---
license: mit
library_name: litert
pipeline_tag: image-to-image
tags:
  - litert
  - tflite
  - android
  - on-device
  - gpu
  - crowd-counting
  - density-estimation
  - dm-count
---

# DM-Count — Crowd counting (LiteRT GPU)

On-device **crowd counting** running **fully on the LiteRT `CompiledModel` GPU** delegate
(no CPU fallback). [DM-Count](https://github.com/cvlab-stonybrook/DM-Count) (NeurIPS 2020)
regresses a person **density map** whose sum is the crowd size — it counts hundreds of
people where detector-based counting saturates.

- **Architecture:** VGG19 backbone + conv regression head — pure CNN.
- **Weights:** [cvlab-stonybrook/DM-Count](https://github.com/cvlab-stonybrook/DM-Count) (UCF-QNRF) · MIT.
- **Size:** 86 MB.

![DM-Count crowd counting](hero.png)

*Input (left) → density heatmap + count (right). Photo: Pexels (free license).*

## I/O

- **Input:** `[1, 3, 512, 512]` NCHW, RGB, ImageNet-normalized (mean `[0.485,0.456,0.406]`, std `[0.229,0.224,0.225]`).
- **Output:** `[1, 1, 64, 64]` non-negative density map — `sum(map)` = estimated person count; normalize per frame for a heatmap overlay.

## GPU conversion

DM-Count is a pure CNN (VGG19 + conv head). It converts fully GPU-compatible (**30/30 nodes
on the delegate, 1 partition**; Pixel 8a corr 0.9998–1.0 and count within 0.4% of PyTorch on
real crowd images, ~79 ms/frame) with **one exact rewrite**: the mid-graph
`F.upsample_bilinear` (align_corners=True `RESIZE_BILINEAR`, banned on the delegate) is a
linear operator, re-authored as two constant-matrix multiplies — with the constant on the
**RHS** (lowers to `FULLY_CONNECTED`; the delegate rejects `BATCH_MATMUL` with a constant
LHS). Desktop corr vs PyTorch is 1.000000 with an identical count.

## Minimal usage

### Kotlin (Android, LiteRT CompiledModel GPU)

```kotlin
val options = CompiledModel.Options(Accelerator.GPU)
val model = CompiledModel.create(context.assets, "dmcount.tflite", options, null)
val inBufs = model.createInputBuffers()
val outBufs = model.createOutputBuffers()

inBufs[0].writeFloat(inputNCHW)          // [1,3,512,512] RGB, ImageNet-norm
model.run(inBufs, outBufs)
val density = outBufs[0].readFloat()     // [64*64] density map
val count = density.sum()                // estimated number of people
```

### Python (LiteRT CompiledModel API)

```python
import numpy as np
from ai_edge_litert.compiled_model import CompiledModel

model = CompiledModel.from_file("dmcount.tflite")
inputs = model.create_input_buffers(0)
outputs = model.create_output_buffers(0)
inputs[0].write(np.ascontiguousarray(x, np.float32))  # [1,3,512,512] RGB, ImageNet-norm
model.run_by_index(0, inputs, outputs)
n = model.get_output_buffer_requirements(0, 0)["buffer_size"] // 4
density = outputs[0].read(n, np.float32).reshape(64, 64)
count = float(density.sum())
```

## Conversion

Converted with **litert-torch** (`build_dmcount.py`): loads the MIT DM-Count (UCF-QNRF)
weights and exports the raw density map. The UCF-QNRF checkpoint generalizes best across
scenes; the upstream repo also bundles an NWPU-Crowd variant.

## License

MIT (DM-Count / cvlab-stonybrook). Trained on UCF-QNRF.