Question: Why do bananas grow naturally with a consistent curve and not straight out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do bananas grow naturally with a consistent curve and not straight out?

Bananas grow in the direction opposite to gravity. As the flower faces towards the ground, the banana starts growing vertically facing downwards, and the negative gravitropism effect makes it curve upwards away from the ground. The wikipedia page for gravitropism has a great [gif]( URL_0 ) explaining this.


Question: where the fuck seedless fruits seeds came from??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 where the fuck seedless fruits seeds came from??

There aren't any. Seedless fruit were genetically engineered, and then we just started cloning the plants. This is also done with other plants (all Fiji Apples are clones of *the* Fiji Apple) and has caused some problems. Until the 1950's, the entire planet ate Gros Michel bananas. Because they were genetically identical, they were all wiped out in a wave of banana disease, bringing that type of banana to extinction. Thing is, artificial banana flavoring was based on the Gros Michel banana, not the modern banana that replaced it, which is fly banana flavoring "doesn't taste like bananas"


Question: When you charge a device from your car, is it pretty much "free" energy? If not, how much does it cost compared to plugging it in at home?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you charge a device from your car, is it pretty much "free" energy? If not, how much does it cost compared to plugging it in at home?

No. It comes from your car battery. The cost just comes from your gas bill rather than your electricity bill. In fact, considering that cars are less efficient than giant power plants burning coal, you are spending *more*. But even so, the costs of charging your phone will be in the dollars per year, so it won't matter much.


Question: How are calories in foods/drinks calculated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are calories in foods/drinks calculated?

In the old days they used a device called a bomb calorimeter to burn the food and measure how much it changed the temperature of a known volume of water. Not sure if that's still the case.


Question: Why modern animated cartoons don't look as good as Tom and Jerry that was made in 1940?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why modern animated cartoons don't look as good as Tom and Jerry that was made in 1940?

Cartooning is very labor intensive work. These days it varies a little but when you film with a camera, you record 24 frames per second. That means one second of film consists of 24 images. If you're making a cartoon, that means you need 24 drawings for every second of motion picture you want. That is a huge amount of work, which is why cartoonists like to cheat. Most old school animation was animated on 2's. That means that every drawing is displayed on screen for 2 consecutive frames. Now you only need to draw 12 images to fill a second of motion picture at 24 frames per second. What makes modern animation look worse than 1940's animation is that animators tend to 'cheat' a lot more than they used to. In the golden age of animation, the entire character was animated. Full body animations with lots of bounce, stretch and squash effects to exaggerate body motions and such. Characters also tended to be very energetic with lots of slapstick physical humour. Most modern cartoon characters are animated in a way that minimises motion. There's lots of shots and scenes for instance where almost the entire character is static and only the character's mouth and eyes are animated as it speaks. Think of scenes that are full of dialogue with the view just switching back and forth between characters that are mostly static. Or anime type scenes where the action is either so fast that motions only take a few frames of animation or the character is simply 'powering up' with lots of flashy background animations but no real body animation. Most modern animation shows are also a lot skimpier on the frames. Where looney toons might animate on two's (each frame is displayed twice in a row), many modern animations are animated on fours or even fives and sixes, so less frames have to be drawn. There's a ton of examples of how you can cheat in animation to speed up production but the short of it is that the old school way of doing it basically meant putting in a ton of labour. And we mostly don't want to do that anymore because it's too expensive and slow.


Question: What is the difference between real and imaginary numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between real and imaginary numbers?

"Imaginary" is a bad word for them because they definitely exist, they're just part of the complex plane. Imagine the number line, which contains all "real" numbers going off left and right into infinity. Left is negative, right is positive. Take a step to the right and you're at 1, a step to the left and you're at -1. Now imagine you take a step *forward* instead of left or right. Or you take a step backwards. You're going *somewhere*, you're going to a number - a number that definitely "exists" but it's not on this line that contains all "real" numbers. So when you take one step forward, it's not in the 1 direction, it's in the i direction. A step backwards is in the -i direction. Two steps is 2i, then 3i, etc. You have another number line that stretches forward and backward to infinity, which is the "imaginary" number line. When you put them together, you get the complex plane: that is, if you take three steps to the right and four steps forward, your position can't be described just by the real or imaginary number line, it's at 3+4i. You can do this again with the "up/down" direction and create another number line that isn't real *or* imaginary numbers, that goes into three dimensions. Those are *quaternions* - units of numbers that are further into complex dimentions. The new line is marked with j, then k...and you can just keep going into more and more dimensions. [Relevant Numberphile]( URL_0 ) EDIT: A word, and I'm bad at math.


Question: why does the moon appear larger earlier in the night, when it’s “rising” as opposed to later in the night when it’s higher in the sky?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does the moon appear larger earlier in the night, when it’s “rising” as opposed to later in the night when it’s higher in the sky?

We think its because near the horizon you have known objects to compare its size to. Its easily testable that it is just an optical illusion and no size change is happening, hold a coin at arms length and it will cover the moon both near the horizon and at the zenith by the same amount.


Question: How are fistulated cows okay?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are fistulated cows okay?

The cow being okay depends on your own opinion but they won't die. Having a big hole in the side of your body is not something that your body, or that of a cow really likes. The hole is actually closed of, usually with some kind of specially designed lid, and only opened when access is needed. This lid keeps thing from getting in and/or falling out. As there is still a hole in the side of the cow, his body does react and he is much more susceptible for infections. To counter this they most often put these cows on have antibiotics and other drugs to counteract any negative side effects. Although the cow might not always really know what is going on, and any pain or infections are consistently medicated. He is not going to live a happy free life in the meadows until he dies of old age.


Question: When electricity is generated, where do the electrons come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When electricity is generated, where do the electrons come from?

The electrons don't come from anywhere, they are already there. What is happening is that you can put a pressure (voltage) that causes the electrons to flow in a direction, like down a wire. In the case of DC, they hop from atom to atom all the way down your wire from one end to the other. In the case of AC, they flow back and forth over and over.


Question: Why do numbers 1 - 4 have unique suffixes, but numbers with 5 - 10 don't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do numbers 1 - 4 have unique suffixes, but numbers with 5 - 10 don't?

To answer this, we can look at the etymologies of the words. (Note that I have simplified things a little here.) **First** derives from a superlative of "fore" - "forest", if you like. (We say "foremost" today.) Superlatives end in -est, so this explains the -st ending. **Second** comes from Latin *secundus* via French *second*, so we inherit the -nd ending from French. **Third** is more complicated. This was *thridda* in Old English, and that goes back to a much older form that also gives us the Latin prefix *tri-*. The last syllable got dropped and the *r* and *i* got swapped, giving "third". (The same swapping of letters happened in "bird", which used to be *brid*.) **Fourth** came from a form ending in -than, which became -tha and then -th. **Fifth** would have been *fift*, but was influenced by **fourth**. The same influence happened with higher ordinals, and -th became the standard suffix to use. Source: URL_0 TL;DR: Each word formed independently, and they originally had different endings, but "fifth" was modified to be like "fourth" and the same thing happened with higher ordinal numbers.


Question: How do crayons get their pigment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do crayons get their pigment?

Both of your answers are correct. Some colours can be produced naturally by things found in nature, but more often then not, they use chemicals. Iron for example is naturally red and so can be used to colour things red or orange. Different chemical compounds form with different colours and can therefore be used to colour. Lead iodide for example is bright yellow and iron permanganate is a gentle light pink colour. I hope this helps!


Question: How are we able to track/predict if an earthquake will produce/create a Tsunami and in turn estimate how big the wave will be and how long it will take to hit a coastline?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are we able to track/predict if an earthquake will produce/create a Tsunami and in turn estimate how big the wave will be and how long it will take to hit a coastline?

Seismometers measure how strong the amplitude is. If you have sensors scattered about, you can quickly determine speed and direction of the wave/energy as it passes over them. These pieces of information let you estimate when, where, and how big the wave might be.


Question: How come your appetite decreases when you are ill?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come your appetite decreases when you are ill?

Your body needs to rest so it can fight the illness. If you're busy moving about/looking for food you arent resting and your body is using extra energy to digest and breakdown your food. So, by not letting you feel hungry, you can comfortably rest and recover.


Question: If all our cells are renovated in about 10 years, why do scars and tattoos stay for our entire life?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If all our cells are renovated in about 10 years, why do scars and tattoos stay for our entire life?

Tattoo ink sits near the dermis, where the skin doesn’t get replaced as often. If you look at the difference between a fresh and older tattoo, you can see that it fades a bit, since some of the ink in the outer layers comes out.


Question: Exactly how do jet engines generate thrust?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Exactly how do jet engines generate thrust?

The expanding gasses don't come out the front end of a jet engine because there are inlet and compressor turbines that PUSH cold intake air into the engine.Those intake and compressor turbines are driven by the exhaust turbines (which are powered by the expanding exhaust gasses). This is why jet engines have to be spinning before you can start them - without the airflow pushing through the ignition chamber, the ignition will just create an explody fire in the ignition chamber and all you get is a very hot (and possibly damaged) engine. This is why military jets that experience a flame-out will have to dive, regain airspeed (thus turning the turbine) before they can reignite. On commercial high-bypass turbofans, these can be spun up by using APU or auxilliary power unit - its like a small generator - that produces electricity to spin the turbines up. Some military planes have APUs as well, some require a "startup cart" - an engine or generator on a cart - that has to be plugged into the aircraft (although this is rare, most planes have an APU and can do a "cold start" by themselves; its inconvenient to be stranded at an airfield with no startup cart.)


Question: What is the difference between 64 bit programs and 32 bit programs and does it have an actual effect on my computer depending on which one I choose?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between 64 bit programs and 32 bit programs and does it have an actual effect on my computer depending on which one I choose?

One really big difference between them is that 32 bit programs can only see up to 4gb of system memory, which is a small amount depending on the type of program. 64 bit programs can use up to 16 exabytes, or 17 billion gigabytes.


Question: What happened at the Library of Alexandria?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happened at the Library of Alexandria?

Caesar burned it to the ground, and humans lost an innumerable amount of knowledge stored within.


Question: What's the difference between extracting a zip folder and just opening it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between extracting a zip folder and just opening it?

Windows extracts or expands the file you select within a zip file in the background. It is actually written to the drive in a temporary folder and then executed or opened.


Question: how did social security start in the US in 1935?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how did social security start in the US in 1935?

As for your last question, absolutely. Even today we have serious issues, mostly with elderly people, concerning their ability to vote because they were born at home, never got a birth certificate, never got a SS number. Not that many decades ago you could manage pretty well without all the documents we have to have today. And back in the 30s it was far easier for people to not be recorded on any kind of federal level. They might have a Baptism record, but some folks didn't even have that. There simply had never been a need for such things before. So Social Security was created as people across the country were struggling to recover from the Great Depression. Millions of people still couldn't find work, millions had lost whatever retirement savings they'd managed to save up, so the government created what was basically an insurance program to help ensure that the elderly, retired people, young children, and people who couldn't find jobs would have at least enough money to keep from starving. America at this point in time was a newly emerging world leader, and the last thing we wanted was for the rest of the world to think that we just let our most vulnerable citizens die, plus we realized that the economy wasn't going to get better if the majority of citizens couldn't afford to buy anything. In January of 1937 they started giving people identification numbers so that their benefits could be tracked and recorded accurately. Since the federal government didn't yet have the resources to handle a nation-wide campaign to get people to fill out the form to sign themselves up for a number, the U.S. Post Office took care of that task. The person who received the lowest number Grace Dorothy Owen of New Hampshire. Her SS number was 001-01-0001. While Social Security was not the first social welfare program in the U.S., it was the first nation-wide, federally run program. Before this there had been various types of employer-sponsored retirement programs, state-run welfare, and even local city or church-run programs going back to the 1600s, and those were largely modeled on various welfare/poverty-relief programs that have existed in various parts of Europe for ages.


Question: Why are there three credit bureaus?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there three credit bureaus?

> Wouldn't it be simpler? It would also be simpler if Walmart, Target, and Costco were all the same company but they aren't. Private companies are separate because they developed as separate entities and they either do not wish to merge or are prevented from doing so by government action. It "being simpler" isn't really a motivation for them.


Question: I’ve heard people say that a corporation is treated legally as a person, what does this mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I’ve heard people say that a corporation is treated legally as a person, what does this mean?

"Corporate personhood" means that a corporation is treated in some aspects like a person, but not all. For example a corporation can own property instead of a specific person owning it. Without this legal framework there would be a specific person who owned all the company assets. Similarly a corporation can be taxed as an independent entity, it can be sued as an entity, it can enter into contracts, etc. Without this concept if you wanted to make a supply agreement with a company you would be signing it with a specific person, perhaps the majority owner of the company, and if something changed with company ownership then it also impacted your contract.


Question: Can you build a resistance to insect bites to reduce the effect of them? If not, why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can you build a resistance to insect bites to reduce the effect of them? If not, why?

Yes. For example, a mosquito bite leaves a welt on the skin because our body is reacting to the mosquito saliva by releasing antibodies. If you get bitten enough, your body will eventually stop recognizing the saliva as foreign and there will be no reaction at all.


Question: why does some gum lose its flavor so fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does some gum lose its flavor so fast?

The flavors in gum have to be able to get released from the gum to have a taste. That means that they should bind better to spit than to the gum. Gum itself doesn't break down much from saliva. The flavor in gum lasts quite a bit longer than it used to.


Question: Why do we hold our breath when lifting something heavy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we hold our breath when lifting something heavy?

It's easier to lift heavy things when you brace your core. Many people (especially those with weaker core muscles) find it easier to brace while holding their breath or think that it's the holding their breath part that makes the difference without even realizing they are bracing their core. People who go the gym, do frequent ab exercises, or who lift heavy weights regularly know the importance of breathing while using the muscles and have practice breathing regularly with a braced core.


Question: How Do Gas Masks/Respirators Allow you to breath oxygen without breathing in other chemicals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How Do Gas Masks/Respirators Allow you to breath oxygen without breathing in other chemicals?

Gas masks have [filters]( URL_0 ) that are designed for specific things, for example "dust", "organic vapor", "acidic gases", etc. The material inside the filter reacts with and absorbs whatever the filter is rated for. Dust can be stopped by just a paper filter, acidic gases may require [activated charcoal]( URL_1 ) or specific resins that will react with and absorb the specific gas.


Question: What is actually happening when a perfectly comfortable sleeping position eventually stops feeling comfortable and we must re-position ourselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is actually happening when a perfectly comfortable sleeping position eventually stops feeling comfortable and we must re-position ourselves?

Sometimes there is mucus in the sinuses that drains to the bed-side cavity. When it fills up our body gives us a signal to flip over and let it drain to the other cavity. This is not always obvious like a runny nose but more internal to your system. Sometimes what feels comfortable for a bit puts unwanted pressure on ligaments or muscles after a while and our body tells us to roll over before we become stiff.


Question: What happens in your body at concerts when it feels like your heart is about to vibrate out of your chest when they hit super low bass notes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens in your body at concerts when it feels like your heart is about to vibrate out of your chest when they hit super low bass notes?

Sound is effectively just waves of air moving at different speeds and sizes. While most of them are so small you can really only sense them with your ears, as you start to get really low, the waves start to get a lot bigger, to the point you can actually feel them. That feeling is the air physically vibrating your body, usually with what's called a ground sub. Some Front of House Engineers do this on purpose to get that "concert feel", and the wavelengths that do it best are actually below your threshold of hearing, in terms of pitch, but can be powerful enough to knock even a grown person over.


Question: How do GFCI outlets work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do GFCI outlets work?

Great minds think alike. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does a GFCI outlet protect me from electrocution better than the main breaker on the same circuit (or do I completely misunderstand why these are used near sinks and tubs). ]( URL_1 ) ^(_3 comments_) 1. [ELI5: GFCI vs. Surge Protectors vs. Grounds ]( URL_0 ) ^(_20 comments_)


Question: What makes Amsterdam the capital of the Netherlands when The Hague contains all of the institutions a capital usually does?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes Amsterdam the capital of the Netherlands when The Hague contains all of the institutions a capital usually does?

This split is because The Hague is the democratic center, while Amsterdam is the royal center. It was a way of enforcing the difference between these two kinds of power. URL_0


Question: Why is Pregnancy and after called postpartum and not post natal? Why is it prenantal and not prepartum?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Pregnancy and after called postpartum and not post natal? Why is it prenantal and not prepartum?

In terms of the mother pre-birth is called ante-partum. Prenatal care is in reference to the fetus prior to birth. It all gets grouped together in everyday terms but there is a difference.


Question: Why does heat cause some materials to expand (such as types of metal) and some materials to shrink (such as plastic)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does heat cause some materials to expand (such as types of metal) and some materials to shrink (such as plastic)?

To understand this you need to understand what heat is. Heat kind of is vibration of Atoms. The hotter something is, the more it's Atoms vibrate / move. Since the forces between atoms force them into a fixed distance between one another, they need room when a material gets hotter. So the material expands. Metals expand in every direction since the atoms in metals are (more or less) neatly stacked. Plastics are another case since they aren't made up of one sort of atoms but complex molecules. These molecules build chains and sometimes more complex constructs. Now some of these have configurations that can kind of flip when heat is applied. If the configuration the plastic enters while heated takes up less room than the room temperature configuration it shrinks.


Question: When a music album is “remastered” how is it done?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a music album is “remastered” how is it done?

Mastering is a form of mixing that tends to be very very subtle. During my last month in my recording arts program we handled mastering sessions and songs. This consisted of sitting in a room that had been treated to remove as much room tone as possible (lots of foam and acoustic treatments on the walls to remove unwanted reverb or undesirable artifacts that you would hear and obscure the changes being made). We worked with speakers that were as tall as I was over 6' and that had more individual drivers in them to more accurately replicate the audio files. Fun fact they also cost 90k+ per speaker group. We used high end equalizers and compressors along with very intense spectrum analyzing software that would actually allow us to see where odd noises were occurring and be able to reliably edit them out. the changes we made were minute sometimes as little as .3dB of change to a very narrow band of frequencies. We would also add gain to the frequencies that are above the range of human hearing (over 20khz) this can be a placebo effect but can also help bring airiness to music and give it a more open feel. More often when an old album is remastered the main things they will do is make the audio seem louder. They do this by compressing the overall track which will bring the quieter sounds up and giving the illusion of an overall gain increase to the music. They might also decrease the noise that inherently happened on oldshcool analog recordings hiss pops etc. Finally they can do some of the processes that I discussed earlier to clean up the sound and maybe help bring the track back into line with the original intent or desire of the recording artist and producers. Hope this help!


Question: How can bugs crawl on the ceiling? I understand they might have really good grip, but does the blood not rush to their head?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can bugs crawl on the ceiling? I understand they might have really good grip, but does the blood not rush to their head?

Bugs do not have a circulatory system that works the same as ours at all. They really only have a heart and a single aorta going from the back end to the front and then their "blood" just circulates freely through them amongst the other organs back to the rear to be pulled in by the heart again. But that's not the main thing... Because we walk upright our circulatory system is optimised for needing higher pressure to get blood back from the feet and legs to the heart and much lower to get blood back from the head to the heart. When we are upside down blood pressure increases in the head becuase we are the wrong way around. Most bugs though walk with their heads on the same level as their heart anyway so when they are upside down it makes no real difference since the head is still at the same level as the heart.


Question: Why does the current century not line up with the calendar year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the current century not line up with the calendar year?

Year 1-100: The 1st century. Year 101-200: The 2nd century. Year 201-300: The 3rd century. Year 301-400: The 4th century. Year 401-500: The 5th century. Year 501-600: The 6th century. Year 601-700: The 7th century. ..... Year 1801 - 1900: The 19th century. Year 1901 - 2000: The 20th century. Year 2001 - 2100: The 21st century.


Question: How do octopuses change colour so quickly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do octopuses change colour so quickly?

They have a layer of color-changing cells called chromatophores under the outer layer of skin that has pigment in them. The pigments are black, brown, orange, red or yellow and they adjust the visibility of the pigment by sending nerve signals to the cells to stretch them. They also can have iridophores and leucophores. Iridophores have stacks of reflecting plates that create iridescent greens, blues, silvers and golds, while leucophores mirror back the colors of the environment, making the animal less conspicuous. So they can adjust their color at the speed of nerve impulses


Question: Why are galaxies round as a pizza instead of round like a sphere?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are galaxies round as a pizza instead of round like a sphere?

Ever watched one of the many videos that the astronauts on the ISS send back to earth? They're fascinating! Many videos involve water (or other liquids) and how it behaves in free fall. Put a bunch of water together, just floating, and it will stay a sphere. If you spin it, however, it flattens out like a pizza! Centrifugal force from the spin causes the molecules to try to escape, but water's tendency to stick to itself holds it together at low speed and makes the water go oval. If you did the same thing with a more sticky substance (like pizza dough) it could go faster and flatten out even more before breaking apart. You could have a spinning sphere if the water was able to spin in every direction at once, but since the molecules bump into each other, they all cancel each other's movement out until they're all moving in the same direction at the same speed. That's why galaxies mostly all spin like pizza dough.


Question: When a fruit is bruised, why does its flavor change?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a fruit is bruised, why does its flavor change?

Inside of an apple is the molecule catechol. In the presence of oxygen a chemical reaction occurs at an enzyme (a protein that speeds up chemical reactions) to produce a different molecule, benzoquinone. That molecule turns the flesh of the apple brown and makes it mushy.


Question: how come there are no absolute points in space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how come there are no absolute points in space?

That's a misconception: what we observe is that all points are expanding from all points. From Earth it looks like everything is moving away from us, but from anywhere else it looks the same way, too. Since we haven't found an "edge" or "center" of the universe, there's no absolute way to reference any point in relation to the universe itself. The best we can do is reference a point in relation to some other point (distance from Earth, from the Sun, from our galaxy, etc.). The simple illustration I have read a lot is to draw dots on the surface of a balloon and inflate it. All the dots move apart from each other, and on the surface of the balloon itself, that expansion is uniform: it's not one part of the rubber expanding out, but rather the whole thing expanding.


Question: When the EULA states we don’t own the software and just “using” it basically... why can’t we “use” the same software across multiple platforms without paying multiple times?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When the EULA states we don’t own the software and just “using” it basically... why can’t we “use” the same software across multiple platforms without paying multiple times?

With most software you \*can\* do this. Most licenses are a "per use" license. Steam has a great example of this with their family share program. If my son wants to play a game I have that he doesn't, family share will let me do that. The restriction steam puts on it is that **I** cannot be playing any games at the same time too. If my son is playing, and I launch a game he will get a notice from steam telling him he needs to quit soon or it will kick him off. They can get away with this because of the fact most of these games have a "per use" license. So as long as they can guarantee that only one person is using it at a time, it is completely legal.


Question: Why is gradual inflation over time considered a sign of flourishing economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is gradual inflation over time considered a sign of flourishing economy?

Gradual inflation encourages consumers to spend their money rather than hold it and have it lose value.


Question: What information, explicitly, can now be sold by ISPs? It looks like the new law was replacing rules that had not yet gone into affect, so how is this any different than how the internet was 4 years ago? Could our data have been sold then before the rules that were voted on in Oct 2016?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What information, explicitly, can now be sold by ISPs? It looks like the new law was replacing rules that had not yet gone into affect, so how is this any different than how the internet was 4 years ago? Could our data have been sold then before the rules that were voted on in Oct 2016?

Your data has been being sold by Google, your web browser, etc for years. Google makes money by compiling tens of thousands of users browsing trends and data into one big anonymous package (for example: they don't care what michiruwater is looking up, they care what 18-21 year olds are looking up between 3-6PM). Your ISP thinks it's very unfair that Google gets to make money but the ISP does not. Now the ISP can do the same thing that Google does. That's all that happened.


Question: How do we define when the Earth formed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we define when the Earth formed?

> how do we define when it stopped being a clump of rock? But it still is a big clump of rock. That's not mutually exclusive with being categorized as a planet, and the actual definition of a planet is rather arbitrary. Pluto is a good example, as it was classified as a planet initially, but the International Astronomical Union updated its definition of a planet in a way that disqualified Pluto, reclassifying it as a dwarf planet instead. Using the IAU's definition of a planet, the Earth became one once it met the following criteria: URL_0 in orbit around the Sun, 2.has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and 3.has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit.


Question: How do 'Date Rape' Drugs like GHB or Rohypnol work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do 'Date Rape' Drugs like GHB or Rohypnol work?

Okay, taking a go at eli5, even though you asked some complex questions. GHB & Rohypnol are two quite different substances, but they act on the same part of the brain, called *GABA receptors*. *GABA*, a chemical that these receptors are sensitive to, plays a role in how your brain signals to itself that it’s time to go to sleep. Know how you feel tired, sometimes confused, and usually don’t remember anything right before falling asleep? It’s believed this is partly because of your brain producing, transmitting, and receiving this chemical. Sometimes, when people have trouble sleeping, doctors determine (speculate?) that the patient’s brain may have issues either producing, or receiving, this chemical. Certain drugs (like rohypnol or ghb) act on the brain in different ways, but do thinks like make your brain produce more of, or be more sensitive to, these “sleepy” chemicals. For people whose sleep problems are caused by issues with this system, this can be a very elegant solution, solving the problem without too many unwanted side effects. Because these chemicals are all present in your brain, and because your brain is designed to absorb them, turn them into something else, and then flush them out of your system, it can be difficult to determine afterwards whether you ingested them (with or without your knowledge of having done so). This is a feature of these drugs; it’s desirable for a drug to do the job you want it to accomplish, and then disappear without causing unintended side-affects or leaving residual things in your body. However, the downside of this is that if you want to find evidence that someone has taken the drug (such as being given it without their knowledge or consent), it can be difficult, and in some cases impossible after a relatively short amount of time (like, say, around 24 hours). So while these drugs can do a really good job at helping someone, those same benefits can become dangers when used in a different context.


Question: Why does only one side of your nose/nostril get clogged sometimes? And then when you lie down, why/how does it transfer to the other nostril?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does only one side of your nose/nostril get clogged sometimes? And then when you lie down, why/how does it transfer to the other nostril?

[The Nasal Cycle]( URL_1 ) & #x200B; > The **nasal cycle** is the often unnoticed[\[1\]]( URL_1 #cite_note-josephson2006sinus-1)[\[2\]]( URL_1 #cite_note-huizing52-2) alternating partial congestion and decongestion of the [nasal cavities]( URL_0 ) in humans and other animals. It is a physiological congestion of the [nasal concha]( URL_2 ), also called the nasal turbinate, due to selective activation of one half of the autonomic nervous system by the [hypothalamus]( URL_3 ) & #x200B;


Question: Why does the left side of the brain control the right side of the body and the right side of the brain control the left side of the body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the left side of the brain control the right side of the body and the right side of the brain control the left side of the body?

We don't know. What's interesting is that this doesn't happen with everything. Our sense of smell doesn't switch and our vision only partially switched. Edit: one theory is that at some point really, really early in the evolution of vertebrates, the head of the common ancestor got turned backwards (this is also supported by where our hearts are). Essentially our face is the back of their head.


Question: Why are wasps such assholes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are wasps such assholes?

I know if a bee stings you it will die as a result. It would not make sense to sting unless it was warented. Wasps don't die from stinging you. So one wasp can sting multiple times and might be more inclined to sting if they feel threatened


Question: If it only cost 8m to buy out our senators for the ISP deal, why can't we raise that money and lobby ourselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If it only cost 8m to buy out our senators for the ISP deal, why can't we raise that money and lobby ourselves?

Lobbyists don't "buy" politicians. I know that it's the common "I'm angry at Washington" belief, but honestly, lobbyists spend money to convince politicians that the people/organizations that they represent have the correct opinions about some subject. I'm not saying that there's no corruption in Washington. I'm sure there's a ton. And there's clearly corruption in the lobbying process, too. But not to the degree that most people seem to think. Which is why no one is going to "buy back" politician: they're not bought in the first place. They're just being convinced as to the validity of the lobbyists' opinions.


Question: Why do we get crushes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we get crushes?

Mating instinct. One of your most primal urges is the urge to breed (or at least perform the reproductive act). Humans, along with other social animals, have this urge strongly linked with pair bonding, as having 2 active parents for young offspring greatly increases their chances of survival.


Question: What is Variance and Standard Deviation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Variance and Standard Deviation?

We use these for data where there are multiple values. We can use these values to make a distribution curve, which just shows how the data is spread out. If we plot these values on a graph, we get a bell shaped curve. We take the mean, which is basically the average of these values. So that's the centre of the curve. On either sides of this curve is the SD. And 1SD is 33% of the values. So if your mean is 1, and SD is 0.2, that means that if you add and subtract the SD, and make a range (in this case 0.8 to 1.2) that would just mean that 68% of the data comes in that range. So it's basically telling you how spread out the data is from your mean. If your data is close to mean, you'll have a small SD. If it's far away from the mean, it's a large SD.


Question: What is the difference between 5.1, 7.1 and 3D audio and which is better?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between 5.1, 7.1 and 3D audio and which is better?

It all pretty much only describes your sound setup and therefor what kind of sound processing you want to take place. Ignoring 3D for a second cause honestly I don't know much about it. But 5.1 and 7.1 is pretty much the same thing with it describing your speaker setup. The .1 is the subwoofer in both setups. A 5.1 Would have a center front, left and right speaker + left and right from behind. And a subwoofer. A 7.1 sound system is pretty identical with speaker directly to your sides as well. 3D sound would in addition have sound coming from above and below. 3D sound as a concept means sound can come from any direction really, so it's generally achieved by fooling your brain into thinking sound comes from one direction or another and isn't "true" sound coming from all directions.


Question: Since the Native Americans were here before us, how... did they end up here?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Since the Native Americans were here before us, how... did they end up here?

The native peoples of North America predate the Vikings and subsequent European settlers but also came via land migration. All human “tribes” originated in and around Africa and dispersed in all directions, globally. The native North Americans traveled across the Bering straight land mass that was temporarily exposed during a little ice age, allowing human to travel from what’s now north east Russia to Alaska, and migrated downward to favorable weather.


Question: Why can't "developing" countries just copy "developed" countries to improve their living standards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't "developing" countries just copy "developed" countries to improve their living standards?

Why can't you copy Lebron's basketball skills and be as good as he is? It's all there, for the world to see... except he's an exceptional talent with years of practice. It takes *time* to develop something. Western Europe had literally *centuries* of development to reach it's present state. China did it in decades because they had the template to follow and even they are having to make some of the choices that the West made along the way. Edit: For example - You can't just build a factory and expect your population to start producing computers. It takes an educated population of specialists to build things like computers.


Question: How come diesel engine have been praised in the past and now suddenly everyone seems to be against it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come diesel engine have been praised in the past and now suddenly everyone seems to be against it?

Different type of fuel and compression result in different products - diesels run in high compression and hot so they burn their fuel thoroughly, however it also causes atmospheric nitrogen to react with atmospheric oxygen, producing toxic nitrogen oxides. The recent diesel scandal was companies cheating with the engine computer to reduce nitrogen oxide output when it was detecting it's in emissions test. Petrol engines run less hot, so their exhaust contains some unburnt hydrocarbons and more carbon monoxide but also less nitrogen oxides.


Question: why does Starship make the horizontal flip instead of landing lime their other rocket?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does Starship make the horizontal flip instead of landing lime their other rocket?

Because falling horizontally allows you to slow down using air resistance, which is increased when surface area is increased. This saves for the very last moment, where the rocket flips and then scrubs the remaining velocity with engine power. Braking with the engines exclusively would cost more fuel and thus more mass you'd have to slow down. This multiplies, the larger your rocket is, which is why the heavier Starship tries to manage with as little fuel as possible.


Question: Why do teeth not grow back or heal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do teeth not grow back or heal?

The outside part of your teeth, the enamel, is not alive and doesn't have any blood vessels or any way for living cells to get to it. That's because, as you can imagine, squishy blood vessels would compromise the strength of the enamel. It's built to be *super* hard and durable - strong enough that most of the time you wouldn't *need* to rebuild it. And in the cases that teeth do get damaged, well, you have a mouth full of them so losing a single tooth won't kill you. In order to rebuild broken enamel, the tooth has to be encased in living tissue that has the cellular machinery to do it. That only happens inside the gums. That's why we have baby teeth - once our teeth have left our gums, they can't get bigger. If we waited until our teeth were the size we need them to be as adults, we would have to go *years* without being able to eat solid food. On the other hand, teeth that fit in a child's mouth are way too small for our needs. So we have one set of teeth that do the job while our adult teeth are still being built inside of our jaw.


Question: Would inflation still happen if the population didn’t increase?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Would inflation still happen if the population didn’t increase?

Yes, because inflation isn't caused by population growth. Simplifying things to an extreme degree, inflation when the amount of money (as in the literal number of dollar bills) increases faster than the amount of wealth (as in the things that people want to buy with those dollar bills, like cars or houses or factories or video games or pizzas). When there are more dollars per thing people want to buy, each individual dollar is worth less. In the modern world, well-managed central banks have pretty good control over the amount of money that is produced, so they can usually adjust the rate of inflation regardless of how wealth is growing. Of course, setting a particular inflation rate isn't always the primary concern for the people making these decisions, and the situation gets more complicated when one supply of money is used in multiple different countries, as with the Euro. And when the banking system is corrupt rather than well-managed, all bet are off.


Question: Why do people believe that the top 1 percent should be taxed more?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people believe that the top 1 percent should be taxed more?

Because they have a tremendous amount of money. If I took 25% of a poor person's income they would be completely devastated and might become homeless. If I took 25% from a 1% person they still have millions upon millions of dollars left. So even though I'm taking equal percentages, the poor person is losing a lot more. Disclaimer: I'm not saying I support or am against this idea, I'm just explaining it.


Question: How do people make so much more money from a stock than the stock even rose, percentage-wise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people make so much more money from a stock than the stock even rose, percentage-wise?

The most likely reason is leverage - that is, they used someone else's money to buy (most of) the stock they sold. An example: If I buy 100 share of stock at $10 per share, that costs me $1,000. Then it rises to $15 per share and I sell it for $1,500, netting me $500 profit. That's excellent - 50% - but there's a way to make lots more. I borrow $800 at 10% interest, and with $200 of my own money, I buy the same $1,000 worth of stock and sell it at the same $1,500. I pay back the $800 + $80 interest out of the $1,500 proceeds of my stock sale, leaving me with $620. Subtracting my initial $200 of my own money, I have a profit of $420. Sure, that's less in absolute terms than the $500 above, but I used $200 to make $420, a 210% profit. And if I take the original $1,000 I was willing to invest and borrow another $4,000 at 10%, and do the same thing (buy, sell, etc.), my profit would be $2,100, considerably higher than $500 from the non-leveraged transaction using the same amount of my own funds. The danger is if the stock doesn't go up, I still have to repay what I borrowed plus interest.


Question: Why does the water that you drink at 3am taste so good?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the water that you drink at 3am taste so good?

It doesn't. It tastes exactly the same. What you are experiencing has nothing whatsoever to do with taste. You are just incorrectly describing it that way, because you associate pleasure with eating and drinking with taste. That water tastes the same. What is instead happening is your brain's reward system kicking in. You are dehydrated and need water, so your brain is rewarding you for doing so by giving you a hit of dopamine. This is to encourage you to continue to drink water the next time you are dehydrated, since you remember doing so as pleasurable.


Question: How do computer board designers change and update parts like GPUs and motherboards to be compatible with all types of new and old standards, and make them faster, so quickly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do computer board designers change and update parts like GPUs and motherboards to be compatible with all types of new and old standards, and make them faster, so quickly?

In a word: Standards. If your part doesn't comply with the standards for that part, it won't work with anything else. Which means nobody will buy it. New standards are sometimes backwards-compatible. Sometimes they are not - so part manufacturers don't *always* make stuff compatible with everything else. Add to that that there *are* companies that just make everything themselves, or have it made for themselves, and don't *care* if it's compatible.