Question: why does ground beef / chicken breast cost less than red peppers?

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 why does ground beef / chicken breast cost less than red peppers?

**TL;DR: Lots of reasons.** *Certain fruits and veggies are highly seasonal and light for their weight and require careful handling and importing from outside the country. Meat's easier to keep growing through the winter using local government-assisted jobs so grocery stores can access massive quantities and sell it at a reduced price.* Fruits and vegetables don't grow outside in colder weather, and many have very limited growing seasons coupled with limited shelf life. So you either have to grow them in a warm climate that's far away and then invest in rapidly shipping them in a temperature-controlled container until they arrive, or grow them in a regional warmed greenhouse or hydroponics farm. Both options are expensive and add to the cost. A lot of fruit and vegetables bruise very easily and are filled with air (peppers are a good example). So you have to ship them in protective containers that don't really contain much weight compared to their volume. This adds to their cost compared the small volume for each pound of, say, pork that comes in. There are no seasonal limitations on growing many meats. Pig sties and chicken farms run throughout the year, feeding their animals through locally grown crops that keep really well like dried corn. Do it right and you can get several harvests of chicken each year. However, strawberries and asparagus really only grow once per year in a certain season. Getting those products out of season usually means they've been shipped from far overseas. Stores put on sales according to supply and demand. In your chicken versus grapes example, they were able to buy a massive quantity of local chicken at a cheap price, and they were willing to let it go at less of a profit per package because everyone's buying it and then buying other things in their store too. There's no massive quantity of grapes being routinely harvested in winter, so there's no sale on those and the store's getting full profit on each bunch they sell. And finally, as someone else mentioned, sometimes regional governments interfere in the price-setting elements of "supply and demand", charging tariffs and taxes on imported good while subsidizing locally produced ones.


Question: If HDR is just a monitor having better contrast, why do games/videos have to specifically support it?

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 If HDR is just a monitor having better contrast, why do games/videos have to specifically support it?

The recorded and transmitted video data has to conform to a specific set of standards that constrain the possible quality you can achieve. To get HDR, you need to use a suitable standard such as Dolby Video, which adds more precision to each pixel than would be possible in normal (non-HDR) video. If you really want to see an example, the wikipedia HDR page gives some detail as to the specific codecs used: URL_0


Question: Why is Facebook advertising it's "Facebook Live" feature so heavily?

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 Why is Facebook advertising it's "Facebook Live" feature so heavily?

If the social media market starts to gravitate towards Snapchats or livestreams, etc it means users could use other platforms to share content and information which means they become less relevant. They are also working on different ways to monetize the live streaming with ads so they maintain revenue. This is revenue they lose if people use other networks to do accomplish the same goal. Essentially, they are trying to protect their market share in case social media transitions to into this new live space.


Question: How do the bakery's cut hot dog buns when they are still all stuck together to the other hot dog buns in the package?

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 How do the bakery's cut hot dog buns when they are still all stuck together to the other hot dog buns in the package?

Hot dog buns are usually 4 across. THey are cut with three knives, so you end up with this pattern of bun sides cut uncut, uncut cut, cut uncut, uncut cut The side buns are cut normally the middle gets cut with a pointy flat spike that goes all the way through and cuts two buns, thats where you get the two cuts against each other.


Question: On a subatomic level, what stops two objects made of the same exact material from joining and forming a bigger object? What force is there that repels the two objects?

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 On a subatomic level, what stops two objects made of the same exact material from joining and forming a bigger object? What force is there that repels the two objects?

A few things, notably that what *we* see as the "same material" often isn't actually the same material. Take metals: they oxidize. For iron, that means rusting. While a thick layer of rust takes a while, the iron atoms on the outside oxidize about as instantaneously as anything can happen. So when you try to stick to pieces of iron together, in reality there's a barrier of iron oxide between the two pieces, and that iron oxide doesn't really stick to anything. Why not? Because the oxygen is sticking to the iron instead. The iron can't stick to the other iron atoms because the oxygen is in the way, and the oxygen won't stick to the oxygen because oxygen generally doesn't like sticking to itself. This happens with pretty much all metals: the instant you cut through the metal, it will oxidize and it won't stick back together. Interestingly enough, you *can* "cold weld" metal together in an environment where there is no oxygen, like space! The cut has to be extremely clean and precise, too. If you manage it, though, you can simply touch the cut pieces of metal together and they'll "weld" into a solid piece again. But the cut has to be *very* precise. The other reason materials don't stick together is because of surface area and contact. Think about [cut wood]( URL_0 ) and how rough the edge is after you cut it. Even if the wood wanted to stick together like unoxidized metal, it still wouldn't because it would touch enough. Each little splinter sticking out of the cut edge would attach, sure, but then it would get in the way and prevent shorter splintery edges from touching each other. There would be gaps with trapped air, and not enough pieces bonded together to make it strong. So your material has to be very smooth at the cut, or else it's like trying to get two puzzle pieces that don't match to stick together. Some materials just aren't sticky, or aren't sticky in the right way. For this, you can think of velcro: there's a grabby side and a soft side. The grabby side won't stick to another grabby side, eh? That's kind of what's happening with oxidized metal: oxygen is really grabby and it runs in and grabs the metal, and other grabby oxygen can't stick to that grabby oxygen. Really, it has to do with unpaired electrons in the outer shell. That is, electrons like being paired and atoms will "borrow" electrons from nearby atoms so that they can complete the pairs. Usually, the atoms end up sharing the electrons, which keeps them close together (which is a *covalent* bond in chemistry). Atoms can also just straight up steal an electron, but that makes them slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive, and like tiny magnets they stick together (which is an *ionic* bond). There's also *metallic* bonds, in which the electrons float among all the atoms in the metal, "shared" by all of the atoms simultaneously. When an atom has all its electrons paired up and the positive/negative charges balanced, it doesn't need to stick to anything else. Sometimes a substance is just like that. Take for instance carbon dioxide - the oxygen shares its electrons with the carbon and, just like the oxidized iron, has all its electrons paired and doesn't want or need to borrow or share with anything else. So CO2 doesn't really stick to itself at all. That's why it's a gas at room temperature. Water, on the other hand, sticks to itself pretty well because the molecules are polar, which is why water is *not* a gas at room temperature. Anything with atoms with completed electron pairs won't stick to much of anything, unless it's polar like water. That is, part of the water is very slightly positive and part is very slightly negative, so they stick together like magnets that are very slightly bigger than the tiny ionic bonding atoms. These kinds of polar molecule bonding is called *hygrogen* bonding. You can still get a material to clump even if the atoms have full electron pairs, though. Stuff like plastics have long chains of polymers, which are repeating bits of molecules stuck together, and they're all tangled together instead of being chemically bonded. So they won't really stick to anything, including other plastic, unless you melt it down and give the polymers a chance to move around and get tangled up with each other. Think of plastic like a box of Christmas lights piled on top of each other and shaken up a lot, and then frozen in place. There's no way to get them apart. If you add another frozen pile of tangled Christmas lights on top, though, they won't tangle together until you unfreeze them and jumble them up together. TL;DR: That totally works that way under very limited circumstances, but mostly the forces repelling the two objects are the same forces repelling any two objects - that is to say, the electromagnetic force keeping electrons away from each other.


Question: Why does esport (e.g. Dota 2) need to be constantly changed and updated if not people will get bored, while traditional sports (e.g. football) can stay the same for hundreds of years but people will still play?

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 Why does esport (e.g. Dota 2) need to be constantly changed and updated if not people will get bored, while traditional sports (e.g. football) can stay the same for hundreds of years but people will still play?

Sports don’t stay the same. Players practice, exercise, retire, and join. There is inherent imbalance in sports. One team had more experienced people, faster or stronger people. In esports, some strategies are superior. Some units, gear, whatever are superior. Some strategies are superior. But, no champions, items, or whatever else ever have to retire. If you never change anything, then player experience becomes the only factor which varies between matches. Look at hardcore fans of various sports. They track MASSIVE quantities of statistics on players. If the only thing they could track was raw experience, sports likely also would lack the consistent draw.


Question: How do surgeons reattach people's entire body parts after they've been removed?

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 How do surgeons reattach people's entire body parts after they've been removed?

slowly and carefully. Some things like muscle tissue will regrow and repair. But things like nerves, arteries, veins and some capillaries have to be manually reattached and even grafted (meaning replacent tissue has to be put on it to support the connection until it can heal and regrow) Its a long and tedious job but if done correctly partial and even full use of the limb can be restored. And most people would say its worth the work.


Question: Why is Japan not facing economic ruin when its debt to GDP ratio is much worse than Greece during the eurozone crisis?

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 Why is Japan not facing economic ruin when its debt to GDP ratio is much worse than Greece during the eurozone crisis?

Japan is a middle-aged doctor who took out a second mortgage maybe they shouldn't have. They are still wealthy, still have a great, high income job, so people are willing take more chances loaning them money, even if the debt is starting to pile up. If worse comes to worst, they can always sell their vacation condo to make ends meet. Greece is an assistant manager at Kinkos, who lied on a bunch of credit card applications and lived too large for a few years until it all caught up with them. Even though they owe less than Japan, even as a ratio to their income, their job is much less stable, so the interest is higher and their creditors are much less patient. They also live in their parents' basement, so they have no house to sell to get them out of trouble. And most worrying, they haven't assumed responsibility for the mess they made and spend most of their time blaming other people rather than trying to fix it.


Question: How do tokens work? How does a machine (i.e: arcade game, subway turnstile, etc) distinguish one token from another, or from a similar sized coin in general?

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 How do tokens work? How does a machine (i.e: arcade game, subway turnstile, etc) distinguish one token from another, or from a similar sized coin in general?

Typically, this is done by size and/or weight. There will be elements of the machine that will evaluate the coin by one or both of these metrics to see if it is "valid" - it will return it if it is not. Odds are, the tokens will work just fine as there aren't that many people that make tokens and there isn't much value in having unique tokens for each customer.


Question: Why is it harder to sing in a secondary language despite having a certain level of proficiency in it?

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 Why is it harder to sing in a secondary language despite having a certain level of proficiency in it?

Singing in a language uses a different part of the brain than speaking it. You will find with Choirs that many people sing in foreign languages without being able to speak said languages at all. They are taught how to sing the specific words in a specific manner and no language processing is occurring for them, just music production.


Question: Why does it feel good to rub your eyes when you’re tired?

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 Why does it feel good to rub your eyes when you’re tired?

URL_0 > Rubbing your eyes can also be therapeutic. Pressing down on your eyeball can stimulate the vagus nerve, which slows down your heart rate, relieving stress. That might explain the "feel good", but read the rest in the article about potential damage to your eyes by rubbing them too much. Your eyes have an inner fluid pressure, and you don't want to continually increase that pressure. URL_1 > Even a light rub doubles [eye pressure]. Removing eye make-up or wiping away tears increases the pressure a little more. But scrunching up your eyes then using your knuckles to gouge really hard shoots up your eye pressure more than 20 times. Read the rest, about dangers if you have certain eye conditions. Also, from the first article: > Most worryingly, studies have shown that continuous eye rubbing in susceptible individuals can also lead to thinning of the cornea, which is weakened and pushes forward to become more conical. This is known as keratoconus, and is a serious condition that can lead to distorted vision and ultimately the need for a corneal graft. So basically don't rub too hard or too often. Also if you are rubbing because of an allergy making your eyes itchy, it actually make the itching worse, because rubbing also releases "histamines" (the stuff that makes you itch & sneeze etc. when you have hay fever or other allergies). That's why you might find that if your eyes itch, the more you rub them the more itchy they get! Eyeballs are complicated things. ed: Bit of trivia: Eyeballs are technically *part of your brain*! The retina (the light-sensitive bit at the back of the eyeball) is formed from the same tissues as the brain so it's considered part of the brain. Our brains are literally peeping out of our skulls to see things. :)


Question: what does it mean when a US state is a “right to work” state?

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 what does it mean when a US state is a “right to work” state?

Right to work is a misnomer which i assume is by design. It basically means the company you work for can fire you at anytime for any reason but you can quit anytime you want as well. You can quit anytime you want to in a non right to work state as well so it basically just gives companies power over you.


Question: why do electrical circuits make noise occasionally?

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 why do electrical circuits make noise occasionally?

Buncha weird answers here. Switch mode power supplies use a transistor to switch the current on and off through a coil of wire, generating different voltages which can be more useful for low voltage DC circuits. As this coil of wire is repeatedly energised and de-energised at a high frequency, causing a changing magnetic field, which can interact with the environment, creating sound waves.


Question: Why do older video games look so angular, like they were pasting faces on the blocks of wood? What changed?

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 Why do older video games look so angular, like they were pasting faces on the blocks of wood? What changed?

Computers do 3D graphics with angular, pointy shaped polygons. If you wanna make something look smooth and rounded, you need to use **more** little polygons to approximate a rounded edge. Problem is, more polygons means more resources for a computer to keep track of, and on older systems eventually you'd run out of memory to keep track of it all. So in ye olden days, you had to look for stuff you could skip drawing in 3D, and paste a picture on instead. Pasting a picture on aka "using a texture" could be less "expensive" for the computer to spend time on rather than really building details in 3D. So a lot of facial detail (how eyes are set in, how cheeks are rounded) would get skipped over. [Here's a kinda long video showing off Mario's evolution over the years.]( URL_0 ) In his N64 days, it took 752 polygons to make his shape, but by the time you get to modern models, it takes over 10,000. But in exchange you get to model all sorts of little details (like his mustache! And fingers!) that help him look way better. The N64 simply didn't have enough memory to store this, and even if it did it's CPU was too slow to draw it fast enough: ideally games need to draw a new picture of what's happening on screen **at least** 30 times a second in order for the motion to look okay.


Question: Why do we get black circles under our eyes when we don't get enough sleep?

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 Why do we get black circles under our eyes when we don't get enough sleep?

The concept behind dark circles under your eyes relates to fluid retention. The skin under your eyes is extremely thin, and therefore, more transparent. When you've neglected sleeping one of the responses the body has is in the increase in the amount of the hormone Cortisol. Cortisol, which is sometimes referred to as the stress hormone, will increase blood flow (vasodilation). This is subsequently seen in the skin under your eyes!


Question: why do some foods, like pickels, still come in a glass jar, but most beverages, like milk, have migrated to waxed paper or plastic containers?

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 why do some foods, like pickels, still come in a glass jar, but most beverages, like milk, have migrated to waxed paper or plastic containers?

As far as I know (as a chemistry major) glass is safer for storing acidic foods because acidity can ease the leaching of plastic toxic compounds (like epoxy resins) into the food and that's why many acidic foods are still sold in glass jars. But then again I have seen several brands of pickels sold in plastic containers, so maybe the amount of leaching is negligible or we have to sue the companies :D


Question: Why is canned tuna so different from fresh tuna?

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 Why is canned tuna so different from fresh tuna?

Canned solid white tuna (and chunk white tuna) is basically boiled albacore tuna filet. If you get an albacore filet and boil it, then cool it to room temp, it’ll be pretty similar. This tends to be more subtle flavored, but great chunky textures. Chunk light tuna is generally skipjack, which is in the tuna family but quite a different fish, and often much cheaper than albacore. It’ll have a pinkish hue and be shredded. Again for the most part, if you boiled up one of these fish, this is about what you’d get. This tuna tends to have a more pungent flavor but the texture can be a turnoff to some. Skipjack would almost always be considered to be a much lower quality fish than many other tunas (but it has its uses and many like it!) Most fresh tuna you find in stores and restaurants will be a different tuna called “yellowfin tuna”. If you go to a store or restaurant and order a “tuna” filet, or tuna anything that’s not a tuna salad sandwich, this is the fish you’re getting. Yellowfin tuna is that nice pink to red color when raw that you’re more familiar with, but cooks up white. Again, it’s a different fish than those above but they are all in the tuna family. Most tuna sushi you will be served will be this fish as well.


Question: Why are computer CPUs so small? Wouldn't it be beneficial to make them bigger?

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 Why are computer CPUs so small? Wouldn't it be beneficial to make them bigger?

Electricity takes time to travel through wires. If you want to make a signal go to a bunch of different points quickly then you need to put those points closer together. This is what CPU designers are doing; by making their components smaller they are able to cram more points into a given area and achieve more without slowing down the process with more distance.


Question: Why are Human babies so helpless?

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 Why are Human babies so helpless?

Because we needed to stand up. That meant the hole that the baby slips through is restricted in size, forcing human babies to be born much earlier and thus with much more limited capabilities. Animals on the other hand allow their youth to develop a lot further in the womb, and then plop out fairly functional. The downside for us is that babies need a lot more care, luckily we developed a lot mentally to get very good at that.


Question: How did they do math before Arabic numerals?

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 How did they do math before Arabic numerals?

[Abacuses]( URL_0 ) were in use long before the invention of the Arabic writing system, and are still used today by students who can not do math with Arabic Numbers (like the blind). It's a frame with bars, each bar with a number of beads on them. And they can be used to great effect for most simple mathematical calculations.


Question: why is abdominal fat first to deposit and last to melt? What determines where the fat goes?

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 why is abdominal fat first to deposit and last to melt? What determines where the fat goes?

I read somewhere that besides keeping your internal organs cozy, fat in the abdomen and buttocks/thighs is situated so that it least affects your moment of inertia, because it is as close as possible to your center of mass. This allows you to stay relatively nimble when compared to storing fat further away, say in the arms and lower legs. Imagine running around swinging fat deposits on your wrists and ankles to get an idea of what I am saying. The body has evolved to store fat near your waist first.


Question: You are on a game show with a prize behind one of three doors. You choose a door, and the host opens one of the other two doors showing you there isn’t a prize there. You should now change your decision. WHY?! (the most infuriating statistics problem that I still don’t understand)

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 You are on a game show with a prize behind one of three doors. You choose a door, and the host opens one of the other two doors showing you there isn’t a prize there. You should now change your decision. WHY?! (the most infuriating statistics problem that I still don’t understand)

I'll make the problem really simple for you: The door that gets revealed as the "wrong door" is always a "wrong door". If you had originally picked either of the two wrong doors, then switching now would always result in the winning door. If you originally picked the winning door, switching will cause you to lose. Since there were 3 doors in the beginning, you had a 2/3 chance of picking a wrong door and then subsequently switching to the winning door, and a 1/3 chance of picking the correct door on the first try and switching to lose. TL:DR: Your odds of winning are = the odds of picking the wrong door on the first choice, since as long as you pick one wrong door, the other will be eliminated, and you can switch to the correct door.


Question: Why would insurance companies provide insurance?

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 Why would insurance companies provide insurance?

Why would anyone ever open a casino? Insurance is, at its core, gambling. The insurance company bases the premium on the risk/odds of a payout. They take those premium payments and invest the money. As long as the insurance company is making more money in premiums and investment returns than they're paying out in claims (and remember, they're the ones who set the odds) they're making money overall. Insurance companies have big actuarial departments who are running all sorts of statistical analyses on overall odds to make sure they're calculating premiums correctly for what their claims will end up paying out.


Question: Why does putting pressure on an area you just hurt make it less painful?

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 Why does putting pressure on an area you just hurt make it less painful?

The simple answer is sensory overload. You have (essentially) five main receptors in your skin: 1. Touch 2. Pressure/touch 3. Temperature 4. Vibration 5. Pain/itch When you trigger one, it sends an impulse to your brain, such as "OW! Cut!" or "OW! HOT!". The more nerves you trigger, the greater the sensation. Our network of nerves are like pipes. Certain ones are capable of carrying more volume of signals than others. Also, in some areas of the body there are only so many pathways for these impulses to travel to your brain. Now, if you're suddenly overloaded with a specific type of impulses in one area, some of the other impulse types will be 'diluted' comparatively. It's like dropping one drip of hot sauce into a gallon of water... yes, it's still there and you know it, but it's very weak when diluted by everything around it. When you apply pressure, the nerves responsible for pressure overload the network, minimizing the relative quantity of pain signals getting through. That's why the pain starts to come back when you release pressure on the cut.


Question: What exactly is the Bermuda Triangle? Why do ships supposedly get lost within it?

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 What exactly is the Bermuda Triangle? Why do ships supposedly get lost within it?

The Bermuda triangle is just a region in the Atlantic ocean that has a higher than average amount of traffic. It is one of the busiest shipping areas in the world, and also has a higher than average concentration of flights passing through it. As a result the total number of ships and planes that have gone missing there is higher than most other regions, but the number of missing per 10,000 ships/flights passing through that region is about the same as anywhere else.


Question: why is the snow cover so even?

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 why is the snow cover so even?

There' so many of them (Like absurd numbers in the billions and trillions) that the noise of coverage is converted to one even looking smooth sheet to your brain. However it's not even, wind affects snowfall, localized temperature like from a house or street lamp; when snowflakes hit the ground they tend to fuse to other ones and the weight eventually collapses stacks into even flat piles. They are so small it seems like a flat sheet to the naked eye. There are odds though that some variable could cause a giant tower of snowflakes... it's highly unlikely.


Question: Does Liquid IV hydrate you more than as if you are drinking regular water? If so, how?

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 Does Liquid IV hydrate you more than as if you are drinking regular water? If so, how?

It's basically electrolytes to make water "isotonic", wich means the electrolyte levels (salts/minerals) match the ones of our body. When you drink regular water it doesn't match the mineral concentration your body needs so some excess water is flushed out (same if too much minerals are in it though). So yes, you get more hydration by drunk volume. But thats really only a concern when you have limited water with you, otherwise you can just drink more and let your body solve it themselves.


Question: How do tax write offs work in the USA when you file self employed taxes?

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 How do tax write offs work in the USA when you file self employed taxes?

Write-offs are the same with self-employment as they are for w2 employment, but your income is shown on various 1099 forms. You find out the rules for write-offs and they come off your income (not your tax bill). Example, let's say I'm in the gig economy, and I have income from Uber, postmates, wag, and other forms of contract employment. There are rules about being able to write off expenses on home office, vehicles, and other expenses. If the things you use to do your job are also used for personal use (like a car), you have to determine how much your car was used for business. This is where mileage tracking comes in (there are free apps to monitor your mileage). So if 50% of my driving was for business, I then look at how much I've spent on my car (gas, repairs, payments, interest, insurance, washes, accessories), and I can take 50% of that value and remove it from my taxable income. If I've made a total of $75,000 last year from all of my job sources, and I spent $10,000 on the car expenses I listed above (and 50% of my car use is for business), I can lower my income by $5,000 so I'm now only paying taxes on $70,000. There are other ways to do car expenses, but everything else will follow the rule of what percentage of things I'm writing off were used for personal reasons (like, do you use your home office to also play video games or some other non-business purpose, then you write off a percentage of your home office). I use TurboTax Small Business and it covers all of the write-offs extensively.


Question: how come food gets utterly obliterated by stomach acid, yet stuff such as bacteria and parasites that cause food poisoning doesn’t?

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 how come food gets utterly obliterated by stomach acid, yet stuff such as bacteria and parasites that cause food poisoning doesn’t?

Most do, but only a very small number of bacteria need to make it to the intestines to start multiplying again and produce ill effects. Actually the impressive part is probably how many bacteria your stomach acid *does* blitz every day and how rarely pathogenic bacteria do make it through! Also some food poisoning (such as from rice) isn’t caused by bacteria, but by toxins which the bacteria have already produced, and which don’t get destroyed in the stomach.


Question: how counting cards in poker works?

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 how counting cards in poker works?

As a general rule, you don't count cards in Poker - you count cards in BlackJack. This is because, unlike most card games, BlackJack does not shuffle the deck between hands. This means that knowledge of historic cards can give you important information about what cards remain in the deck for future hands. There are multiple ways to count cards, but they all boil down to remembering what cards you have seen in previous hands so you can extrapolate what cards are left in the deck. If you have seen are large number of low cards (2-6) then that tells you the remaining cards in the shoe (card holder the dealer uses) are weighted to higher cards (7-10s). This can influence how you choose to play your hand - if you are sitting on a 15, you may not want to hit if the shoe is heavy with high cards as you are likely to bust. Opposite logic would be true if the deck is heavy in low cards. Now, all that said, counting cards is very much against the rules of any casino and you _will_ be banned from the property if you are caught. Casinos also do things that reduce the impact of counting cards (playing with multiple decks and shuffling more often).


Question: What is a Hilbert Space?

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 What is a Hilbert Space?

Never played Destiny 2, but if it has Hilbert space reference, I now kinda want to. Anyhow, to describe Hilbert space, but omitting mathematical details, you kinda can just take your intuition about what a space even is(assuming you aren't mathematician. If you are, then you're thinking too broadly), and consider for example sheet of paper as 2d space. Or our world we live in as 3d space. Or piece of string as 1d space. Hilbert space is a catch-all name for these spaces, and some more. You can have 4d Hilbert space, or 5d Hilbert space, but also the thing that really makes it a bit weird is that even infinite-dimensional spaces are allowed. If one speaks of **the** Hilbert space, you refer to the infinite-dimensional case. The cool bit about Hilbert spaces is that infinitely many dimensions breaks surprisingly few of our intuitions. There's still concept of distance between points, you can still do sorta geometry in this space, and you can even do calculus in infinite dimensions. How you arrive at them is basically, imagine infinite dimensions. Then try to figure out how to calculate distances between points without everything being infinite(for comparison, distance on a straight line is |x1 - y1|. Distance on a plane is sqrt((x1 - y1)^2 + (x2 - y2)^2 ).) And boom, you're more or less done. Technical details left as an exercise for the reader.


Question: If Coca-Cola were to produce biodegradable packaging for their plastic bottles and if it’s true that biodegradable plastic decomposes in 3 to 6 months, how would Coca-Cola make they products last on store shelves and warehouses?

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 If Coca-Cola were to produce biodegradable packaging for their plastic bottles and if it’s true that biodegradable plastic decomposes in 3 to 6 months, how would Coca-Cola make they products last on store shelves and warehouses?

Biodegradable materials means it will break down due to bacteria and the like. Typically those are *anaerobic bacteria* which means they only exist somewhere there isn't oxygen. Like deep underground in landfills. Oxygen is toxic to those bacteria and will kill them. It won't be able issue anywhere you would expect to find drinkable coke.


Question: Why do materials loose their magnetic properties when they get hot?

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</answer>
 Why do materials loose their magnetic properties when they get hot?

Magnetism is caused by all he electrons in atoms being aligned in the same direction. In order for the atoms to line up properly, they need to be fairly still and stable. When you heat something up, the atoms get all excited and move around faster and more chaotically, thus making it hard for the electrons to line up properly. So bye bye magnetism.


Question: Why can't anyone reduce an air conditioner or refrigerator down to truly portable size?

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 Why can't anyone reduce an air conditioner or refrigerator down to truly portable size?

Are you talking about walking around with a personal A/C unit strapped to your back and keeping you cool while you move about your day? The main issue is the fact that you'd basically be conditioning the atmosphere around you and net no benefit. A/C units work because they take heat from one location and exhaust it in another (window unit sucks room air into the fins, transfers the heat the the refrigerant, the now cooled air is blown back into the room, and the hot refrigerant is then cooled by the outside air and the cycle repeats). If you don't have a closed environment to pump the cooled air into and a separate environment to pump the heated air into you're just spending energy for no net gain. In order to have a mobile, air conditioning unit that you can take around with you, you'd basically have to wear a suit that traps the cooled air against your body to benefit you.


Question: - Why does everyone hate Comic Sans?

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 - Why does everyone hate Comic Sans?

Partially because it's what everybody else does on the internet, but I think it originated with it being a juvenile-looking font being used in inappropriate contexts - company memos, advertisements, etc. Also, if I'm not mistaken, the font originated with that godawful Microsoft Bob operating system. That probably didn't do it any favours.


Question: Why can my scalp tolerate cold water much better than my stomach can?

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 Why can my scalp tolerate cold water much better than my stomach can?

Your body can only feel **changes** in temperature. Heat transfers faster when there is a higher difference in temperatures. Your hair helps insulate your scalp from the cold water. Not much cold water manages to touch your scalp and whatever water does, gets stuck to your scalp and the roots of your hairs. This layer of water will warm up with your body temperature and is difficult to "wash away". It's like a wetsuit for your scalp. Meanwhile, your stomach doesn't have the same protection. Whatever cold water hitting it will immediately get washed away by more cold water so your body will constantly lose heat, making you feel much colder. You only get "used" to it when the surface of your stomach chills enough so that you stop losing as much heat from the cold water.


Question: What is the whole point of calculus and how would you explain it to a five year old?

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 What is the whole point of calculus and how would you explain it to a five year old?

Math teacher here. While the previous comments explain aspects of calculus, the main point of calculus is to study change. The change of a "curvy thing" isn't always a "straight thing" it can actually also be a "curvy thing." The rainbow idea is a great example of an integral, but again only one aspect of what an integral can do. That being said, basic calculus can be split into two ideas: derivatives and integrals. Derivatives find the rate of change of the rate of change. Sometimes we use the word slope to describe rate of change. A derivative will tell you the rate at which the rate changes. For example, if given a function of the speed of an object, the derivative would tell you how fast your speed is increasing or decreasing. The second derivative tells you how fast the fastness of the increasing or decreasing speed is increasing or decreasing. You can go on and on, but it tells you, more or less, how change changes. Integrals can be thought of as the inverse or opposite of a derivative. If given the derivative of a function, the integral would give you (more or less, but the difference is basically inconsequential) the original function. It also does something interesting, it tells us the accumulation of a function. So if a function describes, say, how much concrete is being poured on to a sidewalk at any given moment, the integral of this function would tell you how much concrete has accumulated, or the total amount of concrete poured out at any moment. Many people mistakenly think that an integral only measures the area under a curve. While the integral does measure the area under the curve, it really tells us the accumulation of a function. Of course, calculus does much much more, but this is a basic explanation of the basics of calculus


Question: What is keeping the US from faster internet speeds and no data cap?

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 What is keeping the US from faster internet speeds and no data cap?

ISPs in the United States do not work in a standard competitive market, due to various reasons and government regulations/contracts most Americans only have 1 or 2 ISPs they can choose from. The best way possible for a company to make money is do the least amount of work possible while still maintaining customers. If you're an ISP running new lines is very expensive, you'd rather just have people use what you've already installed. If those customers don't have an option to switch ISPs then what's the incentive to spend more money on improving your product? All ISPs know that as soon as one of them makes a move to offer faster speeds in a certain market then their competitor will do the same in a different market and it'll be a race to install new lines which is very expensive. Because of this no one is making a move. Data caps are not really relevant to "rationing". Data lines don't work off of how much data get's put through them in terms of their life time. However they are limited to how fast and how much information goes through at once. If you pretend that we had floating cars that still had to hover over road ways (so you don't hit people) it would make sense that only 1,000 cars could fit on the road at once, but it wouldn't make sense to limit the weight of each car. It's floating how would the weight make any difference, it doesn't cause more congestion and doesn't harm the road way so why would you charge someone extra for it? They charge more because it makes more money.


Question: Why do our stomachs make noises? (ex: grumbling)

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 Why do our stomachs make noises? (ex: grumbling)

Our stomachs, when not digesting food, eat away at the mucus membrane lining our stomachs. It’s replaced fast enough for your stomach not to eat itself, but eating the mucus membrane lets off gas. That’s why you sometimes get gassy after you wake up or have not been eating for a while.


Question: Why are certain storms all rain and no thunder and others all thunder and no rain?

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 Why are certain storms all rain and no thunder and others all thunder and no rain?

I'm sure someone will be able to better explain this, but here we go: Weather can be categorized as "stable" or "unstable". This is based upon the amount of updrafts caused by hot air rising. So for example, thunderstorms are caused by huge amounts of hot, moist air rising, this in short causes static electricity to build up and then discharge as lightning. Conversely, stable air is usually found around cold fronts, so no updrafts, no static, no lightning, and typically only rain.


Question: why is kinetic energy proportional to the square of velocity, and not velocity itself?

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 why is kinetic energy proportional to the square of velocity, and not velocity itself?

It sound like you are good with the idea that if you push an object with a set force for twice as long of a time it will end up going twice as fast. Work isn't based on time though, it's based on distance. So, let's say you push an at rest object for 10 meters and get it going 4m/s. Then, you keep pushing it for another 10m. However, since it was already moving at 4m/s, it takes a lot less time to cover the second 10m than it did to cover the first 10m. As a result of this, there isn't enough time to speed up as much as happened during the first part. When you do the math, it works out that you would have to push it an additional 30m to double the speed and get it going 8m/s, and this additional 30m of pushing would take the same amount of time as it took to push it the first 10m. You have to push for twice as long to go twice as fast, bust since you are already moving as you start the second half of the pushing time, you end up pushing for a greater distance than during the first part. Work, to algebraic simplification, is Force x distance. The Kinetic Energy gained by the object you push is equal to the work you did in pushing it. To push an object from rest and get it going twice as fast, you had to push it four times as far, doing 4 times the work. Thus, the energy must depend on the square of the speed. & #x200B;


Question: How does a hard drive hold information even after being disconnected from a power source?

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 How does a hard drive hold information even after being disconnected from a power source?

Tiny sections of the disk are magnetized. By assigning 1 or 0 to a given polarity, binary data can be encoded onto the disk by magnetizing or not magnetizing given sections. Since this magnetization persists after it is performed it does not require an active power source. Basically, you're doing the equivalent of arranging a bunch of tiny bar magnets with the north pole pointed up or down. After they're pointed the way you want, you don't need any power to keep them that way.


Question: why is cold water on the skin uncomfortable, but drinking cold water is highly refreshing?

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 why is cold water on the skin uncomfortable, but drinking cold water is highly refreshing?

Depends on your definition of cold and personal preference. The only time I prefer cold water is when I'm exhausted and thirsty, usually from working out or something....at that point cold water helps cool me down and quench my thirst. Any other time I drink room temperature water and find it just as refreshing as what I consider cold water.