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src/registry.py

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+"""
+Model registry — @register decorator pattern.
+
+Adding a new model = 1 file in backbones/, decorated with @register("name").
+Training, ensemble, and inference code never import specific models.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+_BACKBONE_REGISTRY: dict[str, type[nn.Module]] = {}
+
+
+def register(name: str):
+    """Decorator to register a backbone class by name."""
+    def decorator(cls: type[nn.Module]) -> type[nn.Module]:
+        if name in _BACKBONE_REGISTRY:
+            raise ValueError(f"Backbone '{name}' already registered")
+        _BACKBONE_REGISTRY[name] = cls
+        return cls
+    return decorator
+
+
+def get_backbone(name: str, **kwargs) -> nn.Module:
+    """Instantiate a registered backbone by name."""
+    if name not in _BACKBONE_REGISTRY:
+        available = ", ".join(sorted(_BACKBONE_REGISTRY.keys()))
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown backbone '{name}'. Available: {available}")
+    return _BACKBONE_REGISTRY[name](**kwargs)
+
+
+def list_backbones() -> list[str]:
+    """Return names of all registered backbones."""
+    return sorted(_BACKBONE_REGISTRY.keys())