Question: Why is it that blowing on a lit candle causes it to flicker but not go out, but a single puff of air is more effective at extinguishing the flame?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that blowing on a lit candle causes it to flicker but not go out, but a single puff of air is more effective at extinguishing the flame?

Because unlike a campfire that uses a solid object (wood), a candle actually only burns the wax while it is in the gas state. When you blow out a candle, immediately after it is extinguished you’ll see a small trail of ‘smoke’. This tiny trail is not actually smoke, it’s wax vapour. This vapour is also the reason why a candle can be relit using a lit match that doesn’t touch the wick. (Seriously, go try it) When you blow a puff, you remove the vapour (fuel) flowing up into the flame. A soft blow still allows the wax vapour to feed the flame, hence it flickers or dances in a breeze.


Question: If the Sahara desert used to be a jungle. Is there fossil fuels here? if not why

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the Sahara desert used to be a jungle. Is there fossil fuels here? if not why

Having a bunch of vegetation in the past isn't enough. You need to 1) have a bunch of vegetation, 2) that gets buried and sealed in before it rots, 3) with a porous rock that can hold the oil, 4) with a sealed rock above that that can trap it. If any one of those things doesn't happen, you don't get an oil reservoir that we can actually recover fuel from. All that said, the Sahara has a ton of deposited limestone and other sedimentary rock so...maybe?


Question: How are bats able to fly in "swarms"? How are they able to differentiate their eco-location signals / sound from those produced by other bats? Don't they get confused by lots of other bats screaming to see their surroundings?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are bats able to fly in "swarms"? How are they able to differentiate their eco-location signals / sound from those produced by other bats? Don't they get confused by lots of other bats screaming to see their surroundings?

They can tell their own calls from those of others. Just as humans have sophisticated software for recognizing faces, it makes sense to assume bats have similar for recognizing calls. I remember reading about some tests they did. If they play recordings of other bats they can navigate no problem. If they play a bat a recording of it's own calls it does have trouble navigating.


Question: If illegal immigrants in the United States have constitutional rights, can they also bear arms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If illegal immigrants in the United States have constitutional rights, can they also bear arms?

When you're reading the constitution, if it says citizen, then you have to be a citizen to have that right. If it says person, then any human within the jurisdiction of the US has that right whether here legally or not. So, like the 5th and 14th amendments specify person, so they apply.


Question: why do people get sleepy from 2-5PM but wide awake from 2-5AM sometimes? Why isn’t it the opposite always?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do people get sleepy from 2-5PM but wide awake from 2-5AM sometimes? Why isn’t it the opposite always?

When you eat, your body has to do work to digest the food. This is why you sometimes feel tired after lunch. Most people don't eat in the middle of the night, so this isn't going to be a problem then, but when it's dark and quiet, lots of people get worried about things that they are too distracted to think about in the daytime, so they feel awake thinking about them because worry makes you alert to look out for danger.


Question: What happens if poison expires?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens if poison expires?

All compounds have a half life (expiration) in which their full efficacy (effectiveness) is diminished by a certain percentage. So depending on the compound, it could still kill, or it could just make the victim very sick.


Question: Itemized taxes. When would somebody do this, why, and how?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Itemized taxes. When would somebody do this, why, and how?

The standard deduction is designed to allow people who don't have a lot of deductions to avoid all the paperwork and time required to itemize. Especially for young people who don't pay a lot of state and local taxes, usually rent, and don't often make large charitable deductions (or have high medical expenses) it usually works out to a pretty good deal (the standard deduction will exceed their items) and they save time. For most income earners, once they get a mortgage (especially in states with property or income taxes where it's easy to see how much tax was paid), the itemized deduction, will allow large reductions in their taxable income relative to the standard deduction.


Question: Why does some ice crack when you put in water but others not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does some ice crack when you put in water but others not?

Okay so full disclosure I am relaying to you an explanation that was told to me by someone who may or may not have been talking out of their ass, but here goes: When water freezes it forms a kind of crystaline structure. Imagine the molecules aligning in to a grid. Now if the water is very pure, the grid will be straight and strong. If the water is less pure, say it has dust in it, the grid becomes less strong because it has to form around the impurities. When ice is put in to a warm enviroment, the molecules start to move around and the grid starts to slowly fall apart. If the grid is strong and uniform, no one part of the grid is taking a larger amount of stress than any other part. If the grid is less pure, less uniform, that causes parts of the grid to act like keystones, when they break they cause a chain reaction that causes a larger crack. Tl;dr: Ice cracking has to do with impurities in the water.


Question: Is there such thing as a dry liquid? (My 8yr old asked me this and Google is not helping)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there such thing as a dry liquid? (My 8yr old asked me this and Google is not helping)

In chemistry liquids without water in them are referred to as dry. Liquid metals are not "wet" either (they do not leave moisture behind, nor contain moisture) same with liquid rock (magma/lava)


Question: Do we know the number of atoms in the observable universe?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do we know the number of atoms in the observable universe?

> We haven't yet observed all of the universe but we mean the whole universe when we say observable universe. No, we just mean the universe which can be observed in the sense of there having been time for light to have arrived to Earth. The universe as a whole is larger than that (from what we can see) but since light doesn't move infinitely fast and the universe hasn't been the way it is forever, there is a distance beyond which we cannot see. > Do we know the number of atoms? We can estimate it. It is between 10 to the 78 and 10 to the 82 power.


Question: When you try to load a page, and it loads right as you press refresh, what happens there?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you try to load a page, and it loads right as you press refresh, what happens there?

It's not always coincidence! Sometimes when you see a part of the website flash just as you reload it's because the browser momentarily displays whatever it had already loaded, up until the point you hit refresh it was waiting for some data the website was supposed to provide but never did, so when you hit refresh this is aborted and the browser displays whatever it already has loaded, many times this is actually enough to make the website appear complete but maybe some functionality wasn't loaded yet.


Question: - why is there "good" pain (like rubbing a sore muscle), and "bad" pain? Why do they feel different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - why is there "good" pain (like rubbing a sore muscle), and "bad" pain? Why do they feel different?

Acetylcholine and dopamine are involved and released in "pleasure pain." (Massages et al.) But I can't ELI5 it.


Question: Why is it a common for eyewitnesses to mistake a lone gunman as multiple shooters?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it a common for eyewitnesses to mistake a lone gunman as multiple shooters?

Lets say theres a convention center, packed to the brim. Lone gunman comes in, starts shooting the place up. For the initial disarray, nobody has any clue whats going on, besides that theres gunfire. Fight or flight is triggered; with nothing to fight, only flight. After the initial fleeing, and the shooter starts walking around to look for hiders or chase the fleeing, people are still in an adrenaline fueled frenzy. They may mistake one person doubling back in this state as a different one, because their mind is shouting "SURVIVE, GODDAMNIT", and not "Wait, is that the same sized figure in the same clothes?". The stress of the situation means they can't fully think with rational logic, and likely won't be able to until the shooting is over and they can begin to calm down. Tldr; Its stressful and their brain is pumped full of chemicals telling them that recognizing and differentiating shooter(s) is not as important as staying alive immediately.


Question: How are laws against monopolies actually enforced? Is it a company's fault if they just simply have an uncompetable business model?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are laws against monopolies actually enforced? Is it a company's fault if they just simply have an uncompetable business model?

Having a monopoly is not illegal. Creating a monopoly on the other hand is illegal and the government will try to prevent them if they think it will cause problems. Thats why you often hear of government needing to confirm large business mergers.


Question: How do you grow thick skin mentally? How does a brain not care about someone's opinion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you grow thick skin mentally? How does a brain not care about someone's opinion?

One thing that helps is experience, the first time someone expresses a negative opinion of someone, they have no idea what's going to result, and they're bound to wonder about all the potential results. When it's happened many times before with either nothing occurring or something positive happening (like bonding with anyone else who had the negative opinion expressed about them), the event isn't going to be as stressful. Another thing that helps is feeling secure in your position. If someone knows that they are highly valued by others, they're not going to risk losing that relationship over a external complaints or opinions. Finally, making the realization that when you do something embarrassing, many of the people you think noticed probably didn't actually notice, or only care for a short period of time.


Question: Why are American and Australian Gas/Petrol octane levels so different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are American and Australian Gas/Petrol octane levels so different?

The most readily understood reason is that they are measuring different things. Europe and Australia use what's called RON - Research Octane Rating - for their number. In the US and Canada, the number is AKI - Anti-Knock Index. (There's also MON - Motor Octane Number.) AKI is the average of RON and MON. Essentially, they are completely different scales, kinda like metric v. imperial, but they both get called 'octane'.


Question: Why does it feel so much better when someone else uses one of those scalp massager things on your head compared to using one on yourself?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it feel so much better when someone else uses one of those scalp massager things on your head compared to using one on yourself?

It's expectation vs. reality mismatch. There have been studies done where humans operate a robotic arm and use it to tickle themselves. If the arm moves with absolute precision, the subject does not feel "tickled." If the robotic arm's movements are delayed by a couple of miliseconds, it tickles. The brain automatically models what it expects to happen. But you can't precisely map another person's actions - even if you agree on the pattern and timing, you'll likely be a few miliseconds out of sync. It's like "situational irony" in the body.


Question: Why is most plant life on Earth green?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is most plant life on Earth green?

The theory is chlorophyll evolved to be green to take the light left by purple bacteria on the ocean surface millions of years ago, then all the purple died out and green took over. Edit: I spent to long looking through my YouTube history to get the [link]( URL_0 ) where I learned this. Skip to 5:15 to hear what I said.


Question: Why is Tesla losing money on every car they make?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Tesla losing money on every car they make?

It's not so much that they're selling the cars below the cost to manufacture them. They're losing money because the amount they're spending on expansion and R & D is less than the profit they make from their sales.


Question: If the blood glucose level falls below the threshold while exercising, will the body instantly starts burning fat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the blood glucose level falls below the threshold while exercising, will the body instantly starts burning fat?

It won't start immediately, there's a delay b4 your organism sends the message & receives it where it counts. That's why people can faint from hypoglycemia + sudden effort


Question: Why haven't we created baby growth pods yet where we would implant the zygote into a artificial womb?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why haven't we created baby growth pods yet where we would implant the zygote into a artificial womb?

After the first IVF baby was born in the 70s, scientists and ethicists grappled with the question of how long it is appropriate to grow an embryo in the lab. Because past a certain point, you're definitely experimenting on a human person without their consent (and likely without the consent of the people who donated their eggs and sperm to create that human person). And while the technology is developing almost all of the experimental foetuses would die. But where that point is isn't clear; biologically speaking there isn't a clear line between "cells in a dish" and "actual viable human", it's a gradient. Somewhat arbitrarily they came up with the '14 day rule' which is a guideline in some places and a law in others: you can't continue to grow an embryo outside of a person's body for more than 14 days. This is a matter of some debate now though since surpassing the 14 day rule could give us a lot of experimental insights into pregnancy, and many developing pregnancies are lost past that point anyway. In theory we could do it but there are ethical questions with developing the technology.


Question: Stupidly, I replied to a text near a petrol bowser & was embarrassingly told off over the PA system to "GET OFF YOUR PHONE", in front of everybody. What're the actual concerns for using phones at service stations? (And how stupid was I?)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Stupidly, I replied to a text near a petrol bowser & was embarrassingly told off over the PA system to "GET OFF YOUR PHONE", in front of everybody. What're the actual concerns for using phones at service stations? (And how stupid was I?)

It's an urban myth that mobile phones can ignite gasoline vapor (it's actually static electricity, which doesn't come from a phone). It's complete bunk, and they're parroting misinformation. Just keep a good ole "fuck you" chambered when they say nonsense like that.


Question: Why do extended displays for computers require display port wires? Why not have them all regular HDMI?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do extended displays for computers require display port wires? Why not have them all regular HDMI?

Equipment manufacturers have to pay royalty fees to include HDMI ports in their equipment. Displayport has no such fees so they often use Diapkayport to save money. URL_0


Question: What would happen in the world if all debts that countries have would be forgiven?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen in the world if all debts that countries have would be forgiven?

I love the idea, but the thing is: somebody put their money into that debt. The money needs to come from somewhere. Granted, some of that money comes from other states/nations, so you could theoretically remove them equal worth from both the lender and the lending country. Unfortunately that isn’t really feasible due to different terms etc. But if we ignore all of that, it’s highly likely that post reset to zero governments soon will acru new debts. Just hopefully not so much. This due to money flow. The taxes etc are not always available when the government needs money, so they might need to get money temporary elsewhere. On the plus site, most governments pay interest over their debts (NL and Germany for instance don’t, they get money, they pay -0.5%). If you remove that, there will be money available to pay for other things. On a related note: That interest actually what scares me most, as a lot of nations increased their debt immensely during the 2008 crisis eg NL had 227 billion in 2001, 434 billion in 2013 and thats “hidden” because gross national product increased and the interest rates for the Netherlands are extremely low. I worry about the next crisis and/or increased interest rates. Anyway HTH.


Question: the Hubble Telescope - how does it take the high definition space pictures that people post all the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 the Hubble Telescope - how does it take the high definition space pictures that people post all the time?

Well the camera isn't particularly super amazing, or the optics super amazing at least compared to earth telescopes other than that it's designed to work in space. In space though you get some really really major benefits from not being in atmosphere. The downside of being on Earth is that air doesn't transmit light perfectly. Different temperatures of air moving around in particular wiggle light around. (Side note this is why stars twinkle). This makes long exposure photographs end up blurry. The amount of sharpness you can get from a photo depends on how well you can compensate for that. With Hubble you can take ridiculously long exposure photographs of dim things and be able to combine them together by referencing some brighter nearby star for aligning the multiple images, with essentially zero loss in sharpness. For example the total exposure time for the hubble deep field was 22 days.


Question: Why does a goldfish die when you transfer him form muddy water to clean water ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a goldfish die when you transfer him form muddy water to clean water ?

fish usually die because the chemistry of the water is significantly different. temperature, ph levels, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite levels, any other chemicals in the system. it's rarely a matter of mud vs clean.


Question: how/why does ambient noise (rain fall) help people fall asleep faster?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how/why does ambient noise (rain fall) help people fall asleep faster?

Should be noted that it doesn't help everyone fall asleep & is also not fully understood Sound like rainfall, waves crashing on a beach etc are non-threatening sounds at frequencies that soothe our brains & help them to relieve stress These sounds are continuous & or repetitive white noise so our brain can predict them & tune them out whereas if you have total silence then our brain cannot predict the next noise it will hear so becomes more alert/on guard in case of threat


Question: Down to the cellular, why does potassium stop your heart?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Down to the cellular, why does potassium stop your heart?

So, you know that muscles work because your nerves tell them to. Nerves conduct electricity, but it's not exactly the same kind of electricity that you get out of a battery. When the human body works with electricity, it's really working with ions. The main two players in nerve conduction and muscle movement are sodium and potassium. These ions move in and out of cells through specialized gates as they depolarize and repolarize, and the gradient caused by this motion is what conducts nerve signals and makes our muscles move. Too much potassium interferes with these gates, forcing them to stay depolarized. Since potassium and sodium can no longer effectively move in or out, the heart can't beat effectively.


Question: Why do anti particles destroy regular particles, and what make them different from other particles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do anti particles destroy regular particles, and what make them different from other particles?

First you need to think of anti matter(and matter) as waves more than as particles here. When you have 2 or more waves in the same 'place*' you can no longer consider them individually but instead need to look at them as one single wave that is the combination of the 2. This is just like how sound waves or water waves combine. Second you need to understand that all matter and anti matter have a few basic properties that make them what they are. These are things like electric charge, spin, and chirality. These numbers tell you all you need to know about what the particle is and therefore what their respective wavefunctions are. For now lets just look at charge. Anti matter has the unique property that these numbers are simply the opposite of its matter counter part. So for a particle of chare -1 its anti matter counter part has a charge of +1. This would be something like an electron and positron. So now lets combine a matter particle with its anti matter counter part. What we have is a new wave(particle) with a combined charge of 0. Our new wave cannot be an electron or positron since charge is conserved and is not present in the combined wave. So we must have something new and in this case a pair of photons is the most likely out come of this interaction. Anti particles annihilate matter particles because that is the only(likely) out come to a interaction involving said particles. *place in the everyday physical sense is misleading but close enough.


Question: What's the difference between the different varieties of gasoline, why do they exist, and who even buys anything other than regular and diesel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between the different varieties of gasoline, why do they exist, and who even buys anything other than regular and diesel?

The engine has to squish the mix of air and gasoline together before it makes it burn with the spark plug. But some engines reeeeeally squish it a lot (because they're trying to be more powerful), which can make the mixture burn on its own while the engine is still trying to squish it. This makes the engine break. So for these engines you have to make the gasoline harder to start burning. This 'how hard is it to burn' rating is the octane number on the pump, and the higher the number the harder to burn (and the more expensive to make it). Since new cars try to make the same power out of a smaller engine, a lot of them squish the mixture more by using a turbocharger (basically a fan that pushes in more air), which is why they need the more expensive gasoline. If your car doesn't require it, higher octane fuel just wastes money. It won't make your car more powerful.


Question: how does hawking radiation work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does hawking radiation work?

So in Quantum Field Theory, there is a concept of things called "virtual particles". These virtual particles form in matter and antimatter pairs, on such short time scales that they are definitionally unobservable, otherwise they wouldn't be virtual. At the edge of a black hole, some weird physics happens, and these virtual pairs can be split apart, where one falls into the black hole, and the other flies away in the form of a real particle. Except, we have to conserve energy when we have real particles, so it has to have drawn energy from somewhere, which ends up being the mass of the black hole. Of course this is horrifically oversimplified, and I only have a marginally better understanding, but this is a decent start.


Question: What causes "fear" of height?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes "fear" of height?

It is genetically programed into humans, as a fear of heights means you are less likely to be hurt or killed by falling.


Question: Why do you feel the cold less as a child compared to when you become an adult?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you feel the cold less as a child compared to when you become an adult?

I have several little children and I've noticed time and again that they don't seem as perceptive of their environment as adults are. I think they're still cold but their brain just doesn't register what the issue is. I've noticed this with hunger in my little children and various aches and pains. My youngest children don't seem to notice mosquito bites. I suspect that their developing brains can only process so much stimulus and when there's too much stimuli coming in to properly deal with the 'extra' stuff like body temperature gets filtered out.


Question: Why is it that our stomach expands when we take a deep breath but it is our lungs that are filling with air?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that our stomach expands when we take a deep breath but it is our lungs that are filling with air?

Our lungs are like sponges. They don't have muscles. Imagine you glue a sponge to your hand, and give it a squeeze. It won't open up until you open your hand up and give it room to expand! We have some muscles in between our ribs that help the chest expand, but the best way to make sure your lungs get enough room is to give them space by moving softer things out of the way. The diaphragm is a muscle below the lungs that also separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The abdominal cavity is filled with squishy organs that are used to moving around, so when the diaphragm pulls down towards the stomach, there's a lot less resistance than against the ribs. The squishy abdominal organs can just move out of the way and stretch your belly out when the diaphragm moves down, giving your lungs room.


Question: When it comes to bullet calibers what do the numbers indicate? E.g 7.62x39mm, 5.56x45mm, 9x19.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When it comes to bullet calibers what do the numbers indicate? E.g 7.62x39mm, 5.56x45mm, 9x19.

Example: 5.56x45mm 5.56 means the diameter of the bullet 45 means the length of the casing


Question: How is the NSA able to "hack" into someone's phone or computer device at any given time, but a hacker cannot? Does the NSA have special tools, or do companies allow them to get into peoples devices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the NSA able to "hack" into someone's phone or computer device at any given time, but a hacker cannot? Does the NSA have special tools, or do companies allow them to get into peoples devices?

> Does the NSA have special tools, or do companies allow them to get into peoples devices? It's a combination of both. The NSA develops its own tools and does intense research into applications to find their weak spots and take advantage of them. They also either ask or demand companies give them information about how to circumvent the security precautions on products like hardware and software. It's also likely inaccurate to assume the NSA can hack any specific item at *any time* and also that hackers *can't*.


Question: What is rent-seeking and how does it affect the economy on a local level and a national level?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is rent-seeking and how does it affect the economy on a local level and a national level?

Rent seeking is businesses or other entities like colleges getting legislation passed that benefits them without providing a corresponding public benefit or purpose. Example, funeral homes lobbying to prevent other businesses or manufacturers from retailing caskets. That prevents competition on price and limits the players in the game along with selection. Funeral homes sell it as a public safety thing while having no real reason for limiting casket sales from licensed funeral homes. In fact it is done simply to maintain the funeral home monopoly on sales of caskets.


Question: Why does the United States keep borrowing money from other countries when it's so deep in debt? Why do other countries continue to provide loans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the United States keep borrowing money from other countries when it's so deep in debt? Why do other countries continue to provide loans?

The US is constantly borrowing more money, but it's also paying back old loans on time and with the agreed interest. It's just taking out new loans faster than it's paying back the old ones. As a lender, you just care whether your loan gets paid back. You only care about the borrower's total debt to the extent that it makes you worry that they might not be able to pay back your loan.


Question: How does the moon produce waves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the moon produce waves?

I assume by waves you mean tidal waves, aka tides One of the universal forces in nature is the force of gravity. That is, objects with mass attract each other. This attraction is higher for objects with more mass, and lower for less. Simultaneous, this attraction is higher when the objects are closer to each other, but lower when they are far The moon has quite a lot of mass, not as much as earth, but the moon is the largest mass orbiting the earth. So the moon exerts a gravitational attraction, or pull, on the side of the earth facing the moon. This pull stretches the earth a bit, but the largest stretch we see is in fluids, so water in the oceans. This creates a tide facing the moon. But remember, the gravitational attraction is lower the farther you go. So the ocean/water on the far side of the earth, the side facing away from the moon, feels the least attraction from the moon towards the earth. So the stretch is highest near the moon, medium in the middle, and lowest on the other side of the earth, creating an oblong shape with two tides on the opposite sides of the earth (with the earth itself in the middle) There's also quite a bit more to it, but that'll require too much text, so I've linked a nice YouTube video explaining it here, URL_0


Question: how would a planet's orbit work in a binary star systems?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how would a planet's orbit work in a binary star systems?

There’s two likely scenarios: The planet orbits a close pair at a great distance, and thus they act like a single object for gravitational purposes. Or The planet closely orbits one star that has a more distant (and likely smaller) binary partner. In the close binary scenario they’d both rise and set together just like the famous Star Wars scene. In the far binary scenario the nearby star would dominate the day-night cycle and the more distant star would move like a planet in the sky over the course of the year.


Question: Why does a negative multiplied by a negative become a positive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a negative multiplied by a negative become a positive?

For positive a and positive b a + (-a) = 0 (I think you don’t need an explanation why this is true) a(-b) + (-a)(-b) = 0 (-b) (multiply both sides by a negative number -b) -ab + (-a)(-b) = 0 (assume that positive times negative is negative) For this to be true (-a)(-b) must equal ab so if a negative times a positive is negative then a negative times a negative is positive You can multiply everything by b instead of -b to show that if a positive times a positive is positive then a negative times a positive is negative


Question: what science occurs that makes red sky at night become a nice day the next? And what makes it not occur each evening?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what science occurs that makes red sky at night become a nice day the next? And what makes it not occur each evening?

I believe you mean the old saying "red at night sailor's delight, red in the morning sailors take warning". This saying actually does hold true most of the time. Weather travels west to east in the middle latitude regions. So in the morning, the sun rises from the east, and would 'light up' the incoming storm. In the evening the sun sets in the west so it would 'light up' a weather system that was leaving. Now, if the storm comes through after the morning, then you would get no such warning. Also, if a storm system is traveling south-north this doesn't apply.


Question: What does it mean to have a housing market bubble? And what are the potential consequences of not addressing it? For context, take Canada's current market.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean to have a housing market bubble? And what are the potential consequences of not addressing it? For context, take Canada's current market.

A bubble first occurs when an asset (stocks/houses/gold e.t.c) starts to become more valuable. People see the trend in the value going up, so they want to invest in it. Investing is the simple act of buying the asset, holding it for a while, and then selling it once the value has increased. However the demand for people trying to buy the asset as an investment pushes the price up, which makes it a more attractive investment and up and up the price goes in a positive feedback loop. The issue is, eventually the price might stop going up. With houses, for example, there literally becomes a point when nobody can afford them. At that point, all the people invested try to sell their asset since there's no more money to be made. This causes the price to plummet incredibly fast since the market gets flooded with people trying to sell their asset before they lose money on it. Why is this an issue? Firstly, lots of people can lose huge amounts of money very fast. Money that was perhaps going to be a retirement fund, or a college fund. However, there's a particular issue with houses, and that is that a lot of houses are mortgaged, and you can really easily end up in a negative equity situation. This is where the outstanding amount on the mortgage is more than the value of the house. So now, not only have you lost a lot of money, but you can't move house because you can't sell your house for enough to pay off the loan. If you're on a repayment mortgage (where every month you pay off some of the mortgage and pay some interest), then while it sucks - financially its pretty similar to renting (except you can't move). However if you purchased a house as an investment on an interest only basis (this is a mortgage where only you pay the interest on the amount borrowed, and after x years you need to pay off the mortgage as a lump sum), then when the mortgage term expires you're screwed! Suddenly you owe a lump sum more than the value of the house. A lot of people may have to declare bankruptcy. Because of the sheer value of the houses, a large number of people declaring bankruptcy on large loans can have serious negative consequences on the economy. Edit: Houses are a bit funny, because in many ways they are bubble resistant. You can't really buy fractional houses, so you have to save/borrow the full amount before hand. This dampens the rate at which they can increase in value. Also, ultimately a lot of people just want to own their own home, and aren't in a rush to sell it even if financially that's the prudent thing to do. A house has an intrinsic value as somewhere to live and some land, and often buying costs the same or less than renting. So there is a genuine and significant demand for houses not as investments. However its entirety possible for the housing market to crash, as it has historically in various places. If you look at something like bitcoin, that's a classic bubble - it only has such a high value because other people are buying into it, and that's why the price is so volatile.


Question: Considering the recent discovery of water vapors on a far away exo-planet, how the heck do scientists actually manage to 'detect' things like water vapor and other substances on far away planets?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Considering the recent discovery of water vapors on a far away exo-planet, how the heck do scientists actually manage to 'detect' things like water vapor and other substances on far away planets?

Each atom have a specific set of wavelengths of light they absorb. So you can use a spectrometer which splits the light into its different frequencies to look for these specific wavelengths in the light from the planet. This allows you to determine how much of each atom there is on the surface or at least on top of the clouds. In the case of K2-18b they discovered large quantities of hydrogen and helium but also some minor quantities of oxygen. And as we know mixing hydrogen and oxygen creates a very unstable mixture which will react to form water. So we know there is trace amounts of water in the upper atmosphere of K2-18b.


Question: What happens to water when it goes stale?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to water when it goes stale?

After about 12 hours tap water starts to go flat as carbon dioxide in the air starts to mix with the water in the glass, lowering its pH and giving it an off taste


Question: What is the use of weak induction when we can use strong induction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the use of weak induction when we can use strong induction?

To quote a reddit post from a while back about weak vs strong induction, it all lies in the differences between the two. URL_0 “ “Weak" induction only cares about the ladder rung you are currently standing on. As long as that one exists, you know that you can step up to the next rung. All the other rungs below you could have fallen off or exploded. You don't care: As long as the rung you are standing on is OK, then you can keep moving up the ladder. For "strong" induction, you need all the previous rungs to still exist before you can safely move up to the next rung.” So if you don’t have all the previous rungs, you must use weak induction.


Question: Why is adobe flash player ending?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is adobe flash player ending?

Flash, from the get-go, has been riddled with security holes and flaws, and is generally resource-hungry and unwieldy. Ultimately it makes more sense to build some of the more useful features that Flash brought to the web in the late 90s and early 2000s into the native languages of the web, such as HTML, that have universal support across all browsers (because browsers' entire job description is to take HTML and turn it into a web page, therefore all browsers should handle HTML in roughly the same way). Because these standards are open-source, anyone with the knowledge can look at the code behind the scenes and make changes, and similarly can spot potential vulnerabilities and fix them before they become a huge vector for malicious actors. The basic gist is that we used flash despite all of its flaws because there was nothing better at making things like Youtube or Newgrounds work, but now you can do pretty much everything you would have done in Flash with HTML, WebGL, and/or WebAssembly, so switching to that is preferable.


Question: Why is it a bad idea to pay off one loan with another loan?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it a bad idea to pay off one loan with another loan?

You pay interest every month on a loan. If the second loan is much shorter and/or at a lower interest rate this can be a good idea to save money overall. That's called "refinancing" and it happens all the time. If the new loan isn't really different than the previous one then you're just wasting the loan origination fees. Banks don't extend new loans for free.


Question: How can you explain the concept of Laplace and Fourier Transform using analogies to a kid?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can you explain the concept of Laplace and Fourier Transform using analogies to a kid?

A Fourier Transform is a way of converting numbers representing a wobble to numbers representing how fast the wobble is. Sound is a wobble in the air. (gets out a guitar) When I pluck this string, it wobbles, which wobbles the air, which wobbles your ears, (pluck) and you hear the wobble. Now, what happens when I make it wobble faster? (pluck) The sound gets higher! Now, what if the sound contains multiple wobbles? (strum) How do we know what notes there are in the sound? Well, that's what a Fourier Transform is. (brings up a picture of a graph of a fairly simple waveform) You see the wobble? That wobble is made up of lots of different, simple wobbles. I'm saying wobble a lot! Wobble wobble wobble. Well, there are lots of different wobbles in this wobble, so we use a Fourier transform to turn it into (changes picture to graph of Fourier transform of function) this! You can see that the original sound (plays waveform on loop) is made up of this sound (plays simple wave), this sound (plays simple wave) and this sound (plays simple wave). (plays composite sound again). The Fourier Transform also tells you how far along the wobbles are. (animate the phase of a simple wave changing, showing a sort of shift along the complex waveform) Of course, you can use this for wobbles in other things too, like light, or water, or numbers. --- Break while we play with a slinky, guitar with strobe light, etc. to keep the interest of the five-year-old; omit this if there isn't an actual five-year-old involved. --- **Disclaimer: I don't understand what a Laplace Transform is; don't quote me on this!** A Fourier Transform is useful for wobbles along a line, but what about ripples in water? (Flicks tray of water, so ripples are visible.) To do this, we can use a Laplace Transform. A Laplace Transform tells you the same thing as a Fourier Transform, but can be used for values with two coordinates instead of just one. Yes, okay, you can play with the water.


Question: why certain decimals equal a whole?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why certain decimals equal a whole?

Let's take another look at 0.9999...=1. Let's start by saying that 0.999...=a. So w3 have that: a=0.999... Next, we'll multiply both sides with 10: 10\*a=9.999... I hope that you see that there are still an infinite amount of 9s after that period. Now, we'll subtract our original value again: 10\*a-a=9.999...-a 9\*a=9.99...-0.99... It should be clear that the right hand side now equals 9. After all, for every 9 after the decimal in 9.999..., there is one in 0.999...: infinitely many. And so: 9\*a=9 a=1 0.999...=a=1


Question: How does the Earth's atmosphere break things up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the Earth's atmosphere break things up?

Imagine you are jumping in the pool, it doesnt hurt you, right? Now imagine you are jumping in a pool from a 5meter/15feet tall spring/diving board and land on your belly. Thats gotta hurt a lot. Due to your higher speed the impact on the water is much more critical. What you feel is the density difference between gaseous air and liquid water. For meteors its the same with earth. They are flying extremly fast through the emptiness of space. There is nothing that could slow them down. And then they hit the gaseous atmostphere of earth, which has a much higher density that space. You suddenly hit molekuls and material. And you do that at such a high speed that the atmosphere creates very high friction on the meteors and it will burn. You would also burn if you would run with 15-20,000 km/h through the atmosphere. So dont do that


Question: Why instant noodles are not good to our health?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why instant noodles are not good to our health?

The noodles themselves are fine, it's the amount of sodium in the broth that's unhealthy. Also, there's not a whole lot of nutritional value in the broth. If you took just the noodles and made your own soup to use them in, you could get a fairly healthy dish out of it.


Question: Why does liquid flow unevenly out of a bottle into another object?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does liquid flow unevenly out of a bottle into another object?

because of air flow. when you pour out of a bottle, you get that 'glug glug glug' thing happen, where a bunch of water comes out, then there's a short break before the next bunch. this is because as the water blocks the lid area of the bottle, the bottle becomes airtight, and the rest of the water cannot flow evenly. Next time you are drinking from a water bottle, try punching a hole at the bottom (if you can manage this without spilling everywhere). You will find the water will flow evenly. This is also why when you buy large water bottle things with nozzles at the bottom, you need to puncture a hole at the top of it to allow the air to flow through.


Question: Why some EU countries still haven’t picked euro as their main currency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why some EU countries still haven’t picked euro as their main currency?

Because using the Euro is not a no-cost/all-benefit prospect. It greatly simplifies cross-border trade and can make borrowing costs much cheaper. However, in the event a country's economic performance, particularly price inflation and its debt load, are out of sync with what's going on in the wider EU, not having the levers of monetary policy at the government's disposal greatly reduces what it can do. Greece can't just devalue its currency to lighten the load of its debt because it doesn't control the value of its currency. In other large currency blocs this is an issue, too. Take the US for example, inflation and debt load may be way different in Idaho than in New York. However, it is far easier to use government spending funded by one part of the US to prop up another part than it is for the EU. It was politically crippling for Europe to offer Greece bailouts. Similar payments effectively happen in the US every year with next to no political consequences.


Question: Why is your mirror image in a spoon upside down?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is your mirror image in a spoon upside down?

Place the spoon in front of your face: the *lower* part of the spoon is curved *upward*, so it reflects what's *above* your eyes; the *upper* part of the spoon is facing *downward*, toward the ground, and so it reflects what's *below* your eyes. The lower part shows the above, the upper shows the below: the image is upside down.


Question: How do people know there are fossils inside rocks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people know there are fossils inside rocks?

First off. The area where they are hunting is known as a "Fossil Bed". That means the odds are many of the ricks have fossils in them. Second: the presence of a fossil affects the way the rock is shaped. When you have seen a lot of them you develop an eye for it. Not all of them have a fossil but if you keep the video rolling you will get a good on on video eventually!


Question: Why is clown phobia so common?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is clown phobia so common?

There was a line in CSI, where a character pointed out kids find clowns creepy. Uncanny valley. Clowns try too hard. Someone simultaneously smiling and unhappy is fundamentally disturbing. Clowns like all comedians are predisposed to mental illnesses such as depression.


Question: for what reason does technology turn off when too cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 for what reason does technology turn off when too cold?

Batteries operate off of a chemical reaction that is facilitated by heat. The lower the temperature the less power output it has, until it is below the voltage threshold for the device to run.


Question: What exactly is a spark, and how does it occur?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is a spark, and how does it occur?

It depends on what kind of spark you're referring to. If you mean the sparks you get from a firework or from striking steel and flint for instance, the spark from a firework is a small mote of burning chemicals and the spark from the steel is a small piece of very hot steel. If you mean a spark like what jumps from your hand to a doorknob and gives you a shock; certain conditions can cause your body to pick up a static charge, essentially loose electrons from the environment. When you touch a conductor, like the metal doorknob, the electrons jump from you to the doorknob, causing a visible (and tangible) discharge.


Question: Why do people often wake up really early (usually with a lot of energy) after getting drunk the night prior?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people often wake up really early (usually with a lot of energy) after getting drunk the night prior?

Alcohol interferes with sleep (specifically REM sleep) so we are easily woken up. Though we seem to have lots of energy (the other stages of sleep are enough to provide this short term boost), our sleep was not restful, and we will soon feel lethargic until we can compensate with REM-rebound sleep