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deVision v0.2 (github model-v0.2, 5437ac96b022e0c7029c40100575733dc852a707)

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README.md CHANGED
@@ -1,27 +1,153 @@
1
  ---
2
  language:
3
  - en
 
4
  library_name: devision
5
  pipeline_tag: visual-question-answering
6
  base_model:
7
  - convaiinnovations/laya
8
  - google/siglip2-base-patch16-256
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9
  tags:
10
  - devision
 
 
 
11
  - system-one
12
- - calibrated-decisions
13
  - rlcd
14
- - vision
15
- - jev
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16
  ---
17
 
18
- # deVision V11
19
 
20
  **Image + typed questions → structured answers and calibrated probabilities.** deVision is a non-autoregressive visual decision model built from Laya's ModernBERT-large decision model and a SigLIP2 vision encoder. It scores the supplied options without generating text. Multiple questions about one image share a single image encoding.
21
 
22
- This card describes **V11 (`v11-v9b-recovery`)**, selected by the project owner on October 6, 2026. It supports English, one image per request, yes/no decisions (`noul`) and multiple-choice decisions (`choice`).
23
-
24
- **Repository status, October 6, 2026:** this repository currently contains the model card; the V11 weights and configuration files have not yet been uploaded. Loading `lukbit/devision` will work after those files are added. With a local checkout and checkpoint, use `runs/v11-v9b-recovery/stage2` instead.
25
 
26
  ## Install
27
 
@@ -29,26 +155,19 @@ This card describes **V11 (`v11-v9b-recovery`)**, selected by the project owner
29
  pip install "devision @ git+https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision"
30
  ```
31
 
32
- Python 3.11 or newer is required. For HTTP serving and the browser demo, install `devision[serve]` instead. If the model repository is private, authenticate with `hf auth login` using an account with access.
33
-
34
- The Python examples below require the new `image=` API (code commit `f34e81a` or later). As of October 6, the GitHub default branch has not yet received this change. Until it does, install from an updated local deVision checkout with `pip install .`; installing from GitHub currently provides the legacy `state` image-part API.
35
 
36
  ## Python quickstart
37
 
38
- The following Hub example applies once the weights are uploaded:
39
-
40
  ```python
41
  import devision
42
 
43
- model = devision.load("lukbit/devision", device="cpu")
44
  result = model.predict(
45
- image="photo.jpg", # replace with your image path or an HTTP(S) image URL
46
- state="", # required; empty when there is no additional context
47
  questions={
48
- "has_fork": {
49
- "type": "noul",
50
- "instructions": "Is there a fork in the image?",
51
- },
52
  "room": {
53
  "type": "choice",
54
  "instructions": "Which room is this?",
@@ -58,171 +177,138 @@ result = model.predict(
58
  )
59
  print(result["answers"]["has_fork"]["noul"]) # probability of yes
60
  print(result["answers"]["room"]["choice"]) # selected option
61
- print(result["answers"]["room"]["probabilities"]) # probability for each option
62
  ```
63
 
64
- `model.decide(...)` accepts the same arguments. The default device is `auto` (CUDA, then MPS, then CPU); pass `device="cpu"`, `"mps"` or `"cuda"` to choose explicitly.
65
 
66
  ### Image input
67
 
68
- Use the separate Python `image=` argument. It automatically accepts:
69
 
70
  | Input | Example |
71
  |---|---|
72
- | HTTP(S) URL | `image="https://example.com/photo.jpg"` — replace with a real image URL |
73
- | Local path | `image="photo.jpg"` or `image=Path("photo.jpg")` with `from pathlib import Path` |
74
- | Base64 data URI | `image="data:image/png;base64,..."` — supply the complete encoding |
75
- | Plain Base64 | `image=base64_string` |
76
- | Encoded image bytes | `image=image_bytes` — PNG/JPEG file contents, for example |
77
  | PIL image | `image=pil_image` |
78
 
79
- ### Context and notes
80
 
81
- `state` is required and accepts a string, object or array. For image-only questions, pass `state=""`; do not omit it or pass `None`. To supply additional context:
82
 
83
  ```python
84
  result = model.decide(
85
  image="photo.jpg",
86
  state={"note": "The customer says this item arrived damaged."},
87
- questions={
88
- "damaged": {
89
- "type": "noul",
90
- "instructions": "Is the item visibly damaged?",
91
- },
92
- },
93
  )
94
  ```
95
 
96
- `note` is an ordinary context field, not a special parameter. An `image` key inside an object state also stays text: `state={"image": "photo.jpg"}` does not load the file. The legacy `state=[{"type": "image", "url": "https://..."}]` form remains supported, but do not combine it with `image=`.
97
 
98
  ### Output
99
 
100
- - `noul` is the probability that the statement holds, between 0 and 1.
101
- - `choice` is the highest-probability option; `probabilities` contains every option and sums to 1.
102
- - Choice `confidence` follows Jev: `(n * p_max - 1) / (n - 1)`.
103
- - Invalid request formats or image encodings raise `devision.InvalidRequest`. Local file reads can also raise `OSError`.
104
 
105
  ## HTTP API and browser demo
106
 
107
- Once the weights are uploaded:
108
-
109
  ```bash
110
- pip install "devision[serve] @ git+https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision"
111
  devision-serve --checkpoint lukbit/devision --device cpu --port 8000
112
  ```
113
 
114
- Open `http://127.0.0.1:8000` for the demo. To use a local V11 checkpoint now, replace `lukbit/devision` with `runs/v11-v9b-recovery/stage2`.
115
-
116
- HTTP keeps the Jev-compatible `/v1/systemone` format. The following example uploads a local image as Base64:
117
 
118
- ```python
119
- import base64
120
- import json
121
- from pathlib import Path
122
- from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
123
-
124
- body = {
125
- "state": [{
126
- "type": "image",
127
- "base64": base64.b64encode(Path("photo.jpg").read_bytes()).decode("ascii"),
128
- }],
129
- "questions": {
130
- "has_fork": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Is there a fork in the image?"},
131
- },
132
- }
133
- request = Request(
134
- "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/systemone",
135
- data=json.dumps(body).encode("utf-8"),
136
- headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
137
- )
138
- with urlopen(request, timeout=30) as response:
139
- print(json.load(response))
140
  ```
141
 
142
- For a remote image, use `{"type": "image", "url": "https://..."}` instead. HTTP does not load images from a top-level `image` field or from server-local paths. An image part's `url` accepts HTTP(S); its `base64` accepts plain Base64 without a Data URI prefix. Invalid requests and unsupported `score` questions return HTTP 422.
143
 
144
  ## Architecture
145
 
146
- | Component | V11 |
147
  |---|---|
148
  | Vision encoder | Frozen SigLIP2-B/16, 256 × 256 input, about 93M parameters |
149
  | Image preprocessing | Aspect-preserving resize and letterbox padding |
150
- | Connector | 2 × 2 patch grouping by channel concatenation, then LayerNorm → Linear → GELU → Linear |
151
- | Visual sequence | 256 patch features become 64 visual tokens, inserted after `[CLS]` |
152
- | Text encoder | Laya-initialized ModernBERT-large, bidirectional, about 395M parameters |
153
  | Decision head | Laya's two Transformer layers and option scorer, about 27M parameters |
154
- | Checkpoint | About 518M parameters, FP32, about 2.07 GB of weights |
155
 
156
- Each option is scored at its `[MASK]` position. Calibrated softmax converts option scores into probabilities. The checkpoint contains merged LoRA weights; a separate adapter is not required for inference. Load it with `devision.load`, which understands the custom checkpoint layout.
157
 
158
  ## Training and calibration
159
 
160
- V11 continues from V9B, following earlier image-caption alignment and RLCD decision training. The final round used **9,988 distinct questions for one epoch, 1,249 optimizer steps**, on Apple MPS in FP32:
161
-
162
- - 3,000 counting questions;
163
- - 4,500 replay questions, including ScienceQA, VSR and Visual7W;
164
- - 2,488 left/right questions retained from V9B.
165
 
166
- Learning rates were `5e-5` for the projector and decision head and `1e-4` for LoRA, with 125 warmup steps. See the [code and training log](https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision) for the full training lineage and configurations.
167
 
168
- Temperature scaling was fitted on the project's development/calibration mixture. Inference first uses the matching question-type/option-count bucket and otherwise falls back to the question-type temperature:
 
 
 
 
 
169
 
170
- | Temperature | Value |
171
- |---|---|
172
- | Choice, 2 options | 2.1514 |
173
- | Choice, 3–5 options | 1.9454 |
174
- | Choice fallback | 1.9879 |
175
- | Noul | 1.8161 |
176
-
177
- Calibration changes probabilities, not the model's underlying visual ability. Validate confidence thresholds on your own distribution.
178
 
179
  ## Evaluation
180
 
181
- These are saved results from the V11 checkpoint, evaluated through `decide` on **MPS** with fitted temperatures. ECE uses 15 bins. The project test sets use held-out images; they are project-specific subsets or generated questions, not official leaderboard scores. Several benchmarks have also informed decisions across training rounds, so they should not be interpreted as untouched final tests throughout development.
182
-
183
- | Set | Questions | Accuracy | ECE |
184
- |---|---:|---:|---:|
185
- | COCO object presence | 1,120 | 0.955 | 0.022 |
186
- | VQAv2 multiple choice | 1,420 | 0.891 | 0.038 |
187
- | COCO size | 1,100 | 0.857 | 0.021 |
188
- | POPE, project filtered set | 8,676 | 0.844 | 0.072 |
189
- | GQA val subset | 992 | 0.745 | 0.085 |
190
- | COCO position | 1,274 | 0.850 | 0.013 |
191
- | VQAv2 yes/no subset | 1,000 | 0.716 | 0.043 |
192
- | COCO relative position | 1,950 | 0.651 | 0.033 |
193
- | VSR, project held-out split | 904 | 0.653 | 0.033 |
194
- | Visual7W, project held-out split | 1,000 | 0.712 | 0.040 |
195
- | Fresh counting test | 600 | 0.723 | 0.043 |
196
 
197
  ### Comparison with Laya Vision 201M
198
 
199
- The following comparisons use Laya Vision's published per-question predictions on the same questions. Differences are percentage points, with 95% intervals from paired resampling by image. We did not rerun Laya Vision on our hardware.
200
 
201
- | Set | Questions | Laya Vision | deVision V11 | Difference, percentage points |
202
  |---|---:|---:|---:|---|
203
- | VQAv2 yes/no | 4,887 | 0.717 | 0.729 | +1.2 [−0.4, +2.7] |
204
- | A-OKVQA | 1,138 | 0.598 | 0.603 | +0.4 [−2.9, +3.7] |
205
- | ScienceQA with images | 2,097 | 0.824 | 0.747 | −7.7 [−9.8, −5.6] |
 
 
 
206
 
207
- The first two intervals include zero; these results do not establish superiority or equivalence. The full VQAv2 and A-OKVQA comparison sets include some images used in deVision training; the training log also reports subsets excluding those images. ScienceQA's compared images are unseen in training.
208
 
209
- On the full POPE random/popular/adversarial sets (3,000 questions each), V11 scores **0.863 / 0.849 / 0.813**, versus Laya Vision's published **0.836 / 0.819 / 0.777**. Only aggregate baseline scores are available for this comparison; it is not paired. These full sets differ from the 8,676-question filtered set above.
210
 
211
- ## Limitations and model selection
 
 
 
 
 
212
 
213
- - **Counting recovery was not demonstrated.** On the fresh 600-question test, V11 differs from V9B by −0.3 percentage points [−2.7, +1.8], missing the predefined improvement target. The owner selected V11 as a tradeoff, particularly for improved left/right position consistency; this is not a claim that every acceptance target passed.
214
- - **Spatial reasoning is incomplete.** Correct answers on both an original image and its mirror occur for about 61% of left/right position pairs and 39% of relative-position choice pairs, but only 10% of relative-position yes/no pairs.
215
- - **Scientific diagrams remain difficult.** On 323 natural-science questions judged to require the image, V11 scores 0.467 versus Laya Vision's 0.700. On the full ScienceQA set, swapping in unrelated images still yields 0.665 accuracy, compared with 0.747 for the correct images; text and answer priors contribute substantially.
216
- - **Old-task protection is uncertain in two comparisons.** VSR and A-OKVQA did not establish the predefined lower bound of −2 percentage points relative to V9B. This is uncertainty about protection, not proof of a significant decline.
217
- - **Small text and fine detail are limited by 256 × 256 input.** The model is not a general-purpose OCR or text-generation system.
218
- - **English, single image, `noul` and `choice` only.** Other languages, multi-image input and `score` questions are not supported.
219
- - **Probabilities can be miscalibrated out of domain.** A low ECE on one benchmark does not guarantee reliable confidence elsewhere.
220
 
221
- ## Links and intended use
222
 
223
- - [Code, training configurations and experiment records](https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision)
224
- - [Laya decision model](https://huggingface.co/convaiinnovations/laya)
225
- - [SigLIP2 vision encoder](https://huggingface.co/google/siglip2-base-patch16-256)
226
- - [Laya Vision reference implementation and published evaluations](https://github.com/r33drichards/laya-vision)
227
 
228
- The project is intended for non-commercial research. This card does not assign a new license to upstream models or datasets; their respective terms remain applicable.
 
 
 
1
  ---
2
  language:
3
  - en
4
+ license: apache-2.0
5
  library_name: devision
6
  pipeline_tag: visual-question-answering
7
  base_model:
8
  - convaiinnovations/laya
9
  - google/siglip2-base-patch16-256
10
+ datasets:
11
+ - HuggingFaceM4/VQAv2
12
+ - lmms-lab/GQA
13
+ - HuggingFaceM4/A-OKVQA
14
+ - derek-thomas/ScienceQA
15
+ - HuggingFaceM4/the_cauldron
16
+ - cambridgeltl/vsr_random
17
+ - jxu124/objects365
18
+ - J1mb0o/e-SNLI-VE
19
+ - Vision-Flan/vision-flan_191-task_1k
20
+ - ryokamoi/VisOnlyQA_Train
21
+ - RyanWW/Super-CLEVR
22
+ - allenai/pixmo-count
23
  tags:
24
  - devision
25
+ - visual-decisions
26
+ - calibrated-probabilities
27
+ - jev
28
  - system-one
 
29
  - rlcd
30
+ - cpu
31
+ model-index:
32
+ - name: deVision v0.2
33
+ results:
34
+ - task:
35
+ type: visual-question-answering
36
+ dataset:
37
+ name: COCO object presence
38
+ type: test_exist
39
+ metrics:
40
+ - type: accuracy
41
+ value: 0.9384
42
+ - type: ece
43
+ value: 0.0204
44
+ - task:
45
+ type: visual-question-answering
46
+ dataset:
47
+ name: VQAv2 multiple choice
48
+ type: test_vqa_choice
49
+ metrics:
50
+ - type: accuracy
51
+ value: 0.8979
52
+ - type: ece
53
+ value: 0.0262
54
+ - task:
55
+ type: visual-question-answering
56
+ dataset:
57
+ name: COCO size
58
+ type: test_size
59
+ metrics:
60
+ - type: accuracy
61
+ value: 0.86
62
+ - type: ece
63
+ value: 0.036
64
+ - task:
65
+ type: visual-question-answering
66
+ dataset:
67
+ name: POPE, project filtered set
68
+ type: bench_pope
69
+ metrics:
70
+ - type: accuracy
71
+ value: 0.8511
72
+ - type: ece
73
+ value: 0.0578
74
+ - task:
75
+ type: visual-question-answering
76
+ dataset:
77
+ name: GQA val subset
78
+ type: test_gqa
79
+ metrics:
80
+ - type: accuracy
81
+ value: 0.7843
82
+ - type: ece
83
+ value: 0.0419
84
+ - task:
85
+ type: visual-question-answering
86
+ dataset:
87
+ name: COCO position
88
+ type: test_position
89
+ metrics:
90
+ - type: accuracy
91
+ value: 0.8721
92
+ - type: ece
93
+ value: 0.0251
94
+ - task:
95
+ type: visual-question-answering
96
+ dataset:
97
+ name: VQAv2 yes/no subset
98
+ type: test_vqa_yesno
99
+ metrics:
100
+ - type: accuracy
101
+ value: 0.71
102
+ - type: ece
103
+ value: 0.0223
104
+ - task:
105
+ type: visual-question-answering
106
+ dataset:
107
+ name: COCO relative position
108
+ type: test_relation
109
+ metrics:
110
+ - type: accuracy
111
+ value: 0.7108
112
+ - type: ece
113
+ value: 0.0471
114
+ - task:
115
+ type: visual-question-answering
116
+ dataset:
117
+ name: VSR, project held-out split
118
+ type: test_vsr
119
+ metrics:
120
+ - type: accuracy
121
+ value: 0.6792
122
+ - type: ece
123
+ value: 0.0478
124
+ - task:
125
+ type: visual-question-answering
126
+ dataset:
127
+ name: Visual7W, project held-out split
128
+ type: test_v7w
129
+ metrics:
130
+ - type: accuracy
131
+ value: 0.721
132
+ - type: ece
133
+ value: 0.0302
134
+ - task:
135
+ type: visual-question-answering
136
+ dataset:
137
+ name: Fresh counting test (unseen pictures)
138
+ type: test_count_fresh
139
+ metrics:
140
+ - type: accuracy
141
+ value: 0.74
142
+ - type: ece
143
+ value: 0.0648
144
  ---
145
 
146
+ # deVision v0.2
147
 
148
  **Image + typed questions → structured answers and calibrated probabilities.** deVision is a non-autoregressive visual decision model built from Laya's ModernBERT-large decision model and a SigLIP2 vision encoder. It scores the supplied options without generating text. Multiple questions about one image share a single image encoding.
149
 
150
+ This is release **v0.2**. It supports English, one image per request, yes/no decisions (`noul`) and multiple-choice decisions (`choice`). Weights and code are released under the Apache-2.0 licence; see [Licence and data](#licence-and-data).
 
 
151
 
152
  ## Install
153
 
 
155
  pip install "devision @ git+https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision"
156
  ```
157
 
158
+ Python 3.11 or newer is required; the install includes the HTTP server and browser demo. If the model repository is private, authenticate first with `hf auth login` using an account that has access.
 
 
159
 
160
  ## Python quickstart
161
 
 
 
162
  ```python
163
  import devision
164
 
165
+ model = devision.load("lukbit/devision", revision="v0.2", device="cpu")
166
  result = model.predict(
167
+ image="photo.jpg", # an image path, an http(s) URL, base64, bytes or a PIL image
168
+ state="", # text context; empty when there is none
169
  questions={
170
+ "has_fork": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Is there a fork in the image?"},
 
 
 
171
  "room": {
172
  "type": "choice",
173
  "instructions": "Which room is this?",
 
177
  )
178
  print(result["answers"]["has_fork"]["noul"]) # probability of yes
179
  print(result["answers"]["room"]["choice"]) # selected option
180
+ print(result["answers"]["room"]["probabilities"]) # probability of each option
181
  ```
182
 
183
+ `model.decide(...)` takes the same arguments. Pin `revision="v0.2"` so that later releases do not change your results. The default device is `auto` (CUDA, then MPS, then CPU).
184
 
185
  ### Image input
186
 
187
+ The Python `image=` argument accepts:
188
 
189
  | Input | Example |
190
  |---|---|
191
+ | HTTP(S) URL | `image="https://example.com/photo.jpg"` |
192
+ | Local path | `image="photo.jpg"` or `image=Path("photo.jpg")` |
193
+ | Base64 data URI | `image="data:image/png;base64,..."` |
194
+ | Plain base64 | `image=base64_string` |
195
+ | Encoded image bytes | `image=image_bytes` (PNG / JPEG file contents) |
196
  | PIL image | `image=pil_image` |
197
 
198
+ ### Context
199
 
200
+ `state` carries text context as a string, object or array, exactly as in Jev:
201
 
202
  ```python
203
  result = model.decide(
204
  image="photo.jpg",
205
  state={"note": "The customer says this item arrived damaged."},
206
+ questions={"damaged": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Is the item visibly damaged?"}},
 
 
 
 
 
207
  )
208
  ```
209
 
210
+ An `image` key inside an object state stays text: `state={"image": "photo.jpg"}` does not load the file. The Jev-compatible image part `state=[{"type": "image", "url": "https://..."}]` also works; do not combine it with `image=`.
211
 
212
  ### Output
213
 
214
+ - `noul`: the probability that the statement holds, between 0 and 1.
215
+ - `choice`: the highest-probability option; `probabilities` covers every option and sums to 1.
216
+ - `confidence` (choice) follows Jev: `(n * p_max - 1) / (n - 1)`.
217
+ - Invalid requests raise `devision.InvalidRequest`.
218
 
219
  ## HTTP API and browser demo
220
 
 
 
221
  ```bash
222
+ pip install "devision @ git+https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision"
223
  devision-serve --checkpoint lukbit/devision --device cpu --port 8000
224
  ```
225
 
226
+ Open `http://127.0.0.1:8000` for the demo. The server speaks the Jev-compatible `POST /v1/systemone` format; an image is an element of the `state` array:
 
 
227
 
228
+ ```json
229
+ {"state": [{"type": "image", "url": "https://example.com/photo.jpg"}, "optional text"],
230
+ "questions": {"has_fork": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Is there a fork in the image?"}}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
231
  ```
232
 
233
+ Use `{"type": "image", "base64": "..."}` for an uploaded picture. HTTP never reads server-local paths. Invalid requests and `score` questions return HTTP 422.
234
 
235
  ## Architecture
236
 
237
+ | Component | |
238
  |---|---|
239
  | Vision encoder | Frozen SigLIP2-B/16, 256 × 256 input, about 93M parameters |
240
  | Image preprocessing | Aspect-preserving resize and letterbox padding |
241
+ | Connector | 2 × 2 patch grouping, then LayerNorm → Linear → GELU → Linear |
242
+ | Visual sequence | 64 visual tokens, inserted after `[CLS]` |
243
+ | Text encoder | Laya-initialised ModernBERT-large, about 395M parameters |
244
  | Decision head | Laya's two Transformer layers and option scorer, about 27M parameters |
245
+ | Checkpoint | About 518M parameters, FP32, 2.07 GB of weights (LoRA merged) |
246
 
247
+ Each option is scored at its `[MASK]` position; a temperature-scaled softmax turns the scores into probabilities.
248
 
249
  ## Training and calibration
250
 
251
+ deVision is trained in two stages. Stage 1 aligns the projector on COCO captions (image-conditioned masked words). Stage 2 trains the decision on yes / no and multiple-choice questions with Laya's RLCD objective (projector, decision head and a LoRA on ModernBERT; the LoRA is merged for release). Earlier training covered COCO-derived existence / position / size questions, VQAv2, GQA, A-OKVQA, ScienceQA, AI2D, TQA, VSR, Visual7W telling, mirrored left/right pairs and counting. The last training step continued from that checkpoint for one pass over 353,830 questions: an extension pack of 315,342 questions from thirteen public sources (Objects365, TallyQA, CLEVR, CLEVR-Math, Super-CLEVR, FigureQA, MapQA, IconQA, SNLI-VE, Vision-Flan, VisOnlyQA, SpatialSense, PixMo-Count) plus 38,488 replayed questions of the earlier abilities; 44,229 steps on Apple MPS in FP32, learning rates `5e-5` (projector, head) and `1e-4` (LoRA), 500 warm-up steps. Full configurations and results: the [training log](https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision/blob/master/docs/training-log.md).
 
 
 
 
252
 
253
+ Temperatures fitted on the project's calibration set (a question's type / option-count bucket first, else its type):
254
 
255
+ | Bucket | Temperature |
256
+ |---|---:|
257
+ | Choice, 2 options | 1.8836 |
258
+ | Choice, 3–5 options | 1.9790 |
259
+ | Noul (yes / no) | 1.6382 |
260
+ | Choice, any other count | 1.9568 |
261
 
262
+ Calibration changes probabilities, not visual ability. Validate confidence thresholds on your own data.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263
 
264
  ## Evaluation
265
 
266
+ Results of this checkpoint through `decide`, with the fitted temperatures; ECE uses 15 bins. *Mismatched* is the accuracy when every picture is swapped for an unrelated one (how much the answer depends on the picture). The project test sets use held-out pictures; they are project-specific subsets or generated questions, not official leaderboard scores, and several have informed decisions across training rounds.
267
+
268
+ | Set | Questions | Accuracy | Mismatched | ECE |
269
+ |---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
270
+ | COCO object presence | 1,120 | 0.938 | 0.493 | 0.020 |
271
+ | VQAv2 multiple choice | 1,420 | 0.898 | 0.399 | 0.026 |
272
+ | COCO size | 1,100 | 0.860 | 0.504 | 0.036 |
273
+ | POPE, project filtered set | 8,676 | 0.851 | 0.527 | 0.058 |
274
+ | GQA val subset | 992 | 0.784 | 0.532 | 0.042 |
275
+ | COCO position | 1,274 | 0.872 | 0.493 | 0.025 |
276
+ | VQAv2 yes/no subset | 1,000 | 0.710 | 0.518 | 0.022 |
277
+ | COCO relative position | 1,950 | 0.711 | 0.484 | 0.047 |
278
+ | VSR, project held-out split | 904 | 0.679 | 0.481 | 0.048 |
279
+ | Visual7W, project held-out split | 1,000 | 0.721 | 0.422 | 0.030 |
280
+ | Fresh counting test (unseen pictures) | 600 | 0.740 | 0.507 | 0.065 |
281
 
282
  ### Comparison with Laya Vision 201M
283
 
284
+ Laya Vision's published per-question predictions on the same questions; differences in percentage points with 95% intervals from paired resampling by picture. We did not rerun Laya Vision.
285
 
286
+ | Set | Questions | Laya Vision | deVision | Difference |
287
  |---|---:|---:|---:|---|
288
+ | VQAv2 yes/no | 4,887 | 0.717 | 0.725 | +0.8 [-0.9, +2.3] |
289
+ | A-OKVQA | 1,138 | 0.598 | 0.626 | +2.7 [-0.6, +6.0] |
290
+ | ScienceQA with images | 2,097 | 0.824 | 0.766 | -5.8 [-7.9, -3.6] |
291
+ | ScienceQA natural science, needs the picture | 323 | 0.700 | 0.455 | -24.5 [-31.6, -17.6] |
292
+
293
+ On the full POPE random / popular / adversarial sets (3,000 questions each) deVision scores **0.891 / 0.868 / 0.791**, against Laya Vision's published **0.836 / 0.819 / 0.777** (aggregate scores only, not paired).
294
 
295
+ CPU latency: P50 148 ms, P95 161 ms (Darwin arm64, 4 threads, FP32, one question per request, warm-up excluded). Several questions about one picture in one request share the image encoding, so each extra question costs less.
296
 
297
+ ## Limitations
298
 
299
+ - **Scientific diagrams and charts remain difficult.** On the 323 ScienceQA natural-science questions that need the picture, this release is about 24 points behind Laya Vision (see the comparison table). Comparing two named regions of a picture (two magnet poles, two series of a chart, two regions of a map, two line segments) is the main open weakness; training on tens of thousands of such questions left it near chance.
300
+ - **Spatial reasoning is incomplete.** A left/right question is answered right on both a picture and its mirror for about 72% of position pairs and 65% of relative-position choice pairs, but only 19% of relative-position yes / no pairs.
301
+ - **Object presence leans towards "yes".** Compared with the previous checkpoint, it more often says an object is present when the annotation says it is not (COCO existence test 95.5% → 93.8%; POPE adversarial 79.1%).
302
+ - **Small text and fine detail** are limited by the 256 × 256 input; this is not an OCR model.
303
+ - **English, one image, `noul` and `choice` only.** Other languages, several images and `score` questions are not supported.
304
+ - **Probabilities can be miscalibrated out of domain.** A low ECE on these benchmarks does not guarantee reliable confidence on your data.
305
 
306
+ ## Licence and data
 
 
 
 
 
 
307
 
308
+ The weights and the code are released under the **Apache-2.0** licence, the licence of the three base models ([Laya](https://huggingface.co/convaiinnovations/laya), [SigLIP2](https://huggingface.co/google/siglip2-base-patch16-256), [ModernBERT](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-large)). The training data come from public datasets with their own terms, some of them non-commercial (for example ScienceQA, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) or covering the pictures separately (COCO / Flickr images). Whether such terms carry over to trained weights is not settled; check the datasets listed in this card's metadata against your use.
309
 
310
+ ## Links
 
 
 
311
 
312
+ - [Code, training configurations and experiment records](https://github.com/byebyebruce/devision) — this release is tag `model-v0.2`
313
+ - [Evaluation details](evaluation/results.md) · [metrics](evaluation/results.json) · [provenance](provenance.json)
314
+ - [Laya decision model](https://huggingface.co/convaiinnovations/laya) · [SigLIP2](https://huggingface.co/google/siglip2-base-patch16-256) · [Laya Vision](https://github.com/r33drichards/laya-vision)
config.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "model_name": "devision-v0.2",
3
+ "image_size": 256,
4
+ "visual_shuffle": 2,
5
+ "max_len": 512,
6
+ "head_max_len": 192,
7
+ "head_layers": 2,
8
+ "n_act": 2,
9
+ "temperature": [
10
+ 1.9567745923995972,
11
+ 1.0,
12
+ 1.6382114887237549
13
+ ],
14
+ "temperature_by_options": {
15
+ "choice:2": 1.8836495876312256,
16
+ "choice:3-5": 1.979034662246704,
17
+ "noul:2": 1.6382114887237549
18
+ }
19
+ }
encoder/config.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "architectures": [
3
+ "ModernBertForMaskedLM"
4
+ ],
5
+ "attention_bias": false,
6
+ "attention_dropout": 0.0,
7
+ "bos_token_id": 50281,
8
+ "classifier_activation": "gelu",
9
+ "classifier_bias": false,
10
+ "classifier_dropout": 0.0,
11
+ "classifier_pooling": "mean",
12
+ "cls_token_id": 50281,
13
+ "decoder_bias": true,
14
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+ # deVision v0.2 evaluation
2
+
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+ Generated by `scripts/release/hf.py` from the evaluation of this release.
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+
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+ | Set | Questions | Accuracy | Mismatched | ECE |
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+ |---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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+ | COCO object presence | 1,120 | 0.938 | 0.493 | 0.020 |
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+ | VQAv2 multiple choice | 1,420 | 0.898 | 0.399 | 0.026 |
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+ | COCO size | 1,100 | 0.860 | 0.504 | 0.036 |
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+ | POPE, project filtered set | 8,676 | 0.851 | 0.527 | 0.058 |
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+ | GQA val subset | 992 | 0.784 | 0.532 | 0.042 |
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+ | COCO position | 1,274 | 0.872 | 0.493 | 0.025 |
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+ | VQAv2 yes/no subset | 1,000 | 0.710 | 0.518 | 0.022 |
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+ | COCO relative position | 1,950 | 0.711 | 0.484 | 0.047 |
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+ | VSR, project held-out split | 904 | 0.679 | 0.481 | 0.048 |
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+ | Visual7W, project held-out split | 1,000 | 0.721 | 0.422 | 0.030 |
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+ | Fresh counting test (unseen pictures) | 600 | 0.740 | 0.507 | 0.065 |
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+
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+ ## Laya Vision 201M, same questions
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+
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+ | Set | Questions | Laya Vision | deVision | Difference |
22
+ |---|---:|---:|---:|---|
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+ | VQAv2 yes/no | 4,887 | 0.717 | 0.725 | +0.8 [-0.9, +2.3] |
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+ | A-OKVQA | 1,138 | 0.598 | 0.626 | +2.7 [-0.6, +6.0] |
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+ | ScienceQA with images | 2,097 | 0.824 | 0.766 | -5.8 [-7.9, -3.6] |
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+ | ScienceQA natural science, needs the picture | 323 | 0.700 | 0.455 | -24.5 [-31.6, -17.6] |
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+
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+ On the full POPE random / popular / adversarial sets (3,000 questions each) deVision scores **0.891 / 0.868 / 0.791**, against Laya Vision's published **0.836 / 0.819 / 0.777** (aggregate scores only, not paired).
29
+
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+ ## Temperatures
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+
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+ | Bucket | Temperature |
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+ |---|---:|
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+ | Choice, 2 options | 1.8836 |
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+ | Choice, 3–5 options | 1.9790 |
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+ | Noul (yes / no) | 1.6382 |
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+ | Choice, any other count | 1.9568 |
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