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library_name: transformers
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---
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#
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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## Model Details
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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### Results
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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##
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language:
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- en
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license: apache-2.0
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- transformers
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- modernbert
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- fill-mask
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- masked-language-model
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pipeline_tag: fill-mask
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datasets:
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- mjbommar/ogbert-v1-mlm
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model-index:
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- name: ogbert-110m-base
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results:
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- task:
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type: word-similarity
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dataset:
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name: SimLex-999
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type: simlex999
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metrics:
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- type: spearman
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value: 0.345
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# OGBert-110M-Base
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A 110M parameter ModernBERT-based masked language model trained on glossary and domain-specific text.
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**Related models:**
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- [mjbommar/ogbert-110m-sentence](https://huggingface.co/mjbommar/ogbert-110m-sentence) - Sentence embedding version with mean pooling + L2 normalization
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## Model Details
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| Property | Value |
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|----------|-------|
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| Architecture | ModernBERT |
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| Parameters | 110M |
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| Hidden size | 768 |
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| Layers | 12 |
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| Attention heads | 12 |
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| Vocab size | 32,768 |
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| Max sequence | 1,024 tokens |
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## Training
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- **Task**: Masked Language Modeling (MLM)
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- **Dataset**: [mjbommar/ogbert-v1-mlm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mjbommar/ogbert-v1-mlm) - derived from [OpenGloss](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18622), a synthetic encyclopedic dictionary with 537K senses across 150K lexemes
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- **Masking**: Standard 15% token masking
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- **Training steps**: 8,000 steps (selected for optimal downstream performance)
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- **Tokens processed**: ~4.5B
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- **Batch size**: 1,024
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- **Peak learning rate**: 3e-4
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## Performance
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### Word Similarity (SimLex-999)
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**SimLex-999** measures Spearman correlation between model cosine similarities and human judgments on 999 word pairs. Higher = better alignment with human perception of word similarity.
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| Model | Params | SimLex-999 (ρ) |
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|-------|--------|----------------|
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| **OGBert-110M-Base** | **110M** | **0.345** |
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| BERT-base | 110M | 0.070 |
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| RoBERTa-base | 125M | -0.061 |
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OGBert-110M-Base achieves **5x better** word similarity than BERT-base with the same parameter count.
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### Document Clustering
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Evaluated on 80 domain-specific documents across 10 categories using KMeans.
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| Model | Params | ARI | Cluster Acc |
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|-------|--------|-----|-------------|
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| **OGBert-110M-Base** | **110M** | **0.941** | **0.975** |
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| BERT-base | 110M | 0.896 | 0.950 |
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| RoBERTa-base | 125M | 0.941 | 0.975 |
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OGBert-110M-Base matches or exceeds RoBERTa-base on clustering tasks.
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## Usage
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### Fill-Mask Pipeline
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```python
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from transformers import pipeline
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fill_mask = pipeline('fill-mask', model='mjbommar/ogbert-110m-base')
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result = fill_mask('The financial <|mask|> was approved.')
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```
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### Direct Model Usage
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoTokenizer
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('mjbommar/ogbert-110m-base')
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model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained('mjbommar/ogbert-110m-base')
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inputs = tokenizer('The <|mask|> definition is clear.', return_tensors='pt')
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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```
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### For Sentence Embeddings
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Use [mjbommar/ogbert-110m-sentence](https://huggingface.co/mjbommar/ogbert-110m-sentence) instead, which includes mean pooling and L2 normalization for optimal similarity search.
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## Citation
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If you use this model, please cite the OpenGloss dataset:
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```bibtex
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@article{bommarito2025opengloss,
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title={OpenGloss: A Synthetic Encyclopedic Dictionary and Semantic Knowledge Graph},
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author={Bommarito II, Michael J.},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.18622},
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year={2025}
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}
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```
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## License
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Apache 2.0
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