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README.md
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---
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license: other
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+
---
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+
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# OpenFLAM
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-research/openflam/main/assets/FLAM_SLOGAN.png" alt="Framewise Language-Audio Modeling" width="75%"/>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05335"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2505.05335-brightgreen.svg?logo=arxiv&logoColor=red"/></a>
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<a href="https://pypi.org/project/openflam"><img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/openflam.svg?icon=si%3Apython&icon_color=%232add51"/></a>
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<a href="./LICENSE"><img alt="Static Badge" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Adobe_Research-yellow?logo=bookstack&logoColor=yellow"></a>
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<a href="https://flam-model.github.io/"><img alt="Static Badge" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/FLAM%20Website-8A2BE2?logo=wolfram"></a>
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</p>
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### Joint Audio and Text Embeddings via Framewise Language-Audio Modeling (FLAM)
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FLAM is a cutting-edge language–audio model that supports both zero-shot sound even detection and large-scale audio retrieval via free-form text.
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This code accompanies the following ICML 2025 publication:
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```
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@inproceedings{flam2025,
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title={{FLAM}: Frame-Wise Language-Audio Modeling},
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author={Yusong Wu and Christos Tsirigotis and Ke Chen and Cheng-Zhi Anna Huang and Aaron Courville and Oriol Nieto and Prem Seetharaman and Justin Salamon},
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booktitle={Forty-second International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
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year={2025},
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url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=7fQohcFrxG}
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}
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```
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## Architecture
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FLAM is based on contrastive language-audio pretraining, known as CLAP, and improve its capability by supporting the frame-wise event localization via learnable text and audio biases and scales.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-research/openflam/main/assets/FLAM_ARCH.png" alt="FLAM Architecture" width="100%"/>
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</p>
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## Quick Start
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Install FLAM via PyPi:
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```bash
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pip install openflam
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```
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Two examples are provided:
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1. [global_example.py](./test/global_example.py): to obtain audio and text embeddings and do clip-wise similarity.
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2. [local_example.py](./test/local_example.py) to do sound event localization and plot the results.
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For the API documentation, please refer to [hook.py](./src/openflam/hook.py).
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### Global Example: To obtain clip-wise similarity between audio and text embeddings
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Please refer to [global_example.py](./test/global_example.py):
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```python
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import librosa
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import torch
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import openflam
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DEVICE = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
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SR = 48000 # Sampling Rate (FLAM requires 48kHz)
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flam = openflam.OpenFLAM(model_name="v1-base", default_ckpt_path="/tmp/openflam").to(
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DEVICE
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)
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# Sanity Check (Optional)
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flam.sanity_check()
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# load audio
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audio, sr = librosa.load("test/test_data/test_example.wav", sr=SR)
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audio = audio[: int(10 * sr)]
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audio_samples = torch.tensor(audio).unsqueeze(0).to(DEVICE) # [B, 480000 = 10 sec]
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# Define text
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text_samples = [
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"breaking bones",
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"metallic creak",
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"tennis ball",
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"troll scream",
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"female speaker",
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]
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# Get Global Audio Features (10sec = 0.1Hz embeddings)
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audio_global_feature = flam.get_global_audio_features(audio_samples) # [B, 512]
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# Get Text Features
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text_feature = flam.get_text_features(text_samples) # [B, 512]
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# Calculate similarity (dot product)
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global_similarities = (text_feature @ audio_global_feature.T).squeeze(1)
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print("\nGlobal Cosine Similarities:")
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for text, score in zip(text_samples, global_similarities):
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print(f"{text}: {score.item():.4f}")
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```
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### Local Example: To perform sound event localization and plot the diagram
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Please refer to [local_example.py](./test/local_example.py).
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The following plot will be generated by running the code below:
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-research/openflam/main/assets/sed_heatmap.png" alt="FLAM Architecture" width="100%"/>
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</p>
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```python
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from pathlib import Path
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import librosa
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import numpy as np
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import scipy
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import torch
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import openflam
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from openflam.module.plot_utils import plot_sed_heatmap
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# Configuration
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OUTPUT_DIR = Path("sed_output") # Directory to save output figures
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# Define target sound events
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TEXTS = [
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"breaking bones",
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"metallic creak",
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"tennis ball",
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"troll scream",
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"female speaker",
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]
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# Define negative class (sounds that shouldn't be in the audio)
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NEGATIVE_CLASS = [
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"female speaker"
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]
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SR = 48000
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DEVICE = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
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flam = openflam.OpenFLAM(model_name="v1-base", default_ckpt_path="/tmp/openflam")
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flam.to(DEVICE)
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# Load and prepare audio
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audio, sr = librosa.load("test/test_data/test_example.wav", sr=SR)
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audio = audio[: int(10 * sr)]
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# Convert to tensor and move to device
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audio_tensor = torch.tensor(audio).unsqueeze(0).to(DEVICE)
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# Run inference
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with torch.no_grad():
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# Get local similarity using the wrapper's built-in method
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# This uses the unbiased method (Eq. 9 in the paper)
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act_map_cross = (
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flam.get_local_similarity(
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audio_tensor,
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TEXTS,
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method="unbiased",
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cross_product=True,
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)
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.cpu()
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.numpy()
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)
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# Apply median filtering for smoother results
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act_map_filter = []
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for i in range(act_map_cross.shape[0]):
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act_map_filter.append(scipy.ndimage.median_filter(act_map_cross[i], (1, 3)))
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act_map_filter = np.array(act_map_filter)
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# Prepare similarity dictionary for plotting
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similarity = {f"{TEXTS[i]}": act_map_filter[0][i] for i in range(len(TEXTS))}
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# Prepare audio for plotting (resample to 32kHz)
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target_sr = 32000
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audio_plot = librosa.resample(audio, orig_sr=SR, target_sr=target_sr)
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# Create output directory if it doesn't exist
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OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
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# Generate and save visualization
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output_path = OUTPUT_DIR / "sed_heatmap.png"
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plot_sed_heatmap(
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audio_plot,
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target_sr,
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post_similarity=similarity,
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duration=10.0,
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negative_class=NEGATIVE_CLASS,
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figsize=(14, 8),
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save_path=output_path,
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)
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print(f"Plot saved: {output_path}")
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```
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## License
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Both **code** and **models** for OpenFLAM are released under a non-commercial [Adobe Research License](./LICENSE). Please, review it carefully before using this technology.
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## Pretrained Models
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The pretrained checkpoints can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/kechenadobe/OpenFLAM/blob/main/open_flam_oct17.pth).
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OpenFLAM automatically handles the downloading of the checkpoint. Please, refer to the previous section for more details.
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## Datasets
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The original experimental results reported in [our paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05335) were obtained by the model trained on internal datasets that are not publicly shareable.
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OpenFLAM is trained **on all publicly available datasets**, including:
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1. Datasets with coarse (aka, global or weak) labels: AudioSet-ACD (a LLM-based captioning for AudioSet), FreeSound, WavCaps, AudioCaps, Clotho;
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2. Datasets with fine-grained (aka, local or strong) labels: AudioSet Strong, UrbanSED, DESED, Maestro, and Simulation data from AudioSet-ACD & FreeSound.
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We report a comparison of the OpenFLAM performance to the original paper report (the global retrieval metrics --ie, A2T and T2A-- are R@1 / R@5):
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-research/openflam/main/assets/Exp.png" alt="FLAM Exp" width="100%"/>
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</p>
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## Citation
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If you use OpenFLAM, please cite our main work:
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```
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@inproceedings{flam2025,
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title={{FLAM}: Frame-Wise Language-Audio Modeling},
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author={Yusong Wu and Christos Tsirigotis and Ke Chen and Cheng-Zhi Anna Huang and Aaron Courville and Oriol Nieto and Prem Seetharaman and Justin Salamon},
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booktitle={Forty-second International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
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year={2025},
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url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=7fQohcFrxG}
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}
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```
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