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title: "Amanab" |
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author: "Bill Mizgerd" |
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bibliography: amn.bib |
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output: html_document |
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Last Updated: 2020-06-24 |
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**Language Family**: Trans-New Guinea / Northern / Border / Waris |
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* Amanab is spoken on the Sandaun province of Papua New Guinea. |
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* @AmnMinch1992 argues against the presence of /ⁿd/ (p. 107). |
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* @AmnSIL2001 argues for /ɸ/ rather than /f/, as well as for a series of /ᵑɡ/ and /ɣ/ rather than /ŋ/ and /ᵑɡ/ (p. 1). |
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* @AmnPalmer2017 presents a general consonant inventory of the Border family, rather than for Amanab specifically, so his inventory features a handful of differences from the other sources. |
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* @AmnSIL2001 includes /l/ as a phoneme (p. 1), but it seems to actually be an allophone of /ɾ/ - later in the same paper, the author lists [l] and [ɾ] as occurring in free variation (p. 4). |
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```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
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library(dplyr) |
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library(knitr) |
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library(kableExtra) |
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consonants <- read.table(textConnection(' |
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"Manner of Articulation" Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal |
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Stops "p ᵐb" "t ⁿd" "" "k ᵑɡ" "" |
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Fricatives "f" "s" "" "" "h" |
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Nasals "m" "n" "" "ŋ" "" |
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Flaps "" "ɾ" "" "" "" |
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Approximants "w" "" "j" "" "" |
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'), TRUE) |
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kable(consonants, col.names = c("Manner of Articulation", "Labial", "Alveolar", "Palatal", "Velar", "Glottal"), align = 'c') %>% |
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kable_styling("bordered") %>% |
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add_header_above(c("", "Place of Articulation" = 5)) %>% |
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footnote(general = "Note: Phonemes to the left of each cell are voiceless and phonemes to the right of each cell are voiced.", general_title = "") %>% |
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column_spec(1, bold = TRUE) |
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``` |
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* @AmnSIL2001 argues for /ɑ/ and /ɛ/ rather than /a/ and /e/ (p. 1). |
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```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
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vowels <- read.table(textConnection(' |
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Front Central Back |
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High "i" "" "u" |
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Mid "e" "" "o" |
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Low "" "a" "" |
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'), TRUE) |
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kable(vowels, align = 'c') %>% |
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kable_styling("bordered") %>% |
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column_spec(1, bold = TRUE) |
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``` |
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```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
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alphabet <- read.table(textConnection(' |
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Grapheme Phoneme Comment |
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"a" "/a/" "" |
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"b" "/ᵐb/" "" |
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"d" "/ⁿd/" "rare" |
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"e" "/e/" "" |
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"f" "/f/" "" |
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"g" "/ᵑɡ/" "" |
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"h" "/h/" "" |
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"i" "/i/" "" |
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"k" "/k/" "" |
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"l" "/ɾ/" "" |
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"m" "/m/" "" |
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"n" "/n/" "" |
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"o" "/o/" "" |
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"p" "/p/" "" |
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"r" "/ɾ/" "" |
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"s" "/s/" "" |
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"t" "/t/" "" |
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"u" "/u/" "" |
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"w" "/w/" "" |
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"y" "/j/" "" |
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"**Digraph**" "" "" |
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"ng" "/ŋ/" "" |
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'), TRUE) |
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kable(alphabet, align = 'c') %>% |
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kable_styling("bordered") |
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``` |
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* Word-medial /ᵑɡ/ sometimes spirantizes to [ɣ] [@AmnSIL2001, p. 4]. |
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* Word-medial /f/ sometimes voices to [v] word-medially (ibid.). |
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* /x/, which is attested in other languages of the Border family [@AmnPalmer2017, p. 327], has historically debuccalized to [h] in Amanab. However, Amanab /h/ can surface as [x] word-finally [@AmnSIL2001, p. 4]. |
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* Word-final /k/ has a lateral release [@AmnSIL2001, p. 4]. |
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