Question: Why does censoring the eyes make a person unrecognizable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does censoring the eyes make a person unrecognizable?

It doesn't. You can still recognize someone you know even when you can't see their eyes. If it were otherwise, all you'd need to be completely incognito is a pair of sunglasses. That said, obscuring the eyes can make it a bit more difficult for facial recognition software to identify a person. Eye color, shape, and the distance between the eyes are all important measurements used by facial recognition software.


Question: Why do production outfits ask bystanders to sign release forms for their faces to be shown, but vloggers don't have to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do production outfits ask bystanders to sign release forms for their faces to be shown, but vloggers don't have to?

Release forms aren't mandatory, they are a preventive measure production firms use to protect against lawsuits, monetary demands, etc. So it's not like there is some different law regarding the two video sources or that one has to do it and the other doesn't. Simply put Vloggers are still at a strange intersection between amateurism and professionalism. If you are in the youtube video of some start-up no-name vlogger you have the same rights available to protect your image as someone would have who appears in a tv show without having signed a release form. The big difference is, you wouldn't do anything about it most likely, because you are less likely to see it, you stand to gain much less in monetary damages, etc. So for small time vloggers (hobby photographers, etc.) getting release forms isn't really worth the hassle. In the worst case, you might be forced to take down your video. However as vloggers get bigger and their revenue increases they will have to professionalize their productions which include getting release forms to protect themselves legally.


Question: Why do our brains remember words to a song so easily, when it's much harder to remember spoken lines in scripts or poetry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Why do our brains remember words to a song so easily, when it's much harder to remember spoken lines in scripts or poetry?

We retain information more effectively when we process it using multiple parts of the brain, instead of just one. It's actually the same reason that people who take notes during classes often remember the material without needing to look at the notes again. When you're taking notes, your brain has to use both the verbal/linguistic (words) and spatial (hand motions) centres in the process of organising the information before you can write it down effectively, which helps you form memories. The same thing happens when you're listening to song lyrics, but instead of verbal/linguistic and spatial, it's verbal/linguistic and auditory (for the musical part). Your brain has to process both aspects, so you remember it in a more organised way. Source: [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) (approaches it from the note-taking angle, but includes a basic explanation)


Question: Why is talking via the phone prohibited while talking to someone that is physically in the car is not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is talking via the phone prohibited while talking to someone that is physically in the car is not?

Technically speaking, it is best to limit the amount of distractions in the car while driving, including chatty people. The issue with phones comes from the fact that it more than likely takes up a hand to operate, which severely impairs your ability to react to situations, and it can be a visual distraction as well, and at certain speeds, even a couple of seconds could mean the difference between crashing and avoiding an accident.


Question: Why do some animal mothers reject their young?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Why do some animal mothers reject their young?

Depends on the animal and the condition of it. & #x200B; If you are talking about something like spiders or fish that don't care for their young, its because they have so many at a time that having half or more die off isn't going to matter. Statistically speaking, several of those offspring will make it to adulthood and will reproduce. & #x200B; If you are talking about birds that push their babies out of the nest, this is to force them to learn how to fly or die so that natural selection takes place. If a bird that is unable to fly is allowed to reproduce, then it could cause later generations to not be able to fly, which would mean they are easier to hunt for their predators and would cause them to go extinct. It is because birds pushed their young out of the nest that allowed them to survive extinction. & #x200B; If you are talking about a specific case with an animal that usually cares for their young, it could be due to a defect that the young has that makes them not likely to survive. Thus, if the mother knows this, they won't waste their time and energy caring for it when it won't survive long enough to reproduce. & #x200B; If there is a specific animal you are talking about and I didn't quite answer it, just reply back to me and I'll see if I can explain it.


Question: What makes a piece of glass/mirror shatter into more pieces than another?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes a piece of glass/mirror shatter into more pieces than another?

Different crystal patterns in the molecular structure. The shockwave that causes it to shatter travels along the edges and causes them to separate at different intervals depending on how it's structured. Rocks for example have fault lines where each mineral attaches itself without much crystalization, so when a rock shatters it's very jagged and crumbly. Glass has a more uniform pattern and there for breaks along very long, fine edges, leading to large, straight, sharp pieces.


Question: Why can't our bodies run entirely off of stored fat? If our fat is stored energy, then why does an overweight person need to eat everyday when they already have so much stored energy.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't our bodies run entirely off of stored fat? If our fat is stored energy, then why does an overweight person need to eat everyday when they already have so much stored energy.

Your body can run almost entirely off of stored fat. It's called ketosis,and some people actually induce it on purpose as a part of their diet. It's apparently pretty difficult in the transition period, because the body needs some time getting used to it. You can use fats as fuel directly for your muscles, but the brain can't run off of fat. In the case of a 0-carbohydrate diet, your body starts converting fat into ketone bodies, which, although not optimal, can fuel the brain.


Question: Why is everyone so angry about the Senate passing the resolution to let ISPs sell our internet history now, rather than years ago?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is everyone so angry about the Senate passing the resolution to let ISPs sell our internet history now, rather than years ago?

People are slowly recognizing that individual privacy is being destroyed and that more and more people are figuring out that our laws are way behind in term of internet privacy. Basically, the erosion of privacy is reaching a ultimate point where the population is starting to be really concerned about it.


Question: why do houseflies get stuck in a closed window when an open window is right beside them? Do they have bad vision?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do houseflies get stuck in a closed window when an open window is right beside them? Do they have bad vision?

Flies have very simple brains. Through their evolution it has been enough to fly towards light; then along came us tricky humans and put transparent glass in their way. In a similar situation we can observe, learn and devise a strategy to escape. Flies can't, so this is less an issue of vision and more one of brainpower.


Question: If lead is a culminative toxin, "there is no safe threshold/amount of lead exposure," and exposure can lead to irreversible tissue/organ/brain damage, why is it so prevalent everywhere, especially in our food? Why aren't we making more of an effort to remove it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 If lead is a culminative toxin, "there is no safe threshold/amount of lead exposure," and exposure can lead to irreversible tissue/organ/brain damage, why is it so prevalent everywhere, especially in our food? Why aren't we making more of an effort to remove it?

Lead exposure isn’t a problem for the average person. It doesn’t get inside you just from being around it. You have to breathe in lead particles. Kids didn’t get lead poisoning from eating lead paint bc they were poor and hungry, it was the lead dust that was created by chipped lead paint, which was often used - and not maintained - in public housing. Kids would chip and peel the old paint, and breathe in the released lead dust/particles. I had to wear a respirator when I worked in stained glass because we use lead solder. Melting it with a soldering iron produces smoke, which contains lead particles. Breathe enough of that in, get dumb. (Also why leaded gas isn’t sold in the US anymore.) The groups in those studies worked with or around lead.


Question: Is it okay to leave your phone (or other electronics thay require charge) plugged in and charged overnight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
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 Is it okay to leave your phone (or other electronics thay require charge) plugged in and charged overnight?

No, it actually prolongs the life of the battery. Once the battery is full, the charge circuit will cut power to it and not charge it again until the battery voltage drops by some amount. However, while your phone is plugged in, modern phones will not draw any power from the battery and rely purely on the external power. This basically means your battery is not being drained for those remaining hours. Battery lifespans are typically measured in the number of full charge-discharge cycles, so by keeping your phone on charge for a few extra hours a day, you're saving those hours from the lifespan of the battery.


Question: How does glass shatter when run under super hot water or in a dishwasher?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does glass shatter when run under super hot water or in a dishwasher?

When things heat up, they expand. This is true for most types of glass†. When you heat something up unevenly, the heat can bend/warp it. Glass no likey bending. The resulting stress can cause the glass to break. † Yes, they make special borosilicate glass with very low coefficient of thermal expansion, but I presume the OP is talking about ordinary glass.


Question: How do fans cool you down if they blow air at the same temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do fans cool you down if they blow air at the same temperature?

There are two things going on with this process. 1) your body is giving off heat all the time to the environment, when a fan is blowing air across your skin you give off heat faster and feel cooler. 2) the air in the environment is actually getting warmer, this happens faster when a fan is running but in an enclosed room, given enough time, you will hit equilibrium. When that happens the fan will not do much for you. Living in Florida it does feel that way in the summer time.


Question: if large atoms are caused by exploding stars in space, how can we find them here?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 if large atoms are caused by exploding stars in space, how can we find them here?

Earth has existed for only about a third of the age of the universe. The two thirds before that was full of stars living, dying, exploding, and seeding the births of new solar systems, including ours. The matter that coalesced into our Sun and its planets (and other nearby star systems) was seeded by a supernova from an earlier star generation, and thus has a higher proportion of heavier elements.


Question: How does ear pressure equilibrium work when you take a plane?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does ear pressure equilibrium work when you take a plane?

Inside the ear is the tympanic membrane that vibrates in response to sound. It also divides the ear in the middle and outer parts. Air in the outer ear is directly connected to the environment, while air in the middle ear is connected to the top of the throat by the Eustachian tube. This helps keep the middle ear at the same pressure as the outer ear. There is also mucus at the throat end of the Eustachian tube that mostly closes the tube. When you're on the plane, the cabin pressure is lowered. Because the middle ear is kinda blocked off at the throat, the air inside has the higher atmospheric pressure, causing the pain. Yawning, swallowing, or moving your jaw in general, can open the Eustachian tube long enough for the pressure to quickly equilibriate. In your scenario, the heat didn't make the pressure go back to normal, time did. However, hot air expands and exerts a higher pressure, and by putting the cups over your ears, you're putting higher pressure air over the ears to match the pressure in the Eustachian tube and relieve the pain long enough for it to naturally match the outside pressure.


Question: What is the significance of the domain .io and how does it differ from the other domains such as .com and .org?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the significance of the domain .io and how does it differ from the other domains such as .com and .org?

it's the TLD (top level domain) of the British Territory in the ***I***ndian ***O***cean. Since those domains are cheap and gained some notoriety with webgames, web-dev demos and utilities ( URL_0 is great!), they're used for novelty stuff a lot. the I/O (input-output) abbreviation comes to mind too, also nice play with URL_1 .


Question: - Caffeine doesn’t seem to work on me. Why is that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Caffeine doesn’t seem to work on me. Why is that?

A common misconception about caffeine, it doesn't actually give you energy. Caffeine blocks certain transmitters in our brains that are usually activated by another molecule. When ATP molecules set off those transmitters, it tells our brain to slow down neuron activity which is us getting tired, when we sleep, an enzyme will break down those molecules. Caffeine will block the transmitters but not activate them so our brain is getting less tired signals so you don't get more tired. The enzymes do break down someone of the ATP molecules while caffeine is doing its thing, but it isn't enough to counter the production. If you have sugar in your caffeinated beverage its a different story.


Question: how do flavored waters have flavor added to them, but no sugar, sodium, etc, is added with the flavor?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do flavored waters have flavor added to them, but no sugar, sodium, etc, is added with the flavor?

Usually, flavors are given by [essential oils]( URL_0 ), which can be extracted from various fruits, and usually only require a very small dose to give the "flavor". As far as "no sugar" added, your body uses glucose for energy, and can digest fructose, lactose, and other natural sugars (can transform them into glucose in the blood). There are "artificial sweeteners", for example [sucralose]( URL_1 ), that are sensed by your taste buds as "sweet" but the liver can't decompose them to sugar (completely different molecule), so you don't get the calories. Calories are a measurement of "what your body can digest." Foods can be labeled 0 calories or 0 sugars if they don't contain sugars that your body can digest. They contain artificial sweeteners, your body can't digest them. As far as "no sodium", NaCl (sodium chloride) is the basic salt, but there's also KCl (potassium chloride), also tastes very salty, and can raise your blood pressure quite a bit. And there can be other salts, again, taste salty but no sodium.


Question: How does the embezzlement scheme in the movie/musical ‘The Producers’ work?

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 How does the embezzlement scheme in the movie/musical ‘The Producers’ work?

Say it costs $100k to put on a show. I borrow that from an investor promising them 50% of the profits. So if I make $200k they get their $100k back and $50k as their profit share. That’s a great return. But if I make $0, they get nothing back but can write off that loss so pay less taxes elsewhere. So they won’t whinge too much and the IRS accepts the tax write off. Now- say I offer the same deal to 10 different investors. The show still only costs $100k to put on so I’ve just made $900k. When I then tell each of the 10 that I made no money, they each shrug and write it off to tax. The problem is that each investor isn’t told about the others so they’re all expecting $50k in my $200k profits because the show is a success. So now I owe them all their 100k, plus another $500k for the profits out of my $200k. I’m $400k in the hole (as I still also have to pay for the show to be put on) and I only get deeper the more successful the show becomes. (Edit: typed 59 rather than 50 in para 2.)


Question: What are some examples of 'gaslighting'?

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 What are some examples of 'gaslighting'?

Let's say that you and your girlfriend live in an apartment together. And she keeps hiding your car keys in different places, but every time you call her on it, she's all "No, don't you remember putting it there? It's been there all along. Are you sure you're remembering things okay?" And the more she does that, the more you doubt yourself. Maybe you are just being forgetful. Like, why would your girlfriend lie to you about your keys? Eventually, she's convinced you that you can't trust your own memories. The term comes from a 1938 play, "Gaslight" where a husband psychologically manipulates his wife this way.


Question: Why isn't the bottom of a lake packed in from the weight of the water above?

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 Why isn't the bottom of a lake packed in from the weight of the water above?

Dirt, sand, rocks and organic matter is all porous so it lets water through. So the water that pushes down on the sediments is going straight through it creating pressure under it. This pushes up with an equal force that it is pushed down and therefore it does not get packed. It takes a lot of sediments and rock in order to be relatively watertight so the weight of the water is distributed over a lot of rock under the lake. So eventually it will compress and pack the material but not at the top.


Question: Why do artificial sweeteners leave that weird taste in your mouth and why can’t they be engineered not to?

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 Why do artificial sweeteners leave that weird taste in your mouth and why can’t they be engineered not to?

I'm not well versed in the actual chemical properties of specific artificial sweeteners, so hopefully someone else will be able to give details. Luckily I have about the same understanding about this that a 6 year old might, so I think I'm qualified to explain it to a 5 year old. Artificial sweeteners are chemicals that just happen to stimulate the same taste receptors on out tongues that developed as evolutionary traits to detect sugars in food. The weird taste is the fundamental flavor of that compound. We identify it as weird because its effectively a non-food that is added to our food in order to trick our taste receptors into thinking it's sweet, and therefore sugary and delicious. There are alot of other compounds that taste sweet (I believe that lead may be one) but they are far too toxic to use in foods. The companies that make these artificial sweeteners selected the compounds which were found to be nontoxic which had the most sweetness and the subtlest "weird" hints to it. I'm sure that a truly sugary tasting, or neutral artificial sweetener is considered to be some sort of "holy grail" in food science circles.


Question: Why/how does China make their currency cheap? Wouldn't everyone else just catch on and give it a real value?

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 Why/how does China make their currency cheap? Wouldn't everyone else just catch on and give it a real value?

Right, lots of misinformation here. Listen up, here’s the truth. The valuation of a currency depends on its demand and supply. China has a closed monetary system which prevents cash from easily entering or leaving the system. They have significant control over RMB supply in the global forex market. The supply is completely fixed at whatever price level the Chinese government says is ok (ie a horizontal supply curve, for those who studied economics) If you wanted to “catch on” and buy tons of RMB at a “discount”, the Chinese government would just put more RMB into the market, nullifying the price rise. The amazing thing is because they have such strong monetary control, the negative drawbacks from currency devaluation (mainly inflation) have no effect domestically. The domestic and global market are totally separated.


Question: If every spider in the world just vanished without a trace, how long would it take for humanity to feel the impacts? Would society collapse or be threatened at all?

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 If every spider in the world just vanished without a trace, how long would it take for humanity to feel the impacts? Would society collapse or be threatened at all?

Some pests will see an increase in number, that or an explosion of other prey animals would occur to fill that ecological nitche. A few spider eating birds would suffer if they can't adapt to a new food, which might result in whatever species the birds adapt to take a hit. I don't think society will collapse, but the environment would have a challenge.


Question: What does it mean when it's said that a country has a strong economy ?

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 What does it mean when it's said that a country has a strong economy ?

The term "strong economy" doesn't have a technical meaning. The simplest interpretation is that a "strong economy" is one where the total production of goods and services is growing quickly. This is usually quoted as GDP growth. There can be many other interpretations of strength - unemployment, inflation, productivity, diversity of economic activity, growth of exports etc etc. In itself, without context, the term "strong economy" is like calling someone a "strong person", it has no absolute meaning.


Question: What is an api and what are restful api's ?

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 What is an api and what are restful api's ?

API = Application Programming Interface. It's basically just a set of methods and properties in some software (usually someone else's software) that you can call or request to do stuff using your own software. REST = REpresentational State Transfer. REST or RESTful web services are a common way of accessing an online API. You make a request to a certain URL with a certain set of parameters and it will send you back some information. It is a "representational state" because it returns the current "state" of the data you requested, and if you make another request it doesn't remember you, your previous connections, requests, or responses. It just does what you ask in the current request.


Question: How does the US print increased amounts of cash but not face high rates of inflation?

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 How does the US print increased amounts of cash but not face high rates of inflation?

Demand is not high enough. Inflation is not simply a supply-side issue, there are both supply and demand involved. There is no shortage of people who worry about inflation at the Federal Reserve. If inflation every got above a couple percent, they hike interest rates up. But as long as inflation is very low, they'll simply supply the economy with as much money as it needs.


Question: Why do fire alarms ring in 3s?

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 Why do fire alarms ring in 3s?

The Temporal-Three alarm signal (a.k.a T-3) pattern is a standard pattern used by alarm manufacturers. It is one of the alarm patterns that is designed to let people know what type of emergency there is. T-3 (three alarm sounds followed by one silent count) is the standard signal for "Fire in the building". There are other standard alarms as well. For example, T-4 (4 alarm sounds followed by one silent count) is the standard for Carbon Monoxide alarms.


Question: Why is there a difference between 'growers' and 'showers'?

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 Why is there a difference between 'growers' and 'showers'?

Think of slinkys. The growers, while flaccid, are similar to a compressed slinky. There is more room to stretch it out. The showers, while flaccid, are similar to an outstretched slinky. There isn't a lot of room to stretch it out. Only instead of slinkys, it's collagen fibers in the penis.


Question: what's the difference between shampoo and shampoo body wash mix?

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 what's the difference between shampoo and shampoo body wash mix?

Copy Pasta from 3 years ago when something very similar was asked. Question credit goes to: /u/alexjo1996 Answer credit goes to: /u/jlking3 --------------- Shampoo and body wash can actually be interchangeable, as anyone in an emergency situation knows. There's a slightly different pH required for both, but our bodies are quite adaptable, so using the more acidic of the two for both is acceptable, especially for the short time the detergent is on our skin and how rapidly it is rinsed away. Combination shampoo-body washes tend to be made a little thinner than a standalone body wash, so that helps things rinse away well. The combination shampoo-conditioners don't condition your hair in the same way that regular conditioners do (which is by replacing oils that the detergent strips away). Combination shampoo-conditioners work on the notion that certain very acidic shampoo formulas leave the cuticle of the hair smoothed down instead of fluffed up. This smoothness feels like there have been oils or waxes added to the hair, but that actually hasn't happened. It just feels that way. (To feel your hair cuticles fluffed up instead of smoothed down, use plain bar soap to wash your hair. It's not pleasant, and is only bearable if you have your hair cut with clippers on the #1 (1/8" or 3mm) setting.) Shampoo-conditioner combinations are just the shampoos that happen to leave the hair feeling so soft that you won't feel it necessary to add oils or waxes for a softer feeling. It's possible, as one other poster mentioned, to capsule-ize the conditioner into something that doesn't burst open until the hair is rinsed, but there are a lot of unknown factors that make this approach less useful. The most important of these is that the time the shampoo is in the hair and scalp is an unknown entity. Some people shampoo up their hair first thing in the shower and don't rinse it off until the end of the shower. Others shampoo and rinse at the very end. If you wait too long after lathering, the capsultes are likely to break open long before the rinsing. If you shampoo and rinse very quickly, then the capsules may not have time to break, and will just be rinsed away with the rest of the shampoo. People with exceptionally dry hair will benefit from a shampoo-conditioner combo followed by a conditioning treatment. The "built-in" conditioner is actually just a slightly lower pH than other shampoos. Dishwashing detergent not labeled for hand soap purposes is not as acidic, and the surfactants tend to be stronger, and so it makes for a more irritating body wash and shampoo. One exception to that: Liquid Octagon used to promote itself as an everyday/everything soap: from people to clothes to dishes to pets to floors. It didn't really do a great job on any of them, but it did a passable/barely-acceptable job on everything.


Question: How do people feel financially secure and wealthy with stock investment if they don't have any feasible money until the stock is sold, if it ever is?

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 How do people feel financially secure and wealthy with stock investment if they don't have any feasible money until the stock is sold, if it ever is?

Because the stock is relatively liquid, i.e. it can be sold any day the stock market is open. Also, the value of the stock can be tracked easily by checking the market quotes. Although there is downside risk, long term investment in (good) stocks is almost always more lucrative than leaving it in cash, which is subject to inflation (you can buy less with $10,000 today than you could just a few years ago).


Question: How is it determined if a new pharmaceutical will be prescription based or over the counter?

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 How is it determined if a new pharmaceutical will be prescription based or over the counter?

The effective dose of a medication, the amount that works, has to be relatively far away from the lethal dose. In addition to that it has to have minimal side effects at the effective dose. A good example is Tylenol. The effective dose is 500mg, a lethal dose for a 200 pound person is something like 11000mg. It's almost impossible to accidentally overdose on Tylenol (I say almost because it has happened before). In addition to that it has to have consistent, minimal side effects. Hydroxychloroquine (the medication Trump believes fights covid) has a wide gap between effective and lethal dosing in most people but in some it causes a heart attack. The heart attack can be prevented with a simple test that can be done in any ER but the results have to be interpreted by a healthcare provider. So it's not safe until a doctor has cleared you so it can't be sold over the counter. To recap: Dose that works has to be a lot less than the dose that kills you and the side effects have to be minimal for the majority of people.


Question: Which files does an antivirus software scan when doing a "quick scan"? Why are those most likely to be infected?

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 Which files does an antivirus software scan when doing a "quick scan"? Why are those most likely to be infected?

For a virus to do its job it has to be running on your computer not just sitting on the harddrive like a book on the shelf. Sort of like all the open books on your school desk. So a quick scan just needs to scan all the running programs in the computers memory and "almost" avoid the harddrive. It ignores the library books and just scans the open books that are on your desk that you are using.


Question: If mitochondria are small even through microscopes, how do we know how they work?? How do we "know" how body cells function??

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 If mitochondria are small even through microscopes, how do we know how they work?? How do we "know" how body cells function??

Much of what we know about cells comes from a) direct observation under electron microscopy and b) knock-out mutations/disease in people and animal subjects. Some structures we can see under electron microscopes, and we have a saying in physiology of “form follows function.” Basically, the way something looks can inform what it does. So we look at mitochondria and see the double membranes, and then we make hypotheses. What’s the double membrane for? Is it for energy production? (It is—it’s for the electron transport chain) Then we look at what happens if there are no mitochondria at all. What happens to the cells? If they don’t have mitochondria, they don’t seem to make any energy, and they die. Some people have mitochondrial disorders, too, and what happens in their bodies can inform us of what the purpose of the structure is. Finally, animal experiments where genes are artificially silenced or enhanced can prove or disprove our hypotheses. Biochemistry can be frustrating because we don’t normally see exactly what is going on. We have to use surrogates sometimes to make a theory about what is happening, and—when it comes to physiology—sometimes when something goes wrong, we can try to find what is missing and determine the function from there.


Question: Why does alarm clock snooze only do 9 minutes and not 10?

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 Why does alarm clock snooze only do 9 minutes and not 10?

So according to a quick google: initially it was to do with clock gears and being unable to make it longer than this when the initial engineering of the snooze button back in the 1950s. There is also a widespread belief (not entirely unfounded) that 10 minutes is too long and you’ll start to drift back to sleep. However modern alarms are on our phones and I believe Apple has done it to pay homage to the history of the snooze rather than anything else. Personally I’d like the ability to change it but whatever


Question: why when something is very clean, it can be “squeaky” clean? Why is it squeaky?

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 why when something is very clean, it can be “squeaky” clean? Why is it squeaky?

The phrase dates back to the 1930s when hair shampoo that was much more harsh and less moisturizing than shampoos are today. That shampoo effectively stripped all the natural oils out of the hair, and when it was completely rinsed the hair would actually make squeaking sounds when rubbed between the fingers. This was erroneously thought to be an indication that the hair was appropriately clean, and in advertisements and high school health and hygiene classes, people were encouraged to wash and rinse until they achieved the “squeaky clean” result. Shampoos today are better balanced, and it’s understood that the natural oils are important and shouldn’t ever be stripped, but the phenomenon can still be experienced by people with normal or dry hair if they erroneously use a shampoo for oily hair.


Question: How did it become common for bedrooms to be on the second floor of a house?

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 How did it become common for bedrooms to be on the second floor of a house?

Because bedrooms are considered more private, personal space compared to the places where one might more regularly entertain guests... so your public spaces are more easily accessibly on the main entrance level, while the bedrooms are further away. Additionally, hard surface flooring is more common in public areas like kitchens, dining rooms and living rooms, and people walking on those would make more noise on ceiling of rooms below, making bedrooms impractical if below a kitchen and trying to get kids to sleep.


Question: Can someone explain what a six figure income is please? I read it everywhere on the internet that people have a six figure job and that it's not enough to get around and stuff, but like holy sh... $100.000+ a year? Is that a normal income in the US?

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 Can someone explain what a six figure income is please? I read it everywhere on the internet that people have a six figure job and that it's not enough to get around and stuff, but like holy sh... $100.000+ a year? Is that a normal income in the US?

A six-figure income could be anything from $100,000 a year to $999,999 a year, but of course most of them will be at the low end of that range. Here's some data I found on average income by state. $100,000 isn't normal - it's about 30% above average in DC, and it's more than twice the national average. It's almost triple the lowest state average, in Mississippi ($35,444). URL_2 Scroll down here, to the table on *Personal income by educational attainment* - according to that, average income doesn't crack six digits unless you have an advanced degree. URL_0 . I wanted to find distributions or standard deviations and didn't have much luck - there's gotta be a Department of Labor Statistics, or something, where those numbers have been well crunched. It's also important to look at these numbers side by side with cost of living. There are places (Virginia) where $40,000 a year can be enough, and there are places (Manhattan) where the average *apartment* is $45,480 a year. URL_1


Question: Is the moon necessary for Earth’s survival? What would life be like if we didn’t have the moon?

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 Is the moon necessary for Earth’s survival? What would life be like if we didn’t have the moon?

The moon was very important for the creation of land-based life. Tides are caused by the moon rotating around us, and having patches of land that keep changing between submerged and dry helped develop the earliest versions of amphibians. This provided an important stepping stone towards permanently land-based flora and fauna.


Question: With the science we have today, if someone set themselves to building a T-800 Terminator like in James Cameron's 1984 movie, would it be realistically feasible? If not, what scientific knowledge/techniques are we still missing?

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 With the science we have today, if someone set themselves to building a T-800 Terminator like in James Cameron's 1984 movie, would it be realistically feasible? If not, what scientific knowledge/techniques are we still missing?

Protecting the power supply is the biggest issue The amount of batteries required to power a frame capable of the tasks would be excessive. That's why the Boston dynamics bots have their backpack looking compartments. Robots like Atlas already exist, but would go down about as easily as a regular soldier.


Question: how and why do humans age if cells reproduce?

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 how and why do humans age if cells reproduce?

As time goes on the basic building blocks start to break down, and so the cells don't quite copy just right. Imagine that you make 1 perfect drawing but have to destroy it at the end of the day. You'll need it again tomorrow though, so you make a copy. You repeat this daily. A few years in you spill a little coffee on today's copy, so from here on out every day there's that coffee stain. Then at some point a kid makes a little doodle on it, and boom, now there's that daily doodle. Eventually you'll be working with a smudged-all-to-crap copy of a copy of a copy that is a pale imitation of the original.


Question: Where does money come from?

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 Where does money come from?

Money serves as a proxy for the abstract concept of "value". If you "value" coffee a quantity of money represents _how much_ you value it. Money then depends on a few things: 1. Trust in it. E.G. both buyers and sellers must believe that it represents value and can be exchanged for value. Typically this trust is provided by governments, but open technologies like blockchain provide other mechanisms of this trust. 2. Ability to transact with it. A money is not very useful if it can't be spent. This is why elephants make a lousy currency. 3. Being durable. Money serves us well when it _holds_ value, not just represents it. E.G. flowers are a lousy currency since they die quickly. About 10% of the US currency that exists exists in physical form. The rest is digital only. The treasury issues moneys (often by buying things, or lending it out). We then simply trust that it's valuable, although it's value changes as it is itself a commodity who ultimately gets its value from what people are willing to trade for it.


Question: When you cut something in half, what happens to the stuff in the middle? Does it fall off or is it destroyed? Or has it just been pushed to either side?

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 When you cut something in half, what happens to the stuff in the middle? Does it fall off or is it destroyed? Or has it just been pushed to either side?

short answer: it depends. things are made of atoms. atoms are extremely small. atoms bond together in different ways to make up hard objects. some of the ways they bond are strong, and some are weaker. when you cut something it breaks some of these weaker bonds and separates the atoms. & #x200B; so the stuff in the middle usually ends up on either side, like when you cut with a knife, or winds up as sawdust or powder when you cut with a saw.


Question: How are sports broadcasters able to pull accurate and very oddly specific stats instantly about what has happened on screen?

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 How are sports broadcasters able to pull accurate and very oddly specific stats instantly about what has happened on screen?

They have a pretty significant (and good!) research team working for them behind the scenes before and during the game that feed them this type of info. They also have lists of players, stats, and all sorts of stuff sitting in front of them in paper and on computers to give them all types of info when events occur


Question: Why does earth's gravity cause us to be dragged to the earth's surface, and why does the gravitation of the sun not cause the celestial bodies to be swallowed by the sun through it's gravity?

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 Why does earth's gravity cause us to be dragged to the earth's surface, and why does the gravitation of the sun not cause the celestial bodies to be swallowed by the sun through it's gravity?

Did you ever realise how strong you are? The reality is that the earth’s gravity *does* drag us down every moment of every day ... it’s just that gravity is pretty darn weak compared to other forces (like magnets). We know it’s pulling us down, because otherwise we’d fly off into space. So while we are standing up the muscles in our legs and stomach are strong enough to counter-act the earth’s gravity — so good news! You are stronger than the earth... at least as far as it’s gravity goes. When it comes to the sun - it is also pulling all the planets in towards it and they are falling into it! But imagine this... What happens when you throw a ball to someone? Basically it goes from you to them, and it curves down towards the earth (due to gravity). What do you think would happen if you were super man , and you could throw the ball really, really fast? Could you throw it so fast that it while it fell towards the ground it was traveling far enough forward that the curve of the earth meant it never managed to hit the ground? The ball would go all the way around the world. Now that’s what the planets are doing when they orbit the sun ... going so fast that as they fall towards it but they never ‘get there’ Unfortunately, super man isn’t able to actually throw a ball around the earth, because the air slows it down too much, but luckily, there isn’t any air in space, so planets that orbit the sun keep going.


Question: Why is the shape of the cosmic microwave background oval ?

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 Why is the shape of the cosmic microwave background oval ?

For the same reason that [this map of the world]( URL_0 ) is an oval. Ideally you'd represent it as a sphere. To represent it in 2D you have to choose a projection, in the same way as you have to choose a projection to make a 2D map of the world. The usual image of the CMB uses the Mollweide projection, which produces an oval like that world map.


Question: how do movie directors find such perfect locations? What's the process they use for finding the perfect location for their shots? Who except the director is involved in this process?

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 how do movie directors find such perfect locations? What's the process they use for finding the perfect location for their shots? Who except the director is involved in this process?

The person who looks for locations is called a Location Scout. The director might tell them something like "I need a place that can be set up to look like a 1950s diner. Find some restaurants, ask if they're interested and offer them $X to use their place for a few days." If they want to use outdoor locations, they may have to ask the city for permission and pay for a permit to shut down traffic or block access to a sidewalk for a few hours.


Question: what happens to animals who live in the ocean beneath where a hurricane is?

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 what happens to animals who live in the ocean beneath where a hurricane is?

Well, CaptainInertia, its like when you make splashies in the tub. The top is all wavy but under its not as craaazy. You can feel it on your toes though, can't ya? Well, your toesies are the fish deep down and your fingers are like the fishes at the top. *edit* thanks for the gold! And I have to say I didn't expect this to blow up! As for the comment breaking rule number 4, I joined ELI5 when it was first created, I don't think I even knew you can't explain like a literal 5 year old. Sorry mods.