Question: Pork rinds are incomplete protein and are labeled "not a good source of protein" but beans are also an incomplete protein and do not have this same label. Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Pork rinds are incomplete protein and are labeled "not a good source of protein" but beans are also an incomplete protein and do not have this same label. Why?

Because it's not just a question of protien, but of the types of protien and the regulation. In the USA, the Food and Drug Administration requires that food for people aged 4 and over that has, "a protein quality value that is a protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score of less than 20" must have the label, "not a good source of protien." What this means is that the foodstuff in question must have a certain number of absorbable proteins or it must have the label. How does this relate to beans and pork rinds? Pork rinds are fried pig skins, therefore they're rich in collagen, the protien that gives human skin structure too. Unfortunately, that's about the only protien it provides, worst still humans don't digest nor absorb that protien very efficiently. On the flip side, beans have a wider variety of more easily digested and absorbed proteins so it is not affected by the regulation. Edit: it's 4 and over, not just 4.


Question: Joe Wong joke that Roe v. Wade is 2 ways to get into the United States?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Joe Wong joke that Roe v. Wade is 2 ways to get into the United States?

It's a joke based on the idea that some immigrants to the US swim here, and thus are either "rowing a boat" (Roe) or "wading through the water" (Wade.) It's just based on Roe and Wade both sounding like things people do in water.


Question: What is an API call?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What is an API call?

ELI-a-non-programmer: An API is like ordering from a takeout restaurant. You know the number you need to call, you know what you need to say, and you know they'll give you something in return. What you *don't* know is the inner workings of their kitchen, on how they prepared that food for you. An API is similar: you have somewhere to make the calls to (usually a URL, like a web address, but not necessarily), you have a specific statement you make in order to get something back ("I'll take a large beef and brocolli", "send me a list of all customers who have ordered in the last month", etc), and without you knowing *how* it's doing that, it sends you the requested information back. Why are these important? Because they allow you to use a service without being hooked into the details. For example, making calls to a weather API can tell you what the weather's like in a particular zip code, without you actually ever having access to any of the weather sensors they use to determine that.


Question: Why are gas prices so much higher in California than the rest of the country?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why are gas prices so much higher in California than the rest of the country?

There are two big reasons. The first is that California has a higher gasoline tax than other states. That's pretty straightforward. The second, and much more important, is that California has stricter emissions laws than other states, which makes gasoline that would be legal to sell in other states unavailable to California. Not only is that gasoline more expensive to produce, but because California requires a different gasoline makeup, it means that California is a "gasoline island": in cases where demand increases, sellers can't import gasoline refined in other states, since their refineries don't produce California-compliant gasoline. So prices tend to be higher to start, and they're more likely to increase in response to issues like refinery capacity problems, power outages, unexpected demand, etc, since the supply is constrained.


Question: Is 40% alcohol 2.5% stronger or 6.666'% stronger than 37.5% alcohol?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Is 40% alcohol 2.5% stronger or 6.666'% stronger than 37.5% alcohol?

I think this depends on what how you are viewing it. If you view it as an increase 37.5/100 to 40/100 then you would increase by 2.5% If you are viewing it as a direct percentage comparison, 40/37.5 then you are increasing the 37.5% by 6.666%


Question: What are the terms for fair use when a movie scene displays on a TV inside the world of a movie?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the terms for fair use when a movie scene displays on a TV inside the world of a movie?

This isn't an answer to your question, but this specific clip is irrelevant because the movie on Kevin's TV isn't real, it's a fake movie, and the scene was filmed specifically for Home Alone. URL_0


Question: Why does string theory require that there be 10 dimensions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does string theory require that there be 10 dimensions?

Imagine a room with some 3-dimensional objects in it, like a sphere, a cube, a cone, a pyramid, etc. The room and the objects are uniformly white in color, and there's no light except for a flashlight that you can shine into the room from different locations. Every time you shine the light inside the room, you take a picture. After you've taken several pictures, you sit down and look at the results. Soon, you start classifying various shadows that you've seen. You have a bunch of shadows that are crescent shaped, a bunch that are sort or rectangular, etc. You compile a whole huge book of these shadows, and it's pretty impressive, but it's really hard to explain it all to other people because the location of the flashlight and picture make all sorts of subtle differences in the shapes of the shadows. Then, a breakthrough! Someone says, hey, those are shadows from 3-dimensional solids. The crescents come from a sphere, the rectangular ones from a cube, etc. Now, all of a sudden, you've got an easy way to classify all your 2-dimensional shadows simply by referencing 3-dimensional shapes that create them. This isn't what's happening in string theory, but the principle of being able to explain more with less by adding dimensions is similar. A great deal of what we know about light, heat, magnetism, and so on can be explained more simply by a universe with more dimensions. In this 10, 11, or 26 dimensional universe, everything we see is just one special case of a more general set of rules.


Question: Why does Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) have an expiry date?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) have an expiry date?

It's more a liability thing than anything. A manufacturer can't control how you store something that you buy, so they can't control what it may be exposed to and how quickly it will break down. What they can do is guess at the worst case scenario, duplicate it, and see how long it takes for their products to break down to the point that they no longer protect you. They then can take that amount of time and cut it by some percentage for safety, and say that their products expire in that amount of time. My guess is that they don't do that very often, but they know from experience how long their stuff will last when stored in horrible conditions, and they use that with a safety factor as their expiration timeframe.


Question: Why and how are there such insane amounts of energy released when splitting an atom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why and how are there such insane amounts of energy released when splitting an atom?

It takes huge amounts of energy (the kind found in the middle of a star) to squeeze protons together into a large atomic nucleus -- there is a huge repelling force that has to be overcome. Think of it as compressing an extremely strong spring. When you split this nucleus, you release this huge amount of stored energy. Yes, we are surrounded by and made of insane amounts of energy. In Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2 , c^2 is a stunningly large number.


Question: What is actually a "military grade cryptography" we often see in action movies? What makes it different from regular cryptography?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is actually a "military grade cryptography" we often see in action movies? What makes it different from regular cryptography?

It's Hollywood buzzword jargon, basically. "Military-grade crypto" means a cryptographic standard that the military has adopted to protect its information. In 2021, that standard is AES-256 (for top secret data). But...your wifi is protected by the same encryption standard (as long as you're using a recent standard, that is). Calling it "military-grade" doesn't mean anything super high-tech and fancy, in this case.


Question: Why does weight loss surgery always involve making the stomach smaller?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does weight loss surgery always involve making the stomach smaller?

> restricts the amount of nutrients that are absorbed by the intestines One example of a condition that restricts the amount of absorbed nutrients is lactose intolerance. People with this condition cannot produce enough lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar in milk products, so that the body can absorb it. The result is that the lactose doesn't get absorbed and gets into your large intestines where the gut bacteria have a feeding frenzy, causing bloating, cramps, and diarrhea. Likewise, heavy drinking can cause similar symptoms because the alcohol causes digestion problems including preventing the small intestines from absorbing properly. More nutrients than necessary goes into the large intestines, causing similar symptoms as above. As you can see, all these problems will result if the nutrients are not properly absorbed by the intestines. Despite the risks, it is much better for the patient's standard of living if the stomach surgery prevents them from eating as much rather than have them on the toilet all day by changing their nutrient absorption.


Question: Why is it cheaper for American companies to manufacture products in other countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it cheaper for American companies to manufacture products in other countries?

Labor costs are way cheaper... they can pay a tiny fraction of the hourly wages, plus don't have to worry about things like healthcare, retirement plans, etc. Also, fewer safety regulations to abide by. So even adding in additional shipping costs to get products to the U.S. from overseas, it's still advantageous.


Question: Where does the sky start?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the sky start?

Think of the sky like the rind of an orange or a melon. The Sky starts right at the ground, and goes all the way up into space. Luckily you have the ability to walk through and breath the rind.


Question: Why is it that the body's core being cold is fatal, but hands can be cold 24/7 and it's no problem?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that the body's core being cold is fatal, but hands can be cold 24/7 and it's no problem?

The reason you need to keep a constant core temperature is for enzymes to work properly in vital organs like your Brain, heart and liver, etc to make essential biochemical reactions work. A person's vital organs are located in the head and chest. It's the same reason that you can live without arms or legs, but you can't live without a head or chest.


Question: everything is made out of atoms, is there a possibility to cut an atom accidentally with a knife and thus leading to reaction of some sort?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 everything is made out of atoms, is there a possibility to cut an atom accidentally with a knife and thus leading to reaction of some sort?

No. A knife edge is also made of atoms (or really molecules which are even larger than atoms). Think of cutting something like a person moving through a dense crowd. The person can push others out of the way and slip in between, but they are just a person as well, and they aren’t going to be able to just split another person in two to get through. Edit to add a little more: It's also that the link between atoms is much easier to break than splitting the atom. So in my analogy, imagine the people in the crowd are loosely holding hands. It's easier to push them apart than to well, split the people in half.


Question: What is the difference between an irrational number and a transcendental number?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between an irrational number and a transcendental number?

> All transcendental numbers are irrational. not all irrational numbers are transcendental. > Trancendental numbers cannot be written as roots of polynomials Eli6: Irrational numbers are a class of numbers that are (among other things) defined by the fact that you cannot represent them as a ratio of integers. Transcendental numbers are a class of numbers that are defined by the fact they are not algebraic. algebraic numbers are numbers that can be written as a root of a polynomial with rational coefficients: So any number that can be represented as the answer (x) to an equation of the form a + bx + cx^2 + dx^3 + ex^4 + fx^5 ... + ðx^n = 0 Where the coefficients a,b,c,d,e....ð are all rational numbers. So, root 2 is irrational, but it is algebraic because it is the answer to the equation x^2 = 2 and thus is not transcendental. Similarly the more or less random number ~ 1.27367020598447 is also not trancendental, because it is a valid solution to the equation x^4 + 5x - 9 ( ~1.273...^4 + 5(~1.2736..) - 9= 0 ) Trancendental numbers like pi can't be written as solutions to equations of this form. They will always need at least one irrational number as a coefficient to be written like this.


Question: How tf do scientists know the "maps" of million years old continents?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How tf do scientists know the "maps" of million years old continents?

They take where the continents are today, see how they're moving, and basically play it in reverse.


Question: why do pencil erasers sometime get where they won’t erase at all and in fact, make it worse with dark smudges?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do pencil erasers sometime get where they won’t erase at all and in fact, make it worse with dark smudges?

They also dry out. That can cause it to become hard and only smear the paper rather than having the the used part of the eraser roll off when you use it.


Question: How come the sky is red or orange in all those photos even though you can't see actual fire?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come the sky is red or orange in all those photos even though you can't see actual fire?

The smoke particles are larger than regular air particles so they block out the high wavelength spectrum of light (yellow-blue) and allow lower wavelength light to pass through (red/orange). Edit: I mixed up frequency and wavelength. Blue/violet has lower wavelength and higher frequency (more compressed) and red/orange has lower frequency and higher wavelength (less compressed and can pass through thick smoke easier).


Question: how do waterproof phones or phone cases stay waterproof but have clear speakers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do waterproof phones or phone cases stay waterproof but have clear speakers?

Speakers don't let air pass through them rather they function by moving air by "vibrating." So they can easily be waterproof by not allowing water to get past the cone.


Question: I've seen this more and more, but why do people put their cell phones on speaker and then hold the phone an inch from their mouth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I've seen this more and more, but why do people put their cell phones on speaker and then hold the phone an inch from their mouth?

I don't know about men that do this, but women do it so you don't end up with a phone covered in make-up and hair products. Also, depending of your earrings, you can get a clanking sound when your earrings hit the phone. Source: my wife.


Question: Why do manufacturers of products that use pump dispensers (lotion, soap, etc.) not make the tube reach the bottom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do manufacturers of products that use pump dispensers (lotion, soap, etc.) not make the tube reach the bottom?

Because if the tube actually touched the bottom it would work worse. It would just suction itself to the bottom instead of sucking up the liquid.


Question: Why are most democratic elections relatively close to 50/50 and never a landslide victory for one party?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are most democratic elections relatively close to 50/50 and never a landslide victory for one party?

That is not true. The 50/50 thing happens a lot in democratic system that have only two real parties. Of course those type of systems are bad systems and most democracies don't use anything like that and therefore have different outcomes. What happens if you only have two real choices is that both parties will try to compete for the voters in the middle. Each side tries to gain as many voters as they can without losing more voters in the process. With better voting systems you have parties and candidates that stand for certain things and get voted on based on those issues. In a two party winner takes it all system the choices morph to reflect what half the voters want. This is no hard and fast rule. Often the truth is somewhere in between and in some cases the whole thing breaks down like it currently seems to have in the US.


Question: Don't Open Source Softwares Basically Opens its Gate for Hackers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Don't Open Source Softwares Basically Opens its Gate for Hackers?

If your security is because no one can look at your code and understan how it work it is called [Security through obscurity]( URL_0 ) The problem is that id do not work. It has been rejected since the mid 19th century in the context of how locks could be picked. A real secure system should still be secure if someone know your code. If the code is secret you might find a but that is hard to fix and just assume that no one will find it without the code and leave it in. If it is open source you assume that any attacker have the code and you will write it with that in mind and do not leave holes. In some cases it might be a idea. If there is limited access to the system and not a software that you can purchase on the open market where a attacker can purchase it and examine the code and decompile it and examine it. So for military system or any that is tightly controlled keeping the source and design of the system secret make it harder to crack it. So it can be something to add ontop of other good security practice but you should never trust that it is enough. If anyone can get the software you should assume that it is the same as if they had the source code.


Question: what is end to end encryption and what does it mean to end it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is end to end encryption and what does it mean to end it?

A lot of encryption in communication is in steps. Your connection between your computer and the server (eg: Skype) is encrypted, but then Skype gets a copy of your message without encryption. That means they can read it, save it, give it to someone else, or feed it into their profiling software that serves you ads. So if you tell your friend that you're thinking of buying a new PC, don't be surprised when ads for Dell suddenly become common. Skype will re-encrypt the message as it goes to its actual intended recipient. (I don't know that Skype actually does this, I'm just pulling names out of my ass for the sake of example) So if either of you are on open WiFi, people around you can't read your messages, but Skype themselves can. End-to-end encryption means that the message stays encrypted all the way until the point your friend receives it and they can read it. This means skype (or whoever is the middle man) can't actually see what you wrote.


Question: How does a Blood Pressure machine work, and why does the band pressure need to go so high?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a Blood Pressure machine work, and why does the band pressure need to go so high?

You have two different blood pressured. Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure during each heart beat and the diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure between two heart beats. So whenever your heart beats the pressure goes from diastolic to systolic and back. When a doctor takes your blood pressure they will pump up an inflatable cuff to block your blood in the arm and then with a stethoscope they can hear at which pressure the blood flow stops just between the beats or altogether. These corresponds to your diastolic and systolic pressures respectively. An automatic blood pressure gauge does the exact same thing. But the air pump in it is quite loud and pumps up the cuff too fast to take an accurate reading. So the cuff is inflated to its highest range first and then the air is bleed out slowly while the computer listens for your blood flow to find the pressures.


Question: How can archaeologist tell how old something is? Like when they find old objects how do they know how old they are roughly at least

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can archaeologist tell how old something is? Like when they find old objects how do they know how old they are roughly at least

The elements that make up matter have a half-life. That's the time it takes for that element to be cut in half, so if you have 100 grams of carbon, and it has a half-life of 100 years, then in 100 years, it will only have 50 grams. By measuring the amount found in the fossil, and knowing the half-life of that element, it's just working backwards with the math.


Question: How can hospitals put us in medically induced comas and remove us at any time, but can't remove people from a coma that isn't medically induced?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can hospitals put us in medically induced comas and remove us at any time, but can't remove people from a coma that isn't medically induced?

I am not a doctor, but it's my understanding that doctors give the patient drugs to.cause the coma, so they just withdraw the drugs to end it. When some is in a regular, non-induced coma, they can't end it because there are no drugs to stop giving.


Question: Why do futures markets exist for non-commodities?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do futures markets exist for non-commodities?

They're just pure speculation. And so are the commodity futures markets. The amount of oil futures traded by financial institutions is something like 10x what is traded by oil companies.


Question: Why does depression affect your memory?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does depression affect your memory?

A depressed brain is a less active brain. Your brain needs energy and neurotransmitters to do important things like regulate mood and form memories, but if it doesn't have the necessary energy or neurotransmitters, it can't perform those tasks as effectively. That's why SSRIs (selective-serotonin reuotake inhibitor) and NDRIs (norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor) are commonly prescribed for depression. A reuptake inhibitor stops your nerve cells from swallowing up 'extra' neurotransmitters floating around your brain before they have a chance to be used.


Question: How do ancient buildings get buried over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do ancient buildings get buried over time?

Years, and years, and years of weathering, erosion, storms, and sand and soil buildup from the wind and said storms.


Question: Why does our hearing muffle when we stretch?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does our hearing muffle when we stretch?

The ear has a Eustachian tube which is a pressure regulator in order to prevent your ears from popping out. When pressure changes in your ears the Eustachian tube which is normally closed opens. It also opens when you chew, yawn or stretch. So the reason we don’t hear external sounds as well when we stretch/yawn is that when the Eustachian tube is opened, the sound through the Eustachian tube fills the middle ear, thus reducing the ability to amplify the sound from the ear canal.


Question: One of my friends told me that nothing would change if we declare electron as positive and proton as negative from this moment, is he right? Please explain

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 One of my friends told me that nothing would change if we declare electron as positive and proton as negative from this moment, is he right? Please explain

Yes he is right. It's like if I called you Jeff instead of john. And some guy named john Jeff. It doesn't change who you are physically. Just how you are identified.


Question: In the movies when banks are robbed, the thieves demand "unmarked non-consecutive bills" or something along those lines. How do the authorities track bills?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In the movies when banks are robbed, the thieves demand "unmarked non-consecutive bills" or something along those lines. How do the authorities track bills?

Bills can be marked with special inks or other concealed markers, and serial numbers can be recorded and reported to banks and law enforcement agencies.


Question: why does water become solid at a certain temperature instead of gradually becoming more firm?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does water become solid at a certain temperature instead of gradually becoming more firm?

Well there are substances which behave as you describe, they are called amorphous. So something like butter. If you take it from fridge it is firm, if you let it warm up it becomes more and more soft. What separates water from butter in terms of solidifying is that water creates cristals while solidifying, while butter does not (at least on big scale). So in butter while you cool it particles have less and less energy, they come closer to each other, intermollecular interactions increase, it becomes gradually firmer. Water on the other hand while in appropriate conditions starts creating cristals in its internal structure. So this moment of transition makes bigger difference in terms of firmness. In liquid molecules are loosely bonded, while in solid molecules are firmly held in place. This is at least how I understand this.


Question: Betting odds! 4-1 odds. 7-4 odds. What does it mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Betting odds! 4-1 odds. 7-4 odds. What does it mean?

Those style of odds are called "Fractional odds." The first number is how much you win relative to how much you bet (the second number) So 7/4 odds mean that if you bet $4, and the outcome happens, you win $7 (plus your original $4.) 4/1 odds mean that if you bet $1 and it happens, you win $4 (plus your original $1)


Question: Why is there a bump in the middle of an impacts crater?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a bump in the middle of an impacts crater?

It's called the rebound effect. Impacts of that much magnitude cause solid objects (like dirt and rock) to act more like a fluid. Look up slow motion water drops on YouTube. You will see that the water comes back and makes a little blip in the center after the initial "impact". It works the same way. I'm not sure exactly how the fluid dynamics portion of it works.


Question: How do children acquire word meaning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do children acquire word meaning?

Most of it is context and repetition. You see a dog, you point at the dog, you say "dog". Your kid associates all things that shape with being a dog. Then you repeat that a million times a day for everything you see. With other words, like "what is that?" They learn from our tone, and from what we leave out of our sentence. You see a dog, you point at a dog, you don't say "dog" so your kid says it for you. You get excited, they know they've succeeded. Plus listening to people talk normally helps them figure out what order words go in.


Question: Can you survive eating only oatmeal, beans, and brocoli?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can you survive eating only oatmeal, beans, and brocoli?

Most likely you would survive, but it's not clear if you would thrive. Only a registered dietician would be qualified to properly assess your health, lifestyle, and habits and determine whether that diet would be appropriate and healthy for you. Seek professional advice before choosing a diet so unusually limiting. In general, a diet with more variety is good.


Question: Why is a flight with a layover typically cheaper than a direct flight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a flight with a layover typically cheaper than a direct flight?

The consumer wants a direct flight (high demand) and there are fewer of those (low supply). There are more connecting flights (high supply) but people don't prioritize them (low demand). Basic economics means that prices for the nonstops will be much higher. The plane has to fly its route anyway so the additional cost you create by flying an additional flight is negligible to the airline, especially as they can almost certainly sell the individual legs to someone who wants those shorter flights nonstop.


Question: Why are prehistoric animals so much larger than their modern day counterparts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are prehistoric animals so much larger than their modern day counterparts?

Well, the pleistocene megafauna of the last ice ages like the mammoths and giant ground sloths and wooly rhinoceroses and the glyptodonts, etcetera, were mostly all killed off by humans and climate change. Humans love to kill big game for social status. As soon as humans arrive on any continent you see a sudden collapse of big game populations in the fossil record. Megafauna evolve to be so large so that they can generally outsize their predators; but humans are just too damn good at killing things for megafauna to survive by being too large to kill. As for the dinosaurs, especially the sauropods, which were the largest dinosaurs that ever lived, they had a few traits that made it easier for them to get very large: 1. Dinosaurs had hollow bones that were much lighter for the same volume as mammalian bones. Less weight makes it easier to move around when you are large-bodied; 2. Dinosaurs laid eggs, instead of giving birth to live young. Large mammals have to be pregnant for longer the larger they are. Elephants are pregnant for two years before giving birth! Any larger than that and simply reproducing becomes untenable. Big dinosaurs like sauropods could lay clutches of hundreds of small eggs and then just abandon them, letting the little babies fend for themselves. This is a much less energy intensive way of reproducing that mammals cannot exploit; 3. Mammals, being warm blooded, have difficulty shedding excess internal heat if they get too large. After a certain size, a mammal's internal organs would be boiled by their own body heat. Sauropods were probably not warm-blooded, and instead their enormous mass allowed them to maintain body temperature through thermal inertia. 4. Sauropods' long necks allowed them to feed from a large area of land without having to move their bodies very far, and their mode of digesting plant matter, hind-gut fermentation, scales well with size. 5. The climate in the age of the dinosaurs was warmer, meaning there were more plants to eat, more oxygen to breathe, and warmer temperatures to support the growth of cold-blooded and meso-thermic animals.


Question: -How do plants move to face the sun?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 -How do plants move to face the sun?

Plants produce a hormone called auxin. It is produced in the top of the stem and moves downwards. Auxin has the ability to promote elongation of cells (stretching). The area that sunlight hits on a plant blocks the flow of auxin, causing an imbalance that results in one side having elongating cells whilst the others remain the same. As one side elongates, it causes the stem to bend, pointing towards the light. [This image gives a great visual depiction.]( URL_0 :) IAA is the auxin


Question: You often "subtle hints of apricot" or other fruits in wine descriptions. How do they get these different notes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 You often "subtle hints of apricot" or other fruits in wine descriptions. How do they get these different notes?

It's just a descriptor, an attempt from the wine taster to describe the flavor of the grape. Like when you say "tastes like chicken," it doesn't really mean there's chicken in the dish.


Question: Why are right angles 90° and circles 360°? Why not make them 100° and 400° respectively to make our lives easier?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are right angles 90° and circles 360°? Why not make them 100° and 400° respectively to make our lives easier?

The 360 degree circle was invented before fractions and decimals were invented. 360 is a good number then because it you can use it to evenly divide a circle by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40, 45, 60, 72, 90, 120, 180 and 360 without fractions.


Question: if female orgasms are better than men’s, then why are men typically the ones who bother females about having sex and not the other way around?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if female orgasms are better than men’s, then why are men typically the ones who bother females about having sex and not the other way around?

"Better" is subjective. Has anybody ever been biologically male, and then biologically female, and compared the two? I don't think so. So we can't ever actually compare them.


Question: How does lighting in a concert interfere with musical equipment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does lighting in a concert interfere with musical equipment?

Although LEDs and other technologies are becoming more commonplace and have their own funky ways of dimming them built in, a lot of stage lighting still uses a variant of the old fashioned filament bulb that you might have in any number of lights at home, assuming you've not fitted some sort of energy saving bulb anyway. The most common way of dimming these is with a device called a triac. A triac is a sort of electronic switch. When we dim a light, what we actually do is use the triac to cut the power to it for short periods of time (fractions of a second). Because the filament in the bulb stays hot enough to continue glowing for the short periods where there's now power our eyes don't see the periods where there's no power being applied, but the effect is that in all we're pumping less power into the light, and it's therefore less bright. Now, the problem here is that every time we cut the power or put it back in, it causes a little spike of current to appear on the electrical system. If we've got sound gear attached to the same supply as dimmers, then these spikes that are coming from our dimmers can cause interference in the sound kit.


Question: How do game anti cheats, like BattlEye or GameGuard work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do game anti cheats, like BattlEye or GameGuard work?

There are different flags that can be detected to assume someone is trying to tamper the game, such as debugging another process (the game in this case), accessing the memory mapped to that game, running the game in a virtualized environment, tampering the binary or assets and many more. Anti-cheat try to detect those abnormal behaviors targeting the game's process.


Question: What are the cognitive mechanism that drive us to consider suicide? Wouldn't the act of thinking about ending our existence be selected against or at the very least incredibly repressed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the cognitive mechanism that drive us to consider suicide? Wouldn't the act of thinking about ending our existence be selected against or at the very least incredibly repressed?

When your limbic system is taking over your frontal lobe, the innate disposition of fearing demise is receded and the only thing left to relax the soul is taking your own life unfortunately. It's more of a mental illness as being suicidal is a minor state of psychosis, therefore all sorts of rational thinking is thrown out the window and what a normal person would usually express (fear of death) is now an emotionless entity.


Question: How do chemists predict what will happen in a reaction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do chemists predict what will happen in a reaction?

Yeah, man. Chemists have a *very* good idea of what will happen in a reaction; mostly dependent on the electron/bond arrangement and physical arrangement of the molecules. There aren't hard and fast laws, but there are reliable conventions that usually hold true. And you can get a decent sense of which molecules are less likely to behave "correctly" if you do some chemistry coursework. You aren't going to run into too much math in pure chemistry (a few equations here and there dealing with equilibrium/concentration/pH) unless you delve into quantum chemistry... which I wouldn't. I'm a chemical engineer, which takes chemistry and forces tons of math onto it to approximate all sorts of chemical properties and interactions. But the majority of it is backtracking; observing chemistry in action and fitting useful models to the data. Thermodynamics is where it gets a bit theoretical and "laws of the universe" related. If you like this kind of stuff, google something like the Peng-Robinson model, which tries to describe states of matter using a purely modeled equation and physical conditions. Using a model like this, a computer can do chemistry for you computationally. It's kinda nuts. Also, most feasible reactions have been attempted and documented, or very similar reactions have been, so there aren't a ton of guys just mixing stuff together to see what will happen.


Question: what is identity crisis? And how can one be aware of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is identity crisis? And how can one be aware of it?

This can be difficult to explain. So you have an idea of who you are. "I'm smart. I'm funny. I like girls. I like jazz. I hate chocolate. Etc etc etc. Moreso, you have things that you believe about yourself which are not up for discussion. I would never do X. I will always do Y. Sometimes it's just a general idea of picturing yourself as successful when you're older. An identity crisis can happen when you discover that something you've long and deeply believed about yourself turns out to not really be true. Sometimes it's when people lose somebody they rely on in life, and they "don't know who they are" without that person. Your identity is how you view yourself. Who you consider yourself to be. When something happens that destroys that image, or destroys your ability to live up to that image, you might have an identity crisis. So if you think you're a great singer, and you always sing along to songs, and sing loud and proud to anybody who can hear, then one day your friends of many decades come together to tell you that you're tone deaf and can't sing, you might have an identity... Shift... Like a mini crisis. However, if you built your life around your singing, and you use your singing to describe yourself, and you pursue a music degree, and you work hard and THEN you find out that you're tone deaf.... What the fuck do you do now? You've never planned for a life where you weren't a good singer. Also, you start remembering soooo many instances where you were just belting out song in front of so many people and now you realize you sounded awful the while time. You probably ruined get together for some people. You start to wonder how to describe yourself now that your favorite thing doesn't fit anymore. What the hell are you going to do with your life?! WHO EVEN ARE YOU ANYMORE?!?! WHAT WILL YOU DO WITH YOUR LIFE?!?!?! AAAAAAAHHH! That's an identity crisis


Question: How high up can a person potentially live?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How high up can a person potentially live?

Highest human settlement is 5950 meters or 19000ft. If a normal ocean elevation person even gets up to 3000m, you'll be plenty light headed. I sure was after only 10 minutes of walking around and needed to sit down for half hour to catch my breath.


Question: What is the difference between Red Ocean Strategy and Blue Ocean Strategy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between Red Ocean Strategy and Blue Ocean Strategy?

Took some adderall, so bear with me: #Read Ocean Strategy **Basics** * You are competing in an established market. * The market's saturated with competition, little potential for "a new guy" * A very fine line of cost vs quality is walked in order to maximize profits * i.e. Switching sugars in soda to cheaper high fructose corn syrup (govt. subsidized) * Exploit the current demand * i.e: 3 different plans you can purchase * 1. $5, Practically nothing * 2. $15, What you need minus a few things * 3. $20, What you need and a ton of cool new things! * What sane person would get #2 when for $5 more you can get a lot more features **Examples** 1. Movie Rental places like BlockBuster, Family Rentals, and Your Local Video Store are all 99% identical. All competing for the same demand. 2. A new grocery store chain opening in your town (you're not suddenly going to need double the food, someone will lose your business). 3. Verizon vs AT & T or Sprint vs T-Mobile 4. Ford's lineup of SUV's vs Chevy's lineup of SUV's Basically anywhere a static demand market already exists. #Blue Ocean Strategy **Basics** * You create your market * You create your demand * Competition is irrelevant Rather than join an already saturated market, you innovate and create an entirely new subset of the industry. **Examples** 1. Apple created the market for online music and pay per song (iTunes), and the tablet computer (iPad) 2. Netflix is what Blockbuster could have become if they took a blue ocean approach 3. The Nintendo WII and it's wireless motion control 4. Twitter * Facebook was profile based. About you, interests, education, work, photos, thoughts, friends, blah blah. * Instagram was for Sharing pictures * Twitter was "You have 140 characters to say something, make it fast" #**TL-DR:** **Red Ocean:** Blockbuster **Blue Ocean:** Uber, the world’s largest taxi company, owns no vehicles. Facebook, the world’s most popular media owner, creates no content. Airbnb, the world’s largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate. [*src*]( URL_0 )


Question: How do companies like namecheap and godaddy own the right to sell you domain names?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do companies like namecheap and godaddy own the right to sell you domain names?

They don't actually "own" the domains you're buying, they act more like brokers. They are known as Domain Name Registrars. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is basically in charge of the internet and the virtual "space" it allows others to occupy. Think of GoDaddy as a car dealership. They do not manufacture the cars, but they provide the transaction and support services so that you can buy one. You wouldn't go to a Toyota factory to buy a car - you'd go to a dealership. Registrars like GoDaddy, NameCheap, Squarespace, etc. are all just virtual brokers or dealerships that set aside a domain of your choice (if the name is available) and offer technical support, something the manufacturer (ICANN) does not. EDIT: it sometimes feels like a monopoly because there are some big established players, but anyone can start their own registrar the same way anyone can open their own car dealership. There's an application process and I'd imagine a sizable buy-in


Question: Why do phone apps use so much data?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do phone apps use so much data?

I can't speak to all phone apps. That's far too large of a question. However, depending on which reddit app you're using, it might be pre-loading pictures or video so that when you click on them they pop up instantly. That, of course, means that you are downloading every single one, not just the ones that you click on. This should be configurable in the app settings.


Question: Why do they always use that small collection of simple monotones in EAS warnings and messages?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do they always use that small collection of simple monotones in EAS warnings and messages?

That funny collection of sounds is actually the header of the message, it helps with automating it. It carries information on what the alert is, who sent it, where it should be repeated, and how long its valid. This can be decoded by EAS equipment which is listening for this header and will decide if it should rebroadcast the alert automatically. Having the message carry the necessary information is important. In the event of a national emergency, its not a good idea to bet on someone in the radio station promptly playing it, its much better to have equipment waiting for a signal which will trigger it to repeat the message. The header is repeated 3 times to ensure that it gets through correctly, then three quick bursts to get your attention are played, followed by the actual human readable message.


Question: Why do cars vibrate more when still in comparison to when they are moving?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cars vibrate more when still in comparison to when they are moving?

Your car likely has a part that exists between your engine and your transmission called a torque converter. Your engine and transmission aren't directly connected by a solid rod, they're split by the torque converter, which is full of fluid. It allows the two to slip past one another, and provide bursts of extra torque when your car needs it. If you idle at a stoplight while still in Drive, your engine is still spinning, but your brakes have your transmission locked up. All of the force of your engine is being dissipated by your torque converter, which is slipping, and this causes a great deal of the shuddering. Put your car in neutral when you idle. The shuddering will decrease substantially and it's better for your torque converter. There's a reason why you can pop your gearshift between Drive and Neutral without pressing the gearshift switch.


Question: Why is the presence of speed cameras always announced by speed limit signs around them? Isn't the point to secretly catch people speeding?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the presence of speed cameras always announced by speed limit signs around them? Isn't the point to secretly catch people speeding?

The initial purpose of the police is not to catch as many people as possible but to prevent crimes from happening in the first place. When they tell you in advance that there will be speed cameras, you're less likely to drive too fast, which is their objective.


Question: why are eletric cars less harmful to the planet than oil cars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are eletric cars less harmful to the planet than oil cars?

Simple reason: they burn gas for for fuel. Many and most companies don't use coal for fuel anymore so the energy from grid electricity is cleaner than by an internal combustion engine. Nuclear, hydro and green power technologies make these sources of power much less of an emitter of greenhouse gases. Even power that is generated through combustion has gone towards natural gas or biofuels because of emissions regulations. So it's still cleaner, and watt for watt of power less expensive than gasoline powered cars.


Question: Why do many multimillionaires collect huge painting collections, and then give them to a museum?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do many multimillionaires collect huge painting collections, and then give them to a museum?

In addition to the other responses, some rich folks buy expensive art and then *loan* it to a museum. Museums tend not to have enough money to outright buy artwork so rich people step in to help.


Question: When it rains, why does some dirt turn into mud, and some into just... wet dirt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When it rains, why does some dirt turn into mud, and some into just... wet dirt?

When you say 'dirt' =, what youre referring to is a mix of lots of different types of soils. If the soil has a lot of clay, it turns into mud. The reason is that clay is 'waterproof' so the water doesnt go inside the dirt, it just sticks to it, making it very slippery and easy to move aka mud. If the dirt is made of say peat, or chalk, or other minerals, it actually absorbs the water like a sponge, meaning it doesnt get as slippery or easy to move. The other thing is drainage - if the dirt is loose and deep, the water drains to the bottom very quickly, meaning there is less at the top to make it slippery and muddy. If drainage is poor, the water just sits there and creates mud.


Question: If kids only learn the common core method of basic math (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), does that groundwork prepare them adequately for more advanced math?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If kids only learn the common core method of basic math (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), does that groundwork prepare them adequately for more advanced math?

Yes. If a child can multiply 12 and 4 and get 48, it doesn't really matter to an algebra teacher what method they used to arrive at the conclusion, as long as applying the same rules to 13 x 3 would give an answer of 39. I think the common core style of addition/subtraction might even be better preparation for algebra. A lot of the confusion that middle school kids have with subtraction and negative numbers are easier to grasp if you think of addition and subtraction as movement along the number line instead of increasing and decreasing quantities of objects.