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@@ -29,32 +29,299 @@ These checkpoints are released to support continued pretraining, fine-tuning, an
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  ### Key features
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  + **Sparse MoE architecture:** 128 routed experts, with only 8 routed experts and 1 shared expert activated per token. This enables broad model capabilities while activating just 1.3B parameters per token;
31
  + **Native hybrid linear attention:** Ling-3.0 series adopt a native hybrid linear attention architecture from the very start of pretraining by combining KDA with Gated MLA to enable efficient processing of long-context inputs.
32
- + **[**Warmup-Stable and Merge](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17634):** We replace conventional learning-rate decay with weighted checkpoint merging. By eliminating the decay phase, our Base Model is better suited for continual pretraining and dynamic data expansion, while enabling offline exploration of different decay profiles without rerunning costly experiments for each strategy.
33
  + **Scale Seamlessly:** Ling-3.0-tiny-base and Ling-3.0-flash-base share the same training recipe, enabling community to experiment on the Ling-3.0-tiny-base first and then scale validated training strategies to the larger Ling-3.0-flash-base.
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- | Model Type | Base (final checkpoint of pre-training) |
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- |---|---|
38
- | Architecture | Hybrid-linear MoE |
39
- | Parameter Scale | Totoal 7.9B, Activated 1.3B |
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- | Transformer Layers | 18 KDA + 6 Gated MLA (3:1) |
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- | Number of Dense Layers | 1 |
42
- | Number of Routed Experts | 128 |
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- | Number of Shared Experts | 1 |
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- | Number of Activated Experts | 8 |
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- | Attention Heads | 16 |
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- | Hidden Size | 1536 |
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- | Expert Intermediate Size | 512 |
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- | Dense Intermediate Size | 4608 |
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- | Vocabulary Size | 157,184 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- <img src="https://intranetproxy.alipay.com/skylark/lark/0/2026/png/62256938/1787120625910-bb0c32bd-7e6b-4354-ac65-fa5b747d8bff.png" width="968.5" title="" crop="0,0,1,1" id="ud5147f99" class="ne-image">
 
 
 
 
 
 
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54
  ## Base Model Evaluation
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  To systematically assess the capabilities of the base model, we use a self-built comprehensive benchmark suite covering several key domains, including knowledge, coding, mathematics, reasoning, multilingual understanding, and long-context comprehension. The performance of the pretrained base checkpoint, i.e., `Ling-3.0-tiny-base`, is compared below:
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- <img src="https://intranetproxy.alipay.com/skylark/lark/0/2026/png/62256938/1787145422924-5c03d4b9-ee56-4d84-8927-58edb24b24c1.png" width="1578.5" title="" crop="0,0,1,1" id="u9090be40" class="ne-image">
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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59
  ## **Intended Use**
60
  Recommended use cases:
 
29
  ### Key features
30
  + **Sparse MoE architecture:** 128 routed experts, with only 8 routed experts and 1 shared expert activated per token. This enables broad model capabilities while activating just 1.3B parameters per token;
31
  + **Native hybrid linear attention:** Ling-3.0 series adopt a native hybrid linear attention architecture from the very start of pretraining by combining KDA with Gated MLA to enable efficient processing of long-context inputs.
32
+ + **[Warmup-Stable and Merge](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17634):** We replace conventional learning-rate decay with weighted checkpoint merging. By eliminating the decay phase, our Base Model is better suited for continual pretraining and dynamic data expansion, while enabling offline exploration of different decay profiles without rerunning costly experiments for each strategy.
33
  + **Scale Seamlessly:** Ling-3.0-tiny-base and Ling-3.0-flash-base share the same training recipe, enabling community to experiment on the Ling-3.0-tiny-base first and then scale validated training strategies to the larger Ling-3.0-flash-base.
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+ <div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%;">
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+ <table style="text-align: center;">
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+ <thead>
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+ <tr>
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+ <th align="center">Model Type</th>
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+ <th align="center">Base (final checkpoint of pre-training)</th>
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+ </tr>
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+ </thead>
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+ <tbody>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Architecture</td><td align="center">Hybrid-linear MoE</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Parameter Scale</td><td align="center">Totoal 7.9B, Activated 1.3B</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Transformer Layers</td><td align="center">18 KDA + 6 Gated MLA (3:1)</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Number of Dense Layers</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Number of Routed Experts</td><td align="center">128</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Number of Shared Experts</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Number of Activated Experts</td><td align="center">8</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Attention Heads</td><td align="center">16</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Hidden Size</td><td align="center">1536</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Expert Intermediate Size</td><td align="center">512</td></tr>
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+ <tr><td align="center">Dense Intermediate Size</td><td align="center">4608</td></tr>
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+ </tbody>
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+ </table>
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+ </div>
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+ <p align="center">
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+ <img
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+ src="https://intranetproxy.alipay.com/skylark/lark/0/2026/png/62256938/1787120625910-bb0c32bd-7e6b-4354-ac65-fa5b747d8bff.png"
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+ width="969"
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+ alt=""
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+ >
67
+ </p>
68
 
69
  ## Base Model Evaluation
70
  To systematically assess the capabilities of the base model, we use a self-built comprehensive benchmark suite covering several key domains, including knowledge, coding, mathematics, reasoning, multilingual understanding, and long-context comprehension. The performance of the pretrained base checkpoint, i.e., `Ling-3.0-tiny-base`, is compared below:
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+ <style>
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+ .benchmark-table {
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+ border-collapse: collapse;
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+ margin: 0 auto;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table th,
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+ .benchmark-table td {
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+ padding: 0.55rem 0.8rem;
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+ text-align: center !important;
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+ vertical-align: middle;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table .ling {
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+ background-color: #e7f6ff;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table thead .ling {
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+ color: #1677ff;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table thead tr:first-child .ling {
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+ border-radius: 28px 28px 0 0;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table tbody tr:last-child .ling {
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+ border-radius: 0 0 28px 28px;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table .section-start > * {
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+ border-top: 2px solid #d0d7de;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table ins {
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+ text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
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+ text-underline-offset: 0.12em;
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+ }
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+
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+ .benchmark-table .table-footnote {
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+ padding-top: 0.85rem;
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+ text-align: left !important;
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+ color: #57606a;
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+ font-size: 0.9em;
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+ }
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+ </style>
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+
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+ <table class="benchmark-table" align="center">
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+ <thead>
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+ <tr align="center">
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+ <th align="center" rowspan="2">Domain</th>
122
+ <th align="center" rowspan="2">Benchmark</th>
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+ <th align="center" rowspan="2">Shot Config</th>
124
+ <th align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff">Ling-3.0-tiny-base</th>
125
+ <th align="center">Ling-2.5-mini-base</th>
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+ <th align="center">Qwen3.5-9B-base</th>
127
+ <th align="center">Qwen3.5-4B-base</th>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr align="center">
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+ <th align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff">7.9B A1.3B</th>
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+ <th align="center">16B A1.4B</th>
132
+ <th align="center">9B</th>
133
+ <th align="center">4B</th>
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+ </tr>
135
+ </thead>
136
+ <tbody>
137
+ <tr align="center">
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+ <th align="center" rowspan="6">Knowledge</th>
139
+ <th align="center">CCPM<sub>(EM)</sub></th>
140
+ <td align="center">0-shot</td>
141
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>84.01</ins></td>
142
+ <td align="center">80.77</td>
143
+ <td align="center"><strong>88.31</strong></td>
144
+ <td align="center">81.88</td>
145
+ </tr>
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+ <tr align="center">
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+ <th align="center">ARC-C<sub>(EM)</sub></th>
148
+ <td align="center">0-shot</td>
149
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>92.20</ins></td>
150
+ <td align="center">91.19</td>
151
+ <td align="center"><strong>94.58</strong></td>
152
+ <td align="center"><ins>92.20</ins></td>
153
+ </tr>
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+ <tr align="center">
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+ <th align="center">AGIEval<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
156
+ <td align="center">0-shot</td>
157
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>64.49</ins></td>
158
+ <td align="center">63.38</td>
159
+ <td align="center"><strong>66.17</strong></td>
160
+ <td align="center">61.45</td>
161
+ </tr>
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+ <tr align="center">
163
+ <th align="center">SimpleQA-Verified<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
164
+ <td align="center">5-shot</td>
165
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>7.20</ins></td>
166
+ <td align="center">7.10</td>
167
+ <td align="center"><strong>10.40</strong></td>
168
+ <td align="center">6.40</td>
169
+ </tr>
170
+ <tr align="center">
171
+ <th align="center">MMLU-Pro<sub>(EM)</sub></th>
172
+ <td align="center">5-shot</td>
173
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff">51.83</td>
174
+ <td align="center">49.89</td>
175
+ <td align="center"><strong>57.76</strong></td>
176
+ <td align="center"><ins>52.06</ins></td>
177
+ </tr>
178
+ <tr align="center">
179
+ <th align="center">CEval<sub>(EM)</sub></th>
180
+ <td align="center">5-shot</td>
181
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>80.59</ins></td>
182
+ <td align="center">80.16</td>
183
+ <td align="center"><strong>81.52</strong></td>
184
+ <td align="center">76.67</td>
185
+ </tr>
186
+ <tr align="center" class="section-start">
187
+ <th align="center" rowspan="7">Code</th>
188
+ <th align="center">HumanEval-Plus<sub>(Pass@1)</sub></th>
189
+ <td align="center">0-shot</td>
190
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><strong>79.27</strong></td>
191
+ <td align="center"><ins>76.22</ins></td>
192
+ <td align="center">52.44</td>
193
+ <td align="center">49.39</td>
194
+ </tr>
195
+ <tr align="center">
196
+ <th align="center">CruxEval<sub>(Pass@1)</sub></th>
197
+ <td align="center">1-shot</td>
198
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>67.44</ins></td>
199
+ <td align="center">63.19</td>
200
+ <td align="center"><strong>68.12</strong></td>
201
+ <td align="center">64.31</td>
202
+ </tr>
203
+ <tr align="center">
204
+ <th align="center">MultiPL-E<sub>(Pass@1)</sub></th>
205
+ <td align="center">1-shot</td>
206
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><strong>64.38</strong></td>
207
+ <td align="center"><ins>64.34</ins></td>
208
+ <td align="center">52.89</td>
209
+ <td align="center">45.47</td>
210
+ </tr>
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+ <tr align="center">
212
+ <th align="center">LiveCodeBench<sup>1</sup><sub>(Pass@1)</sub></th>
213
+ <td align="center">1-shot</td>
214
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><strong>24.23</strong></td>
215
+ <td align="center"><ins>22.91</ins></td>
216
+ <td align="center">18.06</td>
217
+ <td align="center">13.88</td>
218
+ </tr>
219
+ <tr align="center">
220
+ <th align="center">BigCodeBench<sub>(Pass@1)</sub></th>
221
+ <td align="center">0-shot</td>
222
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><strong>42.89</strong></td>
223
+ <td align="center"><ins>42.54</ins></td>
224
+ <td align="center">29.39</td>
225
+ <td align="center">24.39</td>
226
+ </tr>
227
+ <tr align="center">
228
+ <th align="center">FullStackBench<sub>(Pass@1)</sub></th>
229
+ <td align="center">3-shot</td>
230
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><strong>39.48</strong></td>
231
+ <td align="center"><ins>38.59</ins></td>
232
+ <td align="center">37.23</td>
233
+ <td align="center">33.14</td>
234
+ </tr>
235
+ <tr align="center">
236
+ <th align="center">LCBench<sup>2</sup><sub>(Pass@1)</sub></th>
237
+ <td align="center">3-shot</td>
238
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>41.59</ins></td>
239
+ <td align="center"><strong>46.16</strong></td>
240
+ <td align="center">33.47</td>
241
+ <td align="center">19.46</td>
242
+ </tr>
243
+ <tr align="center" class="section-start">
244
+ <th align="center" rowspan="4">Math</th>
245
+ <th align="center">MATH500<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
246
+ <td align="center">4-shot</td>
247
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>65.60</ins></td>
248
+ <td align="center"><strong>68.40</strong></td>
249
+ <td align="center">55.20</td>
250
+ <td align="center">49.60</td>
251
+ </tr>
252
+ <tr align="center">
253
+ <th align="center">OlympiadBench<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
254
+ <td align="center">3-shot</td>
255
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><strong>25.90</strong></td>
256
+ <td align="center"><ins>24.10</ins></td>
257
+ <td align="center">21.84</td>
258
+ <td align="center">17.02</td>
259
+ </tr>
260
+ <tr align="center">
261
+ <th align="center">TheoremQA<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
262
+ <td align="center">5-shot</td>
263
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>51.64</ins></td>
264
+ <td align="center">50.68</td>
265
+ <td align="center"><strong>52.88</strong></td>
266
+ <td align="center">47.40</td>
267
+ </tr>
268
+ <tr align="center">
269
+ <th align="center">OmniMath<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
270
+ <td align="center">3-shot</td>
271
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><strong>29.70</strong></td>
272
+ <td align="center"><ins>29.02</ins></td>
273
+ <td align="center">22.99</td>
274
+ <td align="center">20.89</td>
275
+ </tr>
276
+ <tr align="center" class="section-start">
277
+ <th align="center" rowspan="2">Reasoning</th>
278
+ <th align="center">CommonSenseQA<sub>(EM)</sub></th>
279
+ <td align="center">5-shot</td>
280
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>83.46</ins></td>
281
+ <td align="center">81.16</td>
282
+ <td align="center"><strong>83.62</strong></td>
283
+ <td align="center">80.18</td>
284
+ </tr>
285
+ <tr align="center">
286
+ <th align="center">BBH<sub>(EM)</sub></th>
287
+ <td align="center">3-shot</td>
288
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>80.64</ins></td>
289
+ <td align="center">77.37</td>
290
+ <td align="center"><strong>84.52</strong></td>
291
+ <td align="center">80.11</td>
292
+ </tr>
293
+ <tr align="center" class="section-start">
294
+ <th align="center" rowspan="2">Long-context</th>
295
+ <th align="center">LongBench<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
296
+ <td align="center">0-shot</td>
297
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>43.85</ins></td>
298
+ <td align="center">29.93</td>
299
+ <td align="center"><strong>51.87</strong></td>
300
+ <td align="center">39.96</td>
301
+ </tr>
302
+ <tr align="center">
303
+ <th align="center">LEval<sub>(Acc)</sub></th>
304
+ <td align="center">0-shot</td>
305
+ <td align="center" class="ling" bgcolor="#e7f6ff"><ins>68.37</ins></td>
306
+ <td align="center">62.72</td>
307
+ <td align="center"><strong>77.24</strong></td>
308
+ <td align="center">63.09</td>
309
+ </tr>
310
+ </tbody>
311
+ <tfoot>
312
+ <tr>
313
+ <td class="table-footnote" colspan="7" align="left">
314
+ <strong>Note:</strong><br>
315
+ <sup>1</sup> LiveCodeBench (2408-2505)<br>
316
+ <sup>2</sup> LCBench (2301-2502)
317
+ </td>
318
+ </tr>
319
+ </tfoot>
320
+ </table>
321
+
322
+
323
+
324
+ <!-- <img src="https://intranetproxy.alipay.com/skylark/lark/0/2026/png/62256938/1787145422924-5c03d4b9-ee56-4d84-8927-58edb24b24c1.png" width="1578.5" title="" crop="0,0,1,1" id="u9090be40" class="ne-image"> -->
325
 
326
  ## **Intended Use**
327
  Recommended use cases: