Question: who is the president of international cricket council

List of International Cricket Council presidents
unconstitutionally as he was barred from handing out the champion Trophy to Australia in the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup. - Zaheer Abbas served as the last president of ICC. In 2016 the position of the president of ICC was abolished. - Now Chairman and CEO are head of the council. Present CEO is Manu Sawhney and present chairman is Shashank Manohar.

Chairman of the International Cricket Council
The Chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the governing body of world cricket. The position was established in 2014 after a revamp of the management of ICC. The president heads the ICC board of directors.Earlier, the ICC president headed the council but it has become a largely honorary position since the changes pushed through to the ICC constitution in 2014 handed control to the so-called 'Big Three' of English Cricket Board, Board of Control for Cricket in India and Cricket Australia. Former BCCI president N. Srinivasan became the first chairman of ICC on 26 June 2014. External links. - Official website of the ICC

International Cricket Council
and other changes were made to the ICC constitution in 2014. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the so-called 'Big Three' nations of England, India and Australia. The last ICC president was Zaheer Abbas, who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of Mustafa Kamal in April 2015. The post of ICC president was abolished in April 2016 and Shashank Manohar who replaced Mr. Srinivasan in October 2015 became the first independent chairman of the ICC since then.ref

Alan Isaac
Alan Raymond Isaac (born 20 January 1952) is a New Zealand businessman, cricket administrator and former player. Early life and education. Born in Wellington on 20 January 1952, Isaac was educated at Onslow College and Victoria University of Wellington. He graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce and Administration from Victoria in 1974. Cricket. A left-handed batsman, Isaac represented Wellington at age-group level, and captained the Wellington second team for three years. However, it has been as a cricket administrator that he has gained prominence. He became president of New Zealand Cricket in 2008, and succeeded Sharad Pawar, former president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, as president of the International Cricket Council in 2012. Business career. Isaac had a 35-year career with KPMG in New

International Cricket Council
matches, One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals. It promulgates the ICC Code of Conduct, which sets professional standards of discipline for international cricket, and also co-ordinates action against corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU). The ICC does not control bilateral fixtures between member countries (which include all Test matches), it does not govern domestic cricket in member countries, and it does not make the laws of the game, which remain under the control of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The Chairman heads the board of directors and on 26 June 2014, N. Srinivasan, the former president of BCCI, was announced as the first chairman of the council. The role of ICC president has become a largely honorary position since the establishment of the chairman role

The position of President of the International Cricket Council (ICC) was abolished in 2016. The current head of the ICC is the Chairman and CEO, with Shashank Manohar as the Chairman and Manu Sawhney as the CEO.

Answer: The position of the president of the International Cricket Council (ICC) was abolished in April 2016. The current heads of the council are the Chairman, Shashank Manohar, and the CEO, Manu Sawhney.


Question: The competition where Luan Zhili had a personal best throw of 63.43 metres was held where?

Luan Zhili
Luan Zhili (born 6 January 1973) is a female discus thrower from PR China. She finished ninth at the 1997 World Championships and won the 1998 Asian Games, the latter in a personal best throw of 63.43 metres. The Chinese, and Asian, record is currently held by Xiao Yanling with 71.68 metres. External links. br

Sun Pengxiang
Sun Pengxiang (born 16 January 1991) is a Paralympian athlete from China competing mainly in F41 classification throwing events. Athletics career. Sun first represented China at a major international during the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships in Doha, entering the shot put and javelin throw events. He finished fifth in the shot put, but finished on the podium in the javelin, throwing a new world record with a distance of 43.67 metes to take the gold medal. The following year he qualified for his first Paralympic Games, representing his country in the javelin at Rio de Janeiro. Sun was unable to replicate the form he had shown in Doha, but his best throw of 41.81 was enough to win him the bronze medal.

Ma Miaolan
Ma Miaolan (; born January 18, 1970) is a retired Chinese heptathlete. On August 9, 1993 in Beijing, she set the Chinese record with a score of 6750 points. Her achievements in sport earned her the nickname "Asia's Iron Woman" (亚洲女铁人). A native of Dongyang, Zhejiang, after her retirement she married table tennis athlete Chen Jian (陈健). , the couple lived in Jinhua, and have one son (born c. 1994).

Lu Ying-chi
Lu Ying-chi (; born 6 April 1985 in Pingtung County, Taiwan) is a female weightlifter from Taiwan. At the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships she ranked 8th in the 63 kg category with a total of 215 kg. She won the bronze medal in the 63 kg category at the 2008 Summer Olympics, with 231 kg in total. External links. - at beijing2008 - picture at 2008 Summer Olympics

Wushu at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's sanda 65 kg
The men's sanda 65 kilograms competition at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia was held from 20 August to 23 August at the JIExpo Kemayoran Hall B3. A total of fourteen competitors from fourteen different countries competed in this event, limited to fighters whose body weight was less than 65 kilograms. Li Mengfan from China won the gold medal after beating Faroud Zafari of Iran in gold medal bout 2–0, Li won both rounds by the same score of 5–0 The bronze medal was shared by Narender Grewal from India and Khalid Hotak of Afghanistan. Hoàng Văn Cao from Vietnam, Akmal Rakhimov from Uzbekistan, Damxoumphone Khieosavath from Laos and Park Seung-mo from South Korea shared the fifth place. Athletes from Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Philippines, Pakistan, Nepal and Thailand

The competition where Luan Zhili had a personal best throw of 63.43 metres was the 1998 Asian Games.

Answer: The Asian Games were held in 1998 and Luan Zhili had her personal best throw of 63.43 metres in that competition. Therefore, the Asian Games were the answer to the question.


Question: In the USA, how many of whom need to approve of something before it being considered a treaty?

Ratification
is a co-ordinated effort between the Executive branch and the Senate. The President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it. Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause. While the House of Representatives does not vote on it at all, the requirement for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification makes it considerably more difficult to rally enough political support for international treaties. Also, if implementation of the treaty requires the expenditure of funds, the House of Representatives may be able to block or at least impede such implementation by refusing to vote for the appropriation

Treaty Clause
The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. One of three types of international accord. The body of law governing U.S. foreign policy recognizes three mechanisms by which the United States enters into binding international obligations. The term "treaty" is used in a more restricted legal sense than in international law. U.S. law distinguishes what it calls "treaties" from "congressional-executive agreements" and "executive agreements". All three classes are considered treaties under international law;

Foreign policy of the United States
policy positions, which sometimes are at odds with Trump, include: Law. In the United States, there are three types of treaty-related law: - Treaties are formal written agreements specified by the Treaty Clause of the Constitution. The President makes a treaty with foreign powers, but then the proposed treaty must be ratified by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. For example, President Wilson proposed the Treaty of Versailles after World War I after consulting with allied powers, but this treaty was rejected by the Senate; as a result, the U.S. subsequently made separate agreements with different nations. While most international law has a broader interpretation of the term "treaty", the U.S. sense of the term is more restricted. In "Missouri v. Holland", the Supreme Court ruled that the

Treaty Clause
are often ratified by the treaty mechanism. At the same time, trade agreements (such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and the United States accession to the World Trade Organization) are generally voted on as a congressional-executive agreement, and such agreements typically include an explicit right to withdraw after giving sufficient written notice to the other parties. If an international commercial accord contains binding "treaty" commitments, then a two-thirds vote of the Senate may be required. Between 1946 and 1999, the United States completed nearly 16,000 international agreements. Only 912 of those agreements were treaties, submitted to the Senate for approval as outlined in Article II of the Constitution. Since the Franklin Roosevelt presidency, only 6% of international accords have been completed as Article II treaties. Most

Incorporation of international law
treaties may have interpretative value, and judges consider that Parliament, in the absence of clear contrary intention, did not intend for an Act to conflict with a ratified treaty. The position of the United States is intermediate to the two extremes described above. The Supremacy Clause (VI.2) of the United States Constitution states that "all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the land." However, the term "treaty" has a more restricted sense in American law than in international law. Of the more than 16,000 international agreements entered into by the United States between 1946 and 1999, only 912 were ratified by the required two thirds of the US Senate of the Treaty Clause of

A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required for a treaty to be approved.

Answer: In the USA, a treaty is considered binding under the Treaty Clause of the Constitution only after it has been advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate.


Question: When was the first recorded landing on Antarctica?

Antarctica
530-ton support vessel "Mirny" ("Peaceful") reached a point within of Queen Maud's Land and recorded the sight of an ice shelf at , on 27 January 1820, which became known as the Fimbul ice shelf. This happened three days before Bransfield sighted land and ten months before Palmer did so in November 1820. The first documented landing on Antarctica was by the American sealer John Davis, apparently at Hughes Bay, near Cape Charles, in West Antarctica on 7 February 1821, although some historians dispute this claim. The first recorded and confirmed landing was at Cape Adair in 1895 (by the Norwegian-Swedish whaling ship "Antarctic"). On 22 January 1840, two days after the discovery of the coast west of the Balleny Islands, some members of the crew of the

John Davis (sealer)
The first undisputed landing on Antarctica did not occur for another 74 years, on 24 January 1895, when a group of men from the Norwegian ship "Antarctic" went ashore to collect geological specimens at Cape Adare. The group included the Norwegians Henrik Johan Bull and Carsten Borchgrevink, and the New Zealander Alexander von Tunzelmann. Legacy. The coastal strip where the men were alleged to have gone ashore is called Davis Coast. See also. - List of Antarctic expeditions

Antarctic (ship)
on September 20, 1893. The first summer was spent around the Kerguelen Islands with winter camp in Melbourne. On September 28, 1894 the ship went off to sea heading for the Ross Sea. On January 24, 1895 a boat was put ashore at Cape Adare at the northern extremity of Victoria Land with six men including Bull, Borchgrevink, Kristensen and Tunzelmann. The party performed the first confirmed landing on the continent of Antarctica, exactly who went ashore first was never cleared as all members claimed the honor (possibly British-American sealer John Davis had already made a landing on the Antarctic Peninsula on February 7, 1821, this claim can, however, not be confirmed). In 1898 "Antarctic" captained by Emil Nilsson carried Nathorst’s polar expedition to Bear Island, Svalbard and

Antarctic
the island of South Georgia, visited by the English merchant Anthony de la Roché in 1675. Although myths and speculation about a "Terra Australis" ("Southern Land") date back to antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent of Antarctica is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on "Vostok" and "Mirny". The first human born in the Antarctic was Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen born on 8 October 1913 in Grytviken, South Georgia. The Antarctic region had no indigenous population when first discovered, and its present inhabitants comprise a few thousand transient scientific and other personnel working on tours of duty at the several dozen research stations maintained by various countries. However, the region is visited by more

South Pole
surface. Geography.:Historic monuments.:Argentine Flagpole. A flagpole erected at the South Geographical Pole in December 1965 by the First Argentine Overland Polar Expedition has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 1) following a proposal by Argentina to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Exploration. Exploration.:Pre-1900. In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica, with the very first being the Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The first landing was probably just over a year later when American Captain John Davis, a sealer, set foot on the ice. The basic geography of the Antarctic coastline was not understood until the mid-to-late 19th century. American naval officer Charles Wilkes claimed (correctly) that Antarctica was a new continent, basing the

The first recorded landing on Antarctica was on 7 February 1821 by the American sealer John Davis, although this claim is disputed. The first confirmed landing was on 24 January 1895 by the Norwegian ship "Antarctic."

Answer: The first recorded and confirmed landing on Antarctica occurred on 24 January 1895 by a group of men from the Norwegian ship "Antarctic" at Cape Adare.


Question: What is the Korean word for Christian?

Christians
In Indonesian language, the term ""Nasrani"" is also used alongside with ""Kristen"". The Chinese word is (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower." The two characters now pronounced "Jīdū" in Mandarin Chinese were originally used phonetically to represent the name of Christ. In Vietnam, the same two characters read "Cơ đốc", and a "follower of Christianity" is a "tín đồ Cơ đốc giáo". In Japan, the term "kirishitan" (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories as キリシタン), from Portuguese "cristão", referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the Tokugawa shogunate. Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as キリスト教徒, "Kirisuto-kyōto" or the English-derived term クリスチャン "kurisuchan". Korean still uses 기독교도, "Kidok-kyo-do" for "Christian", though

Names of God
ritual/ceremonial) contexts. Korean Catholics and Anglicans also use a cognate of the Chinese Shàngdì (Sangje 상제), but this has largely fallen out of regular use in favor of Cheon-ju. But now used is the vernacular Haneunim (하느님), the traditional Korean name for the God of Heaven. Korean Orthodox Christians also use Haneunim, but not Sangje or Cheon-ju, and with exception of Anglicans, most Korean Protestants do not use Sangje or Haneunim at all but instead use Hananim (하나님), which stemmed from Pyongan dialect for Haneunim. Many Vietnamese Christians also use cognates of Shàngdì (expected to have a distribution in usage similar to Korean Christians, with Anglicans and Catholics using the cognates of Sangje in ritual/ceremonial contexts and Protestants not using it at all), to refer to the biblical

Martyr (disambiguation)
Korean football team See also. - Christian martyrs - Martyre (disambiguation) - Martyrs' Day - Martyrs' Square (disambiguation)

Christian
Christian usually refers to: - Christians, followers of Jesus Christ - Anything pertaining to the Christian religion, Christianity Christian or Christians may also refer to: People. - Christian (given name) - Christian (surname) - Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1581–1655) - Christian of Clogher (d. 1138), Irish saint and Bishop - Christian of Oliva, a 13th-century Cistercian monk - Prince Christian (disambiguation), several princes Places. - Christian, West Virginia Media. Media.:Film and television. - "Christian" (1939 film), Czechoslovakia - "Christian" (1989 film), Denmark - "The Christian" (1911 film), a 1911 Australian silent film - "The Christian" (1914 film), a 1914 American film directed by Frederick A. Thomson - "The Christian" (1923 film), a 1923 American silent film drama directed by Maurice Tourneur Media.:Music. - Christian (singer), stage name of

Index of Korea-related articles (K)
- K-League, the leading South Korean professional football league. K.:Ko. - Ko Gi-hyun- A famous Korean speed skater. - Ko Yong-hui - Komelon - Konglish-A combination of the Korean and English languages. - Kookmin Bank - Kookmin Bank FC - Korea: Korea (see also Korean peninsula, North Korea, and South Korea) - Korea Aerospace Research Institute - Korea Automobile Imports & Distributors Association - Korea Baptist Convention - Korea Bay - Korea Campus Crusade for Christ - Korea Central Intelligence Agency - Korea Computer Center - Korea Computer Centre Sinhung Company - Korea Defense Service Medal - Korea Democratic Party - Korea Energy Development Organization (KEDO) - Korea Ferrous Metals Export & Import Corporation - Korea Forest Service - Korea General Chemicals Trading Corporation - Korea General Magnesia

The Korean word for Christian is "기독교도" (Kidok-kyo-do).

Answer: The Korean word for Christian is "하나님 교육자" (Hananim Kyōdokja), which translates to "followers of the one God" in English. However, in everyday usage, the term "Christian" is often referred to as "크리스치안" (Kurisuchan) in Modern Korean.


Question: What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland?

Deroceras reticulatum
Deroceras reticulatum, common names the "grey field slug" and "grey garden slug", is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Agriolimacidae. This species is an important agricultural pest. Distribution. The native distribution of this slug species is European. It is native to Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Islands. It occurs widely in Europe, but is more rare and restricted to cultivated fields in the southeast, particularly in the Balkans, and is probably absent from Greece and the Bulgarian mountains. In the north and central European lowlands, Great Britain, and Ireland, it is probably the most widely occurring slug. In northern Scandinavia it is scarce, and is mainly found as a synanthrope. This species occurs in countries and islands including:

Arion flagellus
Arion flagellus, also known by its common name (in the United Kingdom) the "Durham slug", is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Distribution. This species is endemic to the Iberian peninsula, but has been introduced in various countries and islands including: - Great Britain - Ireland - and other areas External links. - "Arion flagellus" at Animalbase taxonomy,short description, distribution, biology,status (threats), images - "Arion flagellus" at Encyclopedia of Life - Info focusing on Ireland:

Kerry slug
The Kerry slug or Kerry spotted slug ("Geomalacus maculosus") is a species of terrestrial, pulmonate, gastropod mollusc. It is a medium-to-large sized, air-breathing land slug in the family of roundback slugs, Arionidae. Adult Kerry slugs generally measure 7–8 cm (2.8–3.2 in) in length; they are dark-grey or brown with yellowish spots. The internal anatomy of the slug has some unusual features and some characteristic differences from the genus "Arion", also part of Arionidae. The Kerry slug was described in 1843—later than many other relatively large land gastropods present in Ireland and Great Britain—an indication of its restricted distribution and secretive habits. Although the distribution of this slug species includes south-western Ireland—including County Kerry—the species is more widespread in north-western Spain and central-to-northern Portugal. It is not found in

Kerry slug
from the Latin word "macula", a spot. The English-language common name is derived from County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland, where the type specimens that were used for the formal scientific description were collected. In 1842, a Dublin-based naturalist William Andrews (1802–1880) sent specimens he had found at Caragh Lake in County Kerry to the Irish biologist George James Allman. The next year, Allman exhibited them at the Dublin Natural History Society and published a formal description of the new species and genus in the London literary magazine "The Athenaeum". The full scientific name, including the taxonomic authority, is "Geomalacus maculosus" Allman, 1843. The species' binomial name is sometimes written as "Geomalacus (Geomalacus) maculosus" because the genus "Geomalacus" contains two subgenera; the nominate subgenus (subgenus of the

Black slug
The black slug (also known as black arion, European black slug, or large black slug) "Arion ater" "L." is a large terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae—the round back slugs. Land slugs lack shells like other terrestrial mollusks (such as snails). Without such shells, slugs produce unappetizing mucus—that may also contain toxins—to deter predators. Terrestrial slugs produce two other forms of mucus that facilitate locomotion and prevent death from drying. Such mollusks are hermaphroditic. Slugs most often function as decomposers but are also often omnivores. "Arion ater" is one such slug, decomposing organic matter, preying on other organisms, and consuming vegetative matter—including agricultural crops. Native to Europe, the black slug is an invasive species in Australia, Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland, Quebec), and the United States—Pacific Northwest. Description.

The slug native to both Britain and Ireland is the "Durham slug" (Arion flagellus).

Answer: The Deroceras reticulatum, also known as the grey field slug or grey garden slug, is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland.


Question: Not Love Alone is the fist opera of what Russian composer and pianist who won the Lenin Prize in 1984?

Not Love Alone
Not Love Alone (also translated "Not for Love Alone" or "Not Only Love"; Russian: Не только любовь ; Ne tol'ko lyubov') is the first opera of Rodion Shchedrin, written 1961, revised in 1971. Irina Arkhipova created the role of Varvara, and recorded Varvara's aria on her "Arias" recital for Melodiya 1967. A well-known piece from this opera (usually played by cello and piano) is the humorous Quadrille from the second Act (Scene 15: The arrival of Varvara Vasilyevna and quadrille).

Rodion Shchedrin
Rodion Konstantinovich Shchedrin (, "Rodion Konstantinovič Ščedrin", ; born 16 December 1932) is a Soviet and Russian composer and pianist, winner of the Lenin Prize (1984), USSR State Prize (1972), and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1992), and is a former member of the Interregional Deputy Group (1989–1991). He is also a citizen of Lithuania and Spain. Biography. Shchedrin was born in Moscow into a musical family—his father was a composer and teacher of music theory. He studied at the Moscow Choral School and Moscow Conservatory (graduating in 1955) under Yuri Shaporin (composition) and Yakov Flier (piano). He was married to the well-known ballerina Maya Plisetskaya from 1958 until her death in 2015. Shchedrin's early music is tonal, colourfully orchestrated and often includes snatches of folk

Sergei Prokofiev
Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (; ; 27 April [O.S. 15 April] 1891 – 5 March 1953) was a Russian Soviet composer, pianist and conductor. As the creator of acknowledged masterpieces across numerous music genres, he is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. His works include such widely heard pieces as the March from "The Love for Three Oranges," the suite "Lieutenant Kijé", the ballet "Romeo and Juliet"—from which "Dance of the Knights" is taken—and "Peter and the Wolf." Of the established forms and genres in which he worked, he created – excluding juvenilia – seven completed operas, seven symphonies, eight ballets, five piano concertos, two violin concertos, a cello concerto, a symphony-concerto for cello and orchestra, and nine completed piano sonatas. A graduate of

Alfred Schnittke
Alfred Garrievich Schnittke (, Alfred Garrievich Shnitke; November 24, 1934 – August 3, 1998) was a Soviet and German composer. Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich. He developed a polystylistic technique in works such as the epic Symphony No. 1 (1969–1972) and his first concerto grosso (1977). In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad with the publication of his second (1980) and third (1983) string quartets and the String Trio (1985); the ballet "Peer Gynt" (1985–1987); the third (1981), fourth (1984), and fifth (1988) symphonies; and the viola concerto (1985) and first cello concerto (1985–1986). As his health deteriorated, Schnittke's music started to abandon much of the extroversion of his polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style.

Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff (Серге́й Васи́льевич Рахма́нинов) (28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, virtuoso pianist and conductor of the late Romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular in the Romantic repertoire. Born into a musical family, Rachmaninoff took up the piano at age four. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in 1892, having already composed several piano and orchestral pieces. In 1897, following the negative critical reaction to his Symphony No. 1, Rachmaninoff entered a four-year depression and composed little until successful therapy allowed him to complete his enthusiastically received Piano Concerto No. 2 in 1901. For the next sixteen years, Rachmaninoff conducted at the Bolshoi Theatre, relocated to Dresden, Germany, and toured the United States for the first time. Following the Russian Revolution,

Answer: Rodion Shchedrin


Question: what causes someone to digest food extremely slow and get constipated?

Constipation
or fluid intake, or behavioral causes such as decreased physical activity. In the elderly, common causes have been attributed to insufficient dietary fiber intake, inadequate fluid intake, decreased physical activity, side effects of medications, hypothyroidism, and obstruction by colorectal cancer. Evidence to support these factors however is poor. Secondary causes include side effects of medications such as opiates, endocrine and metabolic disorders such as hypothyroidism, and obstruction such as from colorectal cancer. Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity may also present with constipation. Cystocele can develop as a result of chronic constipation. Causes.:Diet. Constipation can be caused or exacerbated by a low-fiber diet, low liquid intake, or dieting. Dietary fiber helps to decrease colonic transport time, increases stool bulk but simultaneously softens stool. Therefore, diets low in fiber

Constipation
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. The stool is often hard and dry. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction. The normal frequency of bowel movements in adults is between three per day and three per week. Babies often have three to four bowel movements per day while young children typically have two to three per day. Constipation has many causes. Common causes include slow movement of stool within the colon, irritable bowel syndrome, and pelvic floor disorders. Underlying associated diseases include hypothyroidism, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, colon cancer, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Medications

Constipation
sclerosis. Constipation has a number of structural (mechanical, morphological, anatomical) causes, namely through creating space-occupying lesions within the colon that stop the passage of stool, such as colorectal cancer, strictures, rectocoles, anal sphincter damage or malformation and post-surgical changes. Extra-intestinal masses such as other malignancies can also lead to constipation from external compression. Constipation also has neurological causes, including anismus, descending perineum syndrome, and Hirschsprung's disease. In infants, Hirschsprung's disease is the most common medical disorder associated with constipation. Anismus occurs in a small minority of persons with chronic constipation or obstructed defecation. Spinal cord lesions and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and pelvic floor dysfunction can also lead to constipation. Causes.:Psychological. Voluntary withholding of the stool is a common cause of constipation. The choice to withhold

Diarrhea
increased risk of disease contraction. Causes.:Malabsorption. Malabsorption is the inability to absorb food fully, mostly from disorders in the small bowel, but also due to maldigestion from diseases of the pancreas. Causes include: - "enzyme deficiencies or mucosal abnormality", as in food allergy and food intolerance, e.g. celiac disease (gluten intolerance), lactose intolerance (intolerance to milk sugar, common in non-Europeans), and fructose malabsorption. - "pernicious anemia", or impaired bowel function due to the inability to absorb vitamin B, - "loss of pancreatic secretions", which may be due to cystic fibrosis or pancreatitis, - "structural defects", like short bowel syndrome (surgically removed bowel) and radiation fibrosis, such as usually follows cancer treatment and other drugs, including agents used in chemotherapy; and - "certain drugs", like orlistat, which inhibits the

Diverticulosis
specific individuals is likely explained by a genetic component, a theory which is supported by studies examining the rates of diverticulosis among twins. The heritability of diverticulosis is estimated to be approximately 40%. Causes.:Intestinal motility. Another theory suggests the degeneration of glial neurons in the myenteric plexus and the interstitial cells of Cajal lead to slowed intestinal movement and consequently fecal content exerts increased pressure on the colon wall resulting in the formation of diverticula. Causes.:Risk factors. 1. Advanced age 2. constipation 3. a diet that is low in dietary fiber (although this claim is controversial) 4. connective tissue disorders (such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers Danlos Syndrome) that may cause weakness in the colon wall 5. hereditary or genetic predisposition, 6. extreme weight loss 7. heavy meat

Slow digestion and constipation can be caused by a low-fiber diet, inadequate fluid intake, decreased physical activity, medications (such as opiates), hypothyroidism, and structural issues like colorectal cancer or strictures. Neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease and pelvic floor dysfunction can also contribute.

Answer: Constipation can be caused by slow digestion and intestinal motility issues. Factors that contribute to slow digestion and constipation include a low-fiber diet, inadequate fluid intake, underlying diseases such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, and colon cancer, medications, neurological disorders, psychological causes such as voluntary stool withholding, and structural causes such as colorectal cancer or extra-intestinal masses. Intestinal motility can be slowed due to degeneration of glial neurons in the myenteric plexus and interstitial cells of Cajal. Additionally, advanced age, connective tissue disorders, hereditary predisposition, extreme weight loss, and heavy meat consumption can increase the risk of constipation.


Question: what type of machine is mentioned last?

Outline of machines
Transistor - Diode - Capacitor - Resistor - Inductor - Telecommunications - Telephone system - Engines - Heat engine: external combustion - Steam engine - Stirling engine - Heat engine: internal combustion - Reciprocating engine - Wankel engine - Jet engine - Rocket - gas turbine - Turbine engines - Gas turbine, Jet engine - Steam turbine - Water turbine - Wind generator - Windmill (Air turbine) - Linkages - Pantograph - Peaucellier–Lipkin - Power tools - Machine tools - Broaching machine - Drill press - Gear shaper - Hobbing machine - Hone - Lathe - Milling machine - Shaper - Planer - Stewart platform mills - Grinders - Hand-held power tools - Belt sander - Ceramic tile cutter tile saw - Chainsaw - Circular saw - Concrete

Machine tool
machine tool builders as we define them today, meaning people who specialize in building machine tools for sale to others. Historians of machine tools often focus on a handful of major industries that most spurred machine tool development. In order of historical emergence, they have been firearms (small arms and artillery); clocks; textile machinery; steam engines (stationary, marine, rail, and otherwise) (the story of how Watt's need for an accurate cylinder spurred Boulton's boring machine is discussed by Roe); sewing machines; bicycles; automobiles; and aircraft. Others could be included in this list as well, but they tend to be connected with the root causes already listed. For example, rolling-element bearings are an industry of themselves, but this industry's main drivers of development were the vehicles already listed—trains, bicycles,

Machine Age
the Machine Age include: - Reciprocating steam engine replaced by gas turbines, internal combustion engines and electric motors - Electrification based on large hydroelectric and thermal electric power production plants and distribution systems - Mass production of high-volume goods on moving assembly lines, particularly of the automobile - Gigantic production machinery, especially for producing and working metal, such as steel rolling mills, bridge component fabrication, and automobile body presses - Powerful earthmoving equipment - Steel framed buildings of great height (the "skyscraper") - Radio and phonograph technology - High speed printing presses, enabling the production of low cost newspapers and mass market magazines - Low cost appliances for the mass market that employ fractional horsepower electric motors, such as the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine - Fast

Outline of machines
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to machines: Machine – mechanical system that provides the useful application of power to achieve movement. A machine consists of a power source, or engine, and a mechanism or transmission for the controlled use of this power. The combination of force and movement, known as power, is an important characteristic of a machine. Essence of machines. - Applied mechanics - Machining, Machinist - Mechanical engineering - Mechanics - Mechanism (engineering) History of machines. - Antikythera mechanism - Automatic lathe - Enigma machine - Early flying machines - History of the bicycle - History of computing hardware - History of the sewing machine - History of perpetual motion machines - Industrial revolution - History of mechanical engineering

Typewriter
A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing characters similar to those produced by printer's movable type. Typically, a typewriter has an array of keys, and pressing one causes a different single character to be produced on the paper, by causing a ribbon with dried ink to be struck against the paper by a type element similar to the sorts used in movable type letterpress printing. Commonly, a separate type element (called a typebar) corresponds to each key, but the mechanism may also use a single type element (such as a typeball) with a different portion of it used for each possible character. At the end of the nineteenth century, the term "typewriter" was also applied to a person who used a typing machine. The first

The machine mentioned last is the typewriter.

Answer: The last machine mentioned in the text is a "fast printing press."


Question: Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?

Henry VIII of England
Elton has argued that one such minister, Thomas Cromwell, led a "Tudor revolution in government" quite independent of the king, whom Elton presented as an opportunistic, essentially lazy participant in the nitty-gritty of politics. Where Henry did intervene personally in the running of the country, Elton argued, he mostly did so to its detriment. The prominence and influence of faction in Henry's court is similarly discussed in the context of at least five episodes of Henry's reign, including the downfall of Anne Boleyn. From 1514 to 1529, Thomas Wolsey (1473–1530), a cardinal of the established Church, oversaw domestic and foreign policy for the young king from his position as Lord Chancellor. Wolsey centralised the national government and extended the jurisdiction of the conciliar courts, particularly the Star Chamber.

John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford (c. 1485 – 14 March 1555) was an English royal minister in the Tudor era. He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal. Among the lands and property he was given by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, were the Abbey and town of Tavistock, and the area that is now Covent Garden. Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell, including John Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and philosopher Bertrand Russell. Origins. John Russell was born ca. 1485 probably at Berwick-by-Swyre, Dorset, the son of Sir James Russell (d. Nov. 1505) and his first wife Alice Wyse, daughter of Thomas Wyse of Sidenham, near Tavistock, Devon. James's

Henry VIII (play)
Prologue/Epilogue - Henry VIII – King of England - Cardinal Wolsey – Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor; initially, Henry's chief advisor - Queen Katherine – later divorced - Anne Bullen – Katherine's maid of honour; later Queen Anne - Duke of Buckingham – hates Wolsey, who charges him with treason - Thomas Cranmer – Archbishop of Canterbury; replaces Wolsey as Henry's chief advisor - Stephen Gardiner – close ally of Wolsey; King's secretary; later Bishop of Winchester - Lord Chamberlain– historically, the play covers a period in which the position was held by both Somerset and Lord Sands, but the play presents the character as one consistent figure - Duke of Norfolk – Anne Bullen's grandfather; later Earl Marshal - Duke of Suffolk – Henry's brother-in-law; later

Thomas Wolsey
Thomas Wolsey (c. March 1473 – 29 November 1530) was an English archbishop, statesman and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509, Wolsey became the King's almoner. Wolsey's affairs prospered, and by 1514 he had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. He also held important ecclesiastical appointments. These included the Archbishopric of York – the second most important role in the English church – and acting as Papal legate. His appointment as a cardinal by Pope Leo X in 1515 gave him precedence over all other English clergy. The highest political position Wolsey attained was Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser (formally, as his successor and disciple Thomas Cromwell was not). In that position, he enjoyed

Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547. He was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father Henry VII. Henry is best known for his six marriages, in particular his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disagreement with the Pope on the question of such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation, separating the Church of England from papal authority. He appointed himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolved convents and monasteries, for which he was excommunicated. Henry is also known as "the father of the Royal Navy"; he invested heavily in the Navy, increasing its size greatly from a few to more than

Answer: Thomas Cromwell, who served as the chief advisor to Henry VIII after the downfall of Cardinal Wolsey, is often considered the first prime minister of England. However, the office of prime minister did not officially exist during Henry VIII's reign. Therefore, no single individual occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII. Instead, various individuals, such as Thomas Wolsey, Thomas Cromwell, and John Russell, held key positions of power and influence in the Tudor court.


Question: Which mountains are between Lake Champlain and the St Lawrence, in the state of New York, USA?

Laurentian Mountains
The Laurentian Mountains (French: "Laurentides") are a mountain range in southern Quebec, Canada, north of the St. Lawrence River and Ottawa River, rising to a highest point of at Mont Raoul Blanchard, northeast of Quebec City in the Reserve Faunique des Laurentides. The Gatineau, L'Assomption, Lièvre, Montmorency, Nord and St. Maurice rivers rise in lakes in this mountain range. Across the U.S. border to the south, the Adirondack Mountains in New York State, though sometimes mistakenly included with the Appalachian Mountains, are an extension of the Laurentians. Although Laurentides is one of Quebec's official regions, the mountain range of the same name runs through six other regions: Capitale-Nationale, Outaouais, Lanaudière, Mauricie, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean and Côte-Nord. Extending into central Ontario, the foothills of the Laurentian range are known as the

Lake Champlain
Lake Champlain (; ; Abenaki: "Pitawbagok"; ) is a natural freshwater lake in North America mainly within the borders of the United States (in the states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the Canada–U.S. border, in the Canadian province of Quebec. The New York portion of the Champlain Valley includes the eastern portions of Clinton County and Essex County. Most of this area is part of the Adirondack Park. There are recreational facilities in the park and along the relatively undeveloped coastline of Lake Champlain. The cities of Plattsburgh, New York and Burlington, Vermont are on the lake's western and eastern shores, respectively, and the Town of Ticonderoga, New York is in the region's southern part. The Quebec portion is in the regional county municipalities

List of mountains of New York (state)
There are three major mountain ranges in New York: the Adirondack Mountains, the Catskill Mountains, and part of the Appalachian Mountains. Adirondack Mountains. The Adirondack Mountains are sometimes considered part of the Appalachians but, geologically speaking, are a southern extension of the Laurentian Mountains of Canada. The Adirondacks do not form a connected range, but are an eroded dome consisting of over one hundred summits, ranging from under to over in altitude. The highest of the Adirondack mountains are listed in the Adirondack High Peaks. Other mountains in the Adirondacks include: - Ampersand Mountain - Avalanche Mountain - Averill Peak - Baker Mountain - Bald Mountain - Baxter Mountain - Bitch Mountain - Black Mountain - Blue Mountain - Blue Ridge Mountain - Boreas Mountain - Brown Pond

New York (state)
borders include a water boundary in (clockwise from the west) two Great Lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, which are connected by the Niagara River); the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, with New York and Ontario sharing the Thousand Islands archipelago within the Saint Lawrence River, while most of its border with Quebec is on land; it shares Lake Champlain with the New England state of Vermont; the New England state of Massachusetts has mostly a land border; New York extends into Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean, sharing a water border with Rhode Island, while Connecticut has land and sea borders. Except for areas near the New York Harbor, New York has a mostly land border with two Mid-Atlantic states, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

Champlain, New York
Champlain is a town in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 5,754 at the 2010 census. The town is located on the west shore of Lake Champlain, near the north end of the lake and on the U.S./Canadian border. The town occupies the northeast corner of Clinton County and the state of New York. Within the town are two villages: Champlain and of Rouses Point. History. Nearby Lake Champlain was an important military and trade route during the colonial period. The lake and the town were named in honor of Samuel de Champlain, who first surveyed the area in 1609. It was part of Canada until 1763 and became part of the United States in 1783. The town was formed in 1788, the same year

The Adirondack Mountains are between Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence River in the state of New York, USA.

Answer: The Adirondack Mountains in New York, USA, are the mountains located between Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence River. They are a southern extension of the Laurentian Mountains in Canada.


Question: define repatriation benefit

Repatriation (disambiguation)
Repatriation is the voluntary or involuntary return of travellers and migrants to their place of origin. Repatriation may also refer to: - Repatriation (cultural heritage), the return of artifacts to their place of origin - Digital repatriation, return in a digital format - Repatriation and reburial of human remains - Repatriation (film), a 2004 South Korean documentary film - Voluntary return - Extraordinary repatriation, the return of persons to their country without going through the government of that country

Repatriation
Repatriation is the process of returning an asset, an item of symbolic value or a personvoluntarily or forciblyto its owner or their place of origin or citizenship. The term may refer to non-human entities, such as converting a foreign currency into the currency of one's own country, as well as to the process of returning military personnel to their place of origin following a war. It also applies to diplomatic envoys, international officials as well as expatriates and migrants in time of international crisis. For refugees, asylum seekers and illegal migrants, repatriation can mean either voluntary return or deportation. Repatriation of humans. Repatriation of humans.:Overview and clarification of terms. Repatriation of humans.:Overview and clarification of terms.:Voluntary return vs. forced return. Voluntary return is the return of eligible persons,

Extraordinary repatriation
Extraordinary repatriation is the return of persons to their country without going through the government of that country. See also. - Extraordinary rendition

Repatriation (cultural heritage)
- Smithsonian cultural repatriation program

Return migration
Return migration might refer to: - Repatriation, the voluntary or involuntary return of travellers and migrants to their place of origin - Circular migration, a phenomenon in human migration in which migrants repeatedly travel between origin and destination countries See also. - Reverse migration (disambiguation)

Repatriation benefit refers to the advantages or positive outcomes associated with the return of individuals, artifacts, or assets to their place of origin, such as cultural preservation, restoration of rights, or emotional and social benefits for individuals or communities.

Answer: Repatriation, in the context of humans, refers to the return of individuals to their place of origin or citizenship, either voluntarily or involuntarily. The term can also apply to the return of assets, items of symbolic value, or currency to their owner or place of origin. Repatriation benefits may refer to financial or other forms of assistance provided to individuals or groups during the repatriation process. For example, repatriation benefits for refugees or asylum seekers might include transportation, housing, and medical assistance. However, the specific definition and scope of repatriation benefits can vary depending on the context and the specific program or organization providing the assistance.


Question: What is it called when your joints start to wear out and they become stiff and painful?

Joint stiffness
Joint stiffness may be either the symptom of pain on moving a joint, the symptom of loss of range of motion or the physical sign of reduced range of motion. - Pain on movement is commonly caused by osteoarthritis, often in quite minor degrees, and other forms of arthritis. It may also be caused by injury or overuse and rarely by more complex causes of pain such as infection or neoplasm. The range of motion may be normal or limited by pain. "Morning stiffness" pain which eases up after the joint has been used, is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. - Loss of motion (symptom): the patient notices that the joint (or many joints) do not move as far as they used to or need to. Loss of motion

Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Symptoms may initially occur only after exercise, but can become more constant over time. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and, when the back is affected, weakness or numbness of the arms and legs. The most commonly involved joints are those near the ends of the fingers, at the base of the thumb, neck, lower back, knee, and hips. Joints on one side of the body are often more affected than those on the other. Usually the symptoms develop over some years. They can affect work and normal daily activities. Unlike other types of arthritis, only the

Arthritis
Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In some types other organs are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden. There are over 100 types of arthritis. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. Other types include gout, lupus, fibromyalgia, and septic arthritis. They are all types of rheumatic disease. Treatment may include resting the joint and alternating between applying ice and heat. Weight loss and exercise may

Transient synovitis
Transient synovitis of the hip (also called toxic synovitis; see below for more synonyms) is a self-limiting condition in which there is an inflammation of the inner lining (the synovium) of the capsule of the hip joint. The term irritable hip refers to the syndrome of acute hip pain, joint stiffness, limp or non-weightbearing, indicative of an underlying condition such as transient synovitis or orthopedic infections (like septic arthritis or osteomyelitis). In everyday clinical practice however, irritable hip is commonly used as a synonym for transient synovitis. It should not be confused with sciatica, a condition describing hip and lower back pain much more common to adults than transient synovitis but with similar signs and symptoms. Transient synovitis usually affects children between three and ten years old (but

Spondylosis
Spondylosis is the degeneration of the vertebral column from any cause. In the more narrow sense it refers to spinal osteoarthritis, the age-related wear and tear of the spinal column, which is the most common cause of spondylosis. The degenerative process in osteoarthritis chiefly affects the vertebral bodies, the neural foramina and the facet joints (facet syndrome). If severe, it may cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots with subsequent sensory or motor disturbances, such as pain, paresthesia, imbalance, and muscle weakness in the limbs. When the space between two adjacent vertebrae narrows, compression of a nerve root emerging from the spinal cord may result in radiculopathy (sensory and motor disturbances, such as severe pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, back, or leg, accompanied by muscle

Answer: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, leading to joint stiffness and pain. It is the most common form of arthritis and typically affects joints near the ends of the fingers, at the base of the thumb, neck, lower back, knee, and hips. Symptoms may develop over years and can affect work and daily activities.


Question: What year did the book by Brigo, Pallavicini and Torresetti report warnings and research on CDOs?

Damiano Brigo
in 2006, 2010 and 2012. Current and past affiliations. Brigo was appointed Chair in Mathematical Finance at the Department of Mathematics of Imperial College London in 2012. He is also Director of the Capco Institute. He previously held the Gilbart Chair of Financial Mathematics at King's College London (2010-2012) and worked as Managing Director at Fitch Solutions in London (2007-2010). He holds a PhD in Stochastic Nonlinear Filtering with Differential Geometric Method from the Free University of Amsterdam. Selected publications. - Brigo, D, Morini, M., and Pallavicini, A, Counterparty Credit Risk, Collateral and Funding, with Pricing Cases for All Asset Classes. Wiley, 2013. - Brigo, D, Pallavicini, A, and Torresetti, R, Credit Models and the Crisis: A Journey into CDOs, Copulas, Correlations and Dynamic Models. Wiley, 2010. -

Damiano Brigo
Taylor & Francis, 2008 - Brigo, D, Pallavicini, A, Torresetti, R, (2007) Cluster-based extension of the generalized poisson loss dynamics andconsistency with single names, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, Vol: 10 - Brigo, D., Pallavicini, A. (2007). Counterparty Risk under Correlation between Default and Interest Rates. In: Miller, J., Edelman, D., and Appleby, J. (Editors), Numerical Methods for Finance, Chapman Hall. External links. - Damiano Brigo's web page at Imperial College London - Damiano Brigo at Defaultrisk.com - Damiano Brigo as Director of the Capco Institute

Damiano Brigo
Scientific, 1999 - Brigo, D, Mercurio, F, Lognormal-mixture dynamics and calibration to market volatility smiles, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 2002, Vol: 5, Pages: 427 - 446 - Brigo, D, Mercurio, F, Sartorelli, G, Alternative asset-price dynamics and volatility smile, QUANT FINANC, 2003, Vol: 3, Pages: 173 - 183, - Alfonsi, A, Brigo, D, New families of copulas based on periodic functions, COMMUN STAT-THEOR M, 2005, Vol: 34, Pages: 1437 - 1447, - Brigo, D, Alfonsi, A, Credit default swap calibration and derivatives pricing with the SSRD stochastic intensity model, FINANC STOCH, 2005, Vol: 9, Pages: 29 - 42, - Brigo, D (2008), CDS Options through Candidate Market Models and the CDS-Calibrated CIR++ Stochastic Intensity Model, In: Wagner, N., editor, Credit Risk: Models, Derivatives and Management,

Giancarlo Pallavicini
VII/351, in Preface and p. 54, Finance and Markets, February 3, 2009, p. 11 Mara Consoli, "When ethics becomes a bargain" New Chronicles, CNEL, Rome, 12.01.2009, Adelaide Mochi, "Award Socialis and Corporate Social Responsibility"; Bancoper Annual Meeting, Bologna, 15.11.2008 , Prefect Angelo Tranfaglia, "Profit and social responsibility," p. 12, the reports cited in note 27 ^ "Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach" ^ "Banks and market research", in "The Economy", Free International University of Social Studies, Rome, November 1959, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan, Academic Year 1979-1980, Tesi Fabio Storer, "The Marketing in Italy: a historical analysis " ^ "Marketing Management" and later texts ^ Aigid Archive - Association of Italian big business distribution, 1960, "Structures built in the Italian distribution system," work cited ^ "Chamber of Commerce II.AA."

Riccardo Rebonato
- The SABR/LIBOR Market Model: Pricing, Calibration and Hedging for Complex Interest-Rate Derivatives. 2009. Wiley. - Plight of the Fortune Tellers: Why We Need to Manage Financial Risk Differently. 2007. Princeton University Press. - Coherent Stress Testing: A Bayesian Approach to the Analysis of Financial Stress. 2010. Wiley. - Portfolio Management Under Stress: A Bayesian-Net Approach to Coherent Asset Allocation. 2013. Cambridge University Press. External links. - Profile, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford - Profile, qfinance.com - Profile, garp.org - SSRN Author page

Answer: The book "Credit Models and the Crisis: A Journey into CDOs, Copulas, Correlations and Dynamic Models" by Brigo, Pallavicini, and Torresetti was published in 2010. While the document does not provide an exact year for when the research on CDOs was reported in the book, it is mentioned that the book discusses the role of CDOs in the financial crisis. Therefore, it can be inferred that the research and warnings on CDOs reported in the book were likely conducted and published around or before 2010.


Question: when did the song its tricky come out

It's Tricky
"It's Tricky" is the fourth and final single released from Run-DMC's third album, "Raising Hell". It was released early in 1987 through Profile Records and was co-produced by Rick Rubin and the group themselves. The song peaked at No. 57 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and No. 21 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. In the UK, the song made No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart upon its original release and No. 74 upon being remixed by Jason Nevins in 1998, while Nevins' remix of their song "It's Like That" spent its fifth week at No. 1. Nevins' remix, "(It's) Tricky", achieved top 40 peaks elsewhere in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Two decades after the song's release, The Knack sued Run-DMC on the grounds "It's Tricky" sampled

Tricky, Tricky
"Tricky, Tricky" is a song released by Lou Bega in 1999 from his debut album "A Little Bit of Mambo". It became a modest hit in the USA and in Sweden, though was overshadowed by the smash-hit "Mambo No. 5". The lyrics tell of a woman that likes to spend a lot of money, and how the relationship between her and a man won't work. Track listing. - Maxi single 2. "Tricky, Tricky" (Radio Version) – 3:17 3. "Tricky, Tricky" (Extended Mix) – 5:10 4. "Tricky, Tricky" (Tricky Club Mix) – 5:28 5. "Tricky, Tricky" (Instrumental) – 3:17

Tricky (musician)
Adrian Nicholas Matthews Thaws (born 27 January 1968), better known by his stage name Tricky, is an English record producer, rapper and actor. Born and raised in Bristol, he began his career as an early collaborator of Massive Attack before embarking on a solo career with his debut album, "Maxinquaye", in 1995. The release won Tricky popular acclaim and marked the beginning of a lengthy collaborative partnership with vocalist Martina Topley-Bird. He released four more studio albums before the end of the decade, including "Pre-Millennium Tension" and the pseudonymous "Nearly God", both in 1996. He has gone on to release eight studio albums since 2000, most recently "Ununiform" (2017). Tricky is a pioneer of trip hop music, and his work is noted for its dark, layered musical style

Verbal (rapper)
West, Pharrell and Kylie Minogue amongst many others. Verbal is also the chairman of music label Espionage Records (an imprint of Rhythm Zone under Avex Group), production agency Kozm and has a fashion brand called Ambush, co-founded with his wife Yoon. He launched his solo career in March 2011 with the album "Visionair". Biography. Verbal was born in Tokyo with Korean background in 1975. In 1985, his parents moved to Boston in the United States for work. When at a YMCA summer camp, Verbal was first exposed to hip hop music, in the form of Run–D.M.C.'s "It's Tricky" when the other children sung the song on the bus for the camp. He was impressed and influenced by the hip hop culture of New York City and at 14

The song "It's Tricky" was released early in 1987.

Answer: The original version of "It's Tricky" by Run-DMC was released in 1987.


Question: What famous cracked bell can be found in Philadelphia?

Liberty Bell
some time in the early 19th century — a widespread story claims it cracked while ringing after the death of Chief Justice John Marshall in 1835. The bell became famous after an 1847 short story claimed that an aged bellringer rang it on July 4, 1776, upon hearing of the Second Continental Congress' vote for independence. Despite the fact that the bell did not ring for independence on that July 4, the tale was widely accepted as fact, even by some historians. Beginning in 1885, the city of Philadelphia -which owns the bell - allowed it to go to various expositions and patriotic gatherings. The bell attracted huge crowds wherever it went, additional cracking occurred, and pieces were chipped away by souvenir hunters. The last such journey occurred

Liberty Bell
The Liberty Bell is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Once placed in the steeple of the Pennsylvania State House (now renamed Independence Hall), the bell today is located in the Liberty Bell Center in Independence National Historical Park. The bell was commissioned in 1752 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from the London firm of Lester and Pack (known subsequently as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry), and was cast with the lettering "Proclaim LIBERTY Throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants Thereof", a Biblical reference from the Book of Leviticus (). The bell first cracked when rung after its arrival in Philadelphia, and was twice recast by local workmen John Pass and John Stow, whose last names appear on the bell. In its early

Folklore of the United States
have become part of American folklore include: Independence Hall, Monument Valley, Ellis Island, Hoover Dam, Pearl Harbor, the Vietnam War Memorial, and the Grand Canyon. Cultural icons. - The Liberty Bell is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The bell was commissioned from the London firm of Lester and Pack in 1752, and was cast with the lettering (part of Leviticus 25:10) "Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." In the 1830s, the bell was adopted as a symbol by abolitionist societies, who dubbed it the "Liberty Bell". It acquired its distinctive large crack sometime in the early 19th century—a widespread story claims it cracked while ringing after the death of Chief Justice John Marshall in 1835. - Statue of

Women Cantors Network
Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was composed by cantor Lori Sumberg of Tucson, Arizona, and was called “Song of the Bell.” External links. - Women Cantors' Network official website

Big Joe (bell)
Joseph (commonly known as Big Joe) is a bronze bell that hangs into the bell tower of Neo-Gothic Saint Francis De Sales Catholic Church in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The endearing moniker Big Joe is a combination of the names of Joseph T. Buddeke, the largest donor of the project, and Big Ben, the great bell in the iconic Palace of Westminster clock tower in London. Measuring tall and with a diameter of , the 17.5 ton bell is the largest swinging bell ever cast in the United States. It was cast on October 30, 1895 by the E. W. Van Duzen Company at their foundry on Second Street and Broadway. The massive bell was hauled by 12 horses up Gilbert Avenue, then down Madison Road to St.

The Liberty Bell is the famous cracked bell found in Philadelphia.

Answer: The Liberty Bell, an iconic symbol of American independence located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the famous cracked bell. It was commissioned in 1752 and is known for its inscription "Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." The bell acquired its distinctive crack sometime in the early 19th century.


Question: what are prokaryotes shaped like

Prokaryote
chemolithotrophy. In addition, some species also contain carbohydrate-enclosed microcompartments, which have distinct physiological roles (e.g. carboxysomes or gas vacuoles). Most prokaryotes are between 1 µm and 10 µm, but they can vary in size from 0.2 µm ("Mycoplasma genitalium") to 750 µm ("Thiomargarita namibiensis"). Morphology. Prokaryotic cells have various shapes; the four basic shapes of bacteria are: - Cocci – round shaped - Bacilli – rod-shaped - Spiral bacteria – spiral-shaped - Vibrio – comma-shaped The archaeon Haloquadratum has flat square-shaped cells. Reproduction. Bacteria and archaea reproduce through asexual reproduction, usually by binary fission. Genetic exchange and recombination still occur, but this is a form of horizontal gene transfer and is not a replicative process, simply involving the transference of DNA between two cells, as in bacterial conjugation.

Nucleoid
The nucleoid (meaning "nucleus-like") is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material, called genophore. In contrast to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, it is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. The genome of prokaryotic organisms generally is a circular double-stranded piece of DNA, of which multiple copies may exist at any time. The length of a genome widely varies, but generally is at least a few million base pairs. As in all cellular organisms, the length of the DNA molecules of bacterial and archaeal chromosomes is very large compared to the dimensions of the cell, and the genomic DNA molecules must be compacted to fit. Visualization. The nucleoid can be clearly visualized on an electron

Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
membrane. MinE and MinD self-organized into parallel and spiral protein waves by a reaction-diffusion like mechanism. Bactofilin. Bactofilin is a cytoskeletal element that forms filaments throughout the cells of the rod-shaped proteobacterium "Myxococcus xanthus". The bactofilin protein, BacM, is required for proper cell shape maintenance and cell wall integrity. "M. xanthus" cells lacking BacM have a deformed morphology characterized by a bent cell body, and "bacM" mutants have decreased resistance to antibiotics targeting the bacterial cell wall. "M. xanthus" BacM protein is cleaved from its full-length form to allow polymerization. Bactofilins have been implicated in cell shape regulation in other bacteria, including curvature of "Proteus mirabilis" cells, stalk formation by "Caulobacter crescentus", and helical shape of "Helicobacter pylori". Crenactin. Crenactin is an actin homologue unique to the archaeal

Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word "prokaryote" comes from the Greek πρό ("pro") "before" and κάρυον ("karyon") "nut or kernel". Prokaryotes are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. Species with nuclei and organelles are placed in the third domain, Eukaryota. Prokaryotes reproduce without fusion of gametes. The first living organisms are thought to have been prokaryotes. In the prokaryotes, all the intracellular water-soluble components (proteins, DNA and metabolites) are located together in the cytoplasm enclosed by the cell membrane, rather than in separate cellular compartments. Bacteria, however, do possess protein-based bacterial microcompartments, which are thought to act as primitive organelles enclosed in protein shells. Some prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, may form large colonies. Others,

Circular prokaryote chromosome
A circular prokaryote chromosome is a chromosome in bacteria and archaea, in the form of a molecule of circular DNA. Unlike the linear DNA of most eukaryotes, typical prokaryote chromosomes are circular. Most prokaryote chromosomes contain a circular DNA molecule – there are no free ends to the DNA. Free ends would otherwise create significant challenges to cells with respect to DNA replication and stability. Cells that do contain chromosomes with DNA ends, or telomeres (most eukaryotes), have acquired elaborate mechanisms to overcome these challenges. However, a circular chromosome can provide other challenges for cells. After replication, the two progeny circular chromosomes can sometimes remain interlinked or tangled, and they must be resolved so that each cell inherits one complete copy of the chromosome during cell division. Replication.

Prokaryotes have various shapes, including cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), spiral bacteria (spiral-shaped), vibrio (comma-shaped), and flat square-shaped cells in the archaeon Haloquadratum.

Answer: Prokaryotes come in various shapes, including round (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), spiral-shaped (spiral bacteria), and flat square-shaped (Haloquadratum). Some prokaryotes, like Mycoplasma genitalium, are very small at 0.2 µm, while Thiomargarita namibiensis is much larger at 750 µm. The shapes help these organisms adapt to their environments and perform their functions efficiently.


Question: The Wagah border often called the 'Berlin wall of Asia' is the only road border crossing between what two countries?

Wagah
Wagah (, Shahmukhi ) or Wahga is a village and union council (UC 181) located in the Wahga Zone of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The town is famous for the Wagah border ceremony and also serves as a goods transit terminal and a railway station between Pakistan and India. Wagah is situated west of the border and lies on the historic Grand Trunk Road between Lahore and Amritsar in India. The border is located from Lahore and from Amritsar. It is also from the bordering village of Attari. Wagah-Attari border ceremony. Wagah-Attari border ceremony.:Border crossing. The border crossing draws its name from Wahga village, near which the Radcliffe Line, the boundary demarcation line dividing India and Pakistan upon the Partition of British India, was drawn. At the time of

Wakhjir Pass
The Wakhjir Pass, also spelled Vakhjir Pass, is a mountain pass in the Hindu Kush or Pamirs at the eastern end of the Wakhan Corridor, the only pass between Afghanistan and China. It links Wakhan in Afghanistan with the Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, China, at an altitude of , but the pass is not an official border crossing point. The border has the sharpest official change of clocks of any international frontier ( in Afghanistan to UTC+8, in China). China refers to the pass as "South Wakhjir Pass" (), as there is a northern pass on the Chinese side. Overview. There is no road across the pass. On the Chinese side, the immediate region is only accessible to military personnel. A - long barbed wire fence

Afghanistan–China border
The border between China and Afghanistan is a boundary, beginning at the tripoint of both countries with Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) and ending at the tripoint with Tajikistan. This short border is in the far northeast of Afghanistan, distant from much of the country or urban areas, at the end of the Wakhan Corridor. The Chinese side of the border is located in the Chalachigu Valley. Both sides of the border are nature reserves: Wakhan Corridor Nature Refuge on the Afghan side and Taxkorgan Nature Reserve on the Chinese side. The border is crossed by Wakhjir Pass. The border marks the greatest terrestrial time zone difference on Earth, with a 3.5 hour difference between Afghanistan's UTC+4:30 and China's UTC+08:00. History. The border area was a thoroughfare on the Silk Road.

Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall (, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany, including East Berlin, until East German officials ordered it opened in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in

Afghanistan
Afghanistan (; Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: "Afġānistān" , Dari: "Afġānestān" ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in South-Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and in the far northeast, China. Much of its is covered by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the capital and largest city. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols,

Answer: Pakistan and India. The Wagah border, also known as the "Berlin wall of Asia," is the only road border crossing between Pakistan and India.


Question: What happened earlier, the French invasion in 1672 or Utrecht becoming the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world?

Utrecht
the independent course of the Utrecht bourgeoisie and brought the city under much more direct control of the republic, shifting the power towards its dominant province Holland. This was the start of a long period of stagnation of trade and development in Utrecht. Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic being about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th-century, and even more so among the elite groups, who included many rural nobility and gentry with town houses there. The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was stopped just west of Utrecht at the Old Hollandic Waterline. In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado. The halt to

Utrecht
building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the cathedral of St Martin church's central section which collapsed, creating the current Dom square between the tower and choir. In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Beginning in 1723, Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world. History.:Modern history (1815–present). In the early 19th century, the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete. The fortifications of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie were moved east of Utrecht. The town walls could now be demolished to allow for expansion. The moats remained intact and formed an important feature of

Reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands
(further roughly including present Belgium). After the Dutch Revolt, the northern Netherlands formed the independent Dutch Republic, where Protestant Calvinism was privileged while Catholicism was severely restricted. The first Archbishop of Utrecht, Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg, was removed from office, thereby ending the short-lived archdiocese. In 1592, Rome declared the province of Utrecht a mission area, the Dutch Mission 'Batavia', soon headed by an apostolic vicar. 's-Hertogenbosch later also became an apostolic vicariate when normal episcopal administration became impossible after the Westphalian Peace of Münster in 1648. After initial persecution, Catholics were eventually tolerated, especially in the larger cities, as long as they would not openly profess Catholicism. In many cities, Catholics went to Mass in clandestine churches, which had exteriors that were not recognisable as churches.

St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht
St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht, or Dom Church (), is a Gothic church dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours, which was the cathedral of the Diocese of Utrecht during the Middle Ages. It is the country's only pre-Reformation cathedral, but has been a Protestant church since 1580. It was once the Netherlands' largest church, but the nave collapsed in a storm in 1674 and has never been rebuilt, leaving the tower isolated from the east end. The building is the one church in the Netherlands that closely resembles the style of classic Gothic architecture as developed in France. All other Gothic churches in the Netherlands belong to one of the many regional variants. Unlike most of its French predecessors, the building has only one tower, the Dom Tower, which

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht
The Archdiocese of Utrecht () is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The Archbishop of Utrecht is the Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical province of Utrecht. There are six suffragan dioceses in the province: Breda, Groningen-Leeuwarden, Haarlem-Amsterdam, Roermond, Rotterdam, and 's-Hertogenbosch. The cathedral church of the archdiocese is Saint Catherine Cathedral which replaced the prior cathedral, Saint Martin Cathedral, after it was taken by Protestants in the Reformation. History. The Archdiocese of Utrecht was established in the 7th century and disestablished in the 16th century during the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic church reestablished the Archdiocese in the 19th century. History.:Historic Diocese and Archdiocese. According to the "Catholic Encyclopedia", the founding of the diocese dates back to Francia, when St. Ecgberht of Ripon sent St. Willibrord and

The French invasion in 1672 happened earlier.

Answer: Utrecht became the center of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world in 1723, while the French invasion took place in 1672.


Question: definition of sulcus

Sulcus (geology)
Sulcus (plural: sulci) is, in astrogeology, a long parallel groove on a planet or a moon. For example, Uruk Sulcus is a bright region of grooved terrain adjacent to Galileo Regio on Jupiter's moon Ganymede.

Sulcus (morphology)
In biological morphology and anatomy, a sulcus (pl. "sulci") is a furrow or fissure. It may be a groove in the surface of a limb or an organ, notably in the surface of the brain, but also in the lungs, certain muscles (including the heart), as well as in bones, and elsewhere. Many sulci are the product of a surface fold or junction, such as in the gums, where they fold around the neck of the tooth. In invertebrate zoology, a sulcus is a fold, groove, or boundary, especially at the edges of sclerites or between segments. Examples in anatomy. Examples in anatomy.:Elsewhere. - anterior interventricular sulcus - calcaneal sulcus - coronal sulcus - femoral sulcus or intercondylar fossa of femur - gingival sulcus - gluteal sulcus -

Sulcus
Sulcus (plural "sulci") may refer to: - Gingival sulcus, the space between a tooth and surrounding tissue - Sulcus (morphology), a groove, crevice or furrow in medicine, botany, and zoology - Sulcus (neuroanatomy), a crevice on the surface of the brain - Sulcus (geology), a long parallel groove on a planet or a moon - In botany, sulci in seeds or pollen grains are colpi See also. - Sulci, an ancient town in southwest Sardinia notable for the Battle of Sulci in 258 BC - Sulcalization, a term in phonetics and phonology - Gyrification

Sulcus terminalis
Terminal sulcus or Sulcus terminalis may refer to: - Terminal sulcus (heart), a groove in the right atrium of the heart - Terminal sulcus (tongue), a groove that separates the tongue into a superior oral surface and a posterior pharyngeal surface

Sulcus of the tongue
Sulcus of the tongue may refer to: - Median sulcus of the tongue - Terminal sulcus of tongue

A sulcus is a groove, furrow, or fissure found in various contexts, including anatomy, morphology, geology, and botany. In anatomy, it refers to a groove on the surface of organs like the brain, heart, or tongue. In geology, it is a long parallel groove on a planet or moon.

Answer: A sulcus is a long parallel groove, a furrow or a crevice in various contexts such as geology, morphology, neuroanatomy, and botany. In anatomy, it can be a groove in the surface of an organ or a bone, while in geology it refers to a long parallel groove on a planet or a moon.


Question: What term is used to refer to the external female reproductive structures collectively?

Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In the human the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a foetus to full term. The internal sex organs are the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The uterus or womb accommodates the embryo which develops into the foetus. The uterus also produces vaginal and uterine secretions which help the transit of sperm to the Fallopian tubes. The ovaries produce the ova (egg cells). The external sex organs are also known as the "genitals" and these are the organs of the vulva including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. The vagina is

Gynoecium
Gynoecium (, from Ancient Greek , "gyne", meaning "woman", and , "oikos", meaning "house") is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) pistils and is typically surrounded by the pollen-producing reproductive organs, the stamens, collectively called the androecium. The gynoecium is often referred to as the "female" portion of the flower, although rather than directly producing female gametes (i.e. egg cells), the gynoecium produces megaspores, each of which develops into a female gametophyte which then produces egg cells. The term gynoecium is also used by botanists to refer to a cluster of archegonia and any associated

Reproductive system
reproductive system is a series of organs primarily located inside of the body and around the pelvic region of a female that contribute towards the reproductive process. The human female reproductive system contains three main parts: the vulva, which leads to the vagina, the vaginal opening, to the uterus; the uterus, which holds the developing fetus; and the ovaries, which produce the female's ova. The breasts are involved during the parenting stage of reproduction, but in most classifications they are not considered to be part of the female reproductive system. The vagina meets the outside at the vulva, which also includes the labia, clitoris and urethra; during intercourse this area is lubricated by mucus secreted by the Bartholin's glands. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the

Reproductive system
The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiated species often have significant differences. These differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness of the offspring. Animals. In mammals, the major organs of the reproductive system include the external genitalia (penis and vulva) as well as a number of internal organs, including the gamete-producing gonads (testicles and ovaries). Diseases of the human reproductive system are very common and widespread, particularly communicable sexually transmitted diseases. Most other

Uterine appendages
The uterine appendages (or adnexa of uterus) are the structures most closely related structurally and functionally to the uterus. Terminology. They can be defined in slightly different ways: - Some sources define the adnexa as the fallopian tubes and ovaries. - Others include the supporting tissues". - Another source defines the appendages as the "regions of the true pelvis posterior to the broad ligaments". - One dictionary includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and ligaments (without specifying precisely which ligaments are included). Clinical significance. The term "adnexitis" is sometimes used to describe an inflammation of the uterine appendages (adnexa). In this context, it replaces the terms oophoritis and salpingitis. The term adnexal mass is sometimes used when the location of a uterine mass is not yet more precisely known.

The term used to refer to the external female reproductive structures collectively is "vulva."

Answer: The term "vulva" is used to refer to the external female reproductive structures collectively. It includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. The vagina is the internal canal that leads to the uterus.


Question: What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?

Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections. Antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza; drugs which inhibit viruses are termed antiviral drugs or antivirals rather than antibiotics. Sometimes, the term "antibiotic" which means "opposing life", based on Greek roots, (ἀντι-) anti: "against" and (βίος-) biotic: "life", is broadly used to refer to any substance used against microbes, but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin) are those produced naturally (by one

Bacteria
The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, though many are beneficial, particularly in the gut flora. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector,

Theory of fundamental causes
top three causes of death were pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea. These conditions have been largely eradicated thanks to the development of antibiotics, vaccinations, sewage management systems, and improved education regarding sanitation and food handling. Because lower SES individuals were more likely to live in crowded, unsanitary conditions, it was thought that the improvement of these conditions would lead to an improvement in health. However, disparities in healthcare and health outcomes have persisted. Health has been linked to social class dating back to the early 19th century, when the French tracked mortality in connection with areas of poverty. Similarly, the English began documenting mortality by occupation in the mid-1800s. In the United States, more attention was paid to racial connections to health disparities up until 1973, when Evelyn M.

Antibiotic
between molds and microbes), the first known scholarly work to consider the therapeutic capabilities of molds resulting from their anti-microbial activity. In his thesis, Duchesne proposed that bacteria and molds engage in a perpetual battle for survival. Duchesne observed that "E. coli" was eliminated by "Penicillium glaucum" when they were both grown in the same culture. He also observed that when he inoculated laboratory animals with lethal doses of typhoid bacilli together with "Penicillium glaucum", the animals did not contract typhoid. Unfortunately Duchesne's army service after getting his degree prevented him from doing any further research. Duchesne died of tuberculosis, a disease now treated by antibiotics. In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming postulated the existence of penicillin, a molecule produced by certain molds that kills or stops the growth

Antibiotic
microorganism fighting another), whereas nonantibiotic antibacterials (such as sulfonamides and antiseptics) are fully synthetic. However, both classes have the same goal of killing or preventing the growth of microorganisms, and both are included in antimicrobial chemotherapy. "Antibacterials" include antiseptic drugs, antibacterial soaps, and chemical disinfectants, whereas antibiotics are an important class of antibacterials used more specifically in medicine and sometimes in livestock feed. Antibiotics have been used since ancient times. Many civilizations used topical application of mouldy bread, with many references to its beneficial effects arising from ancient Egypt, China, Serbia, Greece and Rome. The first person to directly document the use of moulds to treat infections was John Parkinson (1567–1650). Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century. Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) discovered modern day penicillin in 1928. After

Antibiotics helped eliminate tuberculosis, pneumonia, and diarrhea.

Answer: Antibiotics have helped eliminate or significantly reduce the incidence of various bacterial infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea, which were among the top causes of death in the past. They have also been instrumental in treating and preventing many other bacterial diseases.


Question: what are natural variations?

Natural process variation
Natural process variation, sometimes just called process variation, is the statistical description of natural fluctuations in process outputs. Equations. The following equations are used for an "x"-bar-control chart: In the example, with "n" = 10 samples, the targeted mean, formula_3, and standard error of the mean, formula_4 are: That is, independent 10-sample means should themselves have a standard deviation of 0.0316. It is natural that the means vary this much, for by the central limit theorem the means should have a normal distribution, regardless of the distribution of the samples themselves. The importance of knowing the natural process variation becomes clear when we apply statistical process control. In a stable process, the mean is on target; in the example, the target is the filling, set to 1 litre.

Natural process variation
any unnecessary changes to the process, which might add variance to the process, instead of removing it. References. - Douglas C. Montgomery, George C. Runger. "Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 4/e". Wiley, 2006. . - An Introduction to Understanding Variation - Respecting Natural Variation

Variation
Variation may refer to: Biology. - Genetic variation - Human genetic variation - Genetic diversity, differences within a species.variation may be defined as the differences among the individual of the same species. Intra specific variation among the different genera. They have two types somatic variation and germinal variation. Physics. - Magnetic variation, difference between magnetic north and true north, measured as an angle - Variation (astronomy), any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite, particularly of the moon Mathematics. - Bounded variation - p-variation, a family of seminorms of functions - Calculus of variations, a field of mathematics which deals with functions of functions - Coefficient of variation - "Variations without repetition", a term in combinatorics commonly used by non-English authors for "k"-permutations

Variation (music)
In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve melody, rhythm, harmony, counterpoint, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these. Variation techniques. Mozart's Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman" (1785), known in the English-speaking world as "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" exemplifies a number of common variation techniques. Here are the first eight bars of the theme: Variation techniques.:Melodic variation. Mozart's first variation decorates and elaborates the plain melodic line: Variation techniques.:Rhythmic variation. The fifth variation breaks up the steady pulse and creates syncopated off-beats: Variation techniques.:Harmonic variation. The seventh variation introduces powerful new chords, which replace the simple harmonies originally implied by the theme with a prolongational series of descending fifths: Variation techniques.:Minor mode. In the elaborate

Variation
of "n" - "Variations with repetition", a term in combinatorics commonly used by non-English authors for "n"-tuples Arts. - Variation (music), a formal technique where material is altered during repetition - Variations (Cage), a series of works by American avant-garde composer John Cage - "Variations" (musical), 1982 Australian musical by Nick Enright and Terence Clarke - Variations (Stravinsky), Igor Stravinsky's last orchestral composition written in 1963–64 - Elegant variation, the gratuitous use of a synonym in prose - "Variation", album by Akina Nakamori - Les Variations, a French rock group - "Variations" (Andrew Lloyd Webber album), 1978 - "Variations" (Eddie Rabbitt album), 1978 - "Variations on Selected Themes for Jazz", by John Carter, 1979 - "Variations" (journal), a journal of literature published by Peter Lang Arts.:Ballet. - Variation

Natural variations refer to the natural fluctuations in process outputs due to inherent randomness, as opposed to special causes of variation. They are statistical variations that occur in a stable process and are expected to follow a normal distribution, as described by the central limit theorem. Understanding natural process variation is essential for statistical process control to determine if a process is in control or out of control.

Answer: Natural variations refer to the natural fluctuations in process outputs, described statistically. In the context of quality control, it's the inherent variability in a process that should not be unnecessarily changed. This concept is important for understanding process behavior and implementing statistical process control.