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license: mit
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---
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---
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license: mit
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tags:
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- autonomous-driving
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- motion-planning
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- flow-matching
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- generative-model
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- navsim
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library_name: pytorch
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pipeline_tag: other
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---
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# FlowR2A: Learning Reward-to-Action Distribution for Multimodal Driving Planning
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FlowR2A is a generative multimodal driving planner that learns the **reward-conditioned action distribution** $p(a \mid r)$ with **flow matching**. Instead of treating simulation-based rewards as *discriminative targets* (as in scoring-based planners), FlowR2A reframes them as *generative conditions*, unifying the dense supervision of scoring-based methods with the dynamic proposal generation of anchor-based methods in a single model. This forces the planner to internalize how an action relates to its outcomes in safety, progress, comfort, and rule compliance.
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- 📄 **Paper:** FlowR2A: Learning Reward-to-Action Distribution for Multimodal Driving Planning
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- 🌐 **Project page:** https://lixirui142.github.io/flowr2a-project-page/
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- 💻 **Code:** https://github.com/lixirui142/FlowR2A
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## Model Description
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FlowR2A consists of four components:
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1. **Perception Encoder** — a Transfuser backbone (multi-view camera + BEV LiDAR) producing scene and agent tokens.
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2. **Reward Encoder** — embeds simulation reward signals (safety, progress, comfort, rule compliance) into a condition vector injected via adaptive layer norm; supports classifier-free guidance through reward dropout.
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3. **Flow-based Action Decoder** — a transformer with self-attention over trajectory points and cross-attention to scene tokens, conditioned on reward + time embeddings via AdaLN, trained with a velocity-matching loss over dense action–reward pairs.
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4. **Mode Selector** — a lightweight transformer that scores generated proposals, trained with online simulation labeling.
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## Checkpoint
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| File | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `flowr2a_s2.ckpt` | Stage-2 checkpoint, including all components. |
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## Results
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State-of-the-art closed-loop performance on the NAVSIM `navtest` benchmarks (lightweight backbone).
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**NAVSIM v1**
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| Setting | NC | DAC | TTC | Comf. | EP | **PDMS** |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Single proposal | 98.6 | 97.3 | 95.3 | 100 | 84.9 | **90.0** |
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| 60 proposals | 98.8 | 98.0 | 96.0 | 100 | 90.1 | **92.8** |
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**NAVSIM v2**
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| NC | DAC | DDC | TLC | EP | TTC | LK | HC | EC | **EPDMS** |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 98.9 | 98.1 | 99.1 | 99.7 | 91.5 | 98.5 | 95.0 | 98.3 | 65.2 | **88.9** |
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## Usage
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See the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/lixirui142/FlowR2A) for setup, the NAVSIM data pipeline, and inference instructions. Download the checkpoint with:
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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ckpt = hf_hub_download(repo_id="lixirui142/FlowR2A", filename="flowr2a_s2.ckpt")
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```
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{flowr2a2026,
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title = {FlowR2A: Learning Reward-to-Action Distribution for Multimodal Driving Planning},
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author = {Li, Xirui and Liu, Zhe and Ye, Xiaoqing and Han, Wenhua and Pan, Yifeng and Han, Junyu and Zhao, Hengshuang},
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journal = {arXiv preprint},
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year = {2026}
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}
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```
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## License
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Released under the MIT License.
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