"""
Extracts a numerical style vector from any text sample.
The style vector encodes the author's unique writing fingerprint
and is used both to condition the generation model and to evaluate
style preservation after correction.

Style vector dimensions (total: 512 after projection):
  Raw features (~40) → MLP projection → 512-dim dense vector

Raw features:
  - sentence_length_mean, sentence_length_std, sentence_length_skew  [3]
  - word_length_mean, word_length_std                                  [2]
  - type_token_ratio (TTR)                                             [1]
  - passive_voice_ratio                                                [1]
  - active_voice_ratio                                                 [1]
  - subordinate_clause_ratio                                           [1]
  - avg_dependency_tree_depth                                          [1]
  - hedging_frequency (per 100 words)                                  [1]
  - discourse_marker_counts [however, therefore, moreover, ...]        [20]
  - formality_score (0-1)                                              [1]
  - lexical_density                                                    [1]
  - nominalization_ratio                                               [1]
  - question_sentence_ratio                                            [1]
  - exclamation_ratio                                                  [1]
  - first_person_ratio                                                 [1]
  - third_person_ratio                                                 [1]
  - academic_word_coverage                                             [1]
  - avg_syllables_per_word                                             [1]
  - flesch_reading_ease                                                [1]
"""

import spacy
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
from scipy import stats
from loguru import logger


HEDGING_WORDS = {
    "perhaps", "possibly", "probably", "might", "may", "could", "seem",
    "appears", "suggests", "indicates", "tend", "often", "generally",
    "approximately", "roughly", "somewhat", "relatively", "fairly",
}

DISCOURSE_MARKERS = [
    "however", "therefore", "moreover", "furthermore", "consequently",
    "nevertheless", "nonetheless", "additionally", "alternatively",
    "subsequently", "previously", "similarly", "conversely", "thus",
    "hence", "accordingly", "meanwhile", "indeed", "notably", "specifically",
]

NOMINALISATION_SUFFIXES = (
    "tion", "sion", "ment", "ness", "ity", "ance", "ence",
    "hood", "ship", "ism", "al", "ure",
)

FEATURE_DIM = 41  # Fixed feature dimension for MLP input (3+2+1+1+1+1+1+1+20+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1)


class StyleProjectionMLP(nn.Module):
    """Projects raw feature vector to 512-dim style embedding."""

    def __init__(self, input_dim: int = 41, hidden_dim: int = 256, output_dim: int = 512):
        super().__init__()
        self.net = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(input_dim, hidden_dim),
            nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim),
            nn.GELU(),
            nn.Dropout(0.1),
            nn.Linear(hidden_dim, output_dim),
            nn.LayerNorm(output_dim),
        )

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return self.net(x)


class StyleFingerprinter:
    """Extracts style fingerprint vectors from text samples."""

    def __init__(self, spacy_model: str = "en_core_web_trf", awl_path: str = "data/awl/coxhead_awl.txt"):
        # Load spaCy with fallback
        try:
            self.nlp = spacy.load(spacy_model)
        except OSError:
            logger.warning(f"spaCy model '{spacy_model}' not found, falling back to 'en_core_web_sm'")
            self.nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")

        # Load AWL
        self.awl = self._load_awl(awl_path)

        # Projection MLP
        self.projection = StyleProjectionMLP(
            input_dim=FEATURE_DIM, hidden_dim=256, output_dim=512
        )
        self.projection.eval()  # Start in eval mode; will be trained alongside main model
        logger.info(f"StyleFingerprinter initialised (AWL size: {len(self.awl)})")

    def _load_awl(self, path: str) -> set:
        """Load Academic Word List from file."""
        awl = set()
        try:
            with open(path) as f:
                for line in f:
                    word = line.strip().lower()
                    if word:
                        awl.add(word)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            logger.warning(f"AWL file not found at {path}, using empty set")
        return awl

    def _passive_voice_ratio(self, doc) -> float:
        """Compute ratio of passive voice constructions."""
        passive_count = 0
        verb_count = 0
        for token in doc:
            if token.pos_ == "VERB":
                verb_count += 1
            if token.dep_ in ("nsubjpass", "auxpass"):
                passive_count += 1
        if verb_count == 0:
            return 0.0
        return passive_count / verb_count

    def _avg_dep_tree_depth(self, doc) -> float:
        """Compute average dependency tree depth across all tokens."""
        def _depth(token):
            d = 0
            current = token
            while current.head != current:
                d += 1
                current = current.head
                if d > 50:  # Safety limit
                    break
            return d

        depths = [_depth(token) for token in doc if not token.is_punct]
        if not depths:
            return 0.0
        return sum(depths) / len(depths)

    def _lexical_density(self, doc) -> float:
        """Compute ratio of content words to total words."""
        content_pos = {"NOUN", "VERB", "ADJ", "ADV"}
        total = 0
        content = 0
        for token in doc:
            if not token.is_punct and not token.is_space:
                total += 1
                if token.pos_ in content_pos:
                    content += 1
        if total == 0:
            return 0.0
        return content / total

    @staticmethod
    def _count_syllables(word: str) -> int:
        """Count syllables in a word using a vowel-group heuristic.
        Avoids NLTK cmudict which has a known AssertionError bug."""
        word = word.lower().strip()
        if not word:
            return 1
        vowels = "aeiouy"
        count = 0
        prev_vowel = False
        for char in word:
            is_vowel = char in vowels
            if is_vowel and not prev_vowel:
                count += 1
            prev_vowel = is_vowel
        # Adjust for silent 'e' at end
        if word.endswith("e") and count > 1:
            count -= 1
        # Words like "the", "me" still need at least 1
        return max(count, 1)

    def _avg_syllables_per_word(self, words: list) -> float:
        """Average syllables per word."""
        if not words:
            return 0.0
        total = sum(self._count_syllables(w) for w in words)
        return total / len(words)

    @staticmethod
    def _flesch_reading_ease(words: list, sent_lengths: list) -> float:
        """Compute Flesch Reading Ease score without textstat.
        Formula: 206.835 - 1.015 * ASL - 84.6 * ASW
        ASL = average sentence length, ASW = average syllables per word."""
        if not words or not sent_lengths:
            return 0.0
        asl = sum(sent_lengths) / max(len(sent_lengths), 1)
        vowels = "aeiouy"
        total_syllables = 0
        for w in words:
            w_lower = w.lower()
            count = 0
            prev = False
            for c in w_lower:
                v = c in vowels
                if v and not prev:
                    count += 1
                prev = v
            if w_lower.endswith("e") and count > 1:
                count -= 1
            total_syllables += max(count, 1)
        asw = total_syllables / max(len(words), 1)
        return 206.835 - 1.015 * asl - 84.6 * asw

    def extract_raw_features(self, text: str) -> Dict[str, float]:
        """Extract ~40 raw style features from text."""
        if not text or not text.strip():
            return {f"f_{i}": 0.0 for i in range(FEATURE_DIM)}

        doc = self.nlp(text)
        words = [t.text.lower() for t in doc if not t.is_punct and not t.is_space]
        word_count = max(len(words), 1)

        # Sentence-level features
        sentences = list(doc.sents)
        sent_lengths = [len([t for t in s if not t.is_punct and not t.is_space]) for s in sentences]
        if not sent_lengths:
            sent_lengths = [0]

        features = {}

        # [3] Sentence length stats
        features["sentence_length_mean"] = np.mean(sent_lengths)
        features["sentence_length_std"] = np.std(sent_lengths) if len(sent_lengths) > 1 else 0.0
        features["sentence_length_skew"] = float(stats.skew(sent_lengths)) if len(sent_lengths) > 2 else 0.0

        # [2] Word length stats
        word_lengths = [len(w) for w in words]
        features["word_length_mean"] = np.mean(word_lengths) if word_lengths else 0.0
        features["word_length_std"] = np.std(word_lengths) if len(word_lengths) > 1 else 0.0

        # [1] Type-token ratio
        unique_words = set(words)
        features["type_token_ratio"] = len(unique_words) / word_count

        # [1] Passive voice ratio
        features["passive_voice_ratio"] = self._passive_voice_ratio(doc)

        # [1] Active voice ratio
        features["active_voice_ratio"] = 1.0 - features["passive_voice_ratio"]

        # [1] Subordinate clause ratio
        sub_clauses = sum(1 for t in doc if t.dep_ in ("advcl", "relcl", "ccomp", "xcomp", "acl"))
        features["subordinate_clause_ratio"] = sub_clauses / max(len(sent_lengths), 1)

        # [1] Avg dependency tree depth
        features["avg_dependency_tree_depth"] = self._avg_dep_tree_depth(doc)

        # [1] Hedging frequency (per 100 words)
        hedging_count = sum(1 for w in words if w in HEDGING_WORDS)
        features["hedging_frequency"] = (hedging_count / word_count) * 100

        # [20] Discourse marker counts (per 100 words)
        for marker in DISCOURSE_MARKERS:
            marker_count = words.count(marker)
            features[f"discourse_{marker}"] = (marker_count / word_count) * 100

        # [1] Formality score (cached classifier, not re-instantiated per call)
        if not hasattr(self, '_formality_clf'):
            from .formality_classifier import FormalityClassifier
            self._formality_clf = FormalityClassifier()
        features["formality_score"] = self._formality_clf.score(text)

        # [1] Lexical density
        features["lexical_density"] = self._lexical_density(doc)

        # [1] Nominalization ratio
        nom_count = sum(1 for w in words if any(w.endswith(s) for s in NOMINALISATION_SUFFIXES))
        features["nominalization_ratio"] = nom_count / word_count

        # [1] Question sentence ratio
        question_sents = sum(1 for s in sentences if s.text.strip().endswith("?"))
        features["question_sentence_ratio"] = question_sents / max(len(sentences), 1)

        # [1] Exclamation ratio
        excl_sents = sum(1 for s in sentences if s.text.strip().endswith("!"))
        features["exclamation_ratio"] = excl_sents / max(len(sentences), 1)

        # [1] First person ratio
        first_person = {"i", "me", "my", "mine", "myself", "we", "our", "ours"}
        fp_count = sum(1 for w in words if w in first_person)
        features["first_person_ratio"] = fp_count / word_count

        # [1] Third person ratio
        third_person = {"he", "she", "it", "they", "him", "her", "his", "its", "their", "them"}
        tp_count = sum(1 for w in words if w in third_person)
        features["third_person_ratio"] = tp_count / word_count

        # [1] Academic word coverage
        academic_count = sum(1 for w in words if w in self.awl)
        features["academic_word_coverage"] = academic_count / word_count

        # [1] Avg syllables per word (pure-Python, avoids NLTK cmudict bug)
        features["avg_syllables_per_word"] = self._avg_syllables_per_word(words)

        # [1] Flesch reading ease (normalised to 0-1, pure-Python)
        flesch = self._flesch_reading_ease(words, sent_lengths)
        features["flesch_reading_ease"] = max(0.0, min(1.0, flesch / 100.0))

        return features

    def extract_vector(self, text: str) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Returns a 512-dim style embedding tensor."""
        features = self.extract_raw_features(text)

        # Convert feature dict to ordered float array
        values = list(features.values())

        # Pad or truncate to exactly FEATURE_DIM
        if len(values) < FEATURE_DIM:
            values.extend([0.0] * (FEATURE_DIM - len(values)))
        else:
            values = values[:FEATURE_DIM]

        # Convert to tensor and project through MLP
        feature_tensor = torch.tensor(values, dtype=torch.float32).unsqueeze(0)

        with torch.no_grad():
            embedding = self.projection(feature_tensor)

        # L2 normalise
        embedding = F.normalize(embedding, p=2, dim=-1)

        return embedding.squeeze(0)

    def blend_vectors(
        self,
        user_vec: torch.Tensor,
        master_vec: Optional[torch.Tensor],
        alpha: float = 0.6,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Blend user style with master copy style.
        alpha = weight given to user's own style (0.6 = user dominates)
        Formula: target = alpha * user_vec + (1 - alpha) * master_vec
        """
        if master_vec is None:
            return F.normalize(user_vec, p=2, dim=-1)

        blended = alpha * user_vec + (1 - alpha) * master_vec
        # L2 normalise to unit sphere
        return F.normalize(blended, p=2, dim=-1)