Question: Why does it take such a short amount of time to get drunk, but edibles (cannabis) can take upwards of hours to take effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it take such a short amount of time to get drunk, but edibles (cannabis) can take upwards of hours to take effect?

It comes down to how your body absorbs the different chemicals. THC can be absorbed very quickly through the mouth in the form of tinctures and some candies. That is because the THC is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream through your mouth's mucus membrane. However, if you eat a brownie, the THC is absorbed through your gastrointestinal tract. Basically, you have to digest the cookie and the liver will process the THC. Hence why a cookie takes so much longer to take effect. Now alcohol is absorbed through your intestinal tract, specifically the small intestine absorbs ~80% of the alcohol, this can still take a little time but is still quicker. Additionally the other 20% is absorbed very quickly through the stomach, and even starts being absorbed in the mouth. I am not a doctor, but I did have to get my "liquor license" for my job, and also listened to a podcast about cannabis. I believe it was a StuffYouShouldKnow episode. Hope this helps.


Question: what is Novamin in toothpaste, how does it work, and is it a permanent solution?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is Novamin in toothpaste, how does it work, and is it a permanent solution?

The hard and protective outer surface of teeth “enamel” is sometimes worn down and very small tunnels, or tubes, that are usually hidden under the enamel are exposed. The tubes are called tubules and it is often painful or uncomfortable when they are exposed, to cold drinks or salt, sweet or acid foods. Novamin consist of very small glass-like particles, a material not very different from the enamel that protects the tooth. The Novamin particles will clog the small holes (exposed tubules, remember?) and stop liquids and salts from entering. So the bad sensation in the teeth is stopped as the tunnels can no longer be reached. If you stop brushing your teeth with Novamin toothpaste, the particles will naturally wash away from the exposed tubules and the icing sensations will reappear in a few days.


Question: Why do some wind turbines, when all faced the same direction, turn while others do not? Furthermore, why do they all seem to turn at the same speed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some wind turbines, when all faced the same direction, turn while others do not? Furthermore, why do they all seem to turn at the same speed?

They might not be turning for at least two reasons: 1) they have been commanded offline for maintenance, because the power isn't needed, ...; 2) the local wind sensor on the turbine doesn't detect the minimum wind needed to generate minimum power because or hills, wind currents, spoilage from other turbines, ... . The wind turbine has a rotation rate that extracts the maximum energy, as a function of windspeed. If all the turbines are made by the same company, and they are all in the same wind, then that optimization process is likely to have them turning at very similar rates.


Question: In the context of video games, what exactly are unused assets, and how are they discovered by gamers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In the context of video games, what exactly are unused assets, and how are they discovered by gamers?

What are unused assets? images, sound files, algorithms, data (items, areas, characters, etc) and other stuff that isn't used and doesn't appear during normal gameplay. It may have been intended for inclusion in the game but removed at some point for any number of reasons. How are they discovered by gamers? By poking around in the actual files the game stores on your computer. These are often compressed with standard packaging tools so they can be uncompressed/unpackaged with free tools. A lot of games are built around universal engines (e.g. the Mass Effect series was built on Unreal Engine 3) which have freely available specifications, including ones for how files get processed by the engine.


Question: what is the difference between MDMA and SSRI’s in the brain? Why is one a party drug and one a medicine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the difference between MDMA and SSRI’s in the brain? Why is one a party drug and one a medicine?

As a brief primer, neurotransmitters work like little messengers. They send signals between the gap (synaptic cleft) of 2 neurons, so those neurons can communicate. To do this, neurotransmitters leave the presynaptic cell (the "sender" neuron) and cross the synaptic cleft to receptor on the surface of the postsynaptic cell (the "receiver cell"). The receptor is the doorway that let's the neurotransmitters in the cells. After the neurotransmitter has sent its message to the receiver cell, it goes back to the sender cell, which is called reuptake. SSRIs are *selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.* They work by blocking some reuptake receptors of serotonin into the presynaptic neurons. This means that it's harder for the serotonin to get back inside the presynaptic neuron, so it spends more time in the synaptic cleft, which means it has more time enter a receptor on the postsynaptic neuron. Think if it like leaving a package at the post office for a long time so the receiver has time to go pick it up before it goes back to the sender. MDMA is a serotonin releasing agent *and* a reuptake inhibitor. Normally, the amount of serotonin that leaves the presynpatic neuron is carefully regulated (it only releases how much it needs to). MDMA makes it dump *all* of its serotonin into the synaptic cleft at once. It also unselectively blocks the reuptake back into the presynaptic neuron, so *all* of that serotonin is floating around in the synaptic cleft and binding with the receptors in the postsynaptic neuron. & #x200B; Even more eli5: Normal serotonin function is like a door-to-door salesman ringing your doorbell once. Either you let him in, or you don't. Either way, he goes home after. SSRI's are that same door-to-door salesman but he knock 5 times before you either let him in or he goes home, and he stays longer because he forgot his keys to his house. MDMA is 5000 salesmen arriving in a fleet of buses, crashing through your front door, and staying as long as they want regardless of whether or not you ask them to leave.


Question: What do metrologists mean by the "feels like" temperature and how is is different than the actual temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do metrologists mean by the "feels like" temperature and how is is different than the actual temperature?

Let say it's 25°C in a room. Now turn on a fan. The temperature is same but it feels like colder when the fan in turned on.


Question: Sometimes lightning strikes, kind of pulses, and then seems to disappear, but then reappears a second later in the same exact squiggly shape- what's going on there? (Clarifying source video included in comments, if that's allowed)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Sometimes lightning strikes, kind of pulses, and then seems to disappear, but then reappears a second later in the same exact squiggly shape- what's going on there? (Clarifying source video included in comments, if that's allowed)

The initial pulse is a smaller amount of energy sort of 'feeling' it's way through the atmosphere, trying to find the lowest resistance path to ground (the Earth). Once part of it reaches ground, then the bulk of the current can immediately follow that path, and that's when you see the big flash as a ton of energy discharges.


Question: How is it possible to divide by zero in the Reimann's sphere? In other words how come there is no such thing as a negative infinity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it possible to divide by zero in the Reimann's sphere? In other words how come there is no such thing as a negative infinity?

Dividing by zero is not allowed in standard algebra because it leads to undefined answers. 1/0 = 2/0, but under standard algebra that implies that 1 = 2 which breaks the rules of algebra. The Riemann Sphere behaves like typical complex algebra, except with the addition of a *valid answer to 1/0*, namely positive infinity. It explicitly says there is no negative infinity. Operations involving infinity are explicitly defined; x + inf = inf, for example. Other operations are not allowed, same as in normal algebra; inf - inf is undefined and an illegal operation. By handling infinity in these specific ways, any paradoxes that would allow us to "prove" 1=2 are removed, and logical consistency is maintained.


Question: Why are old people more susceptible to colder temperatures than younger people?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are old people more susceptible to colder temperatures than younger people?

Each cell in your body respires this generates heat and keeps us at around 37c. Younger people are fitter and are producing more cells than are dying off. This is not the same in an elderly person therefore their bodies cannot regulate body temperature as effectively. May not be correct but it's my explanation Edit: Thinning of fat layers and reduced circulation will also contribute


Question: Why are videos sent from Android to iPhone's and vice versa always blurry amd corrupt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are videos sent from Android to iPhone's and vice versa always blurry amd corrupt?

Depends, what are you using? If your texting it using the built in app over SMS, that’s the reason why. SMS is a messaging service that is very old and can only send pictures by compressing them to an almost laughable state. I would recommend uploading them to google drive and then giving the recipient the shared link, or just share the file directly to them. Hope this helps. If you have any other phone tech questions, reach out to me.


Question: When you burn a candle and the wax slowly disappears, where does it go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you burn a candle and the wax slowly disappears, where does it go?

The wax burns, and in so doing it becomes mostly water vapor and carbon dioxide. The wick doesn't contribute much to the flame directly as fuel, but rather serves as a catalyst to allow the flame to sustain itself.


Question: How does our sleeping body know when it's time to wake up and how does it do it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does our sleeping body know when it's time to wake up and how does it do it?

We have an internal biological clock called our circadian rhythm. Or circadian cycle. Essentially at certain times of the day a part of our brain starts to secrete Melatonin, a chemical that bonds to parts of the Brain and makes us feel that “sleepy” feeling. And then several hours later, that gland in our brains stop secreting melatonin, signaling your body to wake up. This schedule isn’t set in stone and can actually be altered by new or irregular sleep patterns (which is why if you wake up for work at 7am, you might find yourself to naturally wake up around then without your alarm) For how this rhythm keeps its time schedule, the theory is that it reacts to light changes (like the setting sun). Which is why people say the blue light released from so many electronics messes up our sleep because we aren’t getting that natural change in light.


Question: Can a grave explosion actually make one fly away “as we see in movies” ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can a grave explosion actually make one fly away “as we see in movies” ?

Explosions can definitely launch people. Problem is they also launch *everything* and people close enough to a blast to get thrown back are typically torn apart by shrapnel and/or grievously wounded by the pressure wave blowing out eardrums and collapsing organs.


Question: Why did it take the entirety of human history to even figure out how electricity works, but then only 200 years to get to where we are now?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did it take the entirety of human history to even figure out how electricity works, but then only 200 years to get to where we are now?

So I think where you want to look is the age of Enlightenment as the beginning of the rapid development of change. A big part of what drove scientific progress was the printing press, being able to reliably pass information across time and space helped the spread of ideas and as ideas spread and people could recreate others experiments aha now we are on to something. What prevented that from happening sooner the Church, and the Roman Catholic church had a stranglehold on society because of the Black Death. Something similar had happened in China before it happened in the west. An industrial revolution had taken place with mass produced goods like clothing and pottery and arms and so on. Before the Industrial Revolution population growth was constrained by food production. Giving people time away from figuring out where their next meal is coming from unleashed humanities potential for creating the word you see around you today.


Question: In music what's the difference between 4/4, 5/4, 5/8, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In music what's the difference between 4/4, 5/4, 5/8, etc?

To help keep your place in music, it is divided up into segments called "measures". A time signature (4/4, 3/4, etc) is telling you how many beats are divided up per measure and what kind of notes get the beat. For example, if you're in 4/4, the first number tells you there are 4 beats per measure and the second number tells you that a quarter note (1/4) gets the beat, totalling 4 quarter notes. In the case of 6/8 time, you would have 6 beats per measure and an eighth note (1/8) would get the beat, totalling 6 eighth notes per measure.


Question: What are tennis players looking for when they are choosing a ball for their serve?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are tennis players looking for when they are choosing a ball for their serve?

Fuzz. They are looking for the fuzzyest and the least fuzzy. The least fuzzy is for the first serve where you're going for speed and the less fuzz there is the faster it will go through the air. For the second serve they're not going hell for leather (too much risk of a double fault) and so you serve slower and try and get as much topspin on it as possible. More fuzz=more topspin


Question: What does "pennies on the dollar mean"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does "pennies on the dollar mean"?

The dollar is the price that you would expect, while pennies are the price that you're getting. So if I had a $2000 TV for sale for only like $100, you could say "I'm buying this TV for pennies on the dollar!" Because it's worth $2000 and you're only paying $100, you're basically only paying 5 cents for every dollar it originally cost - and 5 cents is just a few pennies. It's most often used in terms of big numbers like debt or comparisons of prices between companies. "Because we have a special deal with a manufacturer, we can provide this awesome product for only pennies on the dollar!" Meaning that whatever price is normal or expected, they're offering a price that's much lower.


Question: why does broccoli lose bitterness when it's steamed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does broccoli lose bitterness when it's steamed?

Bitterness is counteracted by sugar, and when plants are heated they release sugar. The sugar overtakes the bitterness and the broccoli is less bitter.


Question: Why is 2.4Ghz Wifi NOT hard-limited to channels 1, 6 and 11? Wifi interference from overlapping adjacent channels is worse than same channel interference. Channels 1, 6, and 11 are the only ones that don't overlap with each other. Shouldn't all modems be only allowed to use 1, 6 or 11?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is 2.4Ghz Wifi NOT hard-limited to channels 1, 6 and 11? Wifi interference from overlapping adjacent channels is worse than same channel interference. Channels 1, 6, and 11 are the only ones that don't overlap with each other. Shouldn't all modems be only allowed to use 1, 6 or 11?

WiFi is not the only technology using the 2.4GHz ISM band. It shares it with Bluetooth, microwaves, radars and a load of other consumer electronics such as garage port openers, two way radios, remote light switches, weather stations, etc. So it may not be that the three channels are the best ones for a specific environment. For example if you have a weather station that happens to send its date back to the receiver on channel 8 then it may disrupt channel 6 and 11 but leave channel 5 and 1 open to be used by two networks. And you can not force everyone to use the same channels regardless of technology because the different radios have different bandwidth and therefore different channel spacings. The weather station might have chosen a frequency close to channel 8 because that would allow them to have four different weather stations work in the same area without disrupting each other given a bit closer channel spacing then WiFi.


Question: why do people (in general) become less tolerant to noise (clubs, crowds, kids, etc) as we grow old?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do people (in general) become less tolerant to noise (clubs, crowds, kids, etc) as we grow old?

I have a theory: 1. Hearing loss occurs in specific frequencies. 2. Brain compensates withneuroplasticity, rewires pathways by increasing linkages to expand or speed up anything related to audio pattern recognition to return to as close to a "normal" response speed as it can. 3. Loud noises and unwanted sounds stimulate these compensationaly-increased pathways, but since the brain is not rewarded with any recognizable pattern, the magnified stimulation is proportionately annoying. 4. This ultimately leads to a conditioned response of hypersensitivity to noise.


Question: why can't pregnant women donate blood?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why can't pregnant women donate blood?

It's potentially bad for the baby. When you are growing a person inside of you you need all of that iron and nutrients jn the blood to support that growing fetus.


Question: Why is gold so valuable? (Financially)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is gold so valuable? (Financially)

Because it‘s rare, not consumed like oil (it’s not losing its properties) and because there is no huge amount mined every year so the price is kind of stable.


Question: How can water be used to cut steel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can water be used to cut steel?

Waterjet cutters can produce a narrow jet of water in excess of 100,000 psi. At those speeds the water is practically a solid that slices straight through the material being cut, much like a conventional saw.


Question: What does a rape kit actually consist of and how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does a rape kit actually consist of and how does it work?

Almost anything that can be related to the rape will be put in a rape kit. Foreign DNA found, photos of injuries, clothing worn, details that were described, swabs from the victim, and a yeah.


Question: To move from 0 to 1 second. Time must pass through 0.1 seconds, 0.11, 0.111, 0.1111 and so on to infinity. So how does it ever actually pass infinity to reach 1?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 To move from 0 to 1 second. Time must pass through 0.1 seconds, 0.11, 0.111, 0.1111 and so on to infinity. So how does it ever actually pass infinity to reach 1?

This is one of zeno’s paradoxes (sort of)! Like you, he didn’t understand how can anything change if it can be infinitely divided. The answer came in the form of math almost two thousand years later with infinite series. The simplified answer is that just because there are *inifinite steps* to take, doesn’t mean you have to *pass infinity*. At some point the steps become so small that they hardly change the sum at all. This might be easier to understand using another example by Zeno : imagine you have to walk in a 1km course. To finish it, you must pass the half mark, but first you must pass the quarter mark, and so on and so on. You can keep halving the distance inifinitely. But eventually the distances become so small they are smaller than even the radius of an atom. Just because there are infinitely many little pieces doesn’t mean you can pass them. We can actually calculate that sum and show that 0.5+0.25+0.125+... on and on infinite times= exactly 1. Further reading [here]( URL_0 )


Question: Why is Mexico not as developed as the USA or Canada?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Mexico not as developed as the USA or Canada?

Colonization by the Spanish was a very different thing that colonization by the British, and not just the language angle. British colonies in the 17^th and 18^th centuries were constructed and managed as "British civilization". They were run with the expectation that they would be very British-like. Spanish colonies were not managed, they were seen as a source of resources, not a source of "more space to be Spanish".


Question: When you eat something and you get diarrhea immediately after, do you digest the calories in the food or is it pooped out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you eat something and you get diarrhea immediately after, do you digest the calories in the food or is it pooped out?

If you get diarrhoea immediately after, it’s probably from the previous meal. The body doesn’t want you getting poisoned, and the first line of defence is throwing up what you just ate. If the bacteria or amoeba have gotten into your intestines then the body tries to expel the food asap with a lot of water to help it on its way out; this is your diarrhoea. Since some of the food is partially digested already, you do get some calories from it.


Question: Why is drinking 14 drinks in one day worse than drinking 2 each day over the course of a week?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is drinking 14 drinks in one day worse than drinking 2 each day over the course of a week?

Because your liver can only process so much alcohol in a given amount of time. If you drink more than that, then it stays in your bloodstream, being a toxic chemical, making you drunk, and if in high enough concentrations, causing alcohol poisoning.


Question: What are the differences between QLED, UHD, OLED, HD, LED etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the differences between QLED, UHD, OLED, HD, LED etc?

HD and UHD are resolutions. HD is high definition at 1280x720p, UHD is ultra hd at 3840x2160p. The other terms are names of technologies for the panel creation of monitors/tvs. A different technology means that 1 pixel (1x1 resolution) is created in X way and every technology has its own explanation as to how it is created, how it works, pros and cons, etc. Lets take OLED. The brightness of the pixels of OLED panels comes from every pixel by itself, thus black color can be reproduced by just turning off the pixels where the black is. LED has a backlight which is on constantly, even for black pixels and that is why even though the screen might be black, when its dark, ypu can see the screen glowing. On an OLED, a fully black screen wont be glowing in the dark.


Question: If a meteor large enough was on collision course for Earth, what could we realistically do to stop it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a meteor large enough was on collision course for Earth, what could we realistically do to stop it?

Depends how much further notice we have, and how dedicated we as a species can devote our time and effort to this. I would like to think that we would all settle our differences to stop this threat, perhaps seeking guidance from the United Nations, or putting the operation in the hands of competent nations (e.g. rich nations). Perhaps we would have competitive effort, as seen when rescuing the Chilean miners a few years ago. Either way, if we assume that we can put maximum effort into stopping this threat, there are a few possible, albeit untested, ways that we could. If we had plenty of time, we could use a gravity tractor, which is a fancy name for a spaceship floating itself off the side of an asteroid (off the surface). The small gravity of the spaceship would be enough to deviate the course of the asteroid ever so slightly to miss Earth. The problem is that you need lots of advance notice, and unfortunately NASA's relatively small budget is not sufficient for detecting many of these hazardous objects until they are weeks or even days from striking. You would need months or years to accomplish this. You could get a solar sail and attach it to the surface of the asteroid. The solar wind from the Sun would slowly but surely blow the asteroid off its collision course. This requires lots of advance notice though. You could also plant a (relatively) small explosive on the side of the asteroid to blow it off course. It must not be too large or it would throw lots of small rocks toward Earth, which would be bad. This would require less advance notice but it is a bit more risky. Nuking the asteroid would be a bad idea. You would just have a bunch of tiny asteroid fragments hitting Earth all over the place, which would be bad.


Question: How is the protein content and other nutrients in food calculated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the protein content and other nutrients in food calculated?

Various techniques - most of which are carried out in a laboratory. Protein is calculated by analysing total nitrogen content; fat is calculated by either solvent absorption or NMR; inorganic matter by combustion and dry ash analysis; etc etc. There are techniques for each nutrient. There is also a database that is available which contains nutritional information for foods previously tested, which can be used to calculate the overall content of a prepared meal.


Question: How do NFL/American Football coaches coach using their headsets?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do NFL/American Football coaches coach using their headsets?

One player on offense (always the QB) and one player on the defense has a headset. When there are 15 seconds left in the clock to snap the ball, or when the ball is snapped, the headset is turned off, so they don't work in the middle of plays, only between plays. And the coach is talking to other coaching staff as well.


Question: Why does insulin have to be given as an injection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does insulin have to be given as an injection?

The stomach acid would destroy the drug and it wouldn't be absorbed properly. Injection into the body directly bypasses that destructive process and keeps it intact.


Question: Why would decreasing the temperature of a gas in a syringe make the volume decrease?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would decreasing the temperature of a gas in a syringe make the volume decrease?

Temperature is just a measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the molecules in a gas. If you decrease the temperature, that means they're moving slower. If they're moving slower, then they're running into the walls of the syringe less often AND slower. This means they're pushing less hard on the sides of the syringe. The outside air pressure is still pushing in equally hard, but the inside gas pushing out is less, so the outside air wins, and pushes inward. This is the volume decreasing.


Question: Why did electronic toys in the 90's and early 2000's specifically warn not to use rechargable batteries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did electronic toys in the 90's and early 2000's specifically warn not to use rechargable batteries?

Ni-Cd rechargeables output less voltage (1.2V vs. 1.5V) so certain devices that require a certain voltage would not run properly on those batteries.


Question: How is the US's economy set up so that people can make billions of dollars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the US's economy set up so that people can make billions of dollars?

If you create a product or a service that a lot of people are willing to pay for, you are free to provide it to them. I'm not sure what exactly you mean it's the same as every other economy that respects personal property. France Germany etc has their share of billionaires


Question: do fish need to drink water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 do fish need to drink water?

*Kind of* it depends on the type of fish, all fish need water, but what you and i define as drinking is a bit different then what a fish might do. Fishes take in water through osmosis, basically through their skin and gills, while going about thier fishy lives. Salt water fish however, need to take in, or "drink" more water than Fresh water fish, due to the way their bodies hold salt. Although i imagine its not much of a thought process since theyre swimming in the stuff. The aptly named [McGill Science website has a short and easy to follow article on fishes drinking habits ]( URL_0 .) Id recommend giving it a read. TL;DR Fish need water, most get what they need through their skin and gills, while some need to put a little more effort in and gulp that sweet H2O.


Question: What decides whether you're interested in something or not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What decides whether you're interested in something or not?

I guess there can be many factors. Some simple things such as what you saw as a child could affect it. For instance when you were 5 (no pun intended) and you see your father (if youre a guy you will usualy follow your father's doing) eating a burger and realy enjoying it you could end up loving burgers. This is a psychological point of view. For a biological point of view, to put it simply, it is the release of different kind of hormones when you are performing an action or seeing something. An example of something that takes that into consideration are drugs. They release these hormones and that is why you are happy doing what you are doing and therfore you are interested or like it. Hope that made sense :D


Question: Why is it easier to shoot at people under you in games?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier to shoot at people under you in games?

Insert "i have the high ground" meme. Its not only in games, highround has the vision advantage.


Question: How will the US economy not completely collapse with everything being shut down?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How will the US economy not completely collapse with everything being shut down?

Big business will get bailouts. Small businesses will eat their savings, and go bankrupt. But since governments do not care about small businesses, they view it as success because it clears the path for big business to take over. Since big business is too big to fail, or at least too big to let fail. As in big enough for a bailout. That is partially a cynical joke, but thats how it works. But no one knows what is going to happen. No amount if bailout will save a company if the economy around it is in shambles, or it's suppliers and contractors have failed. Now you shouldn't just think about US economy, you also have consider economy of your trading partners. You can bail out a factory, but if no one is buying the product then that hardly matters.


Question: What happens to make an entire night pass in the blink of an eye?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to make an entire night pass in the blink of an eye?

Others are coming with correct responses but are not actually getting to the core of what your asking. When you get enough sleep, you feel as though time has passed, because part of getting enough REM sleep cycles per night, your brain will records some fragments of memories and/or dreams. That's why you sometimes remember parts of a dream, or have an instinct to know that you were rolling around. Usually not with a high detail, but enough for your brain to at least keep track of time passing. If you fall asleep and feel like you woke up a moment later, but hours DID in fact pass, it's a sign that you're probably not getting a deep enough / long enough sleep for your brain to do the multiple REM cycles it needs each night. You might be getting zero or one REM cycle in max before you're woken up.


Question: who is it that slower speed limits increase crash rates? What causes everyone to crash more often

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 who is it that slower speed limits increase crash rates? What causes everyone to crash more often

When people are used to drive the local road at 100, they drive 100 no matter what the new signs say. Then there are people that adapt and start driving 60. Often the ”100s” will get aggressive, dangerous overtakes, tailgating etc. this often leads to more accidents


Question: As babies we learn to drink from a bottle while lying down, but as adults we easily choke on a small sip of water. At what point do we lose the ability to drink while lying down?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 As babies we learn to drink from a bottle while lying down, but as adults we easily choke on a small sip of water. At what point do we lose the ability to drink while lying down?

Drinking from a hole in the nipple where the stream and amount of liquid is regulated is much easier than drinking sips/gulps of water while lying down. When you drink water lying down, you are increasing the chance of aspirating water into your lungs, which increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia (serious for the elderly). Other risk factors are having the water go into your sinuses or Eustachian tube. Source: RN who works closely with speech therapists and swallow studies for patients with dysphagia.


Question: Why aren’t meteorites the most valuable objects/minerals on the planet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren’t meteorites the most valuable objects/minerals on the planet?

You nailed it. Most meteorites are composed of very common elements found abundantly on earth.


Question: How do life insurers make a profit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do life insurers make a profit?

They invest the money you give them and earn interest on it. And they don't always pay out so they keep that money too.


Question: Shoemaker Levy left burn marks the size of the Earth on Jupiter's surface for months. How is this possible if Jupiter has no surface?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Shoemaker Levy left burn marks the size of the Earth on Jupiter's surface for months. How is this possible if Jupiter has no surface?

It left huge marks on the clouds that make up the atmosphere of Jupiter not the surface. A impact is a collision with a object and it might only be the atmosphere. The [Chelyabinsk meteor]( URL_0 ) that exploded over Russia in 2013 and was captured on a log of camera is a meteor impact on earth but not a impact on the surface on earth. The high pressure generated when a high speed object hit the atmosphere can have the result they blow up before they hit anything solid. So the same way as clouds and storm in out atmosphere can exist and keep the general shape the same can happen on Jupiter. The [Great\_Red\_Spot]( URL_1 ) is a persistent high pressure system in Jupiter that have existed for certainly since 1830 and even observation since the first back in 1665 have some observation but with long gaps in time so it have existed for more then 189 years or even more then 350 years. It might have existed even for longer but the telescope was not invented so there is not observation. So large disturbances like meteor impact can leave changes in the atmosphere that is visible for months.


Question: How video game cutscenes change the look of the character during the cutscene according to characters custom appearance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How video game cutscenes change the look of the character during the cutscene according to characters custom appearance?

Those kind of scenes are in-engine/game scenes, as opposed to being pre-rendered. It moves the camera and controls your or other characters to make the scene play out. They have other kinds of tricks and stuff they can use, but that’s the main part. So that allows them to use whatever character model you have at the time.


Question: How come some smells are pleasant/unpleasant?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come some smells are pleasant/unpleasant?

Survival. If you think of all the unpleasant smells, they are normally associated with things you do not want to eat. For example rotten meat, if the smell wasn't bad we would be tempted to eat it and could become sick. It's our bodies way of saying "don't put that in your mouth" :)


Question: How do copyright laws work for the Bible and other religious texts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do copyright laws work for the Bible and other religious texts?

The original Bible (the Old Testament in Hebrew and Aramaic and the New Testament in Koine Greek) is way too old to be copyrighted. Copyright only lasts until 70 years after the author's death. Many translations of the Bible, like the King James Bible, are also not copyrighted for the same reason. In the case of books that are not copyrighted, anyone in the world can print some copies and sell them- the person or company that prints them is the one that gets the money. Newer translations, like the NIV, can still fall under copyright. In that case, the person or company that does the translation owns the copyright.


Question: Why does (facial) skin require so much more care than the rest of our body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does (facial) skin require so much more care than the rest of our body?

It's exposed to the elements everyday, unlike the rest of your body. It's not covered by clothing. It also expresses more so it's prone to more wrinkles. If you start obsessive skincare routines in your 20's by using moisturizers, sunscreen and a hat and don't let your face touch the sun, your 50 yo skin will thank you. For exfoliating I like the Japanese blades by sheidedo. you can only use it maybe once per month since it's pretty extreme.


Question: How do brass doorknobs disinfect themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do brass doorknobs disinfect themselves?

Brass is a copper alloy. Copper is electro conductive. As electrons move around, they interfere with microbes functioning. Copper IUDs work similarly, "zapping" sperm. Edit: a quick Google search says sweat from hands can corrode the surface metal in as little as an hour, rendering the antibacterial effect null. You still gotta clean them.


Question: How mitochondria has stayed in our cells even after millions of years of reproduction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How mitochondria has stayed in our cells even after millions of years of reproduction?

There is a lot of integration between mitochondria and cell, but as far as I know part of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are now located in the main nucleus, while some other genes are located in mitochondria own circular DNA. So mitochondria can't survive or reproduce outside eukaryotic cell.


Question: Why is it that all the blockbusters have gone out of business, but adult video stores are still around?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that all the blockbusters have gone out of business, but adult video stores are still around?

Adult 'video' stores don't just sell videos, they frequently also sell sex toys, lubes & fetishwear. Many of the ones around here also sell bongs & pipes. On top of that, they often have "video rooms" in the back where people do... "stuff".


Question: What is impedance and ohms and why is it so important to audio?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is impedance and ohms and why is it so important to audio?

Ohms are the unit of measurement of electrical resistance. Impedance is the resistance of a circuit independent of it electrical source, both in terms of static (Think DC voltage) current and Dynamic (think audio signal) current. & #x200B; How it relates to audio is in terms of power transfer. If you want to have the maximum amount of power transfer to your speakers (typically what you're trying to match in terms of impedance), you want the source impedance to match the load resistance (your speakers)


Question: How my Phone knows when im using the knuckles instead of fingers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How my Phone knows when im using the knuckles instead of fingers?

This is speculation, since I can't find any 'how this works' detail from a bunch of googling: When you touch the screen with a fingertip, it's 'squishier' than touching it with a knuckle. There's more surface area in contact with it, and it doesn't bump the phone as suddenly. So the phone (probably) tells the difference between them by seeing how hard it's been bumped, and how quick the contact was. It might be possible to 'fool' the detection by tapping quickly with a small part of your fingertip. It's powered by [FingerSense]( URL_0 ) - software by a company called Qeexo. They're pretty light on actual details, but since they insist it uses Machine Learning and it's software-only (no fancy stuff added to the phone to make it work), then that leads me to assume they're just taking information from the screen + gyro/accelerometer built into the phone already.


Question: How did this person make $2.6M in one day from GameStop stocks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did this person make $2.6M in one day from GameStop stocks?

Here's the ELI5: Gamestop wasn't doing well. A lot of gigantic investors made a whole bunch of short sales. That's where you sell a stock you don't actually own; you're hoping the price goes down between when you sell it and when you have to buy it to fill it. In fact, they sold sp many of those that they sold more than were easily available to buy. So, everyone at WSB bought all the shares they could, knowing that day was coming when the giant institutional investors would have to buy the shares no matter the price to fill their shorts. Since they *have to* buy, you could name your price. The stock shot up by 50% when that day hit, which was today.


Question: Please explain some grammatical terms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Please explain some grammatical terms?

Compound tense - a verb phrase that expresses more complex time than a simple present/perfect tense. *I go* is a simple present verb tense. *I have gone* is a compound tense. Auxiliary verb - in compound tense verb phrases described above, they change the duration or manner in which an action occurs. In English they include the various forms of *be, did, have* when combined with an action verb. Compare the sentences *John goes to the store* and *John has gone to the store.* "Has" is the aux verb. Adverb - changes the manner of the action. In English they often end in -ly. *Lisa put on her shoes clumsily.* "Clumsily" is the adverb. Clauses - the basic unit smaller than a sentence, essentially a phrase containing a noun and a verb. In the sentence *Lisa went to the store because she wanted bagels* there are two clauses: a main clause *Lisa went to the store* and a subordinate clause *because she wanted bagels*, each containing a noun (*Lisa/she*) and a verb (*went/wanted*).


Question: why is PEMDAS in that order?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is PEMDAS in that order?

Parentheses are pretty much obliged to go first, as they signify "the following section isn't in the normal order". AS and MD go together because they're essentially the same operation - subtraction is just addition of a negative number, and division is just multiplication by a reciprocal. As for the order as a whole, they're in that order because, essentially, it minimises the number of brackets when writing polynomials - i.e. expressions of the form ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d. These things are all over the place in maths, and we can write them completely without brackets thanks to PEMDAS. If we had some other order, like, for instance, PASEMD, the above expression would have to be written as (ax^(3)) + (bx^(2)) + (cx) + d, or if we were using PMDEAS, it'd be a(x^(3)) + b(x^(2)) + cx + d. PEMDAS also captures the nature of the distributive properties of exponentiation and multiplication. Under, PEMDAS, we can write a(b+c) = ab+ac and (ab)^c = a^(c)b^(c). This is another way in which PEMDAS helps to minimise the number of brackets - any time we see an expression like a(b+c), we can expand it out into a form that takes no brackets. It's actually possibly to have a notation system that requires no brackets in any case and is always unambiguous, but they're a pain to read because the operators have to come before or after the operands - e.g. instead of writing 1 + 2, you'd write + 1 2 or 1 2 +. These are called Polish and reverse Polish notation.


Question: Can one infinity be larger than another?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can one infinity be larger than another?

So, without wanting to offend anyone here, there's a lot of bad (or at the very least: misleading) mathematics in this thread. I'm a Mathematician, I hope you can make something of my answer: **Great question!** You are onto something that mathematicians have struggled with for quite some time. But nowadays, we have come up with a definite answer that is widely recognized as correct and taught at every university in the world (that is, in mathematics...). To answer your title question: Yes. But before we do that, let's look about what we, in general, call "larger than another". When talking about infinity, the first thing you need to understand that you are not talking about a *number*, but a *size of a group of objects (= also known as "size of a set")*. This is called "cardinality", which is just a fancy word for "size". If you have two sets (of numbers, for example, but it doesn't have to be numbers. It can be people, or animals, or words, or thoughts...), you can look at their size. One (naive) way of doing this would be simply counting the number of objects in the set. This works fine for sets that are only finitely big. But there are bigger things than finite sets, there are infinite sets. Would you all call them "infinitely large" and call it a day? Naaah, that's not interesting, is it? So back in the good old days, mathematicians asked themselves: How can we reasonably define the size of sets, so the definition does not only work for sets of any shape or form (finite or any kind of infinity), but also behaves as expected when you only look at finite sets? After all, we want the term "size" (= cardinality) to have a meaning in everyday real-world application. We don't want the meaning to get lost when extending the term to infinities. So here's what they came up with: Two sets have the same size ("have the same cardinality") if you can come up with a strategy to pair each object of the first set to exactly one object of the second set, so in the end no object is alone and no object is in two pairs. Let's make an example: If you have the set with the letters A, B, C, and another set with the numbers 2, 4, 6. Then we can pair A with 2, B with 4 and C with 6. So these sets are the same size. On the other hand, A, B, C, D, E and 2, 4, 8 are not the same size because no matter how hard you try, 2 objects from the first set will always find no partner in the second set. Remember how I said "come up with a strategy". This means: "You don't actually have to write this out, it's enough if you can describe the strategy". For instance: Take all even numbers, 2, 4, 6, 8 and so on. Then take all whole numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8... These two sets are the same size, because I can match 1 with 2, 2 4, 3 with 6, and so on. Sure, "I'm using up the numbers in the first set faster". But if you ask me for any number, that number will have a clearly designated partner. 64? That's just paired with 32. 1 million is paired with 500 000. So these sets, despite *appearing* to be different in size, are the same size. Let's take it one step further: You can match the whole numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... to the fractions. This matching "algorithm" is a lot more complicated, I think you can find a picture on google, but for now we'll be happy with knowing that it works. So the rational numbers (= fancy name for fractions) are the same size as the whole numbers! Let's take it one more step further and watch the world burn: You cannot match the whole numbers to the real numbers (= all numbers on the number line, including 1, pi and everything else you can think of). It's not possible. A mathematician named Cantor famously proved that no matter how hard you try in giving a strategy, it's always possible to find a real number that is not covered by your strategy. (Even worse: By writing down the strategy, you automatically imply what the counter example that is not covered by the strategy is going to be... That's how we know that no strategy can work.) But: Both sets are infinite. Whole numbers are infinite. Real numbers are infinite. Real numbers are a bigger set. So we have found two different sizes of infinity. (Fun fact: There's an infinite amount of sizes of infinity...) We call the size of whole numbers (because they are sometimes referred to as "counting numbers") "countably infinite". In general, sets that are this large don't cause mathematicians lots of head aches, as they act in very predictable ways and follow most of the rules we already observe in finite sets. We call the size of real numbers (because they are bigger than the countable size) "uncountably infinite". In general, sets that are this large *do* cause mathematicians lots of head aches, as they act in very unpredictable and counter-intuitive ways and they refuse to follow any rules. (That's not quite true, but we had to change the rules because the first thing the real numbers did after their size was discovered, was crash the entirety of then-modern mathematics.) --------------------- To your question, numbers between 1 and 2 and numbers between 1 and 3. Using the rules from above, I just have to give you a strategy to match them all to show you that they are the same size, so here it is: You give me some number x between 1 and 2. I subtract 1. I multiply by 2. I add 1. That's the pairing. For example, you give me 1.5 (which is between 1 and 2). 1.5 - 1 = 0.5 0.5 \* 2 = 1 1 + 1 = 2. So 1.5 is paired with 2. The number 1 would be paired with 1. The number 2 would be paired with 3. The square root of 2 would be paired with ((sqrt(2) - 1)\*2 ) + 1 Want to make sure that every number between 1 and 3 has a partner? Simply reverse the process: Subtract 1. Divide by 2. Add 1. For example: 3 is paired with 2. 1 is paired with 1. ((sqrt(2) - 1)\*2 ) + 1 is paired with sqrt(2). So I indeed have found a strategy that matches every number between 1 and 2 with a number between 1 and 3. So the sets are the same size. Fun fact: This works with any interval (= numbers between a and b) no matter how small, matched to the entirety of the real numbers. The strategy is going to be a bit more tricky, but trust me that there is one. I hope this is helpful, feel free to ask more questions.