| # Malayalam Rule Set | |
| # Written by: Becky | |
| # Edited by: Emily | |
| # Last Updated: 2020-06-15 | |
| type,sfrom,sto,weight,precede,follow,comment | |
| # Class rules | |
| ## Consonants | |
| class,Gem,(p|t̪|ʈ|tʃ|k|m|n̪|n|ɳ|ɲ|ŋ|l|ɭ),,,, | |
| class,KA,ക,,,, | |
| class,KHA,ഖ,,,, | |
| class,GA,ഗ,,,, | |
| class,GHA,ഘ,,,, | |
| class,NGA,ങ,,,, | |
| class,CA,ച,,,, | |
| class,CHA,ഛ,,,, | |
| class,JA,ജ,,,, | |
| class,JHA,ഝ,,,, | |
| class,NYA,ഞ,,,, | |
| class,TTA,ട,,,,"voiceless retroflex unaspirated stop", | |
| class,TTHA,ഠ,,,,"voiceless retroflex aspirated stop", | |
| class,DDA,ഡ,,,,"voiced retroflex unaspirated stop", | |
| class,DDHA,ഢ,,,,"voiced retroflex murmured stop", | |
| class,NNA,ണ,,,,"retroflex nasal", | |
| class,TA,ത,,,,"voiceless dental unaspirated stop", | |
| class,THA,ഥ,,,,"voiceless dental aspirated stop", | |
| class,DA,ദ,,,,"voiced dental unaspirated stop", | |
| class,DHA,ധ,,,,"voiced dental murmured stop", | |
| class,NA,ന,,,, | |
| class,NNNA,ഩ,,,, | |
| class,PA,പ,,,, | |
| class,PHA,ഫ,,,, | |
| class,BA,ബ,,,, | |
| class,BHA,ഭ,,,, | |
| class,MA,മ,,,, | |
| class,YA,യ,,,, | |
| class,RA,ര,,,, | |
| class,RRA,റ,,,, | |
| class,LA,ല,,,, | |
| class,LLA,ള,,,,"retroflex lateral approximant", | |
| class,LLLA,ഴ,,,,"retroflex approximant", | |
| class,VA,വ,,,, | |
| class,SHA,ശ,,,, | |
| class,SSA,ഷ,,,, | |
| class,SA,സ,,,, | |
| class,HA,ഹ,,,, | |
| ## Word-Initial Vowels | |
| class,A,അ,,,, | |
| class,AA,ആ,,,, | |
| class,I,ഇ,,,, | |
| class,II,ഈ,,,, | |
| class,U,ഉ,,,, | |
| class,UU,ഊ,,,, | |
| class,E,എ,,,, | |
| class,EE,ഏ,,,, | |
| class,AI,ഐ,,,, | |
| class,O,ഒ,,,, | |
| class,OO,ഓ,,,, | |
| class,AU,ഔ,,,, | |
| ## Diacritics | |
| class,DIACRITICAA,ാ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICI,ി,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICII,ീ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICU,ു,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICUU,ൂ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICE,െ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICEE,േ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICAI,ൈ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICO,ൊ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICOO,ോ,,,, | |
| class,DIACRITICAU,(ൌ|ൗ),,,, | |
| class,VIRAMA,്,,,,"deletes the inherent /a/", | |
| class,ANUSVARA,(ം|൦),,,,"/m/ word-finally", | |
| class,VISARGA,ഃ,,,,"/h/ word-finally", | |
| ## Consonants (No Inherent Vowel) | |
| class,CHILLUNN,ൺ,,,, | |
| class,CHILLUN,(ൻ|൯),,,, | |
| class,CHILLURR,(ർ|൪),,,, | |
| class,CHILLUL,ൽ,,,, | |
| class,CHILLULL,ൾ,,,, | |
| class,CHILLUK,ൿ,,,, | |
| # Sub Rules | |
| ## Misc. Rules | |
| sub,,,1,,,removing zero width non joiner | |
| sub,,,1,,,removing zero width joiner | |
| ## Consonants | |
| sub,{KA},k a,1,,, | |
| sub,{KHA},kʰ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{GA},ɡ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{GHA},ɡʱ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{NGA},ŋ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{CA},tʃ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{CHA},tʃʰ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{JA},ɟ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{JHA},ɟʱ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{NYA},ɲ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{TTA},ʈ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{TTHA},ʈʰ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{DDA},ɖ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{DDHA},ɖʱ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{NNA},ɳ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{TA},t̪ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{THA},t̪ʰ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{DA},d̪ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{DHA},d̪ʱ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{NA},n̪ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{NNNA},n a,1,,, | |
| sub,{PA},p a,1,,, | |
| sub,{PHA},pʰ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{BA},b a,1,,, | |
| sub,{BHA},bʱ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{MA},m a,1,,, | |
| sub,{YA},j a,1,,, | |
| sub,{RA},ɾ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{RRA},r a,1,,, | |
| sub,{LA},l a,1,,, | |
| sub,{LLA},ɭ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{LLLA},ɻ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{VA},ʋ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{SHA},ʃ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{SSA},ʂ a,1,,, | |
| sub,{SA},s a,1,,, | |
| sub,{HA},h a,1,,, | |
| ## Word-Initial Vowels | |
| sub,{A},a,1,,, | |
| sub,{AA},a ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{I},i,1,,, | |
| sub,{II},i ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{U},u,1,,, | |
| sub,{UU},u ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{E},e,1,,, | |
| sub,{EE},e ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{AI},ai,1,,, | |
| sub,{O},o,1,,, | |
| sub,{OO},o ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{AU},au,1,,, | |
| ## Diacritics | |
| sub,{DIACRITICAA},ERASE a ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICI},ERASE i,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICII},ERASE i ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICU},ERASE u,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICUU},ERASE u ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICE},ERASE e,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICEE},ERASE e ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICAI},ERASE ai,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICO},ERASE o,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICOO},ERASE o ː,1,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICAU},ERASE au,1,,, | |
| sub,{VIRAMA},ERASE,1,,, | |
| sub,{ANUSVARA},m,1,,,, | |
| sub,{VISARGA},h,1,,,, | |
| sub,{DIACRITICU},ERASE u,3,,{VIRAMA},"accounts for the predictable reduction of /u/", | |
| sub,{VIRAMA},,2,{DIACRITICU},,"clean-up", | |
| # Consonants (No Inherent Vowel) | |
| sub,{CHILLUNN},ɳ,1,,, | |
| sub,{CHILLUN},n̪,1,,, | |
| sub,{CHILLURR},r,1,,, | |
| sub,{CHILLUL},l,1,,, | |
| sub,{CHILLULL},ɭ,1,,, | |
| sub,{CHILLUK},k,1,,, | |
| # ipasub Rules | |
| ipasub,e ː ERASE a ː,o ː,2,,,"/ea/ (long) to /o/ - two diacritics compose this phoneme", | |
| ipasub,e ERASE a ː,o,2,,,"changes /ea/ to /o/ - two diacritics compose this phoneme", | |
| ipasub,a ERASE,,1,,,"removes the inherent vowel when inflected by another vowel", | |
| ipasub,({Gem}) a ERASE \1,\1 ː,3,,,"consonant gemination", | |
| ipasub,({Gem}) a ERASE \1ʰ,\1ʰ ː,3.5,,,"fixes gemination rule", | |
| ipasub,({Gem}) a ERASE \1ʱ,\1ʱ ː,3.5,,,"fixes gemination rule", | |
| ipasub,r a ERASE r,ʈ ː,4,,,"fixes gemination - exception", | |
| # Misc. Rules | |
| ipasub,ERASE,@,0.5,,,"accounts for unattested combos", | |
| ipasub, ːʰ, @,1,,,"accounts for unattested aspiration (3 instances)", | |