---
base_model:
- griffith-bigdata/Qwen-2.5-Coder-3B-SQL-Writer
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
tags:
- text-to-sql
- bird
- grpo
- finer-sql
- code
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
---

# FINER-SQL-3B-BIRD

Trained from [`griffith-bigdata/Qwen-2.5-Coder-3B-SQL-Writer`](https://huggingface.co/griffith-bigdata/Qwen-2.5-Coder-3B-SQL-Writer) using GRPO with two dense rewards from the FINER-SQL paper:

🧠 **Memory Reward** — aligns reasoning with verified traces
⚙️ **Atomic Reward** — measures operation-level SQL overlap

✅ **67.5% Execution Accuracy on BIRD Dev** when training only on BIRD train. Inference runs on a single 12–24 GB GPU.

📄 See other models: https://huggingface.co/collections/griffith-bigdata/finer-sql
📄 GitHub: https://github.com/thanhdath/finer-sql/tree/main

---

## Comparison: FINER-SQL-3B-BIRD vs FINER-SQL-3B-Spider

Both models share the same Qwen-2.5-Coder-3B-SQL-Writer base. They differ only in the GRPO fine-tuning dataset (BIRD train vs Spider train).

| Model | BIRD Dev (n=30, vav) | Spider Dev (n=30, vav, +agg_hint) | When to use |
|-------|---------------------|----------------------------------|-------------|
| **FINER-SQL-3B-BIRD** *(this model)* | **67.54%** ✅ | 83.8% | Production BIRD; cross-domain SQL where train is BIRD-like |
| [FINER-SQL-3B-Spider](https://huggingface.co/griffith-bigdata/FINER-SQL-3B-Spider) | 63.04% | **85.1%** ✅ | Production Spider / spider-style schemas |

**Why two checkpoints?** BIRD and Spider use different SQL annotation conventions (BIRD: verbose, evidence-based, alias-heavy; Spider: terse, aggregate-first GROUP BY, exact ORDER BY direction). A single model trained on either dataset specialises to its annotations and loses ~1–4 pp on the other benchmark. We tried joint training and inference-time prompt tricks; they bridge most of the gap but the last 1–2 pp on each benchmark requires the dataset-specific checkpoint.

---

## Inference

### Quick start (vLLM)

```python
from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

llm = LLM(
    model="griffith-bigdata/FINER-SQL-3B-BIRD",
    dtype="bfloat16",
    max_model_len=4096,
    gpu_memory_utilization=0.85,
)

system_prompt = """You are a meticulous SQL expert. Generate a single, correct SQL query for the user question and the provided database schema.
Follow this exact response format:

Rules:
- Output exactly one SQL statement.
- The SQL must be executable on SQLite.
- Do not include any explanatory text.
- Output one SQL statement only. Do not include any extra text, tags, or code fences."""

# Generate n=30 candidates with t=1.0, then majority-vote with VAV
sampling = SamplingParams(n=30, temperature=1.0, max_tokens=2048)

messages = [
    {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
    {"role": "user", "content": f"Database Schema:\n{schema}\n\nQuestion: {question}\n\nEvidence: {evidence}"},
]
output = llm.chat(messages, sampling)
candidate_sqls = [c.text.split("</think>")[-1].strip() for c in output[0].outputs]
# Then run majority voting (vav) — see the GitHub repo for the selector
```

### Recommended evaluation pipeline

1. Generate n=30 SQL candidates per question with temperature=1.0
2. Execute each candidate against the database, collect result tuples
3. Group candidates by execution result; pick the candidate from the **largest non-empty success group** that does **not** match the all-zero or empty pattern (value-aware voting, "vav")
4. Score against gold SQL with the official BIRD evaluator

This pipeline gives 67.54% BIRD Dev EX. See [`evaluation/`](https://github.com/thanhdath/finer-sql/tree/main/evaluation) in the repo for the reference implementation.

---

## Detailed BIRD Dev results (n=30, vav, V2 prompts)

| Difficulty | Count | Execution Accuracy |
|------------|-------|--------------------|
| Simple | 925 | 74.16% |
| Moderate | 464 | 58.41% |
| Challenging | 145 | 54.48% |
| **All** | **1534** | **67.54%** |

Recall@30 (any-correct rate among 30 candidates): **82.2%**.

---

## Cross-benchmark: this model on Spider Dev

If you must use a single model across both benchmarks, this checkpoint plus a one-line system-prompt addition gets close to the Spider specialist:

| Setup | Spider Official EX |
|-------|--------------------|
| Default (no prompt change) | 83.2% |
| **+ "list aggregates BEFORE grouping columns" rule** | **83.8%** |
| FINER-SQL-3B-Spider (specialist) | 85.1% |

To enable the Spider-friendly mode, append to the system prompt:
```
- When using GROUP BY, list aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX) in the SELECT clause BEFORE the grouping column(s).
```

---

## Training

| Parameter | Value |
|-----------|-------|
| Base model | `griffith-bigdata/Qwen-2.5-Coder-3B-SQL-Writer` |
| Algorithm | GRPO |
| Train data | BIRD train (V2 prompts, top-30 GRAST schema) |
| Learning rate | 8e-6 |
| Num generations per prompt | 32 |
| Gradient accumulation | 32 |
| Max completion length | 2048 |
| Max prompt length | 4096 |
| Temperature (rollout) | 1.0 |
| Selection during eval | vav (value-aware voting) |
| Rewards | Execution + Atomic + Memory + Format |
| GPU | 1× A6000 48 GB |

---

## License

Inherits the base model's license (Apache 2.0). Not for medical, legal, or other safety-critical autonomous decision-making.

---

## Citation

```bibtex
@article{finer-sql-2026,
  title  = {FINER-SQL: Fine-grained reasoning rewards for small Text-to-SQL models},
  author = {Thanh Dat and others},
  year   = {2026},
}
```