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license: mit
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---
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license: mit
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license_link: https://github.com/microsoft/VidTok/blob/main/LICENSE
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tags:
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- tokenization
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- video generation
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- world model
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- vae
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- fsq
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---
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# VidTok
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A Family of Versatile and State-Of-The-Art Video Tokenizers
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<img src="./assets/radar.png" width="95%" alt="radar" align="center">
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VidTok is a family of versatile video tokenizers that delivers state-of-the-art performance in both continuous and discrete tokenizations with various compression rates. VidTok incorporates several key advancements over existing approaches:
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* ⚡️ **Model architecture**. We handle spatial and temporal sampling separately, reducing computational complexity without sacrificing reconstruction quality.
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* 🔥 **Advanced quantization techniques**. To address the training instability and codebook collapse commonly associated with conventional Vector Quantization (VQ), we use Finite Scalar Quantization (FSQ) in discrete video tokenization.
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* 💥 **Improved training strategies**. To improve training efficiency, we employ a two-stage training strategy: initially pre-training the full model on low-resolution videos, followed by fine-tuning only the decoder on high-resolution videos. Furthermore, we observe that utilizing training data with reduced frame rates effectively improves the model's ability to represent motion dynamics.
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We train VidTok on a large-scale video dataset and evaluation reveal that VidTok outperforms previous models in both discrete and continuous tokenization, achieving superior results across all evaluated metrics, including PSNR, SSIM, LPIPS, and FVD.
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Resources and technical documentation:
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+ [GitHub](https://github.com/microsoft/VidTok)
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+ [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs)
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## Model Performance
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The following table shows model performance evaluated on 30 test videos in [MCL_JCL](https://mcl.usc.edu/mcl-jcv-dataset/) dataset, with a sample fps of 30. The input size is `17x256x256` for causal models and `16x256x256` for non-causal models. `VCR` indicates the video compression ratio `TxHxW`.
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| Model | Regularizer | Causal | VCR | PSNR | SSIM | LPIPS | FVD |
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|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
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| [kl_causal_488_4chn.ckpt]() | KL - 4chn | ✔️ | 4x8x8 | 29.64 | 0.852| 0.114| 194.2|
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| [kl_causal_488_8chn.ckpt]() | KL - 8chn | ✔️ |4x8x8 | 31.83 | 0.897| 0.083| 109.3|
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| [kl_causal_488_16chn.ckpt]() | KL - 16chn | ✔️ | 4x8x8 | 35.04 |0.942 |0.047 | 78.9|
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| [kl_causal_41616_4chn.ckpt]() | KL - 4chn | ✔️ | 4x16x16 | 25.05 | 0.711| 0.228| 549.1| |
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| [kl_noncausal_488_4chn.ckpt]() | KL - 4chn | ✖️ | 4x8x8 | 30.60 | 0.876 | 0.098| 157.9|
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| [kl_noncausal_41616_4chn.ckpt]() | KL - 4chn | ✖️ | 4x16x16 | 26.06 | 0.751 | 0.190|423.2 |
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| [fsq_causal_488_262144.ckpt]() | FSQ - 262,144 | ✔️ | 4x8x8 | 29.82 | 0.867 |0.106 | 160.1|
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| [fsq_causal_488_32768.ckpt]() | FSQ - 32,768 | ✔️ | 4x8x8 | 29.16 | 0.854 | 0.117| 196.9|
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| [fsq_causal_488_4096.ckpt]() | FSQ - 4096 | ✔️ | 4x8x8 | 28.36 | 0.832 | 0.133| 218.1|
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| [fsq_causal_41616_262144.ckpt]() | FSQ - 262,144 | ✔️ | 4x16x16 | 25.38 | 0.738 |0.206 | 430.1|
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| [fsq_noncausal_488_262144.ckpt]() | FSQ - 262,144 | ✖️ | 4x8x8 | 30.78 | 0.889| 0.091| 132.1|
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| [fsq_noncausal_41616_262144.ckpt]() | FSQ - 262,144 | ✖️ | 4x16x16 | 26.37 | 0.772| 0.171| 357.0|
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## Training
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### Training Data
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The training data of VidTok is divided into two sets based on video quality.
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1. Training Set 1 consists of approximately 400K of low-resolution videos (e.g., 480p). The videos are natural videos with diverse lightning, motions, and scenarios.
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2. Training Set 2 includes approximately 10K of high-resolution videos (e.g., 1080p). The videos are natural videos with diverse lightning, motions, and scenarios.
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### Training Procedure
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Please refer to the [paper]() and [code](https://github.com/microsoft/VidTok) for detailed training instructions.
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## Evaluation
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Please refer to the [paper]() and [code](https://github.com/microsoft/VidTok) for detailed evaluation instructions.
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## Intended Uses
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We are sharing our model with the research community to foster further research in this area:
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* Training your own video tokenizers for research purpose.
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* Video tokenization with various compression rates.
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## Downstream Uses
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Our model is designed to accelerate research on video-centric research, for use as a building block for the following applications:
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* Video generation on the continuous / discrete latent tokens.
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* World modelling on the continuous / discrete latent tokens.
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* Generative games on the continuous / discrete latent tokens.
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* Video understanding from the latent tokens.
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## Out-of-scope Uses
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Our models are not specifically designed or evaluated for all downstream purposes. Developers should consider common limitations of video tokenizers (e.g., performance degradation on out-of-domain data) as they select use cases, and evaluate and mitigate for privacy, safety, and fairness before using within a specific downstream use case, particularly for high-risk scenarios.
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Developers should be aware of and adhere to applicable laws or regulations (including privacy, trade compliance laws, etc.) that are relevant to their use case.
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## Risks and Limitations
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Some of the limitations of this model to be aware of include:
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* VidTok may lose detailed information on the reconstructed content.
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* VidTok inherits any biases, errors, or omissions characteristic of its training data.
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* VidTok was developed for research and experimental purposes. Further testing and validation are needed before considering its application in commercial or real-world scenarios.
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## Recommendations
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Some recommendations for alleviating potential limitations include:
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* Lower compression rate provides higher reconstruction quality.
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* For domain-specific video tokenization, it is suggested to fine-tune the model on the domain-specific videos.
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## License
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The model is released under the [MIT license](https://github.com/microsoft/VidTok/blob/main/LICENSE).
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## Contact
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We welcome feedback and collaboration from our audience. If you have suggestions, questions, or observe unexpected/offensive behavior in our technology, please contact us at tianyuhe@microsoft.com.
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