its not consuming proportionately less fuel because of this offset required to keep it spinning"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How can computers solve algebra without dedicated hardware for it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can computers solve algebra without dedicated hardware for it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One of the fundamental concepts of computer science is that, with some caveats, any general-purpose computer hardware can be programmed to do anything any other computer hardware could. Practically speaking, there are cases such as graphics cards or sound cards that are designed to do perform large amounts of specific calculations more efficiently than a general-purpose processor, and then there's quantum computing which seems to be able to do certain tasks astronomically faster than traditional computers, but in all of those cases there's still nothing stopping any old processor from doing those tasks, it'll just take longer. In the case of, say, breaking cryptography, that might end up being billions of years longer, but things like that seem to be the exception rather than the rule. The bottom line is that there are very few situations in which you *need* dedicated hardware to do something."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is a musical key? And therefore what is a key change?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a musical key? And therefore what is a key change?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A key is basically a collection of notes that sound good together. When you write a song in a specific key, you only use the notes from that collection. If you change keys, you change the notes used to write that portion of a song. An oversimplified example would be writing the first half of the song only using A, B, and C then switching to only writing with A#, B, and C#."} {"category":"Economics","question":"During Hyperinflation, How is the Public Made Aware of Lost Purchasing Power so Quickly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n During Hyperinflation, How is the Public Made Aware of Lost Purchasing Power so Quickly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You buy something on Monday and when you go to buy it again on Wednesday it\u2019s dramatically increased in price. Generally there\u2019s no snail mail, email or vmail notification\u2026"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why do some people find mathematics hard no matter how hard they study? for example Geometry. Is there a reason behind why students struggle a lot in this subject compare to other classes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some people find mathematics hard no matter how hard they study? for example Geometry. Is there a reason behind why students struggle a lot in this subject compare to other classes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One of the biggest challenges in math is it is very incremental. You can probably pass a test on World War II without knowing anything about World War I, but in math, if you don't have a solid foundation, everything built on it crumbles. And by solid, I don't mean remembered just enough to pass a final. I mean true understanding. If you don't have a deep understanding of arithmetic, algebra is going to be very hard. Solving for x gets really hard if you can't remember that subtracting a negative is the same as adding. Similarly, you need to know algebra cold if before you can take a shot at calculus. I once had a math tech tell me that calculus was easy, it is the algebra behind calculus that was hard. And algebra is easy, it is the arithmetic behind algebra that is hard. If you are struggling with all three at once, you are going to have a bad time."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does your hand\/body part go numb when you lay on it for too long?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does your hand\/body part go numb when you lay on it for too long?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The blood carries nutrients all the cells in that limb, which includes nerve cells. When you cut off circulation for a bit of time, the nerve cells begin to shut down and eventually die. During this shutdown phase, they are unable to send and receive signals, which is why you lose your sense of touch, temperature, and the area goes numb. When you reintroduce blood to the area, the nerves can then send the \u201csomething\u2019s wrong\u201d signal, which is the pins and needles sensation you get."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How\/why is Elon Musks Australian battery farm such a gamechanger in the energy business, especially in regards to fossil fuels?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How\/why is Elon Musks Australian battery farm such a gamechanger in the energy business, especially in regards to fossil fuels?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because energy generation like wind, tidal, and solar aren't consistent. It's easy to shovel coal into a furnace around the clock, but the sun is only out during the day. With large battery stores, power can be generated when the conditions are favorable (regardless of draw) and stored for when conditions aren't favorable. It makes solar, wind, and tidal much more viable for large-scale power."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Where does transferred money go while its processing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does transferred money go while its processing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It goes nowhere. Digital money doesn't exist. Transferring money is nothing more than subtracting a number on one database and adding a number on another one. However, because a lot can go wrong if you get those numbers mixed up, they have all sorts of additional checks to do before adding the number to another database to make absolutely certain that the addition isn't a mistake. Those checks take time. Physical cash may be transferred between banks at a later date, but until then, the banks essentially hold accounts with each other. When someone at Bank A sends you at Bank B \u00a3300, Bank A's account with Bank B becomes \u00a3300 in debt, which is added to all of the debt Bank A and Bank B have with each other."} {"category":"Physics","question":"The color white reflects all colors. Then what does a mirror do?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n The color white reflects all colors. Then what does a mirror do?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A white surface is a diffuse reflector. The light that falls on it is reflected in several directions, so it reflects the average light that falls on it in every direction. A mirror reflects the light that falls on it is a non-diffuse way, maintaining the relative position and angle of the light rays."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is sadness and anger linger with us a lot longer than happiness?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is sadness and anger linger with us a lot longer than happiness?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Anger and sadness are emotions caused by a problem and until that problem is solved it's hard to get rid of the emotion. But solving a problem is always worse than not having it to begin with, so even by solving it we are still affected by it. In some cases it is even impossible to solve the problem so we are stuck with the feeling. Furthermore we want to prevent that problem from occurring again, so we stay occupied think about it, reinforcing the emotion. And it might be out of our ability to prevent it, so we keep thinking about it until we finally give up and resign. If we compare it to fear - which imo is a stronger emotion than anger or sadness - we can see that fear almost always has a defined end point. And it is much more in our control to prevent\/end it. But at the same time fear that is out of our control is alot more devastating than other emotions. Positive emotions are rarely a problem, so we have no reason to keep thinking about them. TL;DR Problems always outweigh positives things, because they require us to take action. That's why emotions caused by problems are always stronger\/more longevity than positives ones."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Does the Sun appear white when you are out of the Earth's atmosphere?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Does the Sun appear white when you are out of the Earth's atmosphere?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes. The sun emits a wide range of wavelengths of light including all those in the visible spectrum and thus appears white. The high-detailed pictures where you see yellows, oranges, and reds required special filters to take and transpose image data so we can see the details."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is electromagnetic induction not limitless energy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is electromagnetic induction not limitless energy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lenz's law states that any induced current will always create an opposing magnetic field, effectively limiting the amount of energy which can be induced in a coil to < 100%. This opposing magnetic field is one of natures many forms of maintaining the law of Conservation of Energy. Also, the change in flux from a degrading natural magnet would be so small, the induced voltage would be virtually nothing, so resistance would reduce it to literally nothing. It wouldn't even be enough to power a single transistor."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do most people who win the lottery reveal their identities?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do most people who win the lottery reveal their identities?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It primarily depends on the state. Most states require the winner to publicly announce their winnings. Other states, South Carolina for example, allow the winners to remain anonymous. Basically, if you want the money then you better be prepared for a photo."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do they get words or images on latex balloons? What kind of substance is it that it stretches with the balloon?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do they get words or images on latex balloons? What kind of substance is it that it stretches with the balloon?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It isn't any kind of special ink that magically stretches. They inflate the balloon to its expected capacity and print the image\/text onto the balloon while inflated."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What happens to a car battery internally, that causes it to \u201cgo bad?\u201d","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens to a car battery internally, that causes it to \u201cgo bad?\u201d","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Car batteries are two thin sheets of lead alloy, separated by a solution. As the battery charges, lead is plated from one plate to the other. As the battery discharges, the process is reversed. In an ideal world, the lead ions would be perfectly uniformly distributed in the solution, and the plates would remain completely flat. So, that's not how it really works. One plate gets a little bump from random concentration imbalances. That makes the gap between the plates a little smaller. The smaller gap makes that point a more active part of the battery. Over time, a little stalagmite starts to grow toward the other plate. One day, it touches, and the battery has an internal short. Lots of heat in generated, and the plate might be damaged, or even crack and come loose. Not to worry, there are a couple dozen plates in each cell, and the other ones are working fine, for now. Over time, more plates are damaged. that's why it's bad to run a battery dead, this is the stage where the maximum plating effect occurs, shortening the overall life."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Can a particle in the absolute zero state freeze a particle in the plasma state? Will the plasma particle freeze or will the absolute zero particle melt?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can a particle in the absolute zero state freeze a particle in the plasma state? Will the plasma particle freeze or will the absolute zero particle melt?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"First of we cannot achieve absolute zero. This is known as the 3rd law of thermodynamics. So your question is invalid. Also when we speak about individual particles temperature and heat stop really making sense. Thermodynamics is a classical theory and to describe individual \u201cparticles\u201d we need a quantum theory."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How did all goverments determine how much currency is made to not get inflation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did all goverments determine how much currency is made to not get inflation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I researched this a few months ago so I\u2019ll state what I found. Currency gets their values from the ratio of their supply to their demand. When the demand for the currency is higher than the supply, its value increases. When the demand is lower than the supply, its value decreases. Simple Law of Supply and Demand. Therefore, to avoid inflation of currency, just avoid printing too much money that the demand won\u2019t keep up with the supply."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How can Amazon Prime video know which actors are in which specific seems for every single second of a video?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can Amazon Prime video know which actors are in which specific seems for every single second of a video?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Someone actually watches it and tags them. A lot of tv and video stuff like this is just done manually. While it may seem like a lot, people just power through and get it done."} {"category":"Physics","question":"I am sitting in a room with two identical speakers that are producing the same single note at the same volume. One is moving. This should change the way their waves add up, so the combined sound will vary between being doubled and canceled out, yet this doesn't happen in practice. Why?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n I am sitting in a room with two identical speakers that are producing the same single note at the same volume. One is moving. This should change the way their waves add up, so the combined sound will vary between being doubled and canceled out, yet this doesn't happen in practice. Why?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> the combined sound will vary between being doubled and canceled out, yet this doesn't happen in practice This *does* happen in practice: I do a demo exactly like this in my intro physics class. However, it doesn't always work as well I'd hope, and the reason why answers your question. Sound waves tend to reflect around the room a lot. So as you move your speaker around, you're hearing the sound from each speaker, plus sound that reflected off the walls, the floor, furniture, etc. These add together in complicated ways, so you almost never get perfect cancellation or superposition of all the sound waves."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are there multiple types of command line interfaces in windows rather than just one? Command prompt, Powershell etc.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are there multiple types of command line interfaces in windows rather than just one? Command prompt, Powershell etc.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Powershell is the NEW command prompt. Cmd really only lets you run - from a dos prompt - the applications in your path (environment variable) or in the local folder which you normally could run by finding the executable in Windows Explorer. You can \"script\" cmd by using batch files, but DOS\/Windows .bat file syntax essentially is just what you could type line by line in a cmd window, nothing more. In order to interact with files, system parameters, registry values or running applications you'd have to write a cmd executable program to do so. Powershell on the other hand does everything cmd does, but includes support for plugins and scripting - if you like, its very similar to a UNIX\/Linux style \"shell\" - it can launch programs, interact with running programs, can be scripted and provides APIs to maniupulate files, parse file contents etc. if you ever find yourself cursing while you attempt to troubleshoot a complex .bat file, seriously look into Powershell scripting. So much nicer."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What allows heat to cast a shadow?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What allows heat to cast a shadow?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Light is bent or refracted by whatever it passes through. In a room of uniform temperature, the light is bent the same way everywhere so you see a uniform image. Heat causes turbulence in the air so the light is bent in a more chaotic manner. You're seeing this as a wavy image in the shadow. This is also what causes mirages and the wavy pattern that one can see on top of a car hood when the engine is hot. This happens not only to light, but any part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio signals are disrupted in the morning and the evening, thermal inversion. As the air quickly heats up or cools down, the radio waves are distorted by the same effect. Thus causing a distorted signal and static in the radio program you're listening to at those times."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are some allergies so common, like peanuts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are some allergies so common, like peanuts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because parents have made peanut allergies more prevalent by not giving peanuts to their kids because they're scared they have a peanut allergy."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do we need lenses on cameras? What does a photo look like when taken without a lens?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we need lenses on cameras? What does a photo look like when taken without a lens?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You can compare it to a box. The bottom is the sensor area, and the top is the opening pointed at the scene you want to capture. If you just simply open the box: all the light goes into the box from all angles. So a specific point on the bottom of the box receives light from a lot of different angles. The sensor would just see a white blur. So the problem here is that light falls onto a part of the bottom from all directions. Pinhole cameras solve this problem. You close the top of the box, and only make a very small opening in it. Then each point of the box only receives light that falls exactly straight through the hole onto that spot. [The image is inverted this way, but that's not a problem.]( URL_0 ) What \u00eds the problem with pinhole cameras is that you block out a ton of light, and we would like to use that light. So lenses provide a way to open the box, let in all the light, but focus it in a way that a single point on the sensor only receives light coming from a single direction."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Who is the World Health Organization (WHO) and what are the benefits\/disadvantages of being part of it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Who is the World Health Organization (WHO) and what are the benefits\/disadvantages of being part of it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's an agency of the United Nations. Its task is to coordinate the response to internationally relevant public health risks, to coordinate vaccination campaigns between countries, to give public health policy advice. There's no advantage to not being part of it."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is Coinstar and how does it work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is Coinstar and how does it work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They're machines that count large amounts of loose change and let you exchange it for more easily spendable paper money. They're normally found in grocery stores and the like. You dump your money in, it counts it, you get a slip which you can exchange for money. The store takes a percentage of the money to offset the cost of running the machine (and some will give you 100% of your value if you spend it in store). As for how you count money, it's just a matter of having a machine that tests the size, weight & magnetic behavior of each coin in order to properly identify it."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why was Aristotle's successor, Theophrastus, not renowned as his predecessors? Aristotle was taught by Plato, who learned from Socrates","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why was Aristotle's successor, Theophrastus, not renowned as his predecessors? Aristotle was taught by Plato, who learned from Socrates","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Aristotle et al. are famous because the books they wrote survived for thousands of years. Long after they died, copies of their books were made in libraries in the Middle East and studied by academics in Europe. This allowed their work to be shared widely, translated into many languages, and most importantly, preserved from destruction. By contrast, we know very little about Theophrastus. According to [Diogenes]( URL_1 ), he was a very influential philosopher in his time, and he wrote a massive amount of books on all kinds of topics. However, almost none of Theophrastus's books have survived to the current day. This means we don't know about most of his ideas, and most of the things we do know about him are from other people mentioning his work. > How far Theophrastus attached himself to the Aristotelic doctrines... can be determined but very partially owing to the scantiness of the statements which we have, and what belongs to this subject can be merely indicated in this place. > > [\\-Dictionary of Greek and Roman Mythology]( URL_2 ) That being said, we do remember Theophrastus for his contribution in certain fields. He is considered the \"father of botany\" for his botanical books, *Enquiry into Plants* and *On the Causes of Plants,* which survived to the 15th century and were highly influential in the European Renaissance. Wikipedia article for further reading: [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How were elements like hydrogen and helium found hundreds of years ago without being able to see them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How were elements like hydrogen and helium found hundreds of years ago without being able to see them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Even today we can't 'see' elements but like many years ago we identify them based on their differing physical and chemical characteristics. Melting points, reactivity with other chemicals, electromagnetic spectra, to name a few of the early techniques."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How many potential lethal pathogens\/cells are killed by our immune system a day?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How many potential lethal pathogens\/cells are killed by our immune system a day?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends on what you mean by \"lethal pathogen.\" Technically, any microbe can become lethal without our immune system, including innocuous and even friendly bacteria. That's why AIDS is so devastating, microbes that we're normally totally immune to can suddenly take root in our body and devastate us completely. As for a number, I don't think anyone could accurately give you that. A vast amount in all likelihood."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why do we eat maple syrup but not pine syrup or elm syrup or oak syrup?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do we eat maple syrup but not pine syrup or elm syrup or oak syrup?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We can and do eat birch syrup, walnut syrup, and the syrups of a few other trees. The key isn't as much the sugar content, the key is that the sap needs to be relatively neutral tasting, because of how much it has to be reduced to thicken it. The saps of deciduous hardwoods (maple, birch, etc) seem to work especially well here. As far as why maple, I suspect it just tastes the most pleasant, although certainly it is to a large degree cultural as well - consider by analogy how almost any grain or fruit can be used to make alcohol, yet the large majority of world alcohol is made only using a few specific grains and fruits."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why is \"0! = 1\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is \"0! = 1\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A factorial represents the number of ways you can organize *n* objects. There is only one way to organize 1 object. (1! = 1) There are two ways to organize 2 objects (e.g., AB or BA; 2! = 2) There are 6 ways to organize 3 objects (e.g., ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA; 3! = 6). Etc. How many ways are there to organize 0 objects? 1. Ergo 0! = 1. This is consistent with the application of the gamma function, which extends the factorial concept to ~~non-positive integers.~~ all reals EDIT: except negative integers!"} {"category":"Other","question":"why do certain foods like brownies and lasagna taste better when their edges are bordering on burnt?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do certain foods like brownies and lasagna taste better when their edges are bordering on burnt?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's due to what's called the Maillard reaction: (copied from Wikipedia) The Maillard reaction (\/ma\u026a\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0r\/ my-YAR; French: [maja\u0281]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, and many other foods undergo this reaction. Alton Brown also discussed it in depth a few times in his fantastic cooking show called Good Eats. Great show if you like learning how to cook, not duplicate recipes."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How come when you have spotty cell service, turning your phone on and off airplane mode gives you better service?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come when you have spotty cell service, turning your phone on and off airplane mode gives you better service?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It forces your phone to reconnect to the closest\/best towers. Your phone caches which towers it usually connects to and continues to connect to them. Restarting the phone or resetting the communication settings (toggling airplane mode, settings - > general - > reset - > reset network settings (iPhone), etc) does the same thing."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"- Why does peroxide poured into a cleaning case to clean your contact lens turn to water overnight, but the peroxide left in the bottle does not?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why does peroxide poured into a cleaning case to clean your contact lens turn to water overnight, but the peroxide left in the bottle does not?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Peroxide, given the chance, will slowly decompose into water and oxygen. This process can be sped up by a catalyst (the platinum disk in the case), especially if the catalyst is heated. At low concentrations, this is fairly slow and pretty benign. However, more concentrated peroxide (sometimes referred to as high-test peroxide) decomposes so violently that it can be used as a monopropellant in spacecraft, such as Soyuz descent module. It also powers the turbopumps and vernier thrusters on the R-7 (Soyuz) booster."} {"category":"Physics","question":"why does a balloon explode when you puncture it, but does a tire slowly deflate?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does a balloon explode when you puncture it, but does a tire slowly deflate?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because a balloon is a thin stretched membrane where tear will spread. A tire is a lot less stretched, thicker and reinforced so it can sustain the forces on it. You can reinforce a balloon with just a bit of tape and then puncture it trough the tape and it will not explode just leak slowly."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How are non-contact thermometers able to determine temperature?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are non-contact thermometers able to determine temperature?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because hot objects glow a colour that gives their temperature away. You can see that with red-hot metal, for example. If you could see in the infra-red, you could tell the temperature of cooler objects in the same way."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do certain mental illnesses (schizophrenia for example) cause hallucinations (both auditory and visual)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do certain mental illnesses (schizophrenia for example) cause hallucinations (both auditory and visual)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"(1) To the best of my knowledge, we don't necessarily understand *exactly* what causes hallucinations to occur. However, we have identified strong correlates such as hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system, irregular activity of the serotonergic system, hypoactivity of the glutamatergic system, lower hippocampal volume, and many others. (2) To be a stickler, *all* perception occurs only in the brain. You *sense* with the eyes, ears, fingers and so on, but the final product of what you see, hear, and feel is all brain-based. This is precisely why hallucinations feel genuinely real to those that experience them, as the brain activity is equivocal to normal perception. Also, perception does not involve the brain sending reciprocal signals back to the sensory organs. (3) Hallucinations are operationally defined as *stimulus-absent* perception. In other words, no light is reflecting from a surface and striking the retina, and no sound waves are traveling to the eardrum. Essentially, the brain regions responsible for visual and auditory processing are overly active when they should not be. As to why this occurs, leading theories point to a neurodevelopmental perspective which tends towards a prenatal focus (i.e. something went wrong with how those areas were wired, or how those areas are regulated, as a result of harmful experiences while the baby was developing in the womb). (4) The disconnective aspect of hallucinations is addressed by cognitive theories. To greatly summarize, hallucinations may reflect impairments in working\/short-term memory, as the person may not remember that the voices they're hearing are their own internal monologue (and interestingly, when we paralyze the vocal chords, auditory hallucinations cease to occur)."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does spring water taste sweeter than mineral water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does spring water taste sweeter than mineral water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are two parts to this: 1. The mineral make-up of the water influences its flavour. A water from any given spring will taste slightly different to the water from another given spring. The same is true for mineral water - depending on the makeup of minerals in that water, it may well be sweeter than water from another spring. 2. The psychological effect. People generally can't tell the difference between tap water and bottled water if they aren't told which is which: URL_0 > hese results indicated that the participants could not distinguish between the two water varieties and that the indistinguishability of the water varieties was statistically significant."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Can people be sensitive to lightning or thunder storms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can people be sensitive to lightning or thunder storms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is a good one. I know that if you were to capture a landscape on film during a thunderstorm and in superslowmotion you'd be able to see tentacles of lightning coming out of the ground prior to the impact of the lightning. For all I know that could cause a static field. Im unsure about the ring if it's possible that would become a conductor or have a current running through it due to that phenomenon. I'm also very curious if people can explain this one. Fun fact by the way. It's better to be hit by lightning directly than a strike close-by. If the lightning starts running along the ground I could go up your leg and down the other. The greater the distance between your feet the more dangerous it will be. That's why you'd sometimes see dead cows without a clear impact damage to the body."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is the business and occupation tax and how does it work? (WA state)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the business and occupation tax and how does it work? (WA state)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Washington State doesn't have an income tax. So what they do for businesses is put this B & O tax on their revenues. It will vary based on what industry the business is in. According to [this link]( URL_0 ) the tax rate is .00471 (.471%) for retail businesses. Unlike income tax, this is a tax on gross sales (revenue) not income. So say you own a restaurant and sell $1,000,000 worth of food. You would owe .471% or $4,710, even if you had $1,100,000 worth of expenses and lost $100,000. In almost all states, if you lose money (expenses are greater than revenues) as a business, you would not owe income tax, but in WA you still owe this B & O. Apparently cities can place their on taxes on top of the state rate as well."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What does \u201clife at low Reynold\u2019s number\u201d mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does \u201clife at low Reynold\u2019s number\u201d mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It refers to a paper that details motion for microscopic life. The Reynolds number is a science\/engineering term for the amount of inertia in a moving fluid. Low Reynolds number means low inertial forces, which means viscous flows (like molasses or tar). At microscopic scales, there\u2019s very little inertia. Swimming through water for a microbe is like us trying to swim through honey. Because of this, microbes have to move in ways that don\u2019t use inertia, so they rely on things like a flagellum for motion."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why do certain containers cause the liquid to disastrously pour down the side but others don\u2019t?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do certain containers cause the liquid to disastrously pour down the side but others don\u2019t?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Everyone here is talking about properties of water cohesion and viscosity, but OP specifically asked about why certain **containers** pour well while others don't. That has to do with the type of spout, or the way the glass\/plastic is shaped at the top of the container. You generally need a very sharp edge, or a very crisp curve at the end of the spout. The material of the spout also matters, and you tend to want surfaces that your liquid doesn't stick to as easily. If it's just a smooth rounded top, especially of glass, water will happily stick to the gentle flow over the curve and drip right down the sides of the glass rather than slide off the edge for a smooth pour. Sharper edges don't allow this, water can't stick to it and it just pours right off the end. The thing with your typical glass drinking glasses, is they generally have very smooth edges because that feels gentler on our mouths, rather than the more geometrically sharp edges you'd see on something like a plastic milk jug. This is why trying to pour water slowly out of a drinking glass causes the water to disastrously pour down the sides, while pouring the same liquid out of a plastic bottle is successful. The drinking glass has soft rounded edges on the top for a more comfortable feel on your lips, while the bottle has sharper curved edges for pouring. The only other variable is speed at which you pour, a faster pour gives the fluid more energy and forces it to fly off the edge and not drip. That's why if you really have to pour water of a drinking glass, you have to pour it quickly if you want to avoid a mess."} {"category":"Physics","question":"When scientists say celestial objects are X distance from Earth, how do they determine the start and end point of the measurement?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When scientists say celestial objects are X distance from Earth, how do they determine the start and end point of the measurement?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Generally we measure center to center because that's what makes sense from the standpoint of gravity, and also surfaces are irregular, but because of the vast distances involved, the distance between the center of an object and it's surface are meaningless. I mean, The closest star to us is 41.32 trillion km. The 6,371 km difference between the Earth's center and its surface is difference of 0.000000015%. Also, when we're talking about the distance to other celestial bodies like the Moon or planets, we're usually talking about averages, because planets are always moving closer to and farther away from each other as the orbit the sun, and all orbits are elliptical, which means the moon's distance changes depending on where it is in its orbit."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does a nuclear explosion cause an iconic mushroom cloud? How does this happen and why not with other \"regular\" explosions?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a nuclear explosion cause an iconic mushroom cloud? How does this happen and why not with other \"regular\" explosions?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A lot of explosions do. Its not something peculiar to nuclear explosions. All that's needed is an explosion sizeable enough to throw a lot of particles in the air and you will see a \"mushroom cloud\" whether its nuclear or not. Edit. I think the idea of mushroom clouds being a nuclear thing is due to all the iconic images of nuclear tests during the 40s and 50s. It just imprints itself in the minds eye. In reality look at images if soldiers in Iraq and Afganistan for instance. When they are blowing up buildings, you can see the same clouds, albeit on a smaller scale."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is it that when you go over text with a yellow highlighter multiple times it doesn't get stronger in intensity, but it will for almost any other color of highlighter?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that when you go over text with a yellow highlighter multiple times it doesn't get stronger in intensity, but it will for almost any other color of highlighter?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I believe this is because of the value of the color. Value is the amount of white or black in a given color. Think of value on a scale of 1 (pure white) to 10 (pure black. The lower on the scale a color is, the lighter it's value. The lighter the value, the less change you'll see when adding more light value. This is the same for darker values when applying darker values. Values in the middle or near that change as you add more white or more black. On the color wheel, the majority of the colors are in the middle\/darker end of value. But yellow is on the lightest end of value, closer to white. (Example, think of writing a sentence on a white sheet of paper with different colored pencils. The hardest color to see, because its so close to white, is yellow.) The medium of which the color is applied also matters. In the case of paint, the more layers you add, the brighter the color, but that's due to the opacity of each layer as it's applied. Now with highlighters the same logic applies. A yellow highlighter or marker is extremely light in value, and according to value, adding more white doesn't change the brightness. Adding more yellow to yellow doesn't really alter it's value and that's because it 1.) Catches a lot of light. 2.) The amount in each layer is exactly the same or close to it as markers\/highlighters are typically controlled amounts of pigment released with pressure. With other colors, you get two different effects. Color that darkens because the color you're using has more dark values to it. Adding more layers makes it darker (you see this with reds, blues, purples). Or, the color appears darker as you add more layers because it doesn't catch as much light, therefore everytime you add a new layer, you are able to see the soaked area catching less and less light (you see this with greens, oranges, pinks, and lighter blues)."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How come the extreme pressure at the ocean floor isn't making the water boil? (Like high pressure areas on land equals higher temperatures) I've heard the temperature underwater actually goes as low as 33\u00b0F","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come the extreme pressure at the ocean floor isn't making the water boil? (Like high pressure areas on land equals higher temperatures) I've heard the temperature underwater actually goes as low as 33\u00b0F","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Forget about temperature for the first part. Water is made of molecules. Molecules in liquid water are relatively free to move, but they are still slightly attached to other molecules, so they don't \"escape\". When water becomes a gas, the molecules escape. If we increase pressure, we constrain the motion of these molecules. Water at higher pressure needs more temperature to boil, because we don't let the molecules escape freely. The second part, temperature. Pressure alone does not increase temperature. It's necessary to compress something (change its volume) to introduce energy (which, in part, increases temperature). Liquids have a hard time changing its volume, so it's very difficult to change their temperature by compressing them. Finally, water at the bottom of the ocean is cold not because of the pressure, but because cold water is denser than hot water, so it sinks. In equilibrium, water at the bottom is colder than water at the top. Edit: Remember, PV=nRT only works for ideal gases. Water is not an ideal gas, especially liquid water."} {"category":"Other","question":"How Cuba has the best doctors in the world?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How Cuba has the best doctors in the world?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Two reasons: 1. Fidel Castro invested heavily in Cuba\u2019s healthcare system after the revolution. They put a lot of money into making sure that they have good healthcare \u2014 and good doctors. 2. Cuba is not able to export a lot of resources, because of embargo\u2019s and other bans on trade. Because of this, they see doctors as an export that can\u2019t really be regulated. It\u2019s a really useful political tool as well, all fo whcih gives them incentive to keep their healthcare system at a really high quality."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why can't we quickly clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't we quickly clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Have you looked at the size of the Pacific Ocean? It's over _16 billion hectares._ What size of machine do you think could quickly strain through all that?"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does gum loose it\u2019s flavor over time, and what ingredients do companies add that makes gum \u201clong lasting\u201d?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does gum loose it\u2019s flavor over time, and what ingredients do companies add that makes gum \u201clong lasting\u201d?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The main reason gum loses its taste is due to your saliva. What saliva does is break down these flavour molecules, stripping them from the gum. So if you have less saliva, or you chew on a piece less often, it would stand to reason that the piece would last a bit longer. As for longer lasting gums, they don't typically last much longer than the rest. Most gum companies use most of the same chemicals, so it would more likely be a result of how they coat and manufacture the gum."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do the most interesting parts of our d\u200er\u200ee\u200ea\u200em\u200es only occur right before we w\u200ea\u200ek\u200ee up ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do the most interesting parts of our d\u200er\u200ee\u200ea\u200em\u200es only occur right before we w\u200ea\u200ek\u200ee up ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I don't know that that's true. I don't think my experience matches that. I think what's very likely is that we just remember only the bits right before we wake up. I seem to recall learning that unlike conscious perception, dreaming doesn't go from short term to long term memory, except of course the bits we focus on when we're awake and they're still in our short term memory."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do so many stores\/brands have a big and tall section but there is nothing for short men?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do so many stores\/brands have a big and tall section but there is nothing for short men?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You can always pay a few bucks to have pants shortened, but there is no real way to lengthen pants if they are too short. So it\u2019s more of a necessity to offer tall, while there is a solution available for shorter people."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do moons orbit around planets instead of the sun?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do moons orbit around planets instead of the sun?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"well, gravity is a bit like heat. The closer you are to something, the more you feel its effects. So the earth orbits the sun because of it's strength but the moon is just so close to earth that it's caught up in earth's gravity instead."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What actually happens to the human body when an explosion happens in close proximity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What actually happens to the human body when an explosion happens in close proximity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"For conventional explosions heat doesn't matter much. The main lethal factor for people are flying debris (wich is why anti-personnel bombs contain some extra) Aside from that the involved pressure hits verye harshly, depending on the size and distance of the explosion it can range from \"topple you over and hit your head\", over \"punch in the stomach that causes internal bleeding\" to \"your bodyparts are ripped apart\""} {"category":"Biology","question":"Not including thumbs, why are all of our other fingers different lengths?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Not including thumbs, why are all of our other fingers different lengths?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Evolutionarily speaking, if our (or our ancestors, or other apes) fingers were all the same length, it would be difficult to grip and manipulate branches and objects. This is a rather simplistic view, but you'd essentially have rakes for hands. Next time you see some monkey bars, jump up, grab, and explore how your fingers each provide an individual function. Likewise, curl your toes against the floor -- you'll see the longer ones provide a better, stronger grip while the shorter ones seem to provide more stability."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Does a layer of dust on the leaves of a plant effect it's ability to photosynthesize at all?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Does a layer of dust on the leaves of a plant effect it's ability to photosynthesize at all?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes, as dust on a window reduces the amount of light coming through the dust on the leaves reduces the light reaching the cells. Too much dust and the plant can't survive."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How come spacecraft are able to take advantage of the rotational speed of Earth, but airplanes aren't?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come spacecraft are able to take advantage of the rotational speed of Earth, but airplanes aren't?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Spacecraft are going to leave the Earth's atmosphere and enter into orbit. Orbits involve moving around the Earth so fast that you move \"sideways\" away from the Earth at the same speed that you fall. At that point, your velocity relative to the Earth actually matters. Or, to phrase it another way, a spacecraft needs to orbit with a velocity that is *independent* of the Earth's rotation. By contrast, a plane is never going to need to leave the frame of reference where the ground is considered stationary. Its velocity is best treated as *dependent* on the Earth's rotation. That probably didn't make a lot of sense, so let me use an analogy. The setup: You're on a large merry-go-round, and you're wearing roller skates. Scenario 1: You just realized that you're late for dinner, and your mom is going to be super mad if you're not home ASAP. You can either wait until the merry-go-round is moving you *toward* the direction you need to go, or *away* from the direction you need to go. What do you do? Clearly you need to wait until you're already moving in the direction you want to go before you jump off, so you get a nice boost. This is because the velocity you need to reach is in a frame of reference where you view the merry-go-round as spinning. Going one direction over another will affect your velocity when you're in the new frame of reference. This is like launching a rocket into orbit. Scenario 2: You're on the merry-go-round, and you realized that you dropped your wallet on a different part of the merry-go-round. Since you're not going to leave the frame of reference where you treat the merry-go-round as stationary, you won't get a boost for going in one direction over another. This is like flying a plane from one city to another."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Where does the sun\u2019s fuel come from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does the sun\u2019s fuel come from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"WHen the universe was formed, the most abundant element was hydrogen. It's the simplest element: just a single proton with a single electron. Gradually, over time, gravity caused clumps of hydrogen to gather together into balls, and as the balls formed, the gravity drew the balls of hydrogen closer together until they were so densely packed together that the pressure in the ball got really high. When the pressure gets high, the temperature goes up, and when the temperature and pressure get high enough, hydrogen actually starts to fuse together into helium. Luckily for stars, the reaction of hydrogen turning into helium puts out energy. Once the hydrogen in a star starts fusing into helium, the reaction is self-sustaining. We can do this on a small scale in a hydrogen bomb: we make it so hot that we get the hydrogen to fuse. We call that fusion. The sun is a giant hydrogen bomb that keeps fusing hydrogen into helium. After the hydrogen is all used up, the helium will fuse into something even heavier, but it needs the crazy temperatures and pressures at the center of the sun to happen."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why can different email service providers (e.g. gmail, Yahoo! Mail) send emails to one another but instant messaging apps (e.g. Telegram, WhatsApp) cannot send messages to each other?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can different email service providers (e.g. gmail, Yahoo! Mail) send emails to one another but instant messaging apps (e.g. Telegram, WhatsApp) cannot send messages to each other?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Email business models, like telephone ones before them, built on the idea of interconnection. App based messaging is a different business model,based on seclusion in an ad ecosystem. They could technically interconnect, bwt that's bad for the companies selling ads."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"since gas is just liquids but with particles spaced wider, can we technically just compress gas into water somehow?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n since gas is just liquids but with particles spaced wider, can we technically just compress gas into water somehow?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes. Higher pressure will raise the boiling point of a gas. With a high enough pressure, you can raise a gasses boiling point enough to force it into a liquid. The opposite is also true. With a lower pressure, the boiling point lowers. [Here's]( URL_0 ) a video of water boiling at well below 100 C."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Is it built in to the genetic code of a virus to make its host sneeze or cough in order to further spread itself and \u2018grow\u2019? Or is it just the body making an effort to expel the bad stuff?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is it built in to the genetic code of a virus to make its host sneeze or cough in order to further spread itself and \u2018grow\u2019? Or is it just the body making an effort to expel the bad stuff?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some viruses and bacteria use our body functions against us, to aid in their spread. Cholera is a bacteria, it injects a toxin into the causes the body to inject more water into the intestine causing diahrea, and hopefully contaminating more food & water sources so it can spread to other people. Cold viruses do the same thing with cough and runny nose. Typically they don't directly control the cells, they cause the cells to react to something, and that reaction is the symptom we see. Some fungus and parasites do it too."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do the likes of PlayStations remember what year\/time it is when turned off for a long time with no connection to WiFi?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do the likes of PlayStations remember what year\/time it is when turned off for a long time with no connection to WiFi?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's a small battery that does nothing put power an internal clock. They can run for years. Same basic concept, open up your computer and you'll see a small button-cell battery on your motherboard. Once upon a time this stored CMOS settings as well, but these days it's sole purpose is maintaining the system clock."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do video game companies make exclusive games for some consoles? Wouldn\u2019t they make more money if it were open to all consoles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do video game companies make exclusive games for some consoles? Wouldn\u2019t they make more money if it were open to all consoles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The point of an exclusive title is to help sell the hardware. Console manufacturers either outright own, or give financial intensives to the game manufacturer in exchange for making exclusive titles. In other words the console manufacturer pays your company for the exclusive rights to a game so that they can use it to drive up their hardware sales. Also you don't tend to think of first party titles like Mario Bros as platform exclusive titles, but they are. Nintendo only allows their characters to appear on other consoles when it is to their financial advantage to do so."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"If coal is made from dead plants, why isn't it considered renewable if plants obviously still die?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If coal is made from dead plants, why isn't it considered renewable if plants obviously still die?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s not renewable on a useful timescale. It takes millions of years for organic matter to turn into coal or other fossil fuels."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does viewing violence affect people's mental health?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does viewing violence affect people's mental health?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I\u2019m not sure there is really a correlation there. More likely people already predisposed to some kind of mental health problem can be affected by viewing violence."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does albinism seem to exist in nearly all species of animals?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does albinism seem to exist in nearly all species of animals?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because it's very simple. Any species of animal that has pigment can have a mutation causing it not to produce pigment, which makes it albino. Many cave animals can't have albinism though because they don't have pigment anyway."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"can you actually make long-lasting, functional material out of super glue and ramen noodles?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n can you actually make long-lasting, functional material out of super glue and ramen noodles?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Surprisingly, yes. While it's not as long lasting as concrete. Super glue is essentially a liquid plastic that turns solid when it is exposed to air. The ramen just provide a surface and structure for the super glue to bond with. As long as it is sealed properly so the noodles stay dry I can see any structure made by super glue and ramen lasting a reasonably long time."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How are news stations able to project which candidate will win a state after only counting 5% of the votes?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are news stations able to project which candidate will win a state after only counting 5% of the votes?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They compare it to the pre-election polls, and they do exit polls. If those two unofficial polls indicate a clear winner, and the 5% of votes counted align with those unofficial polls, then they feel safe calling the state. It's not official by any means, and no news station would ever call a state before polls close, so as not to affect people who haven't voted yet. But a state like California is never going to vote for Trump, so they can call it the second polls close."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What does actually happen inside a computer when it crashes or buffers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does actually happen inside a computer when it crashes or buffers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Crashing can occur from many things but usually occurs when the program encounters 'exceptions.' Modern programming often has 'functions'. Think of a program making toast. You rarely write a program to make the toast all in one go, you instead split it into functions. First you get bread. Then you get butter. Then you put the bread in the toaster. Then you turn it on. Then you wait. Then you take it out. Then you butter the bread. If any of those functions encounter an exception, it disrupts the flow of the other functions. What if there's a power cut - you can't turn the toaster on, which means every step beyond that is now useless - that can be thought of as an exception. In programming, most of the time exceptions are planned for and the program should know how to handle them. If it doesn't, that's when it'll crash. It simply crashes because at one stage of a process, something unexpected happened and the programmer didn't implement anything to let it recognize that. Buffering is very different from crashing. A buffer in programming is just a medium between data when you move it. Think of the toast example - the plate is essentially a buffer - it's just there to hold the bread while you move it from the bag of bread to the toaster. A program may use a buffer to store outputs temporarily if an input can't receive them quickly enough, such as your browser buffering a video in advance because YouTube is sending you the video faster than you watch it."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do TV game shows tax people who get cash on the spot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do TV game shows tax people who get cash on the spot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Any cash prize (including lotteries) is generally considered income in the eyes of the IRS (or similar entity for other countries). The person\/entity giving the money will report the transfer of money to the IRS (and in some cases, offer to withhold the expected taxes) , and it becomes the responsibility of the recipient to submit a payment of the expected owed taxes in a timely manner and to report the earnings when the time comes to file taxes for the year."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Where does money go during a Global Recession? And how is it reversed when the recession ends?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where does money go during a Global Recession? And how is it reversed when the recession ends?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That isn't what is happening during a recession. People \"lose money\" not because the actual money supply is reduced by because assets are valued less."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why is the \"no true Scotsman\" considered a fallacy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the \"no true Scotsman\" considered a fallacy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Words are labels for things. If we disagree on the labels, that\u2019s just a disagreement. The fallacy is the act of redefining the label *after* the argument begins. Using your example, if you say \u201cmovie lovers are people who really love movies,\u201d and then somebody says \u201coh, that\u2019s me! I love movies.\u201d And you respond by saying, \u201coh, but you don\u2019t ever watch foreign movies. *real* movie lovers watch foreign movies.\u201d That\u2019s the fallacy. You\u2019ve changed the requirement for being part of that group *after* you gave your premise. If you started out saying \u201cmovie lovers are people who love movies and watch foreign movies.\u201d but someone replies, \u201cI\u2019m a movie lover, but I don\u2019t watch foreign movies,\u201d then that\u2019s not a fallacy, just a disagreement."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does a universal remote work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a universal remote work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"each manufacturer uses their own frequencies for various buttons on the remote. a universal remote is programmable, so you have to program each button. but most smart universal remotes come preprogrammed for various manufacturers."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are the letters on the QWERTY keyboard positioned this way and how come the Dvorak keyboard was never adopted despite its efficiency?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are the letters on the QWERTY keyboard positioned this way and how come the Dvorak keyboard was never adopted despite its efficiency?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As far as I know, originally the letters were organised like they are because typewriters tended to get stuck if the letters that were pressed were next to each other. Thus they organised the letters so that the most used letters were next to least used ones so they'd have the least chance of getting stuck. That way the typing would be most efficient. The order of the letters stayed even when the problem went away along with computer keyboards, because the order was already familiar so they decided it would be easier just to keep it the way it is. Correct me if I'm wrong!"} {"category":"Other","question":"If wine is made from grapes how can it have \"notes\" of other completely seperate fruits and flavours?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If wine is made from grapes how can it have \"notes\" of other completely seperate fruits and flavours?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Wines end up with flavors that remind people of other fruits. This is in part due to various byproducts of fermentation and in part due to what was in the grapes when they were fermented. It\u2019s also due a lot to the person drinking - for example studies have found that wine drinkers frequently attribute light\/pale colored fruits\/descriptions to White wine and darker\/redder colored fruits\/descriptions to Red wine, but when they\u2019re blindfolded the association trends vanish. Your sense of taste is highly subject to suggestion."} {"category":"Technology","question":"When you type in an incorrect password, and you want to reset it, why does it say that your new password cannot be your old password?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you type in an incorrect password, and you want to reset it, why does it say that your new password cannot be your old password?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It could be a few different things, 1)could be that you cant use any old password so your using an older password. 2) this is common one for me, your typing it incorrectly on the 1st screen. When your setting a new password you get to see the rules. 1 capital letter,1 symbol,no spaces and 2 numbers So when you can see the rules you know what password you would normally use to meet those requirements"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does gravity increases the acceleration of an object when falling from a height (or their speed) ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does gravity increases the acceleration of an object when falling from a height (or their speed) ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Gravity will constantly accelerate objects as they come together. However, this doesn't stop other forces from also acting on the objects. In some cases, these forces may counteract this acceleration due to gravity. In this case, the air resistance from the droplet bumping into gasses in the atmosphere slows it down. This slowing is proportional to its speed. That is, the faster the droplet moves, the more bumping into the air slows it down. As such, eventually the acceleration from gravity and deceleration from air resistance cancel out. As it turns out, this speed is slow enough and the mass of a water droplet small enough that it won't hurt you when the water hits you."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are mammals not more colorful?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are mammals not more colorful?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Most super colorful insects or reptiles use it as a [warning sign]( URL_0 ) that they are not good to eat. Mammals don't produce poison so we don't need this. Only male birds (usually) are colorful as a mating sign. It's also easier for them to escape than it would be for a mammal, so this is not a hindrance for survival. Mammals are confined to the ground and have different selection pressures. They need to blend in with the environment, which tends to be green or brown. Many prey animals can only see in the green\/blue(?I think) spectrum, which is why many cats will be orange\/yellow. More simply, because being any other colors than brown\/gray\/black\/etc did not have evolutionary advantages over being a bright color."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do countries pay other countries?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do countries pay other countries?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Usually private or (semi private) companies buy the oil, not the state directly. In this case they usually purchase the product on the world market entering a contract for delivery for a certain grade oil. (oil varies massively in types and grades). The exchange of money is usually done on what is called the SWIFT network, which connects nearly all banks across the world. Once the contract is fulfilled, the final payment is transfered from whoever bought the oil to the oil company. You can access this network at your local bank, but you need some pretty specific information before you can transfer money in this way. Edit: think an email money transfer. But bigger, slightly safer and more expensive. I believe it's 25 or 30 per transfer? Been a few years for me."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do biologists\/archeologists determine the age of fossils\/artifacts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do biologists\/archeologists determine the age of fossils\/artifacts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The level they are buried at the surrounding rocks date the fossil that they are found in which is why it important to note the exact location where they are found."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why are the storage options for devices like phones or laptops multiples of 16GB?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are the storage options for devices like phones or laptops multiples of 16GB?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"computers are based on a binary system so it goes up in powers of 2. The math starts at two not sixteen but its: 2^1=2 2^2=4 2^3=8 2^4=16 2^5=32 so on and so forth right up to 1024 when we move to 1 Terrabyte."} {"category":"Biology","question":"why does the skin on our hands & feet have so many lines (i.e. fingerprints)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does the skin on our hands & feet have so many lines (i.e. fingerprints)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They increase the grip and durability of that surface, the rest of your skin is pretty slick. The process that your body uses to create that type of skin also blocks hair growth and disables melanin production though, so it's only done on the palms and bottoms of your feet."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is electricity sometimes deadly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is electricity sometimes deadly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your body's resistance changes quite a bit. A 50 mA shock through the chest can kill you, but a 50 mA shock through your arm will hurt really really badly but not be fatal so both the path and the amount of current matters You live in a constant voltage world, in North America your wall outlets provide 120V, in Europe they provide 230V, and will let whatever current flow from them that the device wants. The magic equation for this is Ohms Law which is traditionally written as Voltage = Current * Resistance, but since we're trying to find the current we'll use Current = Voltage\/Resistance Your skin resistance with dry hands is normally around 100,000 ohms so a 100V supply will only give you a 1 mA shock, you might not even feel it. If you've been outside and your hands are sweaty then you're down to 10,000 ohms and will get a 10 mA shock, you'll definitely feel it but it won't kill you. If your hands are covered in sweat and you've got some fresh cuts on your hand, now you're in the danger zone where your skin resistance is 500-1000 ohms so you'd get a 100-200 mA shock, if it passes through your chest it can kill you. Basically every power source you encounter can supply enough current to do serious damage to you, but we put protections on the ones that have high enough voltages that they're likely to generate dangerous levels of current. In places where we expect you'll have wet hands like the Kitchen and Bathroom we require GFCIs\/RCBOs that trip at 5-10 mA to reduce the risk of electrocutions. There are a lot of variables at play with an electric shock. You don't know the resistance of your skin just by looking at it, and you generally don't know what path the current will happen to take. Some people get lucky and get massive shocks that go in their hand and leave their upper arm and just cause internal burning but they survive, others have just the wrong combination and update OSHA's \"Lowest fatal voltage\" number to a slightly lower level."} {"category":"Other","question":"Will I throw a standard glass beer bottle further (assuming all other variables variables are controlled) if it is empty or full?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Will I throw a standard glass beer bottle further (assuming all other variables variables are controlled) if it is empty or full?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Full, but not by much. The added mass isn't so much that you can't compensate with more force, so you don't have to worry about throwing it more slowly because it's heavier. At the same time, an object with the same speed will have more momentum if it's heavier. So the full bottle will be more resistant to things like wind. But then again there's not much wind and air resistance can do at low speeds to things as dense as glass bottles. There's also psychological effects of how much mote of your strength you may or may not allocate to the throw if you know it's a full bottle or if you feel like you have a fragile piece of glass in your hand. But that's more complex and less predictable\/testable."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do chicken pox scars stay forever? And why do so many people only get ONE chicken pox scar?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do chicken pox scars stay forever? And why do so many people only get ONE chicken pox scar?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When I had chicken pox, there was one particular bump that itched more than the others. I scratched it more, and also picked at it when it started to heal, so that's why I have the one scar there. I assume this is similar to most people."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does a refrigerator work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a refrigerator work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A motor causes some liquid to get highly compressed. Then its shot through a nozzle into a larger area. The drop in pressure causes the liquid to evaporate which sucks in all the surrounding heat. This is the cold inside of your fridge. Meanwhile, the motor brings all that now hotter liquid around to the back of the fridge where all that heat radiates from the pipes and fins and stuff on the back of the fridge (hence why they're warm all the time... that heat is the heat being sucked out of your milk). So, essentially, all a fridge does is move heat from the inside of your fridge to the outside. So that's why opening the door to cool off your kitchen doesn't work."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are smoother and less complex food (ex. no chunks or crunchy bits in a sauce) more appealing when your young?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are smoother and less complex food (ex. no chunks or crunchy bits in a sauce) more appealing when your young?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Smaller windpipe so more easily swallowed, less developed teeth and developing teeth so chewing food is sometimes difficult or painful."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How come gold is so electronegative, despite having large atoms and being to the left of f.ex thallium, which is much less electronegative?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come gold is so electronegative, despite having large atoms and being to the left of f.ex thallium, which is much less electronegative?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The great thing about chemistry is that almost every year without fail, you basically get \u201cyou know what we told you last year? Only half the story - here\u2019s what really happens.\u201d Source - chemistry degree"} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do we track Mars rovers if there is no global positioning system (GPS) on Mars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we track Mars rovers if there is no global positioning system (GPS) on Mars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We compare the images from satelites surrounding Mars using things like HiRISE if you are interested here is a [link]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why isn't there significant talk about forming a third party in the US during this current political climate?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why isn't there significant talk about forming a third party in the US during this current political climate?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One of the most robust conclusions of the literature on political science is that a winner take all voting system (like the US') will lead to the consolidation of political parties into two. Pretend there are two parties, L and R which are left and right wing respectively. I then start a new party named LoC (which is left of center). A left of center voter who finds me the most agreeable of the three parties will likely not vote for me if they think things out, though. If he and other people like him vote for my party, it would mean that left wing support has been split between my party and L, leaving R with a majority share of the vote. Him voting for the party that he most agreed with led to the party he disagrees with the most winning. TL,DR: The US' election system makes it virtually impossible for a third party to emerge and certain that in the long run there will only be two parties."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are subreddits like r\/shoplifting and r\/stealing allowed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are subreddits like r\/shoplifting and r\/stealing allowed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Freedom of speech, coupled to both the fact that \"thought crime\" (i.e thinking about stealing) aren't easily punishable and the fact that every thing you say on the internet is satyre and shouldn't be taken literally."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it in the west HIV infections are still primarily related with homosexual activity and drug use but in Africa where the vast majority of worldwide cases is it primarily spread through heterosexual transmission?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it in the west HIV infections are still primarily related with homosexual activity and drug use but in Africa where the vast majority of worldwide cases is it primarily spread through heterosexual transmission?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Better access to contraceptives in the West. Less contraceptives are used in homosexual activities because no risk of pregnancy, drug use because sharing needles."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do content creators need 100% calibrated displays? Aren't consumers going to buy non-calibrated, over-saturated displays anyway?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do content creators need 100% calibrated displays? Aren't consumers going to buy non-calibrated, over-saturated displays anyway?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You are right that most consumer displays have poor color accuracy, though more devices are starting to come with calibrated displays. Professional content creators don't use calibrated displays so that you and I see things correctly, but rather to ensure that when working as a team every member sees the same thing. If they were to all use consumer displays then, for instance, you might have someone who's display has more of a green tint and might adjust colors to compensate, but then it would look wrong to the rest of the team and it would be a constant back-and-forth."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"why is oil is so badly distributed on the planet ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is oil is so badly distributed on the planet ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Oil is primary of dead plankton, both animal and plant plankton. They fell onto the bottom of shallow seas where you had sediment like clay from the river that mixed with them. The result is that there is not a lot of oxygen down there so the plankton will not decompose there but get trapped. The fossils then need to be covered by more material so the geet deeper in the ground where the temperature is higher. It needs to be over 90 C to form oil but less than 160 C because you ger natural gas or graphite if it is very warm. This is the step then the biologic matter is turned or kerosene and then to oil or natural gas. The step takes millions of years in most situation The rock needs to be porous enough so the oil can flow up above the water and for larger reservoares with oil. You also need a layer above that the oils and gas cant just pass trou and get to the surface. So it is quite a specific condition where it happens. So you have a lot of oil some location that was shallow seas in the past with the right conditions. Just a forest on land will not form oil or even coal. You do get trapped biological matter in bogs where there is not enough oxygen for decomposition but not in a regular forest."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why haven't we returned to the Moon?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why haven't we returned to the Moon?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As mentioned every other time someone posts this question, it really doesn't get much cheaper. Nothing really changes the fact it requires an enormous amount of fuel to put a manned spacecraft into space, and there is no reason why another manned moon mission would make sense besides to say we've done it.. for a 7th time."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does a solid stream of water always eventually seem to break up into droplets as it's falling?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a solid stream of water always eventually seem to break up into droplets as it's falling?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Acceleration due to gravity. The water in the stream speeds up as it falls, just like anything else that's falling. So the bottom portion of the stream is moving faster than the portion that's just exited the sink. It outruns the water behind it and pulls away, forming its own droplets."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do antidepressants take so long to work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do antidepressants take so long to work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Many antidepressants are SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), which is to say they are medications that block the destruction of serotonin which is naturally produced in the brain. This acts to increase the amount of serotonin in the brain but even though the SSRI may act basically immediately it takes time for the body to produce more serotonin to reach therapeutic levels."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do pickles and cucumbers glow red under ultraviolet light?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do pickles and cucumbers glow red under ultraviolet light?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hol up, since when has this happened and why has no one informed me until now. I know if you put an electric charge into a pickle it glows but this is new to me."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does autorotation allow hellicopters to land safely?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does autorotation allow hellicopters to land safely?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The first thing to understand is that helicopters do not control the lift by increasing or decreasing the speed of the props. Once the props get up to speed, they stay that speed throughout the flight of the helicopter. Instead, the pitch of the rotor blades changes, which increases or decreases the amount of lift they generate. Helicopters even adjust how much lift the rotors generate depending on which side of the helicopter they're on, which is how the helicopter moves around. When the engine fails, the pitch of the props is changed so that instead of generating lift, they catch air and use that to drive them to spin, not unlike a pinwheel in the wind. This helps slow the helicopter down a little bit, because you're intentionally creating drag against the props. But there's also a neat trick of aerodynamics that allows the ends of the props to continue producing some small amount of lift, even as the rest of the prop is catching air instead. More importantly, you're building momentum in the rotor. You're trying to slow down, yes, but not enough to survive the crash. You're really trying to get the rotor to spin as fast as possible. Then, at the last possible moment before you hit the ground, you quickly change the pitch of the props so that instead of using drag to spin up, they do the reverse again and produce lift. That won't last very long, since creating lift creates drag *against* the rotation of the prop and converting that energy into moving the air. But when you do it right, you can create *just* enough lift that the helicopter can slow down enough to make a safe landing. [Smarter Every Day on autorotation]( URL_1 ) [Smarter Every Day helicopter series]( URL_0 ) *As far as I know*, the tail is connected to the main rotor with a mechanical linkage, so if the rotor is being spun - by the engine or by the \"pinwheel\" effect of autorotation - the tail will also be spinning. EDIT: typos and I accidentally a word Edit: check out u\/HeliDaz's explanation below for a more technical explanation of the maneuver!"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How have we reached the conclusion that the universe is infinite?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How have we reached the conclusion that the universe is infinite?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Here, there's a big difference between our *observable* universe and our *entire* universe. The observable universe is definitely finite. See, there is a maximum speed that anything can travel (the speed of light). This applies not only light, but any other particles and even gravity are bounded by this speed limit. From observations that we have made, we know that the universe had a starting point, the big bang. Since there has only been a finite amount of time for far away stuff to travel to us, we can only see so much of our universe and as we look farther away, we are actually seeing older and older things. For somewhat complicated reasons, we can't see *all* the way back to the big bang, but we can get pretty close, but from our perspective, this \"wall\" is a finite (though very large!) distance away. Now, beyond that, we don't know for sure whether or not the universe is infinite, but it looks like it is. Basically, there are three options and we can reframe each in terms of the curvature of the universe: our universe has no boundary and keeps going on forever (zero curvature), the universe has a definite boundary (negative curvature, though you could never actually reach this boundary), or the universe wraps back on itself like a sphere (positive curvature). We can get information about the curvature from the wall I talked about earlier (called the cosmic microwave background). It seems to look like the measurements we make are consistent with zero curvature, but some assumptions have to be made and so there is still some debate as to how definitive these results are."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do USB-Sticks get hot when you transfer data?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do USB-Sticks get hot when you transfer data?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The sticks contain a little chip that is able to store data. In order to write or read data from it, a current must pass through the chip. When a current passes through something, there is some resistance, meaning some of the energy of that current is lost as heat. This is the same for all electronics and it's why computers have fans to cool their components."} {"category":"Economics","question":"When many countries simultaneously enter economic recession during global financial crises, where does all the lost money go?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When many countries simultaneously enter economic recession during global financial crises, where does all the lost money go?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s important to understand the difference between \u201cmoney\u201d and \u201cvalue\u201d Let\u2019s say you have a Ferrari worth $180,000. You don\u2019t have $180,000 in cash, you have a car that\u2019s on your asset books with that value. But what if you decide to sell it and nobody calls? Now what\u2019s it worth? Nothing? That\u2019s what happens in a market downtown - people who were spending money stop for various reasons and the value of assets starts to drop. Maybe you could sell the car for $50,000 and take a \u201closs\u201d of $130,000 on the books. You didn\u2019t physically lose a briefcase of cash, but because the buyers were suddenly gone, you\u2019ve lost value."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What causes those very short extreme bursts of dizzyness we sometimes randomly experience?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What causes those very short extreme bursts of dizzyness we sometimes randomly experience?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I'm fairly certain that most people do not experience them at all. If you get them more than very rarely you should probably be consulting a physician. There are many possible causes of vertigo, even in short bursts. Most of those causes are not good things."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it that face masks only protect others from our droplets, but won't protect the wearer, if it's the same barrier?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that face masks only protect others from our droplets, but won't protect the wearer, if it's the same barrier?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A mask stops you from sending your own droplets out into the world. What it doesn't do is stop you from touching your face with hands that touched what others sent their droplets onto. If also doesn't protect your eyes. So people need to wear masks to protect everyone!"} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do you track the value of a currency? How do you know how much is a dollar really worth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do you track the value of a currency? How do you know how much is a dollar really worth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends how you want to track it. If you want to track it in country over time (the value of a dollar today vs. the value of a dollar at some point in the past), you use the Consumer Price Index (CPI), where the price of a set basket of goods used by a large number of American households is tracked over time. This is done, in the US, by the Bureau of Labor Statistics if you really want to dig into it. The alternative, is, as you suggested, to compare it to other currencies. Typically, when you hear on the news that the dollar is weakening or strengthening, that's what they're referring to. This has more to do with import\/export than anything else (unless you invest in the currency markets). If the relative value of a dollar drops in comparison to the euro, American import companies that sell European goods have to exchange more dollars to get the same number of euros to buy European goods to import, which means when you go to buy them, they cost more."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is nitro cold brew and how is it different from regular cold brew?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is nitro cold brew and how is it different from regular cold brew?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Regular Cold Brew is made with ground coffee and cold water soaking in the refrigerator for 12 to 24 hours. It would be filtered before serving. Nitro Cold Brew is regular Cold Brew being served from a tap that uses Nitrogen to pressurize the keg and lines. Nitrogen makes much smaller bubbles than CO2. This gives a Nitro Cold Brew a foamy layer of bubbles at the top."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What makes the Swiss banking system a safe haven for criminals and multi-millionaires?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What makes the Swiss banking system a safe haven for criminals and multi-millionaires?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The Swiss take privacy extremely seriously. You have to be involved in a very serious crime before the Swiss banks even acknowledge your account\u2019s existence to any government. Add in the extra layer that the US government would have to go thru the Swiss government and its even more secure. Swiss accounts have fallen out of favor in the past few decades as more countries have even more strict privacy laws and less taxes. There are a bunch of small island countries that are better suited for hiding money."} {"category":"Technology","question":"what is rollback in fighting games and how come it makes it feel like there isn\u2019t really any lag?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is rollback in fighting games and how come it makes it feel like there isn\u2019t really any lag?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you play online it takes time for control inputs to get from player A to player B and vice versa. In a rollback scenario, player B's computer is constantly trying to predict what input it will receive from player A and animates the game based on the predicted inputs. When correct, it appears lagless. When incorrect, the game basically skips a small amount to correct the mistake. So for example: Payer A presses X (punch) at time 0.00s Player B's computer predicts player A pressed Y (kick) at time 0.00s. So now player B's computer starts to animate a kick. At time 0.1s B receives the command player A pressed X at time 0.00. Player B's computer \"rolls back\" the game 0.1 seconds, works out what would have happened if a punch was thrown over those 0.1 seconds, and then skips forward again to adjust the game for the actual input. From player B's point of view, half way through a kick, it changed to a punch. However player B was able to press block, which is equally valid on a punch or a kick, so in this case the incorrect cue from the prediction algorithm was still helpful. When lag is low (say 30ms) this isn't noticeable, but when high, the quality of the predictions becomes important and artefacts like teleportation become apparent. To further improve things some games include a small amount of input lag, say 20ms. This lag is always there, and it's always constant so you're used to it. This 20ms input lag gives the game a little window for the game to \"catch up\" in during a rollback event."} {"category":"Economics","question":"when it comes to production of consumer products, why do some technologically advanced products go down in price after a while but some products seem to only go up in price?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n when it comes to production of consumer products, why do some technologically advanced products go down in price after a while but some products seem to only go up in price?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Depends on the market segment. For internet service, the cost of doing business hasn't decreased dramatically: laying down and maintaining a wide physical infrastructure still costs a ton of money, and consumers demand more and more as time goes on. For vehicles, the market doesn't favorite low end new cars: the second hand market competes strongly with the lower end new market, and profit margins on new cars in the low end aren't enormous, and increasing emmisions\/efficiency\/safety standards and mandatory equipment drives up costs a lot."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are cartridge based video game systems inferior to disk based ones? Also, why did cartridge based system not have load times?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are cartridge based video game systems inferior to disk based ones? Also, why did cartridge based system not have load times?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They are larger and hold less data. They are also significantly more expensive to produce. They don't have load times because there's no moving parts. It's solid state memory. No laser needing to read a disk."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What keeps our internal organs in their place?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What keeps our internal organs in their place?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is almost no \"air\" or open space in your body except for in your lungs. Your bones, muscles, cartilage, and layers of fat keep everything in roughly the same place."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do scientists calculate half lives for the elements that have super long ones that we can\u2019t observe?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do scientists calculate half lives for the elements that have super long ones that we can\u2019t observe?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We can't observe it decay by half but we can observe it decay a little bit and with some math we can then figure out what the half life must have been to go from Quantity A to Quantity B over X days If you start with a hunk of a material and measure how many particles per second are coming off of it, then wait a week and measure it again. You can rearrange the standard half life equation (Amount at time t = Initial Amount * (1\/2) ^( t\/half life) ) to get HalfLife = 1 week * ln(2)\/ln(First Amount\/Amount at 1 week) For things with really longggg half lives you might need to measure over a couple months to get a big enough difference between the two amounts to get a reliable answer, but the point of modeling things with math in science is so you don't need to observe a complete event to know how it will turn out"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Light is the fastest thing in the universe but WHY does light travel\/move at all?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Light is the fastest thing in the universe but WHY does light travel\/move at all?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The exact answer to this question is actually pretty complicated, depending on how precise of an answer you want, and we have to have some understanding of field theories (either classical or quantum). Depending on which theory you are looking at, light travels through either an electromagnetic field or what's known as a massless gauge field. The names aren't important for being as broad as I'm going to be, so I'm just going to call it a field. So, imagine this field is a pond. If you poke the pond, it is going to send ripples out from where you poked it. These ripples do not immediately permeate the entire pond, but have to travel from point A to point B. However, they can only move so fast because of the properties of the water. Just the same way, when you excite the field (there are various ways of doing this) the ripples are now your light. Because of the properties of the field, the light can only travel so fast and so it takes a finite amount of time for the light to get from the excitation to another location."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Sometimes lightning strikes, kind of pulses, and then seems to disappear, but then reappears a second later in the same exact squiggly shape- what's going on there? (Clarifying source video included in comments, if that's allowed)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Sometimes lightning strikes, kind of pulses, and then seems to disappear, but then reappears a second later in the same exact squiggly shape- what's going on there? (Clarifying source video included in comments, if that's allowed)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The initial pulse is a smaller amount of energy sort of 'feeling' it's way through the atmosphere, trying to find the lowest resistance path to ground (the Earth). Once part of it reaches ground, then the bulk of the current can immediately follow that path, and that's when you see the big flash as a ton of energy discharges."} {"category":"Economics","question":"what happens when inflation gets so large that even for the strongest currency, a loaf of bread costs 100s of whatever?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what happens when inflation gets so large that even for the strongest currency, a loaf of bread costs 100s of whatever?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"People start burning the cash or finding other practical uses for it because the paper it is made of is worth more than its face value. Also the economy typically collapses and you see a lot of barter."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why does low voter turnout help Republicans?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does low voter turnout help Republicans?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Traditional voting happens on a Tuesday, at a polling station that typically closes at 7pm local time. So, in order to vote, you must be able to get yourself to a polling station, and you must be able to do so on a weekday. If you're a white collar worker with your own car, it's probably not a big deal to duck out for a long lunch, or leave a little early on Election Day in order to vote. But if your job is to man the cash register at a fast food joint, and you're working two of those jobs just to get by, the boss may not let you take off, particularly if you rely on public transport and need to take a bus transfer or two to get to the polling station. So in this situation, the more affluent find it easy to vote, and the poor are less likely to be able to vote. And the more affluent are more likely to vote Republican, while the poor are more likely to vote Democrat. Thus \"getting out the vote\" often means getting those previously unable to vote to a point where they can vote, which tends to favor Democrats."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If our body's natural reaction to fight an infection is to raise its temperature, why can't it do the same to prevent hypothermia?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If our body's natural reaction to fight an infection is to raise its temperature, why can't it do the same to prevent hypothermia?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Our body does use the same techniques to try to raise the body temperature in hypothermia as in fevers. The problem with hypothermia is not that your body will not raise its temperature but that it is physically unable to do so no matter how hard it tries."} {"category":"Physics","question":"why are the dials of my watch brighter in the dark if I don't look at them directly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why are the dials of my watch brighter in the dark if I don't look at them directly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Answer: It is probably because of the way your retina works. In the center of your field of view, you mostly have cones which are sensible to colored light and see precisely but struggle to see in the dark. The further you go from that, the more rods you have. Tods see light in black and white, but are very sensitive to it\u2019s intensity, they also give a more blurry picture. So it\u2019s most likely linked to you rods seeing the contrast of the dials better, thus you seeing them more when you mostly use rods"} {"category":"Technology","question":"how do Android phones get slower over the years?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do Android phones get slower over the years?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The phone do not get slower but is is the software that is updated and newer version in general have more feature and require higher performance\/memory on the phone. New software and OS is designed to use You often add more and more software where som it it run in the background so the phone have more to do more. So use a some app to see what program is active in the background and uninstall them if you no longer use them or just disable them in the apps settings. This can have a hug effect as you free up both memory and cpu usage. Other reason is that your baseline of speed is different and you might compare to other faster phones. If the storage on the phone is full it might preformae slower so remove apps you do not use and put photos, videos etc on a computer and in the cloud. If you did a factory restore to the original software it would be as fast as when it was new but slow down when the software was updated. & #x200B; The thing that age in a phone is the battery and the capacity and max current drop over time. So it might be the case that the the phone cant run the CPU at as high frequency with a old battery especially if it is not fully charged. Apple have done it because som old phones they could shut down when the battery was at 40% but with the change the could use all power in the battery but at lower speed. It might be the case that some android phones does that do So old bad batteries might reduce the performance on a phone but I am not sure that any Android phone does that. It is the only change that would not fixed by a software."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do scientists work out how hot a sun is?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do scientists work out how hot a sun is?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Generally, we fit a function (called a black body function) to how bright it is in different kinds of light. The brighter it is at a wavelength, the closer it is to that average wavelength, and the average wavelength is directly controlled by the temperature"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are condoms only 98% effective with perfect use?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are condoms only 98% effective with perfect use?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Just to add, percentages on birth control don't mean what you'd think they mean. 99% means out of 100 couples having sex all year, 1 of them will get pregnant using only that product, so it's going to be better than 99\/100 times. Along with what you listed, they can also go bad due to age and where they are stored when not being used. If they dry out in the package, they'll tear."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do some pimples seem to take weeks to fully develop and come to a head, while others appear within a matter of a couple hours?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some pimples seem to take weeks to fully develop and come to a head, while others appear within a matter of a couple hours?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on the layer of skin that is affected. The deeper the pimple is, the longer it takes to reach the surface."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it such a difficult task to locate and rescue a malfunctioning submarine at sea and why can't all the sailors escape safely via the torpedo tubes in pressure suits?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it such a difficult task to locate and rescue a malfunctioning submarine at sea and why can't all the sailors escape safely via the torpedo tubes in pressure suits?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The ocean is *big*. Incredibly big. And huge swaths of the sea floor haven't been mapped. You're talking thousands upon thousands of square miles to look through, except you can't just look. You have to use sonar instead. Is that roundish bump that showed up on the sonar the nose of a submarine? Or is it just a roundish rocky bump on the bottom of the sea floor? Is the sub not in this area, or was it just in the shadow of a rocky underwater ledge so your sonar couldn't hit it? Is the submarine even still in one piece, or is it in pieces? How many pieces? Did the pieces settle on the bottom together, or did an ocean current drag different sections miles apart before they hit the bottom? Did the submarine continue on a straight course, or did it get caught in a current? Did the engines or props or rudder malfunction, so that it veered off course? When? By how far? You're basically looking for a needle in a haystack after a storm blew your haystack all over the place and also you're not allowed to look for it, you just have to poke around with your finger until you find it, and also it could just as easily be in your neighbor's haystack. There aren't pressure suits on board. You can't carry enough for every sailor, and it would be impractical and expensive to carry the right kinds, especially since at some of the depths a sunken sub would end up in, a suit wouldn't help you. There are hatches and small oxygen tanks and flotation devices to get you out, but you have to get to those. There's no guarantee that the sub isn't already flooded in the corridors between you and any of those things. Sure, you could open up the torpedo tubes, *if* you are close enough to them, *if* that room isn't already flooded, *if* you can get the tubes open, *if* the sub hasn't already sunk too deep for you to escape without help..."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How do extremely high cost of living cities (San Fran, Sydney, LA, Tokyo, etc.) have people working in low paying sectors like fast food? How can anyone justify such low pay with such high cost of living? Why isn't there a breaking point?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do extremely high cost of living cities (San Fran, Sydney, LA, Tokyo, etc.) have people working in low paying sectors like fast food? How can anyone justify such low pay with such high cost of living? Why isn't there a breaking point?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Those people don't live in the city they work in. I know people who commute 2-3 hrs to work at call centers and don't make much more than minimum wage"} {"category":"Economics","question":"- what is Revenue Recognition?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - what is Revenue Recognition?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a very good question and you will probably get a lot of different answers, which is why it's an issue. But at it's most basic level. In an accrual system when and how much of a sale happens (increase revenue) is not always clear. That matters because when you pull income statement for a period that revenue may or may not be in it. Which means the overall profit\/loss of the report will be under\/overstated. Lets say we make a deal. I'm going to sell you 100 Widgets @ $10 = $1000. When do I say that I made $1,000? When we make the deal? When you pay me? When I give you the widgets? What if I say \"any of these you don't want you can send back to me\", knowing full well that you don't have the capacity for 100 widgets. Is that a real sale since I know you are sending some back? If you are trying to make your company look good, you want to push revenue forward so that it looks better now. If you are trying to avoid taxes, you want to push revenue backwards so you made less money now. The rules around those questions, are revenue recognition."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If a surface that reflects all wavelengths of incoming light appears white, then why does a mirror not simply look white?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If a surface that reflects all wavelengths of incoming light appears white, then why does a mirror not simply look white?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are two types of reflection, specular reflection, and diffuse reflection. Specular reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and this allows for the formation of images. Diffuse reflection is when light is reflected and undergoes scattering, so no image can be formed and the result is a white colour of the object in question."} {"category":"Other","question":"What's the difference between crimes where someone has to press charges and crimes where you're simply arrested no matter what?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between crimes where someone has to press charges and crimes where you're simply arrested no matter what?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Criminal offenses (crimes) are prosecuted by the state, and do not require anybody to press charges. However, in certain cases, it is impossible to convict without the victim cooperating (testifying). In those cases, if they refuse to testify (aka do not want to press charges), the charges are generally dropped. On the other hand, there are also civil offenses. These can be brought by anybody. In many cases, both criminal and civil offenses occur. For example, if somebody breaks into your house and steals stuff, they committed criminal offenses of breaking and entering, as well as others, which the state should prosecute them for, but you can also sue them for damage to\/loss of property."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does a company like Space X make money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a company like Space X make money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They offer launch services to the government and private companies and charge money for those services."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"How do we develop crushes on people?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we develop crushes on people?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Lots of different reasons. Most influential factors include: - Proximity: You\u2019re more likely to have a crush on someone who you have multiple classes with each day than you are to have a crush on someone who lives across the country. - Pheromones: Chemical signals, so to speak, that indicate a good genetic match or a person who is ovulating, to name a couple examples (there\u2019s been a study where people use unscented soaps and deodorants and wear the same white t-shirt to bed every night for a week and then different people come to the lab and sniff the shirts to decide which person they find most attractive based on pheromones more or less. Heterosexual men prefer the shirts of women who are ovulating, and also like the smell of shirts worn by homosexual men the least) - Similar Levels of Attractiveness: This applies a bit more to the kind of person you actually end up in a relationship in as opposed to a crush. But a person tends to pursue people who are about the same level of attractiveness as they themselves are. This way, you protect your ego because you perceive the crush to be less likely to reject you. There are obviously exceptions to this (20 year old women dating wealthy 70 year old men, as an extreme example) - Admirable Qualities: That person has some sort of qualities that you would like to adopt in yourself or associate with your internal image of your ideal self. A person who is socially awkward and anxious and wishes they weren\u2019t, for example, might have a secret crush on the outgoing, friendly person who strikes up conversations with the people who look like they could use a friend. This has a limitation: our egos come first - we don\u2019t want people who we perceive as being so much better than ourselves that we feel inferior. - Time: The more time you spend with a person (similar to proximity), the more you start to really pay attention to a person. Think of the experiment where complete strangers stare into each other\u2019s eyes for minutes at a time, and by the end of it, they feel a bit more comfortable with them even if they never exchange words. There are a looooot more but these are the most commonly observed in lab settings Source: Psychology of Relationships and Intimacy class in college; also have a degree in psychology. Edit: Pressed enter between each bullet for better readability"} {"category":"Physics","question":"how do ceiling fans collect dust while the fan is on?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do ceiling fans collect dust while the fan is on?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The surface of the blades isn't entirely without friction, and dust comes in different sizes and forms. As the blades turn, dust small enough to fit gets trapped onto small cavities, ridges and hooks of this surface. The more dust that gets stuck this way the easier it becomes for other bits of dust to get stuck to the existing bits, creating layers. Everything that moves also build up a charge of static electricity, which makes matter such as dust cling to it easier. The compact layers of dust that forms on them is why it appears so dark when wiping fan-blades."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does the weighing scale measure body fat?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the weighing scale measure body fat?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"By sending a small electric current trough your body. Manufacturer will pretend it will encounter a difference resistance whether it encounter fat, bones or muscles, which is true, but not accurate at all. Truth is, it simply doesn't work and is just marketing"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is it so difficult to accurately determine height in the unidentified deceased?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it so difficult to accurately determine height in the unidentified deceased?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"People slouch, and carry themselves differently. Someone can look (for identification purposes) a lot shorter then just their bones lined up. So 5 foot 6 would be great posture, 5 foot would be very poor posture."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Is there an advantage of any particular blood group over the other?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there an advantage of any particular blood group over the other?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"O-type blood provides a bit of resistance to malaria. Also, some blood types are much more valuable for blood donation. O- blood can be donated to 100% of the U.S. population, and O+ blood can be donated to 84%, so people with those blood types are encouraged to donate blood as much as they can. On the other hand, people with AB- or AB+ blood are universal plasma donors, so they're encouraged to donate plasma instead of blood."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"- Why drive at right angles when encountering a tornado?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why drive at right angles when encountering a tornado?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If a tornado isn\u2019t moving laterally relative to you, it\u2019s either going towards or away. And you have no way of knowing; so driving at a right angle relative to the tornado will allow you to see which direction it\u2019s moving."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do the edges of flat panes of glass appear to be green and not transparent when viewed directly and not at an angle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do the edges of flat panes of glass appear to be green and not transparent when viewed directly and not at an angle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because it's the actual color of the glass, it has more contrast because you are seeing the whole glass when you look at it at an angle"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"If heat comes from the sun then why it is cold at the top of the mountains? Shouldn't it be hot because it is closer to the sun?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If heat comes from the sun then why it is cold at the top of the mountains? Shouldn't it be hot because it is closer to the sun?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It\u2019s a matter of scale, compared to other factors. So yes it is closer to the sun, maybe a few thousand metres closer, but the sun is 93 million miles away, so you would expect, without any other factors, for it to be maybe a tiny amount hotter. A much more influential factor is air pressure, if you pressurise any gas it gets hotter, and air pressure at the top of a mountain is much lower then at sea level, which means colder!"} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is there such a prevalent belief that inflation will always trend upwards?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there such a prevalent belief that inflation will always trend upwards?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's because we expect economic growth, and mild inflation is healthy for economic growth. Deflation *can* occur, but it's never a good thing. Inflation is healthy because it encourages investment, which grows the economy. If you believe that the cash will be worth more in a year than it is now, you're not going to buy *anything* that you don't absolutely have to. You're going to hold on to all of your cash. If, on the other hand, you know that the money will be worth a little less next year, you're far more likely to invest it, with the hope and expectation that your investment growth outpaces inflation."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why would big CEOs funnel money into hiring new employees\/investing in local infrastructure\/supporting the economy for tax write offs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why would big CEOs funnel money into hiring new employees\/investing in local infrastructure\/supporting the economy for tax write offs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> If I know I'm going to be taxed, why go out and spend more money to be taxed less? Wouldn't it just be redundant? If you spend money, you get something for it. If you get taxed, the money is gone. If the government was gonna tax my $1 unless I spent it, I could spend it on a hot dog, and now I'm down one dollar but I have a hot dog. If they just taxed it, I'd be down one dollar and have *no* hot dog."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How did Romans tell the difference between iron pyrite and real gold?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did Romans tell the difference between iron pyrite and real gold?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's been known for thousands of years that gold is mostly inert. It's one of the reasons it was valuable, as gold now would still be gold in a thousand years, making it perfect for any application where you needed a material that lasts forever. Pyrite, on the other hand, doesn't have this property. Therefore, the test was to drip a bit of acid on the metal in question. If nothing happened, it was gold. If it began to bubble or change color, it wasn't."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What is a magic eraser and why does it work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a magic eraser and why does it work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's melamine foam, which is a really hard material made into a sponge. It's basically really fine sandpaper, so be careful what you clean with it (shiny things like mirrors or chrome will dull after a few uses)."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are there an equal number of men and women in the world?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are there an equal number of men and women in the world?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There aren't necessarily, it's just a statistical average. In fact, looks like \"The Global sex ratio is 1.018. It means that we have slightly more men then women\" according to [here]( URL_0 )."} {"category":"Biology","question":"When you are very tired, you suddenly become not tired anymore and can't fall asleep even though you should. Why?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When you are very tired, you suddenly become not tired anymore and can't fall asleep even though you should. Why?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hm. I know that babies and young children get overtired to the point of not being able to sleep because their fatigue becomes overpowering enough to activate a stress response, therefore making it harder to calm down and get to sleep. I would assume the relationship between physical\/mental fatigue and stress response system works the same in adults."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why are most pills cylindrical: Aside from being easier to swallow, wouldn\u2019t a powder form work best?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are most pills cylindrical: Aside from being easier to swallow, wouldn\u2019t a powder form work best?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I work in pharmaceutical QC and have been involved in testing tablets. It's a easy shape to form in molds, when you're medium is a powder. You do get other shapes, but the further you move away from disks or cylinders, the more precise you have to be with temperatures and pressures used in the forming molds. Tablets have to pass a friability (breakability) test. The tablets are tumbled in a drum and you can only lose a certain amount of surface area before failing the test. Shapes with more hard edges tend to fracture and break at these hard edges, and are more prone to failing. So manufacturers tend to keep to round shapes. Sachets of powder have been used, but suffer from two main issues. They tend not to be as stable in terms of shelf life. The whole surface area of loose powder is exposed to factors that may degrade the product. They deliver a full dose fast, so are unsuitable for timed release medicine. Most tablet or capsule forms are carefully formulated to deliver the dose over a specific time frame. From minutes for some painkillers or angina meds, to 24 hours or more for meds used to manage chronic conditions."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do pirates crack game?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do pirates crack game?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on the game, or rather what type of DRM (anti-piracy software) the game is using. In the old days, all you had to do to crack a game was figure out how CD keys were created for it and then make you own the same way. Later on, companies started connecting their singleplayer offline games to online servers, so you had to figure out what the game and servers said to each other and copy it."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Are there any animals that create music for pleasure and not mating purposes? if not, why do humans do it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Are there any animals that create music for pleasure and not mating purposes? if not, why do humans do it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I won't claim this is the original or only cause but I think the ability to synchronize work is a big part. We don't use it much today but it used to be that any time a big group got together to harvest a field, sail a ship, etc. we sang a lot to get everyone working together at the same rhythm. And our ability to work together is one of our fundamental strengths."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why is there such a sudden boom of ad marketing and why isn\u2019t there more attention drawn to fighting against it? i.e. buying a thousand dollar Samsung TV and still seeing ads on the bottom, the doubling of YouTube and Spotify ads, social media censoring nsfw to appeal to advertisers","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there such a sudden boom of ad marketing and why isn\u2019t there more attention drawn to fighting against it? i.e. buying a thousand dollar Samsung TV and still seeing ads on the bottom, the doubling of YouTube and Spotify ads, social media censoring nsfw to appeal to advertisers","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's always been a lot of ads. The thing is that until recently they were spread across many mediums: billboards, radio, newspapers\/magazines, flyers, TV commercials, etc. But public attention has shifted, or rather pooled, to a single spot: the internet. The internet and its varying components (social media, video streaming) command the biggest audience around. And as technology continues to advance, and as the developing world continues to gain access, the internet will increasingly offer the best return on investment for advertisers. Why pay for an add in a newspaper that only has a 10,000 person subscription when you can pay the same or less for a YouTube add that reaches millions? Even with adblock being a thing these social media ads must get many times more views than any physical ad. As for these internet services themselves: ad revenue is lucrative. Its likely the main revenue source for many tech an internet companies. They're more than happy to accept as many ads as advertisers want to buy, will cram them anywhere they can, and will do whatever the advertisers ask it it means getting more. I'm sure too many ads would begin to drive users away, but that threshold is fairly high. And users will only leave if there is somewhere else comparable to go (IE: the YouTube situation)."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does wetting my fingers help me to separate plastic sheets?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does wetting my fingers help me to separate plastic sheets?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Water is a very poor lubricant - on the molecular level it's quite sticky. It works on slip-n-slides only because the objects sliding around, people, are big enough to easily overcome the molecular adhesion (although grease would still make a much better slip-n-slide!). On smaller scales water is sticky: pardon the example, but most men know this from trying to use water as a lubricant to jack off. This is due to molecular adhesion between the water and the wetted surfaces - this adhesion is evident in the fact that non-porous surfaces get wet at all, rather than the water just rolling off."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If centripetal force acts towards the center of rotation on a body rotating around another body, how come the faster something spins around an axis, the more it seems to be pushed up against the circumference of that circle? I.e. washing machine spin cycle, gravitron, etc.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If centripetal force acts towards the center of rotation on a body rotating around another body, how come the faster something spins around an axis, the more it seems to be pushed up against the circumference of that circle? I.e. washing machine spin cycle, gravitron, etc.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Imagine you are swinging a ball around your head on a string. If you were to let go of the string, the ball would continue on in an initially, straight line, at the same velocity as it was swingin around your head. On the left side in [this animation]( URL_0 ) it shows the situation from the perspective of someone standing still on the ground - the ball (green circle) is being swung around your head, and a centripetal force exerted on it by the rope (red arrow) bends the straight line it would \"want\" to follow due to its inertia into a circle. When it is released, that force no longer acts, and so it is free to continue on its straight-line path. One the right side, you instead see things from the perspective that rotates with the ball. Again, there is the centripetal force, because that is actually a real force, but because in this reference frame, the ball is initially stationary, a second, fictitious (called so because it only arises due to the choice of reference frame) force arises, the centrifugal force, which cancels out the centripetal force. Once the ball is released, that centrifugal force is no longer opposed, and it accelerates the ball outwards. One thing to note is that, despite the centrifugal force being called fictitious, both ways of viewing things are equally valid, and they will make equal predictions about the relative motion of different objects. It is just that usually, doing the math in a nonrotating reference frame is a lot easier. TL;DR: In the nonrotating view, something spinning \"wants\" to continue moving in a straight line (and thus out from the circle it is spinning in) due to its momentum (which gets bigger the faster it is spinning), and is prevented from doing so by the centripetal force. In the rotating view, something spinning is held in place by a balance of the real centripetal force and a fictitious centrifugal force."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How does CGI work? Do you have to draw whatever it is frame by frame?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does CGI work? Do you have to draw whatever it is frame by frame?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"CGI\" is an incredibly broad term. It is imagery produced by computers, which can be anything from cartoon animation, 3D stills and animations, digital effects in conventional movies, and a bunch of stuff I can't think of right now. All that said typically a major benefit of using computers is that you don't have to manually draw every frame. A cartoon animation for example might be able to take a line an animator placed in two different locations and extrapolate where it should be in intervening frames. Or a 3D animation uses the models\/textures\/paths produced by the animation team and the computer renders how it actually looks. \"CGI\" certainly isn't just a bunch of guys painstakingly painting every pixel on their own."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is California considered dry when it is right next to the ocean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is California considered dry when it is right next to the ocean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Weather patterns mean that the majority of rain and storms that come from the ocean don't hit California, but instead go north to Oregon and Washington state. As such, California gets very little rain, despite being near the ocean. Which makes the state really dry."} {"category":"Other","question":"What is the difference between the phoneme \/th\/ (as in \u2018think\u2019) and \/th\/ (as in 'leather')?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between the phoneme \/th\/ (as in \u2018think\u2019) and \/th\/ (as in 'leather')?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The first is an unvoiced fricative, as in the sound can be sustained and the vocal folds don\u2019t vibrate. Air just passed through your mouth to make the sound. The second is a voiced fricative. Your vocal folds vibrate and you can sustain the sound on a specific pitch. The position of your tongue and teeth is the same for both sounds, but it\u2019s the unvoiced\/voiced aspects that make them different phonemes."} {"category":"Economics","question":"When construction makes it physically impossible to access a business, what happens to the business and employees? What about when it happens for over a year?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When construction makes it physically impossible to access a business, what happens to the business and employees? What about when it happens for over a year?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I have been watching the slow expansion work on the highway by my house. There was a gas station that you could only access from the high way and that access has been cut off for a year now. What happened to the owner and employees? I\u2019m thinking it will reopen eventually but does insurance cover something like that?"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"how counting cards in poker works?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how counting cards in poker works?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"As a general rule, you don't count cards in Poker - you count cards in BlackJack. This is because, unlike most card games, BlackJack does not shuffle the deck between hands. This means that knowledge of historic cards can give you important information about what cards remain in the deck for future hands. There are multiple ways to count cards, but they all boil down to remembering what cards you have seen in previous hands so you can extrapolate what cards are left in the deck. If you have seen are large number of low cards (2-6) then that tells you the remaining cards in the shoe (card holder the dealer uses) are weighted to higher cards (7-10s). This can influence how you choose to play your hand - if you are sitting on a 15, you may not want to hit if the shoe is heavy with high cards as you are likely to bust. Opposite logic would be true if the deck is heavy in low cards. Now, all that said, counting cards is very much against the rules of any casino and you _will_ be banned from the property if you are caught. Casinos also do things that reduce the impact of counting cards (playing with multiple decks and shuffling more often)."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it that we can\u2019t superduper charge our batteries with a super \u00abshock\u00bb like one of those heart rescue thingies and it\u2019ll be full?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that we can\u2019t superduper charge our batteries with a super \u00abshock\u00bb like one of those heart rescue thingies and it\u2019ll be full?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because you charge a battery by triggering a chemical reaction with an electrical current as the energy source. High voltage or amperage will just cause it to heat up too quickly and explode\/catch fire. Kind of like if you fill up a container with water through a sieve from a tap, the container will slowly fill up. If you instead try to use a fire hose, the water will most likely bounce right off the sieve, possibly destroying it and the container in the process."} {"category":"Physics","question":"When driving in rain, is it better to stay in a lane behind someone and follow the path of their tires, or be in a lane by yourself?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When driving in rain, is it better to stay in a lane behind someone and follow the path of their tires, or be in a lane by yourself?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Better how? As far as grip in the wet it doesn't really matter. The important things are to maintain a safe speed and following distance. Realize that it's going to take you longer to stop, and that hard braking is going to be harder to control, so you need to give the car in front plenty of room. Also tires. They are the most important safety feature on your car. They should have good tread and be properly inflated."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What happens when photons are absorbed or emitted from atoms?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens when photons are absorbed or emitted from atoms?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The photon is not really a carrier of energy. It is the energy itself. A photon has no mass, there is nothing that could disappear to begin with."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"Are spiders webs and the cobwebs you'd see in old abandoned places different things? How are cobwebs formed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Are spiders webs and the cobwebs you'd see in old abandoned places different things? How are cobwebs formed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"\"Spider web\" is typically used to refer to a web that is apparently still in use (i.e. clean), whereas \"cobweb\" refers to abandoned (i.e. dusty) webs."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How come when you do nothing all day you're more tired than when you're productive?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How come when you do nothing all day you're more tired than when you're productive?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hormones, or signals for your body, require a stimulus to be activated. The stimulus could be stress, fear, arousal, pain, motion, etc. When you sit around and do nothing, your body senses that it does not need to be alert, so nothing is stimulated and you stay tired. When you are actively engaged in doing something, your body becomes aware that you may need to be alert or ready for action, and it prompts you accordingly."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is it okay to take an iron supplement, but shaving bits of iron off of a bar and eating them is bad for you?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it okay to take an iron supplement, but shaving bits of iron off of a bar and eating them is bad for you?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Iron supplements are in powder form, made for digestion purposes. Iron shavings will rip your stomach and intestines before they'll dissolve."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What exactly are the crystals in an LCD an what happens to them when the screen is turned off?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly are the crystals in an LCD an what happens to them when the screen is turned off?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hey, i'm gonna try to explain this :) To understand how it works, you need to know light is like a wave, which vibrates in a fixed direction in space, it's called polarization. So when lights travel in a said direction, it can be polarized in any direction through the 360\u00b0 around it's line of propagation. Crystals in LCD screens are in a phase between solid and liquid matter. It's like a liquid matter, but that keeps the organization of its molecules in a very specific order. Imagine all the molecules are facing the same direction. That gives them the property to change (or not) the polarization of the light passing through it, depending of their excitation. So there is green, red and blue crystals in your screen, and the combination of the three make one pixel. The system of light emission emits light when your screen is ON, and it goes through 3 steps before exiting the screen and going to your eyes: 1. A horizontal polarizer, which force the incoming light to be horizontaly polarized 2. The colored crystal 3. A vertical polarizer, which only let through the light if its polarized verticaly. If the crystal is switched ON : the property of the specific liquid crystal changes the polarization of light to be vertical, so the light going through the crystal can exit the screen. It also has changed the color of the light depending of which crystal (blue, red or green) it was. If the crystal is switched OFF : there is an electricity current flow through the crystal and its property to change polarization is disabled. Therefore, the light passing through the crystal is still horizontaly polarized, and doesnt go through the vertical polarizer. When your screen is switched OFF, there is no electric current going through the crystals, so you can say they are all switched ON. But as there is no light emitted from the back of your screen, no light is exiting. If you want to know more : [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) EDIT : forgot the mention what happened when you shut down your screen."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What is the difference between soap and detergent?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the difference between soap and detergent?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The amount of surfactants are higher in laundry detergents. Surfactants are the molecules that bind with oil on one side and oil on the other. Dirt bonds with oil, oil bonds to the surfactant and water and since we remove the water the dirt and oil go with it. No matter which you use the important thing is always to rinse well."} {"category":"Other","question":"- Why does the European Union flag \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa only has 12 stars instead of 28 (the number of states in the eu)? what do the stars in the flag even mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why does the European Union flag \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa only has 12 stars instead of 28 (the number of states in the eu)? what do the stars in the flag even mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"12 is the symbol of completeness and unity and has nothing to do with the countries in the EU"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we make the \"ahhhh\" sound after drinking something refreshing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we make the \"ahhhh\" sound after drinking something refreshing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you're drinking, you're not breathing. You're trying to taste more of that refreshing drink while at the same time slowly building up CO2. When you stop drinking, you gentle exhale (possibly in the form of an audible \"ahh\") to get rid of the CO2."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":". Why is Fahrenheit such a weird unit? 32 and 212?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n . Why is Fahrenheit such a weird unit? 32 and 212?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"0 was used as an approximation of the temperature of a mixture of water, ice, and ammonium chloride salt with 100 being approximately human body temperature."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are patients given general anesthesia directed to count backwards by 7s? Why not just talk?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are patients given general anesthesia directed to count backwards by 7s? Why not just talk?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They make you do sevens? Last time they made me just count backward from 100. I think the counting is a marker, last time I got to a certain number and they said I needed more."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How old is mankind? And how do we know this?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How old is mankind? And how do we know this?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The oldest *homo sapiens* we've found are about 200,000 years old. The oldest fossils we've found of any species in the genus *Homo* are about 2 million years old. However, anthropologists and archaeologists make a distinction between *anatomically modern* humans and *behaviorally modern* humans. The former refers to human fossils we've found that are basically indistinguishable from humans who live today, and clearly not a different species. These are the 200,000 year-old ones. *Behavioral* modernity is believed to have started roughly (*very roughly*) 40-50,000 years ago, because that's the earliest evidence we've found of human \"culture\" in the form of intentional burial, specialized fireplaces, and arts and crafts (such as painting and jewelry). We know all of this from geologic dating: the older layers of rock and sediment are deeper in the Earth than the younger layers, so when we dig up fossils, we can tell how old they are by how deep down they were found. The oldest stuff will be very deep, the youngest stuff will be relatively close to the surface. Also radiocarbon dating, where scientists do some complex chemistry stuff to test a substance and see how much its carbon atoms have decayed. Since carbon decays at a regular rate, you can tell how old the stuff is by how much has decayed. When you start getting to more recent history, anthropologists use more complex methods of dating, by comparing artifacts based on the ages of previously-known artifacts. For example, the oldest crafted stone tools ever found are about 3.3 million years old, so whenever you find a stone tool, you can safely assume it is at least younger than that."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Since pi is infinite, is there any reason why it isn\u2019t possible for there to be a sequence of 1\u2019s and 0\u2019s that recount your whole life in text?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Since pi is infinite, is there any reason why it isn\u2019t possible for there to be a sequence of 1\u2019s and 0\u2019s that recount your whole life in text?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Only if pi is also normal( URL_0 ), which we don't know for sure. Many people speculate pi is a normal number. There is no known way to test is a given number is normal."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is Venus so bright and persistent in the night sky at the moment?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is Venus so bright and persistent in the night sky at the moment?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Stars emit their own light but (aside from the Sun) they're all so far away that they're still pretty dim. Everything else only reflects light. How bright those objects seem is a combination of 3 things: 1) How far that object is from the sun (the closer the brighter). 2) How far that object is from us (the closer the brighter). 3) How reflective that object is. When you factor all that stuff together Venus is the brightest (after the Sun and the Moon, of course)."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do games display a millisecond counter if the max frame rate of a normal display is 60?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do games display a millisecond counter if the max frame rate of a normal display is 60?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The clocks can count in milliseconds, the screen can't show it. So what you see is typically the time the frame started to draw."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how do open air markets keep fish fresh?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do open air markets keep fish fresh?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They have it on loads of ice in a special open topped unit that i think helps to keep it cool. Then they just try to shift all their stock on the same day"} {"category":"Biology","question":"What exactly is a mushroom? How do they differ from plants or animals? And what makes some safe for human consumption?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly is a mushroom? How do they differ from plants or animals? And what makes some safe for human consumption?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A mushroom is the fruiting body of some types of fungus. The reason the fungus living in the soil underground or in a rotting log grows them is to distribute spores which are like mushroom versions of seeds. Fungus are an entirely separate branch of life from plants and animals. Some of them develop a poison which can kill people who eat them. Some don't. Producing a poison takes extra energy, so ones that don't probably developed in areas where there were less animals likely to eat them."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"why do lithium ion batteries degrade over time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do lithium ion batteries degrade over time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I am a battery test engineer. There are many ways lithium batteries can degrade, but since this is ELI5, I'll stick to one main method. Batteries have a few main parts: the anode (negative), the cathode (positive), a separator between them, and some stuff in between (usually a liquid) that conducts ions. When you charge a battery, you are cramming a whole bunch of lithium ions into the anode, kind of like absorbing water into a sponge. When you use the battery, these ions flow to the cathode, generating electric current. Over time, by cramming the ions in and out of the anode and cathode, you begin to damage the 'sponge', so it can't hold as many ions any more. So your efficiency goes down."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does glass shatter when run under super hot water or in a dishwasher?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does glass shatter when run under super hot water or in a dishwasher?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When things heat up, they expand. This is true for most types of glass\u2020. When you heat something up unevenly, the heat can bend\/warp it. Glass no likey bending. The resulting stress can cause the glass to break. \u2020 Yes, they make special borosilicate glass with very low coefficient of thermal expansion, but I presume the OP is talking about ordinary glass."} {"category":"Physics","question":"What happens when all the matter in the universe (terrestrial bodies, gases, suns, everything) stop moving?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens when all the matter in the universe (terrestrial bodies, gases, suns, everything) stop moving?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well, first off, whoever clarified that is wrong. Space itself is increasing in size, and everything moving away from each other is a result of that, not the other way around. Say you have a half-inflated balloon and you draw 2 dots on it. Now you put more air into the balloon. The dots will be further apart despite not actually moving their own position, there's just more space in between them. This expansion is fueled by Dark Energy. We're not really sure what that is, other than that it's existence is necessary (because something is making space expand). Also, the expansion is accelerating, so it likely will never stop. What will happen is that things will get further and further away from each other as the space between them grows. Eventually, each galaxy will be far enough from any other galaxy that they won't be able to interact through gravity any more. Eventually, the galaxies will break up as the stars that make them up have more space in between them. The same will happen to solar systems, and eventually even the planets themselves. Everything solid will break up as the space between atoms will grow too far for them to be held together by subatomic forces. Eventually, atoms themselves will break apart for the same reason, and then the protons and neutrons will break up, until all that's left is a bunch of elementary particles. Another interesting thing is that, while nothing can move *through* space faster than light, space itself can expand faster than light. So as it accelerates, you'll be able to see less and less, since light won't be able to keep up with the expansion of the space between wherever it's coming from and whatever is trying to look at it. So everything will be totally dark."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does Aquaponics work to grow plants, but its possible to over water your potted plants and kill them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does Aquaponics work to grow plants, but its possible to over water your potted plants and kill them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"because an hydroponic system has fresh nutrient rich water constantly flowing over the roots and not stagnating in a pot which will cause the roots to rot. Most hydroponic systems wont constantly keep the roots submerged either."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"When faced with a totally new material how do chemists figure out what elements the material is made out of?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When faced with a totally new material how do chemists figure out what elements the material is made out of?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You place it in a spectrometer. Using different types(such as a flight of mass spectrometer, nmr, infrared spectrometer ) you can see what a substance is made out of, what percentages of different elements are in its composition and things like if whether(if it\u2019s an organic compound) what functional groups are attached to it (like hydroxyl, carbonyl or nitrile groups)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"why is it with all the technology that we have today that most security footage or CCTV still looks grainy and takes time to ID whoever the perp or vehicle is?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why is it with all the technology that we have today that most security footage or CCTV still looks grainy and takes time to ID whoever the perp or vehicle is?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Storing video in high quality formats takes lots of space and since security footage isn't that important minimizing cost is more important than quality picture. The footage is highly compressed which degrades quality, and often times the frame rate of security cameras is much less than normal video which means moving objects are more likely to be blurry."} {"category":"Economics","question":"If there are strong signs of an impending recession, are there actions that can be taken to fend it off?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If there are strong signs of an impending recession, are there actions that can be taken to fend it off?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Typically there are tools in the Fed's toolbox to do so, but Trump already has used many of them when the economy was good so there are fewer options available... typically things like lowering interest rates and tax cuts help, but interest rates are already super low so there isn't much room to drop them and tax cuts have already caused major issues with deficit since they're cutting so far into revenue (while, sadly but predictably, causing middle class to pay more in taxes while the wealthy and corporations save) and the government needs revenue to spend on increased demands for social services in recession."} {"category":"Biology","question":"can the immune system be both \"too strong\" and \"too weak\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n can the immune system be both \"too strong\" and \"too weak\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your doctor did a shitty job explaining it. One cause of vitiligo is when the immune system attacks your own cells. Which is less the case of your immune system being \"too strong\" and more so just attacking the wrong thing. It would be like explaining you cutting your finger with a knife as the knife being \"too sharp\" when really you just... cut your finger. Don't cut your finger."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How did countries like Hungary manage to fix their hyperinflation while Venezuela is still dealing with it after 10 years eventhough Hungary had it was worse in terms of inflation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did countries like Hungary manage to fix their hyperinflation while Venezuela is still dealing with it after 10 years eventhough Hungary had it was worse in terms of inflation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Hungary solved its crisis by abandoning the Pengo (old currency) in favor of the forint (new currency). They basically started over. The conversion rate was like 1 forint for every 400,000 quadrillion Pengo. This is obviously not an easy thing to do, and Venesuala has held out hope so far that it won't be neccessary."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why are human babies so dependent on their parents for so long but other animals babies can usually take care of themselves after only a brief period of time?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are human babies so dependent on their parents for so long but other animals babies can usually take care of themselves after only a brief period of time?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"URL_0 Basically human babies are born too early as compared to other mammals - there are a variety of theories as to why. Possibly to allow for greater brain growth as the size the brain can grow is constrained in utero."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do sink holes happen and how do they work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do sink holes happen and how do they work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sinkholes are mostly the cause of limestone structures being eroded by water, leading to the upper ground to cave in."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is anxiety and depression much more common today then in years past?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is anxiety and depression much more common today then in years past?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There\u2019s always been depression. They used to call it melancholia. Abraham Lincoln suffered from it and tons of poets."} {"category":"Other","question":"how come if I wanted to use a song in a video, I have to pay for the license, but if I wanted to use a poem\/excerpt\/article in a book (for example), I just have to cite it? Is the music industry fundamentally different in this way?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how come if I wanted to use a song in a video, I have to pay for the license, but if I wanted to use a poem\/excerpt\/article in a book (for example), I just have to cite it? Is the music industry fundamentally different in this way?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you want to use a poem, except, or article in your book you need to pay for a license. The real world is not college. There is no such thing as plagiarism in the real world. Either you have a license to use copyrighted work or you don't. If you don't have a license then you've committed copyright infringement. If you do have a license then you are allowed to use the work as per the terms of your license. Most commercial licenses do not require attribution so you usually do not need to include a citation. The only way around getting a license is if your use of something constitutes \"fair use\" within the legal (not internet) definition of that term. Fair use is an extremely limited range of uses that are unlikely to ever apply to you, as a normal human being. In fact, probably the only time you could cite fair use would be if you quoted a passage from a book in a paper that you turned in for a class and the publisher of the book somehow found out about that and tried to sue you. Fair use really only applies to newspapers and schools and only then when they are using brief excerpts of works for certain limited purposes related to their function. And again, if a fair use exception does apply then the newspaper\/school in question doesn't need to attribute or otherwise cite the work in question. And just because it always gets raised: \"parody\" in the context of fair use is an even more *extremely* narrow exception for works that mock a copyrighted work for political purposes. It is very difficult to actually produce a work that qualifies as parody. The vast, vast majority of what people call \"parody\" is actually legally considered to be satire and satire is explicitly not covered under fair use."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does plastic turn white when you bend it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does plastic turn white when you bend it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Plastics contain lots of very tiny holes. When the plastic is bent, the stress inside the plastic makes the holes get bigger. The empty holes in the plastic scatter the light, and so now the polymer reflects all colors of light instead of its original pigment, and so the plastic appears white."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"how does domain and range work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does domain and range work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Domain is the set (you can think of this as a list, I guess) of all possible inputs to a functions; range is the set of all possible outputs."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do some places with open doorways have a \"temperature wall\" where you can feel a massive change rather than a gradual difference?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some places with open doorways have a \"temperature wall\" where you can feel a massive change rather than a gradual difference?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You're probably thinking of one of [these]( URL_0 ). They're called an air curtain, and they're basically just a big blower fan (sometimes with heater). The idea is they blow a curtain of (possibly warm) air down to floor level, across the full width of the opening and their purpose is to keep the indoor, warmed air inside, and the outside air outside, and the point of them is to *stop* the two mixing. They also work to stop insects and other things like that making it inside. Installed properly, the cost of keeping one of those running is far better value than the cost it would take to keep an entire store heated but have a completely open doorway for the heat to rush out."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Is there a way to genetically modify Gum Leaves so that they are more nutritious for koalas? And maybe less flammable?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there a way to genetically modify Gum Leaves so that they are more nutritious for koalas? And maybe less flammable?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sure. E.g. we've modified rice so that it now produces Vitamin A. No reason we couldn't do the same for Koalas's Whether they'd still eat it is another matter. There are already foods we could give them that are better but they refuse to eat it as they don't think of it as food."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What does \"The price of data exceeded the price of oil\" mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What does \"The price of data exceeded the price of oil\" mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That headline is just clickbait. All it means is that the biggest companies in the world are now data-based operations (Alphabet, Amazon, Microsoft, etc) rather than resource extractors like Exxon and Shell."} {"category":"Technology","question":"When old movies say \"Filmed in Technicolor\", what exactly does that mean?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When old movies say \"Filmed in Technicolor\", what exactly does that mean?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It was one camera that had several mirrors in it. Those mirrors reflected the image in front of the camera down 3 different channels. Each of those channels had a filter on it that only allowed one color of light through: red, green, and blue. After passing through the color filter the light would be captured by a piece of black and white film. So now you have three pieces of black and white film, but what each piece of film is *really* telling you is how much of the one color that it had been exposed to was present in the scene. Once you have those three strips of film you dye them to match whatever color they had been exposed to. You now have 3 sets of film which you can place on top of each other to get a complete color picture. But they would go a step further and press the three single color channel films onto a single piece of blank film to create a piece of film with all 3 color channels on it. The process had some shortcomings - notably that each piece of film was only exposed to 1\/3 of the total light present. This required the use of blindingly bright lights on the set. Even then, it produced a somewhat darker, more saturated picture than what was being captured such that technicolor films have a very distinct and easily recognized color profile."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does Salt turn 'invisible' once dissolved in Water?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does Salt turn 'invisible' once dissolved in Water?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The bonds between the Na and Cl in the salt crystals are broken, the Na and Cl become + and - ions which get surrounded by water ( H2O). These ions are so very small that they don\u2019t interact with light passing through the water so the water remains clear. Some things dissolve in water but actually if you looked really closely with a powerful microscope - you would see it was not dissolved at all but a very fine suspension ( called a colloid) These particles are big enough to interact with light and cause diffraction which creates a shift in the wavelength of light and results in some pretty interesting colours."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do some judges ask a person to pay more alimony\/Child Support, than what they make in a month? Or a extremely high % of what they make in a month?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some judges ask a person to pay more alimony\/Child Support, than what they make in a month? Or a extremely high % of what they make in a month?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A lot of it is based on previous employment. Say you had a job that made 6000 a month last year, well your wife and you split, and you get depressed and lose the job because of whatever reason. The judge will assume that your previous income is your earning potential and charge accordingly. In most cases this is complete fudge nuggets for the father and he gets hosed on the arrangement. This was probably *and i have no source for this* brought in because of some fathers trying to skip out on alimony by claiming a lower income immediately after a divorce just to stiff the wife while hiding their current income."} {"category":"Other","question":"What was so important about Hannibal Barca crossing the Alps with elephants?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What was so important about Hannibal Barca crossing the Alps with elephants?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well, Hannibal was Phoenician from the state of Carthage. Looking At a map, Carthage used to be around North Africa, specifically around Tunisia. At the time Phoenicians were one of the larger empires and occupied most of the coastal regions around the Mediterranean Sea. In any case, pulling up a map of Italy, you can see that nothern Italy blocked by the Alps which served as a natural barrier against invasion. This is mostly because at the time there were no road systems capable of supporting an invasion force and it would be really easy to set up a defensive position (look up battle 300). Because of this rationale the Romans didn't set up heavy defenses in the north, in stead they focused on the South, where it's easier to invade plus you get naval support. So Hannibal's decision, was strategically crazy because he took his invasion forces and marched across the Alps. He then proceeded to decimate Roman forces even though they had the advantage in numbers and turf. Within I think 2years of fighting Rome had lost almost 20% of their male population? Also his tactics were so profound that the Germans were studying them during WWI."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why magnet attracts lighter object faster, but earths gravity attracts all objects at same speed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why magnet attracts lighter object faster, but earths gravity attracts all objects at same speed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Gravity and magnetism are very different forces. (This is an ELI5 so this is a very simplified explanation). The force of gravity is proportional to the mass of both objects. In the case of the earth, a high mass object \"feels\" a higher force and a low mass object \"feels\" a lower force. The result is that the acceleration is identical since the effects of mass difference essentially \"cancel out\". (Since acceleration is proportional to the force). The force of magnetism is NOT governed by an object's mass. A high mass object might feel the same magnetic force as a small mass object (operating in the same magnetic field). So this results in greater acceleration for the smaller mass than the high mass object."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does the U.S. national debt affect regular citizens?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the U.S. national debt affect regular citizens?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A chunk of the federal budget goes to servicing the debt. This has been in the ballpark of $300B a year paying interest. 30some percent of that goes to foreign governments and investors, the rest goes to US investors or, somewhat confusingly, the Federal Reserve - which holds 11% of the debt. Government debt isn't really analogous to personal debt since the government sets the interest rates and has the ability to devalue currency, but large debt burdens mean more money goes to investors instead of programs. Some of that money goes overseas and is lost from the US economy."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Whats the chemistry\/physics of a corn kernel exploding into a piece of popcorn?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Whats the chemistry\/physics of a corn kernel exploding into a piece of popcorn?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is a quantity of water inside the kernel. When heated, the water turns to steam. Steam being much less dense than water, the pressure causes the fun explosion."} {"category":"Biology","question":"- Why does ADD\/ADHD medication sometimes make people suicidal while it makes others more productive?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - Why does ADD\/ADHD medication sometimes make people suicidal while it makes others more productive?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I think the reason that ADHD drugs can give rise to suicidal thoughts in some people is mostly unknown. However the way the drugs work is by releasing and\/or inhibiting the 'breakdown' (reuptake) of dopamine, the neurotransmitter most strongly linked to increasing motivation. So if someone is already suicidal, the drugs could give them the motivation to carry out the deed, just like they can motivate people to work or study hard."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we need sunlight to make Vitamin D? Is it possible to make artificial light\/ monitors\/ screens that could perform the same role as sunlight in that process?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we need sunlight to make Vitamin D? Is it possible to make artificial light\/ monitors\/ screens that could perform the same role as sunlight in that process?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You don't need sunlight specifically. You need ultraviolet light specifically. And sun exposure is the easiest way to get UV exposure that your body needs to synthesize vitamin D"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we feel tired?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we feel tired?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's the subject of ongoing research. Unfortunately, that means there are currently no solid answers to that question, or even well supported hypotheses."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why are presidential terms limited?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are presidential terms limited?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"People who had experiences with dictators decided it\u2019s a good idea to prevent that. No one human is infallible or irreplaceable. By putting limits, you limit the opportunities for damage one human, however popular, can do."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does car insurance work and why it is mandatory to have it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does car insurance work and why it is mandatory to have it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Insurance in general works like this: Everyone involved pays the insurance company regularly. Let's say monthly. When one of them suffers a disaster, the insurance company pays them to help cover the expenses of the disaster. In this way, the financial risk of the disaster is spread across all of the participants and over the duration of their contract instead of just turbo-fucking one person. Everyone can breathe easy knowing that, in a disaster, they won't be fucked financially. Car insurance serves an additional purpose. Some other types do this as well. If my house burns down, I won't end up owing other people money. *However*, if I'm a doctor and I fuck up bigtime, or if I'm driving and I fuck up bigtime, then I may owe someone *else* money. By forcing *me* to have insurance, we protect whoever I might owe money to. Example: I get into a car crash. It was my fault, and I just wrecked some dude's jeep. I'm broke, and I sure as shit can't afford to buy him a new jeep. Do I owe him one? Yes. But, no matter what the law does to me, I simply do not have any money to give him, and he's fucked. If the law requires me to have insurance, then regardless of if I have money, my insurance plan will cover his jeep (or at least, some of it)."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"; what is the MBTI personality test, and does it hold any significant scientific validity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n ; what is the MBTI personality test, and does it hold any significant scientific validity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It holds absolutely 0 scientific validity, yet everyone still refers to it for some reason. It was not developed using any kind of scientific study, it was just how one woman viewed people."} {"category":"Technology","question":"In the Speed Racer movie, T180's are racecars with wheels that can spin independently, like a shopping cart. Would it be possible to build such a car in real life?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n In the Speed Racer movie, T180's are racecars with wheels that can spin independently, like a shopping cart. Would it be possible to build such a car in real life?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If each wheel has its own electric motor, sure, why not?"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does epsom salt help with muscle soreness and stress?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does epsom salt help with muscle soreness and stress?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It doesn't, at least not in any way that science has been able to confirm. It's generally believed that the hot bath you're pouring the Epsom salts into is where you're getting all the rejuvenating effects, not the salt itself."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how come we can use telescopes to take long exposure images when the world spins?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how come we can use telescopes to take long exposure images when the world spins?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Modern telescopes are computer controlled so you can track an object across the sky easily enough. The Earth isn't rotating that fast so it's not really a big issue. Or you can just let it blur and get cool images like [this]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"how do businesses on dragons den\/ shark tank value themselves?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do businesses on dragons den\/ shark tank value themselves?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are lots of different ways to value a business, which is why you so often hear the dragons say that someone's valuation is ridiculous; they've come to that valuation based on bad methods or bad data. Usually, the valuation rests on how much money the business is predicted to bring in over a given period of time. That period of time typically depends on the industry. Often, it also includes the assets the business already owns (eg if a coffee shop owns the place it operates out of, that would count towards the valuation), and sometimes the valuation is based on how much money the company expects to get bought for - this is often true for startups, where the explicit goal is to get good enough that a bigger company buys them out."} {"category":"Physics","question":"If I lift a pile of book and carry it towards another table, is work being done on the books?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If I lift a pile of book and carry it towards another table, is work being done on the books?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes- not from any force in the vertical direction unless you move the pile upwards. The work done comes from the force x the direction of movement- meaning when you move the books horizontally work is done."} {"category":"Other","question":"how are major food\/drink companies allowed to keep recipes secret? Isn\u2019t that a problem due to disclosure laws and the possibility of allergies?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how are major food\/drink companies allowed to keep recipes secret? Isn\u2019t that a problem due to disclosure laws and the possibility of allergies?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You can find a full ingredient list for any fast food chain online. Many will have the info in a pamphlet in person. The ingredients list on nutrition facts in the US lists things from largest quantity to smallest quantity, but it won't tell you that theres a tablespoon of paprika in a whole pack of hotdogs or anything that specific. Plus, many ingredients can fall under \"natural flavors\" or \"spices\". And that's perfectly legal"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How do vegetation like tree and plants grow on newly formed islands?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do vegetation like tree and plants grow on newly formed islands?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Bird poop. Seeds can land via wind, poop, travel over the ocean, etc. Many different ways."} {"category":"Physics","question":"if I suspend freely a piece of red hot steel in a vacuum, what (if anything) gets hot? The space around it? The walls of the vacuum? And how soon will the steel cool down?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n if I suspend freely a piece of red hot steel in a vacuum, what (if anything) gets hot? The space around it? The walls of the vacuum? And how soon will the steel cool down?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Due to the absence of particles, conduction and convection cannot occur. Hence radiation is the only method of heat transfer between the rod and the walls of the vacuum and the space around it. (Radiation is also how the sun gives earth heat energy."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does cooking something cause it to gain more carbohydrates?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does cooking something cause it to gain more carbohydrates?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Fiber in foods represents inaccessible carbohydrates because your body can't break fiber down. However, when you cook fiber it can sometimes break down in the cooking process into something your body actually can use, and therefore increase the carbohydrates your body takes from the food."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does a chemical computer work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a chemical computer work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A normal computer basically uses a long series of switches that flip on and off based on the states of other switches. A program is just a list of what switches to flip in what order. A chemical computer does the same thing but uses chemical reactions as switches. The concentration of chemicals determines the state of each switch. Currently chemical computers are extremely limited in that we can barely get them to do simple math. This article has a bit more detail URL_0"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why can neurotransmitter receptors in the brain not become damaged with excessive use of say drugs, but insulin receptors can become damaged when consuming too much sugar?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can neurotransmitter receptors in the brain not become damaged with excessive use of say drugs, but insulin receptors can become damaged when consuming too much sugar?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Okay there's a big misunderstanding here, I'm not actually sure where to start. Receptors don't get \"damaged,\" at least not even remotely in the way you think. Receptors are just proteins, they bind a ligand and they do some effect in turn. You have a huge amount of these receptors per cell. Activating a receptor excessively with its ligand or with a drug will in turn excessively sitmulate its downstream effects. Cells sense there is too much signaling coming via that pathway and so they adapt by, for example, reducing the amount of new receptors they make. Receptors are constantly in a state of dynamic recycling. They often get internalized and destroyed and the cell makes new ones. If the cell decides to make less or destroy more, you have less of that receptor on the cell membrane, and then less signaling despite excessive ligand\/drug. So it's an adaptation. Insulin is a hormone, it binds its receptor to induce changes in cells like uptake of glucose and anabolic things (building things). Sugar increases the level of the insulin released, sugar has no \"receptor,\" it's sensed by the beta cells. Type 2 diabetes onset happens when two factors occur. First the insulin resistance rises (meaning cells around the body don't respond to insulin as well as they did before) and second, the beta cells try to compensate by making and secreting more insulin until a point where they decompensate meaning they cannot meet the demands. At that point, blood sugar begins to rise even at basal levels. Why insulin resistance happens? That's not entirely known but the evidence shows its far more complex than a simple adaptation at the single cell level. It has to do with a bunch of other hormones that are affected by a bunch of things like obesity."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why has the response to rising economic inequality been reducing taxes for the rich?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why has the response to rising economic inequality been reducing taxes for the rich?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The honest answer is most countries have no interest in doing anything about income inequality. I am unaware of any law that has been passed that was specifically made to address income inequality. The reasons for this are many, but the simple answer is no one is doing anything with intention of changing income inequality."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does \u201cNorth\u201d = \u201cUp\u201d and when did mapmakers all decide on this?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does \u201cNorth\u201d = \u201cUp\u201d and when did mapmakers all decide on this?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some early Egyptian maps put south on top, while in medieval Europe, Christian cartographers tended to give that distinction to east, since you had to turn that way to face Jerusalem. Others placed east on top because of the rising Sun (that\u2019s why we *orient* ourselves). And early American settlers sometimes used maps with west on top, because that was the direction they were often heading. In the 2nd century, Claudius Ptolemy wrote the influential *Geographia*, which featured a \u201cglobal\u201d map with north on top. No one\u2019s positive why he positioned it that way, but it may be that the Library of Alexandria\u2014where he did his research\u2014simply didn\u2019t have much information on the Southern Hemisphere. it was *then*, now it follows the *Magnetic North* which was not located until 1831. On an expedition to Arctic, British explorer James Clark Ross discovered the pole\u2014the spot where a compass needle on a horizontal axis points straight down\u2014on the west coast of Canada's Boothia peninsula. it's just by convention (mutual agreement) that North is the top of the map The word north is related to the Old High German nord, both descending from the Proto-Indo-European unit *ner-, meaning \"left; below\" as north is to left when facing the rising sun. Similarly, the other cardinal directions are also related to the sun's position. ___ shamelessly stolen from [1]( URL_1 ), [2]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Technology","question":"If the amazon echo doesn\u2019t start processing audio until you say \u201cAlexa\u201d, how does it know when you say it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If the amazon echo doesn\u2019t start processing audio until you say \u201cAlexa\u201d, how does it know when you say it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To put it as simply as possible, this is the process that happens: 1. There is a chip that is always listening in the echo. It doesn't record, doesn't transmit to Amazon. 2. When this chip hears the wake word (Alexa, Amazon, Echo or Computer, whatever you have set) it activates a buffer, recording a bit (less than a few seconds) 3. This is sent up to Amazon where their better processing (their servers are obviously more powerful than an echo) verifies the wake word was said 4. If the wake word wasn't said, the buffer is purged. If not, the buffer gets analyzed along with any continued speech for commands The buffer is used so it is smooth, otherwise, you'd have to say \"Alexa\" wait for it to verify, with a pause, then state your command. The couple second buffer allows smoother \"Alexa, turn on the lights\" type commands"} {"category":"Physics","question":"If breaking the sound barrier makes a sonic boom, what would the equivalent reaction be for breaking the light barrier?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If breaking the sound barrier makes a sonic boom, what would the equivalent reaction be for breaking the light barrier?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is a thing called [Cherenkov radiation]( URL_0 ), which happens when particles are travelling faster than the speed of light in that medium. It happens around nuclear reactors, when \u03b2 and \u03b3 particles, travelling at close to the speed of light in a vacuum, travel through the surrounding cooling water. The speed of light in water is about 0.7 times the speed of light in a vacuum (*c*), so these particles have to shed their energy and slow down, which they do by emitting a pale blue light."} {"category":"Other","question":"- What do Defense lawyers get out of defending mass murderers, knowing they will lose the case?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - What do Defense lawyers get out of defending mass murderers, knowing they will lose the case?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The goal isn't to win and get the client off the hook in a lot of cases. At some point it ends up as making sure that the clients rights aren't infringed upon. This can include things like making sure evidence was handled correctly, the jury is impartial, and the charges fit the crime."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does the skin under your nails need your nails to protect it? Why and how is it different to the rest of your skin?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does the skin under your nails need your nails to protect it? Why and how is it different to the rest of your skin?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You have it the wrong way round. That skin is sensitive because your nails grow over it, so it never needs to get as tough as the rest of your skin. You may not think of nails as that important because, as an evolved Human, you don't use them much in day-to-day life, but look at how other species use them. That's what they're there for - not to protect skin."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How does a coil generate a magnetic force?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does a coil generate a magnetic force?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When electrical current flows through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field around the wire. This field is oriented such that the lines of Force revolve around the axis of the wire. When this wire is coiled, aligns all of these magnetic fields into one large magnetic field. Essentially, it adds the magnetic forces together. Vsauce has a very good video on this on YouTube. Electricity and magnetism are very closely related. If you are interested in learning more about the physics behind these phenomena, I suggest picking up a copy of a book I studied while I was in middle school, entitled \u201cPhysics Simplified\u201d. It contained many helpful explanations. It served for me as an ELI5, except it was an ELI11 because I was 11. I believe a pdf May be available online, but I was unable to find it as I am on mobile."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why can't we voluntarily hallucinate?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't we voluntarily hallucinate?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"What purpose would that serve? Why would that have made our early ancestors any more likely to survive and pass on that trait? Evolution does not achieve perfection. It achieves \"good enough\"."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is a \"resort fee\" and who decides their price?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a \"resort fee\" and who decides their price?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"To my understanding, a resort fee is a flat rate charge which covers access to the extra ammenities a hotel may offer. Rather than charging for individual services such as the pool, spa, massage, or whatever else (I don't know what those would be because I usually just go to a hotel only to sleep) or other extras they can all be had at a flat rate. It seems to be legal only in the USA and Canada and explicitly illegal in most other places. My issue is that its a semi-hidden cost when you look for a room on an online site like Expedia. To my knowledge there's no way to opt out of the resort fee (and thus resort services) so why not just include it in the advertised price? As for who determines the price, the hotel itself does. they can vary from 20 to way over 100."} {"category":"Economics","question":"how much money (in $ worth) is actually circulating around the world?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how much money (in $ worth) is actually circulating around the world?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I think you\u2019re asking is how much much currency is in circulation which is a separate question from much money there is. As of September 9th there was $1,980,000,000,000 in circulation, according to the Fed\u2019s website. According to Wikipedia, the 2016 value of worldwide circulating currency was just under 4.7 trillion US dollars."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why hasn't anyone made women's pants that have functional pockets?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why hasn't anyone made women's pants that have functional pockets?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"My view on this has always been that women's jeans are designed without pockets to help sell other products. If they have no storage built into their clothing they will have to buy an accessory such as a handbag or backpack which allows a company to have a larger variety of products."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Can somebody explain the concept of 'pi' to me?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can somebody explain the concept of 'pi' to me?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Pi is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Let's say you have bicycle, and you measure the diameter of the front wheel. Let's say it's 28 inches. Now, you mark the part touching the ground with a white marker, as well as the point in the ground. Next, you walk the bicycle until the front wheel has turned one revolution and the white mark is again touching the ground. If you now measure the distance you walked your bicycle, you will notice that it's a bit over three times 28 inches. That's where pi comes into play: the circumference is 28 times pi. That's basically it. If you have a circle with a diameter of 1, you know that the circumference is equal to pi. But why is pi 3.1415926...? That's because a perfect circle happens to have that ratio between its circumference and its diameter. So yeah, pi is used to make calculations about circles. They're also used when you do math involving radians. People usually tend to use degrees for angular measurements because it's a tad more intuitive; 360 degrees is one full revolution, 180 degrees is half a turn, 90 degrees is a quarter turn and so on. However, radians make sense as well in a different way. A full revolution in radians is 2pi, and so half a revolution is pi radians. This may be a bit confusing at first, but it comes from the definition of a radian: it's the angle determined by an arc with a length of the circle's radius (radius is half of the diameter). It's a bit easier to understand with this [GIF from Wikipedia]( URL_0 )."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is seemingly every TV's volume unbearably loud at like 30\/100? What is the last 70% for?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is seemingly every TV's volume unbearably loud at like 30\/100? What is the last 70% for?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"many people have many needs. not every TV is placed in a bedroom or a living room. most are, but people have different uses for TVs. a bar, a school, small auditorium, office etc where they'd need for it to be louder"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"| How does a computer calculate sin\/cos\/tan?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n | How does a computer calculate sin\/cos\/tan?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They either use a look up table, or some sort of easily computable approximation like [CORDIC]( URL_0 ). These don't give exact results, but computers have limited precision, so results only need to be correct up to the available precision."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is a confidence interval?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a confidence interval?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"At a simple level, it is the range of some value that you are confident (to a pre-defined level such as 95%) that some quantity, measurement, dimension etc falls within. So if I make 1 million widgets that are designed to be 100mm long, and I measure 1000 of them. I will get a distribution of lengths that is probably a normal distribution. So I can do some stats and say that 95% of all my widgets will fall between e.g. 98.2 and 101.8 mm."} {"category":"Other","question":"why do divers wear their oxygen bottles with the exit valve pointing up, but firefighters with the exit valve pointing down?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do divers wear their oxygen bottles with the exit valve pointing up, but firefighters with the exit valve pointing down?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Divers are going to watch their heads and are in a mostly open area with very little heavy falling debris, so putting the oxygen valve up near the head allows it to be safer in the case of cramped spaces, and limits the hoses required to get the oxygen to the facemask. Firefighters have to worry a lot more about falling debris and dangling wires and pipes, and worry less about the pressures of being underwater, so they use a longer hose and put the tanks on valves down, so a falling beam is more likely to strike the sturdy bottom of the tank and not the relatively fragile valves that release oxygen."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How do diet drinks have zero calories?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do diet drinks have zero calories?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Zero calorie drinks typically have extremely strong sweeteners that can taste just as sweet as sugar with less than a hundredth as much of the compound by weight. Most of what is in a zero calorie drink is just water. The tiny amounts of other compounds add up to less than 1 calorie per serve, and so the drinks can be legally marketed as having 0 calories."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why does everyonw say you need a surplus of calories to gain muscle?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does everyonw say you need a surplus of calories to gain muscle?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The maths is that building muscle requires calories, like any other process in your body. A low carb diet is somewhat irrelevant, you are still getting sufficient calories. High protein diets are better for muscle growth than high carb anyway. The reason why it is a good idea to eat more - especially proteins - post workout is because of an amino acid called leucine. This is the \"switch\" that lets the body build muscles. You can't synthesise it, you have to get it from meat, fish, dairy, beans or tofu. It's also something that gets depleted post-workout. So if you workout and don't eat afterwards, you will build muscles more slowly than you would do otherwise. You will still build muscle, in the same way if you put a pan of water on half heat it will still boil. But you are not giving your body the tools to build the optimum amount it can do naturally. Obviously if you starve yourself you will not build muscle and eventually your body will cannibalise the muscles you have. This is most evidence in anorexics, who often do excessive amounts of exercise but have severe muscle wasting."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why are humans rather obsessed with having most of things set to an even number? It's almost an internal crime to set the volume on the TV to 19 instead of 20, or set the brightness to 59 instead of 60.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are humans rather obsessed with having most of things set to an even number? It's almost an internal crime to set the volume on the TV to 19 instead of 20, or set the brightness to 59 instead of 60.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It might have to do with the common exaggerated fear for odd numbers. Imparnumerophobia (from Latin impar, \"odd\", and numerus, \"number\") is the fear of odd numbers. Imparnumerophobes would make sure everything they do is even, like the amount of foods eaten. Some sufferers may bear less of the odd numbers whose sum of the digits is an even number, like 13 (1+3=4), than odd numbers that sum up to odd number, like 25 (2+5=7). Few sufferers may not unbear odd numbers divisible by a certain number, like by 3 or 5. Taken from phobia.wiki"} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do slippers squeak when they get wet?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do slippers squeak when they get wet?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Water in between the surface of the floor and the rubber bottom of the slipper creates a situation with incomplete grip and it\u2019s basically the sound of the rubber sliding around."} {"category":"Technology","question":"how did the TV, computer, and telephone have such a vast reduction in size and are able to do you so much more at a much higher quality?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how did the TV, computer, and telephone have such a vast reduction in size and are able to do you so much more at a much higher quality?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The main technology that makes all of that happen is the transistor - a little gate that can let electricity through or prevent it from flowing through. Currently, they are as small as single-digit nanometers in length. Thats significantly smaller than a human hair. The technology needed to be able to manufacture that level of precision is not something we've had access to for long. Our ability to manufacture those transistors at smaller and smaller sizes is ultimately what has been the limiting factor. Over time, we've seen these shrink at a pretty predictable rate - and the advancements made in every sector that relies on them have improved along with them."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do they get words or images on latex balloons? What kind of substance is it that it stretches with the balloon?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do they get words or images on latex balloons? What kind of substance is it that it stretches with the balloon?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It isn't any kind of special ink that magically stretches. They inflate the balloon to its expected capacity and print the image\/text onto the balloon while inflated."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why can't honey go \"bad\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why can't honey go \"bad\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Honey is 'hyperosmotic'. Simply put: its extremely concentrated sugars with very little water. When bacteria gets into honey the water inside the bacteria gets pulled out of the bacteria and it shrivels and dies. Like a grape becoming a raisin."} {"category":"Biology","question":"how could chewing a gum cure the aero sinus you have while your flight is taking or landing off?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how could chewing a gum cure the aero sinus you have while your flight is taking or landing off?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not the gum itself, but the motion of chewing and of swallowing, both of which can momentarily open the Eustachian tubes behind your ears, equalizing the air pressure."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do things like phones and car keys deactivate hotel room keys?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do things like phones and car keys deactivate hotel room keys?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Iron atoms can polarize meaning the electrons lean to one side making it more negative with the nucleus making the other side more positive. So each atom is inherently magnetic in some level, but all the atoms are oriented different directions cancelling out their magnetic fielda. But they still exist so iron objects can diarupt other magnetic fields, especially the weak ones on a hotel key card."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do both fission and fusion produce energy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do both fission and fusion produce energy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends on what is fused and what is fissioned; for example if you fissioned helium into hydrogen, you would lose energy. I believe Iron is the tipping point, and is the most stable element. So if you fuse two elements into something below Iron, energy is released, and if you fission an element into products above iron, energy is also released."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does removing mail sorting machines make the USPS more efficient\/save money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does removing mail sorting machines make the USPS more efficient\/save money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It doesn't, the only reason it might be useful is if they were replacing them or moving the machines to another location where there weren't any. Since that is not the case it is just an attempt to cripple the postal service."} {"category":"Biology","question":"What happens when we feel 'the chills', and what kinds of things trigger them?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens when we feel 'the chills', and what kinds of things trigger them?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Frisson (as its technically called) can be triggered by any number of things, from a good song to a moving speech to a scary story. It\u2019s generally a reaction to a psychological stimulus of some sort. I know it sounds vague, but it\u2019s a vague thing. Really doesn\u2019t have *one* cause."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"Why is it so difficult to shower when a person is depressed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it so difficult to shower when a person is depressed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"One symptom of depression is lack of motivation. This, combined with a lack if self-interest and a lack of caring about the world in general and how one presents within it (common with depression) can lead to reduced hygenie practises. Real ELIF: it's easier to do anything when you're happy"} {"category":"Technology","question":"What exactly happens when you go to a huge website like Google? Are you communicating with only one computer or many?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What exactly happens when you go to a huge website like Google? Are you communicating with only one computer or many?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When you visit the google web page, A computer program run by one of the google computers will send you a web page (the search page), whilst this page looks clean and ready for your search request, it's a very special page, every keypress will make your computer talk to lots of their programs, these programs run on lots of different computers."} {"category":"Technology","question":"the \"mother of all bombs\" \/ largest non nuclear bomb. What makes it so powerful? Why is it significant? Why use it now?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n the \"mother of all bombs\" \/ largest non nuclear bomb. What makes it so powerful? Why is it significant? Why use it now?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The [MOAB]( URL_4 ) is an air-burst weapon intended for soft to medium targets over an extended area. And while it technically is not a penetrator weapon (commonly called 'bunker busters'), it is optimized for targets in environments like caves, canyons or extensive mine fields. It is not a weapon for deep or heavily reinforced caves, but the blast size will collapse smaller vunerable caves. It's not the largest non-nuke bomb in existance, but it is the largest non-nuke to have been used in combat. Why now? If we are to believe Gen. Nicholson in [this article]( URL_1 ), ISIS have increased their use of IEDs, bunkers, and tunnels as their losses have been mounting. The MOAB creates a large blast area over the surface of the battlefield and pressure from the explosion likely detonated many improvised explosive devices. Edit: [This article]( URL_2 ) states previous combat situations have been unsuitable for the MOAB because most fighting occured in densely populated areas, whereas this time the ISIS network were spread over a largely desolate area. And [this article]( URL_0 ) has a detailed description of the MOAB design and capabilities. On further searching I have also found [this early article]( URL_3 ) about MOAB tests which explains effects at different distances from ground zero."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Is the knowledge of how to physically have sex genetically passed or is it something animals like chimps learn from watching others?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is the knowledge of how to physically have sex genetically passed or is it something animals like chimps learn from watching others?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I don't know for sure but: At some point someones getting a boner and at another point he will figure out where to put it. This isnt necessarily knowledge but insticts paired with curiosity. Someone pointed the human trial and error modus operandi out perfectly: 1. can you eat it? 2. can you smoke it? 3. can you have sex with it?"} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If a Snack Pack pudding is dairy, how does it have a shelf life of 12+ month?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If a Snack Pack pudding is dairy, how does it have a shelf life of 12+ month?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Back in the 1800s a guy named Louis Pasteur figured out that food spoiled due to the actions of microscopic living creatures called bacteria. These living creatures didn't spontaneously appear out of nowhere but reproduced from other living bacteria in the environment. He had the idea that if a container could be sealed and all the living creatures within killed, such as with the careful application of heat, then the food within wouldn't spoil. This process is called \"pasteurization\" and is in use today on dairy products of all kinds."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why is diesel no longer \"green\"?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is diesel no longer \"green\"?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Our definition of \"green\" changed. It used to be purely about fuel consumption...how many gallons do you burn. And Diesel engines are inherently more efficient that gasoline (technically Otto cycle) engines. So they burned less gas, and that was greener. But because of diesel engines' different combustion behavior, you also get differences in the exhaust. Diesel tends to have more particulates, more NOx (contributes to smog), and more unburned hydrocarbons. You can manage that to some extent with better engine designs and emission controls but those are also pollutants and we take a lot more notice of them now than we used to."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How is it that hurricane sustained wind speeds are so high yet their travel speeds are low?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is it that hurricane sustained wind speeds are so high yet their travel speeds are low?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because it's spinning like a top. The winds are going around and around real fast, but the center is wandering across the ocean at a slow pace."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"why does the CIA have an above ground parking lot when daily satellite imagery can decode activity patterns (who goes overseas etc)?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why does the CIA have an above ground parking lot when daily satellite imagery can decode activity patterns (who goes overseas etc)?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"What would an underground parking lot accomplish? You've got to get into it somewhere. Meanwhile with a fairly minimal amount of effort you can throw off anyone who's watching your car with a satellite - just get in a different car."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":". Why are fossil fuels bad for the environment?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n . Why are fossil fuels bad for the environment?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"1) We have to tear up the environment in order to get them. That's damaging on its own, but then if there's an incident at a plant that extracts these oils or with a ship that is transporting these oils, then it causes an even more harm to wildlife, water supplies and soil quality. 2) You have to produce a lot of pollution to process them. 3) You have to produce a lot of pollution to use them up (if burning them like in the case of gasoline for your car). 4) The fossil fuels that get made into plastics wind up as trash in either landfills where they don't degrade or in the oceans and seas. Here, they can straight up kill wildlife, or get consumed by wildlife and in turn consumed by us people when we eat that wildlife. Or it makes its way back into our own drinking water."} {"category":"Economics","question":"When a company goes bankrupt, how does that impact the owner?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When a company goes bankrupt, how does that impact the owner?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It depends. most of the time the owner is separate from the company so their personal belongings aren't subject to the bankruptcy. In some cases an owner of a business won't do this. Example. You make cupcakes. You buy a little store, hire 2 people to help and sell cupcakes out of that store. You probably had to take out a loan to get that store, maybe cupcakes aren't selling great and you can't keep up on your employee's paychecks. Eventually the business just isn't making enough money and you can't afford the electric bill (can't keep the lights on) and close the business. What about all that money you owe? Maybe a few months on utilities. Maybe rent\/mortgage payments for the property, maybe the last paycheck for employees? Well you are on the hook for all of that, and can't afford it so you declare bankruptcy. *you* couldn't afford it so you just tell everyone \"I don't have the money to pay you\" and all (well, most) of your debt is forgiven. You have to pay what you can but certain things you own are protected (your home almost always, often a car ect ect). Now if you make cupcakes and decide to open a cupcake store you could make Cupcakes LLC or Cupcakes INC. Then the company you created would buy\/rent the store, would pay your employees and bills. And if the company ran out of money and declared bankruptcy, your bank account is safe because you didn't declare bankruptcy, the company did. In the first example you own the ingredients, you own the store, you own the equipment. In the second example you own Cupcakes LLC, but Cupcakes LLC is what owns the ingredients\/store\/equipment."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why would anyone pay for a good or service with crypto? Isn't the possibility that it would go up or down in value a huge deterrent for both parties?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why would anyone pay for a good or service with crypto? Isn't the possibility that it would go up or down in value a huge deterrent for both parties?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Yes and yes. This is why the volatility of cryptocurrencies acts against their use as a *currency*. Part of the idea of cryptocurrencies is that they're free from government control and thus more stable - particularly, protected against inflation (their value falling). However currently they're behaving more like investments - where the value might go up or down, but a smart investor can tell when to buy or sell - or simply like gambling - where the change is completely unpredictable. (Or possibly even *scams*, where certain people can control or predict the changes.) That means you only want to *have* crypto if you're ok with the risk. Some people will use crypto in transactions because they like it as an investment. Some are true believers in its other benefits. If you just want to use it for a transaction, then you should buy it then use it or receive it then sell it as quickly as possible. Some business might accept it, because they know a proportion of people will like using it to pay, and then sell it asap. In some cases there are technical benefits to using crypto over other payment methods. In many others - perhaps most - the purpose is to conceal the transaction because you're doing something illegal."} {"category":"Other","question":"How does the air stay so hot in the nighttime when the sun isn\u2019t even out? And how is it that the sun makes the temperature only like 5-10 degrees warmer during the daytime in the summer?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the air stay so hot in the nighttime when the sun isn\u2019t even out? And how is it that the sun makes the temperature only like 5-10 degrees warmer during the daytime in the summer?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The same reason the inside of an oven doesn't return to room temperature the instant you turn it off. Both the atmosphere and the ground absorb heat during the daytime. It takes time for this heat to dissipate after the sun sets. Furthermore, and this answers some of the second part of your question as well, air doesn't stay in one place. There are both local and global weather phenomenon that move air around, so warm air can be coming from elsewhere on the planet. As for your claim that it's only 5-10 degrees (I assume you mean Fahrenheit) cooler at night, that's your personal observation in your specific location for a short period of time, not fact. There are tons of historical weather records from all over the world at different times of year and different points in history that show the actual daily, weekly, monthly, and seasonal highs and lows, and I think you'll find there's a ton of variation."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do people wake up just mere minutes or even seconds before their alarm goes off?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people wake up just mere minutes or even seconds before their alarm goes off?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If you follow a proper sleep schedule and go to sleep\/wake up at the same time every day your body gets used to it. Circadian rythm causes your brain to release certain hormones that gradually wake you up over the course of about an hour. An alarm clock jarrs you awake and your body doesn't like it, so over time your brain adjusts to start waking you up before that happens. Edit: Since a lot of people have been asking why they wake up after changing their alarm here's something from an article I read. > There\u2019s evidence you can will yourself to wake on time, too. Sleep scientists at Germany\u2019s University of Lubeck asked 15 volunteers to sleep in their lab for three nights. One night, the group was told they\u2019d be woken at 6 a.m., while on other nights the group was told they\u2019d be woken at 9 a.m. But the researchers lied\u2014they woke the volunteers at 6 a.m anyway. And the results were startling. The days when sleepers were told they\u2019d wake up early, their stress hormones increased at 4:30 a.m., as if they were anticipating an early morning. When the sleepers were told they\u2019d wake up at 9 a.m., their stress hormones didn\u2019t increase\u2014and they woke up groggier. \u201cOur bodies, in other words, note the time we hope to begin our day and gradually prepare us for consciousness,\u201d writes Jeff Howe at Psychology Today. [Source article.]( URL_0 )"} {"category":"Other","question":"Can airplanes speed the same way cars can in traffic? Why or why not?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Can airplanes speed the same way cars can in traffic? Why or why not?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"theres an optimal speed for airplanes where speed\/fuel consumption balance is in the best ratio that is the speed the plane tries to reach speeding would mean the fuel wouldnt last to the destination Not sure if im right but that is what my physics knowledge gave me ^^"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is there a lot of talk about Apple moving to ARM chips and therefore software having to be re-written\/updated. Why do apps care if it\u2019s an Intel chip or ARM?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there a lot of talk about Apple moving to ARM chips and therefore software having to be re-written\/updated. Why do apps care if it\u2019s an Intel chip or ARM?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"the instruction sets of x86 and ARM are different. imagine if you had a cookbook in English but your user speaks Japanese."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why most abandoned car have a flat tire?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why most abandoned car have a flat tire?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Pressure reduces over time, so car owners are expected to top up the pressure in their tires as general maintenance. Also, vandalism."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How is acid capable of corroding materials? What enables it to have this property?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is acid capable of corroding materials? What enables it to have this property?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Corrosive reactions are reactions - two or more molecules encountering each other, thinking \"y'know what, let's become something else\" and then becoming something else. This happens because the end results of the reaction are a more preferable state to be in, thermodynamically. Let's take an example: Hydrochloric acid and sodium metal. In its normal state, sodium is just a bunch of sodium atoms all in one place. Hydrochloric acid is made by dissolving the covalent HCl molecule in water, creating a solution with a lot of charged hydrogen and charged Chlorine atoms (a charged molecule is loves to react with things, is probably the most you need to know about that). Normally, hydrogen and chlorine don't really like each other when they're in water together, so they disassociate, instead of remaining as HCl. They also don't like being alone, though, and can only hang out in their gaseous forms when they're stuck to another atom of the same element. However, because of how they share electrons, they can't do this. That's a really complicated thing though that I suspect you don't need to know about. Then, you drop some Sodium into the mix. Charged chlorine loves to stick to sodium, so every chlorine atom in the acid plucks one sodium atom off the sodium piece, forming sodium chloride. This moves some electrons around, and allows the hydrogen to float off as hydrogen gas (hence why this reaction fizzes). Sodium chloride meanwhile is an ionic compound (common table salt, in fact), which dissolves in water and which forms crystals, not metals. So, gradually, the size of the sodium piece gets smaller, because sodium is being ripped off to become sodium chloride, and the acid also becomes less acidic because the molecules that make it acidic are being turned into salts and gasses. The acidic property of acids comes from the fact that hydrogen atoms dissociate from their compounds while dissolved in water. Not all hydrogen-containing compounds do this, but the ones that do are called acids. The amount to which they dissociate (not all molecules will dissociate all the time, only a proportion of all the molecules) determines the strength of the acid."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"If you have a pile of mulch\/woodchips\/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If you have a pile of mulch\/woodchips\/etc and leave it long enough it can start to smoke. How?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A large enough pile will be generating heat all through it, and the stuff in the middle has nowhere for the heat to go, so it builds up. Eventually, you'll hit the smoke point for something in the pile (the wood, the resins in the sap, small children, you know) and voila! Smoke!"} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How can a snowflake be different than any snowflake in existence?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How can a snowflake be different than any snowflake in existence?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because there's more combinations of how water atoms can join each other in a snowflake than atoms in the universe. If you have something like 10^20 atoms in a snowflake, what are the chances that all 10^20 atoms are going to be in the exact same position as a different 10^20 atoms that make up another snowflake? Very, very small. Infinitesimally small. So small the chances of it happening in this universe are effectively zero."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"what is ego death and how does it actually feel?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what is ego death and how does it actually feel?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Ego death is most commonly known in the context of a deep acid (LSD) trip. What happens with this powerful psychedelic is that at a high enough dose, you literally lose your sense of self. I never got that far, it terrifies me. Think of it this way, right now you're reading what I am saying, you're thinking about it, and likely the first thing you can think about is applying it to yourself, imagining what I am saying from your perspective. Someone tells you I had a shitty day, you immediately start thinking ah I had a shitty day, those suck. Etc. Everything comes back to you because you are the center of your universe. Upon ego death, you no longer exist, and it feels as if you never have. When a thought comes to your mind, you don't even associate it with yourself even if it came from you, you just feel as if the universe is flowing through you and you're an inanimate observer. At this depth, you are stripped bare of every bias, every characteristic, all arrogance, etc, and you start to see the world from a perspective that is absolutely new to you. That is why when people go this far they don't come back the same. Some call it a spiritual awakening. Some call it detoxing the mind. I call it breaking your mind, in my opinion it doesn't matter how spiritual and rejuvenated you feel after, because everyone around you will feel that something broke in your head since that day. So.. That's ego death, to my knowledge. But I never went through it, so obviously I'll take all criticism like a good boy. Edit: English"} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do we never notice when we fall asleep?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do we never notice when we fall asleep?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Falling asleep happens in stages. In the first stage, it's very light and you can be easily roused by something as simple as someone calling your name. This is basically what happens if you nod off during the day. But one of the first things it does is diminish your awareness of your surroundings as your brain starts to ignore many of the stimuli you experience while fully conscious. So as you drift into the further stages of sleep, you don't notice the transitions."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is it that some roads have a disproportionate number of gas stations and fast food places on one side of the street instead of the other?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it that some roads have a disproportionate number of gas stations and fast food places on one side of the street instead of the other?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Could be zoning laws, the availability or lack of infrastructure such as water and sewage or electrical. Property owners refusing to build or allow businesses to be built on their property, legal restrictions...it could be any huge amount of reasons."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How big is a Lagrange Point? How far from the center of a Lagrange Point can an object get before it no longer qualifies as \"at the Lagrange Point\" and develop a separate orbit?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How big is a Lagrange Point? How far from the center of a Lagrange Point can an object get before it no longer qualifies as \"at the Lagrange Point\" and develop a separate orbit?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Objects near the stable (L4 and L5) Lagrange points will \"orbit\" the points, following a roughly elliptical path centered on the point. In general, objects in orbit near a 2-body system will approximately follow the contours in this diagram: URL_1 You can see that if you get too far from L4 or L5, you'll follow a path that swings round L4, goes around the \"back side\" of the central body, swings around L5, and back again. This is known as a [horseshoe orbit]( URL_0 ), and several solar system objects are in this sort of orbit. If you're asking for the actual distance at which a stable Lagrange orbit opens up into a horseshoe orbit, that depends on the mass and distance of the two main bodies."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I work for a Marine Science Centre, so I can't speak for Zoos, but whenever a large marine mammal passes away we either haul them out using fork lifts or cranes. Usually we'll notice a deterioration in their physical health months or even up to a year beforehand, and so would move them to a separate \"quarantine\" pool to give them proper treatment or end-of-life care, and this pool can facilitate their removal when\/if they pass. Once removed they're taken to a local animal sciences facility (any of a few local universities) where they undergo a necropsy (autopsy for animals). Samples are taken and tested to determine cause of death (whenever possible) and usually these samples are also preserved for further\/future scientific study. Depending on the animal and the permits aquired, certain samples like skin and bones can even be re-used for educational, public programs to teach folks about the life in our oceans! Surprisingly few public actually realize or are knowledgeable of the diversity of life beyond our beaches and ports. Edit: formatting\/spelling Edit 2: I appear to have recieved gold on one of my comments here. Just wanted to say if you, dear Redditor, so wish to gild, please instead consider donating to a local (or favorite) AZA (Association of Zoos and Aquariums) or CAZA (same as AZA but Canadian) accredited Marine Centre or Zoo. Not all of us are evil and for profit or entertainment. Sometimes (as per the federal government) an animal is unfortunately deemed unreleasable and without facilities to house them they would otherwise be euthanized. And they can help further scientific research into their species and hopefully continue to preserve their species in the wild. Thanks!"} {"category":"Technology","question":"We\u2019ve teleported particles a few years ago, how does that work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n We\u2019ve teleported particles a few years ago, how does that work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I really wish they hadn't used the word \"teleportation.\" It's not teleportation in the sense that you're thinking, it's more akin to instant *communication*: i.e., transmitting information instantaneously (although it's not really that either, for reasons that get... tricky to explain). Basically, they're talking quantum entanglement. Even if it had been actual teleportation in the traditional sense, this wouldn't have violated the conservation of matter and energy, as it'd just be moving it from one place to another instead of creating or destroying it. And even if it had been creating or destroying matter, that wouldn't really have told us anything about the Big Bang because that didn't involve matter and energy being created, it involved space itself expanding very rapidly."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is the Amazon Burning and how is the Brazilian Government Implicit in that?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the Amazon Burning and how is the Brazilian Government Implicit in that?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Farmers set the Amazon on fire to free up land to plant soy and for their cattle to graze. It\u2019s forbidden but the current nationalist government doesn\u2019t care about the environment and doesn\u2019t enforce the law. So the rate of fires have increased because there is no risk of prosecution to the farmers."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why is it easier to balance on a bike that is moving, compared to a bike that isn't in motion?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it easier to balance on a bike that is moving, compared to a bike that isn't in motion?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A significant part of the balance you rely on on your bike is centripetal force - the same thing you lean against when you make a turn. While you're moving, you can turn the steering wheel to create a tiny tiny turn in a specific direction. Because you have forward momentum, this will cause your balance on your bike to tip ever so slightly in one direction, and by continually making these tiny adjustments, you help keep balance - then later counteracting the tiny turns with some of your own weight balance to keep you going forward, as far as I understand it. If you have trouble imaging this, think of a small kid learning to ride a bike. Typically, they'll go through a stage when there's a fairly wide swaying sideways of the forward wheel. These wild and brisk movements eventually smooth out to the controlled tiny adjustments we all make while we bike forward. You can see it exacerbated again if you drive really slow on your bike - you'll start swaying the wheel more wildly because you need to make much more of an adjustment to get that balancing force. And when you stop entirely, that force is just gone entirely, meaning you have only your own weight balance to rely on. And every time you want to move your own balance, inertia means that you'll kind of push the bike's balance the other way, which makes staying upright really hard. Gyroscopic force generated by the rotation of your bike wheels might also play into it, but I'm afraid I have no idea as to the strength of this effect."} {"category":"Biology","question":"how do animals with dense furs get vitamin D?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how do animals with dense furs get vitamin D?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Found this interesting tidbit on Wikipedia: > In some animals, the presence of fur or feathers blocks the UV rays from reaching the skin. In birds and fur-bearing mammals, vitamin D is generated from the oily secretions of the skin deposited onto the feathers or fur and is obtained orally during grooming. Source: * Agarwal SC, Stout SD (28 June 2011). Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-8891-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2006. The high 25(OH)D concentrations, and relatively high vitamin D requirements of apes and monkeys are understandable in light of their biology\u2014their body surface area relative to mass is generally greater than for humans, and they are inveterate groomers, consuming by mouth the vitamin D generated from the oils secreted by skin into fur. Although much of the vitamin D produced within human skin is absorbed directly, birds and furbearing animals acquire most of their vitamin D orally, as they groom themselves (Bicknell and Prescott, 1946; Carpenter and Zhao, 1999). Vitamin D is generated from the oily secretions of skin into fur. The oral consumption of UV-exposed dermal excretion is the way many animals acquire the \u201cnutrient,\u201d vitamin D. Although Fraser (1983) has argued that dermal absorption of vitamin D may be more natural, what we know from animals indicates that oral consumption is equally physiological. Since vitamin D can be extracted from UV-exposed human sweat and skin secretions (Bicknell and Prescott, 1946), it is also reasonable to think that early humans obtained some of their vitamin D by mouth as well, by licking the skin. Also vitamin D is obtained via diet and different animals have different vitamin D needs, meaning they may not need as much as."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is a logarithmic scale? Why is it more useful for some things than a regular numerical scale?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a logarithmic scale? Why is it more useful for some things than a regular numerical scale?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Your standard scale will have evenly spaced lines at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.... A log scale will have evenly spaced lines at 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 Log scales are useful for looking at things that tend to grow exponentially [like say deaths in a pandemic]( URL_0 ), they let you get details at both the lower end and the higher end. If you look at the left plot on there, you really can't get any details before it starts ramping up around March 22, everything left of that basically looks like its 0 because fitting both 10 and 40k on a graph with a linear scale really squishes data at the low end. If you look at the right plot which is a semi-log (x axis is linear dates, y axis is a log scale) you can see that things start getting reported around March 4th and then proceeds to climb at roughly a straight line. If you plot something like 5^x on a semi-log plot like this you'll get a straight line so when we look at exponential growth we expect to see a straight line. Log plots are used whenever the difference between the smallest and largest number is several orders of magnitude. If you are plotting sound over time you'd work in dB which are a log scale because the difference between the loudest sound and the quietest sound you can hear is 10,000,000,000x difference in pressure"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Why are imaginary numbers useful in math if they are not actually possible?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are imaginary numbers useful in math if they are not actually possible?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Complex numbers exist in the same sense that other number systems exists. All number systems have a basic set of propositions that are taken as a given (axioms) and rules that you can apply to reach true conclusions. Forget square roots for a minute and let's just define a [system]( URL_0 ) of numbers that works with _pairs_ of real numbers. Let's call the first number in the pair the real part. Let's call the second part the \"imaginary\" part. There is nothing magical about these names. I could call them \"Alice\" and \"Bob\" if I wanted to. They're just a name. Let's define some rules for adding and multiplying these pairs. * Addition: (x1, y1) + (x2, y2) = (x1 + x2, y1 + y2). * Multiplication: (x1, y1)(x2, y2) = (x1x2 - y1y2, x1y2 + x2y1). When I compute: (0,1) * (0,1) = ((0 * 0) - (1 * 1) , (0 * 1) + (0 * 1)) = (-1, 0) By the multiplication rule. Then clearly the square root of the pair (-1, 0) is (0, 1). Or in another words, the square root of -1 (the real part) is _i_ (a complex part of 1 unit). So in a sense there is no deep mystery with _i_. It is just a consequence of the definitions given above. These definitions are internally consistent and we call this system of numbers the complex numbers. Honestly, I just wish complex numbers were taught using this construction rather than the usual way they're introduced, which usually causes a lot of consternation and head scratching."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"What happens to your tongue and\/or tastebuds after eating a bag of Salt & Vinegar chips?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What happens to your tongue and\/or tastebuds after eating a bag of Salt & Vinegar chips?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Vinegar is an acid so the flavoring in the chips is acidic. Acid burns - in this case VERY slightly (like in Schezuan Peppercorns) and that \"burn\" stimulates the nerve endings in the tastebuds. Also, both vinegar and salt draw out water, so you're causing a slight fluid shift that changes intracellular pressures and pressure stimulates nerve endings, too (just like swelling is more often the cause of pain, so we take anti-swelling medications to relieve pain). In short - it's because the chips have several different ingredients that are stimulating the nerve endings on the tongue and until that dissipates the nerve endings there are \"over-stimulated\" and give that numb, tingly feeling. I mentioned it earlier but if you can get ahold of some schezuan\/sichuan peppercorns the effect is even more pronounced."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"If cold (flu) cases were mapped geographically over time, would you see the disease move in continuous waves or pop up in locations sporadically?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If cold (flu) cases were mapped geographically over time, would you see the disease move in continuous waves or pop up in locations sporadically?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"[As it happens, the CDC has a map of that!]( URL_2 ) You can watch it both rise and fall in swaths across the country. *Edit:* [Here's a similar map for Europe.]( URL_1 ) *Edit:* Thanks to \/u\/d_lowl for [this worldwide map]( URL_0 ) (scroll down)."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How did old homes cost so much less than new homes today, even with inflation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did old homes cost so much less than new homes today, even with inflation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That add was 1913. Average wage per year then was just less than 1300 dollars. That house was not a finished house you would still have to do all the interior work plus plumbing and electrical. You also would of had land and help to build it."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why do some cops in big cities like New York use horses?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do some cops in big cities like New York use horses?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Horses offer a number of benefits in city environments that make them an ideal partner in many situations. They allow a rider to sit up high for a better view of what's going on. They can turn around or maneuver in tighter spaces than a car could. Horses are great for dealing with crowds as well, because they're big animals and if they push you, you're going to move. There's also a bit of natural fear that humans have of a big animal that may trample them, so people tend to respect a horse much more than they respect a police car. Adding to that, some people won't think twice about smashing a cop car window, but it's a whole different story if you're attacking an animal. Especially if that animal can fight back. It's also only my personal opinion, but I think a cop on a horse is seen as a bit more friendly and personable than a cop in a car."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does frozen food sometimes \u201ctaste like a freezer\u201d?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does frozen food sometimes \u201ctaste like a freezer\u201d?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Freezer burn is a condition that occurs when frozen food has been damaged by dehydration and oxidation, due to air reaching the food. It is generally caused by food not being securely wrapped in air-tight packaging. Food is still safe to eat though but usually has that aftertaste you're talking about."} {"category":"Other","question":"if I have a bag of soil that says it will feed plants up to 9 months, will that bag of soil still feed plants if I wait to use it for a year or two?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n if I have a bag of soil that says it will feed plants up to 9 months, will that bag of soil still feed plants if I wait to use it for a year or two?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It means it will feed the plants for \"Up To\" 9 months. Yes, they are released when you water the plant. This isn't always good, because more nutrients can be released than are used by the plant which can cause over fertilization or burning."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How are atoms\/molecules able to create a living organism?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are atoms\/molecules able to create a living organism?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"My opinion but probably \"we don't really know\" is close to the truth. We don't have any issues talking about dead or alive when dealing with animals, insects, plants, bacteria etc. But as you get smaller and smaller and simpler and simpler, this transition from \"non living\" to \"living\" isn't as simple. Are viruses alive? Are prions alive? We know the constituent molecules that make up living organisms. We are also capable of synthesizing them in labs. We can also demonstrate that some of these molecules can be formed naturally in the environment. We even understand how these molecules function in living beings. But ultimately, we are not yet at a point where we can make a \"living\" organism from scratch. On another side of things, there is AI (and associated robotics). I believe there are some estimates that our best AI today is not equivalent to that of a cockroach (maybe we're close) At some point, we may have to answer the question of whether we can produce AI that is sentient. We might be closer to AI sentience compared to our ability to build a living organism out of atoms\/molecules."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"Von Neumann ordinals. What does it even mean to define numbers as sets of empty sets?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Von Neumann ordinals. What does it even mean to define numbers as sets of empty sets?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's just a way to contruct numbers from basic axioms. In ZFC (the usual axioms for set theory) all sets are built up from the empty set, so all look like this. You have to remember that this is just a respresentation of numbers, one that makes it easy to define and manipulate them formally. It isn't saying anything more profound."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"how was earth made? How is it formed as it is now and why are other planets not the same or similar as each other?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how was earth made? How is it formed as it is now and why are other planets not the same or similar as each other?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"A few more factors that help earth be unique. An active core creates a magnetic field, protecting us from suns radiation Our distance from the sun is just right for liquid water The existence of Jupiter and its gravitational pull protects earth from asteroid impacts, making earth safer. The tilt of the earth, which was caused by the moon colliding into us, gives us seasons. Seasons are important because they create just enough variety to encourage adaptation, without being too extreme to hinder the evolution of life. The moon is exceptionally large for a planet our size. This leads to strong tides which were critical to life moving to land."} {"category":"Other","question":"What's the difference between donating plasma and platelets? Is there any?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What's the difference between donating plasma and platelets? Is there any?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"From where you're gonna be sitting, it'll be the same. Blood goes out, big machine happens, blood goes back in, then your half hour saves someones life."} {"category":"Economics","question":"How does the \"sell your home for cash\" business work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the \"sell your home for cash\" business work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They buy up homes at laughably undertaker prices. They are able to do this as their target demographic (to buy the homes from) need the money immediately so they except the lowball offers. The buyers then either fix up and flip or outright flip the house for over what they paid the original owner. Since they have the luxury of time they are able to hold out for closer to market price and may even be able to go under to ensure a quicker sale. Basically the same game as pawn shops and cash for gold but at a larger scale. Edit: meant undermarket but undertaker makes me laugh."} {"category":"Other","question":"How does Uhaul\/any other car rental company keep vehicles equally distributed across the country?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does Uhaul\/any other car rental company keep vehicles equally distributed across the country?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Car rental businesses hire people to drive vehicles to other locations. I\u2019m sure Uhaul has something similar in place."} {"category":"Other","question":"why do comprehension notebooks have that distinctive white and black pattern?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do comprehension notebooks have that distinctive white and black pattern?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Composition, not comprehension. Nobody uses them, so they\u2019re still selling the same inventory produced in 1953, so they all still have the same style."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why does changing the number of protons change the element entirely?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does changing the number of protons change the element entirely?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's not so much about the protons as it is about the electrons. The protons just determine the 'neutral' or default number of electrons. Think about the electrons like the studs (those little nubs) on a lego brick. How many of them there are, as well as where they are located, plays a huge role in how the brick connects to other bricks. Some arrangements form strong connections, while others form weak connections. Stuff like that. As a bonus, the strength of a connection couples to the energy of it - stronger connections release more energy when they form and are favored in chemistry."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why is there \"LINT\" in our belly button by the end of the day?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is there \"LINT\" in our belly button by the end of the day?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> [**Georg Steinhauser**]( URL_2 ) of the Vienna University of Technology is primarily an atomic chemist. However, in 2009, he published the results of four years of research on belly button lint (or as the Brits charmingly call it, \"navel fluff\") in the journal [***Medical Hypotheses***]( URL_0 ). > > By studying a total of 503 pieces of lint from his own belly button \u2014 and asking friends about their navel fluff production patterns \u2014 he came to a simple conclusion. Stomach hair is responsible for producing belly button lint. > > \"The scaly structure of hair firstly enhances the abrasion of minuscule fibers from the shirt and secondly directs the lint into one direction \u2014 the navel \u2014 where it accumulates,\" he wrote. \"The hairs\u2019 scales act like a kind of 'barbed hooks.'\" [Source]( URL_1 )"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"if the digits of Pi are not random, why are all the digits distributed so evenly?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n if the digits of Pi are not random, why are all the digits distributed so evenly?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The digits of pi aren't random because they're derived from a formula (such as an infinite series, in the case of pi). However, because the digits of pi never repeat, over a large enough sample size, the number of occurrences of each digit will approach 10%. This is true of any non-repeating irrational number - e, the square root of 2, etc. EDIT: thanks for the corrections below - turns out it\u2019s only true if *most* real numbers! This is what I get for trying to remember college math trivia!"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do military paratroopers use round umbrella-like parachutes, and not the rectangular ones, like sport\/recreational skydivers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do military paratroopers use round umbrella-like parachutes, and not the rectangular ones, like sport\/recreational skydivers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Has been asnwered before here : URL_0 Even though I don't think it is a satisfactory answer. If they could steer, they could steer themselves to a central landing spot. Having additional control does is not worse than having no control. But, they claim to be a paratrooper, so I am going to take their answer for what it is."} {"category":"Other","question":"is there a way out of the usa two party system and how does a two party system represent the whole population of voters?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n is there a way out of the usa two party system and how does a two party system represent the whole population of voters?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"> Is there a way out of the two party system? Not without changing the voting system, which would take a constitutional amendment. That said you could absolutely change to STV voting or a proportional representative system. STV stands for Single transferable vote, you would still only get one vote, you would have the ability to rank your choices so if the candidate you vote for first doesnt get a significant amount of the vote your vote will be transferred to your second choice. It will still likely result in 2 parties controlling most of congress, but 3rd party candidates wont result in votes being pulled from like minded candidates. Alternatively we could move to a proportional representative system where seats will be assigned based on a percentage of the vote achieved. If a political party gets 30% of the vote then they get 30% of the seats. 55% of the vote would net you 55% of the seats. There are other systems that would allow third parties to hold a fair bit of power, but those systems will likely never be put in place. Any party that can gain enough power to change the system never will because it will only result in them losing power."} {"category":"Other","question":"what does it mean that the verb is 'reflexive'?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n what does it mean that the verb is 'reflexive'?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You have eyes. Two of them! When you look at stuff, we call you the subject, and we call the stuff the object. Now imagine yourself looking into a mirror. If you do it right, congrats! You are seeing yourself. You are both the person looking (subject) and the stuff being looked at (object). Reflexive verbs are reflective in the same way as the mirror. It reflects the action (looking, or whatever the verb is) back onto the subject. Just like you can look at yourself, you can wash yourself, get yourself out of bed, sit yourself down, and so on. Remember that old prayer: Now I lay me down to sleep? That's the same thing!"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Where do dimensions come from?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Where do dimensions come from?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"They don't \"come from\" anywhere in the sense that they're not *objects* - they're *measurements*. Draw a square. It has two dimensions: height and width. The dimensions didn't \"come from\" anywhere because they're just properties of the square. The *square* came from somewhere because it's a thing that exists - it came from you drawing it."} {"category":"Physics","question":"How do we prevent satellites from crashing into each other or from losing its trajectory. What happens when they malfunction?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do we prevent satellites from crashing into each other or from losing its trajectory. What happens when they malfunction?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There is an awful lot of space up there and the areas for satellites are assigned to different countries so they keep there own satellites from bumping into each other, while in orbit the satellites are basically all moving at the same velocity so can't catch up with another vehicle in the same lane on the motorway."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How do you write an unsolvable math problem? If nobody can solve it, how do we know that there is an answer for it","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do you write an unsolvable math problem? If nobody can solve it, how do we know that there is an answer for it","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There are some math problems for which it has been proven there is no solution. For example, it has been proven that there is no solution to this problem: > Find three positive integers a, b, and c such that a^n + b^n = c^n for an integer n greater that 2. The proof that no three such integers can be found is Fermat's last theorem, which took quite a lot of work to prove. In cases where no one has found a solution, but the lack of a solution has not been proven, we don't know whether or not there is a solution."} {"category":"Biology","question":"how does the sun give living organisms energy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does the sun give living organisms energy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The sun releases different types of light. Light is just traveling energy. Some organisms, like plants, have chemical machines in their cells that can catch that light energy and store it in the cell. The energy can be transferred to other parts of the cell that carry out the process of living for the plant, or it can be used to make sugar which is stored by the plant for later use. Think of it like electricity making a factory work."} {"category":"Economics","question":"why do gas stations still have an 89 octane offering?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do gas stations still have an 89 octane offering?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because there are still a lot of cars on the road that don't require higher octane fuel. Not to mention boats, lawnmowers, generators, etc."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How do you recalculate odds after each attempt at something?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do you recalculate odds after each attempt at something?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Nope. The chance per month remains the same. It doesn't stack, eventually leading to a 100% chance or something. For instance, if condoms have a 1 in a 1000 failure rate, that doesn't mean that if you use condoms 1000 times you'll have 1 failure. It means that for EVERY time you use one, you have a 1:1000 chance of product failure. You could never see a single failure. Someone else could see 1 a month."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"How does Godel numbering work and what are the implications of it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does Godel numbering work and what are the implications of it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The key idea is that you can map a logic statement or even a whole proof to a natural number in a way that lets you get back to the original statement if you're given the number. This lets you take anything you already know about natural numbers and functions that operate on natural numbers, and apply it to prove things about statements and proofs. The precise mapping isn't actually important as long as you can prove that at least one such mapping exists. You never really want to calculate the number for a specific statement, you just want to be able to say \"let *n* be the number which represents this statement\" and know that such a thing exists. Godel's approach was to assign a number to each possible symbol you'd write in a statement. Perhaps we let the digits 1-9 be 1-9, then 0 can be 10, + can be 11, & times; can be 12, = can be 13, and so on. Then \"2+2=4\" gives you the sequence of numbers 2,11,2,13,4. You turn that into a single number by raising the first prime numbers to those powers and multiplying them together, giving you 2^(2)3^(11)5^(2)7^(13)11^(4). This is nice from a mathematical point of view because prime factorisations are nice. An alternative that's perhaps more intuitive in the age of computers is to just write the statement in a text file and treat that file as one long binary number. Unicode does the same job of mapping symbols to numbers, so we don't need to make up our own."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If skin cells die and fall off everyday, how do we still have freckles and scars?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If skin cells die and fall off everyday, how do we still have freckles and scars?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The same way we still have regular skin which acts differently in various locations (such as hair growth in some places and no hair in others)\u2014 it gets replaced with the same type of cell that is programmed to act the same way. Some of these things may seem like \u201cflaws\u201d (cosmetically or otherwise) but they are just following the body\u2019s chemical signaling, or genetic makeup of the cells in that location. As far as the replacement cells are concerned you are \u201csupposed\u201d to have a freckle there so it stays. And when it comes to scars\u2014 they form during the (relatively fast) healing process when it may not be possible to fully, or quickly rebuild the underlying structure with the same circulation, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, etc to restore the original appearance and function... so scars can fade over time but there are good reasons why they persist and take a long time to heal."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does our voice sound different when our nose is pinched or stuffy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does our voice sound different when our nose is pinched or stuffy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Some sounds require air to escape our nostrils such as an mmmmm sound. When that area is impeded the sound needs to escape through your mouth making the sound strange. If you try to make a mmm sound whilst pinching your nose you will feel air accumulate in your mouth."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do video game console makers lose money from consoles regardless of success and popularity?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do video game console makers lose money from consoles regardless of success and popularity?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because consoles are almost always sold at a loss. Making and marketing a home video game console is pretty damn expensive, and nobody expects to actually make a profit on the console. The point of the console is to get you into their game\/media environment. Because games are basically all profit for the console manufacturers."} {"category":"Other","question":"How do composers write music?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do composers write music?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's all a grand formula called music theory. With Hans Zimmer and most other composers the steps go kind of like this: find a theme, build a central melody and build around the melody. Finding a theme is first step of the creative process and a theme can be deliberately sought after by a composer or it can just come to them. Hans Zimmer wrote the score to the Dark Knight because he was paid to write a Dark Knight soundtrack. Beethoven wrote his fifth symphony because he was contemplating his life after going near deaf. Think of this as the overall spirit or personality of the piece. The next step is developing a melody or motif, this step often includes most of the technical structuring of the piece. This can include time signature, playing directives, key signature and tempo. Think about the iconic Dark Knight theme and how it fits the theme of the movie itself. Or perhaps think about the easily recognizable opening of the Fifth Symphony (short short short long) that reappears throughout the piece. This step is probably the most important step in the composition process and is the heart of the piece. The last step is usually to develop a harmony and 'background'. This includes most of minor instrumentation, bass line and beat. This step is important and it's what separates a good composer from a great one, however it isn't as central to the piece as the first two steps."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"how does eccentricity of the Earth\u2019s orbit affect the global mean temperature?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does eccentricity of the Earth\u2019s orbit affect the global mean temperature?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It doesn't, not really. Earth's orbit is almost circular, meaning it has very little effect on climate. Also, being closer or further away from the sun has even less of an impact than you might think. It's the tilt of the earth that has the biggest effect on weather."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Reptiles are air breathing animals. However, when they're in an egg, they have no source of air like mammals do in the womb. How do they survive without air while developing?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Reptiles are air breathing animals. However, when they're in an egg, they have no source of air like mammals do in the womb. How do they survive without air while developing?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When the egg is laid, it is very warm, as it cools, a thin membrane shrinks away from the interior, creating a pocket of air. The developing animal uses this air, and exhales CO2, which is pushed through millions of pores on the shell, allowing fresh air to come in. This is similar for both lizards and birds."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"\"The core of the planet earth is made of iron and nickel\": how scientists can determine that if no one has been in the core of the earth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n \"The core of the planet earth is made of iron and nickel\": how scientists can determine that if no one has been in the core of the earth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We have a pretty good idea about what's on the inside of the Earth, based on the geologist's equivalent of a CAT scan or an MRI -- earthquake data. When an earthquake happens, it sends waves bouncing around the inside of the planet. These waves change direction and speed based on the kinds of materials they pass through. Geologists can detect the movement of these waves by taking measurements at different locations all across the planet, and in so doing, build a picture of how the inside of the planet is constructed. That's how we know that the interior of the Earth is separated into four layers, that the innermost is made of something solid, and that at least one of them is an actual liquid. From here, scientists can use other information to get an idea of what elements the interior is actually composed of. Based on the estimated density of the solid inner core, we can guess that it's probably made of iron. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that iron appears to be exceedingly plentiful in the solar system. Given how plentiful it is, and given that we know it's a very dense element, and given what we know about how a dense metal like iron would behave in a still-molten Earth when it was forming, it makes sense that Iron is probably what our core is made of. We can guess a few more things about how the inner and outer cores behave, based on the fact that the Earth has a magnetic field. We know that the inner core must be rotating, and that the outer core must be convecting, because without those two things, the Earth would not have a magnetic field. So the existence of some external factors can tell us a lot about the internal factors of our planet."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do search engines find their URLs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do search engines find their URLs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Search engines \"crawl\" the internet to search for content that will satisfy the user's search. Website devs need to optimize their website so they can be indexed (or \"crawled\") and they also includes optimizing the URL so it can be crawled. Optimizing (being relevant being one very key point) also helps your search engine result page (serp) rank increase (showing up as first result is most desired because 75% of us don't go beyond the first page of SERPs), but without going into marketing, that's the basics"} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why does a lacrosse ball's spin invert when it bounces?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does a lacrosse ball's spin invert when it bounces?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It doesn't make a single point of contact, the spin means a successive series of points make contact and the rotating forces on these points push off from the surface meaning the spin is reflected."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are 100%cotton button-down shirts made out of a different fabric than 100% cotton t-shirts?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are 100%cotton button-down shirts made out of a different fabric than 100% cotton t-shirts?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Woven fabric vs. knit fabric is why button downs don't have the stretch that t-shirts do. Here's a blown up photo of [woven fabric]( URL_0 ), which has a grid look to it. And here's [knit fabric]( URL_1 ), which is interlocking loops. While these aren't cotton shirt material, you can see the difference in the fabric's structure."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"how does ibuprofen blocks pain differently than paracetamol?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does ibuprofen blocks pain differently than paracetamol?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Ibuprofen reduces the production of Cox-2, a hormone that creates inflammation. Paracetamol works by interrupting the signals to the brain that tells you that you have pain. This is why paracetamol doesnt do anything for inflammation and swelling."} {"category":"Economics","question":"What is a value-added tax and how is it different from a sales tax?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is a value-added tax and how is it different from a sales tax?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Sales tax is added to sales. Vat is added to each stage of production, and the to the consumer. It\u2019s simply tax that is just passed down until it hits the consumer, put paid at each step."} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What discoveries did the famous mathematician Euler actually find?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What discoveries did the famous mathematician Euler actually find?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Euler did **a lot** for modern mathematics and some of his work is pretty abstract. His work on graph theory, for example, is pretty hard to explain at a low level simply because the topic itself is pretty abstract. It does have many useful application, though, e.g. in computer science, machine learning, and AI. His most famous contribution though, has to be either **the concept of a function**, or **Euler's formula** for complex numbers. Basically, for the first one Euler formalized, named, and established much of the notation we use when we're looking at some property or physical quantity and **how it changes and accumulates over time**. This is the branch of mathematics know as analysis - derivatives and integrals belong in here. The second one provides a way of transferring pretty much any trigonometric expression or relationship to a complex exponential form. This might not sound very astounding but anyone who's done a bit of complex analysis can assure you these complex exponentials are **way easier** to work with. Since pretty much **any** signal, oscillation, or varying quantity or whatever can be modeled with a finite sum of trigonometric functions using Fourier transform, Euler's formulas helps us turn that model into something we can easily manipulate. Basically, it makes a lot of otherwise hard (or even analytically unsolvable) math easy. There's really no understating how much our modern technology depends on this. Pretty much every single piece of electronic you have ever encountered has been facilitated through Euler's work."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why is the rescue of those boys from the cave in Thailand taking so long?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is the rescue of those boys from the cave in Thailand taking so long?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"1. Many of them can't swim, let alone dive; 2. They are about 1 mile into the cave system and maybe 1\/2 mile deep (or more); 3. It takes experienced divers from the Thai Royal Navy Seals 3 hours to get to them; 4. The strong currents, heavy mud and lack of visibility make it very dangerous even for professionals."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How do animated movies stay up to date when they take multiple years to complete?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do animated movies stay up to date when they take multiple years to complete?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"All the other movies are \"outdated\" too, so everyone ends up on a level playing field. Just like with videogames. And yes, this means that if your schedule takes longer than usual, you'll be behind the curve. This is what stalled Duke Nukem Forever. I think the effect is somewhat lessened in movies where there's a greater focus on story rather than technical animation."} {"category":"Other","question":"For people with solar panels, how does the electrical company buy power off you if you have more than enough?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n For people with solar panels, how does the electrical company buy power off you if you have more than enough?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I get credited at the end of the billing cycle for excess at a drastically lower rate then they sell it for"} {"category":"Physics","question":"What is the threshold for speed for an object on earth?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the threshold for speed for an object on earth?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"hilariously at approximately 125'000 mph \/ 200'000 km\/h a Manhole Cover is currently the fastest man made object ever inside our atmopsphere. URL_0"} {"category":"Biology","question":"It's said that a single strand of DNA contains roughly 4 megabytes of information. How exactly do they know this and how are bytes convertible to something physical like base pairs?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n It's said that a single strand of DNA contains roughly 4 megabytes of information. How exactly do they know this and how are bytes convertible to something physical like base pairs?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Well, with only one of four nucleotides possible at any position on the strand (A, C, T, G), the nucleotide could be represented by a number 0, 1, 2 or 3, or the binary equivalent 00, 01, 10 or 11 (two bits per nucleotide). From there, it's just a matter of multiplying by the number of positions on the DNA strand for the total number of bits, and then dividing by eight to get bytes. The number still seems a bit off though, so perhaps I'm missing something."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If I everything I see is inverted, then why is the sky considered up? Do we actually look down at the Sun?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If I everything I see is inverted, then why is the sky considered up? Do we actually look down at the Sun?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"That's just because of the shape of your eye. The interior of your eye isn't flat, it have a concave shape. So the light from the sky, enter you eye and illuminate the bottom of your eye. The light from the ground enter your eye and illuminate the top of your eye. So your eye see everything upside down. You brain swap the image so you see it the right way. The only thing upside down is the image on your retina. The real world and how you see isn't upside down."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How are those who use card skimmers and other means of fraud not immediately traced and prosecuted?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How are those who use card skimmers and other means of fraud not immediately traced and prosecuted?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It can be extremely difficult to determine who placed a skimmer, especially if the placement was done stealthily. The skimmer itself should contain little to no personal details about who placed it. Some skimmers can communicate wirelessly and may never be physically retrieved by that person, making it difficult to trap the person. Once that person has credit card information, that person is likely to sell off the data to others, making it difficult to trace who originally captured the numbers."} {"category":"Technology","question":"How old phones could turn theirselves on for alarm, whereas smartphones cannot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How old phones could turn theirselves on for alarm, whereas smartphones cannot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's all about permissions and what files an app can change. Apps can do a lot of things, like downloading stuff, access your camera, turn the screen on, play music etc. But there are some things that an app can't do because the Phone system does not allow it. Talking about Android here, I don't know how iOS and other OS work. In Android there are different layers of access. [Check this image here]( URL_0 ). You can see that in the bottom you have the Drivers like **POWER MANAGMENT** and then you have libraries, followed by FrameWorks and only then the Apps. Apps can use the Frameworks \"at will\". That why Facebook, Uber, Pokemon Go and other apps know your location: they get information from the *Location Manager*. Apps only have access to that layer of options, only that layer! About turning on the device. It was to do with the Power Management. And that is on the lowest layer possible, apps have no access to it. It is controlled only by the OS. You can't touch the files in that layer (YOU CAN, BUT APPS USUALLY CAN NOT!!). They need permissions that apps don't have. Otherwise virus could change that an Android OS would be a pretty vunerable system. **WHY OLD PHONE COULD DO IT?!** Because the Software was written FOR THAT PHONE (or a group of phones like symbian). There was only 1 app for watch, 1 app for calendar, 1 app for camera, 1 app for phone. etc. In Android there are zero apps that are hard-wired into the system. (Talking about standart Android, companies usually \"tuned\" it a bit) **TL;DR:** Check the image. Apps can only use the second from top layer. Turning on option is on the bottom so apps can't access that. Old phones software were made just for that purpose."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why does using an ad blocker cause the youtuber not to earn ad revenue? How does youtube know that ads are being blocked?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why does using an ad blocker cause the youtuber not to earn ad revenue? How does youtube know that ads are being blocked?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I'm not sure which method YouTube uses. But one common method of measuring ad displays is looking at how often an ad image is displayed. When you see an ad on a website, it means the image for that ad has been downloaded to your computer to display it in your browser. This download can be tracked on the server where the ad has been hosted. When you block ads, you prevent the displaying and thus downloading of the ad image. Which means it never gets counted as a displayed ad."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Everyday we breathe CO2, and it's everywhere on our lives, but if you take away an Oxygen molecule and get CO, it becomes poisonous (Carbon Monoxide). Why is this?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Everyday we breathe CO2, and it's everywhere on our lives, but if you take away an Oxygen molecule and get CO, it becomes poisonous (Carbon Monoxide). Why is this?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The reason why Carbon monoxide is dangerous is because it has a strong binding affinity to hemoglobine - the molecule that binds and transports oxygen through our blood. In fact, the affinity with Carbon monoxide is higher than oxygen. So what will happen is that your bloodcells will take up carbon monoxide in the lungs, instead of oxygen, and your blood will not contain enough oxygen for all your cells. CO2 has a far lower binding affinity to hemoglobin and is in fact used to regulate breathing. (High co2 in the blood causes us to breath more instead of low oxygen)"} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why are 32-bit PCs still being made when most programs are now strictly 64-bit?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why are 32-bit PCs still being made when most programs are now strictly 64-bit?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Legacy support mostly. It's not really an issue in the consumer space, but you'd be surprised the kinds of legacy crap enterprises carry forward because upgrading would be \"too difficult\" or \"too expensive\". I know of one group in my org who still uses Access 98 databases for business-critical functions. And until recently another group used a homebrewed DOS-based application to track the last 30 years worth of worker's comp claims."} {"category":"Technology","question":"What is the role of an \u201cengine\u201d in videogame production?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the role of an \u201cengine\u201d in videogame production?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So, imagine you're a developer. You want to make a game, but you've never made one before. Where do you start? Game engines provide a pre-built scaffolding full of functionality that work out-of-the-box. Do you want Fog in your game? Unreal Engine has Atmospheric fog built in! ( URL_0 ) Rather than take the time to develop fog, which might take a developer weeks, you just use the functionality native in the engine. The same goes for various other concepts you might want to implement. Just the same, training developers is simpler if you use an engine. Has a developer previously worked on an Unreal Engine game? Great, they have a head start on your code-base and should only have to learn the things that you've done from scratch rather than your entire codebase."} {"category":"Other","question":"[Psychology?] Why do we as humans speak in a higher pitch to things we consider cute?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n [Psychology?] Why do we as humans speak in a higher pitch to things we consider cute?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"We instinctively speak in a higher tone to human babies, to make ourselves less threatening to them. Speaking to other things like that is a consequence of that association."} {"category":"Other","question":"- how did space scientist know all these exist and where they are located? (Illustration of the extended universe provided)","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n - how did space scientist know all these exist and where they are located? (Illustration of the extended universe provided)","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"This is a highly stylized, artistic representation of the universe. Most of the things we know about the universe are derived from the photons (both visible and invisible) that reach us from outer space. This data is then interpreted with the help of physical theories, mostly General Relativity. We know that there are [clusters]( URL_1 ) of galaxies that are arranged in bigger structures, so-called [superclusters]( URL_2 ). We know this from the light emitted by these galaxies. We also know that the universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. The reason we know this is related to the finite speed of light. As the speed of light is finite, as opposed to infinite, it takes time for a distantly emitted photon to reach earth. Thus, the further we look in space, the farther we look back in time, since the time a photon takes to reach us corresponds to the distance of the source from which it was emitted. This allows us to chart the history of the universe by looking further and further outwards. And what we see is, that all galaxy clusters are moving away from all other galaxy clusters. This implies, that the universe is expanding. The furthest we can see is the [cosmic microwave background (CMB)]( URL_0 ). These photons were emitted at the instance the universe became cold enough to form neutral atoms and thereby became transparent to photons. This happened roughly 300,000 years after the Big Bang. The shape of the universe can be inferred from measuring the sum of the angles of triangles spanned by cosmic structures. If the sum of the angles is 180\u00b0, the universe is flat, if the sum of the angles exceeds 180\u00b0, the universe has a positive global curvature and if the sum of the angles is below 180\u00b0, the global curvature of the universe is negative. Please note that \"flat\" is not meant in the sense of 2-dimensional here. Rather, flat refers to an intrinsic geometric property of the universe, which, for example, results in parallel lines remaining parallel at all points."} {"category":"Biology","question":"How do goalkeepers not break or dislocate their shoulders when they dive to stop the ball? Are there any precautions they take, or are they simply fit enough to be okay?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How do goalkeepers not break or dislocate their shoulders when they dive to stop the ball? Are there any precautions they take, or are they simply fit enough to be okay?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It is really really easy to fall without breaking or dislocating your shoulder. Shoulders are pretty strong, and so long as you don\u2019t get your arm in an awkward position (which can be avoided by just thinking about where you place it) then you will be just fine."} {"category":"Other","question":"Why did the police side with United Airlines?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why did the police side with United Airlines?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's a violation of federal law to not comply with crew instructions for one. Yes, United screwed up and the guy got screwed, but being stubborn and refusing to get off the plane doesn't help anybody."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Is there any actual benefit of the increase in funding of the US military?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Is there any actual benefit of the increase in funding of the US military?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Increases in US military spending are a form of campaign finance quid pro quo where tax dollars are used to repay campaign contributions from military contractors once elected to office. US military spending never translates to better standards of living or levels of compensation for members of the military."} {"category":"Economics","question":"Why do companies seem that they have no ethics and will do anything for money?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do companies seem that they have no ethics and will do anything for money?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Because it is true. And that is not necessarily a bad thing. Companies are not immoral, they are amoral. They are a structure people invented to maximize profit, and that is exactly what they do. Problems can arise because a corporation can dilute moral responsibility. Each individual in the company can make moral decisions and you still wind up with what many would consider to be immoral results. That is why it is so important governments create rules for companies to followed and punish companies that do not."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why do FAT32 Drives can only have upper case letters on its name?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do FAT32 Drives can only have upper case letters on its name?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The really short answer is backwards compatibility. The longer answer is that the file names are not case sensitive, but the file system is case-insensitive. This means that a file named \u201cfile\u201d and one named \u201cFile\u201d are the same as far as the file system is concerned. Trying to save both of those files in the same directory would result in the second over-writing the first. If you\u2019re wondering why commands like \u201cdir\u201d show everything in uppercase, it\u2019s that backwards compatibility. However \u201cfile\u201d was saved, it will be displayed as \u201cFILE\u201d for ease and consistency. In savvier programs, you should see the last case of the file as saved."} {"category":"Biology","question":"If hard liquor like gin, vodka and whiskey are said to have no sugar or carbs, how does it impact your insulin levels and weight? Is the former just incorrect?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n If hard liquor like gin, vodka and whiskey are said to have no sugar or carbs, how does it impact your insulin levels and weight? Is the former just incorrect?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Between fermentation & distilation, there should be virtually zero carbs in hard alcohol. The body, however, breaks down alcohol for energy and *that* is what causes problems for diabetics & weight gain. A shot of vodka is roughly 100 calories. If you eat \"normally\" (ie - all you \"need\") and then have a few drinks every night, those calories add up over time."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"how\/why do pot holes randomly form in the middle of straight flat roads where weight from vechiles would be evenly distributed?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how\/why do pot holes randomly form in the middle of straight flat roads where weight from vechiles would be evenly distributed?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Weight isn't necessarily what causes potholes. Expansion and contraction from heat causes cracks, and from there the break-up of material is inevitable. Different places will have different causes. I recently heard a guest speaker on NPR talking about how there were so many kinds of potholes. I'll see if I can find what I was listening to and link it. Edit - found it! [All Things Considered, March 14, 2019]( URL_0 ) > There's all kinds of modes of failure for pavement. What's likely the most common one in many parts of the nation where you have a street that's got multiple layers on it - we have this in Des Moines, where it's an older concrete street that's been overlaid with two inches of asphalt. What happens is, over time, the concrete and the asphalt shrink and grow at different rates as we experience temperature extremes. And then water will get in those cracks that are formed by that movement, and then it freezes and can pop out the top two inches of that asphalt. And > The most common ones are slab breaks, corner, you know, de-cracking, pop-outs, frost heaving. There's a whole menu of different ways that a street will fail."} {"category":"Other","question":"why do they scan you boarding pass when you buy stuff at the airport?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do they scan you boarding pass when you buy stuff at the airport?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"It's worth noting that this only happens at duty-free shops. You purchase things (usually tobacco, alcohol, or other products that have a fair amount of taxes) without paying said taxes, with the understanding you'll pay them in the country you are going to. Most countries have an amount of product that can be purchased overseas without being taxed, though. Them scanning your boarding pass confirms you are actually going overseas and are not staying domestically (where you would need to pay the tax). You can read a little more about it at the wikipedia article for duty-free shops: URL_0"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"What is the principle behind, \"If you count it you change the outcome?\" I've been seeing variations of this around lately and have no clue what it means.","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n What is the principle behind, \"If you count it you change the outcome?\" I've been seeing variations of this around lately and have no clue what it means.","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"There's a principle in human psychology \/ economics \/ business that whatever you track and incentivize, people will modify their behavior to take advantage of. If you start tracking the number of new accounts a salesman makes and promote or fire them based on that, but not how happy the customers are or how much they use the accounts, they'll start [lying to customers or even making up fake customer accounts]( URL_0 ) in order to meet their performance requirements. If you start making cruise ships pay for bilgewater dumping safely at ports, they'll [start dumping it unsafely]( URL_1 ) at sea. If you start giving all schoolchildren standardized tests that only test for a portion of what a well-rounded child should be capable of, the teachers will teach only what is on the test, and nothing else, and college preparation services will teach strategies for the test, and not actual useful knowledge, potentially making the schoolchildren more poorly-educated than they would have been without the test at all. It's important to select metrics that actually track what the goals of your organization are."} {"category":"Biology","question":"Why do trees give fruits instead of just dropping the seed like flowers?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do trees give fruits instead of just dropping the seed like flowers?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"If it drops seeds then the new tree will be in direct competition with the parent tree. If it can convince other animals to carry its seeds far and wide it passes on its genetics without having increased competition."} {"category":"Physics","question":"Why do people say to not land on water when falling from a high altitude?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do people say to not land on water when falling from a high altitude?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Nope, not nearly gradual enough. The stopping distance is still very short, relative to your speed, making deceleration quite violent. I believe the record for surviving a high dive is just over fifty metres, with proper (professional stuntman, I believe)diving form. Edit: current record is thought to be 58.8 meters, 'pencil dive,' set by Laso Schaller in 2015. Sponsored by Red Bull, of course. Second edit: sweet nauseated Jesus, there's helmet cam footage: URL_0"} {"category":"Mathematics","question":"CBO Score and why is it so important?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n CBO Score and why is it so important?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The Congressional Budget Office looks at proposed legislation and estimates how a bill would change the government's income and expenditures. It allows for informed decision-making by decreasing the likelihood of a bill being passed that has drastic, unintended consequences."} {"category":"Biology","question":"When is a plant considered officially dead?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When is a plant considered officially dead?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I don't know that there is any official legal or technical declaration of plant death which is consistently followed. Usually individuals will consider a plant to be dead when as a whole it isn't able to recover from its current state even if some clippings may be viable."} {"category":"Technology","question":"why can\u2019t phone cameras just record horizontally whilst in a vertical orientation?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why can\u2019t phone cameras just record horizontally whilst in a vertical orientation?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The sensor is a rectangle, not a square, and it\u2019s proportional to the phone\u2019s rectangular dimensions. So when the phone is held vertically, the camera sensor is also vertical. If you wanted the image to be horizontal then you have to crop it, which means you\u2019d be using less pixels than the sensor is capable of. That\u2019s something you can easily do after taking the picture so most manufacturers don\u2019t bother to complicate the picture taking software with that sort of option when taking a picture. Someone certainly could build a phone where the sensor was perpendicular to the camera orientation so that you could use the full sensor but probably not many people have ever requested that feature so it\u2019s not going to be very common."} {"category":"Psychology","question":"why do ordinarily unexciting things become super interesting when one is procrastinating work?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n why do ordinarily unexciting things become super interesting when one is procrastinating work?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"So I'm not a psychologist or anything, but procrastination was described to me as a battle of self-control\/motivation versus the negative effects of actually performing the task. When the negativities (anxiety, stress, fear of failure, exhaustion, etc.) outweigh our self-control and motivation to get the task done; we start to seek out other meaningless things to do (such as scroll through Reddit) in order to distract ourselves from all the stress. Eventually, the pressure to perform the task increases to a breaking point (usually as the deadline approaches) and our self-control\/motivation kicks back in allowing us to stop procrastinating and actually do what we're supposed to."} {"category":"Physics","question":"When a rocket slows down, what happens with the kinetic energy?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n When a rocket slows down, what happens with the kinetic energy?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"You are completely right. When a rocket slows down it loses kinetic energy and that energy needs to go somewhere. When a rocket fires its engines it spews out a lot of propellant at high speed. When the engine is pointed in the direction of travel these exhaust gasses will get the speed not only of the rocket but also from the combustion in the engine. So the exhaust gases have a lot more kinetic energy then the rocket. This is because the rocket gives its kinetic energy to the propellant. And this causes the rocket to slow down."} {"category":"Technology","question":"Why is it important for websites to verify that you're not a robot?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why is it important for websites to verify that you're not a robot?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Spam bots are a common method of malicious online robot. They spam message boards or other internet sites with repeated advertisements (at best, more malicious things at worst). they also participate in phishing scams (where they try to steal your password\/information). Those verification steps help cut down on those bad actors."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"Why do apples turn brown\/red after cutting and leaving them in room temperature for a bit?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n Why do apples turn brown\/red after cutting and leaving them in room temperature for a bit?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"When an apple is cut open, an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase is released from the cells of the apple and reacts with the oxygen in the air. This causes it to turn brown. It's similar to rust forming on metal. But, if you put lemon juice on the slices, it helps slow down the browning. Lime juice works too. Both are high in vitamin c (ascorbic acid) and have a relatively low pH (acidic). Oxygen will work on the ascorbic acid in the juice before it works on the polyphenol oxidase in the apple, slowing down the browning of your apple slices."} {"category":"Physics","question":"how does the moon control our tides? And what would happen without it?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n how does the moon control our tides? And what would happen without it?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"Gravity weakens with distance, so the part of the Earth nearest the Moon is pulled by it more strongly than the center, which in turn is pulled more strongly than the far point. In effect, the Moon is pulling these two opposite points away from each other. Fortunately for us, this force is much weaker than Earth's self-gravity, but it does stretch the Earth and, obviously, the oceans more so. Similarly Earth exerts a tide on the Moon: its equator is not quite round, and the tide keeps its long axis pointing toward us."} {"category":"Other","question":"How is Russia able to do all the naughty things they do without much international intervention?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How is Russia able to do all the naughty things they do without much international intervention?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"No country wants a serious fight. Russia would be a actual threat. Because of this you also risk other countries that might not have been a issue becoming one as they join up with Russia or take advantage of others weakened by them. It's the same reason no one intercedes the US or China as well."} {"category":"Other","question":"How did we ALL know to blow into the NES game cartridge to get it to work again?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did we ALL know to blow into the NES game cartridge to get it to work again?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"People generally had some understanding of electrical contacts and that if theyre dirty they wont work. Funny enough, youre actually not supposed to blow into cartridges, so we were all wrong."} {"category":"Chemistry","question":"How does the water in bottle get old?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How does the water in bottle get old?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"The water itself isn't an issue. The bottle, however, can begin to break down over time. This could leach plastic into the water. The water doesn't get old, but it can become contaminated by the old plastic bottle."} {"category":"Earth Science","question":"How did we got to know that out of 10000+ mountains in Himalayas Mt. Everest is the highest one ?","prompt":[{"content":"The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <\/thinking> and\n <\/answer> tags, respectively, i.e., reasoning process here <\/thinking> answer here <\/answer>.\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with tag and end with <\/answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening tag or after the closing <\/answer> tag.\n- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing <\/thinking> tag and the opening tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n\n[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]\n<\/thinking>\n\n[Your final answer goes here]\n<\/answer>\n How did we got to know that out of 10000+ mountains in Himalayas Mt. Everest is the highest one ?","role":"user"}],"ground_truth":"I'm sure it's possible today using satellites or whatever but back in the 19th century, surveyors used an instrument called a theodolite. Basically it's a telescope mounted on a stand which records precise angular measurements. All you need to do is stand at two or more points whose positions and elevations are known, point your telescope at the peak, record the angles, and do some trigonometry (there are other factors like light refraction you have to contend with, but this is ELI5). Using this technique, Everest was first correctly named the highest peak in the world in 1852. [Several other peaks]( URL_0 ) had been incorrectly named the highest in the past."}