|
|
|
|
|
title: "Angor" |
|
|
author: "Emily Strand" |
|
|
bibliography: agg.bib |
|
|
output: html_document |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Last Updated: 2020-06-26 |
|
|
|
|
|
# Background |
|
|
|
|
|
**Language Family**: Trans-New Guinea / Senagi |
|
|
|
|
|
* Angor is spoken in within the Sandaun province in Northern Papua New Guinea. |
|
|
|
|
|
# Phonology |
|
|
|
|
|
## Consonants |
|
|
|
|
|
```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
|
|
|
|
|
library(dplyr) |
|
|
library(knitr) |
|
|
library(kableExtra) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
consonants <- read.table(textConnection(' |
|
|
"Manner of Articulation" Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar |
|
|
Stops "p b ᵐb" "t d ⁿd" "" "k ɡ ᵑɡ" |
|
|
Fricatives "ɸ" "s" "" "x" |
|
|
Nasals "m" "n" "" "ŋ" |
|
|
Flaps "" "ɾ" "" "" |
|
|
Approximants "w" "" "j" "" |
|
|
'), TRUE) |
|
|
|
|
|
kable(consonants, col.names = c("Manner of Articulation", "Labial", "Alveolar", "Palatal", "Velar"), align = 'c') %>% |
|
|
kable_styling("bordered") %>% |
|
|
add_header_above(c("", "Place of Articulation" = 4)) %>% |
|
|
column_spec(1, bold = TRUE) %>% |
|
|
footnote(general = "Note: Cells that contain three phonemes are ordered voiceless, voiced, and prenasalized.", general_title = "") |
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
## Vowels |
|
|
|
|
|
* Vowel harmony is present in Angor [@litteral_features_2008, p. 25]. |
|
|
* Diphthongs can also be realized as vowel sequences [@litteral_angor_1997, p. 4], so I have chosen not to represent them in the transcription. |
|
|
* Based on the description of stress by @litteral_features_2008, such that the phonemic mid central vowel present in the language occurs only in unstressed syllables (pp. 23-24), I have chosen to stick with their analysis of using /ə/. |
|
|
|
|
|
```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
|
|
|
|
|
vowels <- read.table(textConnection(' |
|
|
Front Central Back |
|
|
High "i" "ɨ" "u" |
|
|
Mid "e" "ə" "o" |
|
|
Low "" "a" "" |
|
|
'), TRUE) |
|
|
|
|
|
kable(vowels, align = 'c') %>% |
|
|
kable_styling("bordered") %>% |
|
|
column_spec(1, bold = TRUE) |
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
# Alphabet |
|
|
|
|
|
```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
|
|
|
|
|
alphabet <- read.table(textConnection(' |
|
|
Grapheme Phoneme |
|
|
"a" "/a/" |
|
|
"b" "/b/" |
|
|
"d" "/d/" |
|
|
"e" "/e/" |
|
|
"f" "/ɸ/" |
|
|
"g" "/ɡ/" |
|
|
"h" "/x/" |
|
|
"i" "/i/" |
|
|
"ɨ" "/ə/" |
|
|
"k" "/k/" |
|
|
"m" "/m/" |
|
|
"n" "/n/" |
|
|
"o" "/o/" |
|
|
"p" "/p/" |
|
|
"r" "/ɾ/" |
|
|
"s" "/s/" |
|
|
"t" "/t/" |
|
|
"u" "/u/" |
|
|
"ü" "/ɨ/" |
|
|
"w" "/w/" |
|
|
"y" "/j/" |
|
|
**Multigraph** "" |
|
|
"mb" "/ᵐb/" |
|
|
"nd" "/ⁿd/" |
|
|
"ng; ŋ" "/ŋ/" |
|
|
"ngg; ŋg" "/ᵑɡ/" |
|
|
'), TRUE) |
|
|
|
|
|
kable(alphabet, align = 'c') %>% |
|
|
kable_styling("bordered") |
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
# Syllable Structure |
|
|
|
|
|
* Syllables in Angor have the following structures [@litteral_angor_1997, p. 4]: |
|
|
- V |
|
|
- VV |
|
|
- VC |
|
|
- CV |
|
|
- CVV |
|
|
- CVC |
|
|
|
|
|
# Lenition Rules |
|
|
|
|
|
* /ɸ/ and /x/ can be voiced word-medially [@litteral_angor_1997, p. 4]. |
|
|
|
|
|
# Misc. Rules |
|
|
|
|
|
* /ɾ/ may be realized as retroflex following /a/ [@litteral_angor_1997, p. 4]. |
|
|
* Unstressed word-final vowels are often deleted following either voiceless stops, nasals (including pre-nasals), or /x/ (ibid.). |
|
|
|
|
|
# References |
|
|
|
