Question: Why haven't the discoverers of HIV/AIDS drug cocktails been awarded a Nobel Prize in Medicine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why haven't the discoverers of HIV/AIDS drug cocktails been awarded a Nobel Prize in Medicine?

There's nothing especially ground breaking about the cocktails - they simply combined three pre-existing drugs of different classes (typically two nucleoside analogues and a protease inhibitor) in one pill. They did it in order order to make it more difficult for HIV to evolve drug resistance (because it's harder to evolve drug resistance against three drugs simultaneously than it is to do it against one.) Okay, so why not award the prize to the guys who invented those drugs? Well, funny thing is, the first nucleoside analog (AZT, aka Zidovudine) was invented in the 60s as an anti-cancer drug. At the time, it was thought that cancer was caused by a virus. It's not, so the drug didn't work. It got put on the shelf for 20 years. Around came the 80s, the AIDs outbreak happened, and scientists started furiously testing every single thing on the shelf. Turns out the defective anti-cancer drug from the 60s actually worked. But there wasn't really any genius moment there - it was more trial-and-error combined with desperation. EDIT: Also, Luc Montagnier, one of the two guys who discovered that HIV causes AIDs, got the Noble Prize in 2008. Robert Gallo, his co-discovered, did not. (That's probably because Robert Gallo [committed fraud]( URL_0 ) and essentially "stole" some of the virus isolates used by the french team.)


Question: why helicopter pilots can't escape in case of danger as they do in jet and save themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why helicopter pilots can't escape in case of danger as they do in jet and save themselves?

They can't eject straight up or else they'd be torn up by the rotors, and helicopters usually fly much lower than airplanes, so ejecting sideways likely wouldn't give them enough altitude for their parachute to slow them much before they hit the ground.


Question: Where do internet providers get the internet they're providing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do internet providers get the internet they're providing?

The internet is a communication network, not a substance. I blame all the silly water analogies for making a lot of people thinking this. They don't get the internet anywhere, the collective interconnected ISPs and the computers connected to their networks *is* the internet.


Question: how come iPhones dark mode is easier on the eyes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how come iPhones dark mode is easier on the eyes?

For people with “normal” vision, dark vs bright just a matter of taste as far as we know. Some people with some forms of severe astigmatism find that the light text + dark background can be aggravating for their symptoms, so they’d probably choose light mode instead. The more important light wave is the blue light, that can make your eyes tired, disrupt your circadian rhythm, and may lead to macular degeneration (to be studied further).


Question: In 2015, US total Net Worth was $84,900,000,000,000 and there were 125,590,000 US households. Does this mean that if wealth were evenly distributed every household could 'have' $676,009?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In 2015, US total Net Worth was $84,900,000,000,000 and there were 125,590,000 US households. Does this mean that if wealth were evenly distributed every household could 'have' $676,009?

As a follow-up question, does that $84 Trillion include, say, the value of all of the highways and power plants and sewer systems that can't be neatly divided?


Question: how small can pc chips really get, the recent introduction of 7nm chips from AMD made me think is there some kind of limit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how small can pc chips really get, the recent introduction of 7nm chips from AMD made me think is there some kind of limit?

Yes there is a limit. if 7nm isn't the limit, you can see it from there. Given AMD's yield numbers, it might be 10nm. Quantum mechanics says that an electron isn't a little billiard ball of charge, it's a cloudy region where the charge is statistically located. When features get too small, the individual electrons can "tunnel" through the insulator walls and get out of one part of the circuit and into another part unpredictably. It's like using a pipe with holes in it, you can make the place at the end of the pipe wet, but you can't easily make it enough wetter than the places under the pip that it encodes a "1" or "0" of information. When everyplace is wet, you can't compute with "wet" vs "dry".


Question: If chemical reactions release energy which produces heat, how does a chemical ice pack work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If chemical reactions release energy which produces heat, how does a chemical ice pack work?

This is called an endothermic reaction. When the water pack inside is broken it mixes with whatever substance is inside and this causes heat to be absorbed rapidly. edit: spelling.


Question: if water can evaporate at room temperature, why aren't there MANY more rainclouds constantly hovering over the entire planet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if water can evaporate at room temperature, why aren't there MANY more rainclouds constantly hovering over the entire planet?

Water vapor is an invisible gas. Clouds are made of water that has condensed back into a liquid. Even when there's no clouds, there's still usually a bunch of water vapor in the air, so that water from your cup/pool is just sitting, invisibly, in the air above it. It takes specific circumstances to condense it into clouds.


Question: Why so European countries invert the comma and decimal point in numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why so European countries invert the comma and decimal point in numbers?

Why dont we all use the metric system? There have been satalites crashing because of metric/imperial system confusions. I think its is one of those things noone wants to change because "they used it so long they cant change it now"


Question: How does wireless transmission penetrate through walls?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does wireless transmission penetrate through walls?

The same way light passes through glass. Lots of things are transparent on different wave spectrums. In the wave of x-rays, the skin is transparent but the bones are not. Coke is actualy transparent in the UV spectrum but oil distorts uv rays. Radiation goes through most things but is blocked by lead and other dence materials Wireless transmission is just a part of the eletro magnetic spectrum and all things act differently there


Question: Why do butter and oils prefer certain paths when traveling across a pan? Why do they avoid certain spots?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do butter and oils prefer certain paths when traveling across a pan? Why do they avoid certain spots?

certain spots are more oliophobic than others, based on what crud or micro structures have evolved on the pans surface.


Question: How do applications like Timehop show what texts I've sent years ago, even if I've changed phone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do applications like Timehop show what texts I've sent years ago, even if I've changed phone?

The app is remembering, rather than the phone. They likely store all of your messages on a big server somewhere.


Question: How does a battery charge cycle work? Why is it not recommended to fully charge a laptop or smartphone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a battery charge cycle work? Why is it not recommended to fully charge a laptop or smartphone?

A rubber band does not hold as tightly if it is constantly stretched. Batteries are similar, though some technology and kinds of batteries are better at this. Modern phones (i have heard) are totally fine if you charge them to the maximum.


Question: Why do some hostels do they not allow people to use their own sheets or pillows?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some hostels do they not allow people to use their own sheets or pillows?

It's only a matter of time until somebody brings in bedbugs, and then they have to fumigate the building.


Question: Why do some sites check my browser before giving me access to it ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some sites check my browser before giving me access to it ?

Cloudflare is usually the one doing this. The purpose is to lock out "users" that the site doesn't want. Usually bots, web crawlers, and things of that nature. It also protects against things like DDOS attacks and other web based denial of service stuff. Or, super TLDR version, it's making sure you're an actual user with an actual browser, not a script sending traffic.


Question: Why are some websites so difficult to click back out of?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some websites so difficult to click back out of?

Some sites redirect you: you land on one page, it redirects you to another. You go back one step and you land on the redirect page, which then redirects you again ...


Question: What are these 12 letters or number you often found alongside their username in online forum? Something like 24DAFA:DA4FEA.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are these 12 letters or number you often found alongside their username in online forum? Something like 24DAFA:DA4FEA.

Hexadecimal codes (a method of counting in base 16). Don't really know what they might represent in said forums. User ID perhaps?


Question: Why do surgeons have nurses hand them tools?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do surgeons have nurses hand them tools?

It's faster than having to root through the table of tools yourself. Or, When you have your hands gripping another man's beating heart, you tend to not want to shift your focus away from that.


Question: What just happened in Venezuelan economy on Feb, 8th?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What just happened in Venezuelan economy on Feb, 8th?

The answer is pretty simple: The Venezuela Central Bank devalued the Venezuelan Bolivar Fuerte by 99.6% on February 5th, 2018. You can read more about that on the [wikipedia page.]( URL_0 ) They did this to account for rampant hyperinflation that the country was, and still is, experiencing. Venezuela has a socialist economy, so the government controls business and production in the country. Venezuela relied heavily on oil sales to the US, and when oil prices tanked, the entire Venezuelan economy did too. The government mishandled most of the businesses and industries in the country, making them extra susceptible to the lower oil prices. The Venezuelan government has been *terrible* at handling the economic crisis taking place in their country. If you read a list of things they've tried to stimulate or fix their economy, it reads like a list of things you **don't** want to do to fix an economy, like print huge amounts of money to pay your debts, or assert that your currency is worth some fixed amount to the USD.


Question: How do you purchase and receive energy from a supplier on a particular grid without interfering with other suppliers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you purchase and receive energy from a supplier on a particular grid without interfering with other suppliers?

Oh, you can't. I mean, the energy you are using is energy. The grid can't differentiate your green electricity from a coal electricity. Try to imagine it like this, there are 2 water sources that go in the same river. When you take water from the river you can't say for sure whose water you are taking. BUT if you pay the water to supplier A, then supplier A will be required to augment his production capabilities, to meet all the demands that require "Supplier A" water. The same applies to green electricity. If supplier G (for green) sells 1 MWh of certified green electricity it means that he has enough renewable production to ensure 1MWh of electrical production. If many users decide that they want to buy their electricity from Supplier G, he will now sell 2MWh, so he will have to increase his certified electrical production accordingly. This means he will have to buy more PV plants or more wind turbines until he can certify that he is producing more energy that the one needed by his customers. Edit: since electricity can't be easily stored. Right now the grid does this calculation year round.


Question: How do houseplants know what season it is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do houseplants know what season it is?

They get varying amounts of sunlight every day. Short days = winter; and long days = summer. Temperature varies every day and swings over a large range. It's not as reliable as sunlight. Some plants, like cherry trees, do use ground temperature, but they bloom very early in the spring.


Question: Why is it harder to be diagnosed for something like ADHD or any other mental health diagnosis when you are older?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it harder to be diagnosed for something like ADHD or any other mental health diagnosis when you are older?

Also, you probably have developed coping mechanisms to mask/mitigate the less desirable symptoms by the time you are an adult.


Question: What is that “white noise” sound that I always hear when it’s silent?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is that “white noise” sound that I always hear when it’s silent?

That could be tinnitus. The loss of a part of your hearing caused by being exposed to loud sounds for a long time. You might want to get that checked out if you aren't sure.


Question: Would you be able to push an asteroid in space with one finger if you had a jetpack?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Would you be able to push an asteroid in space with one finger if you had a jetpack?

Assuming you could push strong enough to counteract the forward momentum the asteroid has, but I doubt your body could handle attempting it


Question: Why is a small amount of inflation considered "good" for an economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a small amount of inflation considered "good" for an economy?

Small amounts of inflation are good for the economy because it encourages investment. If you have a large sum of cash, it's losing value every day (slowly, but it's still happening). If you want to make the most out of your money, you'll recognize that you need to to put into an investment fund of some sort so your stored cash doesn't lose value. Or you'll want to buy something with it, since given more time, the same item will be more expensive. Investments and purchases are needed to keep the economy churning. If deflation is occurring, then it's a good idea for you to sit on your big pile of money Scrooge McDuck style since it's because it's worth more every day. If everyone does this, the economy stagnates.


Question: Why does we rub our eyes when we are tired?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does we rub our eyes when we are tired?

I believe it's because when you're tired your body isn't producing as many tears (lubricant) so rubbing them will stimulate your ducts into working which will moisturize those bad boys


Question: Where does the average human height (say 170cm) fit on the cosmic scale from the smallest known piece of matter to the largest known distance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the average human height (say 170cm) fit on the cosmic scale from the smallest known piece of matter to the largest known distance?

Planck length is roughly 10^-35, distances smaller than this are not described usefully by modern physics. The diameter of the observable universe is roughly 10^26. However this value is constantly changing so it's less fundamental than the planck length. Still, your height is about 26 orders of magnitude smaller than the largest distance, and 35 orders of magnitude larger than the smallest distance.


Question: What effect do glaciers have on the earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What effect do glaciers have on the earth?

Well they're gone now, but glaciers are caused the great plains in the midwest US. I'm in illinois and saying its flat is a understatement. A small hill is a rare sight. There used to be a mile or two thick glacier just rolling on through which flattened everything out.


Question: If pi is unlimited, how can we get exact values for areas/circumferences of circles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If pi is unlimited, how can we get exact values for areas/circumferences of circles?

Those are purely theoretical values. The area of a circle, by deign of including an irrational number in its calculation, is also irrational. That’s why circles are often written in terms of pi, which is considered the exact value (e.g., 10pi in^2) Anything else is technically an approximation.


Question: Why does heating cream(for muscle pain) not burn your fingers but only the spot you apply it to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does heating cream(for muscle pain) not burn your fingers but only the spot you apply it to?

The heating reaction is started by exposing the cream to the air. When it's sitting in a dollop on your finger, only the surface is being exposed, so you don't feel much (if any) heat. When it's spread around on the injury site, it gets thoroughly mixed with the air and begins its heat-producing reaction.


Question: How exactly does untreated cancer kill you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly does untreated cancer kill you?

The cells grow someplace that is supposed to be doing something to keep you alive. That kills off the cells that are supposed to be there, sometimes by stealing their food and other times by simply compressing them. Then that part of your body stops doing what it's supposed to do, and you die.


Question: - What causes that cold/tingly feeling when you realise you're in deep trouble?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - What causes that cold/tingly feeling when you realise you're in deep trouble?

Probably adrenaline. As part of your fight-or-flight response, when you realise you're in trouble, your brain tells your adrenal glands (which are on your kidneys) to release adrenaline into your bloodstream, which causes a number of reactions in many of your organs. One of those reactions is to redirect blood away from areas that are less vital to survival, and move it to your limbs. People feel this in different ways. Some people feel sick, as blood leaves their digestive system. You might feel cold as your blood rushes away from your skin. Now if you're in trouble, like you forgot to hand in a report or your partner caught you cheating on them, fight-or-flight probably isn't going to help. Running away or punching someone in the face helps very few problems that people face on a day-to-day basis. But the adrenal response evolved to when humans needed to respond to much more life-threatening things, like running away from lions and murderers. In those cases, moving blood from your skin and stomach to your legs makes gives you a better shot at survival.


Question: Why is there a trope of punk bands startingtheir counts with "1,2,3,4" but jazz bands starting their counts with "5,6,7,8"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a trope of punk bands startingtheir counts with "1,2,3,4" but jazz bands starting their counts with "5,6,7,8"?

As other suggest, a lot to do with time signature, and also the phonetics of it. five, six se vn'eight The seven-eight part gives a few more syllables to let you inflect the level of [Swing]( URL_0 ) imparted at a given tempo - helping everyone understand if they're going for triplet or sixteenth timing for the off-beats. Similarly you could encounter the count in with the swing syllables 'and a one, and a two, and a one, two, three, four', or even simpler, 'a one two three four'. Also, by adding inflection to different beats you can imply where the downbeats are **one** two **three** four for a rock beat, where a more steady 'one two three four' could be a four-on-the-floor or punk/ska. There are lots of counts used by various musicians depending on the situation. Drummers will count one-ee-and-ah, two-ee-and-ah etc for sixteenth counts to better exclaim which beat a hit should land on. There's a whole set of music theory on [counting]( URL_1 ).


Question: Why exactly does the Pythagorean theorem work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why exactly does the Pythagorean theorem work?

Because that is how Euclidian space works. There are a number of proofs, but they all boil down to that relationship being part of the definition of the "triangle" concept".


Question: When a company approaches another company to acquire them do they speak with the shareholders or with the board of directors?? And how exactly does a hostile takeover happen if the majority of the owners don't wanna sell???

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a company approaches another company to acquire them do they speak with the shareholders or with the board of directors?? And how exactly does a hostile takeover happen if the majority of the owners don't wanna sell???

They go to the Board of B and ask. If the Board says "No", then A might mount a "hostile takeover" by going to the stockholders of B to get them to sell all their shares to A. If A has enough shares, it replaces the board and, not surprisingly, the board says "Yes".


Question: How does aspirin and other over the counter pain killers stop pain exactly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does aspirin and other over the counter pain killers stop pain exactly?

Ibuprofen, at least, blocks a (reception or generation, I'm not sure) hormone called Prostaglandin, since that hormone is needed for pain, you feel less of it. Prostaglandin is also responsible for hemostasis and inflammation, which is why ibuprofen has the side effect of reducing inflammation and making your blood clot less.


Question: Why is it that the layers of the earth get hotter as it goes deeper, the core being the hottest, if the surface is actually closest to the sun? Where does the core get its heat from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that the layers of the earth get hotter as it goes deeper, the core being the hottest, if the surface is actually closest to the sun? Where does the core get its heat from?

Shorter version: The core was already hot, and is slowly cooling down. Back in the "early days" of science, the earth's age was estimated using the baked potato technique. It likens the earth to a massive ball that just came out of the oven, and the surface cools down while the inside stays hot. There are other factors that heat the core, such as radioactive stuff in the earth's core that slowly generates heat. Ultimately, the earth *is* cooling down, though.


Question: How do sinkholes happen and not get noticed before building stuff like houses or streets on top of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do sinkholes happen and not get noticed before building stuff like houses or streets on top of it?

If a hole is near the surface, you could do a test that is similar to sonar to find it, but this rarely happens because they cannot penetrate very far down. Another option is to bring a geotechnical company out and drill a bunch of test Boeing’s to see what the Stone is like (which happens anyways with most major construction) but even these will miss things because the Boeing’s are spaced out by dozens of meters, leaving plenty of space for stuff to hide. In generals sinkholes are only predicable by region. ie if you build in an area that has bedrock that is known to commonly get sinkholes (or just smaller holes in general which can wreck foundations even if the surface doesn’t cave in, the building can start to sink). You have a better chance of encounter a sinkhole. These areas typically have bedrocks with stones like limestone, that can dissolve from rain/acidic rain over decades. That’s the real problem with sink holes, even if you did do major testing a verified that there were no sinkholes or issues with the bedrock you’re building on. In 10-20 years there could be a sinkhole forming without anyone knowing, and 25-50 years, which is a common life span of a building/road/parking lot, you can have a sinkhole many feet across that is bout to collapse. The bedrock can just slowly dissolve out from underneath you. Edit: source, I work for a Foundation Engineering company that deals with sinkhole affected areas in the Northeast USA.


Question: Why do car tires lose air when sitting for a long time, but not when driven regularly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do car tires lose air when sitting for a long time, but not when driven regularly?

This is not something I've noticed before. I've had cars sit for a year or so, but never longer. Could be that over time the tire deforms a bit due to the pressure on it always being in the same spot. So then its not seated properly and a bit of air leaks past the seal.


Question: is sparkling water just as hydrating as plain water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 is sparkling water just as hydrating as plain water?

It's both good and bad. The co2 particles break the surface tension and decrease the amount of energy your body needs to spend to separate the water molecules. This is good. Guzzling sparkling water can be harder than you think, making it difficult to guzzle (if that's your goal). So this would be the bad. If you want a good hydrating beverage, try 1/3 OJ or grape juice and 2/3 water. The surface tension will be greatly decreased and it will be very thirst quenching. I drink all my juice this way and after trying it, my girlfriend does too now.


Question: What is the mathematical/caloric difference between running 1 mile and walking 1 mile. You finish one earlier and spend less time buring calories, the other burns slower but lasts longer. I it more energy efficient to walk 1 mile or run then rest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the mathematical/caloric difference between running 1 mile and walking 1 mile. You finish one earlier and spend less time buring calories, the other burns slower but lasts longer. I it more energy efficient to walk 1 mile or run then rest?

Running is less *efficient* than walking. Walking is relatively level. Your body, although it has some vertical movement, is basically pathing horizontally - parallel to the ground. With running, there is a significant bounce - your whole body is lifting up and dropping down. This takes energy. You're basically trading efficiency for speed. Spend more power and energy, you get there faster. So, even though you go the same distance, walking or running, you end up spending significantly more energy running the same distance.


Question: why do humans hate being lied to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do humans hate being lied to?

Because in the end, it doesn't matter how you want things to be; it only matters how they really are. Lies, beautiful or terrible, prevent reliable decision making. As conscious creatures, caught in a turbulent sea of constant change, our decisions, our choices, define us. When someone lies to you, they are taking away the ability to define ourselves, and making those choices, those definitions in our stead.


Question: What does it mean to dissociate? (psychology/psychiatry)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean to dissociate? (psychology/psychiatry)

I was raped at 15 and dissociated the first time. I honestly felt nothing. Like I was there, it was happening to me, but I was like a zombie, just completely blank minded. I was like "huh. Ok, so this is happening." No pain, no emotions. Just blankness. It sucks because I guilt myself for not speaking up, or fighting back. I just laid there. I just checked out of myself


Question: Why is plastic so cheap and easy to produce but nearly impossible to decompose/get rid of?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is plastic so cheap and easy to produce but nearly impossible to decompose/get rid of?

Plastic is generally an organic molecule, made up of carbon, hydrogen, sometimes oxygen and sometimes other elements (for example, PVC contains chlorine). It can be produced on huge scales using relatively-cheap materials. But the result is generally a new material which, unlike most other organic molecules, is not eaten by bacteria, which is how most things get broken down to a very small level.


Question: why clementines are so big these days?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why clementines are so big these days?

They’re bred to be larger, tastier and juicer with thinner peels. It’s a result of selective breeding for the traits we desire. Just about every plant or fruit we use as crops in agriculture has been modified in this way. Lots of citrus especially has gone through m this, most of what we eat are hybrids and not the original fruit we discovered was edible.


Question: Why is salt water so difficult to make drinkable/usable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is salt water so difficult to make drinkable/usable?

It's not really. It's as simple as boiling the water. It just takes a lot of energy because water takes a lot of energy to heat up, which makes it economically infeasible to do for regular use.


Question: Why are rainbows circular? (See link)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are rainbows circular? (See link)

Rainbows are caused by light being bent through water droplets. That bending always happens at a certain angle relative to the viewer and the sun. You can see that angle in any direction from the sun, so it forms a circle.


Question: What does the stomach’s microbiome do? What role do probiotics play for the microbiome?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the stomach’s microbiome do? What role do probiotics play for the microbiome?

Your body does a lot of things with honestly not that much genetic material, however, it's not able to do *everything* that we need. Some chemical processes are only really done by bacteria, and we coopt these bacteria, give them food, and they give us the processes. A large number of these processes occur in the intestines during food processing. Probiotics *are* those bacteria, and eating probiotic foods reintroduces them to your microbiome after they may have been killed, like in a round of antibiotics.


Question: Why was it so groundbreaking that ancient civilizations discovered/utilized the number 0?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why was it so groundbreaking that ancient civilizations discovered/utilized the number 0?

To go a bit against the others here: The fact that people discovered, that "nothing" can be expressed as a number - that you can also calculate with - is not obvious and very revolutionary. It shows a new level of abstract thinking that actually leads to mathematics as something different than just "counting things". That a number substracted from itself equals 0 seems painfully obvious to us now, but imagine having to do math without this simple operation. The decimal system is nice, but a very similar system is also possible without 0 - the Roman numerals just are exceptionally confusing. There is nothing stopping people from expressing (for example) 2437 as "2D4C3B7A" and 3004 as "3D4A" and some cultures used systems that were conceptually similar.


Question: How did a phone connect to another phone overseas pre-1950's?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did a phone connect to another phone overseas pre-1950's?

Major cities had a "long distance switchboard" which had access to overseas telecom lines (typically cables running under the ocean). You had to call the operator and ask for "long distance" and then talk the the "long distance operator" and tell them what country you wanted to call. They made the connection through very primitive means, sometimes literally by plugging a wire into a socket.


Question: How do unions stay competitive with nonunions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do unions stay competitive with nonunions?

In some fields, like the movie industry if you hire non-union then you cannot hire union workers. Since most of the industry is unionized that means you get the dregs of the work force, and not enough of them. In other fields that are not in that much control use the image of those that are to make their workers seem to be more skilled than the competition. People are willing to pay for skill.


Question: How are manufacturers able to manufacture really small cpu transistors?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are manufacturers able to manufacture really small cpu transistors?

Photolithography. You know how a projector can take a small image and turn it into a massive projected image? You basically do that in reverse, large designs which get focused down and etched into the silicon by bombarding it with light.


Question: What is Modernism and other movements?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Modernism and other movements?

I can answer most of the -isms that deal with architecture: **Modernism** with a capital 'M' is the idea that "less is more". This movement was a response to the first world war to answer the calamity that society suffered in Europe. This movement would travel to America and be dubbed "International Style" to the chagrin of its European founders, Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Le Corbusier. The Modernists sought to strike down historical context and tradition in favor of new technology (concrete, glass, steel) and rid the building of "unnecessary ornament". **Post-Modernism** is the counter-movement to Modernism that began in the late 60s during the many counter-culture movements that were happening. See Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown. There was no distinct "style" associated with Po-Mo architecture like Modernism. **Neoclassicism** is the movement that takes roots in Classical theory. It's typically depicted by ancient Greek and Roman styles of Classicism with particular attention to proportion and geometric principles to define solid and void.


Question: What exactly is meant by net worth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is meant by net worth?

If you have $5 in your pocket and nothing else, your net worth is $5. But if you also owe someone $2, your net worth is $3. And let's say you also own a bicycle you could sell for $10: your net worth is now $12. But you got sued for $4 recently and haven't paid it yet, so you're now at $8 net worth. This translates into a statement of assets (positive value for you) and liabilities (negative value for you). * Liquid cash $5.00 * Physical asset (bike) $10.00 * Debt (account payable) $-3.00 * Outstanding lien (sued) $-4.00 The total is $8.00 net worth. This is how much cash you would end up with if you sold everything you had and paid off all the money you owe. (Note that the above is nowhere near a standard statement of assets and liabilities, just an example.)


Question: How do people hack into an intranet and why do we need anti-virus systems in an intranet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people hack into an intranet and why do we need anti-virus systems in an intranet?

There are a lot of ways someone might "hack into an intranet" but a simple way to understand why something might get through the barriers surrounding an intranet is to consider USB thumb drives. A virus on a thumb drive might easily be introduced within the network even with the strongest of barriers between the internet and intranet.


Question: How does the antiderivative ice area under the curve?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the antiderivative ice area under the curve?

This was one of the big questions I had as a calculus student back in the day. dy or dx denotes an infintesimally small change in y or x respectively. This is why the derivative is denoted as dy/dx, that is a small change in y over a small change in x, aka a slope. Just mentioning this in case you didn't know, my high school calculus teacher failed to mention this. An integral is the integral sign followed by a function and a dx (or d_ if integrating with respect to some other variable). What exactly does this expression F(y)dx mean? Well, F(y) is the height of the function. dx is an infinitesimally small change in x, or base? Multiply them together? You get an infinitesimally small rectangle, all of which sum up to the area under the curve. What could this individual rectangle be called? Its an infinitesimally small one, but once again you sum all the rectangles up to find the area, similarly to how on a line you add the slope once to y for every x you go up... so could we call this small sliver of rectangle a rate of change of the area. Therefore reversing the rate of change into the function for area, taking the anti-derivative, gives us the function for the area between two points on the curve. More visual explanation: URL_0


Question: What incentivise groups to crack games and distribute them? Is there any monetary benefit for them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What incentivise groups to crack games and distribute them? Is there any monetary benefit for them?

The technical challenge and the recognition. To a cracker, a copy-protected game is a riddle, a puzzle box, crafted by the best puzzle-makers the game industry can afford. There's a rush and a lot of prestige in being the first to solve this puzzle.


Question: why does pouring hot water sound different than pouring cold water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does pouring hot water sound different than pouring cold water?

From 'Quite Interesting' (Q.I.) s14e03: "because hot water is, kind of, slightly less sticky, is the thing of it, molecules in it have more energy from the heat, and so when hot water hits a hard surface, it breaks up into smaller particles and makes a higher pitched splashing noise than cold water. "


Question: Why do people roll their eyes when exasperated or annoyed at someone or something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people roll their eyes when exasperated or annoyed at someone or something?

Eye contact is an important part of communication for humans (and other animals). Averting eye contact is used across multiple cultures to signify discomfort or distaste as well as a method of avoiding direction aggression. This is seen across all kinds of mammals, particularly primates, so it may be biological in nature. Eye-rolling specifically is a very recent phenomenon; 20th century at the earliest. It's just one of those memes which spread through use. It's an easily-exaggerated form of eye contact removal which allows one to emphasize their distaste.


Question: Why do online news articles have typos or grammatical mistakes, even from notable publications?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do online news articles have typos or grammatical mistakes, even from notable publications?

The answer is quite simple: they fired the copy editors while simultaneously demanding more output from their journalists. Copy editors don’t produce any content so they’re strictly a cost center. When revenues started falling, they got the axe. Online-only publications mostly never had them to start with. Even experienced journalists can’t be expected to turn it perfectly-edited articles all the time.


Question: How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they remove large dead animals at zoos and aquariums?

I work for a Marine Science Centre, so I can't speak for Zoos, but whenever a large marine mammal passes away we either haul them out using fork lifts or cranes. Usually we'll notice a deterioration in their physical health months or even up to a year beforehand, and so would move them to a separate "quarantine" pool to give them proper treatment or end-of-life care, and this pool can facilitate their removal when/if they pass. Once removed they're taken to a local animal sciences facility (any of a few local universities) where they undergo a necropsy (autopsy for animals). Samples are taken and tested to determine cause of death (whenever possible) and usually these samples are also preserved for further/future scientific study. Depending on the animal and the permits aquired, certain samples like skin and bones can even be re-used for educational, public programs to teach folks about the life in our oceans! Surprisingly few public actually realize or are knowledgeable of the diversity of life beyond our beaches and ports. Edit: formatting/spelling Edit 2: I appear to have recieved gold on one of my comments here. Just wanted to say if you, dear Redditor, so wish to gild, please instead consider donating to a local (or favorite) AZA (Association of Zoos and Aquariums) or CAZA (same as AZA but Canadian) accredited Marine Centre or Zoo. Not all of us are evil and for profit or entertainment. Sometimes (as per the federal government) an animal is unfortunately deemed unreleasable and without facilities to house them they would otherwise be euthanized. And they can help further scientific research into their species and hopefully continue to preserve their species in the wild. Thanks!


Question: How come a lot of cryptography involves the use of prime numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come a lot of cryptography involves the use of prime numbers?

Because when you have big numbers multiplied together, it's very easy to multiply them, but very difficult to divide and find all the numbers that have been multiplied. Example: find what numbers have been multiplied together to give the result of 298178561. Those numbers that have been multiplied together are the passwords to the encryption.


Question: Why would anyone buy a bond with a negative yield?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would anyone buy a bond with a negative yield?

Lots of reasons: 1. you're buying \_your own\_ bond. Most bonds require a liquidity level in the issuer to match obligation out there, and buy buying back they can decrease the liquidity level required. 2. they may be effectively trading \_currency\_ - e.g. they currency it's issue in is going to change in value so the very small loss in bond yield is made up for in currency change (relative to some other currency). 3. They may believe they are entering a period of probably loss in portfolio value but think the most secure place for their money is in a bond that has a very predictable, but reliable loss. E.G. if you believe a market is going to tank by 15%, then finding the strategy that loses 0.5% is \_really, really good\_.


Question: Why do things get red hot when applied enough heat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do things get red hot when applied enough heat?

All things emit radiation at a peak frequency based on their temperature. Cooler objects like animals emit mostly in wavelengths we can't see such as infrared, but hotter objects can start to have peak emissions in the visible range of light. Because this frequency is based on the temperature of the object the color is an accurate indicator of temperature regardless of what the material is composed of.


Question: Why does ice cream make soda fizzy - is it the shape, or the material?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does ice cream make soda fizzy - is it the shape, or the material?

Soda contains CO2. Over time the gaseous CO2 comes to the surface. The ice cream increases the rate of this CO2 from the soda causing increased fizzing. This increased rate is a result of ice cream melting and cooling the liquid quickly. The milk in the ice cream change the crystalline structure (aka Nucleation) of the bubbles and the bubbles get large quiet fast thus you observe fizzing.


Question: biologically, how does herding animals work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 biologically, how does herding animals work?

Herding animals capitalizes on a behavior shared by some animals, interestingly called "herd animals". Sheep have a behavior which causes them to stay in a group, because this makes it harder for a predator to attack them. Using sheep dogs to herd them capitalizes on this "feature", using a dog to make them move from place to place in a big group.


Question: How can I delete an app from my phone and then not have enough space to download it again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can I delete an app from my phone and then not have enough space to download it again?

On Android, when you delete an app, it often leaves behind data that the operating system is unaware of, so it never gets deleted. The main data files for that app are deleted, but the leftovers will just sit there forever. You can manually search for and delete that leftover data yourself on any Android device. It doesn't need to be rooted to do that. On iOS, this doesn't happen often, but when it does, syncing with a PC/Mac using iTunes or Apple Music or whatever fixes that. Also, the word you meant to use is storage. Memory is something else entirely.