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from ..entities.soilProfile import SoilProfile
from ..entities.crop import Crop
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
if TYPE_CHECKING:
# Important: classes are only imported when types are checked, not in production.
from aquacrop.entities.soilProfile import SoilProfile
from aquacrop.entities.crop import Crop
from numpy import ndarray
def root_development(
Crop: "Crop",
prof: "SoilProfile",
NewCond_DAP: float,
NewCond_Zroot: float,
NewCond_DelayedCDs: float,
NewCond_GDDcum: float,
NewCond_DelayedGDDs: float,
NewCond_TrRatio: float,
NewCond_th: "ndarray",
NewCond_CC: float,
NewCond_CC_NS: float,
NewCond_Germination: bool,
NewCond_rCor: float,
NewCond_Tpot: float,
NewCond_zGW: float,
gdd: float,
growing_season: bool,
water_table_presence: int,
) -> float:
"""
Function to calculate root zone expansion
<a href="https://www.fao.org/3/BR248E/br248e.pdf#page=46" target="_blank">Reference Manual: root developement equations</a> (pg. 37-41)
Arguments:
Crop (Crop): crop params
prof (SoilProfile): soilv profile paramaters
NewCond_DAP (float): days after planting
NewCond_Zroot (float): root depth
NewCond_DelayedCDs (float): delayed calendar days
NewCond_GDDcum (float): cumulative growing degree days
NewCond_TrRatio (float): transpiration ratio
NewCond_CC (float): canopy cover
NewCond_CC_NS (float): canopy cover no-stress
NewCond_Germination (float): germination flag
NewCond_rCor (float):
NewCond_DAP (float): days after planting
NewCond_Tpot (float): potential transpiration
NewCond_zGW (float): groundwater depth
gdd (float): Growing degree days on current day
growing_season (bool): is growing season (True or Flase)
water_table_presence (int): water table present (True=1 or Flase=0)
Returns:
NewCond_Zroot (float): updated rooting depth
"""
# Store initial conditions for updating
# NewCond = InitCond
# save initial zroot
Zroot_init = float(NewCond_Zroot) * 1.0
Soil_nLayer = np.unique(prof.Layer).shape[0]
# Calculate root expansion (if in growing season)
if growing_season == True:
# If today is first day of season, root depth is equal to minimum depth
if NewCond_DAP == 1:
NewCond_Zroot = float(Crop.Zmin) * 1.0
Zroot_init = float(Crop.Zmin) * 1.0
# Adjust time for any delayed development
if Crop.CalendarType == 1:
tAdj = NewCond_DAP - NewCond_DelayedCDs
elif Crop.CalendarType == 2:
tAdj = NewCond_GDDcum - NewCond_DelayedGDDs
# Calculate root expansion #
Zini = Crop.Zmin * (Crop.PctZmin / 100)
t0 = round((Crop.Emergence / 2))
tmax = Crop.MaxRooting
if Crop.CalendarType == 1:
tOld = tAdj - 1
elif Crop.CalendarType == 2:
tOld = tAdj - gdd
# Potential root depth on previous day
if tOld >= tmax:
ZrOld = Crop.Zmax
elif tOld <= t0:
ZrOld = Zini
else:
X = (tOld - t0) / (tmax - t0)
ZrOld = Zini + (Crop.Zmax - Zini) * np.power(X, 1 / Crop.fshape_r)
if ZrOld < Crop.Zmin:
ZrOld = Crop.Zmin
# Potential root depth on current day
if tAdj >= tmax:
Zr = Crop.Zmax
elif tAdj <= t0:
Zr = Zini
else:
X = (tAdj - t0) / (tmax - t0)
Zr = Zini + (Crop.Zmax - Zini) * np.power(X, 1 / Crop.fshape_r)
if Zr < Crop.Zmin:
Zr = Crop.Zmin
# Store Zr as potential value
ZrPot = Zr
# Determine rate of change
dZr = Zr - ZrOld
# Adjust expansion rate for presence of restrictive soil horizons
if Zr > Crop.Zmin:
layeri = 1
l_idx = np.argwhere(prof.Layer == layeri).flatten()
Zsoil = prof.dz[l_idx].sum()
while (round(Zsoil, 2) <= Crop.Zmin) and (layeri < Soil_nLayer):
layeri = layeri + 1
l_idx = np.argwhere(prof.Layer == layeri).flatten()
Zsoil = Zsoil + prof.dz[l_idx].sum()
soil_layer_dz = prof.dz[l_idx].sum()
layer_comp = l_idx[0]
# soil_layer = prof.Layer[layeri]
ZrAdj = Crop.Zmin
ZrRemain = Zr - Crop.Zmin
deltaZ = Zsoil - Crop.Zmin
EndProf = False
while EndProf == False:
ZrTest = ZrAdj + (ZrRemain * (prof.Penetrability[layer_comp] / 100))
if (
(layeri == Soil_nLayer)
or (prof.Penetrability[layer_comp] == 0)
or (ZrTest <= Zsoil)
):
ZrOUT = ZrTest
EndProf = True
else:
ZrAdj = Zsoil
ZrRemain = ZrRemain - (deltaZ / (prof.Penetrability[layer_comp] / 100))
layeri = layeri + 1
l_idx = np.argwhere(prof.Layer == layeri).flatten()
layer_comp = l_idx[0]
soil_layer_dz = prof.dz[l_idx].sum()
Zsoil = Zsoil + soil_layer_dz
deltaZ = soil_layer_dz
# Correct Zr and dZr for effects of restrictive horizons
Zr = max(ZrOUT, ZrOld)
dZr = Zr - ZrOld
# Adjust rate of expansion for any stomatal water stress
if NewCond_TrRatio < 0.9999:
if Crop.fshape_ex >= 0:
dZr = dZr * NewCond_TrRatio
else:
fAdj = (np.exp(NewCond_TrRatio * Crop.fshape_ex) - 1) / (np.exp(Crop.fshape_ex) - 1)
dZr = dZr * fAdj
# print(NewCond.dap,NewCond.th)
# Adjust rate of root expansion for dry soil at expansion front
if dZr > 0.001:
# Define water stress threshold for inhibition of root expansion
pZexp = Crop.p_up[1] + ((1 - Crop.p_up[1]) / 2)
# Define potential new root depth
ZiTmp = float(Zroot_init + dZr)
# Find compartment that root zone will expand in to
# compi_index = prof.dzsum[prof.dzsum>=ZiTmp].index[0] # have changed to index
idx = np.argwhere(prof.dzsum >= ZiTmp).flatten()[0]
prof = prof
# Get taw in compartment
layeri = prof.Layer[idx]
TAWprof = prof.th_fc[idx] - prof.th_wp[idx]
# Define stress threshold
thThr = prof.th_fc[idx] - (pZexp * TAWprof)
# Check for stress conditions
if NewCond_th[idx] < thThr:
# Root expansion limited by water content at expansion front
if NewCond_th[idx] <= prof.th_wp[idx]:
# Expansion fully inhibited
dZr = 0
else:
# Expansion partially inhibited
Wrel = (prof.th_fc[idx] - NewCond_th[idx]) / TAWprof
Drel = 1 - ((1 - Wrel) / (1 - pZexp))
Ks = 1 - (
(np.exp(Drel * Crop.fshape_w[1]) - 1) / (np.exp(Crop.fshape_w[1]) - 1)
)
dZr = dZr * Ks
# Adjust for early senescence
if (NewCond_CC <= 0) and (NewCond_CC_NS > 0.5):
dZr = 0
# Adjust root expansion for failure to germinate (roots cannot expand
# if crop has not germinated)
if NewCond_Germination == False:
dZr = 0
# Get new rooting depth
NewCond_Zroot = float(Zroot_init + dZr)
# Adjust root density if deepening is restricted due to dry subsoil
# and/or restrictive layers
if NewCond_Zroot < ZrPot:
NewCond_rCor = (
2 * (ZrPot / NewCond_Zroot) * ((Crop.SxTop + Crop.SxBot) / 2) - Crop.SxTop
) / Crop.SxBot
if NewCond_Tpot > 0:
NewCond_rCor = NewCond_rCor * NewCond_TrRatio
if NewCond_rCor < 1:
NewCond_rCor = 1
else:
NewCond_rCor = 1
# Limit rooting depth if groundwater table is present (roots cannot
# develop below the water table)
if (water_table_presence == 1) and (NewCond_zGW > 0):
if NewCond_Zroot > NewCond_zGW:
NewCond_Zroot = float(NewCond_zGW)
if NewCond_Zroot < Crop.Zmin:
NewCond_Zroot = float(Crop.Zmin)
else:
# No root system outside of the growing season
NewCond_Zroot = 0
return NewCond_Zroot, NewCond_rCor
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