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| title: "Pele-Ata" |
| author: "Emily Strand" |
| bibliography: ata.bib |
| output: html_document |
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| Last updated: 2019-11-08 |
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| # Background |
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| **Language family**: East Papuan / Yele-Solomons-New Britain / New Britain / Wasi |
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| * **Note:** The classification of Pele-Ata carries some controversy. @campbell2017 classifies it as a language isolate, stating that similarities among such languages within the (tentative) family are far too small to warrant any genealogical relation [also noted in @Campbell2010, pp. 6-7]. |
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| * Pele-Ata is spoken in the East and West New Britain provinces of Papua New Guinea. |
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| # Phonology |
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| ## Consonants |
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| ```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
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| library(dplyr) |
| library(knitr) |
| library(kableExtra) |
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| consonants <- read.table(textConnection(' |
| "Manner of Articulation" Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal |
| Stops "p" "t" "k" "ʔ" |
| Fricatives "β" "s" "x" "" |
| Nasals "m" "n" "ŋ" "" |
| Approximants "" "l" "" "" |
| '), TRUE) |
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| kable(consonants, col.names = c("Manner of Articulation", "Labial", "Alveolar", "Velar", "Glottal"), align = 'c') %>% |
| kable_styling("bordered") %>% |
| add_header_above(c("", "Place of Articulation" = 4)) %>% |
| column_spec(1, bold = TRUE) |
| ``` |
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| ## Vowels |
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| * Vowel length is phonemic in Pele-Ata [@hashimoto2003, p. 2]. Long vowels are indicated by duplicate graphemes. |
| * Pele-Ata has a large number of possible diphthongs, which, depending on the syllable structure, can be interpreted as either complex nuclei or sequences of vowels [@hashimoto2003, p. 3]. Thus, they will not be transcribed in the rules. |
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| ```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
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| vowels <- read.table(textConnection(' |
| Front Back |
| High "i" "u" |
| Mid "ɛ" "o" |
| Low "" "ɑ" |
| '), TRUE) |
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| kable(vowels, align = 'c') %>% |
| kable_styling("bordered") %>% |
| column_spec(1, bold = TRUE) |
| ``` |
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| # Alphabet |
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| * Orthographically, ⟨w⟩ and ⟨j⟩ are sometimes used to represent /u/ and /i/ respectively, which will be transcribed as such in the rules [@hashimoto2003, p. 3]. |
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| ```{r echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, results = 'asis'} |
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| alphabet <- read.table(textConnection(' |
| Grapheme Phoneme |
| "a" "/ɑ/" |
| "e" "/ɛ/" |
| "i" "/i/" |
| "k" "/k/" |
| "l" "/l/" |
| "m" "/m/" |
| "n" "/n/" |
| "o" "/o/" |
| "p" "/p/" |
| "s" "/s/" |
| "t" "/t/" |
| "u" "/u/" |
| "v" "/β/" |
| "x" "/x/" |
| "\'" "/ʔ/" |
| **Digraph** "" |
| "ng" "/ŋ/" |
| '), TRUE) |
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| kable(alphabet, align = 'c') %>% |
| kable_styling("bordered") |
| ``` |
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| # Syllable Structure |
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| * Syllables in Pele-Ata consist of the following structures [@hashimoto2003, p. 3]: |
| - V |
| - CV |
| - CVV |
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| # Lenition Rules |
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| * /x/ becomes voiced intervocalically [@hashimoto2003, p. 3]. |
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| # Misc. Rules |
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| * /s/ is palatalized preceding /i/ [@hashimoto2003, p. 3]. |
| * /i/ and /u/ become [j] and [w] word-initially preceding /o/ and /ɑ/ [@hashimoto2003, p. 3]. |
| * Epenthetic [j] and [w] are inserted intervocalically (agreeing with the first vowel), in the sequences /io/, /iɑ/, /uo/, and /uɑ/ (ibid.). |
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| # References |
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