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license: apache-2.0
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---
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# WordLlamaDetect
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- laurievb/OpenLID-v2
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---
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# WordLlama Detect
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**WordLlama Detect** is a [WordLlama](https://github.com/dleemiller/WordLlama)-like library focused on the task of language identification.
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It supports identification of **148 languages**, and high accuracy and fast CPU & numpy-only inference.
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WordLlama detect was trained from static token embeddings extracted from *Gemma3*-series LLMs.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/65ff92ea467d83751a727538/6xqLD9ciun2KIgCiC9w6T.png" alt="WordLlamaDetect" width="60%">
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</p>
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## Overview
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**Features:**
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- NumPy-only inference with no PyTorch dependency
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- Pre-trained model (148 languages), with 103 @ >95% accuracy
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- Sparse lookup table (13MB)
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- Fast inference: >70k texts/s single thread
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- Simple interface
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## Installation
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```bash
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pip install wldetect
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```
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Or install from source:
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/dleemiller/WordLlamaDetect.git
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cd WordLlamaDetect
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uv sync
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```
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## Quick Start
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### Python API
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```python
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from wldetect import WLDetect
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# Load bundled model (no path needed)
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wld = WLDetect.load()
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# Detect language for single text
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lang, confidence = wld.predict("Hello, how are you today?")
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# ('eng_Latn', 0.9564036726951599)
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```
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### CLI Usage
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```bash
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# Detect from text
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uv run wldetect detect --text "Bonjour le monde"
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# Detect from file
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uv run wldetect detect --file input.txt
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```
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## Included Model
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WLDetect ships with a pre-trained model based on concatenated Gemma3-27B + Gemma3-4B token embeddings:
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- **Languages**: 148 (from OpenLID-v2 dataset)
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- **Accuracy**: 92.92% on FLORES+ dev set
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- **F1 (macro)**: 92.74%
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- **Language codes**: ISO 639-3 + ISO 15924 script (e.g., `eng_Latn`, `cmn_Hans`, `arb_Arab`)
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> [!TIP]
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> See [docs/languages.md](docs/languages.md) for the complete list of supported languages with performance metrics.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Gemma3 is a good choice for this application, because it was trained on over 140 languages.
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> The tokenizer, vocab size (262k) and multi-language training are critical for performance.
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## Architecture
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### Simple Inference Pipeline (NumPy-only)
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1. **Tokenize**: Use HuggingFace fast tokenizer (512-length truncation)
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2. **Lookup**: Index into pre-computed exponential lookup table (vocab_size × n_languages)
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3. **Pool**: LogSum pooling over token sequence
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4. **Softmax**: Calculate language probabilities
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The lookup table is pre-trained using: `exp((embeddings * token_weights) @ projection.T + bias)`,
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where embeddings are frozen token embeddings from Gemma3, trained with focal loss on OpenLID-v2.
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During training, token vectors are aggregated using *logsumexp* pooling along the sequence dimension.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> To optimize artifact size and compute, we perform `exp(logits)` before saving the lookup table.
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> Then we apply a threshold to make the table *sparse*.
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> This reduces the artifact size 10x (~130mb -> 13mb), with negligable performance degradation.
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### Sparse Lookup Table
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The lookup table uses sparse COO (Coordinate) format with configurable sparsification threshold:
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- **Sparsity**: 97.15% (values below threshold (<10) set to zero)
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- **Format**: COO (row, col, data) indices stored as int32, values as fp32
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- **Performance impact**: Negligible (0.003% accuracy loss)
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## Performance
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### FLORES+ Benchmark Results
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Evaluated on FLORES+ dataset (148 languages, ~1k sentences per language):
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| Split | Accuracy | F1 (macro) | F1 (weighted) | Samples |
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|---------|----------|------------|---------------|----------|
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| dev | 92.92% | 92.74% | 92.75% | 150,547 |
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| devtest | 92.86% | 92.71% | 92.69% | 153,824 |
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See [docs/languages.md](docs/languages.md) for detailed results.
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### Inference Speed
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Benchmarked on 12th gen Intel-i9 (single thread):
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- **Single text**: 71,500 texts/second (0.014 ms/text)
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- **Batch (1000)**: 82,500 texts/second (12.1 ms/batch)
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## Supported Languages
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The bundled model supports 148 languages from the OpenLID-v2 dataset. Languages use ISO 639-3 language codes with ISO 15924 script codes (e.g., `eng_Latn`, `cmn_Hans`, `arb_Arab`).
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See [model_config.yaml](src/wldetect/models/model_config.yaml) for the complete list of supported languages.
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## Training
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### Installation for Training
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```bash
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# CPU or default CUDA version
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uv sync --extra training
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# With CUDA 12.8 (Blackwell)
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uv sync --extra cu128
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```
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### Training Pipeline
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1. **Configure model** in `configs/models/custom-config.yaml`:
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```yaml
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model:
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name: google/gemma-3-27b-pt
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hidden_dim: 5376
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shard_pattern: model-00001-of-00012.safetensors
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embedding_layer_name: language_model.model.embed_tokens.weight
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languages:
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eng_Latn: 0
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spa_Latn: 1
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fra_Latn: 2
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# ... add more languages
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inference:
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max_sequence_length: 512
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pooling: logsumexp
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```
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2. **Configure training** in `configs/training/custom-training.yaml`:
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```yaml
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model_config_path: "configs/models/custom-model.yaml"
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dataset:
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name: "laurievb/OpenLID-v2"
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filter_languages: true
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training:
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batch_size: 1536
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learning_rate: 0.002
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epochs: 2
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```
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3. **Train**:
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```bash
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uv run wldetect train --config configs/training/custom-training.yaml
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```
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Artifacts saved to `artifacts/`:
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- `lookup_table_exp.safetensors` - Sparse exp lookup table (for inference)
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- `projection.safetensors` - Projection matrix (fp32, for fine-tuning)
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- `model_config.yaml` - Model configuration
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- `model.pt` - Full PyTorch checkpoint
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### Training Commands
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```bash
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# Train model
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uv run wldetect train --config configs/training/gemma3-27b.yaml
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# Evaluate on FLORES+
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uv run wldetect eval --model-path artifacts/ --split dev
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# Generate sparse lookup table from checkpoint (default: threshold=10.0)
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uv run wldetect create-lookup \
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--checkpoint artifacts/checkpoints/checkpoint_step_100000.pt \
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--config configs/training/gemma3-27b.yaml \
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--output-dir artifacts/
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```
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### Training Details
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- **Embedding extraction**: Downloads only embedding tensor shards from HuggingFace (not full models)
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- **Dataset**: OpenLID-v2 with configurable language filtering and balancing
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- **Model**: Simple linear projection (hidden_dim → n_languages) with dropout
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- **Pooling**: LogSumExp or max pooling over token sequences
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- **Training time**: ~2-4 hours on GPU for 2 epochs (150 languages, 5000 samples/language)
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- **Evaluation**: Automatic FLORES+ evaluation after training
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## License
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Apache 2.0 License
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## Citations
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If you use WordLlama Detect in your research or project, please consider citing it as follows:
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```bibtex
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@software{miller2025wordllamadetect,
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author = {Miller, D. Lee},
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title = {WordLlama Detect: The Language of the Token},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://github.com/dleemiller/WordLlamaDetect},
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version = {0.1.0}
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}
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```
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## Acknowledgments
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- OpenLID-v2 dataset: [laurievb/OpenLID-v2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/laurievb/OpenLID-v2)
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- FLORES+ dataset: [openlanguagedata/flores_plus](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openlanguagedata/flores_plus)
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- HuggingFace transformers and tokenizers libraries
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- Google Gemma model team
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