Upload multi-modal-embed-small Stage 2 model
Browse files- README.md +314 -0
- config.json +27 -0
- model.safetensors +3 -0
- pytorch_model.bin +3 -0
README.md
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| 1 |
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- en
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- multilingual
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- sentence-transformers
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- multimodal
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- embeddings
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- image-text
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- retrieval
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- 2DMSE
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- matryoshka
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
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model-index:
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- name: multi-modal-embed-small
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results:
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- task:
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type: image-text-retrieval
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dataset:
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name: COCO
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type: coco
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metrics:
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- name: Image-to-Text R@1
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type: recall_at_1
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value: 41.88
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- name: Image-to-Text R@5
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type: recall_at_5
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value: 71.64
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- name: Image-to-Text R@10
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type: recall_at_10
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value: 82.16
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- task:
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type: sentence-similarity
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dataset:
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name: Real-world evaluation
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type: custom
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metrics:
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- name: Text Similarity Separation
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type: custom
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value: 0.783
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- name: Cross-modal Separation
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type: custom
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value: 0.504
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---
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# multi-modal-embed-small
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A compact multimodal embedding model that unifies text and image representations in a shared semantic space. Part of the [MoM (Mixture of Models)](https://huggingface.co/llm-semantic-router) family powering vLLM Semantic Router.
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## Model Description
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| 53 |
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**multi-modal-embed-small** is a lightweight (~85M parameters) multimodal encoder supporting:
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| 55 |
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- **Text encoding** via MiniLM-L6-v2 backbone
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| 57 |
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- **Image encoding** via SigLIP-base-patch16-512
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| 58 |
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- **Cross-modal fusion** via transformer attention
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| 59 |
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- **2DMSE**: Two-Dimensional Matryoshka Sentence Embeddings for adaptive compute
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| 60 |
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- **MRL**: Matryoshka Representation Learning for flexible embedding dimensions
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| 61 |
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| 62 |
+
### Key Features
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| 63 |
+
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| 64 |
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| Feature | Description |
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| 65 |
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|---------|-------------|
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| 66 |
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| **Embedding Dimension** | 384 (supports MRL truncation to 32, 64, 128, 256) |
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| 67 |
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| **Image Resolution** | 512x512 |
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| 68 |
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| **Modalities** | Text, Image, Multimodal fusion |
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| 69 |
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| **2DMSE Support** | Early exit at any encoder layer |
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| 70 |
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| **Languages** | English (primary), multilingual transfer |
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| 71 |
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| 72 |
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## Usage
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| 73 |
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| 74 |
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### Installation
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| 75 |
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| 76 |
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```bash
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| 77 |
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pip install torch transformers pillow safetensors
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| 78 |
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```
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| 79 |
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| 80 |
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### Basic Usage
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| 81 |
+
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| 82 |
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```python
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| 83 |
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import torch
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| 84 |
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from PIL import Image
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| 85 |
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import requests
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| 86 |
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from io import BytesIO
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| 87 |
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| 88 |
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# Load model
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| 89 |
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from transformers import AutoModel, AutoProcessor
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| 90 |
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| 91 |
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# Or load from local checkpoint
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| 92 |
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import sys
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| 93 |
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sys.path.append("path/to/2DMSE-Multimodal-Embedder")
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| 94 |
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from src.models import MultimodalEmbedder
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| 95 |
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| 96 |
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model = MultimodalEmbedder(
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| 97 |
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text_encoder_name="sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
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| 98 |
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image_encoder_name="google/siglip-base-patch16-512",
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| 99 |
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output_dim=384,
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| 100 |
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use_mobile_optimizations=True,
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)
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| 102 |
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model.load_state_dict(torch.load("model.pt", map_location="cpu"))
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| 103 |
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model.eval()
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```
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### Text Embedding
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| 107 |
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```python
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# Single text
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text = "A photo of a cat sitting on a couch"
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| 111 |
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text_embedding = model.encode_text(text) # Shape: [1, 384]
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# Batch of texts
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texts = [
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"A fluffy orange cat",
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"A golden retriever dog",
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| 117 |
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"A red sports car",
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| 118 |
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]
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text_embeddings = model.encode_text(texts) # Shape: [3, 384]
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| 120 |
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# Compute similarity
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| 122 |
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import torch.nn.functional as F
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| 123 |
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similarities = F.cosine_similarity(
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text_embeddings[0:1],
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| 125 |
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text_embeddings[1:],
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| 126 |
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dim=-1
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)
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| 128 |
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print(f"Cat vs Dog similarity: {similarities[0]:.3f}")
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| 129 |
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print(f"Cat vs Car similarity: {similarities[1]:.3f}")
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| 130 |
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```
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| 132 |
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### Image Embedding
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| 133 |
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| 134 |
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```python
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| 135 |
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from PIL import Image
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| 136 |
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import requests
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| 137 |
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from io import BytesIO
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| 138 |
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| 139 |
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# Load image from URL
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| 140 |
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url = "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/1200px-Cat03.jpg"
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response = requests.get(url)
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| 142 |
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image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).convert('RGB')
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# Get embedding
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image_embedding = model.encode_image(image) # Shape: [1, 384]
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| 146 |
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# Or from file
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image = Image.open("my_image.jpg").convert('RGB')
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| 149 |
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image_embedding = model.encode_image(image)
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| 150 |
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```
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| 152 |
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### Cross-Modal Retrieval
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| 153 |
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| 154 |
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```python
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| 155 |
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# Image-to-text retrieval
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| 156 |
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image = Image.open("cat.jpg").convert('RGB')
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| 157 |
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image_emb = model.encode_image(image)
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captions = [
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"A cat sleeping on a bed",
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"A dog playing in the park",
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"A car driving on the highway",
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"A fluffy feline resting",
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]
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text_embs = model.encode_text(captions)
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# Find most similar caption
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similarities = F.cosine_similarity(image_emb, text_embs)
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| 169 |
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best_match_idx = similarities.argmax().item()
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| 170 |
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print(f"Best match: {captions[best_match_idx]}")
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print(f"Similarity: {similarities[best_match_idx]:.3f}")
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```
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### Matryoshka Dimension Reduction (MRL)
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| 175 |
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```python
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| 177 |
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# Get full 384-dim embedding
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full_emb = model.encode_text("Hello world") # [1, 384]
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| 179 |
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| 180 |
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# Truncate to smaller dimensions (MRL)
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| 181 |
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emb_256 = full_emb[:, :256] # 256-dim, ~1.5x faster retrieval
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| 182 |
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emb_128 = full_emb[:, :128] # 128-dim, ~3x faster retrieval
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| 183 |
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emb_64 = full_emb[:, :64] # 64-dim, ~6x faster retrieval
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| 184 |
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# Normalize after truncation
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emb_128_norm = F.normalize(emb_128, p=2, dim=-1)
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```
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### 2DMSE Adaptive Layer Exit
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| 190 |
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| 191 |
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```python
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# Full model (all layers) - highest quality
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full_emb = model.encode_text("Complex query", target_layer=None)
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# Early exit at layer 3 (~50% compute) - faster
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early_emb = model.encode_text("Simple query", target_layer=3)
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# Even earlier exit (layer 1) - fastest
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fastest_emb = model.encode_text("Quick lookup", target_layer=1)
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```
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### Multimodal Fusion
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| 203 |
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| 204 |
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```python
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# Combine text and image for richer representation
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| 206 |
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image = Image.open("cat.jpg").convert('RGB')
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| 207 |
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text = "A cute pet"
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fused_embedding = model.encode_multimodal(
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| 210 |
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texts=text,
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images=image
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) # Shape: [1, 384]
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```
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## Training
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| 216 |
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### Architecture
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| 218 |
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```
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βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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β multi-modal-embed-small β
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βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ€
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β Text Encoder: MiniLM-L6-v2 (22M params) β
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β Image Encoder: SigLIP-base-patch16-512 (86M params) β
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β Fusion: 2-layer Transformer β
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β Output: 384-dim normalized embeddings β
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βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ€
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β 2DMSE: Layer 0-5 early exit support β
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β MRL: 32, 64, 128, 256, 384 dim truncation β
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βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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```
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### Training Data
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| 234 |
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| 235 |
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- **LLaVA-CC3M**: 595K image-caption pairs
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| 236 |
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- **COCO Captions**: Validation on 25K pairs
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| 237 |
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| 238 |
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### Training Configuration
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| 239 |
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| 240 |
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- **Hardware**: 8x AMD MI300X GPUs
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| 241 |
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- **Precision**: BF16 mixed precision
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- **Batch Size**: 256 per GPU (2048 effective)
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| 243 |
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- **Optimizer**: AdamW
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| 244 |
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- **Learning Rate**: 1e-4 with cosine decay
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| 245 |
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- **Loss**: InfoNCE contrastive + Matryoshka loss
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| 246 |
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| 247 |
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### Training Stages
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| 248 |
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| 249 |
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1. **Stage 1** (Frozen encoders): Align image-text space, 6 epochs
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| 250 |
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2. **Stage 2** (Partial unfreeze): Fine-tune fusion + top encoder layers
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| 251 |
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3. **Stage 4** (Full unfreeze): End-to-end fine-tuning
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## Evaluation
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| 254 |
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| 255 |
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### Image-Text Retrieval (COCO Validation)
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| 256 |
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|
| 257 |
+
| Metric | ImageβText | TextβImage |
|
| 258 |
+
|--------|------------|------------|
|
| 259 |
+
| R@1 | 41.88% | 39.21% |
|
| 260 |
+
| R@5 | 71.64% | 69.15% |
|
| 261 |
+
| R@10 | 82.16% | 80.02% |
|
| 262 |
+
|
| 263 |
+
### Text Semantic Similarity
|
| 264 |
+
|
| 265 |
+
| Pair Type | Similarity |
|
| 266 |
+
|-----------|------------|
|
| 267 |
+
| Positive (similar) | 0.805 |
|
| 268 |
+
| Negative (different) | 0.022 |
|
| 269 |
+
| **Separation** | **0.783** |
|
| 270 |
+
|
| 271 |
+
### Cross-Modal Retrieval (Real-world test)
|
| 272 |
+
|
| 273 |
+
| Direction | R@1 | R@5 | MRR |
|
| 274 |
+
|-----------|-----|-----|-----|
|
| 275 |
+
| ImageβText | 87.5% | 100% | 0.94 |
|
| 276 |
+
| TextβImage | 87.5% | 100% | 0.94 |
|
| 277 |
+
|
| 278 |
+
### MRL Quality Retention (Matryoshka)
|
| 279 |
+
|
| 280 |
+
| Dimension | Compression | Separation |
|
| 281 |
+
|-----------|-------------|------------|
|
| 282 |
+
| 384 (full)| 1x | 1.024 |
|
| 283 |
+
| 256 | 1.5x | 1.038 |
|
| 284 |
+
| 128 | 3x | 0.889 |
|
| 285 |
+
| 64 | 6x | 0.839 |
|
| 286 |
+
| 32 | 12x | 0.889 |
|
| 287 |
+
|
| 288 |
+
## Limitations
|
| 289 |
+
|
| 290 |
+
- Optimized for English; multilingual performance may vary
|
| 291 |
+
- Image resolution fixed at 512x512
|
| 292 |
+
- Audio modality available but not trained in this release
|
| 293 |
+
- Best for semantic similarity, not generative tasks
|
| 294 |
+
|
| 295 |
+
## Citation
|
| 296 |
+
|
| 297 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 298 |
+
@misc{multi-modal-embed-small,
|
| 299 |
+
title={multi-modal-embed-small: Compact Multimodal Embeddings with 2DMSE},
|
| 300 |
+
author={vLLM Semantic Router Team},
|
| 301 |
+
year={2026},
|
| 302 |
+
url={https://huggingface.co/llm-semantic-router/multi-modal-embed-small}
|
| 303 |
+
}
|
| 304 |
+
```
|
| 305 |
+
|
| 306 |
+
## License
|
| 307 |
+
|
| 308 |
+
Apache 2.0
|
| 309 |
+
|
| 310 |
+
## Related Models
|
| 311 |
+
|
| 312 |
+
- [mmbert-embed-32k-2d-matryoshka](https://huggingface.co/llm-semantic-router/mmbert-embed-32k-2d-matryoshka) - Long context variant
|
| 313 |
+
- [mmbert-embed-finance](https://huggingface.co/llm-semantic-router/mmbert-embed-finance) - Finance domain
|
| 314 |
+
- [mmbert-embed-medical](https://huggingface.co/llm-semantic-router/mmbert-embed-medical) - Medical domain
|
config.json
ADDED
|
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
+
{
|
| 2 |
+
"_name_or_path": "llm-semantic-router/multi-modal-embed-small",
|
| 3 |
+
"architectures": [
|
| 4 |
+
"MultimodalEmbedder"
|
| 5 |
+
],
|
| 6 |
+
"model_type": "mmbert",
|
| 7 |
+
"output_dim": 384,
|
| 8 |
+
"text_encoder_name": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
|
| 9 |
+
"image_encoder_name": "google/siglip-base-patch16-512",
|
| 10 |
+
"audio_encoder_name": "openai/whisper-tiny",
|
| 11 |
+
"fusion_type": "transformer",
|
| 12 |
+
"num_fusion_layers": 2,
|
| 13 |
+
"enable_layer_outputs": true,
|
| 14 |
+
"use_mobile_optimizations": true,
|
| 15 |
+
"matryoshka_dims": [
|
| 16 |
+
32,
|
| 17 |
+
64,
|
| 18 |
+
128,
|
| 19 |
+
256,
|
| 20 |
+
384
|
| 21 |
+
],
|
| 22 |
+
"supported_modalities": [
|
| 23 |
+
"text",
|
| 24 |
+
"image",
|
| 25 |
+
"multimodal"
|
| 26 |
+
]
|
| 27 |
+
}
|
model.safetensors
ADDED
|
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
+
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
| 2 |
+
oid sha256:aced484d5e4736120dcb9f41fe33e9751fc77a076572311d86f691b87a64c394
|
| 3 |
+
size 1350323576
|
pytorch_model.bin
ADDED
|
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
+
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
| 2 |
+
oid sha256:609c166182116db34188892e1930c30bf7cd31d2b679369dfa61694c21e299c3
|
| 3 |
+
size 976407151
|