Question: How do suspect drawings work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do suspect drawings work?

The artist has several templates to show the witness, and ask them questions like "Are the eyes more like this or that?". They combine a bunch of features and ask the person "How is this wrong?". The work takes skills beyond just drawing, to interact with the person and get a good drawing. Some people are not very good in their recollections, often as affected by recent drinking etc. The pictures are pretty generic, and lots of people look "like them". Of course in a TV show set in LA there are still only 100 actors+extras in the shots. If the drawing is accurate to 1:100, that means it only looks like one person on the set. But in real LA with a population of 4M people, the picture looks like about 40K of them. That's not going to be an Ah Ha moment in real life like it is on the TV show.


Question: What is truth decay and why is it important to keep in mind?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is truth decay and why is it important to keep in mind?

“Truth decay” is exactly what it sounds like. the diminishing role of facts and analysis— usually in reference to the American public life. It’s always important to check where you’re getting your facts from— if the source is twisting the data, if the source/data itself isn’t reliable, etc.


Question: Why do current FM radio station channels only range from ~80 - ~105?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do current FM radio station channels only range from ~80 - ~105?

That was the range assigned by various governments throughout the world for FM radio. Use of radio spectrum frequencies are regulated by the government. The reason being that if 2 people try to use the same frequency they could potentially interfere with one another. As a result various frequency ranges are assigned for different types of use. Some of the various ranges are AM radio, tv, wifi, cellular phone, etc. Since radio broadcasters are in a very stable physical location there is no need for a very wide range. For example if 106.1 in a city is permitted a 100 mile/160 km range, all you have to do is ensure that that frequency is assigned to another station with an overlapping range..


Question: What is Linear Functions about? What does a position or a slope of a line have to do with it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Linear Functions about? What does a position or a slope of a line have to do with it?

You and your friend have an eating competition! You will eat as many apples as you can, while your friend tries to beat you by eating more mangoes. If you eat 10 apples, your friend eats 20 mangoes. You get angry. You eat 30 apples. Your friend does better and eats 60 mangoes. Every time you try to beat him and eat more apples, inexplicably, he eats double the amount of mangoes! So your friend sees how much you eat, and then always doubles it. He does not square or cube the amount you eat. He simply doubles it. This means he increases the number of fruits he eats linearly based on how much you eat. Number of mangoes eaten by your friend = 2 * number of apples eaten by you. Here, 2 is the factor by which he eats more than you. This factor is the slope. He could triple the amount he eats or quadruple it. As long as he simply multiplies what you eat with a simple number, 2 or 3 or 10, it is a linear dependence. And the factor of multiplication is the slope. Now a third friend enters the picture. He wants to beat both of you by eating plums. He is clever. He also doubles what you eat, but to beat your 1st friend, he simply eats one more plum. So if you eat 10 apples, he first doubles it to 20 and then eats one more (making total 21) to beat your first friend. Now, the slope is still 2 because he doubled your basic amount. The addition at the end could be any simple number: 1, 10, 50 but the multiplication with the first basic number of apples was 2. Therefore the slope is still 2. You can generalize such relations with an equation like y=mx+c. Y is the final amount. X was the original amount. M is the multiplication factor. C is the addition factor. The multiplication factor is the slope. The equation itself is called a linear equation because if you take arbitrary values for m and c (say 2 and 10, so y=2x+10), and keep increasing x from 0 to 100 , you will get a value of y for each of the x value. Then if you plot the coordinates (x,y) it will turn out to be a straight LINE. If the x was not just x, but x^2 or x^3 then the plot would not longer be a line, so the equation would not be called a linear equation anymore.


Question: why do we laugh? And does it serve a purpose?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we laugh? And does it serve a purpose?

“Someone looks like they just got badly hurt! Oh wait, they’re actually ok.” “Someone just broke a social taboo! Oh, but nobody is seriously upset about it.” “Something just surprised me! Oh, but it’s nothing dangerous.” Laughter is the “all clear” signal to everyone around that releases tension when you discover that a situation that was surprising or potentially threatening in some way is not actually a serious problem. Like a lot of other behaviors, it has also been co-opted as a method of social bonding.


Question: Why do people leave the car window rolled down on a hot summer day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people leave the car window rolled down on a hot summer day?

Because my baby is in there. I'm not a monster. Eating a meal takes time and I'm not going to let him and his puppy suffer.


Question: Why do we have to learn "some" things in school even though we wouldn't need/use it in the future?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we have to learn "some" things in school even though we wouldn't need/use it in the future?

A lot of learning in school is more to teach general problem solving skills and giving a wide breadth of knowledge even if it isn't particularly deep in any particular topic. For example, after a certain point, you *won't* use a lot of particular math concepts in your day-to-day life (work *or* home) but in learning how to do these things you also learn problem solving skills.


Question: How did all the civilizations take inspiration from the cosmos?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did all the civilizations take inspiration from the cosmos?

Without modern light pollution, the night sky looks [really different]( URL_0 ). Imagine you're a primitive human. You sleep 8 hours a night, even though it's too dark to see what you're doing for (on average) 12 hours. You've got 4 hours to kill, and your options are pretty much limited to sex and talking. After you're sexed out, you might as well talk about the only thing you can see. After years of looking at the stars, you start to notice patterns - most of the stars move in a big circle, but that one star never moves, and that other bright star wanders around on its own, and that one constellation always shows up around harvest time.


Question: If a medication has a half life of 6 hours, (we can use montelukast for this examples) but say it’s effective for 24 hours? How can that be true?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a medication has a half life of 6 hours, (we can use montelukast for this examples) but say it’s effective for 24 hours? How can that be true?

Nurse here. Medication is like the porridge in Goldilocks, too much in the body (a lot of side effects, OD), too little in the body (no effect) or juuuust right amount (the desired effect). The just right is called the therapeutic window. Now, the therapeutic window is different for different medications. Let's say that you take Montelukast, the therapeutic window is quite broad.. so even if you take a high amount it doesn't hit the levels where it would do damage, but can also go down half and still be in the therapeutic window. There are also other reasons, for example slow release tablets that make the uptake of the body to be more spaced out. There are many different reasons for this. Hope that helps.


Question: What does statistically significant mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does statistically significant mean?

It means "it's very unlikely this happened by chance". Take a coin, and throw it into the air. It can either land heads or tails. If it's a fair coin, the probabilities are 50/50. Half the time it's going to be heads, half tails. How likely are you to get heads twice in a row? 0.5 * 0.5 = 25% How likely are you to get heads 3 times in a row? 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5 = 12.5% At some fuzzy point that's really quite arbitrary we just decide "Well, it's came up heads 100 times in a row. That's very, very unlikely to happen by chance, so it must be that the coin is rigged to fall on heads". The "p < 0.05" is just a way to say "the probability of this happening by chance is below 5%", and somebody decided that a 5% risk of being wrong because things happened to align just right is acceptable.


Question: In music theory, what determines a chord's name?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In music theory, what determines a chord's name?

Short version : the distance in pitch between the individual notes in the chord. Long version: a chord is 3 notes or more played simultaneously. As you may already know, there are 7 "whole" notes: A B C D E F G. It's the distance between notes in that chord that give the chord its "name". About how we measure the distance in pitch in music: The distance in pitch between A and B for example is called a tone. Same between C and D, D and E,and so on. So, are all notes distant in pitch from the next one from a tone? Almost. B to C and E to F are only distant from a half-tone (yeah it can seem random but don't bother why for now, that's a different topic ;) So, for example, C is 2 tones away from E: - > C to D = 1 tone - > D to E = 1 tone == > C to E = 2 tones. A is only 1,5 tones away from C: - > A to B = 1 tone - > B to C = 0,5 tone (as mentioned above) == > A to C = 1,5 tone With this system, you can write in number the distance in pitch between any notes. We use a word for each of the possible distance between notes: it's called Intervals. That's where those major and minor stuff comes in play. From A, the second note is B. It's called a second. From A again, the third note is C. It's called a third, and so on ( fourth to D, fifth to F...) But wait, if I go from B to D, the half note thing is messing with our nice intervals, isn't it? Why should A to C (1,5tones difference) and C to E ( 2 tones difference) be called the same? They are clearly different to human ear!! C to E is a Major Third (2 tones distance) A to C is a minor Third (1,5 tones distance) That's why you call C-E-G a Major Chord (remember we need 3 notes to make a Chord) : it starts with a Major Third ( C to E). And A-C-E is a minor Chord : it starts with a minor Third (A to C are only 1,5 half-tone distant) And what about this third note? Well, its distance from the first one will also be indicated in the chord's name. If you have a 4 or 5 notes chord, same deal, it changes the chord's name. I will admit something though. I kinda lied. If you go half a tone ( also called half a step) higher than A, you get something that is also a note : A sharp. Half a tone below A is A flat. So you could say that there is really 12 notes in the western tonal music. I'll let you try and count - fun times. And just to mess with you: B sharp exists, C flat also, they are the same note on a piano but we sometime need to differentiate them. Told you, fun times. Hope it helps, don't hesitate to check for more info or PM me, I learned music in a different language so I might have made little mistakes!


Question: When exhaling underwater, why do multiple bubbles come out and not a big one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When exhaling underwater, why do multiple bubbles come out and not a big one?

Because the air that you exhale starts rising up to the surface right away, and doesn't wait for you to "inflate" the bubble to make it bigger. If you could swim upwards as fast as the air bubbles, you could theoretically inflate a big bubble like a balloon, while it rises up to the surface.


Question: If wearing a face mask doesn’t reduce oxygen levels, then why does it feel difficult to breathe when wearing one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If wearing a face mask doesn’t reduce oxygen levels, then why does it feel difficult to breathe when wearing one?

Your body doesn't sense oxygen level. It senses CO2 level. This means that the extra CO2 from your exhaust that you breathe back in signals "stuffy air" to your lungs and tells them to work harder. It's not a feature, it's a bug, as the exhaust still has most of the oxygen it had in the first place.


Question: Why is a triangle always 180 degrees?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a triangle always 180 degrees?

If you are walking along the perimeter of a triangle, you will turn a total of 360° by the time that you get back to where you started. That 360° will be spread among the three corners of the triangle. At each corner you will turn by some amount. 180° minus the amount that you turn is the interior angle of that corner (draw it out if you aren't sure). The sum of the interior angles is therefore (180°-turn1)+(180°-turn2)+(180°-turn3)=540°-(sum of turns). Since the sum of the turns in 360°, that means the sum of the interior angles is 180°


Question: How are chess players rated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are chess players rated?

The Elo rating system. Players have a numerical rank that goes up when they win and down when they lose. When they win against someone with a lower rating than them, they don't get as many points as when they beat someone with a higher rank than them. If they lose against someone higher rated than them they don't lose as many points as if they lost to someone ranked below them. This means you need to beat players of equivalent or greater skill (per the rating system) to increase your rank, but losing to an extremely highly rated player isn't very impactful unless you are also very highly rated. You can't easily rank up by beating players much worse than you, but losing to them is very detrimental. Many other sports and eSports use a similar ranking system.


Question: Why do some statistics count numbers in the millions “in thousands?”

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some statistics count numbers in the millions “in thousands?”

I'm assuming you're actually talking about visualizations of data, like graphs. If one of the dimensions of your dataset is just a collection of very large numbers (e.g. all the population counts of South American countries) it's easier to just add a footnote "*thousands" so you don't have to write out all digits in the visualization.


Question: AMA with Neil Degrasse Tyson where he said there was no room for more elements on the periodic table and we have discovered all the natural elements in the universe. Is it possible there are some elsewhere in the universe that just don't naturally occur where we are?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 AMA with Neil Degrasse Tyson where he said there was no room for more elements on the periodic table and we have discovered all the natural elements in the universe. Is it possible there are some elsewhere in the universe that just don't naturally occur where we are?

Elements are still made up of the same material, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Differing numbers of these define the chemical elements that exist. So they can't 'hide,' if you know what you've got with 11 protons, and you know what you've got with 12 protons, there's not something with 11.5 protons undiscovered in the wild. There might be elements that are not yet discovered, which don't occur (frequently or at all) naturally, and which are not very stable, that we haven't seen yet, but they're not going to pop up in the middle of the table, and we can't really conceive of a way for them to be likely to exist in the wild. For them to form 'somewhere else in the universe' in any different fashion you'd have to come up with a reason to expect a different part of the universe behaves differently than the part we can see.


Question: Why do guns recoil upward rather than downward?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do guns recoil upward rather than downward?

Because the barrel is at the top of the gun and where the gun makes contact with your body is below the barrel. The gun will pivot where it connects to your body.


Question: how does Toys R Us royally screw former employees out of wages and due benefits by filing for bankruptcy but is able to open a new brick and mortar store domestically without having to make good on the former?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does Toys R Us royally screw former employees out of wages and due benefits by filing for bankruptcy but is able to open a new brick and mortar store domestically without having to make good on the former?

Are you talking about Canada? Sounds like Fairfax Financial bought the remaining stores. Basically when a company buys the assets of another company that has filed bankruptcy including the stores and the name, the new company isn't responsible for the debts of the original company.


Question: how does bug spray kill bugs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does bug spray kill bugs?

It depends on the specific chemical, but a lot of them are some form of insect-specific nerve agent. There are a variety of modes of action, but the most common (afaik) is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, preventing nerve signals from turning off. This is the same mechanism of action as sarin gas, but the chemicals used will only (intentionally) affect insects.


Question: Why do people claim milk is unhealthy when we are all taught that it is healthy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people claim milk is unhealthy when we are all taught that it is healthy?

An interesting series of studies on low-fat vs. full-fat dairy. A 46% less occurrence of diabetes in full-fat dairy consumers. Of course, correlation is not causation, but 46%?!!? Geez.


Question: Is there any biological use for the pearls that some oysters create, or are we basically just wearing clam cancer around our necks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there any biological use for the pearls that some oysters create, or are we basically just wearing clam cancer around our necks?

A grain of sand gets into the flesh of the oyster and it has sharp edges that cut. The oyster in turn creates a coating that smooths out the sharp edges so they don’t cause too much damage to the flesh. The oyster has no way of ejecting the sand so it keeps making the coating, and keeps layering it on the grain of sand. Eventually you end up with a pearl. Other than protecting the soft flesh of the oyster from damage by sand, no, there is no real biological reason to create them. If the oyster could somehow eject the offending particle, we wouldn’t get pearls.


Question: Why do planets close the Sun, like Mercury, have very hot days BUT very cold nights as well, despite being so closr to the Sun?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do planets close the Sun, like Mercury, have very hot days BUT very cold nights as well, despite being so closr to the Sun?

When the sun is shining on the side of a planet it warms up that ground, when that side rotates away from the sun it radiates its heat away into space. If there is an atmosphere, that traps a lot of the IR radiation and keeps that side of the planet warm Mercury has basically no atmosphere so it makes sense that it'll get hit with a huge amount of sunlight and be very hot during the day which takes 88 Earth days.... It then has no atmosphere to trap the heat so during the 88 Earth days that a side is facing away from the sun it can radiate away basically all of its heat Venus is another one that is closer to the sun than us and also rotates stupidly slowly (a Venusian day takes 116 Earth days) but because it has such a thick atmosphere the majority of the energy absorbed during those first 63 days can't effectively radiate away during the 63 day long night period. Venus's atmosphere at the surface is 50x denser than Earths so it is pretty much always at 460C all across the planet unlike Mercury which swings from -220C to 420C


Question: How do plugged in electronics take only as much power as they need?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do plugged in electronics take only as much power as they need?

Think of mains power like the water in a tap. The water can only flow if there is a path for it to flow. Opening, closing, or limiting the path, the device controls how much current flows.


Question: On most microphones there is a metal grate that you sing or speak into, why does this not distort or muffle the voice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 On most microphones there is a metal grate that you sing or speak into, why does this not distort or muffle the voice?

The short answer is that the openings in the grate are wide enough to as to avoid any major impact. It *probably* does make a tiny difference, but it's an acceptable trade-off for the sake of the microphone element's protection.


Question: Why does dropping a firecracker in an enclosed space (e.g. sewer/manhole or mine shaft) create such a large explosion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does dropping a firecracker in an enclosed space (e.g. sewer/manhole or mine shaft) create such a large explosion?

It *can* cause an explosion because of the buildup of sewer gases as a result of decomposition. There is a lot of methane and other compounds which is flammable that accumulates in those confined spaces. Adding a spark or flame can set the whole thing off. You can also see the same phenomenon in swamp gas and ordinary flatulence ~~if~~ when you light it.


Question: why does powder detergent feels hot when you pour a little water ( enough to become like a paste ) on your hand?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does powder detergent feels hot when you pour a little water ( enough to become like a paste ) on your hand?

Well I’m not sure about this, but the most likely explanation for a mixture of powder and water feeling hot to touch is that when the powder dissolved in the water, the process is “exothermic,” meaning that it gives off heat. Some powders would feel cold to the touch when dissolving in water (endothermic), while others are like your powder detergent. It depends on the properties of the chemical that makes up the powder, along with a few more complex rules of chemistry! :-)


Question: How do satellites leave the atmosphere no problem, but burn up when they come back in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do satellites leave the atmosphere no problem, but burn up when they come back in?

The satellites are enclosed in a [protective fairing]( URL_0 ) on the top of a rocket on their way up. When they get outside the atmosphere they eject the fairing which then falls back to Earth, then the satellite is sped the rest of the way up to get into a good orbit. The fairing has a huge area and not much mass so it falls back to Earth relatively slowly, they generally land in the ocean though SpaceX has been trying to catch theirs in a net to make them quicker to reuse. The rocket also travels quite a bit slower while going up than the satellite would coming down. The rocket might be going Mach 10 when it gets to the really thin areas of the upper atmosphere but would be going significantly slower in the thicker sections. A satellite in Low Earth Orbit is traveling around Mach 22 and will quickly reach the denser parts of the atmosphere and experience far far more heating on the way down than the much slower rocket did on the way up.


Question: Scientifically speaking, how do we generate the voice in our head that says all of our thoughts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Scientifically speaking, how do we generate the voice in our head that says all of our thoughts?

It is a little bit complicated, and still being actively researched. The basic concept is that when you are reading or thinking about something, your mind actually does almost all the same things as if you were going to speak it. When you read this sentence you mind is actually doing 90% of the same things as if you were going to speak it. Older [studies]( URL_0 ) found that the larynx is making tiny mico movements when you hear the voice in your head. Newer [studies]( URL_1 ) have found that the mind anticipates the noises you make when you actually speak, and thus filters them to avoid sensation confusion. When you read or think in your voice the mind is making that same anticipation reflex which is why you hear it in your own voice.


Question: If an atom splitting causes a nuclear explosion, could a natural coincidence cause one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If an atom splitting causes a nuclear explosion, could a natural coincidence cause one?

Instable atoms split all the time in nature. What causes a nuclear explosion is a chainreaction where one splitting causes multiple more. This is only possible if you have enough instable material gathered in one place (critical mass) wich will instantly explode. Thats how they are triggered. Take something below critical mass and smack a little more Uranium on it. It's a statistical property but the chance of Uranium below the critical mass getting a chainreaction going is just too low to think about it. Imagine you roll a dice and whenever you have a 6 you roll 2 more times. How high is the chance to get a billion throws before each chain ends? Atoms lighter than iron (so most we see in our daily life) do not release energy when they split. Other heavy atoms do not split spontanously because they are stable. It's really just a few radioactive materials that work for this process because they are large and instable.


Question: Why are phone screen still made in breakable glass?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are phone screen still made in breakable glass?

Plexiglass isn't a glass, it's plastic: it scratches really easily. And there is no "unbreakable glass" so I'm not really sure what you're referring to. If you mean like the one in car windshields, that one still breaks but the fragments are kept in place by thin layers of plastic laminated together with the glass: you still see the cracks. Phone screens are made of glass whose surface has been strongly hardened to increase scratch and impact resistance, but like any brittle materials they still break in some cases.


Question: is it true that when japanese workers are on a strike they start to produce more instead of not producing at all? Why? How does this work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 is it true that when japanese workers are on a strike they start to produce more instead of not producing at all? Why? How does this work?

I have not heard of the example you give, but I have heard of service workers still providing their service without accepting any payment. The customer is still happy but the owner isn’t making any income. Not sure if this is the reason, but this tactic certainly keeps the public sympathetic to the striking workers.


Question: How do materials and objects absorb light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do materials and objects absorb light?

Atoms are made out of protons, neutrons and electrons. Electrons are in shells around the nucleus. Electrons can move up a shell if they receive the right amount of energy called quanta in the form of photons (light). This is how light is absorbed, through electrons. Electrons can also not absorb light and just let it pass through making it transparent in that spectrum of light (think glass, it lets through visible light but not UV). An atom can also absorb light and re-emit it, making the light look like it bounced off of it. We know that the particle that carries the electromagnetic interaction is the photon. It interacts with charged particles like quarks, leptons (without neutrinos), the W boson (also antimatter). Also ionizing radiation is dangerous for the reason it carries so much energy it can kick electrons out of the atom completely, causing mutations and damage to the tissue. TL:DR-electrons in different shells need different amounts of energy to move up a shell. Every atom/molecule needs different energy levels for their shells. Photons interact with electrons and can be absorbed, pass through or bounce off of the atom.


Question: what do your organs do after surgery? Like the ones that get removed, what happens with that space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what do your organs do after surgery? Like the ones that get removed, what happens with that space?

All your organs are stuffed in you pretty tightly. After removing one, your other organs just kinda fill up the negative space. Picture winning a stuffed toy out of a claw machine.


Question: . How does a snowflake maintain symmetry in all of six sections but share no symmetry with other snowflakes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 . How does a snowflake maintain symmetry in all of six sections but share no symmetry with other snowflakes?

by "careful" practice. A symmetric snowflake costs less energy to maintain than an asymmetric one. Or in other words, starting from a warm drop, when the molecules wiggle and try a more symmetric shape, they release more energy into the surrounding. if the surrounding is colder than the water/flake they don't get that energy back. So bit by bit as the snowflake loses energy, it gets more and more symnetric.


Question: What is a brokerage firm and how do they make profit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a brokerage firm and how do they make profit?

A group of people who help you buy and sell stocks (or other investments). They charge you a fee every time you buy or sell something. URL_2 URL_0 URL_1


Question: Why do certain musical notes harmonize?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do certain musical notes harmonize?

It's the relative position of the peaks and troughs of the wave form. If a second pitch has a waveform that will align a peak frequently, then the sound is considered pleasant. Two notes that are dissonant would have peaks that only aligned after a great number or cycles, which is why dissonant notes have different rates at which they "warble". Not the most eloquent answer, but that's basically it.


Question: Why can we stay in the 100C° sauna for a few minutes, but can't take the heat if your shower water is a little bit too hot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we stay in the 100C° sauna for a few minutes, but can't take the heat if your shower water is a little bit too hot?

Burns aren't just a result of how hot something is, but also how quickly the heat can transfer from something else, to your skin. The water you're in contact with in the sauna is water vapor, which doesn't transfer heat to you as well as the direct water from your shower.


Question: How did the restaurant industry convince the American population to pay their employees for them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did the restaurant industry convince the American population to pay their employees for them?

Before the Prohibition of alcohol, tips were basically bribery so some customer could get better services like bigger plates of be given food faster. When the Prohibition of alcohol came, restaurants saw a huge income decrease and they encourage their waiters to accept tips so they could get paid, instead of readjusting the whole prices so the money before spent on alcohol was driven to food and non.alcoholic beverages. This become so strong that now reataurants can pay little no nothing while their customers live out of tips. In reallity, they can accept the tips and if they dont get to minimun wage, they can legally ask the money to their employer so they can get minimun wage. This is something just in USA and maybe some other countries. In Spain, where i live, tipping is not mandatory but is somewhat encouraged if the service is good, fast and take more orders than normal, if the table was big, if they bring bread and tap water instead of bottled when we ask for it... In Japan is even considered of bad education to give money as a tip cause is seen as a way to show off how much money you have.


Question: what's the difference between shampoo and shampoo body wash mix?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what's the difference between shampoo and shampoo body wash mix?

Copy Pasta from 3 years ago when something very similar was asked. Question credit goes to: /u/alexjo1996 Answer credit goes to: /u/jlking3 --------------- Shampoo and body wash can actually be interchangeable, as anyone in an emergency situation knows. There's a slightly different pH required for both, but our bodies are quite adaptable, so using the more acidic of the two for both is acceptable, especially for the short time the detergent is on our skin and how rapidly it is rinsed away. Combination shampoo-body washes tend to be made a little thinner than a standalone body wash, so that helps things rinse away well. The combination shampoo-conditioners don't condition your hair in the same way that regular conditioners do (which is by replacing oils that the detergent strips away). Combination shampoo-conditioners work on the notion that certain very acidic shampoo formulas leave the cuticle of the hair smoothed down instead of fluffed up. This smoothness feels like there have been oils or waxes added to the hair, but that actually hasn't happened. It just feels that way. (To feel your hair cuticles fluffed up instead of smoothed down, use plain bar soap to wash your hair. It's not pleasant, and is only bearable if you have your hair cut with clippers on the #1 (1/8" or 3mm) setting.) Shampoo-conditioner combinations are just the shampoos that happen to leave the hair feeling so soft that you won't feel it necessary to add oils or waxes for a softer feeling. It's possible, as one other poster mentioned, to capsule-ize the conditioner into something that doesn't burst open until the hair is rinsed, but there are a lot of unknown factors that make this approach less useful. The most important of these is that the time the shampoo is in the hair and scalp is an unknown entity. Some people shampoo up their hair first thing in the shower and don't rinse it off until the end of the shower. Others shampoo and rinse at the very end. If you wait too long after lathering, the capsultes are likely to break open long before the rinsing. If you shampoo and rinse very quickly, then the capsules may not have time to break, and will just be rinsed away with the rest of the shampoo. People with exceptionally dry hair will benefit from a shampoo-conditioner combo followed by a conditioning treatment. The "built-in" conditioner is actually just a slightly lower pH than other shampoos. Dishwashing detergent not labeled for hand soap purposes is not as acidic, and the surfactants tend to be stronger, and so it makes for a more irritating body wash and shampoo. One exception to that: Liquid Octagon used to promote itself as an everyday/everything soap: from people to clothes to dishes to pets to floors. It didn't really do a great job on any of them, but it did a passable/barely-acceptable job on everything.


Question: So many different brands of eggs in the supermarket. Is there really any difference in quality, nutrition, or taste?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 So many different brands of eggs in the supermarket. Is there really any difference in quality, nutrition, or taste?

Yes - Quality In - Quality Out. The quality, taste, shell color, yolk color, shell thickness, etc. are all affected by the food consumed by the hen that laid them. Typical factory farmed eggs have thin shells, muted yellow yolks, and an average taste. Fresh off the farm eggs have solid thick shells, bright yellow, and rich taste. Not everyone has the option to get farm fresh eggs, but there is a difference. If you ever get a chance, pick up a few and try for yourself. Most eggs are fine from the stores, but there is a difference.


Question: Why does metal spoon taste weird after touching aluminium foil?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does metal spoon taste weird after touching aluminium foil?

Galvanic reaction. I am very sensitive to this as well. Essentially, electrons are transferring from the aluminum to the steel. Here's an explainer URL_0


Question: Why is it easier to set a piece of paper on fire by it's corner than on it's center?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier to set a piece of paper on fire by it's corner than on it's center?

Like you're actually 5: Lighting the edge is easier because it's like lighting both sides at the same time.


Question: Eristothenes measured the circumference of the earth by measuring the shadow of two poles, miles apart, at the exact same time. So how did he know the poles were being measured at exactly the same time in an era when people used the sun for timekeeping?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Eristothenes measured the circumference of the earth by measuring the shadow of two poles, miles apart, at the exact same time. So how did he know the poles were being measured at exactly the same time in an era when people used the sun for timekeeping?

By doing it at local apparent noon. This is, by definition, the time of day when the sun reaches its highest point in the sky. If 2 places are on the exact same line of longitude (i.e., directly north and south of each other), local apparent noon will occur at exactly the same time in both places. You can, of course, measure this with a sundial. It turns out that while close, Alexandria and Syene (modern day Aswan) are not directly north and south of each other, which introduced some error into his calculations. Still, they're close enough that his measurement was remarkably close to the correct value.


Question: If you stop developing or growing at around age 20, why do people still change with age and look radically different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you stop developing or growing at around age 20, why do people still change with age and look radically different?

Skin cells lose their quality in terms of smoothness etc, bone structure deteriotes and loss of underlying tissue support. Think of it as a balloon, when you first blow it up everything is smooth and strong, then as the air is let out it looks worse and worse until it ends up being stabbed and thrown in the bin. Environmental factors such as drinking, smoking and diet also factors into why we age and look different l.


Question: Why do certain things taste bad? And why does taste differ from person to person?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do certain things taste bad? And why does taste differ from person to person?

It's a result of evolution. Speaking very simply, in the beginning everyone had completely different tastes. Among this fishbowl of different tasters, there was a group of people who thought that poisonous fruit X tasted horrible. These people avoided fruit X and survived. The others who liked fruit X died. Today, we are the result of the fruit X avoiders. Now, the same applied to other foods. Just by random chance (genetics is quite random by nature) some people liked coriander (aka cilantro) and other people didn't. But since coriander didn't kill people, it didn't really matter so the current bunch of survivors we see today can like or dislike it with no real issue.


Question: What is the P versus NP problem?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the P versus NP problem?

So we have problems that can be solved, for example, 15x=75, and we have methods to solve them, in our example we have algebra that tells us x=5 easily. We call these P time problems. Some other kinds of problems aren't so simple, like solving prime factors. What's the prime factorization of 3640? It's really hard to do that without checking every available combination. We call these harder problems NP time problems. The last thing is that we can sometimes find that an NP problem is actually a P problem, we just didn't know the easy solution. A recent example is that we found a P solution to determining if a given number is prime. The P vs NP problem is this. "Can all NP time problems be collapsed into P time problems?" This is difficult because as it turns out, the P vs NP problem is itself an NP problem, which is a weirdly provable statement.


Question: For example a star that we can see may have already exploded 30 million years ago but due to the vast distance between us it is delayed and therefore we can still see it. How far does an explosion have to be for us to see an actual delay?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 For example a star that we can see may have already exploded 30 million years ago but due to the vast distance between us it is delayed and therefore we can still see it. How far does an explosion have to be for us to see an actual delay?

Light travels about 186,000 miles per second. So if the explosion happens 186,000 miles away there would be a one second delay before a viewer could see it. If an explosion occured on the moon it, a viewer on Earth would see it about 1.3 seconds after it occurs because the surface of the moon is about 239,000 miles away. Edit:. Shoulda used km.


Question: How do countries like US, Japan and Italy continue to be top economies despite maintaining more debt than their GDP?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do countries like US, Japan and Italy continue to be top economies despite maintaining more debt than their GDP?

Does your house cost more than your annual salary? Then you have more personal debt than personal economy, and that's relatively common. Plus, you might die or retire some day and your personal debt has a "limited shelf life", so to speak. These nations last much longer than people, so their debt is even less of an issue. I wouldn't invest in Somali government bonds, as they tend to replace their government rather more frequently.


Question: Why do Saturn and Jupiter look so similar in size right now, despite Saturn being so much further away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Saturn and Jupiter look so similar in size right now, despite Saturn being so much further away?

Can you link one of these pictures where they're about the same size? Because all the pictures I see doing a search shows Saturn considerably smaller than Jupiter, as you'd expect.


Question: How do websites that illegally stream movies and TV stay online?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do websites that illegally stream movies and TV stay online?

From what I understand, some sports streaming sites operate out of countries/on domains where the local law doesn't care or have the resources to shut them down (.se or .sx) Not that I have any knowledge of any such sites, mind you.


Question: How do activity trackers know when I'm asleep? How they deduce REM sleep, deep sleep etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do activity trackers know when I'm asleep? How they deduce REM sleep, deep sleep etc?

I believe they just measure your heart rate. It goes down significantly when you go to sleep


Question: Im watching a show about a man that murdered a woman and they took impressions of tire tracks in sand. Why does the sand stay in place instead of losing shape when liquid is poured over the top?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Im watching a show about a man that murdered a woman and they took impressions of tire tracks in sand. Why does the sand stay in place instead of losing shape when liquid is poured over the top?

Its a high density "liquid" slowly poured over to keep the sand from shifting. The pressure of the vehicle along with moisture and other debris has impacted the sand so it takes a good amount of force to ruin the imprint. This is why crime scene preservation is required


Question: Why is it so hard to think about a song while listening to a different one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard to think about a song while listening to a different one?

Selective attention. As much as we wish we could pay attention to more than one thing at once, or multi-task, we literally can't, our brains aren't built for it.


Question: How can there be lactose free milk?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can there be lactose free milk?

Lactose intolerant people are unable to produce an enzyme called lactase that breaks down lactose. Without the enzyme, the undigested lactose causes digestion problems. Producers can simply add lactase enzyme to the milk before selling it, making sure the lactose is pre-digested before someone drinks it. A common alternative comes in the form of lactase tablets people can take whenever they can't avoid regular dairy products.


Question: How do lubricants actually work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do lubricants actually work?

Everything you see has little holes on it, like a golf ball. These holes grab each other as the objects touch. This slows down the object's ability to move. This is called friction. Lubricants work by filling in all the little holes so that objects can slide smoothly past each other.


Question: What does it mean when a company files for bankruptcy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean when a company files for bankruptcy?

It's a formal filing that the company will not be able to pay debts as originally agreed in it's current form. There are two general types for companies: 1.) Appeal for a reorganization of existing debts with more favorable terms (such as a longer loan term or lower interest). Creditors may agree with this if they believe the company is still likely to be able to repay the owed debts, but is currently overburdened. 2.) Liquidate (sell off) everything the company owes, use that money to repay any debts owed, and cease to exist. If creditors feel that the company would be insolvent even with some relief, this option is often essentially forced. The downside is that if the debts are greater than the value of the company, some debts will remain unpaid.


Question: Why does Google Earth edit-out northern polar ice cap?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Google Earth edit-out northern polar ice cap?

The North Pole has no land mass. It's just ice, as opposed to the South Pole. Which is it's own continent.


Question: Can someone explain why we use the 'number' infinity? And also how if you continually take 1 away from infinity how it will never reach a numerical number?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone explain why we use the 'number' infinity? And also how if you continually take 1 away from infinity how it will never reach a numerical number?

Infinity is a concept, an idea. It is not a number and it follows its own rules which are not always consistent depending on the infinity type in question. You cannot remove a finite number of 1 and get infinity down to a finite number. By definition there are an never ending stream of '1' that make up your infinity. You can subtract all day long and have an infinity to go. We use the concept because it is useful. It makes it easy to calculate trends and limits and is an integral part of so many concepts in maths that cannot be dismissed. (How many points make up a sphere? Infinite)


Question: Why do you only get brightly coloured beautiful birds in warmer areas the planet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you only get brightly coloured beautiful birds in warmer areas the planet?

Coloration in animals and birds can serve many purposes - some can be protective coloration (hiding) some can be for sexual selection (blue feet on blue footed boobies). There can be warning coloration (like bumble bees and some venomous snakes). These things are always a trade off - is increasing the warning a better strategy than hiding? Sometimes yes and sometimes no, but if the answer is more often than not, then that pattern tends to stick around In this case, it is probably that YOU notice the colorful tropical birds. There is a good [article here]( URL_0 ) Basically, If you look at birds in the tropics, there are a lot of colorful birds that stand out. But there are really more species in general there, and there are just as many more of the little brown ones


Question: Why do colors look different through our phone's camera compared to our eyes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do colors look different through our phone's camera compared to our eyes?

You've essentially explained it for yourself. The higher the resolution of the camera, the more 'lifelike' (or what we perceive as such) the photo looks as our eyes are very sensitive and can pick up on details a regular smart phone camera simply could not.