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+0,"Global challenges requiring collective action are those issues, problems, or threats that impact a large portion of humankind and compel action by multiple actors: for example, avoiding the use of nuclear weapons, mitigating climate change, and preventing mass violence and atrocities. For the majority of our lifetimes, these challenges have been perceived to be the responsibility of national governments working together under bilateral or multilateral frameworks—either of their own accord through agreements"
+0,"From Singapore, Hanoi to Stockholm, Biegun discusses his time as Washington’s lead official on North Korea policy"
+0,"About half a million years ago, human beings learned to make fire. By collecting and burning wood they were able to warm themselves, cook food and manufacture primitive implements. Thousands of years later the Egyptians discovered the principle of the sail. Later still came the invention of the water wheel. All these activities utilise various forms of energy - biological, chemical, solar and hydraulic.
+
+Living standards and populations
+
+Energy, 'the ability to do work' utilising the forces of nature or the"
+0,"Hydrogen is increasingly seen as a key component of future energy systems if it can be made without carbon dioxide emissions.
+It is starting to be used as a transport fuel, despite the need for high-pressure containment.
+The use of hydrogen in the production of liquid transport fuels from crude oil is increasing rapidly, and is vital where tar sands are the oil source.
+Hydrogen can be combined with carbon dioxide to make methanol or dimethyl ether (DME) which are important transport fuels.
+Hydrogen also has"
+0,"The COVID-19 pandemic recovery has presented a window of opportunity for governments, according to a White Paper published today by World Nuclear Association. It says recovery plans that include investment in nuclear energy could not only boost economic growth and jobs, but also fulfil climate change commitments and build a clean and resilient energy system.
+
+(Image: Ontario Power Generation)
+
+The paper - titled Building a stronger tomorrow: Nuclear power in the post-pandemic world - says the global coronav"
+0,"Today’s national security classification system “relies on antiquated policies from another era that undercut its effectiveness today,” the Information Security Oversight Office told the President in a report released yesterday.
+
+Modernizing the system is a “government-wide imperative,” the new ISOO annual report said.
+
+But that is a familiar refrain by now. It is much the same message that was delivered with notable urgency by ISOO in last year’s annual report which found that the secrecy system is “hamstr"
+0,"As the Taliban strengthen their control over Afghanistan, a large-scale internal displacement crisis is unfolding. Prior to the current unrest, some 3.5 million people were already forcibly displaced within the country’s borders. Recent estimates suggest that another 550,000 individuals have been displaced since the start of 2021, of which 80 percent are women and children. These figures likely underestimate the extent of the growing emergency, as current estimates do not account for the widespread turmoil "
+0,"Shine Medical is building production plants in Wisconsin
+
+Wisconsin-based Shine Medical Technologies has secured $150m in financing from investors for commercialisation of diagnostic and therapeutic isotope technologies, including fusion-based applications, the company said in a statement."
+0,"Enter the “Quantum Zoo of International Relations”—our main attraction is a towering behemoth machine with tiger stripes of tubes, wires, and a long steel cylinder snout. Peering into the cage with intense curiosity, states are increasingly studying quantum computers to gain a technical edge in cybersecurity and intelligence operations and promote economic growth.
+
+Quantum computers are highly advanced machines that can solve complex mathematical problems more efficiently than classical computers (an impres"
+0,"Washington will be best served by proactive communication with key players in North Korea
+
+Image: White House | U.S. President Joe Biden makes a diplomatic phone call from the White House on May 12, 2021"
+0,"After covering much of the expansion in power generation across Asia over the last decade, coal power investment is now slowing down everywhere outside of China. This has been reflected in the fate of China-backed coal power projects, with far more proposed capacity cancelled than progressing into construction in recent years. The slowdown in new coal is an opportunity for both recipient countries and financiers, including China, to pivot fully to zero carbon technologies to meet energy security goals and s"
+0,"A containerised Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser is to be installed at Exelon Generation's Nine Mile Point nuclear power plant in New York State as part of a hydrogen production demonstration project. The unit will supply hydrogen for the plant's turbine cooling and chemistry control.
+
+Exelon Generation announced yesterday it has received a grant from the US Department of Energy (DOE) to explore the potential benefits of on-site hydrogen production at Nine Mile Point. The company will partner wit"
+0,"Attempted to export miniature vertical gyroscopes, items appearing on the United States Munitions List (USML), from the United States to Pakistan without the required licenses; pled guilty on June 21, 2016 to conspiring to export a defense controlled item without a license; sentenced on September 1, 2016 to 33 months in prison.
+
+From June 2012 to August 2014, conspired to export eight VG34-0803-3 miniature vertical gyroscopes from the United States to Pakistan, via Belgium; planned to supply the items to Pa"
+0,"Summary
+
+Since South Korean President Moon Jae-in entered office in May 2017, he spent the first three years of his presidency focusing on summitry with North Korea’s Kim Jong Un, convincing former U.S. president Donald Trump to engage directly with Kim, stressing his own version of “draining the swamp” or rooting out corruption, and promoting wage-led economic growth. However, less than a year before Moon leaves office, his domestic and inter-Korean policies remain mired in setbacks. Surprisingly, Moon’s m"
+0,"This new coursebook situates the European Union in a dramatically changed world order. Resisting a more traditional focus on the EU’s sui generis rules and instruments, this innovative new text demonstrates how hard the union must work today to retain its international influence. Taking into account the latest empirical developments, including the spread of war and violence in the East with Ukraine and the ongoing turbulent politics of the Middle East and North Africa, the book stresses how the EU has been "
+0,"The Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) traces its origins to the Vietnam War and the mass teach-ins that took place on campus during that turbulent era. At one of the gatherings, political scientist John W. Lewis, a noted China scholar, met physicist Wolfgang (Pief) Panofsky, then director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), and Stanford law professor John Barton. The three men, Lewis recalls, found that the students had little knowledge about war and how security polici"
+0,"The recent wave of high-profile cyberattacks by Russian organized crime groups has forced U.S. President Joe Biden’s administration to confront a difficult question: How should the United States respond to hacks not by hostile foreign governments but by criminal nonstate actors? Last October, Russian hackers targeted several U.S. hospital systems with ransomware, disrupting access to electronic medical records and leaving some providers to piece together medical protocols from memory in the midst of a globa"
+0,"Summary
+
+Russia may be back in the Middle East, but is it a truly strategic player? The picture is decidedly mixed. After abandoning most of its presence in the Levant and North Africa during the late 1980s, the Kremlin has alarmed Western policymakers in recent years by filling power vacuums and exploiting the missteps of the United States and the European states. Moscow panders to the insecurities and ambitions of local regimes, trying to enrich itself along the way. While Russian activism is part of a br"
+0,"Irradiated lead test rods containing Westinghouse's EnCore advanced fuel technology have arrived at the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) where they will undergo a year of testing to support regulatory licensing efforts. The fuel is being developed under the DOE's Accident Tolerant Fuel Program, an industry-led effort looking to commercialise new fuels within the decade.
+
+The rods were loaded into a commercial US nuclear reactor in the spring of 2019 and removed after comp"
+0,"The sanctioned North Korean vessel Subblic has occasionally assumed the identity of a clean ship, in a sophisticated identity swap scheme that made it possible to more easily engage in illegal activities, a draft of a forthcoming U.N. Panel of Experts (PoE) report seen by NK Pro shows.
+
+The clean ship, the Hai Zhou 168, underwent major exterior modifications that appear to have allowed it to fraudulently obtain a new International Maritime Organization (IMO) registration number, leaving its original identit"
+0,"From a North Korean football team that mysteriously vanished to an American defector who spent most of his life in the DPRK, three newly available documentaries seek answers to some of the country’s most stubborn enigmas while shining a light on the private lives of citizens in the totalitarian state.
+
+“The Game of Their Lives,” “A State of Mind” and “Crossing the Line” from director Daniel Gordon and producer Nick Bonner together form an informal trilogy that offers compelling insights into these and other"
+0,"Argentina is looking to double the size of its nuclear sector with new power reactors in deals with China and the ""national"" construction of a new Candu unit with Canadian support, José Luis Antúnez, the head of national utility Nucleoeléctrica Argentina SA (NA-SA), said in an interview with Perfil newspaper. Construction of a Hualong One unit could begin at Atucha as soon as next year.
+
+The Atucha plant site (Image: NA-SA)
+
+Antúnez said that plans for a new reactor at Atucha would be the result of the rebo"
+0,"1 Apr 2020: EVENT CANCELLED DUE TO CORONAVRIUS PANDEMIC
+
+The International Conference on Individual Monitoring of Ionising Radiation, to be held in Budapest, Hungary from 19-24 April 2020, will cover all aspects of individual monitoring of ionising radiation including standards, assessment and new developments, organisers said.
+The conference, to be held at the Danubius Hotel Helia, is jointly organised every five years by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) and Hungary’s Centre for Energy Rese"
+0,The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission will accept public comments until 12 October on the draft environmental impact statement regarding Dominion Energy’s application for a subsequent licence renewal for the North Anna nuclear power station in Virginia.
+0,"In the last 60 years uranium has become one of the world’s most important energy minerals.
+It is mined and concentrated similarly to many other metals.
+
+While uranium is used almost entirely for making electricity, a small proportion is used for the important task of producing medical isotopes. Some is also used in marine propulsion, especially naval.
+
+Uranium is a naturally occurring element with an average concentration of 2.8 parts per million in the Earth's crust. Traces of it occur almost everywhere. I"
+0,"The cyber threat has expanded dramatically in recent years, with a series of damaging, high-profile attacks that have made headlines around the world. Nuclear facilities and critical command and control systems are not immune to cyber attack—such an attack could facilitate the theft of weapons-usable nuclear materials or a catastrophic act of sabotage. In addition, there is even the possibility that nuclear weapons command and control could be compromised.
+
+Governments are working to understand and minimize"
+0,"Uranium was produced from the Dornod deposit in Mongolia by Russian interests to 1995.
+Mongolia has substantial known uranium resources and geological prospectivity for more.
+Since 2008 Russia has re-established its position in developing northeastern Mongolian uranium deposits.
+There is currently no uranium mining in Mongolia.
+
+According to the 2016 'Red Book', Mongolia has 141,000 tU in reasonably assured resources plus inferred resources, to US$ 130/kg U. The Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of "
+0,"On November 18, 2005, U.S. Strategic Command’s new Space a Global Strike command achieved Initial Operational Capability (IOC) at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. The new command, is tasked with implementing the new Global Strike mission assigned to STRATCOM in 2003. This includes CONPLAN 8022, a new strike plan that includes preemptive nuclear strike against weapons of mass destruction facilities anywhere in the world."
+0,"World Nuclear Association has launched the 2021 edition of The Nuclear Fuel Repor t, concluding that the positive trend in nuclear generating capacity projections that began in the previous (2019) report continues."
+0,"The increased availability and lower cost of satellite imagery has made it accessible to civil society in recent years. While universities, think tanks, and nongovernmental organizations are racing ahead to incorporate this form of open-source intelligence (OSINT) into their regular research work, there are a number of unexamined areas that our team at the Open Nuclear Network (ONN) wanted to explore. Are open-source analysts facing ethical dilemmas? If they are, how are they resolved? What resources exist "
+0,"California has a large and growing population and a flourishing economy, with a major high-technology sector.
+Electricity demand has been rising steadily for many years, but it lacks sufficient reliable in-state supply.
+In 2000-01 there was an acute electricity supply crisis, triggered by several factors.
+In the summer of 2020 there was another supply crisis, with an emergency being declared by the system operator.
+California has set the target of generating all the state's electricity from low-carbon sourc"
+0,"Classified records that turn 25 years old this year will be automatically declassified on December 31 — despite requests from agencies to extend the deadline due to the pandemic — unless the records are reviewed and specifically found to be subject to an authorized exemption.
+
+Mark A. Bradley, the director of the Information Security Oversight Office, notified executive branch agencies last week that there is no basis in law or policy for deferring the automatic declassification deadline.
+
+“Several agencies"
+0,"We are very pleased to announce the launch of Learning Unit 17 of the EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament eLearning Course today. Sonia Drobysz and Yasemin Balci authored this learning unit, with assistance from Thomas Brown. We would like to thank Leibniz-Institut Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung / Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (HSFK/PRIF) for their development of this Learning Unit, which is freely available here.
+
+Learning Unit 17 covers non-proliferation and disarmament law. It i"
+0,"On August 31, 2021, the last U.S. troops left Afghanistan. While the Biden administration touted the withdrawal as the fulfillment of a promise to end a decades-long war, to the Afghan allies left behind, it was a promise irrevocably broken. The fate of thousands of Afghans who not only worked with the U.S. government, but who dared to believe in the universal values of freedom and democracy is in question. There should be an accounting of the events that transpired over the last month, but for now, policym"
+0,"Daniel Bob has worked on US policy on Asia Pacific economic, diplomatic, and security matters for almost three decades and has held senior positions in the Senate, House, and executive branch. He also holds experience working working in think tanks, the private sector and as an entrepreneur. Currently, he is a Fellow at the Resichauer Center for East Asian Studies at Johns Hopkins SAIS. He is also a Distinguished Senior Fellow at Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA, where he previously worked as Director of US-Ja"
+0,"While the Maghreb has long been at the margins of U.S. policy in the Middle East and North Africa, trends in this region increasingly reverberate throughout the Middle East. In this new environment, developments in the Maghreb will continue to have an impact both on the broader Middle East and on U.S. interests. The Middle East Program examines changing political, economic, and security trends in the Maghreb—defined here as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya—through original research and analysis and by c"
+0,"WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Secretary of Energy Jennifer M. Granholm issued the following statement today on President Biden’s intent to nominate Brad Crabtree for Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy and Carbon Management at the U.S. Department of Energy:
+
+“I am grateful to President Biden for nominating Brad Crabtree to serve as DOE’s Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy and Carbon Management. This office’s work to slash carbon emissions in our electricity and industrial sectors is critical to helping us co"
+0,"The nuclear medicine sector is a small part of the wider nuclear industry, but it provides some of the most pioneering technologies in healthcare - and is close to making personalised medicine a reality. Antonis Kalemis, president of Nuclear Medicine Europe and business manager for molecular imaging at Siemens Healthineers, describes how nuclear medicine also tackles the most trenchant condition in modern healthcare: cancer.
+
+""Over the past year-and-a-half essential healthcare has focused on the coronavirus"
+1,"Construction of this fabrication plant is believed to have begun during 1980-1981; and the plant was operational in early 1987. The Soviet Union’s refusal in 1979 to sell nuclear fuel to North Korea for the 5MWe reactor on the grounds that they would only supply for Soviet-made equipment was apparently the impetus for building this facility. [2] This plant was capable of producing Magnox fuel rods with both magnesium-aluminum cladding (used in the 5 MWe reactor), and magnesium-zirconium cladding.
+
+A North K"
+0,"What is gender?
+
+Gender does not refer to biological sex, e.g. man, woman, or intersex, but rather to socially constructed ideas that attribute meaning to and differentiate between sexes. Gender is the range of characteristics associated with man, woman, intersex, masculine, feminine, transgender, etc.
+
+In his 2002 report Women, Peace and Security, the UN Secretary-General noted that conceptions of gender “vary according to socio-economic, political and cultural contexts, and are affected by other factors, "
+0,"The UK has launched a consultation on proposed regulations for nuclear-powered ships that would enable UK-flagged vessels to use the power source and international vessels to visit its ports. ""The UK is committed to enabling the adoption of new technologies that manufacturers and ship owners may choose to meet legal requirements relating to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore will establish a regulatory framework that will support nuclear-powered ships as an alternative fuel option,"" s"
+0,"When they showed up to their respective classrooms – at the time, Crenshaw was at Wesleyan University teaching a course on decision making and foreign policy; Zegart at UCLA – they found them packed. There were more students in the lecture hall for Crenshaw’s course than were enrolled.
+
+Students – horrified and trying to make sense of what was happening – sought clarity and comfort from their teachers, who just happened to be experts on the issues that would come to define the next two decades of U.S. domes"
+0,"Digital driver’s licenses can offer greater protection of personal information, and some states are already skipping the line at the DMV
+
+From submitting personal information over email to scheduling telehealth appointments, safe and verifiable forms of personal identification are crucial. While physical driver’s licenses are standard, they can be stolen or forged. To improve security and ease of use, some states have developed digital driver’s license programs, and even the federal government has signaled "
+0,"WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced over $1 billion in awards for the establishment of 12 new artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum information science (QIS) research institutes nationwide.
+
+The $1 billion will go towards NSF-led AI Research Institutes and DOE QIS Research Centers over five years, establishing 12 multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional national hubs f"
+0,"A radioactive “dirty bomb” or radiological dispersal device (RDD), made by combining radioactive material with conventional explosives to spread it, would not cause catastrophic levels of death and injury on the scale of a nuclear weapon detonation. A dirty bomb explosion could cause significant short-and long-term health problems for those in the area and could leave billions of dollars in damage due to the costs of evacuation, relocation and cleanup. Buildings would have to be demolished and debris remove"
+0,"In response to the spread of Covid-19, China has deployed medical teams and donated medical equipment to over 150 countries. China refers to these provisions as humanitarian assistance, differentiating them from existing development programs. While this assistance may not fit the principled, non-politicized definition of humanitarian aid used by many donors, it reflects how China thinks about short-term humanitarian action in the context of natural disasters and pandemics.
+
+The exact figure of Chinese spend"
+0,"About the Event: Nuclear nonproliferation has been a pressing societal need since the development of nuclear weapons. Preventing the further spread of nuclear capabilities that could lead to a nuclear weapons program is a crucial mission that requires both technical and policy advances. Several international treaties have been put into place to curb the expansion of nuclear capabilities. Nevertheless, there are states that may be pursuing elements of an overt or covert nuclear weapons program. New science a"
+0,"An updated education module based on the 2016 Nuclear Security Summit is now available. The module provides a two-session curriculum on nuclear materials security for undergraduate or graduate courses in international relations, security studies, diplomacy, counter-terrorism, or nuclear sciences. It includes a “Model Summit” experience for students with lesson plans, talking points and a PowerPoint briefing for professors.
+
+The module includes an introduction to nuclear materials security that would be cove"
+0,"Remarks in Rjukan, Norway
+
+Despite its small size, Norway has made a large contribution to the spread of nuclear weapons–essentially by selling heavy water. According to the Norwegian government, by 1987 Norway had produced 440 to 450 tons of heavy water, and virtually every kilogram of it was exported. Norway started a small heavy water reactor of its own at Halden in 1957, but Norway imported 16 tons of American heavy water to fill it. This left Norway free to sell its own water on the world market–at a h"
+0,"In conversation with Steve Morrison on August 3, Dr. Fauci began by laying out the $3.2b Antiviral Program for Pandemics. Its dual aims are quick and long-term wins. The optimal antiviral: a single pill, oral, that early in infection stops replication. Any solution has to be grounded in equity of access, at home and abroad; requires a massive increase in testing; and will rest on combination therapy to combat variants. The initial $3.2b, it is hoped, achieves success that fuels higher future investments. Pr"
+0,"Welcome to the National Park Service and Department of Energy’s information page for the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. See below if you would like to donate to the preservation and operation of park facilities.
+
+About the Park
+
+For over a decade, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and National Park Service (NPS), in cooperation with other federal agencies, state and local governments, and other stakeholders, pursued the possibility of including DOE's most significant Manhattan Project propert"
+0,"How will US-Russia relations develop within the next few years? Are we on the verge of a new cold war? What is needed to maintain strategic stability after the New START expires in 2026? What should be the format and aspects of the follow-on treaty? Do we really need depoliticization of negotiations? Is the elimination of all nuclear weapons is a realistic goal today? Can a nuclear-weapons-free world be really achieved? What will be the US policy on China within the next few years?
+
+Pifer addresses these ke"
+0,"President Biden also wants to see ‘at least one’ nuclear-powered clean hydrogen demonstration hub
+
+President Joe Biden’s $1.2tn infrastructure bill, passed this week by the Senate, lays out plans for the development of new nuclear reactor technology and a credit programme for existing reactors that face closure because of economic reasons."
+0,"The Nuclear Threat Initiative’s 2020 Annual Report, detailing the organization’s accomplishments in reducing global nuclear and biological threats while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, is now available. The report’s title says it all: A Year Like No Other.
+
+As the deadly new coronavirus swept the globe, NTI’s biosecurity team responded swiftly to guide community response while continuing work to lay the groundwork to prevent future pandemics.
+
+And as the pandemic proved that the unthinkable can happen,"
+0,"Revolutionary technologies hold much promise for humanity. When taken up for military uses, they can affect international peace and security. The challenge is to build understanding among stakeholders about a technology and develop responsive solutions to mitigate risks.
+
+That’s where we might be today with military applications of artificial intelligence (AI).
+
+Militaries are developing systems that use AI for missions ranging from logistics, to decision support, command and control, or even lethal force. "
+0,"A new edition of an annual report on global trafficking incidents found an increase in the number of times where nuclear or radiological materials—the raw materials for nuclear and radiological terrorism—were lost, stolen or out of regulatory control between 2013 (155 incidents) and 2014 (170 incidents). The database and companion report were produced by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) with support from NTI.
+
+Few incidents involved material that was directly weapons-usable, but th"
+0,"The 65th Annual Regular Session of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) General Conference, #IAEAGC, will convene from 20 to 24 September 2021 at the Vienna International Centre (VIC) in Vienna, Austria.
+
+High-ranking officials and representatives from IAEA Member States will consider and make decisions on a range of issues pertaining to the work and the budget of the Agency.
+
+Given the current Austrian health and safety measures in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the General Conference and the rel"
+0,"Four years after being forcibly displaced by the Myanmar military, 900,000 Rohingya refugees remain in Bangladesh, with no solution in sight. The February coup d’etat in Myanmar has made the prospect of safe, voluntary return to Rakhine State untenable. Meanwhile, in Cox’s Bazar, where the Rohingya live in temporary settlements spread across 34 camps, conditions have deteriorated with each passing year.
+
+Extreme weather, multiple fires, and a rise in crime have left the Rohingya refugees on edge. According "
+0,"Advanced supercomputing
+
+The National Labs operate some of the most significant high performance computing resources available, including 32 of the 500 fastest supercomputers in the world. These systems, working at quadrillions of operations per second, model and simulate complex, dynamic systems – such as the nuclear deterrent – that would be too expensive, impractical or impossible to physically demonstrate. Supercomputers are changing the way scientists explore the evolution of our universe, climate chan"
+0,"Building Security Through Sustainable Development
+
+This event helps mark the publication of "" Sustainable States: Environment, Governance, and the Future of the Middle East,"" published by the CSIS Middle East Program.
+
+Environmentally sustainable approaches to the provision of power, water, and sanitation do more than merely build more reliable services. As the trust gap between populations and their governments widens and the climate crisis in the Middle East worsens, sustainable public utilities could als"
+0,"There are many disruptive forces at play in climate action, ranging from technology shifts, economic transformations, political upheaval and societal reconfiguration. How will climate policymakers react and adapt to this? What is needed from multilateral institutions in the areas of economic governance, social justice, sustainable consumption and production, and managed energy transitions?
+
+The Stanley Center gathered civil society and policy experts from social justice campaigns and the international clima"
+0,"Though the project quickly folded, the DPRK demonstrated a surprising openness to new tourism ideas"
+0,"Entrepreneurship is the engine of long-term economic growth and dynamism. For the United States in particular, foreign-born entrepreneurs have made up an extraordinary share of our most successful companies and technological achievements. To encourage the vitally important flow of immigrant entrepreneurs, and to accommodate the growing need for an entrepreneur-specific pathway into the country, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) adopted the International Entrepreneur Rule (IER) in early 2017.
+
+The ru"
+0,"The Roots of Russian Conduct and Occasional Essays on Contemporary Russian Issues are two series of essays by Robert E. Berls, Jr., Senior Advisor on Russia and Eurasia at the Nuclear Threat Initiative. Written for those interested in international relations and Russia specifically, the essays offer insights and information about a country that for many remains, as Winston Churchill famously said, “a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma.”
+
+The first series, The Roots of Russian Conduct, explores t"
+0,"Ontario Power Generation (OPG) has today announced plans to pave the way for the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs) by advancing engineering and design work with three developers of grid-scale SMRs: GE Hitachi (GEH), Terrestrial Energy and X-energy. At the same time, GEH has entered into MoUs with five Canadian companies to set up a supply chain for its SMR.
+
+X-energy's Xe-100 design (Image: X-energy)
+
+""OPG is leveraging more than 50 years of nuclear experience to support the development of carbon-"
+0,"This workshop, our second on the topic, will assess the potential of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to improve trust, transparency, efficiency, and security in the management of nuclear safeguards information from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
+
+The IAEA applies activities and technical measures referred to as “safeguards” to verify that states live up to their international obligations not to develop nuclear weapons. The IAEA, serving as a central authority, collects and verifies the c"
+0,"On 12 February 2021, the Radiation and Health Physics Unit, University of the Witwatersrand and the Verification Research, Training and Information Centre (VERTIC) hosted an online African regional workshop to continue to discuss the establishment of an African Nuclear Disarmament Verification innovation hub.
+
+The establishment of such a hub in Africa would provide a centre for seasoned scientists and technical experts as well as a new generation of experts to co-operate and play an important role in intern"
+0,"The Issue
+
+International missile defense cooperation has become increasingly important in order to contend with the proliferation of more advanced air and missile threats.
+Cooperation includes the sale of missile defense elements to allies and partners, cooperative development, hosting agreements, information sharing, and combined training.
+Numerous cooperative relationships in missile defense are strong but could be further improved by developing lower-cost systems, streamlining the sales process, incentiv"
+0,"Jabar Ibn Hayan Laboratories (JHL) is a multipurpose research complex that conducts research on most aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle, including conversion, enrichment, purification, and reprocessing. [1] Iran conducted many experiments with undeclared nuclear materials at JHL, including at least 113 experiments involving UF4 (uranium tetra fluoride) that Tehran had imported from China in 1991. [2] The purpose of these activities was to produce uranium metal and gain know-how in nuclear material production"
+0,"The Bharat Electronics Limited was established by India's Ministry of Defense in 1954. The company designs and manufactures ""state-of-the art electronic equipment/components"" for India's defense services, paramilitary organizations, and other government agencies such as the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, Police Wireless, Meteorological Department, and the Airport Authority of India. In addition, BEL supplies electronic components to companies in the private sector. BEL has nine manuf"
+0,"A group of international experts from the World Association of Nuclear Power Plant Operators (WANO), led by Maxim Dyrovaty, Peer Review Team Leader from the WANO Moscow Centre, conducted an operational peer review at Russia’s Novovoronezh nuclear plant from 13 to 27 August.
+
+The work of the plant personnel was monitored by 12 WANO experts, at all operating power units of the plant and general plant systems. For two weeks, the experts reviewed the production activities of the Novovoronezh NPP in 12 functiona"
+0,"China is to supply Argentina with two nuclear power reactors - one a Candu pressurised heavy water reactor (PHWR), the other a Hualong One pressurised water reactor (PWR). The contract was among 19 agreements signed yesterday in Beijing during a meeting of Chinese president Xi Jinping and Argentinean president Mauricio Macri.
+
+In November 2015, Argentina signed deals with China for the construction of its fourth and fifth nuclear power plants: a third Candu PHWR at the Atucha site and a PWR at an unspecifie"
+0,"Spain has seven nuclear reactors generating about a fifth of its electricity.
+Its first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in 1968.
+A new uranium mining project is commencing.
+Government commitment to the future of nuclear energy in Spain has been uncertain, but has firmed up as the cost of subsidising renewables becomes unaffordable.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 274 TWh
+
+Generation mix: natural gas 58.0 TWh (21%); nuclear 55.8 TWh (20%); wind 50.9 TWh (19%); coal 38.7 TWh "
+0,"More than 150 years ago, inventors began working on a bright idea that would have a dramatic impact on how we use energy in our homes and offices. This invention changed the way we design buildings, increased the length of the average workday and jumpstarted new businesses. It also led to new energy breakthroughs -- from power plants and electric transmission lines to home appliances and electric motors.
+
+Like all great inventions, the light bulb can’t be credited to one inventor. It was a series of small i"
+0,"Verification and Monitoring Programme Director Larry Macfaul provided insights on lessons to be learnt from the field of nuclear safeguards and disarmament verification at the event organised jointly by the Secure World Foundation and UNIDIR on November 10.
+
+The panel discussion was hosted by UNIDIR’s Dr. John Borrie, and experts provided insights on how verification mechanisms in CBRN have been shaped over time, and how the space sector could be helped by these.
+
+This panel was preceded by a discussion bet"
+0,"In recent months, Kim Jong Un has focused significant attention on the cement industry; he specifically highlighted it in his speech to the Eighth Party Congress in January and set a cement production goal of eight million tons in the recently announced five-year economic plan. [1] Nonetheless, as of now, the industry is not likely to become a cornerstone of the North Korean economy. The current border closure and lack of hard currency make it difficult for the country to import key materials for expanding "
+0,"Tests that simulate the temperatures and pressures which the reactor systems will be subjected to during normal operation have started at the demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) at Shidaowan, in China's Shandong province. The twin-unit HTR-PM is scheduled to start operations later this year.
+
+The control room of the HTR-PM at Shidaowan (Image: China Huaneng)
+
+Cold functional tests - which aim to verify the reactor's primary loop system and equipment as well as the strength and t"
+0,"WorldECR
+October 2019
+
+On 30 August 2019, the Bureau of Industry and Security (‘BIS’) of the US Commerce Department published due diligence guidance for exports to Pakistan. [1] The guidance reviews supplemental licence requirements for the country under the Export Administration Regulations (‘EAR’), including requirements for parties that appear on Commerce’s Entity List, and recommends a number of best practices for trade with Pakistani end-users. The new guidelines are intended to mitigate recent illicit"
+0,"Candu 6 unit's capacity has increased by 6%, says operator
+
+The Embalse nuclear power plant in Argentina has returned to commercial operation following the completion of a life extension project that will see it operate for a second 30-year cycle.
+
+Plant owner and operator Nucleoeléctrica Argentina said the Candu 6 pressurised heavy-water reactor, which was restarted earlier this year, began operating commercially on 30 May.
+
+The company said the plant, which has been undergoing tests since its initial rest"
+0,"Consideration of small modular reactors (SMRs) for the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico is advancing to the second stage. Having concluded such a deployment was feasible, the Nuclear Alternative Project (NAP) is now looking at siting requirements.
+
+Speaking at World Nuclear Association's Annual Symposium yesterday, Eddie Guerra of NAP said the results of a study currently underway ""will help to move the discussion how the sites will fit and how they will align with the minigrids already planned.""
+
+It follows"
+0,"Congratulations to Fred Streitz, AITO Senior Advisor, for being selected to serve on the National AI Research Resource Task Force. The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative (NAII) Act of 2020 called for the National Science Foundation (NSF), in coordination with the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), to form a National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) Task Force to develop a road map for expanding access to critical resources and educational tools that will spur AI innovation and "
+0,"As a candidate for US president, Joseph Biden wrote: “I’ll engage in principled diplomacy and keep pressing toward a denuclearized North Korea and a unified Korean Peninsula, while working to reunite Korean Americans separated from loved ones in North Korea for decades.” At his confirmation hearing, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken indicated that the Biden administration will carry out a policy review to assess what “can be effective in terms of increasing pressure on North Korea to come to the negotiat"
+0,"“CISAC faculty and researchers have an international reputation for producing new knowledge to help create a safer world,” said Sagan. “Managing the growing tensions with Russia, China, and North Korea, dealing with foreign and domestic terrorist threats, and controlling the spread of nuclear energy so it does not lead to the spread of nuclear weapons are just some of the daunting challenges which Stanford must help address,” he said.
+
+Sagan is also a distinguished educator, having won four teaching awards:"
+0,"A new report published today by the UK's Nuclear Sector Deal’s Innovation Group presents a series of recommendations for realising the opportunity of zero-carbon hydrogen from nuclear energy. Its findings follow a Nuclear Hydrogen Roundtable event, which brought together over 80 experts and industry leaders from across the hydrogen value chain.
+
+The report, Unlocking the UK’s Nuclear Hydrogen Economy to Support Net Zero, is a cross-sector action plan for consideration by the Nuclear Industry Council. It is "
+0,"The COVID-19 crisis is the greatest shock to world order since World War II. Millions have been infected and killed. The economic crash caused by the pandemic is the worst since the Great Depression, with the International Monetary Fund estimating that it will cost over $9 trillion of global wealth in the next few years. Many will be left impoverished and hungry. Fragile states will be further hollowed out, creating conditions ripe for conflict and mass displacement. Meanwhile, international institutions an"
+0,"Americans will not be allowed to travel to the country unless explicit permission granted by State Department
+
+Image: NK News (file) | A North Korean state airline plane sits on a runway, Sep. 8, 2016
+
+U.S. passport holders will continue to be prohibited from traveling to North Korea after the U.S. State Department extended a travel ban on the country, according to a department spokesperson on Wednesday.
+
+The ban was initially imposed"
+0,"Soil carbon sequestration has gained traction within the Biden administration as a way for farmers to reduce or even reverse U.S. agriculture’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To advance this technology, Congress proposed the bipartisan Growing Climate Solutions Act , which is intended to help farmers participate in voluntary markets that pay them to store carbon in the soil. Despite bold claims, the science is mixed on whether soil carbon sequestration is a viable climate solution, particularly in terms of"
+0,"Come meet the MEI staff and fellows, learn about the programming and research opportunities we offer, and enjoy some sweet Middle Eastern treats!"
+0,"Last fall, Dean Winslow, MD, saw the numbers everyone else saw: COVID-19 was killing nearly 2,000 Americans and infecting as many as 180,000 more each day. But he responded like few people could.
+
+Winslow worked with state, federal and military leaders to get himself to Washington, D.C., where he now directs the COVID-19 Testing and Diagnostics Working Group, an 82-person, $46-billion interagency effort to track the virus and help steer the U.S. — and the world — out of the pandemic.
+
+“I feel very lucky at "
+0,"The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has awarded contracts for the first phase of its Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations (DRACO) programme to demonstrate a nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) system above low Earth orbit in 2025. General Atomics will carry out reactor development work, while Blue Origin and Lockheed Martin will develop spacecraft concept designs.
+
+DARPA says rapid manoeuvre - a core tenet of modern US Department of Defense operations on land, at sea and in t"
+0,"A 38 North Interview of Park Cheol with Mike Chinoy
+
+“Currently there is not much economic cooperation aside from the Kaesong Industrial Complex, but once inter-Korean relations are normalized and recovered, we expect economic cooperation between our countries to increase at least to the level of North Korea and China.” ~ Park Cheol
+
+In this 38 North video, Mike Chinoy, Senior Fellow at the US-China Institute at USC sat down with Mr. Park Cheol, Director, General Policy Division, Unification Policy Office, "
+1,"This is a guest post by my colleague Jamie Withorne. Jamie is a Research Assistant at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Her work focuses on emerging technology, North Korea sanctions evasion, and North Korea’s nuclear fuel cycle.
+
+This is Part Two of a three-part series on North Korea’s uranium conversion program. For Part One, see here.
+
+Part Two: North Korea’s Uranium Conversion During the Six-Party Talks and Beyond (2003-November 2010):
+
+During the 2003-2010 timeframe, North Korea res"
+0,"Reactors clearly a workable way of producing clean energy, says senator
+
+Nationals Party senators have called for Australia’s ban on nuclear power to be lifted so the technology can be explored as a clean energy source as the federal government faces increased pressure to set a deadline for net-zero emissions, according to a report in the Sydney Morning Herald."
+0,"’s Shultz biography project is the first comprehensive biography of George Shultz, who served as Ronald Reagan’s secretary of state and held three Cabinet posts during the Nixon administration. The biography will span Shultz’s life from childhood to his academic career as a labor economist, his government service, leadership role at Bechtel and his post-government activities. The project will tell the story of how Shultz became a molder of history, a key contributor to the thaw in U.S.-Soviet relations and "
+0,"Defector-activist Park Sang-hak has long stirred controversy, but political winds may no longer be blowing in his favor"
+0,"Cyber capabilities are evolving in ways that could put at risk countries’ nuclear command, control, and communication systems. While the consequences of a cyberattack to these nuclear weapons systems would be significant, there is a lack of matured risk assessment. Moreover, the public conversation lacks a sufficient framework for understanding how cyber capabilities could threaten those systems.
+
+The paper argues that the digitalization of nuclear weapons systems, while providing several benefits, also cre"
+0,"Register
+
+Please join us for a conversation with Susan Eisenhower to discuss her recent book, How Ike Led: The Principles Behind Eisenhower’s Biggest Decisions.
+
+This book is a retrospective of Dwight D. Eisenhower’s wartime and presidential leadership. Few people have made decisions as momentous as Eisenhower – from D-Day to Little Rock, from the Korean War to Cold War crises, from the Red Scare to the Missile Gap controversies. How Ike Led is part leadership book, part history, and part memoir, with new i"
+0,"Note: As of February 2008, this page will no longer be updated.
+
+Overview
+
+Opened for Signature
+Entered into Force: 15 September 1976
+Number of Parties: 43 States — Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, DPRK?, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Mo"
+0,"What does the evolution of strategic transfers from China, and China’s illicit procurement of U.S. technology, tell us about the export control policies of Chinese state-run firms?
+
+In the latest issue of the Strategic Trade Review, the Wisconsin Project argues that although private firms, front companies, and brokers have increasingly taken a more prominent role, state-run firms remain involved. They are the primary beneficiaries of dual-use technology illicitly exported from the United States and the Chin"
+0,"Leaders of the G7 countries have committed [1] to “an overwhelmingly decarbonised power system in the 2030s and to actions to accelerate this.” To achieve this, they have pledged to accelerate deployment of ‘zero emissions energy’, which includes nuclear energy.
+
+While full decarbonization means phasing out all unabated fossil fuel generation, the G7 declaration made specific commitments to end investment in coal power generation, which it described as the single biggest cause of greenhouse gas emissions.
+
+"
+1,"On March 1, 2021, the IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi stated in his introductory statement to the Board of Governors that, since his last report to the Board on September 3, 2020, “some nuclear facilities in the DPRK continued to operate while others remained shut down.” Regarding North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Center, he went on to state there were “recent indications of operation of the steam plant” that serves the Radiochemical Laboratory. Recent commercial satellite imagery indicates the coa"
+0,"Science and industry use radioisotopes in a variety of ways to improve productivity and, in some cases, to gain information that cannot be obtained in any other way.
+Sealed radioactive sources are used in industrial radiography, gauging applications, and mineral analysis.
+
+The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to their multiple applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology).
+
+Industrial tracers
+
+"
+0,"The year 2020 was challenging for most public institutions in India. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the lower house of parliament functioned only for thirty-four days in the 2020–2021 fiscal year, the fewest days Indian lawmakers have gathered in a single year in the country’s history. Central, state, and local government officials were preoccupied with responding to the grave public health crisis, which has officially claimed the lives of more than 400,000 Indians as of August 2021 and perhaps many more."
+0,"The Stanley Center will host a policy salon dinner to discuss how sustainable consumption and production can help put the world on a pathway to 1.5° C. Policy exists at local and regional levels, but work must be done to develop international policy in this area. Discussions will cover the following questions:
+
+What tools and policies are available to incentivize sustainable consumption and production?
+When approaching sustainable consumption and production at a global scale, what are the desired outcomes a"
+0,"Over 180 commercial, experimental or prototype reactors, over 500 research reactors, and several fuel cycle facilities have been retired from operation. Some of these have been fully dismantled.
+Most parts of a nuclear power plant do not become radioactive, or are contaminated at only very low levels. Most of the metal can be recycled.
+Proven techniques and equipment are available to dismantle nuclear facilities safely and these have now been well demonstrated in several parts of the world.
+Decommissioning "
+0,"For as long as we have nuclear weapons, the United States must ensure they are safe, secure, and reliable. A drive to modernize the U.S. nuclear arsenal is underway, including upgrades to weapons, delivery systems, and the command-and-control infrastructure that allows communication throughout the chain of command and with decision-makers."
+0,"CSIS Briefs
+
+The Issue
+
+As the first in a two-part series that explores the future of battle networks in the U.S. military—what has become known as Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2)—this paper examines the importance of battle networks to modern military operations and presents a framework of five functional elements that make up a battle network. This framework provides a common basis for conceptualizing and comparing existing systems and proposed new capabilities in terms of how they contribute"
+0,"Overview
+
+Resources
+
+History
+
+The convention was adopted on 17 June 1994 by a Diplomatic Conference convened by the IAEA from 14-17 June in document INFCIRC/449 after having been negotiated during a series of expert meetings from 1992 to 1994.
+
+Convention Obligations
+
+Contracting parties are to take, within the framework of national laws, the legislative, regulatory, and administrative measures and other steps necessary for implementing obligations under the convention. They are to take steps to ensure that"
+0,"Introduction
+
+Since the first Federal Safety Standards for cars became effective on January 1, 1968, motor vehicle regulations have been designed with drivers as an assumed constant. However, much has changed in the intervening 53 years, and the United States’ regulatory framework has not been able to keep pace with the rapid technological development of autonomous vehicles (AVs).
+
+Level 4 and 5 AVs, which do not require drivers and may be specialized for tasks that do not involve passengers, no longer fit "
+0,"Japanese, and most other, nuclear plants are designed to withstand earthquakes, and in the event of major earth movement, to shut down safely.
+In 1995, the closest nuclear power plants, some 110 km north of Kobe, were unaffected by the severe Kobe-Osaka earthquake, but in 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011 Japanese reactors shut down automatically due to ground acceleration exceeding their trip settings.
+In 1999, three nuclear reactors shut down automatically during the devastating Taiwan earthquake, and were "
+0,"To mark the 35th anniversary of the Chornobyl nuclear accident, we are publishing a documentary from the IAEA's archives: the International Chernobyl Project (1991).
+
+The film may look dated now but it tells an important story – of international collaboration and support following the accident.
+
+The film covers a project launched in 1990 at the request of the Government of the Soviet Union to assess the environmental and health situation in the areas impacted by the accident, and to evaluate the measures ta"
+0,"VERTIC’s National Implementation Measures (NIM) Programme is pleased to announce the publication of updated versions of its Fact Sheets on the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and National Authority for the Biological Weapons Convention. The Fact Sheets are available in Arabic, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
+
+VERTIC’s Fact Sheets are intended to raise States’ awareness of the importance of establishing national implementation measures for the major CBRN"
+0,"The Department of Defense is asking Congress to expand its authority to recall retired members of the military to active duty in the event of a war or national emergency.
+
+The DoD proposal predates the turmoil that followed the killing of George Floyd by a police officer in Minneapolis last week and the activation of National Guard units in numerous states.
+
+Current law (10 USC 688a) permits the military to recall no more than 1,000 retirees in order “to alleviate a high-demand, low-density military capabil"
+0,"Far from supporting the regime, tourism promotes understanding between peoples that view themselves as enemies"
+0,"This workshop will provide an initial platform for dialogue and potential collaboration across the region to discuss challenges and opportunities in keeping the region’s energy systems aligned with current development needs and future economic goals.
+
+The overall objectives of strengthening dialogue and collaboration in Southeast Asia are:
+
+Dialogue and collaboration will set forth regulatory, energy policy, and market changes to pursue in the region.
+These changes can be supported by multinational corporat"
+0,"The Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) is located near Surat in the state of Gujarat. KAPS currently operates two PHWRs, the first of which (Unit-1) began commercial operations on 6 May 1993. Unit-2 followed two years later in September 1995. The facilities fall under the direction of the Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Limited (NPCIL), which operates a total of 14 reactors. Although Unit-1 was temporarily shut down for 66 days in 1998 due to a leak in its stator water systems, on January 2003, it was"
+0,"Please join the Center for Strategic and International Studies for a Smart Women, Smart Power conversation with Her Excellency Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE Minister of State for Advanced Technology and Chairwoman of the UAE Space Agency. She will discuss her historic work leading the Hope spacecraft mission to orbit Mars, which took place during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as international space cooperation, and her role as a leader for women working in science. This program is being held in conju"
+0,"With the release of the U.S. Department of State’s Democratic Transition Framework for Venezuela earlier this week, the international pressure on the Maduro regime to step down increased. In an eventual negotiating process that may follow, it would be crucial for all parties involved to include women—front and center—to ensure sustainability of the agreement and social and economic equality.
+
+For several years, women in Venezuela have been viewed as victims of the humanitarian crisis. Politically, the Madur"
+0,"INTRODUCTION
+
+In April 1991, U.S. intelligence revealed that China was selling Pakistan a nuclear-capable missile and selling Algeria a reactor that could make nuclear weapon material.
+
+These revelations come at a time when Sino-American trade relations are at a crossroads. By June 3, 1991, President Bush must decide whether to renew China’s “most-favored nation” trading status, a benefit worth billions of dollars to Chinese exporters. Revoking the status would increase American tariffs as much as tenfold o"
+0,"The Issue
+
+As the internet has grown to be an integral part of society, so too have the needs of citizens, companies, and governments to consider how and where data is stored and who has access to it.
+Whether for data sovereignty, national security and intelligence gathering, commercial, or privacy reasons, governments are increasingly seeking to maintain “digital sovereignty” and control through protectionist data localization mandates.
+National security justifications for these mandates are often thinly v"
+0,"On , the CSIS Global Health Policy Center will host a virtual event to discuss lessons from PEPFAR’s DREAMS partnership and policy options to elevate global attention to the health and development of adolescent girls and young women. The discussion will be based on the findings of our major new report, “Five Years of DREAMS and What Lies Ahead: How to Address the Intersecting Crises of HIV, Gender Inequality, and Health Security.” DREAMS has been successful in reaching millions of adolescent girls and young"
+0,"Gordon Moore, a former co-founder of both Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel, famously predicted in 1965 that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit could be doubled every 18 months to two years, thereby increasing computational power of the device exponentially. At the same time, the relative cost of that computing power could be halved. Moore’s Law turned out to be amazingly accurate. The implications were astounding. Those products and markets affected by this exponential increase in computati"
+0,"Key Highlights
+
+The announcement of the Russian COVID-19 vaccine, also referred to as Sputnik V, has received marginal reception in the United States. Within U.S. domestic social media conversation, Sputnik V is generally perceived as unreliable. These concerns could potentially add to preexisting skepticism towards vaccine efforts in the U.S. more generally.
+In contrast to low interest in the U.S. social media ecosystem, international social media conversation includes high volumes of Sputnik V content, pa"
+0,"Download the Case Study
+
+In December 2020, authorities in Sidi Bouzid planned a ceremony to commemorate the 10-year anniversary of Mohammed Bouazizi’s self-immolation. The fruit vendor’s protest against harassment from local officials had ignited nationwide protests which swept Tunisia’s aging dictator from power and catalyzed protests from Morocco to Bahrain. A decade later, Tunisia’s democratic revolution is considered the only success story of the Arab Spring.
+
+But when crowds marched through the streets"
+0,The World Association of Nuclear Operators has completed pre-start peer reviews in Russia of Atomflot’s new generation Arktika and Sibir icebreakers.
+0,"Pakistan has 2332 MWe operating nuclear capacity and 1100 MWe under construction, with Chinese help.
+Pakistan's nuclear weapons capabilities have arisen independently of its civil nuclear fuel cycle, using indigenous uranium.
+Because Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, due to its weapons programme, it is largely excluded from trade in nuclear plant or materials, which hinders its development of civil nuclear energy. However, China is positive about nuclear cooperation with Pakistan, an"
+0,"China North Industries (NORINCO) is the main import-export company for China’s largest arms manufacturer, China North Industries Group Corporation [CNGC/NORINCO(G)], as well as China South Industries Group Corporation (CSG). NORINCO(G) and CSG both own 50 percent of the NORINCO’s shares. [2] A vast conglomerate, NORINCO’s defense products include precision strike systems, amphibious assault weapons and equipment, anti-aircraft & anti-missile systems, information and night vision products, anti-terrorism & a"
+0,"1969-70: North Korea obtains FROG-5 and FROG-7A missiles from the Soviet Union.
+
+1976: Egypt sends Soviet Scud-B missiles to North Korea.
+
+1980: The Korean Committee for Space Technology is established.
+
+1984: North Korea successfully tests its first reverse-engineered Scud-B missile.
+
+1984: An Iranian businessman, Babeck Seroush, and a Soviet citizen, Yuri Geifman, are indicted in New York for conspiring to smuggle U.S. missile guidance components to North Korea.
+
+1985: Iran agrees to finance the developme"
+0,"The simultaneous condemnation of Chinese cyber attacks by the Five Eyes allies (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the United States) plus the EU, NATO, and Japan was an unprecedented moment of unity in calling out unacceptable behavior in cyberspace. Nevertheless, Beijing fell back on its standard response to public attribution of state-sponsored cyber attacks, dismissing the criticism as “groundless accusations out of thin air” while accusing the United States of even worse behavior.
+
+To generate"
+0,"Climate-related changes have already affected operating conditions for different types of energy systems, in particular power plants. With more than three decades of data on changing climate, we are now in a position to empirically assess the impact of climate change on power plant operations. Such empirical assessments can provide an additional measure of the resilience of power plants going forward. Here I analyse climate-linked outages in nuclear power plants over the past three decades. My assessment sh"
+0,"Improved designs of nuclear power reactors are constantly being developed internationally.
+The first so-called Generation III advanced reactors have been operating in Japan since 1996. These have now evolved further.
+Newer advanced reactors now being built have simpler designs which are intended to reduce capital cost. They are more fuel efficient and are inherently safer.
+Many new designs are small – up to 300 MWe. These are described in a separate information paper.*
+
+* For smaller advanced reactors see t"
+0,"The Stanley Center for Peace and Security and La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES), co-organizers of the Latin American and Caribbean Forum of Civil Society for the Prevention of Mass Atrocities, convene the Sixth Workshop of Regional Responses to the Crises in Latin America and the Caribbean, May 28-29, 2020.
+
+Through this initiative, academics and representatives of civil society organizations are brought together to develop analysis and recommendations that promote br"
+0,"To promote intelligence accountability in new democracies and elsewhere, a new publication addresses the principles of intelligence oversight and presents draft legal provisions to govern intelligence. The document is being published in seven languages from Albanian to Ukrainian.
+
+See “Making Intelligence Accountable: Legal Standards and Best Practice for Oversight of Intelligence Agencies” by Hans Born and Ian Leigh, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF)."
+0,"Emerging technologies enabled by digitization—notably additive manufacturing—are alluring for the nuclear industry as it works to lower financial costs and remedy quality-control concerns with aged production lines. While cyberphysical manufacturing technology could increase the efficiency and visibility of supply-chain operations, the steady trend toward digitization and interconnection could result in unacceptable cyber risks, ranging from the loss of sensitive proprietary information to the spread of com"
+0,"World Nuclear Association has today published a new White Paper – Recalibrating Risk: Putting nuclear risk in context and perspective - calling upon policymakers and regulators to adopt a science-based, all-hazards risk assessment and management system that holistically evaluates the contributions of different energy sources and sets a level playing field.
+
+Speaking at the launch of the White Paper, Dr Sama Bilbao y León, Director General, World Nuclear Association, said,
+
+“ Nuclear technologies can contrib"
+0,"The origins of the Combat Vehicles R&D Establishment (CVRDE) can be traced to the Chief Inspectorate of Mechanical Transport Establishment, which was set up in Chaklala (now in Pakistan) in 1929 and the Technical Development Establishment (Vehicles) set up at Ahmednagar in 1947. The Technical Development Establishment was later transformed into the Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (VRDE), with its base in Ahmednagar (Maharashtra). In 1965, India decided to set up the Heavy Vehicles Factory at A"
+0,"The Biden administration has already made a big bet on offshore wind, elevating the technology among the suite of options that deserve strategic attention. This support recognizes its potential to lower greenhouse gas emissions, create good jobs, and drive investment in associated infrastructure, especially along the Eastern seaboard of the United States. Such a correction was long overdue: at year-end 2020, the United States accounted for just 0.1 percent of the world’s installed capacity for offshore wind"
+0,"President Volodymyr Zelensky visits Washington next week, with the highlight being a White House call on President Joe Biden. That offers the opportunity to reinvigorate the U.S.-Ukraine relationship at the highest level, following four years of Donald Trump.
+
+This can be a very good meeting for the Ukrainian president. He should, however, take care in what he seeks. If he wants to return home with a clear success and having boosted U.S.-Ukraine relations, he should not ask for things he knows—or should kno"
+0,"The European Commission today announced its decision to include nuclear energy in a complementary Delegated Act of the EU Taxonomy Regulation. The decision follows the recent publication of the Joint Research Centre's report confirming nuclear is as sustainable as other taxonomy-compliant energy technologies.
+
+The European Commission building in Brussels (Image: Pixabay)
+
+""In line with the legal framework and our past commitments, the Commission will adopt a complementary Delegated Act of the EU Taxonomy Re"
+0,"Great power competition means U.S. adversaries are deploying capabilities across continents and in every domain to challenge the United States and its interests. Correspondingly, U.S. intelligence agencies are under pressure to deliver timely and accurate warning against an increasingly wide range of disruptive adversarial activities occurring across the competition continuum.
+
+Unfortunately, collection assets capable of conducting long-term, persistent threat monitoring are often overcommitted. Despite U.S"
+0,"On 7 – 8 August 2019, VERTIC co-hosted with the Nonproliferation for Global Security Foundation (NPSGlobal), a meeting to explore the role of Argentina and Brazil, and particularly, the potential role of Argentinian and Brazilian scientists and technical experts in the development and strengthening of nuclear disarmament verification measures.
+
+The consultative meeting took place in the context of VERTIC’s three-year project in support of measures for the achievement and maintenance of a world without nucle"
+0,"On February 9 VERTIC and the NPS Global Foundation hosted the second online workshop of a series of four within the Project Building Capacity on Multilateral Verification of Nuclear Disarmament.
+
+Such a project focuses on harnessing, developing, supporting and sustaining expertise and capacity on nuclear disarmament verification (NDV) in regions around the world. The second online meeting focused inter alia on assurance and irreversibility in nuclear disarmament verification, current NDV initiatives and fut"
+0,"The Minerals Council of Australia has written to the European commission climate policy debate, urging it to back nuclear power on a list of environmentally friendly developments."
+0,"On February 4, President Biden issued a memorandum to agency heads on “advancing the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex persons around the world.”
+
+He directed that “it shall be the policy of the United States to pursue an end to violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics.”
+
+Somewhat surprisingly, the memorandum was designated National Security Memorandum/NSM-4 and was published as such in the Fe"
+0,"A new report from the Congressional Research Service presents a skeptical overview of the development of kinetic energy interceptors — anti-missile missiles — for defense against incoming ballistic missiles.
+
+“The data on the U.S. flight test effort to develop a national missile defense (NMD) system are mixed and ambiguous. There is no recognizable pattern to explain this record nor is there conclusive evidence of a learning curve over more than two decades of developmental testing.”
+
+A copy of the new CRS "
+0,"The European Space Agency (ESA) has awarded a contract to Belgian company Tractebel to evaluate the possibility of producing plutonium-238 (Pu-238) for use in space exploration. Separately, US company X-energy, working as part of a General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems (GA-EMS) team, is to develop key fuel fabrication processes in support of a first-of-a-kind rocket powered by nuclear thermal propulsion under a contract awarded by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
+
+Radioisotope pow"
+0,"Proposed nuclear station would be world’s largest, says French company
+
+French state-controlled power group EDF has made a binding offer to build six Generation III EPR nuclear power reactors at the Jaitapur site in the Maharashtra region of western India, the company said on Friday."
+0,"An updated education module based on the 2016 Nuclear Security Summit is now available. The module provides a two-session curriculum on nuclear materials security for undergraduate or graduate courses in international relations, security studies, diplomacy, counter-terrorism, or nuclear sciences. It includes a “Model Summit” experience for students with lesson plans, talking points and a PowerPoint briefing for professors.
+
+The module includes an introduction to nuclear materials security that would be cove"
+0,"Promptly organized military parade appears ready for kick-off in Pyongyang
+
+| Colin Zwirko"
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+For decades, illicit trade in nuclear materials, equipment, and technologies has undermined global nuclear non-proliferation efforts. Sophisticated actors establish front companies, forge documents, and launder money to obscure proliferation activities, and are too often able to evade detection—even as they operate within legal systems of trade, finance, transportation, and communication.
+
+They do leave footprints, however, and now, with an increase in the volume and variety of publicly a"
+0,"Nuclear power is the only large-scale energy-producing technology that takes full responsibility for all its waste and fully costs this into the product.
+The amount of waste generated by nuclear power is very small relative to other thermal electricity generation technologies.
+Used nuclear fuel may be treated as a resource or simply as waste.
+Nuclear waste is neither particularly hazardous nor hard to manage relative to other toxic industrial waste.
+Safe methods for the final disposal of high-level radioact"
+0,Talks in Vienna aimed at allowing the United States and Iran to return to compliance with the 2015 Iran nuclear deal ended on May 19 having made further progress but still falling short of a final agreement on what that return would look like. Differences remain over U.S. sanctions relief and the required nuclear steps by Iran. Some officials involved in talks suggested that an agreement could be reached relatively soon —perhaps as early as next week when the parties reconvene in Vienna. But predictions of 
+0,"Share
+
+A contract has been signed between SSE Chernobyl NPP and construction company Ukrbudmontazh (UBM) for the creation of infrastructure for the early dismantling of the Shelter Object. This structure, widely known as the 'sarcophagus', was hastily constructed over the remains of the destroyed reactor of unit 4 in the weeks after the 1986 accident.
+
+The interior of the NSC (Image: ChNPP)
+
+The contract - worth more than UAH2 billion (USD78 million) - was signed on 29 July after UBM won a tender in March t"
+0,"A shift away from coal and toward clean energy sources to power the developing countries of Southeast Asia is essential to slowing climate change.
+
+Ten journalists in five Southeast Asian countries set out to answer to this question as part of a multi-country media analysis commissioned by the Stanley Center and produced by Climate Tracker. After many months researching energy-related reporting in their countries, focusing on coal and clean energy media narratives dating back to January 2019, their findings"
+0,"Critics say gas plants are needed to replace reactors which, in turn, will increase CO2-emissions
+
+The European commission has approved a capacity remuneration mechanism (CRM) in Belgium after concluding the measure does not distort competition in the single market – and despite criticism that it could lead to the construction of additional gas-fired capacity to compensate for a planned nuclear phaseout and make Belgium “one of the most polluting energy producers in Europe”.
+
+The commission said the CRM wil"
+0,"Set up in 2010, the IAEA Water Availability Enhancement Project is an initiative aimed at helping Member States improve the long-term access to freshwater by using science-based, comprehensive assessments of national water resources.
+
+Helping countries undertake comprehensive water resource assessments
+
+IWAVE’s primary goal is to strengthen national capacities for collecting, managing and interpreting water resource data and to use advanced techniques to improve resource management. The initiative, which is"
+0,"Inspector O was sitting in the lobby, eyes closed, a frown deeply etched into his brow. I made every effort to walk up silently beside him. This has never worked. Without turning his head or opening his eyes, he said as if addressing a force beyond the ceiling, “I’ve been thinking.”
+
+A klaxon sounded in my brain. When O starts a conversation with those three words, it means he has something up his sleeve.
+
+“Thinking is fine,” I said, seating myself in the fake leather chair beside him. Piped-in music was co"
+0,"The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) is seeking an organized and outgoing professional, with a positive “can do” attitude, to join our team as an Office Assistant/Receptionist.
+
+NTI is a non-profit whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.
+
+This position requires reporting to our DC office each day to assist with office management. It is a nonexempt position, working 8 hours per day (excluding lunch) from Monday through "
+0,"Several weeks ago I warned you there would be a lot of climate columns this fall, and this is one of them. The Scholl Chair has begun a number of projects that look at the intersection of climate and trade policy, some of them simply an effort to get the environmentalists and the trade experts to speak the same language and communicate with each other. I’ll have a report on how that is going later on.
+
+This week’s comment is on a project that I thought would be fairly simple, which asked two questions: What"
+0,"One does not need to be a rocket scientist to understand the profound way that rockets, missiles, and other strategic weapons have shaped international security. Yet, the influence of these weapon systems on deterrence, assurance, and stability continues to evolve and grow more complex. For international security professionals, journalists, and the interested public, tracking this changing landscape can be a challenge. To help navigate the wide world of missilery, the CSIS Missile Defense Project recently r"
+0,"Non-communicable diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders kill millions of people each year, with numbers increasing particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The IAEA has established the Human Health Programme to support Member States in using nuclear techniques to prevent, diagnose and treat such diseases.
+
+From prevention to diagnosis and therapy
+
+The Human Health Programme provides a holistic approach to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of non-communicable diseases, covering f"
+0,"Covid-19 travel restrictions brought human mobility to a grinding halt and left millions of people stranded globally. While the focus must remain on the acute health crisis and equitable vaccine distribution, the unprecedented level of immobility offers an opportunity to rethink and reshape global migration systems increasingly overfocused on securitized responses.
+
+Doing so could be the difference between economic rebound and stagnation. Not doing so could have grave strategic security consequences.
+
+The p"
+0,"The Stanley Center is hosting a workshop and dinner with select stakeholders to foster dialogue on the implications of additive manufacturing technology for nuclear proliferation. The exchange will bring together international participants with experience in the research, development, and governance of additive manufacturing technology and related policy measures. The endeavor aims to forecast the trajectories of additive manufacturing technology, identify specific near- to medium-term implications for nucl"
+0,"For almost a decade, sanctions have been the principal coercive instrument available to the United States and the international community in trying to deal with North Korea’s nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missile programs. As bilateral and multilateral negotiating tracks with the DPRK have withered, sanctions that were initially crafted to slow North Korean proliferation programs and steer Pyongyang toward a negotiated reversal of those programs now seem untethered from overall policy.
+
+Given the"
+0,"On May 17, more than 6,000 people swam, floated or scaled a pair of 32-foot-high border fences to cross from Morocco into neighboring Ceuta, an eight-square-mile Spanish-owned city on Africa's northern coast. Critically for those seeking to enter, Ceuta is inside European Union territory. According to Spanish authorities, it was the largest single-day influx of unregulated migrants in the country's history. At least 2,000 more followed the next day.
+
+This wasn't an accident. Apparently, Morocco engineered t"
+0,"Preface
+
+China Local/Global
+
+China has become a global power, but there is too little debate about how this has happened and what it means. Many argue that China exports its developmental model and imposes it on other countries. But Chinese players also extend their influence by working through local actors and institutions while adapting and assimilating local and traditional forms, norms, and practices.
+
+With a generous multiyear grant from the Ford Foundation, Carnegie has launched an innovative body of "
+0,"The Kaiga Atomic Power Station is located in the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. The plant services India's southern grid and provides power to five states (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Pondicherry). The power station currently operates two PHWRs, the second of which (Unit-2) began commercial operations on 16 March 2000. Unit-1, which was originally delayed by a construction mishap in 1994, became operational on 16 November 2000. The facilities fall under the direction of the Nuc"
+0,"Agreement initially signed in 2016, but little progress made
+
+The Bolivian government wants to revive plans to build a nuclear research and technology centre in cooperation with Russia’s state nuclear corporation Rosatom, president Luis Arce said."
+0,"More governments must introduce policies to support the long-term operation (LTO) of nuclear power plants to maximise the environmental, employment and economic benefits they bring, the World Nuclear Association said yesterday on the publication of its new technical position paper The Enduring Value of Nuclear Energy Assets.
+
+Issued by the World Nuclear Association’s Long-term Operation Task Force, the paper calls on governments to: invest in basic education and higher-level academic institutions and traini"
+1,"Details have been agreed of support that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will give to Japan during the release of tritiated water from the Fukushima Daiichi site. IAEA's first official visit will be in September, ahead of the release of the water, which will be diluted to drinking-water quality.
+
+Rafael Mariano Grossi, the IAEA director general, met with Hiroshi Kajiyama, the Japanese Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry yesterday. Kajiyama officially invited the IAEA to make its first visi"
+0,"The Department of Justice renewed its legal defense of warrantless domestic intelligence surveillance by the National Security Agency in a 42 page white paper transmitted to Congress yesterday.
+
+The white paper essentially reiterates at greater length the previous defenses articulated by the Bush Administration: (1) the surveillance action was authorized by Congress when it passed the 2001 resolution on use of military force against al Qaeda; and (2) the President has inherent authority to conduct such surv"
+0,"Operators of nuclear power plants are liable for any damage caused by them, regardless of fault. They therefore normally take out insurance for third party liability, and in most countries they are required to do so.
+The potential cross-boundary consequences of a nuclear accident require an international nuclear liability regime, so national laws are supplemented by a number of international conventions.
+Liability is limited by both international conventions and by national legislation, so that beyond the l"
+0,")
+
+Most of the 500 commercial nuclear power reactors operating or under construction in the world today require uranium 'enriched' in the U-235 isotope for their fuel.
+The commercial process employed for this enrichment involves gaseous uranium in centrifuges. An Australian process based on laser excitation is under development.
+Prior to enrichment, uranium oxide must be converted to a fluoride so that it can be processed as a gas, at low temperature.
+From a non-proliferation standpoint, uranium enrichment "
+0,"About the Project
+
+This paper was produced through a three-year dialogue led by Carnegie and the Shanghai Institute for International Studies, with inputs and review provided by American and Chinese technical and military experts.
+
+Forewords
+
+Chen Dongxiao
+
+The impact of cyber on nuclear stability is one of the most forward-looking and strategic topics in the current international security field. The Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS) and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) h"
+0,"Reaching Critical Will is pleased to have published a new resource guide for the WILPF network about the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
+
+In 2017, history was made with the adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The successful adoption of the agreement by the majority of the world’s countries is a significant shift in the global discourse on nuclear weapons and a major challenge to arguments about the necessity of these weapons for security. WILPF staff, sections, and me"
+0,"Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) is Pakistan's key uranium enrichment facility, which utilizes gas centrifuges to produce highly enriched uranium (HEU). It is not under IAEA safeguards.
+
+In 1975, Pakistan's President Z.A. Bhutto approved the construction of a centrifuge enrichment facility in Kahuta, then named Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL). [1] The following year, Dr. Abdul Qadeer (A.Q.) Khan returned to Pakistan from studies in the Netherlands, bringing with him stolen centrifuge designs from "
+1,"The Japanese government today announced its formal decision that the treated water stored at the Fukushima Daiichi site will be discharged into the sea. Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) is expected to start discharging the mildly-radioactive water in 2023 in line with international standards and regulations.
+
+Tanks of treated water at the Fukushima Daiichi site (Image: Tepco)
+
+At the Fukushima Daiichi site, contaminated water is treated by the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS), which removes most"
+0,"()
+
+From the outset, there has been a strong awareness of the potential hazard of both nuclear criticality and release of radioactive materials from generating electricity with nuclear power.
+As in other industries, the design and operation of nuclear power plants aims to minimise the likelihood of accidents, and avoid major human consequences when they occur.
+There have been two major reactor accidents in the history of civil nuclear power – Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi. Chernobyl involved an intense fi"
+0,"Summary
+
+Even after the collapse of the self-proclaimed Islamic State, the Iraqi-Syrian border continues to be one of the most geopolitically restless areas in the Middle East. In the last few years, a variety of Kurdish entities and groups have increasingly shaped the dynamics across the northern section of this border. In particular, there are two dynamics that deserve attention. First, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the Kurdish-dominated Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria have"
+0,"The IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy (NE) will host five hybrid side events, as well as 13 espace events, during the 65th IAEA General Conference, to be held in Vienna from 20 – 24 September 2021.
+
+IAEA Net Zero Challenge: Meet the Finalists
+
+Monday, 20 September 2021, 15:00 - 16:30 CET. Conference Room C3, C Building, 7th floor. Register here to attend online.
+
+During this event the six IAEA Net Zero Challenge finalists will present their policy recommendations and the Challenge committee will then select"
+0,"We are looking for you to join our team. At the IAEA we hire the most talented people from all around the globe. However, before you apply for working with us, we would like you to answer some questions. Be honest!
+1. Do you have the will to make the world a better place?
+2. Are you passionate about the international agenda?
+3. Do you respect your peers and their work?
+If you answered “yes” to these questions, it’s time to move forward. Visit our employment page and check which vacancies may suit your profi"
+0,"Land grabbing—when a government, company, or other entity purchases large swathes of land in another country—can affect local land rights and agricultural production, sometimes putting local food security at risk. While such purchases in low- and middle-income countries have been covered extensively, they also happen here in the United States. Foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land doubled from 2009 to 2019, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) records, and policymakers have become increa"
+0,"On the World Class Podcast, nuclear security expert Rose Gottemoeller describes what it’s like to negotiate with the Russians and the path ahead for extending the New START Treaty.
+
+Signed by President Barack Obama and former Russian President Dmitri Medvedev in 2010, the New START Treaty caps the number of strategic missiles and heavy bombers that the U.S. and Russia can possess. The nuclear arms control treaty is set to expire in February 2021 unless an agreement is signed in the coming months.
+
+Rose Gott"
+0,"Abstract
+
+In the absence of a federal geologic repository or consolidated, interim storage in the United States, commercial spent fuel will remain stranded at some 75 sites across the country. Currently, these include 18 “orphaned sites” where spent fuel has been left at decommissioned reactor sites. In this context, local communities living close to decommissioned nuclear power plants are increasingly concerned about this legacy of nuclear power production and are seeking alternative strategies to move the"
+1,"Understanding North Korea’s fissile material production capacity is an important factor in assessing the North’s ability to expand its nuclear weapons program. While the plutonium production reactors are easy to identify and monitor via commercial satellite imagery, the North’s uranium enrichment activities are much more difficult to discern, with both fewer unique attributes to the facilities and visible indicators of operations.
+
+At the Eighth Congress of the Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) held in January,"
+0,"On 1 October, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), hosted a roundtable discussion to celebrate what would have been the 20 th anniversary of the International School of Nuclear Law (ISNL), an annual two-week nuclear law course usually taking place in Montpellier and which a number of former and current VERTIC staff attended.
+
+The virtual event brought together ISNL lecturers from the NEA, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), public and private sectors and academia, who discussed recent developments i"
+0,"The National Security Agency has 46 million pages of historically valuable classified records more than 25 years old that are subject to automatic declassification by the end of December 2006, according to a new NSA declassification plan.
+
+Another 4.5 million pages of 25 year old records have been categorically exempted from automatic declassification because they “contain information relating to our core capabilities and vulnerabilities.”
+
+The millions of pages that are subject to “automatic declassificati"
+0,"Molten salt reactors operated in the 1960s.
+They are seen as a promising technology today principally as a thorium fuel cycle prospect or for using spent LWR fuel.
+A variety of designs is being developed, some as fast neutron types.
+Global research is currently led by China.
+Some have solid fuel similar to HTR fuel, others have fuel dissolved in the molten salt coolant.
+
+Molten salt reactors (MSRs) use molten fluoride salts as primary coolant, at low pressure. This itself is not a radical departure when the"
+0,"On 4 March 2021, Associate Legal Officer Thomas Brown presented at a virtual Regional Workshop on Achieving the Universalisation of the Biological Weapons Convention in Africa. The workshop brought together representatives of African states that are yet to join the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and featured video messages from all three Depositary Governments of the treaty.
+
+Speakers provided an overview of the core BWC obligations and the importance of the convention in Africa. Thomas spoke alongside"
+0,"WILPF delivered the following statement to the Fifth Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty's consideration of issues related to gender and gender-based violence on 26 August 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland.
+
+The Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) welcomes the decision to focus the Fifth Conference of States Parties on gender and gender-based violence. As an organisation that has long been at the forefront of feminist advocacy for disarmament, WILPF spearheaded the “Make i"
+0,"In a new report for the Latin American Program, Stanford University scholar Harold Trinkunas explains the role of the armed forces in Venezuela’s current regime and why they have thus far resisted democratization efforts. He argues that the armed forces have benefited greatly during the current regime from greater access to power, responsibility, and revenues. Moreover, the regime’s successful politicization and ‘coup proofing’ efforts have made dissent unworkable, even deadly, for members of the military. "
+0,"Living with the Taliban involves major risks and uncertainties, and it will be more than difficult even if it proves successful. No one can dismiss the risk that the Taliban will emerge as a hardline extremist state and/or use, or at the very least, tolerate some form of terrorism. Any form of cooperation will mean accepting a substantial amount of the Taliban’s restrictions on human rights and authoritarianism. It will also involve dealing with a movement that operates with such different – and unpredictab"
+0,"As of September 8, 2021, 58.9 percent of adults worldwide have not received even one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine. Low vaccination rates are particularly severe in the developing world; in Africa, for example, only 3.2 percent of people are vaccinated. This significant disparity between high-income and low-‑income nations will grow more acute before it diminishes. As vaccination efforts increase globally, the international community and local governments will take center stage directing and organizing the var"
+1,"This is a guest post by my colleague Jamie Withorne. Jamie is a Research Assistant at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Her work focuses on emerging technology, North Korea sanctions evasion, and North Korea’s nuclear fuel cycle.
+
+This is the third and final part of a three-part series on North Korea’s uranium conversion program. For Part One, see here. And for Part Two, see here.
+
+Part Three: A Technical Assessment of North Korea Uranium Conversion Processes
+
+As briefly discussed in par"
+0,"The United States is at a crossroads in its history. The level of political violence already observed in the country this year raises serious red flags about the erosion of democratic norms and the growing distrust of peaceful political processes. While predictions of mass violence associated with the United States may sound far-fetched to some, astute watchers of political violence around the globe are sounding the alarm bells. However, risks are not determinative. Regardless of election outcomes, bold lea"
+0,"The leading edge of China’s engagement with Latin America has always been economic in nature. Emerging market economies, principally led by China, displayed an intense interest in Latin America’s raw materials beginning in the early 2000s. Rising prices of commodities contributed to a reduction in poverty and the burgeoning of a middle class in what is still one of the most unequal regions of the world.
+
+Following the commodity boom in the early 2000s, which lasted roughly a decade, China has sought to deep"
+0,"Abstract
+
+Soviet and American leaders learned during the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 that inadequate communication raised perilous risks and dangers in the nuclear age. The US–Soviet Hotline was created soon thereafter, in 1963, and has operated continuously ever since. It was intended to provide a quick, reliable, confidential, ever-ready communications between heads of state in the event of crisis or war. Strategists came to realize that urgent and effective communication was essential not only f"
+0,"The China Hexi Chemical and Machinery Corporation, also known as the CASIC Sixth Academy, is China’s first institute for the design and manufacture of solid-fuel rockets. [3] The Chinese Ministry of National Defense’s Fifth Academy established the institute in Sichuan Province in July 1962, but renamed and moved the institute to Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in 1965. [4]
+
+The organization has developed more than 30 models of tactical, strategic and space launch solid-fuel rockets. [5] The organization conducts des"
+0,"Russsia’s Izhorskiye Zavody (Izhora Plant - part of the OMZ Group) has completed hydraulic tests on the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) for unit 2 of the Akkuyu NPP under construction in Turkey.
+
+The equipment is manufactured under a contract with AEM-Technologies (part of Rosatom’s mechanical engineering division Atomenergomash).
+
+The results of hydraulic tests were assessed by a commission, which included representatives of Turkey’s Agency for Nuclear Regulatory (ANR), AEM-Technologies, Atomstroyexport, VPO"
+0,"Nuclear fission is the main process generating nuclear energy.
+Radioactive decay of both fission products and transuranic elements formed in a reactor yield heat even after fission has ceased.
+Fission reactions may be moderated to increase fission, or unmoderated to breed further fuel.
+For reactors using light water as moderator, enriched uranium is required.
+Isotope separation to achieve uranium enrichment is by physical processes.
+
+Neutrons
+
+Neutrons in motion are the starting point for everything that ha"
+0,"This piece is part of the CSIS International Security Program’s Transition46 series on Defense360.
+
+The Biden administration faces a host of competing priorities at the Department of Defense (DoD). Its new leadership team must define its approach to a shifting global landscape that is far from settled. DoD writ large must also modernize its aging infrastructure and equipment and cope with a stagnant budget, all the while continuing to develop and procure new technology to ensure U.S. safety and security in "
+0,"Concept design of the Spherical Tokamak plant is earmarked for 2024
+
+The UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) announced on Friday that 15 sites are in consideration to become the future home of Step – the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production – the UK’s prototype fusion plant."
+0,A Japanese diplomat’s vulgar metaphor pinpoints an awkward truth: South Korean diplomacy is painfully one-sided
+0,"The Dukovany nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic has opened its annual drive-in cinema in the shadow of the plant's cooling towers. Every Saturday through the month of August, moviegoers will enjoy local films with their entry fee going to charity.
+
+Dukovany drive-in (Image: CEZ)
+
+Every year the owner and operator of the plant, CEZ, erects a large projector screen in the car park of the power plant. Moviegoers can watch from their car, or using their own garden chairs, while audio is provided by radio"
+1,"Kim Jong Un seeks to modernize the DPRK’s nuclear weapons, a goal that benefits from resumed plutonium production
+
+Ankit Panda
+
+In a recent report, the director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) assessed that North Korea’s 5-megawatt-electric gas-graphite reactor at Yongbyon has resumed operations.
+
+The IAEA director-general placed the rough time of the reactor’s restart at July 2021, marking the end of a two-and-half-year break in operations. The IAEA last assessed that the reactor c"
+0,"The commission has published its first batch of rules under the EU’s taxonomy. But what is the taxonomy – and what does it mean for the nuclear industry?
+
+What is the taxonomy? Stripped of bureaucratic jargon, it’s a package of regulations that governs investment in activities that the EU says are environmentally friendly. Think of it as an EU dictionary of what activities may and may not be called sustainable. The EU produced the taxonomy to help meet climate and energy targets for 2030 and reach the objec"
+0,"Denmark generates about 20% of its electricity from coal, and over 45% from wind.
+Each half of the country is part of separate major electrical grids.
+Denmark was once at the forefront of nuclear research and had planned on building nuclear power plants.
+In 1985, the Danish parliament passed a resolution that nuclear power plants would not be built in the country and there is currently no move to reverse this situation.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 30.4 TWh
+
+Generation mix: wind 13.9 TWh"
+0,"During the past quarter century, the United Arab Emirates have enjoyed a unique position in the world: they, more than any other country, have helped illicit traders mask the true destination of cargo. And unfortunately for us all, much of that cargo has helped build weapons of mass destruction. By routing secret shipments through the Emirates, India evaded international controls on its plutonium-producing reactors, Libya got centrifuges for enriching uranium, and both Iran and Iraq acquired key components "
+0,"The process for choosing a site for Italy’s planned national radioactive waste storage facility must take place with the “utmost transparency and completeness of information towards citizens”, Vannia Gava, undersecretary of state at the ministry of ecological transition told an online hearing to evaluate candidate locations on 7 September."
+0,"Fuel rod fault suspected as cause
+
+The Taishan-1 nuclear power plant in China’s southern Guangdong province is at present operating within safety parameters, a spokesperson for reactor technology provider Framatome told NucNet.
+
+French energy Group EDF said yesterday that it had been informed by operators of the increase in the concentration of certain inert (noble) gases in the primary circuit at Taishan-1, an EPR supplied by EDF subsidiary Framatome.
+
+Taishan-1 made headlines on Monday after CNN reported "
+0,"A Dubai-based shipping and freight forwarding company run by Mehrdad Ansari, who was indicted in the United States in June 2011, along with Susan Yip and Mehrdad Foomanie, for his alleged involvement in a conspiracy to ship thousands of U.S.-origin military and dual-use parts to Iran without required export licenses; was allegedly used by Ansari to transship the goods, including items that can be used in nuclear weapons, missile guidance, secure radio communications, electronic warfare, radio jamming, and r"
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+The indictment of Turkish state-owned Halkbank, unsealed late last year, is the first against a major bank for sanctions violations brought by the United States. The case sheds light on how, from 2012 to 2016, in the midst of negotiations on its nuclear program, Iran relied on this bank to launder money in order to relieve the economic pressure of international sanctions. The four-year legal saga began in 2016 with the arrest and prosecution of Reza Zarrab, an Iranian-Turkish businessman."
+0,The Future of Military Engines looks at the state of the U.S. military engine industrial base and the choices confronting policymakers at the Department of Defense (DoD). The military engine industrial base is closely tied to the industrial base for commercial engines. U.S. engine providers use many of the same facilities and largely the same supply chain for military and commercial engines. The ability to leverage commercial supply chains is critical because supply chain quality underlies the performance a
+0,"Technology Could Ease Information Sharing Among Distrustful Parties
+
+Last year, in a phone conversation about the costs and benefits of blockchain architecture, a source said to me with slight exasperation in his voice, “You know, you don’t need a blockchain to build a swimming pool.” It was meant to be a facetious commentary on the state of the industry. That was spring 2017, and blockchains, or at least the word blockchain, were being slapped on everything.
+
+IBM and Maersk had just built their own blockch"
+0,"Move follows ‘performance issue’ related to damaged fuel rod claddings
+
+The Taishan-1 EPR nuclear plant in southern China has been taken offline for maintenance and to replace damaged fuel, two weeks after the country’s regulator said it was in “normal condition and operational safety is guaranteed” following a minor fuel rod cladding failure which resulted in increased radioactivity in the unit’s primary reactor coolant.
+
+French nuclear company Framatome, which helps operate the plant, last month reported "
+0,"The Marshall Plan, the program of U.S. financial assistance that helped spark the economic recovery of western Europe following World War II, is considered to be one of the most successful U.S. foreign policy initiatives ever and one that might have implications for today.
+
+“Although the Marshall Plan has its critics and occurred during a unique point in history, many observers believe it offers lessons that may be applicable to contemporary foreign aid programs,” according to a new report from the Congress"
+0,"VERTIC in conjunction with The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) held the 3rd Workshop within the Project ‘Building Capacity on Multilateral Verification of Nuclear Disarmament’ on July 15-16.
+
+Such a project focuses on harnessing, developing, and sustaining expertise and capacity on nuclear disarmament verification (NDV) in regions around the world. This work will complement the efforts being undertaken in Kazakhstan to engage in research and development activities on nuclear disarmament v"
+0,"NEW REPUBLIC
+August 13, 1990, p. 10-11
+
+As the United States worries about missiles in the hands of Iraq and other countries in the Middle East, an egregious case of missile proliferation is taking shape in its own back yard. A group of European companies has agreed to sell Brazil the technology to build a rocket motor capable of launching an intercontinental ballistic missile. If the sale goes through, the first non-U.S. ICBM will take up residence in the Western Hemisphere, Brazil will be able to sell lon"
+0,"The Missile Defense Review sets “the stage for a high-stakes policy debate between those who value missile defense as an enabler of US grand strategy, and those who fear enhanced missile defense may start an arms race with Russia and China,” write Walter Slocombe and Robert Soofer."
+0,Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom and France’s state-controlled EDF Group have signed a cooperation agreement to develop green hydrogen in Russia and Europe.
+0,"During its October 10 celebration of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Workers’ Party of Korea, North Korea paraded its newest and biggest long-range ballistic missile. Described as a “ monster,” the presumptive Hwasong-16 is considerably larger than the Hwasong-15 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) that was test launched in November 2017. Most of the initial commentary speculated the new missile, which has not been flight tested, is designed to carry multiple warheads and decoys to ensure "
+0,"***
+
+Did you know the visitors centers at the Fernald Preserve, Weldon Spring Site, and Atomic Legacy Cabin have virtual programs and tours available? Due to the ongoing pandemic, our interpreters have been hard at work creating and presenting programming for schools, community groups, and the public — all in a virtual environment.
+
+Fernald Preserve staff made their beloved book club call-in ready; the Weldon Spring Site staff modified their popular grade school programs for live digital audiences; and the "
+0,"North Korea’s military “uses tactics based on former Soviet or current Russian doctrine, Chinese developments, lessons learned, and observation of recent military actions,” according to a new US Army manual on the subject.
+
+“While North Korea maintains large amounts of military equipment, much of it is outdated making it quantitatively superior to most armies but qualitatively inferior,” the new manual said. See North Korean Tactics, Army Techniques Publication (ATP) 7-100.2, 24 July 2020.
+
+But North Korea "
+0,"A Seoul clothing firm said it was duped into using DPRK labor and had no choice but to sell sanctions-violating garb
+
+Baek Sung-hui’s hands are irreversibly disfigured from 40 years of manual labor. Now the head of a small South Korean clothing company, she remembers starting out as a teenage seamstress and later working through three pregnancies, with no break after giving birth.
+
+“These days, even needles can’t penetrate my stiff fingers,” Baek said, caressing the glittering Christmas sweater that her com"
+0,"Owned and operated by the DAE's Heavy Water Board (HWB), the Talcher Heavy Water Plant in Orissa state is linked to a fertilizer factory owned by the Fertilizer Corporation of India. Construction on the facility, which was designed and built by West Germany's UHDE GmbH, began in 1972 and was completed in 1982. The plant did not begin operations until after being commissioned in March 1985. The plant produces heavy water using the bithermal version of the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process and has a productio"
+0,"* Please note all CISAC events are scheduled using the Pacific Time Zone.
+
+About the Event: Spying has never been more ubiquitous―or less understood. The world is drowning in spy movies, TV shows, and novels, but universities offer more courses on rock and roll than on the CIA and there are more congressional experts on powdered milk than espionage. This crisis in intelligence education is distorting public opinion, fueling conspiracy theories, and hurting intelligence policy. In Spies, Lies, and Algorithms"
+0,"Kim Sook, who led South Korea delegation at Six-Party Talks, says North Korea “inflexible” and “stubborn” in talks
+
+Image: Kim Sook in an interview with NK News, June 2021 | NK News
+
+North Korea will likely return to talks with the U.S., but it is unlikely to present something new and tangible in the near future, South Korea’s former chief nuclear negotiator told NK News.
+
+Speaking in an exclusive interview at this year’s Jeju Forum, former ambassador Kim Sook -- who served as head of the ROK delegation to "
+0,"America has been the undisputed global leader in science and technology over the past century. But this global order is in flux. China’s extensive investments and years of strategic planning—including strengthening its intellectual property (IP) regimes—have enabled it to catch up to, and in some areas surpass, our capabilities in artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies. Congress is mulling over legislative proposals to counter China’s economic and geopolitical ambitions for technologic"
+0,"Sama Bilbao y León became the Director General of World Nuclear Association in October 2020.
+
+Previously, and since June 2018, she was Head of the Division of Nuclear Technology Development and Economics at the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. In her role at the NEA, she led a team of analysts responsible for providing Member Countries with authoritative studies in the intersection of technology, innovation and economics in support of their energy policy decision-making. Since January 2020, she was also Head of "
+0,"This publication is part of a series of commentaries authored by advisory group members of the Just Transition Initiative (JTI). This series highlights the diverse perspectives and expertise of the JTI advisory group on different aspects of the low-carbon transition and its implications for equitable development.
+
+The disproportionate impact from the pandemic and extreme weather events to the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region highlights the urgent need for a just and equitable transition to net zero "
+0,"Illinois congressman Adam Kinzinger has called on President Joe Biden to consider the use of emergency powers to keep the Byron and Dresden nuclear power plants in operation, at least until the enactment of new state or federal laws to ensure a ""level playing field"" for such plants. Separately, Exelon said its Illinois nuclear fleet, including Byron and Dresden, operated at full power levels during the hottest July on record.
+
+""I write to you with an urgent request to take extraordinary measures - to mainta"
+0,"Rose Gottemoeller, former deputy secretary general of NATO and Payne distinguished lecturer at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and its Center for International Security and Cooperation, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the efforts to regulate, if not eliminate, nuclear weapons."
+0,"Jordan has been operating a ""pioneering"" processing plant to recover yellowcake from uranium ores since the start of the year, the head of the country's Atomic Energy Commission has announced. Khaled Toukan's remarks were reported by state news agency Petra and shared by the Jordanian Uranium Mining Company (JUMCO), operator of the plant. JUMCO, which is the commercial arm of Jordanian Atomic Energy Commission, was established in 2013 to carry out radioactive elements exploration and development in Jordan.
+"
+0,"National and regional grid systems connecting generators with wholesale customers are generally just as important as electrical power generation.
+Investment in these is often on a similar scale to generation capacity.
+New technology is enabling transmission at high voltages over long distances without great losses.
+Transmission system operators (TSOs) have responsibility for the quality of power supply.
+Where national energy policies prioritise security of supply, the role of TSOs is to achieve operational "
+0,"The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) leads U.S. researchers and other partners in making transportation cleaner and more efficient through solutions that put electric drive vehicles on the road and replace oil with clean domestic fuels. Through our Vehicle, Bioenergy, and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies offices, EERE advances the development of next-generation technologies to improve plug-in electric and other alternative-fuel vehicles, advanced combustion engine and vehicle effic"
+0,"Summary
+
+The rift between Europe and the United States over Iran is deepening. Two years of U.S. maximum pressure on Tehran have not yielded the results Washington had hoped for, while the Europeans have failed to put up enough resistance for their transatlantic partner to change course. Worse, the U.S. policy threatens to destabilize the broader Persian Gulf, with direct consequences for Europe.
+
+To get ahead of the curve and regain leverage, the European Union (EU), its member states, and the United Kingd"
+0,"Finnish utility Fortum today submitted its environmental impact assessment (EIA) report for the Loviisa nuclear power plant to the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment (MEAE). The report assesses the environmental impacts of a potential extension of the operation of the plant's two VVER-440 pressurised water reactors or, alternatively, the decommissioning of the plant, as well as the environmental impacts of the final disposal facility for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste.
+
+Loviisa unit "
+0,The UK Atomic Energy Authority and The Henry Royce Institute for advanced materials have published a roadmap for developing materials for fusion energy that will give researchers a national tool and common themes to collaborate around.
+0,"May 2017
+
+Introduction
+
+North Korea has hundreds of medium and short-range ballistic missiles available for use against regional targets. In addition, it is developing submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). North Korea conducted several successful SLBM tests in 2016, already has tested several new missile systems in 2017, and may test an ICBM this year. It also is developing longer-range solid-fueled missiles, which are better suited for military purpo"
+0,"Egypt built the Phosphoric Acid Purification Plant to separate uranium ore concentrate from phosphoric acid, which contains roughly 65 ppm of uranium. [2]
+
+Egypt states that the plant, although operational, has not worked as designed for uranium recovery. [3] Problems with the separation of uranium from phosphoric acid include: 1) the removal of suspended materials (such as sand) and organic matter; 2) extraction of uranium from the acid takes place at a lower concentration than the provided acid; 3) the tr"
+0,"Completion of unit 4 of the Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant in Ukraine will be accelerated by the use of major plant components in storage since the construction of new reactors at VC Summer in the USA was cancelled. The head of Energoatom toured Westinghouse warehouses to inspect the condition of the AP1000 components.
+
+""The complete set of parts for the reactor island is available,"" said Petro Kotin, acting director of Energoatom. By using them, ""we will be able to significantly reduce the construction ti"
+0,"In November 2015 the world stood together in solidarity in the face of the Paris and Beirut attacks. Since that time, shootings have occurred around the world, including in Brussels, Nairobi, and Kabul. On 12 June, another tragedy occurred in the United States: a shooter killed 49 and injured at least 53 with an assault rifle in an act of terror and violence against the LGBTQI community at a gay bar during Latin Night and LGBTQI pride month in Orlando, Florida.
+
+As our hearts go out to and grieve with the s"
+0,"Agency also warns of ‘low-carbon’ nuclear energy’s declining capacity
+
+Governments should make “maximum effort” to secure diversity in their low-carbon power generation mix by considering measures such as maintaining existing nuclear capacity by lifetime extensions and continuing research into new technologies such as small modular reactors, the International Energy Agency said in a new report."
+0,"Two units have been shut down and two more are scheduled for closure
+
+Operators at the Leningrad nuclear power station near St Petersburg have taken a major step in the decommissioning one of their oldest Soviet-built reactors by removing all the fuel from its core."
+1,"Japan needs to import about 90% of its energy requirements.
+Its first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in mid-1966, and nuclear energy has been a national strategic priority since 1973. This came under review following the 2011 Fukushima accident but has been confirmed.
+Up until 2011, Japan was generating some 30% of electricity from its reactors and this was expected to increase to at least 40% by 2017. The plan is now for at least 20% by 2030, from a depleted fleet.
+The first two reactors "
+0,"Both demonstration and test reactors are necessary to support the development and commercial deployment of the new reactor technologies that will expand access to reliable, clean energy, writes Kathryn Huff, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy at the US Department of Energy. This article was first published by the Office of Nuclear Energy on 30 July.
+
+""The impacts of climate change are playing out in real-time all over the world, including in the United States. Oppressive heat domes have"
+0,"Canada was the world's largest uranium producer for many years, accounting for about 22% of world output, but in 2009 was overtaken by Kazakhstan.
+Production comes mainly from the McArthur River and Cigar Lake mines in northern Saskatchewan province, which are the largest and highest-grade in the world.
+With known uranium resources of 606,600 tonnes of U 3 O 8 (514,400 tU), as well as much continuing exploration, Canada has a significant role in meeting future world demand.
+
+Canada is a country rich in uran"
+0,"Optimisation work at unit 2 of the Zaporozhe nuclear power plant in Ukraine could lead to the addition of 1000 MW of generation capacity if it is also conducted at the country's other reactors, according to the US Department of Energy (DOE). The DOE has been working with Argonne National Laboratory and Ukraine's NT-Engineering to help nuclear power plant operator Energoatom enhance its approach to maintenance.
+
+The team assessed the reactor's system configurations and maintenance routines to identify which "
+0,"Listen to Aaron David Miller, Eugene Rumer, and Richard Sokolsky discuss the importance of getting Russia right for U.S. foreign policy.
+
+Your browser does not support the audio element.
+
+Summary
+
+A critical examination of U.S. policy misfires in dealing with Russia and its intentions and capabilities over the past several decades is long overdue. Three factors largely account for this problem. All of them continue to affect contemporary policymakers’ approach to a deeply troubled relationship with Moscow. "
+0,"Israeli buyers have had little trouble importing sensitive nuclear equipment from the United States. Less than one percent of U.S. applications to export nuclear dual-use equipment to Israel were denied from 1988-1992, according to a 1994 report by the U.S. General Accounting Office. Approximately 90 percent were approved, and the rest were returned without action, still pending, cancelled or suspended, the report said.
+
+The GAO report found that during this period the United States approved 238 licenses fo"
+0,"Russia supplying two reactors for Liaoning province site
+
+The pouring of first concrete has begun for the Xudabao-3 nuclear power plant being built with Russian technology in Liaoning province in northeast China, China National Nuclear Corporation said in a note to the Shanghai stock exchange.
+
+Xudabao-3 will be a conventional pressurised water reactor unit using Russian-made VVER-1200 technology. There are also plans for a fourth unit at the site.
+
+In May, Chinese president Xi Jinping and his Russian count"
+0,"The Wisconsin Project presents below the China section of the current U.S. Entity List, annotated by the Wisconsin Project to increase its usefulness as a screening tool for exporters. (Learn more about the Entity List and why an annotated version is necessary.) The List is maintained in its original format, and our annotations are clearly indicated in blue and fully referenced to official or otherwise reliable sources. For each Chinese entity on the List, we include additional names and abbreviations, in b"
+0,"As the impacts of climate change ripple across the globe, lithium’s importance as a strategic mineral will increase exponentially to become an essential component for the clean energy systems of the future. The creation of lithium-ion batteries in 1991 transformed electric technology by virtue of their power as rechargeable, lightweight batteries that could store large amounts of energy. In the past five years alone, demand for lithium-ion batteries has skyrocketed, with the price of lithium doubling betwee"
+0,"The central question raised by today’s National Security Memorandum (NSM) on Improving Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Control Systems is what should take the place of a voluntary approach to cybersecurity. This responsibility falls on Congress. In many areas, Congress has realized that the United States is in a contest with China. The Chinese think the United States is unable to govern itself. Providing the authorities needed for better cybersecurity is an opportunity to prove China wrong.
+
+Propo"
+0,"On 25 November 2020, the EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium held the annual Next Generation Workshop, organised by the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI).
+
+This event brought together young professionals in the field of arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament to discuss relevant challenges. 14 young professionals were chosen to present at the online 2020 edition of the workshop, which involved over 100 participants from 26 different countries.
+
+VERTIC’s Associate Legal Officer Thomas "
+0,"Used nuclear fuel has long been reprocessed to extract fissile materials for recycling and to reduce the volume of high-level wastes.
+Recycling today is largely based on the conversion of fertile U-238 to fissile plutonium.
+New reprocessing technologies are being developed to be deployed in conjunction with fast neutron reactors which will burn all long-lived actinides, including all uranium and plutonium, without separating them from one another.
+A significant amount of plutonium recovered from used fuel i"
+0,"More effort should be made by European policymakers to help preserve existing commercial nuclear fleets for as long as technical and safety conditions can be met, according to Yves Desbazeille, director-general of Brussels-based nuclear industry group Foratom."
+0,"On November 7-9 Researcher Elena Gai took part in the Moscow Non-Proliferation Conference. Every two years the Conference gathers hundreds of experts and officials from government, international organisations and NGOs to tackle the most pressing challenges in the non-proliferation field. The Conference featured presentations on the future of the non-proliferation regime and the priorities of Russia’s arms control policy, the de-nuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula and the JCPOA."
+0,"Presentation by Ray Acheson, Reaching Critical Will of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, to the Lower Hudson Valley Catholic College and University Consortium
+
+In nuclear weapon policy circles these days, people often say that nuclear weapons are useless.
+
+The flippancy of this statement should not undermine its truth. Many people in civil society have always questioned not just the moral justifications for the existence of nuclear weapons but also the political, economic, environmenta"
+0,"Private investors need to see clear and consistent political support for nuclear energy as a way to tackle climate change if they are to play a role in raising the large amount of capital required for new-build projects, Stephen Vaughan, vice chair of Energy & Power at Rothschild & Co, said yesterday during World Nuclear Association's Strategic eForum on Sustainable Finance. Specifically, taxonomies must back investment in nuclear power, he said.
+
+On the role of government in nuclear new build, Vaughan desc"
+0,"The Western Australian Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (DMIRS) has approved the Project Management Plan for the Mulga Rock uranium project, Vimy Resources announced today. Having already received approval from State and Federal governments, this is the first of three state government departmental approvals required to implement the project.
+
+Ambassador East Test Pit at Mulga Rock (Image: Vimy Resources)
+
+The approval of the Project Management Plan allows for the commencement of mining op"
+0,"Testing of the steam turbine using non-nuclear steam has been completed at the demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) at Shidaowan, in China's Shandong province. The twin-unit HTR-PM is scheduled to start operations later this year.
+
+Non-nuclear steam flushing is an important test for nuclear power projects to check the operating quality of steam turbine units and conventional island systems prior to start up. The test verifies the design, manufacturing and installation quality of "
+0,"Figures produced by a government agency indicate that traditional nuclear energy generation is expensive and unlikely to be taken up in Australia, although new nuclear technologies such as small modular reactors could change the costing over time, a report says."
+0,"ACPR-1000 becomes 52nd in country’s growing fleet of reactors
+
+The Hongyanhe-5 nuclear power plant in China’s northeastern Liaoning province begun commercial operation after a trial operation period of 168 hours ended at 21:32 local time on 31 July, state-owned China General Nuclear said.
+
+Hongyanhe-5 is a Generation III ACPR-1000 pressurised water reactor, construction of which began in March 2015. It becomes the 52nd commercial nuclear unit I China.
+
+On 13 June, Hongyanhe-5 achieved first criticality, whi"
+0,"North Korean television began televising competition from the recently-concluded Tokyo Olympics last week.
+
+Korean Central Television launched coverage in its late afternoon sports slot between 4pm and 5pm on Tuesday, August 10, and has so far shown highlights daily with the exception of Sunday, which was the Liberation Day national holiday.
+
+On Tuesday it showed the women’s football match between England and Chile. On Wednesday it showed the Brazil vs China women’s soccer and on subsequent days the coverag"
+0,"Nuclear energy is an excellent source of process heat for various industrial applications including desalination, synthetic and unconventional oil production, oil refining, biomass-based ethanol production, and in the future: hydrogen production.
+For most major industrial heat applications, nuclear energy is the only credible non-carbon option.
+Light water reactors produce heat at relatively low temperatures in relation to many industrial needs, hence the technology focus has been on high-temperature gas-co"
+0,"Climate Change
+
+As part of a reporting fellowship, nine freelance media professionals from Latin America formed a small and mighty news agency at the UN climate negotiations in Spain.
+
+Seven journalists, as well as a photographer and a graphic designer, were selected to participate in the COP25 Reporting Fellowship for Latin American Climate Journalists. The fellows were in Madrid, Spain covering the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP25"
+0,"Foreign influence, especially from South Korea, is a far more dangerous threat than sanctions or COVID-19
+
+Image: Image: Eric Lafforgue | A North Korean propaganda poster depicts citizens in front of the Juche tower in Pyongyang (May 20, 2009)"
+0,"The Aerospace Industries Organization (AIO) is the DIO subsidiary responsible for managing Iran's missile program, and is heavily involved in illicit procurement efforts. [1] For example, in February 2010 U.S. agents arrested a Taiwan passport holder in the U.S. Pacific territory of Guam on charges of illegally exporting commodities such as turbine engines, sealing compound, and hermetic connectors to Sanam Industrial Group for Iran's missile program. [2]
+
+While the AIO has not been subject to UN sanctions,"
+0,"US-based EnCore Energy Corp and Azarga Uranium Corp have entered into a definitive arrangement agreement whereby EnCore will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Azarga to consolidate “an industry leading pipeline of exploration and development staged in-situ recovery (ISR) focused uranium projects located in the United States”.
+
+These include the licensed Rosita & Kingsville Dome past producing uranium production facilities in South Texas, the advanced stage Dewey Burdock development "
+0,"The US Department of Energy's (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) has issued two cooperative agreements worth a total of USD37 million to NorthStar Medical Technologies, LLC to support the commercial production of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) without using high-enriched uranium (HEU). It has also launched RadSecure 100, a major radiological security initiative to enhance US radiological security at facilities in 100 metropolitan areas throughout the USA.
+
+Wisconsin-based North"
+0,"Four small modular reactors (SMRs) will power the huge Baimskaya copper and gold mining development in the Russian Arctic, according to an agreement signed by Rosatom subsidiary Atomflot. The company's director general, Mustafa Kashka, said the deal was significant for the whole global market for small reactors.
+
+Baimskaya is one of the world's largest mineral deposits and is very rich in copper and gold. However, development of the remote site in Russia's eastern Chukotka region demands a complex multi-par"
+0,The following article is the sixth in a multipart series by Gareth Johnson of Young Pioneer Tours about being a North Korea tour guide. Views expressed in columns are exclusively the author’s own and do not represent those of NK News.
+1,South Korea’s science ministry said the country’s nuclear research institute has won a deal worth $3.88m to export nuclear reactor technology to Bangladesh.
+0,"A large amount of uranium is in rare earth deposits, and may be extracted as a by-product.
+Higher uranium prices and geopolitical developments would enhance the economic potential for recovering these.
+Rare earths are essential for many modern technologies. Growth in electric car use will depend, in part, on the availability of rare earths.
+
+In addition to the 6.1 million tonnes of uranium in the world's known recoverable resources, there are substantial amounts comprising what is known as 'unconventional r"
+0,"Rod Ewing, chairman of the federal Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, recently led a delegation of five board members and staff to China to learn about Beijing’s efforts to develop a deep-mined geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste.
+
+During the visit to Beijing, the delegation met with officials at the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) and the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MoEP). They also met with scientist and engineers at four scientific organizations and research institutes:"
+0,"North Korean authorities have said that all goods entering the DPRK will soon need to be quarantined for three months, an experienced Chinese trader wrote on July 27, warning that the requirement will likely be in place for the next three to five years.
+
+The Korea-China-Russia E-commerce Network (KCRECA) posted the news in a blog for Chinese traders interested in exporting to North Korea, claiming that North Korea is now ready to resume trade under new disinfection protocols after more than a year of COVID-"
+1,"Share
+
+Orano USA has delivered its first TN-LC used fuel cask to Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP). It will be used to move used fuel between KHNP's nuclear power plant sites as well as internationally.
+
+The TN-LC cask is designed for both wet and dry fuel loading and uses lightweight materials. It weighs about 20 tons, or 23 tons when fitted with its two impact limiters. Orano describes it as ""an efficient multi-modal transport cask"" for fuel from nuclear power plants as well as research reactors.
+
+In Jun"
+0,"Last Friday, the helicopter of Colombian president Iván Duque came under fire as it landed in the border city of Cúcuta after an event in a fragile area near the border with Venezuela. The president, accompanied by an entourage including Defense Minister Diego Molano and Interior Minister Daniel Palacios, was unharmed despite visible damage to the presidential aircraft. Colombian authorities suspect guerrillas from the dissident Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colo"
+0,"Ansaldo Nuclear has designed and supplied a robot for the removal of 2000 drums of radioactive waste stored in hard-to-access areas within two temporary storage buildings at Italy's shut down Caorso nuclear power plant. Caorso, an 860 MWe boiling water reactor, was closed in 1990 after just 12 years of operation and is now being decommissioned.
+
+The plant's decommissioning licence, obtained in 2014, includes the treatment and conditioning of around 860 tonnes of radioactive ion exchange resins and sludges, "
+0,"The Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC), formally known as the Southwest Reactor Engineering Research and Design Academy, has both civilian and military functions. [2] NPIC designed and built China ’s first pressurized water reactor (PWR), its first high flux reactor (HFR), its first pulse reactor, as well as the Min Jiang Test Reactor (MJTR). [3] NPIC has converted its two HEU -fueled research reactors to low enriched uranium (LEU). The 125 MWt High Flux Experimental and Test Reactor (HFETR) reached cr"
+1,"The scope of technical assistance the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will provide in monitoring and reviewing the planned discharge of treated water stored at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant site has been agreed. The Terms of Reference defining the objective of the IAEA's assistance, how it will be implemented and its organisational arrangements were signed yesterday by the agency and the Japanese government.
+
+The document was signed by IAEA Deputy Director General Lydie Evrard, who hea"
+0,"The Additional Protocol
+
+Project updates
+
+08/05/2012: Project presentation to the NPT PrepCom in Vienna. Consultations with prospective client governments.
+01/08/2012: Compilation of resources for states completed. This compilation includes: international agreements, contact information for assistance providers, ratification and implementation resources, and related documents. See sidebar for more information.
+17-21/09/2012: Consultations with prospective governments at IAEA General Conference.
+01/11/2012: "
+0,"There are a number of pervasive myths regarding both radiation and radioactive waste.
+Some lead to regulation and actions which are counterproductive to human health and safety.
+
+Over the years, many views and concerns have been expressed in the media, by the public and other interested groups in relation to the nuclear industry and in particular its waste. Questions have been raised about whether nuclear power should continue when the issue of how to deal with its waste has apparently not yet been satisfac"
+0,"The National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA’s) new Stockpile Stewardship and Management Plan (SSMP) doubles the number of new nuclear warhead programs compared with the previous plan from 2019. The plan shows nuclear weapons advocates taking full advantage of the Trump administration to boost nuclear weapon programs.
+
+The new plan also shows significantly increasing nuclear weapons costs projected for the next two decades. These additional costs reflect the steadily growing ambitions of the nuclear"
+0,Government and industry must collaborate and increase the pace of nuclear deployment if the UK is to reach net zero by 2050 and help avoid what a United Nations report called the potential catastrophe of climate change.
+0,"Kim Jong Un’s comments on US policy at the ongoing party plenum [1] —a notable shift from the heavily domestic agendas that dominated the series of meetings in the last few months—build on North Korea’s messaging since the Eighth Party Congress that it is keeping the door open for reengagement. [2] Don’t forget, this is only a brief North Korean media readout, not the full text of Kim’s speech at the plenum. But the state media’s mention of Kim analyzing “the newly launched US administration’s policy trends"
+0,"A small, high-level workshop will be held on June 5, to examine the current state and future of the liberal international order.
+
+This workshop is a partnership between the Project on International Order and Strategy at Brookings, The Council on Foreign Relations, The Munk School of Global Affairs at Toronto University, Princeton University, and the Stanley Center. It will bring together approximately 25 experts and policymakers for a private session to assess pressures on the postwar international system a"
+0,"Loading of nuclear fuel into unit 4 of the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant in Russia has been completed. The procedure is part of large-scale modernisation work on the VVER-440 reactor and the 43rd time it has been carried out there since it started operations in 1973.
+
+Novovoronezh units 3 and 4 gained 15-year licence extensions to 2016 and 2017, then unit 4 was given a further 15-year extension, using parts from the shutdown unit 3. They were the first VVER-440 units to have their operational life extend"
+0,"Indonesia has a greater depth of experience and infrastructure in nuclear technology than any other country in southeast Asia.
+A 10 MWe experimental nuclear power reactor is planned to be built at Serpong, near Jakarta. Conceptual design has been completed by Russia.
+Plans for larger units are delayed.
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 284 TWh
+
+Generation mix: coal 160 TWh (56%); natural gas 59.4 TWh (21%); hydro 21.6 TWh (8%); oil 14.9 TWh (5%); geothermal 14.0 TWh (5%); biofuels & waste 13.5 TWh (5%); wind 0.2"
+0,"Most countries around the world are experiencing difficulties with the COVID-19 pandemic. [1] By comparison, North Korea’s situation must have been much worse because its economy has been beset by the triple whammy of COVID-19, prolonged United Nations Security Council and US government sanctions and natural disasters. Some US media, citing selective claims made by South Korean economists and North Korean defectors, have been reporting that the North is on the brink of another famine or already in one, remi"
+0,"The Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST) was created in August 1961 and is a primary competitor with the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST). [2] SAST is a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). SAST is also commonly referred to as the Eighth Academy. The Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology is not to be confused with the Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, also commonly referred to as SAST.
+
+The organization has conducted extensive resea"
+0,"Valerie Lincy, Executive Director of the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, and CSIS’ Sharon Squassoni discuss what the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action has meant for the public’s knowledge of Iran’s nuclear program, the reporting mechanisms in the agreement, and approaches that could increase transparency under the deal. This podcast is part of a series of talks by the CSIS Proliferation Prevention Program about transparency and nuclear weapons.
+
+To read the Iran Watch report on which this podcas"
+0,"Suspicion Grows that Tehran Seeks Uranium for Nuclear Weapons
+
+U.S. officials are adamant that Iran wants an atomic bomb, and they tell the Risk Report that Tehran is giving uranium enrichment high priority. “There are Iranians who have been given the task to get or make fissile material for a weapon,” says a senior U.S. official who has tracked Iran’s nuclear program for more than a decade.
+
+These officials say that one of the strongest indications of Iran’s nuclear weapon intentions is its attempt to buy "
+0,"Thorium is more abundant in nature than uranium.
+It is fertile rather than fissile, and can only be used as a fuel in conjunction with a fissile material such as recycled plutonium.
+Thorium fuels can breed fissile uranium-233 to be used in various kinds of nuclear reactors.
+Molten salt reactors are well suited to thorium fuel, as normal fuel fabrication is avoided.
+
+The use of thorium as a new primary energy source has been a tantalizing prospect for many years. Extracting its latent energy value in a cost-"
+0,"Direct insertions of intelligence assets were previously common, but techniques have changed substantially
+
+On South Korea’s coasts, reminders of North Korea’s proximity are everywhere for miles south of the border: military guard posts overlooking sprawling beaches, rows of barbed-wire fences, warnings about washed-up mines.
+
+. Not only are South Korean beach guard posts often unattended at night, but there is little physical infrastructure on large sections of the South Korean coastline to physically stop"
+0,"Although the United States has, in recent years, unequivocally accepted the notion that international humanitarian law (IHL) applies to its nuclear operations, there’s a catch. To date, the U.S. government has not declared that it no longer reserves a purported right to target civilians by way of reprisal, in response to an unlawful attack against U.S. or allied civilians. As we have argued elsewhere, and as Adil Haque recently called on the Biden administration to do, it is time for the United States to ac"
+0,"What is carbon neutrality ?
+
+Carbon neutrality does not mean the complete elimination of greenhouse gas emissions. According to the European Parliament's definition, carbon neutrality is ""the balance between carbon emissions and the absorption of carbon from the atmosphere by carbon sinks"".
+The scale of the challenge is therefore clear. It imposes drastic reductions in anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), particularly in the energy production and co"
+0,"A new study has confirmed that surgical masks reduce the spread of COVID-19 and confirms the impact of mask-wearing on communities. For more, KCBS Radio's Margie Shafer spoke with Dr. Stephen Luby, Medical Epidemiologist and Professor of Medicine at Stanford University, senior author of the study."
+0,"Seattle Seahawks wide receiver DK Metcalf announced that for the month of February, he would be using his social media presence to tell the story of Emmett Till, in honor of Black History Month. Emmett Till was a 14-year-old Black boy who was murdered in 1955 for allegedly flirting with a white woman. This panel discussed the significance of truth-telling and the reconciliation that can result from the acknowledgment of this country's racialized history.
+
+This event was co-sponsored with the Institutional A"
+1,"Commercial satellite imagery indicates continued signs of operation at the Thermal Plant that supplies steam to the Radiochemical Laboratory (RCL), where plutonium is recovered from spent reactor fuel. There also appears to be additional activity at one of the cooling units of the RCL, although its purpose is unclear. Despite these activities, it is still premature to suggest that spent fuel reprocessing is underway to extract plutonium for nuclear weapons or whether the site is being prepared to process ra"
+0,"The International Energy Agency (IEA) today launched its Sustainable Recovery Tracker that monitors governments' fiscal responses to the COVID-19 crisis and estimates their impact on clean energy investments and global CO2 emissions. The new online tool is a contribution to the G20 Ministerial Meeting on Environment, Climate and Energy, which takes place in Naples on 22 and 23 July under the presidency of Italy.
+
+The tracker shows that governments worldwide are deploying ""an unprecedented amount"" of fiscal "
+0,"(June 2021)
+
+Argentina 5.9 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.8 5.6 4.5 4.7 5.9 7.5 7.9 10.0
+Armenia 39.4 33.2 26.6 29.2 30.7 34.5 31.4 32.5 25.6 27.8 34.5 2.0 2.6
+Belarus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0 0.3
+Belgium 51.1 54.0 51.0 52.1 47.5 37.5 51.7 49.9 39.0 47.6 39.1 41.4 32.8
+Brazil 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.1 15.2 13.2
+Bulgaria 33.1 32.6 31.6 30.7 31.8 31.3 35.0 34.3 34.7 37.5 40.8 15.9 15.9
+Canada 15.1 15.3 15.3 16.0 16.8 16.6 15.6 14.6 14.9 14.9 14.6 94.9 92.2
+China:
+- Mainland 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.4 3.0 3.6 3"
+0,"Developing countries in the Indo-Pacific are in desperate need of hard and soft infrastructure to support their growing markets and populations. Building critical infrastructure in the region will be one of the most effective ways to generate economic growth and employment and offset some of the financial disruption caused by Covid-19. Even before the pandemic descended, the U.S. recognized the importance of closing the infrastructure gap and partnered with Australia and Japan to address this challenge.
+
+“B"
+1,"A 38 North exclusive with analysis by Frank V. Pabian and Jack Liu.
+
+Commercial satellite imagery of North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center from February 2019 indicates that despite recent assertions that the 5 MWe reactor is running, there are no obvious indicators that it or the Experimental Light Water Reactor (ELWR) are operating.
+
+Around the Reactors
+
+Commercial satellite imagery from February 11 and 21, 2019 of the 5 MWe plutonium production reactor shows no indicators that the reac"
+0,"Atomenergomash is in the process of manufacturing the reactor pressure vessel for Turkey's new Akkuyu 3 reactor. Improvements to hand-held cutting tools have cut the time of some jobs by 75%, it said.
+
+The elliptical bottom of the reactor vessel for a VVER-1200 unit is made in several stages from a seamless forged billet in the form of a tube 6 metres long, with an outer diameter of 2.5 metres, and weighing 96 tonnes.
+
+Workers execute a series of cuts in the 300 mm thick metal according to guides placed ins"
+0,"North Korea will allow foreigners to visit 22 locations in Pyongyang that were previously off-limits due to COVID-19 measures, the Russian Embassy in the DPRK said Monday, after waves of diplomats and aid workers left the capital in recent months due to stifling pandemic restrictions.
+
+“The embassy has received a note from the Protocol Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the DPRK notifying us that during the emergency period related to the pandemic another 22 items were added to the list of 299"
+0,"At the end of 2020, one year after the start of the deadly coronavirus pandemic, the Stanley Center invited journalists to pitch stories that explored the connections between COVID-19 responses and factors for risk and resilience to mass violence and atrocities around the world. The idea was that understanding COVID-19’s implications for atrocity prevention could benefit from journalistic perspectives that reveal responses and impacts across different levels and sectors of society in a variety of geographic"
+0,"Note: As of February 2008, this page will no longer be updated.
+
+Overview
+
+In the 1960s, there were concerns that due to recent advances in oceanographic technologies, nations might use the seabed as a new environment for nuclear-related military installations. The Soviet Union and the United States submitted two separate drafts that differed on what was to be prohibited and verification measures. On 7 October 1969, the two States submitted a joint draft to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CC"
+0,"The official Japanese report pointed to ‘a multitude of errors and willful negligence’, but what steps have been taken to prevent a repeat?"
+0,"Preventing the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) against the United States and its allies has long been a paramount security objective for Washington with increased urgency since 9/11. When it comes to mitigating the threats posed by North Korean WMD, the United States has long followed a multi-pronged approach that has incorporated, among other elements, increasing resiliency and capacity among our allies in Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK or South Korea); multilateral diplomacy in the form of "
+0,"Overview
+
+Opened for signature: 18 December 1979
+Entered into force: 11 July 1984
+Signatories: 11 States — Austria, France, Guatemala, India, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Philippines, Romania, and Uruguay
+Depositary: UN Secretary-General
+18 Member States: (including) Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Chile, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Uruguay, and Venezuela
+
+The Moon Agreement was signed in December 1979 following an initiative b"
+0,"Nuclear plants could also emerge as crucial provider of green hydrogen
+
+The world needs $2tn in capital expenditure to build new power capacity to decarbonise generation and keep average temperatures well below 2°C and nuclear power – particularly competitively priced small modular reactors – could be key in the global decarbonisation movement, according to new research."
+0,"With continuing high numbers of Covid-19 cases and associated deaths across the United States, the rollout of novel coronavirus vaccines offers hope for moving beyond the worst effects of the pandemic. But even as new products are approved and supply accelerates, large portions of the American public are still hesitant about taking Covid-19 vaccines. The Biden Administration has initiated important efforts to restore community trust, through outreach to minority communities and outlining a comprehensive pla"
+0,"On December 8-9, 2020, the Stanley Center and La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES) convened the Seventh Workshop of Regional Responses to the Crises in Latin America and the Caribbean. Participants discussed how government responses in the region to the COVID-19 pandemic have curtailed civic spaces and undermined societal resilience.
+
+The takeaways from this discussion reflect the workshop and include a collective review of the crisis and recommendations for civil societ"
+0,"Summary
+
+South Africa was one of the 1990s iconic cases of democratization. Yet starting in the mid-2000s, the country began to experience a disruptive collision between its strong political institutions and massive economic inequality. The collision intensified across the 2010s, resulting in economic stagnation and increasing threats to institutional integrity. Understanding why this collision occurred and worsened over time is relevant not just for other middle-income countries but also many higher-income"
+0,"First concrete is scheduled to be poured for the construction of Kudankulam-5 and -6 in India this year and Kakrapar-3 will begin commercial generation in September, press reports quoted a Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) official as saying."
+0,"The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 created one of the most interesting and diverse agencies in the Federal government. Activated on October 1, 1977, the twelfth cabinet-level department brought together for the first time within one agency two programmatic traditions that had long coexisted within the Federal establishment: 1) defense responsibilities that included the design, construction, and testing of nuclear weapons dating from the Manhattan Project effort to build the atomic bomb; and 2"
+0,"The event features presentations from and Q&A with authors and editors from the new edited volume “Three Tweets to Midnight,” co-edited by Harold Trinkunas, Herb Lin, and Ben Loehrke.
+
+Disinformation and misinformation have always been part of conflict. But the rise of social media and the new global information ecosystem have created conditions for the spread of propaganda like never before—with potentially disastrous results. This volume examines how digital misinformation might affect the likelihood of i"
+0,"Summary
+
+On June 15, 2020, a lethal military conflict over disputed territory in the Himalayas shook the edifice of China-India relations. The clash in the Galwan Valley along their shared border is the gravest military confrontation the two nuclear powers have faced in fifty years. This event and ongoing tensions focus attention on the long-standing but tempered competition between China and India. One of the most interesting puzzles of that relationship is why nuclear weapons, which both possess, have not"
+1,"Russia is ready and willing to build a nuclear power plant as part of an energy assistance package for North Korea, according to the head of Russia’s Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom)."
+0,"Nuclear Weapons
+
+Programs
+
+Seventeen journalists met in Honolulu on the one-year anniversary of Hawaii’s panic-inducing 2018 false missile alert to consider how to effectively report on nuclear risks in a changing threat landscape.
+
+“Ah, it feels so good to be back in a newsroom!” said one journalist as she entered the newsroom of Honolulu Civil Beat —a local, nonprofit news organization—to hear from Civil Beat’s reporters about their experiences covering a false missile alert that wreaked havoc on the isla"
+0,"Geospatial and open source analysts face decisions in their work that can directly or indirectly cause harm to individuals, organizations, institutions, and society. Though analysts may try to do the right thing, such ethically informed decisions can be complex. This is particularly true for analysts working on issues related to nuclear nonproliferation or international security, analysts whose decisions on whether to publish certain findings could have far-reaching consequences. These experts may not have "
+0,"Electricity imports reached highest ever levels in July, says industry group
+
+Britain imported more electricity in July than ever before, threatening its energy security by relying on power from abroad – including nuclear power generated by France and Belgium – instead of investing in its own green energy future, the London-based Nuclear Industry Association said."
+0,"Great power competition means U.S. adversaries are deploying capabilities across continents and in every domain to challenge the United States and its interests. Correspondingly, U.S. intelligence agencies are under pressure to deliver timely and accurate warning against an increasingly wide range of disruptive adversarial activities occurring across the competition continuum.
+
+Unfortunately, collection assets capable of conducting long-term, persistent threat monitoring are often overcommitted. Despite U.S"
+0,"IAI's Systems Missiles and Space Group branch conducts all of its manufacturing operations at the Yehud industrial site, except for the MLM division located at Be'er Yaakov. [2] The MLM division serves as the principal contractor for the Arrow Weapon System, and is responsible for the interceptor missiles, launchers, and launcher controls. [3] MLM division also manufactures the Jericho family of ballistic missiles.
+
+Production
+
+In conjunction with France, IAI developed the Jericho I or YA-1, a two-stage SRB"
+0,"Coal power generation is in decline globally, not only because of responses to the increasing urgency of climate change, but also because the costs of clean energy are dropping, renewables are becoming more efficient, and fossil fuel markets are beginning to falter. The conversation internationally has shifted from whether coal will need to be phased out to when and how. Retaining or growing investment in coal will carry major macroeconomic risks as markets shift domestically and globally.
+
+Countries will t"
+0,China Nuclear Energy Industry Corporation (CNEIC) is directly owned by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and is authorized to import and export both small- and large-scale nuclear power and technology equipment. [1] It is the only company in China that is authorized to import and export products related to the nuclear fuel cycle. The corporation frequently acts as an agent between foreign and domestic companies and has taken an active role in a majority of nuclear power plants in operation or un
+0,"Summary
+
+In a divided zone along their border, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have introduced a flexible arrangement based on a rigid physical border and a fluid economic border. This flexibility, leading to the co-management and equal profit sharing of hydrocarbons, has largely averted conflict. It rests on constructive ambiguity and avoidance of direct confrontation. The approach has its challenges but showed its merit in 2009–2019 when the two resolved a major dispute over the zone.
+
+Key Themes
+
+Fixed borders w"
+0,"The National Energy Regulator of South Africa (Nersa) has started a public consultation process on the government’s development roadmap for 2,500 MW of nuclear-powered generating capacity.
+
+Nersa published a consultation document on its webpage inviting interested stakeholders to comment on the government’s plans by 5 February 2020. The call for comments will be followed by public hearings through online platforms with live streaming with the goal to reach as many stakeholders as possible.
+
+Nersa said it wa"
+0,"Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric cars are seeing a rise in popularity today for many of the same reasons they were first popular.
+
+Whether it’s a hybrid, plug-in hybrid or all-electric, the demand for electric drive vehicles will continue to climb as prices drop and consumers look for ways to save money at the pump. Currently more than 3 percent of new vehicle sales, electric vehicles sales could to grow to nearly 7 percent -- or 6.6 million per year -- worldwide by 2020, according to a report b"
+0,"Rapid Arctic warming has intensified northern wildfires and is thawing carbon-rich permafrost. Carbon emissions from permafrost thaw and Arctic wildfires, which are not fully accounted for in global emissions budgets, will greatly reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that humans can emit to remain below 1.5 °C or 2 °C. The Paris Agreement provides ongoing opportunities to increase ambition to reduce society's greenhouse gas emissions, which will also reduce emissions from thawing permafrost. In December 20"
+0,"After wrapping up day four of its politically-important Party Congress, North Korean state media released key details about where the country is headed on Saturday, laying out ambitious goals for its nuclear weapons program as well as its economy. State media also put out strong words on the United States and South Korea, accusing Seoul of dithering from important inter-Korean conversations and Washington of holding a foreign policy that “never changes,” no matter who’s president.
+
+Now, DPRK analysts weigh "
+0,"Construction on the Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (GNPS) began in 1987 and was completed in 1993, making it the first civil nuclear power station in mainland China. The site’s reactor technology was supplied by the French company Framatome while British turbine-generator equipment was also used. [2] The construction of GNPS was managed by Électricité de France and the total production costs (including the repayment of interest) are estimated to be $5.44 billion. [3] GNPS’s primary electricity con"
+0,"An exciting leadership role is opening at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI). We are seeking a Vice President to lead our Scientific and Technical Affairs (STA) Program.
+NTI is a non-profit, nonpartisan organization whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.
+
+Recognizing the potential benefits as well as the pitfalls of new technologies for addressing our mission, NTI’s STA Program seeks to harness opportunities that ne"
+0,"Renewable energy technologies, such as advanced biofuels for transportation, are key for U.S. efforts to mitigate climate change
+
+Climate change is bringing about rising temperatures, which have significant negative impacts on humans and the environment, and transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as biofuels, can help meet this challenge. One consequence of higher global temperatures is the increasing frequency of extreme weather events that cause massive amounts of harm and damage. As depicted in "
+0,"A meeting between His Excellency Mr. Mohammad Eslami, Vice-President and the Head of Atomic Energy Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran (AEOI) and His Excellency Mr. Rafael Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) took place on September 12, during his visit to Tehran.
+
+In this meeting the parties recalled and reaffirmed the spirit of cooperation and mutual trust and its continuation and emphasized on the necessity of addressing the relevant issues in a constructive "
+0,"Over 45 Afghan Air Force aircraft were flown out of the country in mid-August, likely to prevent them from falling into the hands of the Taliban. Satellite imagery of Termez International Airport in Uzbekistan captured on August 16 reveals several dozen Afghan military assets situated on the airport’s tarmac. The platforms visible in the imagery include C-208 utility aircraft, A-29 Super Tucano light attack aircraft, and Mi-17, Mi-25, and UH-60 helicopters. According to the Associated Press, these aircraft "
+0,"Consortium eyeing emerging reactor sector that could be worth $325bn by 2035
+
+The race to develop and manufacture small modular reactors is a competitive one, with at least 72 concepts at various stages of development in countries including Argentina, Canada, the US, the UK, Russia, China, Japan and South Korea."
+0,"There is bipartisan support for the view that the United States should invest in preserving its competitive advantage as a global innovation leader. There is bipartisan support for the view that the United States should take action to address the risks to competition posed by technology platforms. Yet there is virtual bipartisan silence on doing anything to bolster the United States’ intellectual property (IP) system after almost two decades of judicial, legislative, and regulatory actions to weaken it. Som"
+0,"No region of the world is more immersed in the consequences of global climate change than the Middle East. The region accounts for about 30 percent of global oil production, and oil revenues drive government revenues in the region—either because the countries produce oil, or because the countries produce a labor force that works in oil-exporting countries and sends money home. Because of oil revenues, Middle Eastern governments can afford to employ large percentages of their own populations, and they do. As"
+0,"Processing radioactive waste or used fuel from other countries has been banned in Slovakia, after a parliamentary resolution yesterday. The move will force the closure of a business unit of JAVYS, potentially leading to job losses once ongoing work is completed.
+
+The ban was imposed by way of a resolution to amend the Environment Act of 1992. It ""explicitly prohibits activities related to radioactive waste and used nuclear fuel which does not originate in Slovakia,"" parliamentary documents said. Furthermore"
+0,"Militaries are increasingly interested in leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance systems for command and control, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. Such applications could affect nuclear deterrence relationships and international security dynamics. Ahead of that potential future, it will be important for stakeholders to develop understanding of challenges that military AI applications could pose, including any effects on arms race dynamics, crisis stability, escalation control, and oper"
+1,"North Korea began construction of the 50MWe Nuclear Power Plant in 1985 or 1986, and it was due to be completed in 1995. Similar to the Taecheon 200MWe Nuclear Power Plant, it was modeled after the graphite-moderated, gas-cooled French G-2 reactor [1] and would have been capable of producing about 55kg of plutonium per year. [2] When construction was frozen under the terms of the Agreed Framework of October 1994, it was within a year of completion, according to Pyongyang. [3] Stanford physicist Siegfried He"
+0,"The Issue
+
+Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa are often those most affected by climate change, especially in the agriculture and water systems sectors.
+SMEs are also integral in addressing climate change since they make up most of the private sector in sub-Saharan Africa.
+In many cases, the technology required to adapt to climate change is expensive and SMEs will require blended finance to be able to adopt these technologies.
+Blended finance has the potential to counter the effe"
+0,"event during the Commission on the Status of Women that explored how to link the agendas on women, peace and security and arms control. The event was hosted by the Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations in association with the International Action Network on Small Arms Women’s Network, Global Alliance on Armed Violence, and the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs.
+
+In WILPF when we talk about women, peace and security we are thinking much broader than 1325, or women, or participation"
+0,"The head of an influential Belgian business group has said “no one knows where we are going” on nuclear energy and urged political leaders to clarify the situation.
+
+Pieter Timmermans, chief executive officer of the Federation of Enterprises of Belgium, said in Le Soir newspaper that an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report in August concluded that maximum effort must be made to reduce CO2 production, “and we, in Belgium, are we going to build gas plants to make up for the closure of the nuclear "
+0,"Experts weigh in on why the second DPRK-U.S. summit failed, and where relations go from here
+
+| Oliver Hotham
+
+One year ago today, the DPRK-U.S. summit in Hanoi -- the second such meeting between the leaders of the two countries -- fell apart in acrimony.
+
+Following months of high hopes that Pyongyang and Washington would be able to build on the sparse agreement made the previous year in Singapore, President Donald Trump emerged after hours of talks with Kim Jong Un to announce that the U.S. had decided to "
+0,"The UK government says nuclear will play a significant role in developing a thriving low-carbon hydrogen sector to meet the country's ambition for 5GW of low-carbon hydrogen production capacity by 2030. Releasing its Hydrogen Strategy today, the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy said a hydrogen economy could support over 9000 UK jobs and unlock GBP4 billion (USD5.5 billion) in investment by 2030, potentially rising to 100,000 jobs and worth up to GBP13 billion by 2050.
+
+The UK's first-ev"
+0,"It happens all too often: You log on to social media for a fun break, but you find yourself riled up and angry an hour later. Why does this keep happening?
+
+New research by Stanford University psychology Professors Jeanne Tsai and Brian Knutson and their team suggests a key piece of the puzzle involves culture. In a new study, published online Sept. 7 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the team assessed the emotional content, called “sentiment,” of Twitter posts by Japanese and U.S. users,"
+0,"There is bipartisan support for the view that the United States should invest in preserving its competitive advantage as a global innovation leader. There is bipartisan support for the view that the United States should take action to address the risks to competition posed by technology platforms. Yet there is virtual bipartisan silence on doing anything to bolster the United States’ intellectual property (IP) system after almost two decades of judicial, legislative, and regulatory actions to weaken it. Som"
+0,"What is going on in North Korea? North Korea’s already-fragile economy is ailing as the national lockdown against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) continues. Add to that low crop yields after flood damage last fall, causing Kim Jong Un to warn of food shortages during this lean season. [1] In June, Kim mentioned a “great crisis” in connection with national security and the people’s safety, which he followed up with yet another round of high-level personnel moves in the party—the third of their kind since th"
+0,"To mark the 35th anniversary of the Chornobyl nuclear accident, we are publishing a documentary from the IAEA's archives: the International Chernobyl Project (1991).
+
+The film may look dated now but it tells an important story – of international collaboration and support following the accident.
+
+The film covers a project launched in 1990 at the request of the Government of the Soviet Union to assess the environmental and health situation in the areas impacted by the accident, and to evaluate the measures ta"
+0,"Small modular reactor (SMR) developer NuScale Power has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Xcel Energy Inc to explore the feasibility of Xcel Energy serving as a plant operator at NuScale plants. Portland, Oregon-based is seeking an experienced nuclear plant operator to provide potential customers with operational support.
+
+A NuScale SMR simulator at Corvallis, Oregon (Image: NuScale)
+
+The MoU will see the two parties examine the potential for Xcel to become NuScale's preferred partner to provi"
+0,"Overview
+
+Opened for signature: 1 July 1968
+Entered into force: 5 March 1970
+Duration: Indefinite (extended in 1995)
+Depositaries: Russia, UK, and US
+States Parties: 191
+
+Resources
+
+The NPT is a multilateral treaty aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons including three elements: (1) non-proliferation, (2) disarmament, and (3) peaceful use of nuclear energy. These elements constitute a “grand bargain” between the five nuclear weapon states and the non-nuclear weapon states.
+
+1. States without nuclea"
+0,"The Europe, Russia, and Eurasia program produces forward-looking analyses on transatlantic relations and political developments across Europe, Eurasia, and Turkey.
+
+The Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program’s work seeks to develop a deeper understanding of Europe’s political, security, and economic evolution and its future role in the world; geopolitical developments in the circumpolar Arctic; the implications of Russia’s foreign and defense policies for transatlantic security; and political and economic deve"
+0,"Overview
+
+The Joint Convention was adopted on 5 September 1997 at a Diplomatic Conference convened by the IAEA at its headquarters from 1-5 September 1997. It was opened for signature at the IAEA General Conference on 29 September 1997. Pursuant to Article 40, the Joint Convention entered into force 90 days after the date of deposit with the IAEA of the 25 th instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, including the instruments of 15 States possessing operational nuclear power plants.
+
+Convention Pr"
+0,"Radioactive materials which occur naturally and where human activities increase the exposure of people to ionising radiation are known by the acronym 'NORM'.
+NORM results from activities such as burning coal, making and using fertilisers, oil and gas production.
+Uranium mining exposes those involved to NORM in the uranium orebody.
+Radon in homes is one occurrence of NORM which may give rise to concern and action to control it, by ventilation.
+
+All minerals and raw materials contain radionuclides of natural "
+0,"Cold functional testing was completed yesterday at the second reactor of the demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) at Shidaowan in China's Shandong province. Such tests have already been completed at the plant's first unit.
+
+The aim of the cold tests is to verify the reactor's primary loop system and equipment as well as the strength and tightness of its auxiliary pipelines under pressure higher than the design pressure. Those at the first reactor of the twin-unit HTR-PM began on "
+0,"An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) team of experts completed a nuclear security advisory mission in Burkina Faso today, which was carried out at the request of its Government.
+
+The scope of the two-week International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS) mission included the legislative and regulatory framework for the security of radioactive material, regulatory practices (licensing, inspections and enforcement) and coordination between all stakeholders involved in nuclear security. The co"
+0,"In the late 1960s China constructed the Yibin Nuclear Fuel Component plant as a part of its “Third Line” efforts to duplicate nuclear weapon research, production, and assembly facilities. [2] The facilities at Yibin produced and processed plutonium for nuclear weapons. [3]
+
+In 1982 the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) set up a pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel fabrication plant at Yibin to supply the Qinshan 1 reactor, and placed operation under CNNC subsidiary China Jianzhong Nuclear Fuel (JNF)"
+0,"Before disposal, nuclear waste needs to be in solid form and resistant to leaching.
+Packaging should be appropriate to the waste and its disposal.
+High-activity waste requires shielding.
+
+Treatment and conditioning processes are used to convert a wide variety of radioactive waste materials into forms that are suitable for their subsequent management, including transportation, storage and final disposal. The principal aims are to:
+
+Minimize the volume of waste requiring management via treatment processes.
+Re"
+0,"The rudiments of Congressional oversight — its legal basis, its functions, and the diverse forms it takes — are concisely described in a newly updated report from the Congressional Research Service.
+
+“Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation…. Congress’s oversight authority derives from its ‘implied’ powers in the Constitution, public laws, and House and Senate rules. It is an integral part of the American "
+0,"Now 10 years ago, several of the world’s leading climatologists and physicists chose to reinvestigate the long-term environmental impacts of nuclear war. The peer-reviewed studies they produced are considered to be the most authoritative type of scientific research, which is subjected to criticism by the international scientific community before final publication in scholarly journals. No serious errors were found in these studies and their findings remain unchallenged.
+
+Alan Robock et al., “Nuclear winter "
+0,"Around 1970 the Soviet Union began to explore and develop ISL deposits in southern Kazakhstan. By 1990, ISL methods had displaced open-pit and underground mining as the predominant uranium production method in southern Kazakhstan. Stepnoye Mining Directorate entered into production in 1978 at the Mynkuduk and Uvanas deposits. Uranium is extracted using a sulfuric acid leachate. [1] During the Soviet era, material from Stepnoye and Tsentralnoye Mining Directorates was processed at the Kara Balta Ore Mining C"
+0,"The last few years have opened fissures in the transatlantic relationship. Even staunch European transatlanticists like Carl Bildt talk about how to reduce reliance on the United States, and the French see events as an opportunity to further their long-standing aim for a European security architecture independent from the United States. These strains shouldn’t be overstated—President Biden’s office has been greeted by goodwill (and relief) —but the United States also shouldn’t assume automatic European supp"
+0,"Polish chemicals group Synthos and energy group ZE PAK have signed an investment agreement to explore the construction of four to six BWRX-300 small modular reactors (SMRs) at the site of ZE PAK's Pątnów coal-fired power plant in central Poland. Synthos, which has exclusive rights in the country for GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy's (GEH's) small nuclear reactors, will participate in the project as both an investor and the technology provider.
+
+Under the agreement, the companies intend to cooperate by establishin"
+0,"Last week, we published Trust & Verify No. 163. In the lead article, I write about science diplomacy as a concept and exemplifies this by looking at some relatively recent VERTIC experiences. Science diplomacy is starting to become studied in depth by the European Union, through Horizon 2020 and its S4D4C project.
+
+Science diplomacy is engrained in arms control, and especially so in verification. However, much work remains to bring it into an accepted multilateral framework.
+
+Science: a Force Multiplier for"
+0,"Power company Eskom has already filed two site applications
+
+South Africa’s energy regulator has backed a long-term government plan to build new nuclear power units, a move that could help see the construction of new nuclear reactors as part of the government’s drive to end power shortages and decarbonise electricity generation."
+0,"The United States reduced carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from the electricity sector by 40 percent between 2005 and 2020 as natural gas, wind, and solar replaced coal. President Biden wants to slash emissions further by 2030 and eliminate them by 2035. But to meet this goal, the country can no longer rely on the main lever it has deployed so far to reduce emissions—switching from coal to gas. Instead, the rate of decarbonization will depend on new solar or wind facilities being cheaper to construct that it"
+0,"Emerging markets such as China and India to lead way with new reactors coming online in 2021
+
+Electricity generation from nuclear reactors decreased by around 4% in 2020 – the largest decline since the aftermath of the Fukushima-Daiichi accident in 2011 – but is set for a partial rebound in 2021 as up to 10 new reactors could be connected to the grid, including four in China, an International Energy Agency report says."
+0,"Nuclear reactors generated a total 2553 TWh of electricity in 2020, down from 2657 TWh in 2019, according to the latest World Nuclear Performance Report released by the World Nuclear Association. Despite the small decline, the Association's Director General, Sama Bilbao y León, said ""the resilience and flexibility shown by the global nuclear fleet tell a very positive story.""
+
+World nuclear electricity production, 1970-2020 (Image: World Nuclear Association)
+
+The decrease in nuclear output was strongly infl"
+0,"The Movie in Our Heads
+
+The Vietnam veteran is perhaps the most mythologized figure to emerge from the war. Some three million men and women served in Vietnam. Most are in their 50’s now. Many veterans object to what they consider myths perpetuated about them by the media, but don’t agree on what those myths are.
+
+THE VIETNAM WAR – and the deep divide over its meaning – is seemingly hard-wired into the soul and psyche of America. Duluth, Minnesota, the small Lake Superior port city, is a long way from Saigo"
+0,"The Swedish government must make a decision on the application to construct a final high-level waste repository and not consider it separately from that for an expansion of the existing Clab interim repository for used fuel, write World Nuclear Association's Director General Sama Bilbao y León and Public Affairs Manager John Lindberg. Dividing the applications, they say, is a political game of 'Fox and Geese' that is extremely unworthy of an established democracy like Sweden.
+
+Sama Bilbao y León and John Li"
+0,"History and Reconciliation
+
+The conflict that the Vietnamese called “The American War” ended on April 30, 1975, when North Vietnamese troops captured the capitol city of South Vietnam, Saigon.
+
+The famous picture of a US evacuation helicopter pulling away from a rooftop in Saigon left many Americans with mixed emotions: shame, anger, relief. But what about our former enemy? It was hard to know. The US lost the war, so there were none of the ties that usually reunite former enemies. No period of occupation, "
+0,"Joseph Felter underscores the importance of rigorous data and scholarship in understanding violent conflict and reducing casualties. He brought scholars into the field when he was deployed overseas and he draws on this experience to give his Stanford students a first-hand look into challenges facing the U.S. military.
+
+Special forces veteran and Stanford scholar Joseph Felter will never forget when U.S. Army General Stanley McChrystal was briefed on a study Felter had co-authored concluding that civilian ca"
+0,"When they showed up to their respective classrooms – at the time, Crenshaw was at Wesleyan University teaching a course on decision making and foreign policy; Zegart at UCLA – they found them packed. There were more students in the lecture hall for Crenshaw’s course than were enrolled.
+
+Students – horrified and trying to make sense of what was happening – sought clarity and comfort from their teachers, who just happened to be experts on the issues that would come to define the next two decades of U.S. domes"
+0,"Preparations have begun for the construction of the fourth unit at Turkey's Akkuyu nuclear power plant, Akkuyu Nuclear has confirmed, with excavations for the reactor building, turbine hall, auxiliary reactor building and other main facilities now under way. Separately, Netherlands-based geotechnical survey company Fugro has completed a complex 6-month offshore site characterisation project on the Sinop peninsula - a prospective site for a second nuclear power plant - on behalf of Turkish utility EUAS Inter"
+0,"Summary
+
+Russia’s strategy in the Mediterranean is an integral part of its strategy for the wider European theater, which has long been the principal arena of its foreign policy triumphs and setbacks. Europe’s dominant position on Russia’s foreign policy agenda is a product of its strategic culture, which is in turn shaped by geography, historical legacy, and an elite worldview that considers the West a threat to the domestic political order. It is impossible to understand Russia’s current posture in the Me"
+0,"Anticipation of another financial crisis is growing steadily a decade after the 2008 crash. It is anyone’s guess as to the cause of the next financial crisis, but with political tensions rising and severe climate change events occurring evermore frequently, the range of destabilizing factors continues to grow. This dinner will begin a conversation on the likely causes of the next financial crisis and what reforms will be needed to construct a robust financial system for a world deeply affected by climate ch"
+0,"Summary
+
+The ongoing dispute over the impact of U.S. missile defense on China presents a major and growing challenge to the U.S.-China security relationship. If Beijing’s concerns are left unaddressed, they will likely fuel more intensive Chinese efforts to modernize its nuclear forces and other strategic capabilities. Amid rising great power competition, this dispute and its consequences could severely undermine bilateral strategic stability. Finger pointing has done no good, as the perception gap between "
+0,"The future of technology policy in Europe will be affected by growing nationalism and protectionism, cyber and national security threats, and great power rivalries. The Program on Democracy and the Internet invites you to a technology policy discussion led by International Policy Director, Marietje Schaake with opening remarks from the Minister-Counsellor at the Delegation of the EU to the US, Peter Fatelnig. Join us on September 16th from 9 AM - 12 PM PST (6 PM - 9 PM CET), as we dive into conversations on"
+0,"With so much going on daily across the agency, we’re sharing some of the key highlights that you might have missed. Learn how DOE has been moving the needle to deliver innovative solutions to Build Back Better and tackle climate change, while promoting energy justice.
+
+Innovation Across America
+
+Video Url
+
+On August 15-16, U.S. Secretary of Energy Jennifer M. Granholm toured parts of Alaska with U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski. The Secretary’s visit highlighted how the investments from the bipartisan Infrastruc"
+0,"First tests have been carried out at the Leningrad nuclear power station in Russia using a virtual reality simulator for training key maintenance personnel, state nuclear operator Rosenergoatom said.
+
+The virtual reality simulator allows trainees to “see” equipment and to work on it in a safe environment. It allows trainees to experience the consequences of errors without any impact in the real world.
+
+The Leningrad station is the first pilot site in Russia where the technique is being tested. Until now, pe"
+0,"The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) has been installed at unit 1 of the Akkuyu nuclear power plant under construction in Turkey. Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom, which is constructing four VVER-1200 reactors at the site in Mersin province, described the milestone as ""one of the key stages in the main equipment assembly"".
+
+Prior to the installation of the RPV, the core catcher was mounted at unit 1, concreting of the support and thrust trusses was carried out, and dry shielding and thermal insulation"
+0,"The United States faces several challenges in engaging China on climate change. The bilateral relationship is more complex and adversarial than it was during the negotiation of the Paris Agreement in 2015, making it hard to disentangle climate from the numerous disputes between the two countries. China has also tried to brand itself as a leader on climate and is less willing to do anything that might be seen as kowtowing to U.S. pressure. A “deal” between the United States and China might be hard to reach b"
+0,"The International Roundtable on the Future of Thermal Coal will bring together a group of carefully selected energy and resource sector policymakers, research experts, labor representatives, and industry leaders to discuss the challenges entailed with coal transition in a number of key countries and regions. Insights from policymakers and leaders that have made or committed to transition will help ground the conversation in practical experience. The dialogue will help stakeholders facing similar challenges "
+0,"I wish to thank the Commission for its invitation to speak at this hearing today. The matter that it has chosen to discuss, the role of military-civil fusion (MCF) in China’s nuclear defense, is important and timely. In these brief remarks I will outline the main points presented in my written statement that has been made available to the Commission to explain why and to what extent China’s peaceful nuclear technology development matters in considering MCF.
+
+China began pursuing nuclear science applications"
+0,"Mention Italy to any North Korean and they will almost certainly bring up the 1966 World Cup, when the DPRK shocked “The Blue” to reach the quarterfinals."
+0,"In July 1999, the China Aerospace Corporation was divided into two organizations: the China Aerospace Machinery and Electronics Corporation (CAMEC) and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). In 2002, CAMEC was renamed China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC). [3] CASIC was broken off from CASC as part of the government's effort to reform China's defense industry by loosening the state's control over enterprise operation and by trying to inject some degree of competiti"
+0,"President Joe Biden has assumed command of the U.S. nuclear arsenal at a particularly turbulent time. The Trump administration, consistent with former President Donald Trump’s own fixation on the destructiveness of nuclear weapons, accelerated programs to develop a new generation of warheads and delivery vehicles, sought a new low-yield warhead and a new sea-launched cruise missile, and added vague new language to U.S. declaratory policy that expanded the role of nuclear weapons in deterring nonnuclear atta"
+0,"As a founding member of NTI’s Communications team, has played a critical role in advancing NTI’s public education and outreach mission. As NTI’s media liaison, she has supported all of the organization's signature initiatives, including the successful development of an IAEA low-enriched uranium bank in Kazakhstan and the film Last Best Chance, a fictional account of Al-Qaeda operatives obtaining nuclear weapons and weapons material. Gwin also served as the primary film liaison for Nuclear Tipping Point, a d"
+0,"Following the withdrawal of most U.S. forces from Afghanistan, the Taliban has made rapid advances across stretches of the country, seizing many provincial capitals from the embattled Afghan government in Kabul. This may appear to be a welcome development for the Taliban’s backers in neighboring Pakistan. But the ensuing fallout could complicate matters.
+
+How do Pakistani leaders view the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan?
+
+Pakistani military leaders, the country’s de facto rulers, would have likely preferre"
+0,"Eighteen months since the pandemic began, this event will assess how the pandemic and response measures are exacerbating instability and will identify solutions to strengthen conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and democracy. The event will showcase findings of a recent Mercy Corps report based on extensive field research in Nigeria, Colombia, and Afghanistan as well as ongoing analysis by Carnegie experts.
+
+Carnegie Interim President Thomas Carothers, Mercy Corps Chief Executive Officer Tjada McKenna, and "
+0,"Reports about a missile base under construction at ""Yong'ŏ-dong"" (용어동) in the central northern region near Mt. Paektu originated with a defector who fled to Japan. However, ""Yong'ŏ-dong"" is an incorrect name for the location "" Yŏngjŏ-ri."" According to Kenki Aoyama, Kim Il Sung ordered the evacuation of all citizens from the area in 1993 for the construction of a missile base, and construction began by the mid-1990s in the area between Kungmangbong and Mujungbong near Yŏngjŏ-ri. During the construction perio"
+0,"Sweden's Studsvik has signed a contract worth SEK134 million (USD16 million) with Norway's Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) for loading equipment, transport, handling equipment, examination and pre-treatment of nuclear fuel from the JEEP I research reactor at Kjeller. The fuel is currently held in an ageing storage facility at the site which does not meet current requirements.
+
+JEEP I was the first reactor in the Nordic region, built in partnership with the Netherlands. The heavy-water research reactor"
+0,"Summary
+
+India is primarily an agrarian society. More than 60 percent of its population is dependent on agriculture and allied services and dwells in rural areas. In the past couple of decades, India has attempted to shift away from its rural-agrarian base toward an urban-industrialized economy. In this journey, it encountered many challenges, but none remain as severe and persistent as the ones related to the assignment and balancing of land and property rights. Land governance in India remains historicall"
+0,"America has been the undisputed global leader in science and technology over the past century. But this global order is in flux. China’s extensive investments and years of strategic planning—including strengthening its intellectual property (IP) regimes—have enabled it to catch up to, and in some areas surpass, our capabilities in artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies. Congress is mulling over legislative proposals to counter China’s economic and geopolitical ambitions for technologic"
+0,"The recent exodus of diplomats from Pyongyang underlines the DPRK’s long-standing suspicions toward foreigners
+
+Image: NK News (file) | A North Korean soldier exits an Air Koryo flight in Samjiyon, Ryanggang Province, May 3, 2010"
+0,"Geospatial analysts face decisions in their work that can directly or indirectly cause harm to individuals, organizations, institutions, and society. Though analysts may try to do the right thing, such ethically-informed decisions can be complex and problematic. This is particularly true for analysts working on issues related to nuclear nonproliferation or international security, whose decisions on whether or not to share or publish certain findings could have far-reaching consequences. These experts may no"
+0,"For decades, American presidents have said that North Korea cannot have nuclear weapons. And for decades, North Korea has continued adding more to its arsenal.
+
+Estimates of North Korea’s capabilities vary: Informed estimates vary from as few as 10 to as many as 116. Truly fearsome are estimates of what might come. The Rand Corporation and Asan Institute recently warned that by 2027 North Korea could have close to 250 nuclear weapons and “several dozen intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and hundred"
+0,"The Wall Street Journal
+January 28, 2003, p. A16.
+
+Imagine this: Hans Blix, the 74-year-old Swedish lawyer who now serves as chief U.N. weapons inspector in Iraq, after drawing himself up to his full height, declares: “I’m not taking it anymore.”
+
+After being fooled in the 1980s (when Saddam ran a secret A-bomb program under the noses of Mr. Blix’s inspectors at the International Atomic Energy Agency) and fooled again in the 1990s (when Saddam destroyed entire buildings to hide evidence of bomb making) and "
+0,"Ukraine and the USA have agreed to ""deepen and intensify"" their strategic cooperation in energy. Nuclear power leads a suite of agreements with a project to complete Khmelnitsky unit 4, followed up with four new AP1000 units at a total value of USD30 billion.
+
+Agreements signed in Washington DC yesterday signalled ""a new chapter of climate and energy cooperation with Ukraine,"" US Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said. Her counterpart, the energy minister of Ukraine Herman Halushchenko, said, ""We have comm"
+0,"United Arab Emirates nuclear operator Nawah Energy Company has successfully completed fuel loading for Unit 2 of the Barakah nuclear power station near Ruwais, Abu Dhabi, a statement by the company said."
+0,"Fossil fuels receive indirect subsidies in their waste disposal as well as some direct subsidies.
+Nuclear energy fully accounts for its waste disposal and decommissioning costs in financial evaluations.
+External costs should be considered in evaluating energy sources.
+
+Externalities are effects which arise from electricity generation and which are not factored into any narrow economic consideration of the enterprise.
+
+In particular, external costs are those actually incurred in relation to health and the en"
+0,"The challenge of achieving the Paris Agreement temperature goal of 1.5°C requires new policy options, one of which is sustainable consumption. While there is increased recognition of sustainable consumption solutions, there is not a lot of understanding on how to act on it. Six priorities stand out as immediate steps for bringing it onto the climate agenda.
+
+Sustainable consumption is a demand-side approach that involves widespread lifestyle and behavior changes and, when combined with traditional supply-si"
+0,"The possibility that nuclear weapons could be used in regional or global conflicts is growing, said a newly disclosed Pentagon doctrinal publication on nuclear war fighting that was updated last year.
+
+“Despite concerted US efforts to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in international affairs and to negotiate reductions in the number of nuclear weapons, since 2010 no potential adversary has reduced either the role of nuclear weapons in its national security strategy or the number of nuclear weapons it fiel"
+0,"The part of Earth's surface lying north of the Arctic Circle encompasses an area of 7.7 million square miles, of which 70 percent is open or ice-covered ocean. Only eight nations possess territory or territorial waters in this region: the United States (because of Alaska), Canada, Russia, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Denmark (because of Greenland). A mere 4 million people inhabit the Arctic. Indigenous people make up about 10 percent of the total, spread across two dozen ethnolinguistic groups (e.g."
+0,"Almost one year ago, the world entered its first Covid-19 lockdowns and political protesters nearly vanished from the streets. During those first months, protesters experimented with online activism, drive-by and drive-in events, and other forms of socially distanced engagement. But, as one of us wrote last April, it was apparent that mass protests would rapidly return despite the exceptional public health situation. The negative effects of Covid-19 actively aggravated the principal grievances that had brou"
+0,"This timetable estimates how soon Iran could produce the fuel for a small nuclear arsenal. It assumes Iran would try to build an arsenal of five warheads of the implosion type – the goal Iran set for itself when it began to work on nuclear weapons decades ago. With its thousands of gas centrifuges, some operating and some in storage, Iran can enrich uranium to a grade suitable for nuclear reactor fuel or to a higher grade suitable for nuclear weapons. On January 5, 2020, Iran announced that it would no long"
+0,"Moscow is backing ambitious plans to use new SMR technology in country’s far east
+
+Russia has announced two significant agreements in its drive to use small modular reactor technology to bring reliable power to isolated areas in the country’s far east."
+1,"An upcoming report of the United Nations Panel of Experts (PoE) on North Korea, established pursuant to Resolution 1874, offers insight into North Korea’s ongoing ballistic missile and nuclear activities.
+
+According to an unfinalized draft of the panel’s newest report seen by NK Pro, North Korea has continued to maintain its missile and nuclear programs despite Kim Jong Un’s openness about the worsening internal economic situation in the country.
+
+The upcoming report covers a limited time period, building l"
+0,"Summary
+
+For decades, economic diversification has been a policy priority for low- and middle-income economies. In the words of former managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Christine Lagarde, “We know that economic diversification is good for growth. Diversification is also tremendously important for resilience.” Unfortunately, this goal continues to elude many African countries. In fact, the continent is home to eight of the world’s fifteen least economically diversified countries. Th"
+0,"When the Covid-19 pandemic struck early in 2020, fear began to mount around global food supply chains. Supermarket shortages in the United States—driven by panic buying and the retooling of supply chains from institutions and restaurants to retail vendors—prompted early fears of food price spikes domestically, while virus containment measures and uncertainty regarding global commodity trade sparked concern globally.
+
+Parallels were quickly drawn to the 2007–08 global food price crisis, as some countries beg"
+0,"Rosatom announced yesterday it has extended the service life of unit 1 of its Balakovo nuclear power plant in the Saratov region of Russia by using thermal annealing on the VVER-1000's reactor pressure vessel. The Russian state nuclear corporation said it was a global first for the industry to anneal a large-capacity RPV and that the technology could extend the service lives of VVER-1000 units around the world by up to 30 years.
+
+Annealing of the RPV of Balakovo unit 1 (Image: Rosatom)
+
+The technology used "
+0,"The Issue
+
+The People’s Bank of China (PBOC), which oversees the world’s largest financial system, struggles to effectively communicate with market actors, domestic and foreign. Yi Gang, the current governor of the PBOC, despite being more reticent than his counterparts around the world, has spoken on more public occasions than his predecessor. As a result of Yi’s personal interest as well as changes in the PBOC’s communications strategy, the bank has gained greater public visibility. However, this recent a"
+0,"On August 9, 2020 citizens in the Republic of Belarus went to the polls to vote for their next president. The incumbent was Alexander Lukashenko, a 67-year-old military officer who has kept an iron grip on the presidency for the entire 26 years Bealrus has held elections. But the challenger was an unexpected, new face. Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya is a 38-year-old English teacher, mother and pro-democracy activist who stepped into a campaign following her husband's arrest and imprisonment in May 2020 for politi"
+0,"A Team of Their Own: How an International Sisterhood Made Olympic History
+By Seth Berkman. Hanover Square Press, October 2019. 384 pp.
+
+Seth Berkman’s A Team of Their Own: How an International Sisterhood Made Olympic History is the backstory of how a Korean women’s ice hockey team ended up on the front pages of the world’s newspapers rather than buried deep in the sports pages. Berkman started following the South Korean national team in their training camp in Duluth, Minnesota in January 2017, as they prepa"
+0,"Facility could begin commercial operation this year
+
+The first batch of nuclear fuel has been loaded at the demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) at Shidaowan, in Shandong province, eastern China, China Huaneng said."
+0,"Chinese customs data list medicine exports for the first time since last September
+
+Medicine appeared in Chinese customs data on exports to North Korea for the first time this year, making it the DPRK’s second-most-imported item after tires, in what one expert described as a possible sign that authorities are seeking to address health problems in the country.
+
+Among the paltry $16.8 million worth of goods that went from China to North Korea in July, tires used on buses or trucks took up more than 28% of the"
+0,"During an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel on October 31, U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld suggested that it is European governments, not the United States, that are responsible for the lingering deployment of U.S. nuclear bombs in Europe. Rather than defending the mission of the weapons, Rumsfeld said: “Some European countries in Europe made the decision to allow them to be on the continent. It was seen to be in their interest and is still seen that way today.”"
+0,"The Auschwitz Institute for Peace and Reconciliation, the Stanley Center and the American University of Paris George and Irina Schaeffer Center for the Study of Genocide, Human Rights and Conflict Prevention, will host a symposium on “Integrating Prevention and Building Resilience in a Challenging Political Environment” in Paris, France, on November 12–16, 2019.
+
+The symposium will provide an opportunity for alumni of the Raphael Lemkin Seminar for Genocide Prevention and other experts in the field to defin"
+0,"Syria allegedly constructed the Marj as-Sultan facility for the conversion of uranium yellowcake into uranium tetrafluoride (UF4). If such allegations are correct, the facility ""could have been related to the process of making fuel for the planned Al- Kibar reactor."" [1] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards reports have repeatedly mentioned three sites in Syria as ""allegedly functionally related"" to the Al-Kibar site, without providing any additional details about these facilities. [2] These"
+0,"New Scientist
+August 17, 1991, p. 26-30
+
+In an historic accord last November, Argentina and Brazil agreed not to produce nuclear weapons and pledged to open their secret nuclear sites to mutual inspections. The accord. the first by two developing countries that are not signatories to the 1970 nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, sets a powerful precedent for other areas where the prospect of the spread of nuclear weapons is amplifying local tensions. The agreement suggests that non-NPT countries can move towar"
+0,"Mexico has two nuclear reactors generating almost 4% of its electricity.
+Its first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in 1989.
+There is some government support for expanding nuclear energy to reduce reliance on natural gas, but recent low gas prices have overshadowed this.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 336 TWh
+
+Generation mix: natural gas 202 TWh (60%); oil 35.2 TWh (10%); hydro 32.6 TWh (10%); coal 29.1 TWh (9%); nuclear 13.7 TWh (4%); wind 12.9 TWh (4%); geothermal 5.3 TWh"
+0,"Executive Director (Acting), Larry MacFaul spoke on Thursday 26 August at the Joint INMM-ESARDA Meeting in a session on “Contributions of NGOs to Nuclear Materials Management” where he discussed the role of VERTIC in supporting nuclear agreements.
+
+Titled, “Supporting international nuclear agreements: VERTIC’s role across verification, implementation and compliance“, this presentation illustrates the role of VERTIC’s three programmes that work across these issues."
+0,"Bulgaria has two nuclear reactors generating about one-third of its electricity.
+Bulgaria's first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in 1974.
+Government commitment to the future of nuclear energy is strong.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 46.8 TWh
+
+Generation mix: coal 18.7 TWh (40%); nuclear 16.1 TWh (34%); hydro 5.4 TWh (12%); biofuels & waste 1.6 TWh (3%); solar 1.3 TWh (2%); wind 1.3 TWh (2%).
+
+Import/export balance: 7.8 TWh net export
+
+Total consumption: 30.0 TWh
+
+Per cap"
+1,"There have been limits on reactor lifetimes since the Fukushima-Daiichi accident
+
+Japan is considering extending the maximum operational lifetime for its commercial nuclear reactors beyond 60 years due to anticipated public opposition to the construction of new plants, local press reports said, quoting sources close to the matter."
+0,"Whether Americans plan to vote for him or not, Donald Trump may be Moon Jae-in’s pick for the U.S. presidency, according to experts and former officials who spoke with NK News.
+
+After all, in 2018, the South Korean president managed to bring Trump and Kim Jong Un together for two summits and one Panmunjom meeting, adding to the milestone inter-Korean agreements signed that year."
+0,"The White House has reappointed Rod Ewing, the Frank Stanton Professor in Nuclear Security at CISAC, as chairman of the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board.
+
+“Our nation will be greatly served by the talent and expertise these individuals bring to their new roles,” President Barack Obama said in a news release about Ewing and other nominations to key administration posts.
+
+Ewing was first appointed by Obama in 2012 to chair the technical review board, which is responsible for overseeing the Department of E"
+0,"Once called windmills, the technology used to harness the power of wind has advanced significantly over the past ten years, with the United States increasing its wind power capacity 30% year over year. Wind turbines, as they are now called, collect and convert the kinetic energy that wind produces into electricity to help power the grid.
+
+Wind energy is actually a byproduct of the sun. The sun’s uneven heating of the atmosphere, the earth’s irregular surfaces (mountains and valleys), and the planet's revolu"
+0,"Over 170 representatives from Central Asia, the Caucasus, Eastern and Western Europe, the United States, various international organisations and NGOs (WHO, OIE, IFBA, EBSA, UNICRI, UNOG, ISTC, VERTIC), participated in a biosafety and biosecurity conference in Tashkent, Uzbekistan last week.
+
+Over 170 representatives from Central Asia, the Caucasus, Eastern and Western Europe, the United States, various international organisations and NGOs (WHO, OIE, IFBA, EBSA, UNICRI, UNOG, ISTC, VERTIC), participated in a"
+0,"Beijing rejects evidence from documentary due to 'illegitimate means' used in production
+
+Image: Image: Piraya Film & Wingman Media | An image from “The Mole” showing one of the weapons that a North Korean company offered to sell to a man posing as a Scandinavian weapons dealer
+
+U.N. investigators should not use a Danish-made documentary about North Korea sanctions violations as a “credible source” for inquiry, China has reportedly told the U.N. Panel of Experts (PoE).
+
+China articulated its position about "
+0,"Armed drones are the leading edge of ""emerging technologies of violence"" - technologies and weapons designed to make killing more remote and that lower the threshold for their use. Drones have been catastrophic for civilian causalities inside and outside of conflict, and have enabled the growing practice of extrajudicial killing, in violation of international law. Reaching Critical Will opposes the use of armed drones and works to highlight the humanitarian suffering they cause as well as their impacts on i"
+0,"This page is no longer being updated
+
+Overview
+
+Signed: New Delhi, August 19, 1992
+
+Signed in 1992, the Agreement provided for ""the complete prohibition of chemical weapons"". It also included a commitment for not developing, possessing or using chemical weapons, as well as not assisting, encouraging or inducing, in any way, anyone to engage in the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling or use of chemical weapons. Furthermore, the agreement committed both governments to become regional signatories"
+0,"On March 31, 2021, the Akouta mine in Niger operated by COMINAK ceased production after over 40 years of service and 75,000 metric tons of uranium extracted. The shutdown of mining activities was decided on by the COMINAK Board of Directors on October 23, 2019 in response to the depletion of the deposit.
+
+Philippe Knoche, Chief Executive Officer of Orano, was in Niger to pay homage to everyone at COMINAK who enabled the mine to stay in operation for nearly half a century. A new stage is now beginning for CO"
+0,"Deliberately or by happenstance, Seoul has enjoyed valuable face time with senior diplomats representing two major players in the Korean security crisis this week, while also fostering direct contact between them."
+0,"The Central Intelligence Agency has selectively declined to publish on its web site at least three unclassified reports produced by the Center for the Study of Intelligence that present an unflattering picture of the Agency, US News reported this week.
+
+See “A Tangled Web Woven,” by David E. Kaplan, US News and World Report, January 30, 2006."
+0,"From 2005 to 2018, the United States reduced its carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector by 12 percent, but the national average masks wide variation in performance across states. Declines in emissions were dramatic in some states; in others, emissions changed little or even grew. What explains this variation? What might policymakers learn from the states reducing emissions?
+
+To answer these questions, the CSIS Energy Security and Climate Change Program investigated state policies that aim to reduce"
+0,"Africa has considerable mineral deposits, including uranium.
+Exploration and mine development is proceeding in countries which have not hitherto supplied uranium.
+Gabon has been a significant uranium supplier in the past.
+
+Please note:
+The country papers on Namibia, Niger, South Africa should be consulted for information in those areas.
+This paper deals with other countries in Africa where uranium deposits having JORC or NI 43-101 compliant resources are known or understood to exist.
+
+Algeria
+
+A lot of uran"
+0,"Please join us for a special discussion about UN sanctions on North Korea and the UK-North Korea relations with Ambassador Alastair Morgan, former British Ambassador to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea from December 2015 until December 2018.
+
+Ambassador Morgan is currrently a Visiting Senior Research Fellow in the Department of War Studies, at the Centre for Science and Security Studies (CSSS), and a Tokyo College Ushioda Fellow of the University of Tokyo, affiliated with Tokyo University’s Graduat"
+0,"The process of sliding the arched structure into place to shield the damaged unit 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant started today, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) said. London-based EBRD described the milestone at the plant in Ukraine as ""one of the most ambitious projects in the history of engineering"".
+
+The arch, called the New Safe Confinement (NSC), is the largest moveable land-based structure ever built, with a span of 257m, a length of 162m, a height of 108m and a tota"
+0,"Experts say North Korean malware spread to readers, contradicting DailyNK’s claim that public content was unaffected
+
+Nils Weisensee"
+0,"There is strong interest in small and simpler units for generating electricity from nuclear power, and for process heat.
+This interest in small and medium nuclear power reactors is driven both by a desire to reduce the impact of capital costs and to provide power away from large grid systems.
+The technologies involved are numerous and very diverse.
+
+As nuclear power generation has become established since the 1950s, the size of reactor units has grown from 60 MWe to more than 1600 MWe, with corresponding ec"
+0,"The Rattehalli Rare Materials Plant (RMP) is one of two uranium enrichment facilities in India; the other is located at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center's (BARC) Trombay complex. Construction of the pilot-scale gas centrifuge enrichment facility at Rattehalli (near Mysore, Karnataka) began in the late 1980s, took four years to complete, and began operating sometime in 1990. The plant is operated by Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL), which is a subsidiary of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). The DAE co"
+0,"New data released from the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) show notable declines in key indicators of immunization coverage worldwide over the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The coverage decreases reflected in the WHO-UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC) are significant because even before the pandemic, immunization coverage numbers had plateaued or even declined in some places due to large annual birth cohorts as well as the challenge"
+0,"This commentary is part of the Just Transition Initiative: Solutions to Secure an Inclusive and Sustainable Future. This new partnership project was developed by the Center for Strategic and International Studies’ (CSIS) Energy Security and Climate Change Program and the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) to investigate how to achieve a just transition through the transformational change necessary to address climate change.
+
+To some people, the term “just transition” sounds like a promise—an opportunity to real"
+1,"Officials will travel to nuclear site to discuss project that is likely to last decades
+
+The International Atomic Energy Agency and Japan have agreed to begin an onsite safety review of the water release at the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station in September, marking the beginning of a major cleanup project at the nuclear station that could last decades."
+0,"The database covers:
+
+Reactor specification data (status, location, operator, owner, suppliers, milestone dates) and technical design characteristics.
+Performance data including energy production and energy loss data, outage and operational event information.
+
+Monthly production and power loss data have been recorded in PRIS since 1970 and are complemented by information on nuclear-power generated energy provided to non-electrical applications such as district heating, process heat supply or desalination. I"
+0,"US policy toward North Korea has reached a dead end. Built upon a foundation of dubious assumptions, the Obama administration’s approach—whether called “strategic patience” or by some other name—has failed to achieve any progress toward US objectives in the region and no longer serves US foreign policy and national security interests. During the administration’s time in office, the North’s nuclear and missile threat has expanded, the danger of periodic tensions and unintended escalation on the peninsula has"
+0,"Is it possible to reliably detect persons with malicious intent by remotely measuring their physiological state or studying their involuntary verbal or behavioral signs?
+
+That is a problem that is far from having a technological solution, the JASON science advisory panel told the Department of Defense in a 2008 report that was released under the Freedom of Information Act last week. See Quest for Truth: Deception and Intent Detection, JSR-08-143, October 2008.
+
+Assessing intent is “an enormous challenge for"
+0,"Sustainable + equitable living: are we all on the reality page?
+(and if not, how do we turn it…)
+
+We are familiar with positive visualizations of towns and cities powered by green energy and reduced car use, but climate campaigns are over-optimistic about what equitable living at 1.5°C might look like in terms of shifts in consumption for the world’s relatively wealthy. It means radical reductions in material consumption, but what might we be gaining? Are we all truly on board for the recalibration of consu"
+0,"DPRK loggers earned exorbitant salaries for decades, and many North Koreans still seek to strike it rich abroad"
+0,"Established 20 February 1968, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) is China’s main arm for the research, development, and creation of space satellites. Through its subsidiaries, CAST researches satellite system and structural design, satellite hardware and materials, satellite guidance and control, spacecraft retrieval, remote sensing technology, energy and outer space experimentation. [3]
+
+CAST also designs the payload-carrying satellite buses for the Long March family of rockets, including the DFH-4 w"
+0,"This summer, Carl Gershman, the founding president of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), will retire from his post after almost four decades of extraordinary leadership. Over the course of his service, he built the NED from the ground up and helped extend its influence in support of freedom to millions around the world.
+
+For 40 years, the NED has been a stalwart force for democracy promotion and assistance. In its time, the world has seen significant change. Four decades ago, a little over a third "
+0,"Slovakia's new Mochovce 3 reactor is slated to start up and generate electricity this year with unit 4 following in 2023, according to an energy security report released by the Ministry of Economy. Once it starts up, Mochovce 3 will immediately tip Slovakia's energy balance back to an export footing.
+
+Slovakia is adding significant clean generation capacity in pursuit of the European Union's goals for emissions reductions for its member states. The ministry said it expects 670 MWe of solar and 497 MWe of wi"
+0,"Since the 'oil shocks' of the early 1970s, energy security has been a high priority in energy policy for many countries.
+With uncertain fuel prices it is also a factor for utilities in making investment decisions.
+
+When the price of oil on world markets increased dramatically in 1973, several countries which were major energy importers reviewed their energy policies and took steps to reduce their vulnerability to political and economic uncertainties. France embarked upon a major program of nuclear power con"
+0,"In exclusive interview, Choi Moon-soon also says anti-DPRK leaflets are ‘ineffective’ and threaten local citizens’ lives
+
+Image: NK News | Choi Moon-soon in an interview with NK News at Jeongseon Forum, Aug. 18, 2021
+
+The international community should reconsider whether sanctions have achieved any progress toward North Korea’s denuclearization, the South Korean governor of the only province spanning both Koreas told NK News in an exclusive interview.
+
+Speaking to NK News at the Jeongseon Forum on Thursday,"
+0,"The Czech Republic's nuclear sector could deliver up to 75% of the work to construct new reactors at Dukovany and boost GDP by 0.9% during the peak of construction, a government report has concluded. Accordingly, it should be supported and enabled to win more export work, the report said.
+
+""For the development of nuclear energy, which inevitably awaits us after the end of coal combustion in the Czech Republic, it is essential that Czech industry maintain high competencies in the widest possible range of exp"
+0,"With a string of U.S. allies in East Asia wary of China's rising power, the region is a focus of growing security concerns. A key U.S. partner, Taiwan, is in a particularly precarious situation, as Beijing has never abandoned the vision of the island's reunification with mainland China. The Biden administration is taking steps, as it did at the recent NATO Summit, to reassure American allies about the longstanding U.S. commitment to their security, ties that were seriously undermined by President Joe Biden'"
+0,"Summary
+
+Indian Americans are the second-largest immigrant group in the United States. As the number of Indian-origin residents in the United States has swelled north of 4 million, the community’s diversity too has grown.
+
+Today, Indian Americans are a mosaic of recent arrivals and long-term residents. While the majority are immigrants, a rising share is born and raised in the United States. Many Indian immigrants might have brought with them identities rooted in their ancestral homeland, while others have "
+0,"This event was pre-recorded on May 19 from 9:00 – 9:45 AM EDT and will be uploaded to this event page and available for public viewing on May 21.
+
+As a tentative ceasefire between Israel and Hamas takes hold, a significant humanitarian toll remains in Gaza. Airstrikes over the past two weeks severely exacerbated existing humanitarian challenges, damaging water and sanitation systems, as well as critical health infrastructure. This comes at an already challenging time resulting from a spike of Covid-19 infec"
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2231 implements the 2015 nuclear agreement with Iran and imposes missile- and arms-related restrictions. Little-noticed biannual reporting by the UN Secretary General alleges that Iran is repeatedly violating these non-nuclear provisions. Thus far, the United States has responded to such violations with sanctions and designations of Iranian and foreign entities supporting Tehran’s ballistic missile development. However, the UN and its member states h"
+0,"The Shahid Hemmat Industrial Group (SHIG) is responsible for Iran's ballistic missile programs, including the Shahab-3 and Ghadr missiles. [1] In 1997, U.S. satellites picked up a heat signature of a Shahab-3 missile engine close to SHIG's research facility. [2]
+
+SHIG has been cooperating with entities in Russia, China, North Korea and potentially Ukraine. [3] SHIG is a target of UN and U.S. sanctions, and the United States has also sanctioned several Chinese and North Korean entities for their involvement "
+0,"The IAEA Global Nuclear Safety and Security Network is both a human network and a web platform, allowing its members to share nuclear safety and security knowledge and services to further the goal of achieving worldwide implementation of a high level of nuclear safety and security.
+
+The Network is a key support element of the Global Nuclear Safety and Security Framework, which has the objective to achieve and maintain a high level of safety and security at nuclear facilities and activities around the world."
+0,"Regular electricity production now scheduled for March 2022
+
+Finnish power company Teollisuuden Voima Oyj announced on Friday it had received information from plant supplier the Areva-Siemens that regular electricity production of the Olkiluoto-3 EPR plant will be postponed for a month due to extra turbine overhaul and inspection works."
+0,"Report points to ‘lack of central planning’ and need for more facilities
+
+New cancer treatments are being developed using the radioisotope lutetium-177 (Lu-a77), but production will need to be scaled up and the threat of potential shortages dealt with alongside continued investment in new irradiation facilities."
+0,"The former Centrifuge Complex site at Oak Ridge in Tennessee is now ready for industrial development. The complex was one of the final collections of buildings to be demolished last year as workers completed the first-ever cleanup of a former uranium enrichment complex. The footprint of the former facility is earmarked for the construction of a proposed regional airport at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP).
+
+The former enrichment site as it looks today (Image: EM)
+
+A large concrete slab covering mor"
+0,"Over the course of U.S. history, twenty Members of Congress have been expelled by their colleagues. Most of those cases were based on charges of disloyalty to the United States in the early Civil War period. Two of them followed convictions on charges of public corruption, most recently in 2002.
+
+A new report from the Congressional Research Service surveys the history of congressional expulsions and the related case law. See Expulsion of Members of Congress: Legal Authority and Historical Practice by Cynthi"
+0,"There is a growing understanding that supply side policies, technologies, and investments alone may not deliver the needed reductions in emissions to meet the 1.5° C goal. With disruptive innovations and business models on the horizon, there are enormous opportunities to shape future consumption patterns in ways that will have significant implications for both emissions reductions and broader sustainability goals. Achieving this will require new forms of collaboration among governments, cities, businesses, "
+0,"Ask Live Questions Here
+
+The event will be webcast live from this page.
+
+Please join us for a special discussion on the U.S.-ROK alliance with Representatives Ami Bera (D-CA) and Young Kim (R-CA). They led the eight-member Congressional Study Group on Korea trip to Seoul in July 2021, where they met with Korean and U.S. officials to discuss the latest situation on the Korean Peninsula.
+
+Congressman Ami Bera (photo credit: https://bera.house.gov/about) has represented California’s 7th Congressional District "
+0,"NEW DELHI – Carnegie India announced today that Mr. Vijay Gokhale has joined their team as a nonresident senior fellow.
+
+Mr. Gokhale retired from the Indian Foreign Service in January 2020 after a diplomatic career that spanned thirty-nine years. From January 2018 to January 2020, he served as the foreign secretary of India.
+
+""I and the Carnegie India team are delighted and honored that Mr. Gokhale is joining us,” said Rudra Chaudhuri, director, Carnegie India. “His invaluable experience in government and d"
+0,"VERTIC participated in the 24th Conference of States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention this week. The Convention’s States Parties gather in The Hague, the Netherlands every year for this conference to oversee the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, promote the Convention’s objectives, and review compliance with the treaty."
+0,"Four first-of-a-kind 3D-printed fuel assembly channel fasteners have been installed and are now under routine operating conditions at unit 2 of the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA's) Browns Ferry nuclear power plant in Alabama. The components were produced at the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Manufacturing Demonstration Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
+
+Channel fasteners secure the fuel channel to the fuel assembly. These have traditionally been fabricated from castings and requir"
+0,"Synthos Green Energy (SGE) has signed a cooperation agreement with Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation (USNC) to assess the feasibility of the micro modular reactor (MMR) plant design to generate carbon-free hydrogen, heat, and power for use in SGE’s chemical plants. SGE is part of Synthos SA Capital Group, which includes Synthos SA, a chemical manufacturer based in Poland, with operations in the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, and France. The aim is for the MMR Energy System to replace existing plants that use"
+0,"The newly created Sprott Physical Uranium Trust has begun trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange after Sprott Asset Management LP, a wholly owned subsidiary of precious metals and real assets investments company Sprott Inc, completed a previously announced transaction with Uranium Participation Corporation (UPC).
+
+(Image: Cameco)
+
+Sprott Asset Management earlier this year entered into a definitive agreement to convert uranium investment company UPC to convert into the Sprott Physical Uranium Trust and pursue"
+0,"Since the 1970’s, the United States has led many major initiatives on international anticorruption efforts. Now, the Biden-Harris Administration has made combating corruption, including kleptocracy, curbing illicit finance, and holding corrupt actors accountable, a core focus of its national and foreign policy agenda. CSIS has been a strong partner with the U.S. government, supporting research efforts aimed at identifying and rooting out corruption. With this month’s UN General Assembly Special Session spec"
+1,"An International Atomic Energy Agency team completed a two-month review today of Japan’s plans and activities to decommission the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station, highlighting considerable achievements over the past decade, but warning that significant challenges remain and further planning efforts are needed for the entire process, which could take up to 30 years."
+0,"Nuclear industry has long highlighted role reactors can play
+
+Clean hydrogen, which can be produced in nuclear power plants, is becoming an increasingly important element in supporting Europe’s energy transition and economic recovery, with a targeted increase in electrolyser capacity of 40 gigawatts by 2030, a report by S&P Global Ratings said."
+0,"The United States reduced carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from the electricity sector by 40 percent between 2005 and 2020 as natural gas, wind, and solar replaced coal. President Biden wants to slash emissions further by 2030 and eliminate them by 2035. But to meet this goal, the country can no longer rely on the main lever it has deployed so far to reduce emissions—switching from coal to gas. Instead, the rate of decarbonization will depend on new solar or wind facilities being cheaper to construct that it"
+0,"VERTIC to host a seminar during the 2019 Preparatory Committee for the 2020 NPT Review Conference. Co-hosted with UNODA, the seminar will examine the role of verification in multilateral arms control.
+
+On 24 May 2018, the UN Secretary-General published ‘Securing our Common Future: Agenda for Disarmament.’ In this document, the Secretary-General stated his intention to ‘re-energize nuclear disarmament discussions’ focusing on ways to prepare for a world free of nuclear weapons. With this in mind, the seminar"
+0,"The Nuclear Decommissioning and Used Fuel Strategy Summit (NDUF2019), one of the largest conferences in the industry, will bring together over 450 decommissioning and used fuel professionals to tackle core challenges with world-class experts, hear about upcoming contracts and opportunities, and meet and form partnerships with new and existing clients and customers.
+
+NDUF2019 will be held at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Charlotte, North Carolina. It will be the largest nuclear decommissioning and used fuel meet"
+0,"The German government and many Germans breathed a sigh of relief when Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump in November. Mr. Trump damaged U.S. relations with its trans-Atlantic allies, and he often targeted Germany and Chancellor Angela Merkel for particular ire. Berlin has welcomed President Biden’s readiness to rebuild U.S.-German and U.S.-European ties.
+
+All to the good, but rebuilding the U.S.-German relationship could well prove more difficult than it first appears. Trump’s four years have left nagging ques"
+0,"Response to Written Questions from Senator Joseph Biden
+by Gary Milhollin
+
+Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control and
+Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin Law School
+
+April 26, 2006
+
+Questions 1 and 2. Are we right, or are we wrong, to seek a new status for India with respect to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty? If we are right, then should we treat India as a nuclear weapons state under the treaty, as a nonnuclear weapons state, or as something in between? If the answer is something"
+0,"This week, the White House called out the Chinese government for conducting or permitting a range of irresponsible behaviors in cyberspace. The statement referenced malicious cyber activities carried out by China’s Ministry of State Security, such as the recent Microsoft Exchange hack, as well as cyber criminal activities by proxy actors affiliated with the Chinese government.
+
+In tandem, the EU, NATO, the other Five Eyes allies (the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada), and Japan all issued similar stat"
+0,"Summary
+
+Disputed nuclear activities, regional proxy wars, and a regime built on discrimination against women and other marginalized groups: Iran hardly seems like a policy field that would be amenable to a feminist approach. Yet this is precisely what the European Union (EU) needs today: fresh thinking to help develop a new strategy toward Iran. Feminist foreign policy critically reflects international power structures, focuses on the needs of all groups of people, and puts human security and human rights "
+0,"Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), deep-learning, and robotics are enabling new military capabilities that will have a disruptive impact on military strategies. The effects of these capabilities will be felt across the spectrum of military requirements—from intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance to offense/defense balances and even on to nuclear weapons systems themselves.
+
+In this package, five top experts in AI and its potential uses in autonomous weapons and sensing systems weigh in on the"
+0,"The Russian government has an arrangement w/cyber-mobs who are active outside Russia: if you hack a Russian system, you’re in trouble. “My guess is that Putin gets a cut,” Herb Lin says."
+0,"The Nuclear Threat Initiative’s 2020 Annual Report, detailing the organization’s accomplishments in reducing global nuclear and biological threats while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, is now available. The report’s title says it all: A Year Like No Other.
+
+As the deadly new coronavirus swept the globe, NTI’s biosecurity team responded swiftly to guide community response while continuing work to lay the groundwork to prevent future pandemics.
+
+And as the pandemic proved that the unthinkable can happen,"
+0,"It's primary function is to breed plutonium and to operate as a source of electricity, district heating, and water desalinization for the city of Aktau. [1]
+
+The BN-350 reactor was the only power reactor in the world used for industrial scale-desalinization (up to 100,000 t/d). [2] The BN-350 reactor was permanently shut down on 22 April 1999. [3,4] First connected to the grid on 16 July 1973, the operating life of the reactor was originally 20 years, to end in 1993. However, Kazakhstani Atomic Energy autho"
+0,"Arthur H. Rosenfeld, who had served as Chairman of the FAS Board of Directors from 2008 to 2009, was a pioneering scientist whose long career produced several scientific discoveries in the field of physics and fostered innovations in the field of energy conservation and efficiency. Affectionately referred to as “Art,” Dr. Rosenfeld died January 27. He was 90.
+
+Dr. Rosenfeld earned his Ph.D. in Physics at the University of Chicago in 1954. Dr. Rosenfeld studied under Nobel Laureate Enrico Fermi, who won the "
+0,"North Korea watchers weigh in on what to make of DPRK leader's U.S.-focused policy speech in place of New Year Address
+
+North Korean leader Kim Jong Un on the final day of a four-day ruling-party Plenary Meeting on Tuesday delivered a speech outlining major policy shifts with regards to military developments, sanctions, and the country's stance on stalled talks with the U.S.
+
+The speech was covered in state media on the morning of New Year's Day in place of the much-anticipated annual New Year Address, wher"
+0,"From President Kennedy’s inaugural address, the founding principle of USAID was to collectively unite Americans and the world to fight “tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.” Yet, the history of USAID is much more complicated. In the backdrop of the Cold War and geopolitical tensions, USAID catalyzed tremendous achievements in health, education, and economic opportunity. It also planned development programs in the backyards of brutal dictators, and domestically disputed with the Executive Branch and ag"
+0,"Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom has signed 14 agreements related to the potential development of the nuclear energy industry in Africa, according to Ryan Collyer, the company’s regional vice-president for Sub-Saharan Africa."
+0,"Summary
+
+A string of border markets on Yemen’s northwestern border with Saudi Arabia turned the confluence of two countries’ peripheries into a center, gave rise to a distinct economic system, and bridged cross-border communities. The ongoing war in Yemen has either destroyed these markets or forced their closure. An end to the hostilities is unlikely to restore the status quo ante, owing to Saudi Arabia’s desire to establish a buffer zone. This would militarize the borderlands in perpetuity.
+
+Key Themes
+
+T"
+0,"In a region that often makes headlines for lackluster governance and rampant corruption, Ecuador stands out as a notable example of a country where democratic norms appear to be not only on the mend but consolidating. President Guillermo Lasso recently finished his first 100 days in office, charting a delicate path through Ecuador’s complex regional and domestic constituencies. Rather than clashing with a National Assembly where his own center-right Creating Opportunities Party (CREO) commands a mere 9 perc"
+0,"Any time a US federal agency proposes a major action that “has the potential to cause significant effects on the natural or human environment,” they must complete an Environmental Impact Statement, or EIS. An EIS typically addresses potential disruptions to water supplies, transportation, socioeconomics, geology, air quality, and other factors in great detail––meaning that one can usually learn a lot about the scale and scope of a federal program by examining its Environmental Impact Statement.
+
+What does a"
+0,"International assistance to Syria has gone on far longer than most anticipated. Across the world, humanitarian assistance intended for acute crises has gone on for a decade or more, leading governments and quasi-governmental organizations to become increasingly skillful instrumentalizing aid for political purposes.
+
+The UN Security Council mandate for providing cross-border assistance to areas outside Syrian government control, which expires on July 10, casts many issues in sharp relief. The government of S"
+0,"The 20th anniversary of World Nuclear Association provides us with a golden opportunity to reflect on the years that have passed, and to look ahead to the future. On 15 May 2001, the then Uranium Institute - a trade association dedicated to the nuclear fuel cycle - was transformed into World Nuclear Association.
+
+With this transformation, the Association embraced all sectors of the nuclear industry, ranging from uranium mining and utilities to decommissioning, reactor vendors and the diverse supply chain. T"
+0,"The number of leaks of classified information reported as potential crimes by federal agencies reached record high levels during the first two years of the Trump Administration, according to data released by the Justice Department last week.
+
+Agencies transmitted 120 leak referrals to the Justice Department in 2017, and 88 leak referrals in 2018, for an average of 104 per year. By comparison, the average number of leak referrals during the Obama Administration (2009 – 2016) was 39 per year.
+
+There are a “st"
+0,"After 13 months of political stalemate in Lebanon, Najib Mikati announced the formation of a government at the presidential palace on Friday, September 10, 2021. Mikati will lead a government of 24 ministers, which has won the backing of President Michel Aoun and Speaker of Parliament Nabih Berri.
+
+Q1: Why did a government form after more than a year?
+
+A1: Lebanon’s crises overwhelmed politicians’ reluctance to compromise. After decades of relative prosperity, three-quarters of Lebanon’s population now live"
+0,"Beirut -- October 19, 2020 - The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace announced today the renaming of the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut to honor Malcolm H. Kerr, the late American scholar of the Middle East and former president of the American University of Beirut. Henceforth, the center will be known as the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center.
+
+“Renaming the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut to honor Malcolm Kerr is deeply fitting,” said Carnegie President William J. Burns. “Malco"
+0,"The US role in global cooperation has yo-yoed from recalcitrance to allied dealmaker for decades, though arguably never to such extremes as in the last four years. At the Stanley Center for Peace and Security, we focus on bringing together diverse perspectives to exchange ideas, foster innovation, and take collective action on three global challenges—mitigating climate change, avoiding the use of nuclear weapons, and preventing mass violence and atrocities.
+
+In our more than 60 years of work, we have always"
+0,"The global health emergency caused by COVID-19 has disrupted the world dramatically. According to the World Health Organization, as of May 3, more than 3.3 million COVID-19 cases had been reported worldwide, with deaths in the hundreds of thousands and cases rising.
+
+While measures to contain the pandemic, including lockdowns and quarantines, have impacted nearly every aspect of daily life for billions of people in more than 187 countries, the ripple effects of this global crisis have shed new light on many"
+0,"Plastic pollution is an issue that transcends national boundaries, as one of today’s most pressing global environmental challenges directly threatening sustainable development. Around the world, one million plastic drinking bottles are purchased every minute, and 5 trillion single-use plastic bags are thrown away each year. Approximately 70 per cent of all plastics produced to date is now waste and only 9 per cent of this has been recycled. Projections indicate that by 2025 the ocean will contain one tonne "
+0,"Share
+
+Energy ministers from across Central Asia today committed their countries to collaborating on meeting the United Nations' seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which pledges 'affordable and clean energy' by 2030. The meeting is the first time they have come together to discuss the region's common energy challenges.
+
+Officials at the CAREC Energy Ministers' Dialogue held in Tashkent (Image: CAREC)
+
+Government officials from nine countries signed the document - Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, K"
+0,"The Guinean military’s overthrow of President Alpha Condé—an outcome of autocratic overreach, economic mismanagement, and eroding democratic norms—points to the failure of regional bodies and international partners to anticipate and respond to an evolving coup playbook. On September 5, Colonel Mamady Doumbouya ousted the country’s civilian leader Alpha Condé, proclaiming that “the duty of a soldier is to save the country.” The military putsch is the country’s third coup d’état since independence in 1958 and"
+1,"The P'yŏngsan Uranium Mine began operating in the 1950s, but large quantities of uranium ore were not extracted until the late 1970s. The extracted ore, which has a reported concentration of 800ppm, is milled and processed at the nearby Namch'ŏn Chemical Complex (남천화학연합기업소). The ore extracted from this mine is called ""ore number three (3호광석),"" and reportedly has a uranium content of 0.8 percent. The mine is reported to be operating, but its capacity is unknown.
+
+Sources:
+[1] Kim Pyŏng Ku et al., Pukhaekkisu"
+0,"North Korean leader sent letter to young people gathered in Pyongyang to celebrate Youth Day
+
+North Korean teenagers and twenty-somethings are following the government’s call to leave home for coal mines and construction sites, and the country’s leader Kim Jong Un reportedly thanked them for their sacrifices in a new letter released in state media on Sunday.
+
+Kim also used the opportunity to hit out at the U.S., saying “the imperialists' anti-DPRK attempt to degenerate and undermine the ranks of our young p"
+0,"How will 9/11 be remembered on its hundredth anniversary? Will it be seen as a dramatic but ultimately minor tragedy or as a turning point that altered the United States and the trajectory of world politics in fundamental ways? Will future generations see that day as a telling reflection of underlying trends, the catalyst for a series of catastrophic foreign-policy blunders, or as an isolated one-off event whose long-term impact was relatively modest?
+
+It is impossible to predict exactly how 9/11 is going t"
+0,"The first commercial nuclear power stations started operation in the 1950s.
+Nuclear energy now provides about 10% of the world's electricity from about 445 power reactors.
+Nuclear is the world's second largest source of low-carbon power (29% of the total in 2018).
+Over 50 countries utilise nuclear energy in about 220 research reactors. In addition to research, these reactors are used for the production of medical and industrial isotopes, as well as for training.
+
+Nuclear technology uses the energy released "
+0,"Exelon Generation has filed plans to decommission its Byron and Dresden nuclear power stations in Illinois, citing a lack of action from state lawmakers on clean energy legislation that would help save the facilities.
+
+The nation’s largest operator of nuclear power plants said it has submitted its plans to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), which will set in motion the final steps to retire the plants.
+
+The company said: “The filings are among the final steps in retiring the plants, which face revenue"
+0,"Please join CSIS and the International Security Program for a conversation on the potential military and budgetary implications of future NATO expansion. Past NATO expansion helped create a Europe whole, free, and at peace, but future expansion, should it occur, faces a hostile and militarily revitalized Russia. What might be the military requirements and resulting budget costs of extending NATO’s Article 5 commitment to countries such as Ukraine, Georgia, or Bosnia-Herzegovina, which are actively seeking N"
+0,"Nuclear medicine uses radiation to provide diagnostic information about the functioning of a person's specific organs, or to treat them. Diagnostic procedures using radioisotopes are now routine.
+Radiotherapy can be used to treat some medical conditions, especially cancer, using radiation to weaken or destroy particular targeted cells.
+Over 40 million nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing at up to 5% annually.
+Sterilization of medical equipment is al"
+0,"Share
+
+""The easy part is over"" for US emission reductions and the country risks a ""flatline"" to 2050, Washington DC-based think tank ClearPath has warned in a new report. Utility commitments to net-zero and longer operation for nuclear power plants can help avoid the flatline but public policy is also needed, it said.
+
+""Over the coming decades the exhaustion of economic coal-to-gas shifting, existing nuclear plant closures, and continued load growth in states without climate targets will lead to shallow dec"
+0,"The International Conference on Individual Monitoring of Ionising Radiation, to be held in Budapest, Hungary from 19-24 April 2020, will cover all aspects of individual monitoring of ionising radiation including standards, assessment and new developments, organisers said.
+
+The conference, to be held at the Danubius Hotel Helia, is jointly organised every five years by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) and Hungary’s Centre for Energy Research.
+
+Conference chair Tamas Pazmandi said the conferen"
+0,"The nuclear fuel cycle is the series of industrial processes which involve the production of electricity from uranium in nuclear power reactors.
+Uranium is a relatively common element that is found throughout the world. It is mined in a number of countries and must be processed before it can be used as fuel for a nuclear reactor.
+Fuel removed from a reactor, after it has reached the end of its useful life, can be reprocessed so that most is recycled for new fuel.
+
+Introduction
+
+The various activities associ"
+0,"Russia's Atommash has begun the manufacture of major components for the first of two VVER-1200 reactors to be constructed at the Xudabao site in China's Liaoning province. Construction of Xudabao units 3 and 4 is expected to begin this year and next, respectively.
+
+The general contract for the construction of Xudabao 3 and 4 was signed in June 2019 by Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom's engineering subsidiary ASE and China National Nuclear Corporation. Rosatom will supply the nuclear islands for the"
+0,"Cheonmasan is regarded as a uranium milling facility that is possibly also a site for uranium enrichment. Most of the information regarding this facility is based on the testimony of North Korean defector Lee Choon Seon, a former senior military official of the Korean People’s Army who defected to China in 1999 and was captured by the Chinese authorities. [2] His testimony for the first time publicized the existence of this underground facility. According to Lee, although known as the ""Cheonmasan Power Plan"
+0,"VERTIC welcomes new Legal Officer Cédric Apercé
+VERTIC is pleased to welcome Mr Cédric Apercé as a Legal Officer for the National Implementation Measures Programme.
+
+Prior to joining VERTIC, Cédric was a British Red Cross Research Fellow on the joint British Red Cross/International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) project on customary international humanitarian law. He formerly worked as a legal attaché at the ICRC Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law in Geneva, and as a legal assistant to th"
+0,"The United Arab Emirates has shown it is possible to build a new civilian nuclear energy programme from scratch within little more than a decade. Mohamed Al Hammadi, CEO of Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation, describes the significance of this feat for the global nuclear industry.
+
+""This week, the UAE celebrated the achievement of commercial operation of the first of four APR-1400 reactors. This is a step in the right direction for the decarbonisation of our power sector, as well as a significant increase "
+0,"X-energy has signed the cooperation agreement which officially begins its participation in the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP), a project the company says will enable it to build a commercial scale advanced nuclear reactor with Energy Northwest in Washington state.
+
+X-energy's Xe-100 (Image: X-energy)
+
+The company was announced by DOE in October 2020 as one of two awardees - the other being TerraPower - to receive USD80 million each of initial cost-shared fundin"
+0,"Exelon planning to shut four reactors at Byron and Dresden
+
+The Illinois Senate has passed a bill that aims to prevent two nuclear power stations from shutting this autumn, sending the legislation to the House where it was uncertain if the chamber would bring the legislation to a vote."
+0,"The United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that about 690 million people (about one in ten) were suffering from chronic undernourishment in 2019.
+Radioisotopes and radiation used in food and agriculture are helping to reduce these figures.
+
+The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to their multiple applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information page on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology).
+
+Food irradiation
+
+Some "
+0,Installation of radiation control equipment has been completed at a nuclear research and technology centre under construction with Russian assistance in Bolivia.
+0,"In his short foreword to the interim national security strategy released by the White House earlier this month, President Joe Biden mentions the importance of working with U.S. allies and partners no fewer than five times. In early speeches and statements by the president and his top foreign policy officials, the new administration has left no doubt of its rhetorical commitment to multilateralism. Biden has moved quickly to give substance to this commitment. In addition to reversing his predecessor’s decisi"
+0,"UK engineering company Rolls-Royce has been awarded a contract by Finnish utility Fortum for a partial renewal of the engineered safety features actuation system (ESFAS) functions of the Loviisa nuclear power plant. This is a critical nuclear instrumentation and control (I&C) system which automatically manages the plant's safety features.
+
+The Loviisa plant (Image: Fortum)
+
+Under the contract, Rolls-Royce will partially replace the existing analogue systems - which manage safety features such as the isolati"
+0,"New high-resolution satellite imagery reveals the changing shape of Pyongyang
+
+The North Korean capital was bustling with new construction activity in early 2021, according to high-resolution satellite imagery, despite persistent economic difficulties and a prolonged pandemic-related lockdown.
+
+Authorities have shifted priorities in recent years when it comes to top-down construction projects -- appearing to temporarily abandon some of their largest projects while launching newer and bigger ones. In recent "
+0,"For the Republic of Korea, the 1980s were a time of domestic political tumult coupled with rapidly improving international attitudes toward the country. The Seoul Olympics (formally the Games of the XXIV Olympiad) became the fulcrum of a major turning point in the modern history of the ROK, both internally and in terms of the ROK’s international stature. This paper outlines some of the main points of that transformation.
+
+Under President Park Chung-hee, Korea had begun its march to economic importance on th"
+0,"Emerging digital technologies present challenges and opportunities for the nuclear materials management community.
+
+The Institute of Nuclear Materials Management’s California, Southwest, and Pacific Northwest chapters are hosting a joint workshop on Emerging Digital Technologies. Due to travel restrictions and health concerns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, that workshop is postponed to 2021. New workshop details coming soon.
+
+Nidhi Kalra (RAND Corporation)
+Senior information scientist at the RAND Co"
+0,"The UK will lose its long-established position as an international leader in nuclear technology without a new financing model to build new power stations, the London-based Nuclear Industry Association said.
+
+August 27 marks 65 years since the UK connected the first commercial nuclear power station in the world, Calder Hall, to the national grid. The NIA said since Calder Hall began operations in 1956, nuclear power has saved the UK over 2.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, far more than any other"
+0,"The Kim personality cult has penetrated the most intimate aspects of North Korean life, even the mourning of the dead
+
+Markus Bell
+
+Image: NK News | A North Korean tour guide at the Fatherland Liberation War Martyrs' Cemetery, north of Pyongyang, on July 25, 2018"
+0,"Green technologies are being deployed with the aim of making modern societies more sustainable. It is therefore essential to consider the mineral resource and physical mining realities associated with the energy transition.
+
+Many energy technologies being deployed as part of the energy transition are material- and mineral-intensive. For example, electric vehicles (EVs) are six times more intensive for critical minerals than the fossil fuel alternatives they replace. As efforts to reduce carbon emissions con"
+0,"We are familiar with positive visualizations of towns and cities powered by green energy and reduced car use, but climate campaigns are over-optimistic about what equitable living at 1.5°C might look like in terms of shifts in consumption for the world’s relatively wealthy. It means radical reductions in material consumption, but what might we be gaining? Are we all truly on board for the recalibration of consumption this implies?
+
+Building on the first collaborative and interactive event, this convening ta"
+0,"An interview with Morten Traavik on his new vinyl album expanding musical collaboration with the DPRK
+
+In 2012, five young North Korean accordionists went viral on YouTube, a website banned in their home country, with a short arrangement of the hit 1980s song “Take On Me,” even receiving a shoutout on the U.S. television show “Last Week Tonight with John Oliver.”"
+0,"Today Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga of Japan announced that he will not run for reelection as leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), effectively ending his term as prime minister less than a year since he took office. Several LDP members will likely run to succeed him in a party election later this month in advance of a general election later this fall. Suga’s announcement raises some concerns about instability in Japanese politics as Japan tries to tackle Covid-19 and implement a foreign poli"
+0,"Proposals include up to six GEH BWRX-300 units at Patnow site west of Warsaw
+
+Two of the richest men in Poland have announced they will work together to explore building BWRX-300 small modular reactors at the site of the Patnow coal plant about 200 km west of Warsaw.
+
+ZE PAK, the largest private energy group in Poland, and Synthos Green Energy said they have signed an investment agreement to explore building GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) BWRX-300 plants or “other optimal American SMR technologies”.
+
+ZE PA"
+0,"Cindy Vestergaard, director of the Nuclear Safeguards Program at the Stimson Center, will present for feedback a draft policy analysis brief on the potential utilization of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to manage and securely share safeguards information. That draft paper will also be presented at the INMM Annual Conference on the afternoon of Monday July 23.
+
+Originally devised for the digital exchange of cryptocurrency, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that offers a way for parties in a"
+0,"On May 28-29, 2020, the Stanley Center for Peace and Security and La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES) co-organized the Sixth Workshop of Regional Responses to the Crises in Latin America and the Caribbean. In this virtual series of small-group thematic workshops, academics and representatives of civil society organizations developed and exchanged recommendations about crises in Latin America and the Caribbean viewed through the lens of the current global COVID-19 pandem"
+0,"Download the full version:
+
+Executive Summary
+
+The current generation of emerging technologies—artificial intelligence, synthetic biology tools, and more—is expected to change societies in profound ways as the tools mature and are increasingly used by governments, businesses, and individuals. The next generation of emerging technologies is primed to do the same.
+
+How these technologies are developed, distributed, and managed will affect how societies reap their benefits and mitigate their costs. Together, w"
+0,"In 2004, Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV) attached a provision to an omnibus spending package officially designating every September 17 as “Constitution Day and Citizenship Day” in celebration of the day the U.S. Constitution was signed in 1787. Despite the other challenges of the day, Senator Byrd asserted that “our greatest enemy is not armed with guns . . . our greatest enemy is our own ignorance and our own inattention to the Constitution.” Nearly two decades later, that sentiment seems tragically prescient.
+"
+0,"The US Department of Energy (DOE) yesterday released its Hydrogen Program Plan to provide a strategic framework for its hydrogen research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities. The plan, which reinforces DOE's commitment to develop the technologies that can enable hydrogen expansion in the USA, incorporates the RD&D efforts of multiple DOE offices to advance the production, transport, storage, and use of hydrogen across different sectors of the economy.
+
+""Hydrogen is an exciting fuel source that"
+0,"The Government of Kazakhstan and the Samruk-Kazyna sovereign wealth fund will over the next year explore the possibility of developing nuclear energy in Kazakhstan, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said in his State of the Nation address on 1 September. The country is aiming for carbon neutrality by 2060 but will need energy for quality growth, he said.
+
+Kazakhstan’s economy, the largest in Central Asia, is currently experiencing the effects of the pandemic but the nation is ""consistently implementing"
+0,"All too often discussions of instability, insurgency and regime collapse are used interchangeably to describe the catalyst of a potential weapons of mass destruction (WMD) crisis in North Korea. In fact, these are related, but discreet phenomena with critical distinctions that need to be made when considering related WMD risks. Most planning or exercise scenarios assume that a sudden regime collapse—coup, revolt or abdication—would ignite a WMD security crisis in the North. These “inside out” regime decapit"
+0,"Share
+
+Molten salt reactor (MSR) technology has the potential to revolutionise the commercial shipping industry by making the largest ships faster, cleaner and more efficient, Core Power Chairman and CEO Mikal Bøe said in an interview with World Nuclear News. The goal is initially to power floating production of hydrogen-derived green fuels for a vast fleet of smaller vessels and, once licensed and approved, eventually to provide onboard electric propulsion power for large ships.
+
+This is a USD7 trillion pe"
+0,"The Zirconium Fabrication Plant (ZFP) became operational in 1971 as part of the Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC). Although ZFP initially had the capability to produce 35 tons of zircaloy fuel tubes per year, by the late 1980s, this had expanded to 50 tons. Despite an additional $4.57 million upgrade that increased capacity to 80 tons, production at ZFP actually fell during the mid-1990s. This was primarily due to the poor performance of the NFC's Ceramic Fuel Fabrication Plant (CFFP) that produced natural uranium"
+0,"The U.S. has a poor history of making effective efforts to learn the lessons of its recent wars, and it is already focusing on other strategic issues and the crises that are following the collapse of Afghanistan. It will be all too easy for U.S. policymakers and Congress to ignore the need to learn from the preceding twenty years of conflict and to fail to preserve the data and institutions necessary to learn as much from the war and the collapse of the Afghan government and forces as possible.
+
+The examina"
+0,"To mark the 35th anniversary of the Chornobyl nuclear accident, we are publishing a documentary from the IAEA's archives: the International Chernobyl Project (1991).
+
+The film may look dated now but it tells an important story – of international collaboration and support following the accident.
+
+The film covers a project launched in 1990 at the request of the Government of the Soviet Union to assess the environmental and health situation in the areas impacted by the accident, and to evaluate the measures ta"
+0,"Attackers use access to spread malware and lure DPRK experts on social media
+
+| Nils Weisensee"
+0,"Kazatomprom may buy additional material in the spot market during the second half of this year to keep its inventories within its targeted range and to meet sales commitments for the rest of 2021, CEO Galymzhan Pirmatov said as the company's half-year results were released yesterday. Pirmatov is to step down as CEO with effect from 2 September.
+
+The Kazakh uranium producer's operational and financial results for the first-half of the year were strong, Pirmatov said, with revenue increasing 54% year-on-year,"
+0,"Atommash, the Volgodonsk branch of AEM-Technologies (part of Rosatom’s mechanical engineering division Atomenergomash) has started a long-cycle operation to manufacture the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) for unit 3 of the Akkuyu NPP under construction in Turkey.
+
+The elliptical bottom of the reactor is manufactured in several stages from a seamless forged billet in the form of a tube 6 metres long, with an outer diameter of 2.5 metres, and weighing 96 tons.
+
+At the procurement site, specialists"
+0,"The US Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) has published a new version of its widely referenced Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat report.
+
+The agency normally puts out an updated version of the report every four years. The previous version dates from 2017.
+
+The 2021 report (dated 2020) provides information on developments in many countries but is clearly focused on China, Iran, North Korea, and Russia. Especially the North Korean data is updated because of the significant developm"
+0,"Saudi Arabia currently plans to construct two large nuclear power reactors.
+The country had projected 17 GWe of nuclear capacity by 2040 to provide 15% of the power then, along with over 40 GWe of solar capacity.
+There are additional plans for small reactors for desalination.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 378 TWh gross
+
+Generation mix: natural gas 218 TWh (58%); oil 160 TWh (42%)
+
+Import/export balance: No imports/exports, see below.
+
+Total consumption: 308 TWh
+
+Per capita consumption: Ci"
+0,"Since its return to democracy in 1990, Chile is one of the great success stories of Latin America in the political, economic, and social sphere. Over the past three decades, economic growth averaged 4.2 percent per year and poverty levels were slashed to single digits.
+
+In October 2019, however, Chile was taken by surprise by significant social unrest and mass protests. As a response, the country has embarked on a rewrite of its 1980 constitution in hopes to both fix underlying inequities and to get rid of "
+0,"Utility was accused of ‘illegally’ pulling out of deal to sell Tennessee site
+
+A US district judge has ruled that the Tennessee Valley Authority’s decision to call off a deal to sell the Bellefonte nuclear station in Tennessee to a company called Nuclear Development for $111m was lawful, but ordered the utility to give back the $22m downpayment made for the facility, plus interest."
+0,"Steam generators for the second reactor of Turkey's Akkuyu nuclear power plant have been dispatched from the Atommash plant in the Volgodonsk area of Russia. Production of heavy components for nuclear plants has reached a stable 'production rhythm', the head of the plant's owner, AEM Technologies, said.
+
+Ready to roll: one of Akkuyu 2's steam generators begins its journey (Image: Rosatom)
+
+On 31 August, four steam generators - weighing 355 tonnes each - began their 3000 km journey from the factory in southe"
+0,"An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) team of experts is conducting a mission to Lebanon to train national authorities and professionals in conducting non-destructive testing (NDT) to examine the integrity of buildings affected in last year's port explosion in Beirut.
+
+NDT is used to evaluate the integrity and properties of components, machinery, and structures without damaging the tested object. Many buildings directly affected by the devastating blast on 4 August 2020 - caused by a large quantity o"
+0,"I did not know if Inspector O would show up, and so was greatly relieved when I spotted him edging along the wall. He paused a moment at a side door marked “No Exit” then sat down across from me, in a chair facing away from the other tables.
+
+“What, Church?” He spoke softly, barely above a whisper, his lips seeming not to move. “What is this about? You said it was urgent. It better be. I had to change planes three times. Coach class the whole way.” He looked slightly hunched over.
+
+“My friend,” I said expan"
+0,"Thank you, Mr. President.
+
+For the last few years, my organisation, the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, has been permitted to deliver a statement to the Conference on Disarmament to mark International Women’s Day.
+
+For years before that, our statement was read out to the CD by the sitting president.
+
+This is the only time of year that any voice from civil society is allowed inside the CD chamber.
+
+And this may be the last time our voice is heard here.
+
+The CD has not engaged in substanti"
+0,"Kazakhstan’s state-owned uranium company Kazatomprom has warned in its most recent performance update that the period was punctuated by significant global climate-related events, highlighting an urgent need for the deployment of safe, baseload, carbon-free sources of energy, including broader acceptance of nuclear power as a key part of a greener international strategy."
+0,"No radiation release or environmental concern at French-designed EPR plant
+
+The Taishan-1 nuclear power plant in China’s southern Guangdog province is in “normal condition and operational safety is guaranteed” following a minor fuel rod cladding failure which resulted in increased radioactivity in the unit’s primary reactor coolant, China’s regulator said.
+
+China Atomic Energy Authority, which oversees the development of nuclear energy in China, said fuel rod cladding failure is a common phenomenon in nucle"
+0,"To increase competition and innovation in China’s missile and aerospace sector, in 1999 the State Council divided the China Aerospace Corporation into the China Aerospace and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the China Aerospace and Industry Corporation (CASIC). [3] CASC engages in the research, design, manufacture and launch of space systems, as well as long-range strategic ballistic missiles and their components. In 2008, CASC consolidated resources to develop a division focusing on “inertial measurement "
+0,"A recent enforcement action by the United States targeted a scheme to procure export controlled U.S. and Canadian equipment, most with nuclear applications, on behalf of an end user in Iran. [1] The case bears several hallmarks of illicit Iranian procurement, including the involvement of Iranian nationals based overseas, the use of multiple freight forwarders to disguise Iran as the ultimate end user, reliance on Dubai as a transshipment point for the equipment, and the submission of false and forged shippi"
+0,"Two women use machine learning and satellite images to analyze activity from afar
+
+Arelena Shala and Katharine Leede chose a class project to help them learn how satellite imagery could be used to stop or slow the spread of nuclear weapons.
+
+By the end of the quarter, the two women knew the technology so well that they could shed new light on a uranium enrichment complex in Iran and publish their findings in the July 2021 Jane’s Intelligence Review, a journal widely read by the intelligence community.
+
+Shal"
+0,"Summary
+
+The Carnegie Endowment is grateful to the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office for research funding that helped make the writing of this paper possible. The views contained herein are those of the author alone.
+
+Nigeria’s dynamic and expansive civil society is one of its greatest strengths and is crucial to maintaining what democratic space still exists in the country. Yet its independence, outspokenness, and unwavering commitment to democracy, transparency, and human rights have long anta"
+0,"People can neither see nor feel radiation, yet we are all exposed to some form of it in our daily life. Naturally occurring radioactive materials are present in the earth’s crust, the floors and walls of our homes, schools or offices, and in the food we eat and drink. Artificial radiation can save lives through cancer therapy and X-rays or CT scans used to diagnose diseases. At the same time, many of us may have incomplete knowledge about radiation safety and protection, and a great deal of uncertainty when"
+0,"All CISAC News News
+
+A map of electric vehicle chargers shows one reason why. Most of America’s 107,000 gas stations can fill several cars every five or 10 minutes at multiple pumps. Not so for electric vehicle chargers – at least not yet.
+
+Department of Energy
+
+Most of America’s 107,000 gas stations can fill several cars every five or 10 minutes at multiple pumps. Not so for electric vehicle chargers – at least not yet. Today the U.S. has around 43,000 public EV charging stations, with about 106,000 outlet"
+0,"On August 16, the U.S. Department of the Treasury announced new fossil fuel energy guidance for multilateral development banks (MDBs), which aims to “promote ending international financing of carbon-intensive fossil fuel-based energy while simultaneously advancing sustainable development and a green recovery.” G7 countries, including the United States, had already committed to phase out direct government support for fossil fuel energy projects in third countries, while this week’s announcement by the United"
+0,"First commercial plant could be in operation in 2033
+
+The Polish cabinet has given its final approval to the latest update of the country’s nuclear energy programme after the completion of public consultations, a statement by Poland’s climate ministry said."
+0,"The process of loading 241 fuel assemblies into the core of unit 2 at the Barakah nuclear power plant in the UAE has begun, operator Nawah Energy Company has announced. The move follows the issuance last week by the Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation of the operating licence for the second of four Korean-designed APR1400 units at the site.
+
+Nawah is the plant operating subsidiary of the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) and is partially owned by Korea Electric Power Corporation (Kepco).
+
+""The"
+0,"The nuclear arms race between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War motivated both sides to launch spy satellites to monitor each other’s nuclear activities. But since the late 1990s, the space domain of government spy satellites has increasingly opened up to swarms of commercial satellites that provide new opportunities to peek at possible sites of nuclear weapons development worldwide. With the rise of commercial satellite imagery, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and journalists no l"
+0,"The EU depends on nuclear power for one-quarter of its electricity, and a higher proportion of base-load power. Nuclear provides half of low-carbon electricity.
+Very different energy policies pertain across the continent and even within the EU, but attention is now being given to an EU Energy Union.
+A substantial degree of transmission interconnection exists in western Europe, but much more investment is needed.
+Electricity markets are a key to the future of reliable generation capacity, including nuclear.
+"
+0,"A problem for investors is that companies don’t have proper incentives for preventing attacks. Herb Lin, cyber policy and security scholar at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, said companies spend too much energy avoiding responsibility for attacks, rather than preventing them. As a result, manufacturers don’t take responsibility for fully protecting themselves from security breaches, he said.
+
+Kaseya’s end-user agreement largely absolves it of breaches that compromise customers’ data unless there w"
+0,"The underlying question is how electricity is best produced now and in the years to come.
+Between 1990 and 2018 electricity demand doubled. It is expected to roughly double again by 2050.
+The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has stated that at least 80% of the world's electricity must be low carbon by 2050 to keep warming within 2 °C of pre-industrial levels.
+At present, about two-thirds of electricity is produced from the burning of fossil fuels.
+Nuclear is proven, scalable and reliable, and its e"
+0,"Subordinate to Handasieh (General Establishment for Engineering Industries), which acts on behalf of Scientific Studies and Research Center (SSRC), a Syrian government agency responsible for developing chemical weapons and ballistic missiles.
+
+Identified as the consignee of a shipment of military-related items from North Korea that was seized by French authorities in November 2010; the shipment contained 1,800 brass discs and copper bars that could be used to manufacture artillery ammunition, as well as alu"
+0,"The US Air Force wants to renew and expand the withdrawal of public land for the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), where it conducts flight testing, classified research and development projects, and weapons tests. A Defense Department proposal to Congress would increase the amount of land currently withdrawn from public use by more than 10 percent.
+
+The NTTR is already “the largest contiguous air and ground space available for peacetime military operations in the free world,” according to a 2017 Air Fo"
+0,"The world will need significantly increased energy supply in the future, especially cleanly-generated electricity.
+Electricity demand is increasing about twice as fast as overall energy use and is likely to rise by more than half to 2040.
+Nuclear power provides about 10% of the world's electricity, and 18% of electricity in OECD countries.
+Almost all reports on future energy supply from major organisations suggest an increasing role for nuclear power as an environmentally benign way of producing reliable el"
+0,"The leader of the United Nations body responsible for assessing climate change science will headline a group of prominent speakers at the International Conference on Climate Change and the Role of Nuclear Power, to be held in Vienna from 7 to 11 October.
+
+Organised by the IAEA in cooperation with the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the conference will provide a forum for exchanging information on the role of nuclear power in combating climate "
+0,"Boiling water reactor could now operate for 60 years
+
+Mexico’s energy ministry has authorised the renewal of the operating licence for Unit 1 of the Laguna Verde nuclear power station for an additional 30 years to 2050, by which time the unit will have been in commercial operation for 60 years.
+
+Plant operator CFE submitted its renewal application to the National Commission for Nuclear Safety and Safeguards in March 2015. In 2016 it began a programme of inspections, tests and monitoring of equipment, system"
+0,"Egypt has an ongoing program in the Sinai and Eastern Deserts to extract uranium ore through heap leach mining. Egypt asserts that none of the uranium ore concentrate produced is of a purity or composition to require IAEA safeguarding, but transferred some of the material to NMA headquarters in Cairo for IAEA review during the agency's 2005 investigations. [1]
+
+Egypt began investigating conventional uranium occurrences in the Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Eastern Desert, and Sinai Peninsula in the 1950s. "
+0,"The ELN and VERTIC hosted a Track 1.5 roundtable event on “Creating Better Understandings of the JCPOA Verification and Monitoring Regime”.
+
+The event was attended by former and current officials from the US, EU and the E3, and included keynote remarks from Corey Hinderstein and Ambassador Stephan Klement. The event offered a chance to reflect upon the negotiation and implementation of the JCPOA’s verification and monitoring regime and to hold scenario-based discussions on present and potential challenges t"
+0,"The opening plenary session of Italy's National Seminar, which aims at deepening the analysis of the technical aspects related to the national repository for radioactive waste and technological park project with all interested parties, was held yesterday. The National Seminar, a series of consultative meetings, follows the publication in January of a list of 67 potential sites for a radioactive waste storage facility.
+
+A total of 67 potential host locations for facility have been identified (Image: Sogin)
+
+"
+0,"Nuclear energy must get a fair representation at the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties to be held 31 October to 12 November in Glasgow, World Nuclear Association Director General Sama Bilbao y León has said in an open letter to COP26 President Alok Sharma. The full text of the 16 August letter is as follows.
+
+We are deeply concerned about the news that every application on nuclear energy for the Green Zone at the upcoming COP26 conference has been rejected. We hope this is not indicative of h"
+1,"Officials arrive in Japan for discussions on ‘technical details’
+
+International Atomic Energy Agency officials are in Japan this week to officially begin a multi-year review of the planned release of treated water from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station into the Pacific Ocean."
+0,"Acoma and Laguna Pueblos
+
+The Acoma and Laguna Pueblos are southeast of LM’s Bluewater, New Mexico, Disposal Site in Cibola County, near the town of Grants.
+
+Uranium-ore processing at the site in the 1950s through 1970s produced radioactive tailings. Water in the tailings slurry seeped into the underlying alluvial and bedrock aquifers, contaminating the groundwater. Site reclamation began in 1991, and by 1995, all mill tailings, contaminated soils, demolished mill structures, and contaminated vicinity prope"
+0,")
+
+France derives about 70% of its electricity from nuclear energy, due to a long-standing policy based on energy security. Government policy is to reduce this to 50% by 2035.
+France is the world's largest net exporter of electricity due to its very low cost of generation, and gains over €3 billion per year from this.
+The country has been very active in developing nuclear technology. Reactors and especially fuel products and services have been a significant export.
+About 17% of France's electricity is from "
+0,"Experts weigh in on progress made in 2019 — and how Pyongyang's weapons systems will likely evolve in the coming year
+
+The year 2019 was in stark contrast with the previous year in terms of both North Korean weapons testing and U.S.-DPRK diplomacy.
+
+a total of 13 missile tests last year, along with two engine tests at its Sohae Satellite Launching Station."
+0,"The Tonghae Satellite Launch Ground, also known by “Musudan-ri” due to its proximity to the area, is one of North Korea 's major rocket test-launch facilities and has been used to flight-test a variety of missiles and satellite launch vehicles. Since becoming operational, the site has flight-tested the Hwasong-5 and Hwasong-6, Nodong, Taepodong‐1 and Taepodong-2 missiles. The most recent tests occurred in May 2009 hours after North Korea’s second nuclear test when three short-range surface-to-air missiles w"
+0,The US Energy Information Administration said it could not publicly release data for US production of uranium concentrate (U3O8) in the second quarter of 2021.
+0,"Even before the recent takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban, 50 percent of the population was dependent on international assistance to address the effects of forced displacement, drought, food insecurity, and the Covid-19 pandemic. The humanitarian crisis has been exacerbated by civilian casualties as the Taliban now controls most of Afghanistan and acts as the de-facto government.
+
+The United States must urgently take action to address the operational impact of sanctions and other restrictive measures on"
+0,"An exciting leadership role is opening at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) – we are seeking a Vice President to lead our Scientific and Technical Affairs (STA) Program.
+NTI is a non-profit, nonpartisan organization whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.
+
+Recognizing the potential benefits as well as the pitfalls of new technologies for addressing our mission, NTI’s STA Program seeks to harness opportunities that n"
+0,"Memoranda of understanding have been signed between US companies, including Westinghouse and NuScale Power, after a Ukrainian delegation visited the United States in early September.
+
+US-based NuScale Power and Ukrainian nuclear utility Energoatom on 1 September signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to explore the deployment of NuScale Power plants in Ukraine during the visit of a high-level Ukrainian delegation to the USA.
+
+Under the MOU, NuScale will support Energoatom’s examination of NuScale’s SMR "
+0,"Contracts, books and journals suggest multi-million dollar operations in Namibia
+
+A North Korean construction team left behind a treasure trove of personal items, books, contracts and other things after disappearing from a compound in Namibia’s capital city of Windhoek four years ago.
+
+The compound originally housed North Koreans from the Mansudae Overseas Projects (MOP), the international arm of Pyongyang’s Mansudae Arts Studio."
+0,"A mobile laser system developed by a research subsidiary of Russia's Rosatom has been used to remotely cut large metal plant components during a non-nuclear decommissioning process. The laser ""can be used to cut metal structures up to 250mm thick, both on land and under water, in the temperature range from -50 to 40 degrees Celsius,"" said Azamat Bedanokov, deputy director general of the developers, the State Research Centre of the Russian Federation Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Thermonuclear Researc"
+0,"Russia is moving steadily forward with plans for an expanded role of nuclear energy, including development of new reactor technology.
+It is committed to closing the fuel cycle, and sees fast reactors as key to this.
+Exports of nuclear goods and services are a major Russian policy and economic objective. Over 20 nuclear power reactors are confirmed or planned for export construction. Foreign orders totalled $133 billion in late 2017.
+Russia is a world leader in fast neutron reactor technology and is consolid"
+0,"The Stanley Center and the Auschwitz Institute for the Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities, in collaboration with the U.N. Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, will bring together key members of the Latin American Network for Genocide and Mass Atrocity Prevention (LAN) in this eleventh meeting of the network’s focal points.
+
+As the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates risks for mass violence in many communities, it is especially important to convene representatives and encourage peer"
+0,"These professional networks adopted an online platform to allow its members to work collaboratively in a protected environment, in a timely manner and in a cost-effective way within their technical scopes. CONNECT’s key objectives are to promote capacity building, facilitate collaboration and sharing of information and experience, both within and among the several networks and their members.
+
+Through CONNECT, the professional networks provide their members with a centralized resource hub. These resources ca"
+0,"On 16 October, VERTIC, together with United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), hosted a seminar on ‘Scientific and technological capacity for disarmament and non-proliferation’. The seminar took place in New York at the United Nations Headquarters during the second week of the United Nations General Assembly’s 2019 First Committee on Disarmament and International Security.
+
+On 16 October, VERTIC, together with United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), hosted a seminar on ‘Scientifi"
+0,"The Vashi Complex in Navi Mumbai is home to BARC 's Beryllium plant, machining facility, and processing facility. These facilities are used for the production of beryllium blocks and for machining beryllium into desired components for use in India's nuclear and space programs. Beryllium is used for both industrial and military purposes. Commercially, beryllium is used as a metal and alloy in nuclear power reactors, aerospace applications, electrical equipment, navigation, optical equipment and as an ingredi"
+0,"Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have been expanding their severe accident modelling computer code, called Melcor, to work with different reactor geometries, fuel types and coolant systems – part of an initiative to help the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission evaluate the safety of the next generation of reactors, fuel cycle facilities and fuel technologies."
+0,"Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems (UAMPS) now expects to build six 77 MWe NuScale Power Modules on a site at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), rather than 12 units as previously planned. A 2030 start-up date for the plant - known as the Carbon Free Power Project (CFPP) - is still envisaged.
+
+The CFPP, launched by UAMPS in 2015, was initially envisaged as a 12-unit power plant using 50 MWe NuScale Power Modules. The capacity of the NuScale module - a pressurised water reactor with all the components for"
+0,"There have been several proposals for regional and international repositories for disposal of high-level nuclear waste, and in 2003 the concept received strong endorsement from the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
+The European Commission is funding studies to assess the feasibility of European regional waste repositories for countries with relatively little nuclear waste.
+Arising from these studies, 14 EU countries resolved to set up the European Repository Development Organisation (ERDO) to "
+0,"Download the PDF version:
+
+The transition to a low-carbon energy system will likely shake up the geopolitical status quo that has governed global energy systems for over a century. Policymakers need to rethink the role their country could play in a new energy world.
+
+Renewables are widely perceived as an opportunity to shatter the hegemony of fossil fuel-rich states and democratize the energy landscape. Virtually all countries have access to some renewable energy resources (especially solar and wind power) "
+0,"Government appoints former Westinghouse executive, say reports
+
+The Welsh government has chosen a former Westinghouse nuclear executive to resurrect Trawsfynydd, the site of one of Britain’s first nuclear power stations and possible location for a new generation of reactors, reports in the UK said."
+0,"The Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (GIKI) is one of Pakistan's leading centers for training engineering and technology personnel. Dr. A.Q. Khan led the development of the Institute and served as director, “hoping to mass produce a legion of metallurgists and engineers honed in the image of the benefactor.” [2] The institute was founded to address Pakistan’s dependence on foreign expertise, and began awarding degrees in 1997. [3] The GIKI offers degree programs at the BS, "
+1,Tokyo Electric Power Company has unveiled plans to construct an undersea tunnel to release more than one million tonnes of treated water from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station site into the Pacific Ocean.
+1,"A team of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) officials are in Japan to officially launch a multi-year review of the planned release of treated water at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. It is the IAEA's first mission as part of its review and monitoring assistance to support Japan before, during and after the discharge of treated water, which is expected to start in 2023.
+
+Tanks of treated water at the Fukushima Daiichi site (Image: Tepco)
+
+At the Fukushima Daiichi site, contaminated water i"
+0,Kazakhstan’s national uranium company Kazatomprom has closed an agreement to sell a 49% stake in its wholly owned Ortalyk uranium mining operation to China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGNPC) subsidiary for $435m.
+0,"The United States has long deployed nuclear weapons in Germany under “programs of cooperation” in which the weapons are maintained under U.S. custody but, in a conflict, and with proper authorization, could be turned over to the German military for use. The current delivery system is the German Air Force’s Tornado aircraft, which is dual-capable — it can deliver both conventional and nuclear weapons — but nearing the end of its service life.
+
+Participation in this nuclear role is often referred to as “nucle"
+0,"This month El Salvador became the first country to make a digital currency legal tender. Citing the large remittance flows that come into the country (more than 20 percent of GDP) and large number of El Salvadorans that remains unbanked (nearly 70 percent of the adult population), the government of maverick, techno-savvy President Nayib Bukele announced Bitcoin would become an official currency alongside the U.S. dollar. He said this move would cut transaction costs and increase liquidity in the economy. Th"
+0,"Legislation may come too late to save four Exelon reactors in Illinois
+
+Illinois congressman Adam Kinzinger has sent a letter to president Joe Biden asking him to use his emergency powers to keep Exelon’s Byron and Dresden nuclear power station operating until state or federal energy laws can be passed to financially support the plants."
+1,"Testimony of Gary Milhollin
+
+Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School and
+Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control
+
+Before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
+Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs
+
+December 1, 1994
+
+I am pleased to appear here today before this Subcommittee to discuss the United States-North Korean nuclear accord.
+
+I am a member of the University of Wisconsin law faculty, and I direct a research project here in Washington that is devoted to tracking and inhibi"
+0,"\
+
+FAS Director of the Nuclear Information Project, Hans Kristensen, comments on the gravity and legacy of presidential nuclear briefings amid president-elect Trump’s nuclear briefing before his inauguration as 45th president of the United States on January 20.
+
+by Ellen Nakashima and Sari Horwitz
+
+The CIA’s Secret History Is Now Online
+
+by Jason Leopold"
+0,"The bridge of the polar crane for unit 1 of the Zhangzhou nuclear power plant in China's Fujian province has been raised into position near the top of the Hualong One reactor building. For the first time in China, the components of the bridge were lifted as a whole rather than individually. Sitting on a circular rail, the crane can rotate 360 degrees and will be used to lift reactor components and main pump components.
+
+The component - measuring 45.5 metres in length, 15.2 metres in width, 8.37 metres in he"
+1,"VIENNA, Sept 20 (Reuters) - North Korea’s nuclear programme is going “full steam ahead”, U.N. atomic watchdog chief Rafael Grossi said in a speech to an annual meeting of his agency’s member states on Monday.
+
+“In the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, (the) nuclear programme goes full steam ahead with work on plutonium separation, uranium enrichment and other activities,” said Grossi, who issued a report last month saying Pyongyang appeared to have restarted a nuclear reactor that is widely believed to"
+0,"""We now have evidence from a randomized, controlled trial that mask promotion increases the use of face coverings and prevents the spread of COVID-19,"" said Stephen Luby, MD, professor of medicine at Stanford and co-author of the study, in a press release.
+
+Masks have been politicized by some and derided by others throughout the pandemic. At the beginning of the pandemic, U.S. public health officials advised the public not to wear masks, in order to save then-scarce personal protective equipment for frontli"
+0,"October 2002
+
+Every time war clouds gather over Baghdad, Saddam Hussein has a habit of hinting that he may allow UN arms inspectors to return. Similarly, every time war clouds gather over Baghdad, voices in the United States and elsewhere, including some in or near the Bush administration, can be heard urging a new and improved system of inspections. Today, some of those voices belong to critics of administration policy who are opposed to war with Iraq. Others favor war but think a provocation, or “triggeri"
+0,South Korea’s significant improvements in its conventional force capabilities are an important driver of North Korean efforts to accelerate its development of more advanced ballistic missile and nuclear weapons capabilities. The North’s incorporation of new technologies into its ballistic missiles will significantly increase the threat to South Korean and US national security. The Biden administration’s announcement that it will seek a pragmatic and phased approach to North Korean denuclearization could giv
+0,"Gender Champions in Nuclear Policy (GCNP) increased its membership by 50 percent in its second year, bring to 64 the number of organizations connected to global nuclear policy that have committed to breaking down gender barriers and making gender equity a working reality.
+
+Founded in November 2018 by NTI Vice President Laura Holgate and Michelle Dover of the Ploughshares Fund, GCNP added 22 organizations since November 2019, expanding the initiative’s global reach across the United States, the United Kingdo"
+0,"How do we connect nuclear threats with what is most relevant and deeply meaningful in people's daily lives? Who is persuadable, and are there common elements of a story that move the widest audience of the U.S. public?
+
+In 2021, the Nuclear Threat Initiative commissioned research into these questions by an interdisciplinary team who have examined similar questions on youth civic engagement, gender justice, and poverty. Findings were derived, in part, from 90-minute, one-on-one interviews with a cross sectio"
+0,"World uranium production dropped considerably from 63,207 tonnes of uranium (tU) in 2016 to 47,731 tU in 2020 and “intense development” of new projects will be needed by the end of the decade to avoid potential supply disruptions, according to the latest edition of the World Nuclear Association’s Nuclear Fuel Report.
+
+Unfavourable market conditions, compounded by the Covid-19 pandemic, led to a sharp decrease in investment in the development of new and existing mines. However, the report notes that a number"
+0,"Radioactive material accounts for a very small proportion of all dangerous material shipped each year – just 1% in the USA, the world’s largest producer of nuclear power.
+Globally, about 20 million consignments of radioactive material are transported each year on public roads, railways, and ships.
+Radioactive material is not unique to the nuclear fuel cycle. The significant majority – about 95% – of radioactive consignments are not related to nuclear power.
+Transport is, however, an integral part of the nuc"
+0,"The use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electronic parts in nuclear weapons systems may reduce the reliability of the US nuclear arsenal over time as the electronics age in ways that are hard to predict, according to a newly disclosed report from the JASON science advisory panel.
+
+“Most of the electronic materials and components within a weapon system are electrically inactive for a majority of the system lifetime” — which in a nuclear weapon can last for decades. “Determining the reliability of successf"
+0,"Korea Kumgang Group appears to have downsized or shut down completely after a once-successful run
+
+| Colin Zwirko"
+0,"A legacy radioactive source from a US Department of Energy waste inventory is now being reused more than 40 years after it was put into storage. The collaborative effort to prepare and transport the small neutron-emitting, plutonium-beryllium source from Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) takes the 'reduce, reuse and recycle' concept to the next level, the Department's Office of Environmental Management (EM) said.
+
+The source was first acquired in the 1960s by th"
+0,"CSIS senior adviser Mark Cancian annually produces a series of white papers on U.S. military forces, including their composition, new initiatives, long-term trends, and challenges. This report is a compilation of these papers and takes a deep look at each of the military services, the new Space Force, special operations forces, DOD civilians, and contractors in the FY 2021 budget. This report further includes a foreword regarding how the Biden administration might approach decisions facing the military forc"
+0,"On May 20–22, the Stanley Center and the Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice will launch a new joint initiative, Impact:Peace, by convening a small group of experts, innovative thinkers, and experienced practitioners to shape the initiative’s priorities and inform the core questions at the beginning of the Impact:Peace journey.
+
+What are the timely change processes that can create real and meaningful impact in the peacebuilding field?
+What evidence do policymakers, practitioners, advocates, and other influ"
+0,"US-based Westinghouse Electric Company and Ukrainian nuclear utility Energoatom on 31 August signed an exclusive agreement to bring Westinghouse AP1000 reactors to multiple sites in Ukraine. The signing took place at the Department of Energy (DOE) Headquarters in Washington, DC, and was witnessed by Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, US Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm and the Minister of Energy of Ukraine German Galushchenko.
+
+Energoatom has selected Westinghouse AP1000 technology for their long-"
+0,"Egypt has considered establishing nuclear power since the 1960s.
+It plans to build four large Russian nuclear power reactors with significant desalination capacity.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 194 TWh
+
+Generation mix: natural gas 155 TWh (80%); oil 23.1 TWh (12%); hydro 12.9 TWh (7%); wind 2.4 TWh (1%); and solar 0.5 TWh.
+
+Import/export balance: 0.4 TWh net export
+
+Total consumption: 162 TWh
+
+Per capita consumption: c. 1650 kWh in 2018
+
+Source: International Energy Agency and The World "
+0,"Last January the Trump Administration formally notified Congress under the War Powers Act of a US drone strike that killed Iranian Maj. Gen. Qasem Soleimani.
+
+But unlike all known prior War Powers Act notifications, the report on the Soleimani killing was classified in its entirety. (Previous reports sometimes included a classified annex together with the unclassified notification.)
+
+Senator Chris Murphy (D-Conn.) said that was unacceptable. “There’s a veil being pulled over the foreign policy of this count"
+0,"On December 4, 2019, the Stanley Center for Peace and Security is organizing a high-level dinner discussion, “The Future of Global Climate Action: from COP25 to COP26 and Beyond,” hosted by Galvanizing the Groundswell of Climate Actions. The climate action emerging from the September summit in New York, which is being built upon here in Madrid, creates an important opportunity to build momentum for success. To make sure we capitalize on this step forward, we are discussing the role climate action from citie"
+0,"Experts weigh in on what a ""Cold War 2.0"" could mean for sanctions and diplomacy going forward
+
+The U.S.-China relationship has seen better days. Since the start of 2020, the two superpowers have confronted each other in no uncertain terms on an overflowing list of grievances: human rights, trade policy, xenophobia, and COVID-19, among others."
+0,"Preface
+
+China Local/Global
+
+China has become a global power, but there is too little debate about how this has happened and what it means. Many argue that China exports its developmental model and imposes it on other countries. But Chinese players also extend their influence by working through local actors and institutions while adapting and assimilating local and traditional forms, norms, and practices.
+
+With a generous multiyear grant from the Ford Foundation, Carnegie has launched an innovative body of "
+0,"The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was adopted in 2016 and officially launched in May 2018 to govern the use of personal data by both EU and non-EU companies who collect, process, and store the data of EU citizens. For many in the EU, the adoption of the GDPR was considered a historic moment. At the time of its launch, former VP of the European Commission, Viviane Reding, noted that the “reform will restore trust in digital services today, thereby reigniting the engine for the gr"
+0,"On May 11 2021, VERTIC Senior Researcher Grant Christopher was joined by Christiaan Triebert, Melissa Hanham, and Rayna Rogers, to discuss how they pushed the application of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in arms control, and beyond, to the limit.
+
+The use of open sources and the application of open-source intelligence (OSINT) has transformed arms control. It has also made the relationship closer between the public and broader society, to the arms control agreements that are made in their name. The people"
+0,"The Medium Term Strategy serves as a strategic direction and roadmap for the Secretariat to prepare the Agency’s programme and budget during the period covered by it, by identifying priorities among and within its programmes for three biennia for the achievement of the Agency’s statutory objectives in an evolving international environment.
+
+The Medium Term Strategy 2018–2023 draws upon the implementation of the Medium Term Strategy 2012–2017 and may be updated, if deemed necessary by the Board of Governors,"
+0,"Uranium is a relatively common metal, found in rocks and seawater. Economic concentrations of it are not uncommon.
+Quantities of mineral resources are greater than commonly perceived, and are relative to both market prices and cost of extraction.
+The world's known uranium resources increased by at least one-quarter in the last decade due to increased mineral exploration.
+
+Uranium is a relatively common element in the crust of the Earth (very much more than in the mantle). It is a metal approximately as comm"
+0,"The United Arab Emirates has long served as a hub for international trade. It has the Persian Gulf’s largest seaport and airport and is the largest export market for the United States in the Middle East. However, ongoing efforts to increase trade through the establishment and expansion of free trade zones bring with them vulnerability: the UAE has been exploited as a transshipment point for sensitive trade to countries of concern for proliferation, like Iran, Syria, and Pakistan. The UAE has sought to comba"
+0,"By Hans M. Kristensen
+
+The Russian Ministry of Defense announced the test launch of an SS-25 ICBM from Kapustin Yar to the Sary-Shagan range in Kazakhstan, and included a video showing the missile’s launch and assent on a clear starry night.
+
+Kapustin Yar is a huge complex that is used for many different purposes including test launches of ICBMs, SRBMs, and air-defense interceptors. As such, it’s a good facility to track the status of launcher units that are upgrading to new systems.
+
+The RMOD video is a gr"
+0,"On June 10, 2021, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) published the final version of their Data Security Law (DSL) [1], a new legislation that enhance the state’s data regulatory powers. Taking effect on September 1, 2021, the expansive law will potentially impact all business operators in China. Since the DSL was announced, the government’s pressure on Big Tech in China has become increasingly evident, taking the form of regulatory pressures, enhanced scrutiny of company operations, and outright bans. In "
+1,"Other Name: 조선국제화공합영회사; Chosŏn International Chemicals Joint Operation Company; Chosun International Chemicals Joint Operation Company; International Chemical Joint Venture Corporation
+Location: Main office is located in Man'gyŏngdae-kuyŏk (만경대구역), Pyongyang, North Korea; factory is located in Hamhŭng (함흥시), South Hamgyŏng Province (함경남도), North Korea
+Subordinate To: The firm is a joint venture company of the International Trading Corporation of Japan and the Korea Yong'aksan General Trading Company of Nort"
+0,"Every few years, the center assesses our strategic approaches to programming, scopes future opportunities, and makes adjustments to our strategic direction with the goal of increasing our impact. We invite external experts and stakeholders to come together with us to consider what will effectively drive policy progress and collective action in the mass violence and atrocities and related fields. Recently, the center concluded such an assessment and we are pleased to share both the starting point and highlig"
+1,"North Korea’s five-megawatt electrical reactor at its Yongbyon complex appears to be back up and running. The director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has assessed that “since early July 2021, there have been indications, including the discharge of cooling water, consistent with the operation of the reactor.” In the past, North Korea has reprocessed spent fuel rods from this reactor to produce plutonium for its arsenal of nuclear weapons. This remains the primary purpose of the reac"
+0,"Just when you thought the media hyperinflation of the North Korean threat couldn’t get any worse, along came yesterday’s attention-grabbing story on Pyongyang’s submarine that could attack the United States.
+
+To their credit, most outlets haven’t covered the analysis of satellite imagery looking at Pyongyang’s construction of a ballistic missile submarine. But CNN, MSNBC and others couldn’t resist the bright shiny object dangled in front of them. Wolf Blitzer on “The Situation Room” asserted that North Kore"
+0,"How can the national security classification and declassification system be fixed?
+
+That depends on how one defines the problem that needs fixing. To the authors of a new report from the Public Interest Declassification Board (PIDB), the outstanding problem is the difficulty of managing the expanding volume of classified information and declassifying a growing backlog of records.
+
+“There is widespread, bipartisan recognition that the Government classifies too much information and keeps it classified for too"
+1,"Asia is the main region in the world where electricity generating capacity and specifically nuclear power are growing significantly.
+In Asia there are about 135-140 operable nuclear power reactors, about 30-35 under construction and firm plans to build an additional 50-60. Many more are proposed.
+The greatest growth in nuclear generation is expected in China.
+
+In contrast to North America and most of Western Europe, where growth in electricity generating capacity and particularly nuclear power has been limi"
+0,"Nuclear hotlines are attractive solutions during times of increased tension for their potential roles in conflict avoidance and crisis de-escalation. They are increasingly featured as options in risk reduction strategies today. Despite decades of experience with bilateral and multilateral hotlines, the literature about them is thin. The policy community has limited understanding of what purposes hotlines serve, in which contexts they might be effective, and how useful they are as confidence building measure"
+0,"The United States completed its withdrawal of forces from Afghanistan on August 30, 2021, marking the conclusion of two decades of war. The end of the U.S. presence in Afghanistan, however, is a class reason to focus on the lessons of this war. There needs to be an objective and detailed effort to examine the civil and military lessons that have emerged from the entire history of the war.
+
+The Emeritus Chair in Strategy at CSIS has assembled an archive of metrics examining the U.S. war in Afghanistan that c"
+0,"Tajikistan is mineral-rich and has some uranium deposits.
+It has substantial issues with legacy wastes from past uranium mining and milling as a regional centre.
+
+Tajikistan is immediately south of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan (which in turn lie south of Kazakhstan) with a complex border, especially around the northern Sughd oblast.
+
+Most of Tajikistan’s electricity – 16 TWh in 2014 – is hydroelectric, with only 0.5 TWh from gas. Power shortages are reported, and about 40% of the country’s electricity is used "
+0,"The workshop was the fifth of a series of regional workshops.
+The purpose of the meeting was to discuss pertinent issues that may contribute to preventing the re-emergence of nuclear weapons once all nuclear weapons have been eliminated.
+Ms Melanie Reddiar: Chief Director of South Africa’s Non-Proliferation Secretariat, presented a paper on ‘Preventing the re-emergence of a nuclear weapons programme in South Africa: the evolution of South Africa’s policy, legislative and regulatory framework, and infrastruc"
+0,"Download the PDF version:
+
+Introduction
+
+This paper aims to articulate the absence of Indigenous people in Arctic climate change news coverage and to enumerate approaches for generating resonant, representative, and ethical stories in the white hot center of climate change.
+
+As temperatures have increased in the Arctic, so too has media interest in the region. A keyword analysis conducted using the Factiva database revealed that the number of news stories mentioning “Arctic” and “climate change” doubled in "
+0,"()
+
+In 1979 at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in USA a cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt in the #2 reactor. The TMI-2 reactor was destroyed.
+Some radioactive gas was released a couple of days after the accident, but not enough to cause any dose above background levels to local residents.
+There were no injuries or adverse health effects from the Three Mile Island accident.
+
+The Three Mile Island power station is near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in USA. It had two pressurized water react"
+0,"All areas of science and life that use measured data must be able to have confidence in the results received from laboratories. Participating in independent proficiency tests is a critical check to verify the performance of analytical laboratories. It is a mandatory requirement for the laboratories’ accreditation of analytical procedures according to the ISO 17025 standard. When implementing quality systems, analytical laboratories must also prove their measurement capability.
+
+The IAEA encourages Member St"
+0,"Please join us on Friday, March 26 at 11:00 am ET for a conversation on the role of remotely crewed systems in the future force. Todd Harrison, director of the Aerospace Security Project and Defense Budget Analysis at CSIS, will present the findings of his recent report on the subject and discuss the future application of remotely crewed systems with Scott Wierzbanowski, a program manager in the Tactical Technology Office at DARPA, Dr. Ulrike Franke, a senior policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign"
+0,"On 2 October, the UN General Assembly convened a high-level meeting to commemorate the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, an annual observance that takes place each year on 26 September. Due to COVID-19-related restrictions, most remarks were made virtually through pre-recorded video statements. Due to time constraints not all of the messages were aired.
+
+The pandemic of nuclear weapons
+
+With the COVID-19 pandemic as a backdrop to this year’s event, several governments highlight"
+0,"Legislative measures to improve the process of declassifying classified national security information were introduced by Sen. Ron Wyden in the pending intelligence authorization act for FY2022. But they were included in the classified annex so their substance and import are not publicly known.
+
+“I remain deeply concerned about the failures of the Federal Government’s obsolete declassification system,” Sen. Wyden wrote in a statement that was included in the new Senate Intelligence Committee report on the in"
+0,"There is widespread popular support for using renewable energy, particularly solar and wind energy, which provide electricity without giving rise to any carbon dioxide emissions.
+Harnessing these for electricity depends on the cost and efficiency of the technology, which is constantly improving, thus reducing costs per peak kilowatt, and per kWh at the source.
+Utilising electricity from solar and wind in a grid becomes problematical at high levels for complex but now well-demonstrated reasons. Supply does n"
+0,"In the post-9/11 world, forging a successful grand strategy in U.S. foreign policy is unlikely and dangerous, according to a Stanford scholar.
+
+During the Cold War, American leaders understood that the Soviet Union was their primary adversary, writes political scientist Amy Zegart in an essay for the Hoover Institution's Foreign Policy Working Group, a new two-year initiative that brings together Stanford scholars to examine key U.S. foreign policy challenges.
+
+Zegart, co-director of the Center for Internat"
+0,"Pouring of first concrete began today for the foundation slab at the Kudankulam-5 nuclear power unit in India’s southern state of Tamil Nadu, Russian state-owned nuclear corporation Rosatom said."
+0,"The function of many common consumer products is dependent on the use of small amounts of radioactive material.
+Smoke detectors, watches and clocks, cookware, and photocopiers, among others, all utilise the natural properties of radioisotopes in their design.
+
+The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to several applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology).
+
+Smoke detectors
+
+One of the most common "
+0,"NTI | bio co-hosted a virtual side event at the 2021 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) Meeting of Experts aimed at diplomats and other attendees highlighting youth-led projects on responsible science and ways to systematically involve young scientists in BWC deliberations. The September 2nd event, “Promoting youth engagement in responsible innovation under the Biological Weapons Convention,” was co-moderated by NTI | bio’s Chris Isaac. Isaac led a guided discussion with young scientists who have conducted"
+0,"This piece is part of the CSIS International Security Program’s Transition46 series on Defense360.
+
+The Biden administration faces a host of competing priorities at the Department of Defense (DoD). Its new leadership team must define its approach to a shifting global landscape that is far from settled. DoD writ large must also modernize its aging infrastructure and equipment and cope with a stagnant budget, all the while continuing to develop and procure new technology to ensure U.S. safety and security in "
+0,"The four-unit facility in the UAE is the first commercial nuclear station in the Arab world
+
+Unit 1 of the Barakah nuclear power station in the United Arab Emirates has been connected to the UAE grid and is despatching its first megawatts of electricity, Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (Enec) announced on 19 August.
+
+During the process, the generator in Unit 1 was integrated and synchronised with the requirements of the UAE’s national electricity transmission grid.
+
+Enec said connection was completed th"
+0,"Nuclear safety regulators in Canada and the US have completed their first collaborative project on licensing of SMRs. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) have issued a joint report to provide feedback to X-energy on the manufacturing codes it proposes to use in both countries for the reactor pressure vessel of its Xe-100 design.
+
+Rumina Velshi (left) and Christine Svinicki at the 2019 signing of their Memorandum of Cooperation (Image: CNSC)
+
+The repor"
+0,"The amount of cooling required by any steam-cycle power plant (of a given size) is determined by its thermal efficiency. It has essentially nothing to do with whether it is fuelled by coal, gas or uranium.
+However, currently operating nuclear plants often do have slightly lower thermal efficiency than coal counterparts of similar age, and coal plants discharge some waste heat with combustion gases, whereas nuclear plants rely on water.
+Nuclear power plants have greater flexibility in location than coal-fire"
+0,"Nuclear energy must be included in a delegated act of the European taxonomy, 18 trade unions in the energy sector from 10 European Union countries have told Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission (EC). In a joint letter, the unions called for ""a dialogue with the purpose of nuclear energy to play its full potential and build an economically efficient and socially just carbon-free Europe by 2050"".
+
+In January, 13 trade unions representing energy and nuclear workers wrote to von der Leyen "
+0,National Party of Australia senators have drafted legislation to allow the country’s Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) to invest in nuclear power.
+0,"Events in Afghanistan are moving rapidly. The United States is committed to its military withdrawal and the Taliban continues to increase its efforts to take control of more territory in the region. Those at heightened risk to a Taliban offensive and retribution include tens of thousands of Afghans who aided the U.S. over the last twenty years in not just military operations but also in the development, diplomatic, and intelligence communities. As we see movement in Congress to streamline the Special Immigr"
+0,Chinese aid will keep regime afloat as DPRK shows little interest in a quick return to pre-pandemic life
+0,"Majority sees role for nuclear in reaching climate goals
+
+A recent poll has shown that about half of Swedes would consider building new nuclear power and see nuclear as a tool to achieve the country’s climate goals."
+0,"Events over the past week have created mounting pressure to address Iran’s ballistic missile program and its missile and arms exports. On December 19, Iranian-backed Houthi militants in Yemen fired another short-range ballistic missile into Saudi Arabia. This marked the third such attack since July and followed revelations by the United States and the United Nations that these missiles appear to be of Iranian origin. In response to these and other alleged violations of U.N. resolutions, the United States is"
+0,"Industry becoming more dependent on ‘new actors’
+
+The supply chain for the commercial nuclear power industry is facing a challenging environment with suppliers needed for new build projects and new countries, but with nuclear phaseouts affecting the sector, an online seminar was told.
+
+Peter Tuominen told a management systems and supply chain conference organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency and Brussels-based nuclear industry group Foratom that what is common is that “we are very much dependen"
+0,"Construction is to be resumed of the prototype CAREM-25 reactor and a used fuel dry storage facility, as well as the refurbishment of the Atucha 1 nuclear power plant, Nucleoeléctrica Argentina SA (NA-SA) announced. Energy Minister Sergio Lanziani said the projects - work on which was suspended last year ""due to breaches by contractor companies"" - are vital for the country.
+
+The Atucha site, near Lima, 110 km northwest of Buenos Aires (Image: NA-SA)
+
+CAREM - the name is taken from Central ARgentina de Eleme"
+1,"Prime minister says concentration of tritium will be less than 1/40 of national regulatory standard
+
+Japan will release treated water from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station into the Pacific, a move which was welcomed by the International Atomic Energy Agency as both technically feasible and in line with international practice."
+0,"WILPF is working to prevent the development of autonomous weapon systems, also known as killer robots, which are weapons that would function without meaningful human control. Due to the moral, ethical, legal, political, and technical problems with the development and use of such weapons, we are working with tech workers and governments to ensure that the dystopian future promised by these new technologies of violence never comes to pass.
+
+Autonomous weapons are different than armed drones. Drones, or “uncre"
+0,"Introduction
+
+After nearly seven years of fighting, it appears that the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad has gained the upper hand in Syria’s civil war, which has claimed nearly half a million lives. [1] In his ruthless campaign to hold on to power, Assad repeatedly has targeted civilian populations with chemical weapons. Since 2012, some 130 instances of chemical weapons use have been reported in Syria. The vast majority of the confirmed attacks have been attributed to the Assad regime. [2] [3]
+
+Two of the"
+0,"The NTI Submarine Proliferation Resource Collection details the submarine capabilities and import/export behavior of several representative countries around the world. The collection focuses on technological improvements to global submarine fleets, such as the spread of nuclear propulsion and Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) technologies, which increase the capability of submarines to deliver weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Additionally, the collection tracks conventional submarine proliferation in poten"
+0,"The case for nuclear as a proven source of clean, reliable and sustainable electricity supply should be clear to all, but the business case for nuclear is also becoming better understood, World Nuclear Association Director General Sama Bilbao y León told delegates at the New Nuclear Capital 2020 virtual conference yesterday. The following is an abridged version of her presentation.
+
+World Nuclear Association Director General Sama Bilbao y León
+
+""If you compare the percentage of electricity generated with lo"
+0,"Satellite images reveal that China is building a second nuclear missile silo field. The discovery follows the report earlier this month that China appears to be constructing 120 missile silos near Yumen in Gansu province. The second missile silo field is located 380 kilometers (240 miles) northwest of the Yumen field near the prefecture-level city of Hami in Eastern Xinjiang.
+
+The Hami missile silo field is in a much earlier stage of development than the Yumen site. Construction began at the start of March "
+0,"Summary
+
+The emergence of a deep-seated, multidimensional strategic competition between the United States and China has led many to argue that the world is fracturing into two spheres—a Sinocentric order and a U.S.-centric one. One result of this fragmentation, some suggest, could be that Beijing sets the terms of data and internet governance and technology standards in Asian countries and beyond. As the world moves into the next phase of the digital transformation, what was once viewed as a purely commerci"
+0,"The governments of Australia and the UK have signed a letter of intent (LoI) to establish a partnership on low emissions solutions including clean hydrogen and small modular reactors (SMRs). Meanwhile, the Australian Research Council (ARC) has awarded funding to a newly launched project to develop fuel for hydrogen-boron fusion which its participants say has the potential to re-establish Australia as a leader in fusion research and clean energy technology.
+
+Under the LoI signed on 29 July by Australia's Min"
+0,"Climate change is a global phenomenon that requires a global response.
+
+CSIS developed a Center-wide initiative dedicated to the relationship between climate and foreign policy, unlocking new opportunities for the United States to lead and advance U.S. interests through international engagement.
+
+Climate change is changing nearly all aspects of domestic and foreign policymaking from security to trade, development to global health; food security to energy; and nearly all multilateral and bilateral relationsh"
+0,"The Europe, Russia, and Eurasia program produces forward-looking analyses on transatlantic relations and political developments across Europe, Eurasia, and Turkey.
+
+The Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program’s work seeks to develop a deeper understanding of Europe’s political, security, and economic evolution and its future role in the world; geopolitical developments in the circumpolar Arctic; the implications of Russia’s foreign and defense policies for transatlantic security; and political and economic deve"
+0,"The Nuclear Threat Initiative is seeking a Senior Program Officer to join the NTI | bio team.
+
+NTI is a non-profit whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.
+
+The NTI | bio team’s mission is to reduce biological risk and enhance global biosecurity. We are working toward this goal by: promoting concrete actions to reduce risks posed by advances in biotechnology; identifying gaps in the capacity of individual countries to "
+0,"North Korea’s primary exporter of ballistic missile-related equipment and conventional weapons; owned by the North Korean government; overseen by the Second Economic Committee.
+
+Designated by the U.N. Security Council on April 24, 2009 pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006), requiring (with some exceptions) states to freeze immediately funds, financial assets and economic resources on their territories that are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the entity, and to ensure that funds, financial asset"
+0,"()
+
+If you are active on Twitter or Facebook and follow global news, this is probably not the first text you have read on what is currently happening in Aleppo. But if it is, then brace yourself for the worst before reading what follows.
+
+The northern Syrian city of Aleppo has been a key battleground in the conflict between the warring factions in Syria for the past four years. However, the latest developments since July 2016 have prompted a series of consecutive turning points in the city’s modern history,"
+0,"Please join CSIS and the International Security Program for a conversation on the potential military and budgetary implications of future NATO expansion. Past NATO expansion helped create a Europe whole, free, and at peace, but future expansion, should it occur, faces a hostile and militarily revitalized Russia. What might be the military requirements and resulting budget costs of extending NATO’s Article 5 commitment to countries such as Ukraine, Georgia, or Bosnia-Herzegovina, which are actively seeking N"
+0,"More governments must introduce policies to support the long-term operation (LTO) of nuclear plants with market reforms brought in to value the “non-power” benefits of nuclear alongside other clean energy technologies, the London-based World Nuclear Association said.
+
+In a position paper published on 30 June, the WNA said even where other options are cheaper and market conditions are challenging, nuclear plants offer many benefits beyond just electricity.
+
+Those benefits include a low-carbon lifecycle, base"
+0,"A prototype detector based on a system originally developed to help detect the presence of dark matter is about to undergo testing at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL). The liquid argon-based ALARM system offers significant improvements in detecting neutron and gamma radiation compared with existing technology, and could potentially be used to prevent the illicit movement of nuclear materials across international borders.
+
+Composite image of dark matter, galaxies, and hot gas in the core of the merging ga"
+0,"This workshop, organized by the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, the Stimson Center, and the Stanley Center, will bring together experts from government, industry, and the research community to discuss the potential challenges posed by the militarization of AI, as well as possible opportunities, and to elaborate ideas on how to mitigate the former while maximizing the latter.
+
+Few developments in science and technology hold as much promise for the future of humanity as the suite of technologie"
+0,"The Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) is located near Boiser in the Thane District of Maharashtra. Begun as India's first atomic power project, the Indian Government decided to utilize boiling water reactors (BWRs) for the plant. On 8 May 1964, a contract between the governments of India and the United States was signed for the construction of TAPS. One hundred and twenty Americans were involved in the project and the BWRs were supplied by the US company General Electric. Construction began in October 196"
+0,"Problems in electricity, fuel supply, poor roads and antiquated vehicles could complicate future humanitarian operations
+
+This is the second article in a three-part series on infrastructure risks in North Korea. Part I, covering water supply, food security, healthcare, and agriculture, can be found on NK Pro by clicking the link here."
+0,"Fortum, the operator of the Loviisa nuclear power plant in Finland, has strengthened operational safety in many areas, an expert team from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has concluded. The team evaluated the plant's progress in addressing the findings of an IAEA review in 2018.
+
+Operational Safety Review Team (OSART) missions aim to improve operational safety by objectively assessing safety performance using the IAEA's Safety Standards and proposing recommendations for improvement where appro"
+1,"Conditions at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant site have improved since a review in 2018, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has concluded following its fifth review of Japan's plans and activities to decommission the plant. The IAEA team of experts reviewed the current situation at the site and future plans in areas such as the removal of used fuel and the retrieval of fuel debris, radioactive waste, water and site management.
+
+The 12-member team - comprising nine from the IAEA and one "
+0,"Total Membership:
+
+Eighteen ratifications were required to bring the IAEA's Statute into force on 29 July 1957.
+
+In the list below, the year denotes year of membership. The names of States are not necessarily their historical designations.
+
+1957: Afghanistan; Albania; Argentina; Australia; Austria; Belarus; Brazil; Bulgaria; Canada; Cuba; Denmark; Dominican Republic; Egypt; El Salvador; Ethiopia; France; Germany; Greece; Guatemala; Haiti; Holy See; Hungary; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Israel; Italy; Japan; R"
+0,"Online Event
+
+The CSIS Project on Prosperity and Development invites you to join a virtual public event to discuss the prospects for the democratic movement in Cuba. The Covid-19 pandemic combined with economic crisis and deteriorating living conditions has resulted in widespread protests in Cuba against the regime and the lack of basic goods and services, specifically access to healthcare. The protests have led to arrests, large scale communication blackouts throughout and outside the island, and increased"
+0,"We live in an era of ubiquitous images and videos. Three-hundred and fifty million photographs are uploaded to Facebook every day. Gone are the days when vacation photographs were best shared in church basements on slide carousels. Today, images and videos are uploaded and instantaneously shared with friends and families around the world.
+
+Governments, too, use social media to announce military activities and signal to friends and foes alike. The United States, for example, distributes still images and vide"
+0,"The event will be webcast live from this page.
+
+The CSIS Energy Security & Climate Change Program is pleased to host Stephen Nalley, Acting Administrator of the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), and Angelina LaRose, Assistant Administrator for Energy Analysis, for a presentation and discussion of the EIA's International Energy Outlook 2021 (IEO2021), which will be released on October 6, 2021. A panel of EIA experts will take questions after the presentation.
+
+The IEO2021 presents long-term proje"
+0,"Uncertainty over funding model and China’s role in £20bn project
+
+The timeline for EDF to decide whether to go ahead with the £20bn Sizewell C nuclear power station has slipped because of a lengthy planning approval process and continuing negotiations over funding, The Telegraph reported."
+0,"The UK government today published a Call for Evidence that sets out its suggested approach to building the first advanced modular reactor (AMR) demonstrator. This will specifically explore high temperature gas reactors (HTGRs) as the most promising model for the demonstration programme, which ministers are investing GBP170 million (USD237 million) into delivering by the early 2030s.
+
+The move builds on the commitment made in the Energy White Paper and the Prime Minister’s Ten Point Plan for GBP170 million o"
+0,"Prominent ""Dear Leader"" author denies allegations of rape, blackmail and sexual coercion
+
+Image: AP Photo/Sylvia Hui | In this taken Thursday June 28, 2012 shows a former North Korean poet Jang Jin-sung, who wrote propaganda poems for Kim Jong Il before he defected to South Korea, speaking in London during an Olympics-tied poetry festival."
+0,"Please join the Trustee Chair in Chinese Business and Economics for a discussion of China’s business climate for foreign companies with Joerg Wuttke, president of the EU Chamber of Commerce in China, chief representative of BASF China and one of the world’s savviest analysts of China. The conversation will center around the release of the EU Chamber’s latest business confidence survey, an important metric regarding China’s openness to foreign investors. How are European companies reacting to China’s intensi"
+0,"With the potential to reduce the weight of vehicle components by up to 60%, carbon fiber composites is one of the most promising lightweight materials available to improve vehicle efficiency. However, its current inputs and manufacturing processes are expensive, severely limiting its use in most high-volume vehicle models. Fortunately, a new manufacturing technique based on research supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office may be able to cut the total cost by 20% while also using 75% less energy in the "
+0,"To limit the impacts of climate change, the world must rapidly reduce its dependency on fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Nuclear energy is low-carbon and can be deployed on a large scale at the timescale required, supplying the world with clean, reliable, and affordable electricity.
+
+Climate change – an accelerating global problem
+
+The United Nations has identified climate change as ""the defining issue of our time"", with the central aim of the 2015 Paris Agreement is to keep the rise in glob"
+0,"AEM-Technology has started the manufacture of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) for MBIR – the multipurpose sodium-cooled fast neutron research reactor that is under construction at the site of the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (NIIAR) at Dmitrovgrad, which is in Russia's Ulyanovsk region. AEM-Technology is part of Atomenergomash, itself a subsidiary of Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom.
+
+The MBIR is a 150 MWt, sodium-cooled fast reactor and will have a design life of up to 50 years. It will"
+0,"Seventy-seven-year-old Heinz Spahn, whose blue eyes are both twinkling and stern, vividly recalls his mining days. Zollverein, the mine where he worked in Essen, Germany, was so clogged with coal dust, he remembers, that people would stir up a black cloud whenever they moved. “It was no pony farm,” he says, using the sardonic German phrase to describe the harsh conditions. The noise was at a constant 110 decibels, and the men were nicknamed waschbar, or raccoons, for the black smudges that permanently adorn"
+0,"Over 40% of energy-related CO 2 emissions are due to the burning of fossil fuels for electricity generation.
+All electricity generation technologies emit greenhouse gases at some point in their life-cycle.
+Nuclear fission does not produce any CO 2. For both nuclear and renewable generation, emissions are produced indirectly, for example during the construction of the plant.
+Over its life-cycle, nuclear produces about the same amount of CO 2 -equivalent emissions per unit of electricity as wind, and one-thir"
+0,"Nuclear weapon overview
+
+Since its nuclear weapon tests in May 1998, India has been gradually working to improve its nuclear weapon stockpile and its missile delivery systems. In the years immediately after the tests, it was estimated that India had roughly 300 kilograms of weapon-grade plutonium. This amount is enough to make approximately 60 nuclear bombs. By July 2003, the Congressional Research Service estimated that India “is believed to have enough fissile material for 75-100 nuclear weapons.”
+
+Rajago"
+0,"The Hill
+July 14, 2017
+
+Today marks the two year anniversary of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Speaking from Vienna on July 14, 2015, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry heralded the nuclear agreement with Iran as “a measureable step away from the prospect of nuclear proliferation, towards transparency and cooperation.” Instead, the past two years have been characterized by secrecy and obfuscation. As a result, it is difficult to assess how well the agreement is working, and in particular Iran’s com"
+0,"The nuclear power industry and its supply chain already conforms with the environment, social and governance (ESG) principles being discussed by investors, delegates at the World Nuclear Fuel Cycle forum heard on 14 April. However, speakers in a session on ESG investments in the nuclear fuel cycle called for the industry to be more vocal in getting this message across.
+
+The panel in the ESG Investments in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle session of the World Nuclear Fuel Cycle forum
+
+Opening the session, moderator Ri"
+0,"Last week, North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un presented a detailed report to the Eighth Congress of the Workers’ Party of Korea highlighting the nation’s successes in building a nuclear force while also laying out the party’s plans for the next five years. Kim pledged to “further strengthen the nuclear war deterrent” by developing and fielding several new systems, including “ultra-modern tactical nuclear weapons,” “hypersonic gliding flight warheads,” “multi-warhead” missiles, reconnaissance satellites, a nuc"
+0,"As the clock struck midnight on October 10, 2020 in the capital city of the Democratic Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea), the central square in Pyongyang lit up with pomp and lights to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the Workers’ Party of Korea. The edited version of the event was broadcast the next day with the North Korean leader kicking off the festivities by expressing self-reflection, emotional about the hardships his people suffered this year, and sending good wishes to "
+0,"On 2 and 3 July 2019, the NIM Programme’s Legal Officer Leanna Burnard presented and conducted a workshop on the international legal framework for chemicals and chemical wastes in Vientiane, Laos.
+
+On 2 and 3 July 2019, the NIM Programme’s Legal Officer Leanna Burnard presented and conducted a workshop on the international legal framework for chemicals and chemical wastes in Vientiane, Laos.
+
+The mission was part of the European Union Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence (EU "
+0,"A new study published yesterday by the New Nuclear Watch Institute (NNWI) finds that the ""supposed dependency concerns"" associated with the host-vendor relationship in the nuclear energy sector are ""historically and practically unfounded"". The report - Energy Security in the Age of Net-Zero Ambitions and the System Value of Nuclear Power - focuses on the issue of energy security and the important contributions that nuclear power can make towards maintaining and strengthening it as energy systems decarbonise"
+0,"Video Url
+
+Batteries have changed a lot in the past century, but there is still work to do. Improving this type of energy storage technology will have dramatic impacts on the way Americans travel and the ability to incorporate renewable energy into the nation’s electric grid.
+
+On the transportation side, the Energy Department is working to reduce the costs and weight of electric vehicle batteries while increasing their energy storage and lifespan. The Department is also supports research, development and de"
+0,"The nuclear technology research and development centre (CNTRD) Russia is building in the Bolivian city of El Alto will serve as a model not only for Latin America but for the global nuclear industry, Rusatom Overseas President Evgeny Pakermanov said in an interview with World Nuclear News. Rusatom Overseas is a subsidiary of Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom, which in July announced the start of construction works for a research reactor facility at the CNTRD.
+
+What will the CNTRD offer?
+
+It will off"
+0,"The Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) supervises nine military factories, including the Arab-British Dynamics Company, the Helwan Aircraft Factory, the Helwan Engine Factory, the Kader Factory for Developing Industries, and the Sakr Factory for Developed Industries. [1]
+
+In 1975, intending to surpass Israeli military production by combining forces, Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) formed the AOI. Egypt also viewed the AOI as an opportunity to use Gulf capital and We"
+0,"Ask Live Questions Here
+
+The event will be webcast live from this page.
+
+Last month’s rapid withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces from Afghanistan and the collapse of the Afghan government have sent geopolitical shockwaves throughout Eurasia. Although the Taliban leadership has provided assurances that they will not allow Afghanistan to be used to launch attacks against Russia or neighboring countries, concerns about their ability to fulfill their promises remain. As Taliban assumes de facto control of the gov"
+0,"The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has suspended North Korea until the end of 2022 in response to its “unilateral decision” not to participate in the Tokyo Summer Games earlier this year.
+
+The decision, announced Wednesday, comes after the closing ceremony of the Tokyo Paralympics earlier this week. North Korea did not send a delegation to either event this summer."
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+For decades, illicit trade in nuclear materials, equipment, and technologies has undermined global nuclear non-proliferation efforts. Sophisticated actors establish front companies, forge documents, and launder money to obscure proliferation activities, and are too often able to evade detection—even as they operate within legal systems of trade, finance, transportation, and communication.
+
+They do leave footprints, however, and now, with an increase in the volume and variety of publicly a"
+1,"By
+
+North Korea may have restarted its five-megawatt reactor, which it has historically used to produce plutonium to support its nuclear weapons program, according to a new report by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
+
+Although the reactor, located at the Yongbyon complex, was inoperative from December 2018 until July 2021, the discharge of cooling water from the reactor suggests it may now be operational, the report, issued Aug. 27, said.
+
+The IAEA does not have an on-site presence in North Kor"
+0,"Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed an executive order, On the Strategy for Developing the Russian Arctic Zone and Ensuring National Security until 2035, which foresees the construction of at least five new nuclear-powered icebreakers of the Project 22220 series, and three of the Project 10510 series. The vessels are needed to ensure year-round navigation along the Northern Sea Route.
+
+Project 10510, also known through the Russian type size series designations LK-110Ya and LK-120Ya or the project na"
+0,"For as long as we have nuclear weapons, the United States must ensure they are safe, secure, and reliable. A drive to modernize the U.S. nuclear arsenal is underway, including upgrades to weapons, delivery systems, and the command-and-control infrastructure that allows communication throughout the chain of command and with decision-makers."
+0,"The US Department of Energy (DOE) and Norway’s Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to advance a cooperative project to eliminate all of Norway’s highly enriched uranium (HEU) by downblending it to low-enriched uranium. The MoU calls for downblending activities to begin in 2022 using Norway's existing infrastructure, followed by the eventual deployment of the DOE's Mobile Melt-Consolidate system.
+
+The MoU was signed in the USA by Secretary of Energy Jenni"
+0,"Summary
+
+Latin America’s existing predicament stems from a complex set of interlinked social, economic, and political crises, which have been magnified by the advent of the coronavirus pandemic and a rising tide of isolationism and “antiglobalism.” These crises range from domestic polarization and economic travails, to ideological divergence, personal rivalries among the region’s leaders and U.S.-Chinese geopolitical competition, and all are hampering regional governance and negatively impacting the prospec"
+0,"Last Friday, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga announced that he would not run in the upcoming presidential election of the governing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), essentially meaning that the prime minister of Japan will change early next month.
+
+He or she will have to confront important security and foreign policy challenges from North Korea. Here, Japan will be largely consistent and hard-line regardless of who the next LDP leader, and the country’s next prime minister, is."
+0,"The recent test-launch of a modified Russian ballistic missile has nuclear arms reduction opponents up in arms with claims that Russia is fielding a new missile in violation of arms control agreements and that the United States therefore should not pursue further reductions of nuclear forces.
+
+The fact that the Russian name of the modified missile – Rubezh – sounds a little like rubbish is a coincidence, but it fits some of the complaints pretty well.
+
+Although many of the facts are missing – what the missi"
+0,"World nuclear generating capacity is set to continue its upward trend with demand for uranium fuel increasing over the period to 2040, according to the projections in the latest edition of World Nuclear Association's Nuclear Fuel Report. Uranium resources are more than enough to meet that demand, but intense development of new projects will be needed in the current decade to avoid potential supply disruptions.
+
+Nuclear generation capacity is expected to grow by 2.6% annually, reaching 615 GWe by 2040 in the"
+0,"Key Highlights
+
+Compared to our September report, this update discovered a much larger Spanish-language news network of COVID-19 vaccine stories with embedded malware files for all major vaccines. Now, through link-shortening services such as bit.ly, a third-party has disseminated vaccine-related malware across Latin America.
+The news of a possible adverse reaction to the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine triggered a wave of social media activity. The volume of shares, mentions, and tweets formed an ideal entry-po"
+0,"This piece is part of the CSIS International Security Program’s Transition46 series on Defense360.
+
+In times of political transition, space experts around the country thank their lucky stars that space policy is mostly bipartisan. Sure, there are occasional political lines drawn around the big stuff—like going back to the Moon or heading straight for the Red Planet—but for the most part, political ideology factors little into space policy. Space was a priority for the Trump administration, and the space com"
+0,"SASTIND is the premier civilian regulatory authority in China and reports directly to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). [1] Their primary responsibilities include drafting guidelines, policies, laws and regulations related to science, technology and industry for national defense. [2] This includes researching future weapon systems, scientific development of dual-use systems, and managing the exports of developed weaponry. [3] Universities researching defense technologies report dir"
+0,"An international task force is sharing R&D to develop six Generation IV nuclear reactor technologies. Four are fast neutron reactors.
+All of these operate at higher temperatures than today's reactors. In particular, four are designated for hydrogen production.
+All six systems represent advances in sustainability, economics, safety, reliability and proliferation-resistance.
+Europe is pushing ahead with three of the fast reactor designs.
+A separate programme set up by regulators aims to develop multinational "
+0,"The China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General (CLTC) is dedicated to telemetry, tracking, and command of Chinese space missions. Specifically, the CLTC affords control services for satellite launches, as well as rocket, satellite, and spacecraft tracking. It develops and manufactures satellite control components, monitoring equipment, and launch site structures. The organization directly controls and oversees all of China’s space missions, space launch centers; and telemetry, tracking, and command"
+0,"The Belt Road Initiative (BRI) has rapidly become a landmark program for international infrastructure development due to its massive scale, speed, and range of international partnerships. The focus of this dialogue will be BRI energy infrastructure investment in Southeast, South, and Central Asia, covering projects such as electricity generation capacity, grids, and mini-grids.
+
+Energy infrastructure investment is a critical component of the ability for BRI countries to meet the ambitions outlined by the Pa"
+0,"Slovenia has shared a nuclear power reactor with Croatia since 1981.
+The country is currently considering adding a second unit at the Krško nuclear power plant.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 16.3 TWh
+
+Generation mix: nuclear 5.8 TWh (36%); coal 4.9 TWh (30%); hydro 4.6 TWh (28%); natural gas 0.5 TWh (3%); biofuels & waste 0.3 TWh; solar 0.3 TWh.
+
+Import/export balance: 0.5 TWh net export
+
+Total consumption: 13.7 TWh
+
+Per capita consumption: c. 6600 kWh in 2018
+
+Source: International Energ"
+0,"38 North announces the release of a new 3D panorama of facilities at the Sohae Satellite Launching Station (also referred to as Tongchang-ri). Based on satellite imagery of the site and photos of the facility, this panorama presents a reconstruction of the Sohae Launch Control Center exterior.
+
+The next release will model the interior of the Launch Control Center main room.
+
+The Launch Control Center panorama is part of an ongoing project by Nathan J. Hunt, and is exclusive to 38 North. Panorama © 2015 Nath"
+0,"The image above is for illustration only; and the mention of any individual, company, organization, or other entity in this paper does not imply the violation of any law or international agreement on their part and should not be construed as such. The views expressed herein are those of the author alone.
+
+Summary
+
+Political, business, and cultural elites from around the world have a strong affinity for the United Kingdom (UK) education system. Nowhere is this truer than in West Africa, where some families i"
+0,"There are important lessons to be learned from the approaches that led to the rapid deployment of vaccines in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, James Naismith, professor of structural biology at the University of Oxford and director of the Rosalind Franklin Institute, told World Nuclear Association's Thinking Outside the Dome - Strategic eForum on Nuclear Innovation. The following is the text of his speech.
+
+""Governments across the world have been funding so-called blue-sky research for a long time, "
+0,"On 8 May 2015, Reaching Critical Will’s Director Ray Acheson spoke at a side event during the NPT Review Conference that examined the challenge of cultivating a political consensus around the view that nuclear weapons are so singularly inhumane we ought categorically to reject their use, whatever purposes they may be said to serve. The event was organised by the International Law and Policy Institute (ILPI) and the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR).
+
+Thank you very much for UNIDIR a"
+0,"Although the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) appears to have succeeded in preventing the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 virus) from entering its borders, the drastic isolation measures have hurt its economy and taken a toll on the vulnerable population. As the pandemic shows no sign of abating, the country will need to explore a path to reopening while minimizing the risk to its people. Vaccines, while not a panacea, are indispensable to any strategy for reopening. However, questions have been raised "
+0,"Former high-level diplomat was Seoul’s chief negotiator with North Korea from 2009 to 2011
+
+Image: NK News | Wi Sung-lac at Jeju Forum, 2021
+
+The U.S.-DPRK denuclearization talks were doomed once former President Donald Trump signed a joint statement with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in Singapore, a former chief nuclear negotiator for South Korea told NK News."
+0,"Military metaphors suffuse discussions of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is a “wartime effort.” Many commentators, particularly at the beginning of the pandemic, wanted to “send in the military” and appoint a “military czar.” This report considers two questions. First, how has the military coped with ensuring its own readiness during the pandemic? Second, how do militaries best support the civilian response to the pandemic? Answers to these questions will not just help the United States prepare for the next publ"
+0,"Enter the “Quantum Zoo of International Relations”—our main attraction is a towering behemoth machine with tiger stripes of tubes, wires, and a long steel cylinder snout. Peering into the cage with intense curiosity, states are increasingly studying quantum computers to gain a technical edge in cybersecurity and intelligence operations and promote economic growth.
+
+Quantum computers are highly advanced machines that can solve complex mathematical problems more efficiently than classical computers (an impres"
+0,"The U.S. Department of Commerce licensed more than $1.5 billion worth of sensitive U.S. exports to Iraq from 1985 to 1990. [1] Most were “dual-use” items, capable of making nuclear weapons or long-range missiles if diverted from their claimed civilian purposes.
+
+On March 11, 1991, the Commerce Department released a list of those licenses. The list showed the equipment approved, the date, the value, the buyer in Iraq and the claimed Iraqi end use. This report is an analysis of the list. It shows, beyond any "
+0,"Examining climate action through the corporate and national lenses
+
+While the challenges of dealing with climate change are often assumed to be similar worldwide, the approach that each country takes is highly dependent on their overall development status, their political economy, governance structure, existing natural resources, and a variety of other factors. The diverse array of pledges made as part of the Paris Climate Agreement makes it clear that each country has a different approach to its own climat"
+0,"For the past several months, the Stanley Center and Impact:Peace have been exploring the connections between urban violence and mass violence. The goal of this project is to understand and identify opportunities for city leaders and community actors to build peace-oriented resilience while also addressing risk factors that, if left unattended, could lead to identity-based mass violence. Municipal organizations tend to be highly practical in their orientation. This presents tremendous opportunity for engagem"
+0,"NuScale Power and Ukraine's State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SSTC NRS) have announced the signature of an agreement to start work on the evaluation of national regulatory and design processes related to the implementation of NuScale small modular reactor (SMR) technology in Ukraine.
+
+What a NuScale SMR-based power plant could look like (Image: NuScale)
+
+Under the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which was signed at NuScale's Portland, Oregon headquarters in January, "
+0,"Despite growing pressure on civil society activists and opposition leaders, grassroots environmental activism is on the rise in Russia. How have these movements evolved and adapted? What forms do they take now? And what is the future of environmental activism in Russia?
+
+The last few years have witnessed growing environmental awareness across Russia’s regions, both according to polls and the number of observed protest movements and campaigns. (A good mapping of such protests can be found on crowd-sourcing p"
+1,"This multi-year project provides a new assessment of North Korean WMD capabilities using open sources.
+
+A New Look at the North Korean Nuclear Fuel Cycle
+
+Our project partners at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (CNS) are systematically examining available open sources on the North Korean nuclear fuel cycle to provide a new baseline assessment of DPRK nuclear infrastructure.
+
+VERTIC are using fuel cycle modelling software, provided by the UK’s National Nuclear Laboratory, to est"
+0,"A common misconception about advanced nuclear technologies is that they are largely conceptual and will not be commercialised in time to contribute to meeting near-term climate goals, but a comprehensive look at global efforts to develop advanced nuclear reveals rapid progress towards commercialisation and operation, write Clean Air Task Force, ClearPath, Nuclear Innovation Alliance, Pillsbury and Third Way.
+
+""With numerous projects under way and multiple policies recently enacted to support advanced reacto"
+0,"Uranium is the main fuel for nuclear reactors, and it can be found in many places around the world. In order to make the fuel, uranium is mined and goes through refining and enrichment before being loaded into a nuclear reactor.
+
+The mining of uranium
+
+Uranium is found in small amounts in most rocks, and even in seawater. Uranium mines operate in many countries, but more than 85% of uranium is produced in six countries: Kazakhstan, Canada, Australia, Namibia, Niger, and Russia.
+
+Historically, conventional m"
+0,"This piece is part of the CSIS International Security Program’s Transition46 series on Defense360.
+
+In times of political transition, space experts around the country thank their lucky stars that space policy is mostly bipartisan. Sure, there are occasional political lines drawn around the big stuff—like going back to the Moon or heading straight for the Red Planet—but for the most part, political ideology factors little into space policy. Space was a priority for the Trump administration, and the space com"
+0,"Two workers died at the site on 11 March as a result of the tsunami, but scientists have found no evidence of radiation-induced health effects"
+0,"First unit planned for far east republic could be operational by 2028, says Rosatom
+
+Russia says it faces inevitable challenges with plans to build its first land-based small modular reactor because of poor transport infrastructure in the eastern public of Yakutia, but is confident the project will go ahead and that the country has a big enough domestic market for serial SMR production – which could begin as soon as 2030."
+0,"When the 50 th anniversary of the capture of the USS Pueblo hit a few weeks ago, the nation’s eyes briefly returned to this forgotten American spy ship that had been captured in the East Sea in January 1968. For a few days, the internet was awash in stories related to this long-forgotten tragedy. Some described the terrible consequences for the 82 crewmen who were beaten and tortured for almost a year in DPRK prison camps. [1] Other articles attempted to draw lessons from the 1968 crisis that could be appli"
+0,"The Issue
+
+Armed conflicts were on the rise before 2020, and Covid-19 did little to change that; however, the pandemic has led to other forms of violence and indirectly affected the health, humanitarian, economic, and governance issues often at the root of violent conflict.
+Policymakers and donors should prioritize peacebuilding and conflict prevention programming, integrating them into humanitarian assistance efforts and moving beyond emergency pandemic response.
+
+Since the early days of the Covid-19 pande"
+0,"The INIS Repository contains bibliographic references and full-text documents of conventional and non-conventional literature, including scientific and technical reports, conference proceedings, patents and theses.
+
+It covers all areas of IAEA’s activities, including nuclear engineering and technology, nuclear safety and radiation protection, safeguards and non-proliferation, applications of nuclear and isotope techniques, nuclear and high energy physics, nuclear and radiation chemistry, nuclear application"
+0,"1953: Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), developer of the Shavit rocket, is established.
+
+1965: France contracts to supply Jericho missiles to Israel.
+
+1968: U.S. intelligence reports say Israel has made nuclear weapons.
+
+1973: Israel deploys Jericho missiles, probably with nuclear warheads, during the October Arab-Israeli war.
+
+1975: United States supplies Israel with nuclear-capable Lance missiles.
+
+1983: Israel Space Agency is founded in Tel Aviv.
+
+May 1986: The United States and Israel sign a memorandum "
+0,"This paper is part of the CSIS Understanding the Russian Military Today executive education program.
+
+Emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs) are often perceived as carrying the potential to revolutionize governmental structures, economies, militaries, and entire societies. Russian leadership shares that belief. The Kremlin perceives the ability to innovate as a capability of a great power, helping to achieve the goals in strategic competition. Russia recognizes that EDTs will be fundamental to the coun"
+0,"Preserving the existing fleet of nuclear plants, driving the development of advanced reactors and investing in nuclear R&D are all essential to the USA's clean energy transition, Jennifer Granholm, secretary of the US Department of Energy (DOE), stressed this week. Speaking at the annual general meeting of the American Nuclear Society, Granholm told nuclear industry workers and students watching the webinar: ""We need you"".
+
+Jennifer Granholm, US energy secretary, speaking at the ANS meeting on 14 June.
+
+""Pr"
+0,"Overview
+
+Signed: 26 May 1972
+Entered into Force: 3 October 1972
+Duration: Five years, unless replaced earlier by an agreement on more complete measures limiting strategic offensive arms.
+Parties: Soviet Union and United States
+
+Treaty Text
+
+Background
+
+The earliest efforts to halt the growth in strategic arms launched on a multilateral level and using comprehensive schemes ended in failure. In January 1964, at the Geneva-based Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee (ENDC), the United States proposed a verif"
+0,"No mention of Kims, coolness toward unification and revival of communism offer guideposts for next several years
+
+Andrei Lankov
+
+By far the most serious revision in the new Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) rules is the creation of the “ first secretary ” position, along with other measures that appear to prepare for the death or incapacitation of Kim Jong Un.
+
+But the new statutes also contain a number of other meaningful revisions that warrant consideration, including the elimination of any mention of the Kim"
+0,"This Q&A with Allen S. Weiner was originally published on the Stanford Law School website.
+
+As the Taliban’s forces closed in on Kabul on Sunday, August 15, 2021, the Afghan President Ashraf Ghani left his country, the acting U.S. ambassador was evacuated, the American flag on the embassy in the country’s capital lowered—and the Biden administration’s plans for an orderly withdrawal of troops, diplomats, and Afghan aids and translators by the anniversary of 9/11 dashed as a scramble for the door becomes mor"
+0,"In order to help the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) evaluate the safety of the next generation of nuclear power reactors, fuel cycle facilities and fuel technologies, researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have been expanding their severe accident modelling computer code, called Melcor, to work with different reactor geometries, fuel types and coolant systems.
+
+Sandia and the NRC have worked together for decades to advance the understanding of system performance under accident conditions. This "
+0,"The Stanley Center (then the Stanley Foundation) began publishing Courier magazine more than three decades ago to share with concerned global citizens around the world information and perspectives gained in the course of our work. Media-driven public outreach efforts now part of our legacy included the Common Ground radio program, syndicated radio specials, and World Press Review— a monthly magazine that brought articles and analyses on global issues published outside of the United States to a domestic audi"
+0,"In the ninth edition of Talking Urban Futures in Africa, Judd Devermont sits down with journalist Kinley Salmon to explore the phenomenon of unfinished buildings in sub-Saharan Africa. Where are they, why are they still standing, and what causes infrastructure projects to stall? Judd and Kinley also discuss some potential solutions, including clearer property rights, construction financing, and government-funded housing for lower-income families. Plus, they explore how international partners can work with A"
+0,"Bilateral relations between North Korea and Malaysia share similar characteristics to other ties between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korean (DPRK) and its friends in the Global South based on their shared ideology of anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism. [1] Despite the recent rupture, Malaysia’s previously close relationship with North Korea could yet provide hope of reconciliation, as did the North’s up and down relationship with Burma/Myanmar over the years. Humanitarian cooperation between the "
+0,"Ending the Trump-era travel ban would have been consistent with many stated US goals, despite some diplomatic risks
+
+Chad O'Carroll"
+0,"The declassification process has been overwhelmed by the flood of classified records awaiting review, said Sen. Ron Wyden last week. “I intend to push the Director of National Intelligence to fix a broken declassification system,” he said.
+
+One highly effective way to begin fixing the declassification system would be to set a maximum period of time that information can remain classified. This maximum lifetime for classification is sometimes referred to as a “drop dead” date.
+
+Records that reach the drop dea"
+0,"As the impacts of climate change ripple across the globe, lithium’s importance as a strategic mineral will increase exponentially to become an essential component for the clean energy systems of the future. The creation of lithium-ion batteries in 1991 transformed electric technology by virtue of their power as rechargeable, lightweight batteries that could store large amounts of energy. In the past five years alone, demand for lithium-ion batteries has skyrocketed, with the price of lithium doubling betwee"
+0,"A key oil pipeline at the North Korea-China border recently appeared to undergo repairs or possibly an expansion, NK Pro has found, as North Korea faces continuing economic difficulties from their prolonged pandemic lockdown and mismanaged natural disasters.
+
+According to NK Pro analysis of recent satellite imagery, construction work began in April both at China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co. facilities on the edge of the Yalu River and across the water on North Korean territory."
+0,"Spanish Translation (cries.org)
+
+Venezuela is experiencing a major political, economic, and humanitarian crisis, and the effects of this crisis have a regional impact. The Venezuelan government continues to take antidemocratic actions, the internal economic collapse is accelerating, violations of the rights of Venezuelans are increasing, shortages are worsening, and the overall situation has become increasingly unstable. As a result, large segments of the population are forced to leave Venezuela to escape t"
+0,"A new NTI paper, The Global Nuclear Security Architecture: Closing Gaps to Build Greater Assurance, Accountability, and Action, provides an overview of today’s nuclear security architecture, identifies areas of weakness, and recommends ways to close gaps.
+
+Drawing from data and analysis from two signature NTI projects, the Global Dialogue on Nuclear Security Priorities and the NTI Nuclear Security Index (NTI Index), the paper finds significant limitations to the current patchwork that includes individual st"
+0,"Four-reactor facility will provide around 25% of the UAE’s electricity
+
+Unit 2 of the four-unit Barakah nuclear power station in the United Arab Emirates has started up – less than five months after the identical Unit 1 became the first commercial reactor in the Arab world to begin full operation."
+0,"“Siloed Thinking,” authored by Research Associate Matt Korda, reviews the fundamental role of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in US nuclear strategy and examines the Pentagon’s justifications for pursuing an ICBM replacement program.
+
+The report ultimately suggests that these justifications were based on flawed assumptions, and many have since been deprioritized. The report also suggests that the initial outcome favoring a brand-new ICBM replacement program was largely predetermined by arbitrary"
+0,"The China Poly Group Corporation (the Poly Group) is the successor company to Poly Technologies, which was founded in 1984 to compete with China North Industry Corporation (NORINCO). [2] Poly Technologies was initially the main commercial export arm under the Equipment Department of the General Staff Department of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), and operated out of China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC). [3] Poly Technologies coordinated the sales of the Dong Fang-3 (DF-3) intermed"
+0,"Kazatomprom plans to maintain 2023 uranium production at a similar level to 2022, which it says would remove up to 5,000 tU from anticipated global primary supply. The Kazakh company also said its sale of a 49% share of Ortalyk LLP to a subsidiary of China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGNP) will now be completed at the end of July.
+
+(Image: Kazatomprom)
+
+""Consistent with our market-centric strategy, we intend to continue exercising commercial discipline, which will result in 2023 production remaining "
+0,"When US President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin held their first summit in Geneva last month, cyber weapons played a larger role on the agenda than the nuclear kind. Clearly the world has changed since the Cold War, but what, if anything, did Biden accomplish?
+
+For more than two decades, Russia has proposed a United Nations cyber treaty. But the United States regarded such a pact as unverifiable. Unlike nuclear weapons, the difference between a cyber weapon and other computer code can depen"
+0,"This report examines the implications of scientific innovations and emerging technologies on geopolitics in Northeast Asia. It focuses on five areas: (1) data-driven techniques and software-intensive technologies, (2) advanced materials and supply chains, (3) cybersecurity, (4) uncrewed systems and robotics, and (5) space technologies, including satellites and missiles. The applications of today’s emerging technologies are exacerbating regional tensions, bringing new considerations to longstanding security "
+0,"In Trust & Verify’ s first Verification Watch article, Researcher Elena Gai writes about the Hanoi Summit between US President Donald Trump and DPRK Chairman Kim Jong-Un. Before one thinks about how to verify, it is essential to consider what to verify. While there has been some progress on denuclearisation, much more remains to be done.
+
+The Hanoi Summit and its consequences
+Elena Gai
+
+On 27-28 February a second bilateral meeting between US President Donald Trump and the North Korean Chairman Kim Jong-Un t"
+0,"A decades-long effort to clean and transform the former Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant has been completed, marking the first-ever removal of a uranium enrichment complex, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Environmental Management (EM) has announced. The site in Tennessee has been transformed into a multi-use industrial park.
+
+The Oak Ridge site as it looks today (Image: DOE EM)
+
+Jay Mullis, manager of DOE's Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management, said it was hard to convey the magnitude o"
+0,"Decommissioning of the RBMK reactor at Leningrad 1 has reached a milestone with the removal of all fuel from the reactor core. Rosenergoatom plans to use some of the fuel in the two RBMK reactors which remain in operation at the Leningrad site.
+
+A worker operates the fuel handling machine on top of the Leningrad 1 reactor core (Image: Rosatom)
+
+After 45 years of power generation, Leningrad 1 was shut down permanently in December 2018. The owner and operator of the plant, Rosenergoatom, began to move used fu"
+1,"As we are waiting to see whether UNSC Resolution 2270 will have any effect, it is worthwhile to collate what we know from a variety of sources about North Korea’s nuclear and missile capabilities. Multiple theories exist about the big push that Kim Jong Un is making with respect to these programs, none altogether mutually exclusive. One is that he is seeking leverage in advance of being constrained to negotiate. A second is that the weapons program has become a key pillar of consolidating power domestically"
+1,"38 North recently interviewed Dr. Siegfried S. Hecker, renowned expert on North Korea’s nuclear program and a senior fellow emeritus at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University, about the status of North Korea’s plutonium and uranium enrichment production and implications for the North’s nuclear arsenal. Below are excerpts from that interview.
+
+38 North: Recent assessments of North Korea’s nuclear program estimate that they may have up to 90 nuclear weapons. What do you "
+1,"A 38 North exclusive with analysis by Frank V. Pabian and Jack Liu
+
+Commercial satellite imagery of North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center from December 2018 indicates that while the site remains operational and is still well maintained, the main facilities do not appear to be operating. The one possible exception is the Uranium Enrichment Plant (UEP), although if it is operating, in what capacity remains unclear.
+
+What Explains Snow Melt at the UEP Plant
+
+Imagery from December 19, 2018 s"
+0,"Romania and the USA have started cooperation work towards the expansion and modernisation of the Cernavoda nuclear power plant. A working meeting last week followed a series of strategic agreements by Romania.
+
+The owner of the Cernavoda plant, Nuclearelectrica, announced on 30 July that a working meeting had begun with a delegation from the US Department of Energy (DOE). This was led by Kathryn Huff, the acting assistant secretary and principal deputy assistant secretary. The company said the visit, ""envis"
+0,"The Biden-Harris administration recently launched a strategy for addressing the root causes of migration in Central America. This critical questions summarizes the strategy then analyzes how it is different from previous efforts, how it aligns with other administration priorities and international efforts, and what success could look like.
+
+Q1: What is the Biden-Harris administration’s strategy to address root causes of migration in Central America?
+
+A1: The newly released U.S Strategy for Addressing the Ro"
+0,"MPs debate redundancies at Westinghouse site in northern England
+
+The manufacturing capability of the UK’s sole civil nuclear fuel manufacturing site at Springfields is vital to the country’s energy security and any loss of skills there would be “shocking” and jeopardise the government’s ambitious nuclear programme and its climate goals, MPs were told."
+0,"Share
+
+Westinghouse, the UK National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) and Terrestrial Energy have announced a partnership in the UK to advance the industrial scale up and commercial supply of enriched uranium fuel for use in Terrestrial's Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR). An agreement between the three defines the process for delivering IMSR fuel for commercial use, concurrent with schedules for commercial operation of IMSR power plants.
+
+The IMSR is a Generation IV advanced nuclear power plant, which is being d"
+0,"Co-hosted with UNODA, the VERTIC seminar on 3 May examined the role of verification in multilateral arms control and the development of verification standards and techniques as a way to re-energise nuclear disarmament discussions.
+
+Co-hosted with UNODA, the VERTIC seminar on 3 May examined the role of verification in multilateral arms control and the development of verification standards and techniques as a way to re-energise nuclear disarmament discussions.
+
+Speakers included:
+
+Ambassador Guilherme de Agui"
+0,"This policy brief is based on "" A Model Humanitarian Intervention? Reassessing NATO's Libya Campaign,"" which appears in the Summer 2013 issue of International Security.
+
+Bottom Lines
+
+• The Conventional Wisdom Is Wrong. Libya's 2011 uprising was never peaceful, but instead was armed and violent from the start. Muammar al-Qaddafi did not target civilians or resort to indiscriminate force. Although inspired by humanitarian impulse, NATO's intervention did not aim mainly to protect civilians, but rather to ove"
+0,"Middle East kingdom is building four commercial reactors, the first in the Arab World
+
+The United Arab Emirates has used the International Atomic Energy Agency’s milestones approach to the construction of new nuclear power plants to establish a comprehensive and systematic guide that can be followed by other newcomer countries planning commercial reactors, a side event at the IAEA’s general conference was told."
+0,"The 1999 to 2001 command-and-control reforms transferred Pakistan ’s nuclear weaponization programs, including missile development, to the National Defense Complex (NDC) and its supervisory organization, the National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM). As of 2008, NDC remains the focal point for Pakistan’s missile development programs. [2] Jane’s credits NDC for the redesign of several models, including the Hatf-2/Abdali, Hatf-3/Ghaznavi, Hatf-4/Shaheen-1, and Hatf-6/Shaheen-2 missiles originall"
+0,"Status
+
+Currently being discussed in the Conference on Disarmament (CD).
+
+Background
+
+In 1959, the UN General Assembly established the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) in Resolution 1472 (XIV). This committee identified areas for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, devised programs to be undertaken by the United Nations, encouraged research on matters relating to outer space, and studied legal problems arising from the exploration of outer space.
+
+During the "
+0,European council and European parliament negotiators have reached a provisional political agreement setting into law the objective of a climate-neutral EU by 2050.
+0,"In these first, early drawings from Neumann Monson Architects, we can begin to see much of our vision taking form. A significant portion of the building will be removed to make room for an outdoor garden.
+
+Skylights and plantings will fill the new atrium with a natural, inviting feeling.
+
+Exterior cladding will help insulate the building during Iowa’s hot summers and cold winters. Solar panels and rainwater capture systems will make the building truly sustainable. And space for connecting and collaborating "
+0,"The US Department of Energy and Norway’s ministry of trade, industry, and fisheries have signed a memorandum of understanding to advance a project aimed at eliminating Norway’s high-enriched uranium (HEU) by downblending it to low-enriched uranium."
+0,"Nuclear energy, as an asset class, has the potential to report well against a wide range of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) data collection and accounting metrics, according to a new report from the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). This should allow nuclear energy to be considered as an investable asset class, thereby allowing nuclear companies and projects to access climate finance.
+
+(Image: GIF)
+
+The report - titled Nuclear Energy: An ESG Investible Asset Class - was produced by a finan"
+0,"US nuclear waste disposal company Deep Isolation has been awarded a contract to conduct a borehole feasibility study for ARAO, Slovenia's radioactive waste management organisation. The study will examine whether a deep borehole repository could dispose of used fuel from Slovenia's TRIGA II research reactor at the Josef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana.
+
+The 1960s-era reactor - one of 66 of its kind worldwide - produces radioactive isotopes for medical research and for training. It is scheduled to be shut down "
+0,"To mark the 35th anniversary of the Chornobyl nuclear accident, we are publishing a documentary from the IAEA's archives: the International Chernobyl Project (1991).
+
+The film may look dated now but it tells an important story – of international collaboration and support following the accident.
+
+The film covers a project launched in 1990 at the request of the Government of the Soviet Union to assess the environmental and health situation in the areas impacted by the accident, and to evaluate the measures ta"
+0,"On 30 November 2020, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) held a virtual Orientation Workshop for the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC).
+
+The online workshop provided a basic introduction to the BWC and addressed some of the key issues facing the Convention. It consisted of several short segments covering the topics international cooperation and assistance; science and technology; transparency and compliance; and national implementation.
+
+VERTIC’s Senior Legal Officer Yasemin Bal"
+0,"The Nuclear Weapons Convention (NWC) is a proposed treaty which, if adopted, would outlaw the use, possession, development, testing, deployment, and transfer of nuclear weapons, as well as mandate internationally verifiable dismantlement of nuclear arsenals. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapon (NPT) obliges its states parties to pursue good-faith negotiations toward nuclear disarmament. However, many non-nuclear weapons states and disarmament activists have been disappointed by the perceiv"
+0,"Kenya has made progress in implementing the recommendations of an earlier International Atomic Energy Agency nuclear infrastructure review mission, but further work is needed in areas such as the development of a nuclear leadership programme and the ratification of international conventions in the area of nuclear safety.
+
+The IAEA said the follow-up integrated nuclear infrastructure review (INIR) mission took place from 8 to 11 June 2021. It assessed the country’s progress on recommendations from an INIR mi"
+0,"Over the July 4 weekend, the Russian-based cybercriminal organization REvil claimed credit for hacking into as many as 1,500 companies. In May, another cybercriminal group, DarkSide shut down most of the operations of Colonial Pipeline. These incidents were bad enough.
+
+Over the July 4 weekend, the Russian-based cybercriminal organization REvil claimed credit for hacking into as many as 1,500 companies. In May, another cybercriminal group, DarkSide shut down most of the operations of Colonial Pipeline. Thes"
+0,"Pictured here is an animation showing the basic mechanics of how an internal combustion engine works. With support from the Energy Department, General Motors researchers developed a new technology -- the Intake Valve Lift Control -- that is helping save fuel and lower emissions in the 2014 Chevy Impala. As visualized in the closeup of the graphic, the Intake Valve Lift Control can operate at two different lift and duration modes -- only allowing the optimum amount of fuel and air mixture in the combustion c"
+0,"Libya operates a Soviet-supplied research reactor at the Tajura Nuclear Research Center, located about 60 kilometers east of Tripoli. The 10-megawatt reactor started operation in 1983 and is open to international inspection.
+
+Libya is a member of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), but the United States Government has determined that Libya wants to build the bomb. In its 1994 Annual Report, the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) concludes: “Libya has demonstrated a continuing interest in"
+0,"WILPF has released a comprehensive report about the gendered impacts of military operations in Mosul, Iraq.
+
+In 2016-2017, the Iraqi government, allied militias, and international forces including the United States launched a military offensive in Mosul to retake the city from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). During this operation, all parties to the conflict displayed disregard for the human rights of the local civilian populations, including through the use of explosive weapons in populate"
+0,"Two atomic bombs made by the allied powers (USA and UK) from uranium-235 and plutonium-239 were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively early in August 1945. These brought the long Second World War to a sudden end.
+
+The immense and previously unimaginable power of the atom had been demonstrated. In the following years several governments joined the arms race, while internationally, efforts were focused on constraining the threat of nuclear weapons proliferation.
+
+From the 1950s the power of the atom "
+0,"Governments need to “invest urgently” in a combination of nuclear, renewables, energy storage, combined cycle gas turbines with carbon capture, and hydrogen as part of the effort to transition to a carbon-free future and help countries achieve energy security, a white paper by GE says.
+
+The paper calls for financing frameworks that facilitate access to capital for new and existing nuclear plants. It says a licensing process should be in place that enables safe operations and does not cause unnecessary cost "
+0,"A misrepresentation of North Korea’s intent toward denuclearization, combined with the three rounds of historic U.S.-DPRK summit talks in Singapore, Hanoi, and Panmunjom over the past three years, have given the impression as though there has been great progress in the peace and denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. The fact of the matter, however, is that, as of now, not a single North Korean nuclear weapon has been dismantled, and there has been no reporting on or freezing of North Korean nuclear manu"
+0,"Preamble
+
+Nearly 20 months into the Covid-19 pandemic, several profound, urgent developments have altered the world’s understanding of the pandemic and the strategic threat it poses. These developments argue strongly in favor of the United States dramatically elevating its leadership on global health security to meet U.S. national interests while promoting global stability and health. The preamble below summarizes how the world has changed—at home and abroad. Following that are detailed recommendations from"
+0,"To reduce the burden on traditional data centers, improving on DNA data storage could be the key
+
+The pace at which data – such as photos, videos, and social media posts – are being generated is ramping up drastically, exceeding the scaling limits of traditional silicon-based data storage technologies, and DNA could be deployed to help meet this challenge. As an indication of the massive amount of data storage that may be required, one model predicts that by the year 2030, electricity use by data centers co"
+0,"January 2018 brought with it two key recurring deadlines for U.S. President Donald Trump: whether or not to certify Iran’s compliance with the nuclear deal and whether to continue waiving nuclear-related sanctions on Iran. On January 12, the president decided for a second time not to certify Iran’s compliance, but he stopped short of re-imposing sanctions. Instead, he waived sanctions once again to allow time to “fix the deal’s disastrous flaws,” including by securing Europe’s cooperation in addressing Iran"
+0,"Antivirus apps failed to catch malware spread through DailyNK, showing security breaches are often hard to spot"
+0,"A new NTI paper, Assessing and Managing the Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear-Weapon Systems, explores the possible applications of AI to nuclear-weapons systems and assesses the benefits, risks, and strategic stability implications.
+
+The paper’s analysis finds that AI in nuclear-weapon systems is neither all good nor all bad and must be considered in the context of the specific application and the geopolitical environment. However, because AI implementation in nuclear-weapon systems "
+0,"Gram-for-gram, biological weapons are the deadliest weapons ever produced. Germs don’t respect borders, so biological threats—manmade and naturally occurring—can quickly have global impacts. Although only a few countries are suspected of having biological weapons, rapidly producing and weaponizing biological agents is surprisingly easy.
+
+What's more, it's difficult to tell the difference between legitimate and harmful biological research. Advances in the life sciences hold extraordinary promise for new trea"
+0,"Ask Live Questions Here
+
+The event will be webcast live from this page.
+
+Please join the CSIS Americas Program for a virtual discussion on how to build and capitalize on economic opportunities for Central America and the Caribbean.
+
+Among the major drivers of irregular migration from Central America and the Caribbean is the lack of economic opportunity, now exacerbated by the economic repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Expanding sustainable livelihood opportunities in the region will be essential to he"
+0,"As communities work to respond and adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is more important than ever to promote trustworthy information on policies and practices that protect marginalized populations, defend civic spaces, and promote the overall integration of prevention approaches into government responses.
+
+In this context, La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES) and the Stanley Center, co-organizers of the Latin American and Caribbean Civil Society Forum for the Prevention "
+0,"North Korean authorities have issued strict quarantine guidelines for Chinese fishing boats operating in DPRK waters, citing a COVID-19 “danger” likely posed by third country vessels, according to a draft of the forthcoming U.N. Panel of Experts (PoE) seen by NK Pro."
+0,"The solar industry is changing rapidly as it experiences unprecedented growth. Here are 6 facts that may surprise you about this increasingly popular source of power.
+
+6. Solar energy is the most abundant energy resource on earth -- 173,000 terawatts of solar energy strikes the Earth continuously. That's more than 10,000 times the world's total energy use.
+
+5. The first silicon solar cell, the precursor of all solar-powered devices, was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954. On the first page of its April 26, "
+0,"Gram-for-gram, biological weapons are the deadliest weapons ever produced. Germs don’t respect borders, so biological threats—manmade and naturally occurring—can quickly have global impacts. Although only a few countries are suspected of having biological weapons, rapidly producing and weaponizing biological agents is surprisingly easy.
+
+What's more, it's difficult to tell the difference between legitimate and harmful biological research. Advances in the life sciences hold extraordinary promise for new trea"
+0,"The state-owned Defense Industries Organization (DIO), founded in 1981 in a post-revolutionary effort to reorganize and expand Iran's defense industry, is one of the main subsidiaries of the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics. [1] According to ISIS, ""its primary responsibility is meeting the requirements of the armed forces of Iran, but it also exports products and engineering services."" [2] The DIO controls dozens of state-owned defense contractors and front companies either directly or through"
+0,"The Trump administration has denied a request from the Federation of American Scientists to disclose the size of the US nuclear weapons stockpile and the number of dismantled warheads.
+
+The denial was made by the Department of Defense Formerly Restricted Data Declassification Working Group (FDR DWG) in response to a petition from Steven Aftergood, director of the FAS Project on Government Secrecy, “that the Department of Energy (and the Department of Defense) authorize declassification of the size of the to"
+0,"Summary
+
+How will the Kremlin’s tool kit evolve as emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deepfake forgeries become more widespread?
+
+Russia has long struggled to overcome the constraints imposed by the country’s chronic inability to retain talent in support of homegrown innovation and R&D. That reality may consign it to a follower role in the technological realm. Russia’s global activism continues to lean heavily on tried-and-true tactics and capabilities that are popping"
+0,"Newly released results from a pre-feasibility study (PFS) of the Etango-8 uranium project have confirmed the strong technical and economic viability of conventional open pit mining and heap leach processing of the deposit in Namibia, Bannerman Energy has announced. The company now plans to complete a definitive feasibility study (DFS) in 2022.
+
+The PFS follows a scoping study, completed last year by Western Australia-based Bannerman, which provided an early-stage confirmation of the technical and commercial"
+0,"The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have renewed their commitment to continue working together. The organisations have been cooperating for the past 40 years in the development of international standards that ensure nuclear technology is used in a safe and secure manner.
+
+IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi after the signing of the joint statement (Image: D Calma/IAEA)
+
+IAEA and ISO - an independent, non-governmental internationa"
+0,"Nuclear power capacity worldwide is increasing steadily, with about 50 reactors under construction.
+Most reactors on order or planned are in the Asian region, though there are major plans for new units in Russia.
+Significant further capacity is being created by plant upgrading.
+Plant lifetime extension programmes are maintaining capacity, particularly in the USA.
+
+Today there are about 445 nuclear power reactors operating in 32 countries plus Taiwan, with a combined capacity of about 400 GWe. In 2020 these "
+0,"Read the paper
+
+At a time when most countries with nuclear weapons are modernizing or diversifying their nuclear arsenals, significant technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for military applications suggest that AI inevitably will be explored for use in nuclear-weapon systems. Along with significant benefits, however, come associated risks and implications for strategic stability.
+
+Two application areas are considered the most likely to take advantage of AI advances in the near term to mid "
+0,"Powerful accelerators can produce neutrons by spallation.
+This process may be linked to conventional nuclear reactor technology in an accelerator-driven system (ADS) to transmute long-lived radioisotopes in used nuclear fuel into shorter-lived fission products.
+There is also increasing interest in the application of ADSs to running subcritical nuclear reactors powered by thorium.
+
+Used fuel from a conventional nuclear power reactor contains a number of radionuclides, most of which (notably fission products)"
+0,"The process of sliding the arched structure into place to shield the damaged unit 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine has been completed, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has announced. London-based EBRD said a ceremony in Chernobyl today marked the successful conclusion of the sliding operation, which it described as a key milestone before finalisation of the international program to transform Chernobyl into an environmentally safe and secure state by November 2017."
+0,"North Korea’s burgeoning nuclear program is placing greater demands on US extended deterrence and also raising questions in Seoul and Tokyo about the robustness of US commitments. These challenges are likely to grow over the coming years, as North Korea appears poised to expand the quantity, quality and diversity of weapons systems in its arsenal in potentially dramatic ways. Keeping up with the requirements for extended deterrence and assurance is likely to test US policymakers and military planners for th"
+0,"An experiment using neutrinos from China's Daya Bay and Ling Ao nuclear power plants has now been fully dismantled, China's Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) has announced. It was successful in measuring the interactions between neutrinos more accurately than ever before.
+
+Known as the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment, the multinational collaboration led by China and the USA had seen neutrino detection equipment placed within the steep hills behind the Daya Bay and Ling Ao power plants, which are only abo"
+0,"The Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) is currently in the process of building two additional zirconium sponge plants in Hyderabad and Palaykayal. The upcoming facility in Hyderabad, the New Zirconium Sponge Plant (New ZSP), will reportedly be ready in late 2003 and will have a 250-ton capacity. The project will only cost $2.07 million due to the fact that a solid infrastructure already exists at NFC. This facility will augment the existing Zirconium Sponge Plant (ZSP) that was undergoing upgrades in 2002. Since 19"
+0,"North Korea sought to acquire Lexus SUVs through China despite limited trade during pandemic, PoE report shows
+
+Chad O'Carroll"
+0,"Advancing understanding in geostrategy, international security, and global politics.
+
+Dr. Jon B. Alterman currently holds the Zbigniew Brzezinski Chair in Global Security and Geostrategy. CSIS established the Brzezinski Chair in July 2003 to advance understanding in the fields of geostrategy, international security, and global politics. Reflecting Zbigniew Brzezinski's personal achievements during a long career that has included public service, teaching, and writing, the chair is awarded to a leading schola"
+0,"Foro Nuclear also warns of early reactor closures because of ‘increasing and suffocating fiscal pressure’
+
+A reduction in the tax burden on Spain’s fleet of seven commercial nuclear power plants would allow reactors to contribute to more competitive energy prices for Spanish households, the industry group Foro Nuclear said."
+0,"In December 2020/January 2021, the Stanley Center distributed a survey throughout our community to help us identify creative ways to ensure our new home will have positive impacts and, to the extent possible, address any unmet local needs. In all, we received 129 responses from a diverse cross-section of Muscatine residents, workers, and visitors.
+
+The community expressed interest in making the building:
+
+Universally accessible.
+A model for what is possible in terms of ecological sustainability.
+One that he"
+0,"Group of Seven (G7) leaders meeting in Cornwall, England, on June 11-13 agreed on a new initiative to support global infrastructure investment, launched as global needs rise and China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) pulls back. Details on the initiative were sparse in the lengthy G7 communiqué, but the Biden White House issued a more detailed fact sheet dubbing the initiative “Build Back Better World (B3W)” and describing it as “a values-driven, high-standard, and transparent infrastructure partnership led"
+0,"As many in Washington remain focused on the emergency evacuations of U.S. citizens and uniquely vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, considerable attention should also be directed toward effectively meeting the ongoing urgent humanitarian needs of the rest of the Afghan population.
+
+Multiple Humanitarian Crises
+
+Prior to the withdrawal of U.S. forces and the Taliban takeover of Kabul, Afghanistan was already mired in multiple overlapping humanitarian crises. Widespread for"
+0,"The New York Times
+September 29, 2008
+
+THE coverage of the latest bombastic tour of Manhattan by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran may have obscured the fact that the International Atomic Energy Agency has released its latest report on Tehran’s nuclear program, and it contains some unpleasant news: By the time we inaugurate our next president, Iran is likely to achieve “virtual” nuclear weapon status. This means that it will be able to produce, within a few months of deciding to do so, enough weapon-gra"
+0,"The World Nuclear Association (WNA) on 8 September launched the 2021 edition of The Nuclear Fuel Report, concluding that the positive trend in nuclear generating capacity projections that began in the previous (2019) report continues.
+
+In the period, two newcomer countries – Belarus and the United Arab Emirates – connected their first reactors to the grid; further reactors were commissioned in China, India, Pakistan and Russia; construction of new reactors was launched in China, Iran and Turkey; and many ot"
+0,"Core components of Sweden's Ringhals units 1 and 2 will be cut up and disposed of by Westinghouse, starting as early as April 2023, plant owner Vattenfall has announced. A contract announced today covers the reactor pressure vessels, internals and fuel racks. The companies described the deal as ""extending their long-standing nuclear energy partnership into decommissioning activities.""
+
+Christopher Eckerberg of Vattenfall and Aziz Dag of Westinghouse sign the contract (Image: Vattenfall)
+
+Ringhals 1 is a boi"
+0,"Summary
+
+In this paper the authors use the trigger presented by the World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) to undertake a comprehensive review of various publicly available studies for India relating to performance measurement of the ecosystem that handles the cross-border movement of goods, focusing on the period since 2015.
+
+The paper summarizes the results of six key composite performance indicators—namely, (1) the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (O"
+0,"Panelists discuss U.S.-Europe relations under the Biden administration, including areas where the United States and Europe can partner to address common interests like climate change, cybersecurity, and trade; what the dynamics of potential leadership changes in European countries like Germany and France could mean for U.S.-Europe cooperation; and how the rise of populism in both the United States and Europe affects the relationship.
+The Transition 2021 series examines the major foreign policy issues confro"
+0,"After failing to publicly disclose its proposed legislative agenda, the Department of Defense will soon be required to do so.
+
+Each year DoD generates proposals for legislative actions that it would like to see incorporated in the coming year’s national defense authorization act. These may include tweaks to existing statutes, requests for relief from reporting requirements, or something more ambitious.
+
+It used to be the case — until two years ago — that those legislative proposals were routinely posted on "
+0,"With 9 out of 10 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries touching the sea, Southeast Asia is on the front lines of the world’s shared maritime challenges. Everything from climate change, plastic pollution, and fisheries management to legal frameworks and maritime domain awareness present transnational problems that the region must overcome, or face the collective consequences. With this in mind, CSIS held a three-part virtual conference in June 2021 to address these challenges. Experts from"
+0,"Danger not seen as particularly severe amid few North Korean provocations in recent years, expert tells NK News
+
+Image: KCNA | Kim Jong Un examines a Hwasong-14 missile on its launch vehicle on July 4, 2017
+
+About half of all Americans are “extremely or very concerned” about North Korea’s nuclear program, according to a new U.S. poll released Tuesday, with two-thirds of respondents also expressing serious concerns about cyberattacks.
+
+survey of more than 1,700 adults from Aug. 12-16 found that 47% of Americ"
+0,"Another Iranian bank has received sanctions relief earlier than anticipated under the nuclear deal with Iran. The European Union’s sanctions on state-owned Bank Saderat Iran and its London-based subsidiary, BankSaderat PLC, which were originally set to last until 2023, were quietly lifted this week. The decision was made in April, in response to Bank Saderat’s successful legal challenge of its 2010 designation. However, instead of lifting the sanctions in April, the E.U. modified the reasons supporting the "
+0,"Presentation to the SPS ’19 Conference CfP – Science Peace Security ’19 (peasec.de)
+Darmstadt, Germany"
+1,Recent commercial satellite imagery of North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center indicates the cooling units on the annex rooftop next to the cascade halls at the Uranium Enrichment Plant (UEP) were removed between August 25 and September 1. As proper air conditioning and system cooling is essential to the uranium enrichment process—including maintaining a consistent temperature inside the cascade halls—it is unlikely that the UEP is currently operating if no other means for cooling is in pl
+0,"This publication considers synergies—and contradictions—related to gender and women in a number of multilateral resolutions, treaties, and commitments on conventional weapons and women's rights and participation.
+
+The instruments considered in this briefing paper, including the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), the UN Programme of Action on trade in small arms and light weapons (UNPoA), and resolutions from UN Security Council, UN Human Rights Council, and UN General Assembly, recognise the impact on women of weapon"
+0,"While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result from a nuclear winter, it is relatively simple to predict those which would be most profound. That is, a nuclear winter would cause most humans and large animals to die from nuclear famine in a mass extinction event similar to the one that wiped out the dinosaurs.
+
+Following the detonation (in conflict) of US and/or Russian launch-ready strategic nuclear weapons, nuclear firestorms would burn simultaneously over a total land"
+0,"We are at an exceedingly perilous and urgent moment in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Delta variant, vastly more dangerous and pernicious than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus, has rapidly spread worldwide. It has been driving a deadly summer surge in the US; ripping through Latin America; causing Indonesia to become the next Asian hotspot; and fueling a third wave of the pandemic in Africa, where less than two percent of the population has been fully vaccinated.
+
+To respond, the US must build on the rapid develop"
+0,"The Guinean military’s overthrow of President Alpha Condé—an outcome of autocratic overreach, economic mismanagement, and eroding democratic norms—points to the failure of regional bodies and international partners to anticipate and respond to an evolving coup playbook. On September 5, Colonel Mamady Doumbouya ousted the country’s civilian leader Alpha Condé, proclaiming that “the duty of a soldier is to save the country.” The military putsch is the country’s third coup d’état since independence in 1958 and"
+0,"Share
+
+The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has discontinued work on a rulemaking that would have added a framework for licensing commercial reprocessing facilities to its regulations. In a notice published by the US Federal Register on 29 July, the regulator said its decision was based on the costs of conducting the rulemaking coupled with limited interest from industry.
+
+A dry storage facility for US used nuclear fuel (Image: NAC International)
+
+Reprocessing of used fuel from commercial reactors has"
+0,"For what seems like the first time in years, innovation is having a bipartisan moment.
+
+Congress has spent months grappling with growing concerns over international competitiveness, underinvestment in research, and existential challenges like a global pandemic and climate change. But as the focus this fall shifts to spending and appropriations, Congress shouldn’t lose sight of the Senate’s U.S. Innovation and Competition Act and the House’s National Science Foundation For The Future Act: Both bipartisan leg"
+0,"We live in an era of ubiquitous images and videos. Three-hundred and fifty million photographs are uploaded to Facebook every day. Gone are the days when vacation photographs were best shared in church basements on slide carousels. Today, images and videos are uploaded and instantaneously shared with friends and families around the world.
+
+Governments, too, use social media to announce military activities and signal to friends and foes alike. The United States, for example, distributes still images and vide"
+0,"Uranium is a heavy metal which has been used as an abundant source of concentrated energy for over 60 years.
+Uranium occurs in most rocks in concentrations of 2 to 4 parts per million and is as common in the Earth's crust as tin, tungsten and molybdenum. Uranium occurs in seawater, and can be recovered from the oceans.
+Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, a German chemist, in the mineral called pitchblende. It was named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered eight years earlier.
+Ur"
+0,"A firefighting system using artificial intelligence has been tested at Russia's Kalinin nuclear power plant and will be installed in the turbine hall as a pilot project. The head of Rosenergoatom's fire service, Valery Kharevsky, said it is designed for preventative monitoring, automatic fire detection and fire extinguishing without direct involvement of staff.
+
+The robotic system deals with a blaze under test conditions at Kalinin (Image: Rosenergoatom)
+
+The system continuously monitors conditions and dete"
+0,"On June 10, 2021, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) published the final version of their Data Security Law (DSL) [1], a new legislation that enhance the state’s data regulatory powers. Taking effect on September 1, 2021, the expansive law will potentially impact all business operators in China. Since the DSL was announced, the government’s pressure on Big Tech in China has become increasingly evident, taking the form of regulatory pressures, enhanced scrutiny of company operations, and outright bans. In "
+0,"North Korea will likely maintain its lockdown until 2022 – and thousands of ordinary people will suffer as a result
+
+In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, North Korea announced the suspension of flight and rail services exactly one year ago. This has decimated what little engagement the country had with the outside world.
+
+An unprecedented number of diplomats and aid workers have left Pyongyang, foreign trade levels have dropped to near zero and authorities have introduced a shoot-on-sight policy in b"
+0,"Nuclear Security E-learning: A Tool to Effectively Engage with Nuclear Security Practitioners Worldwide
+
+Monday, 20 September 2021, 12:00 - 13:00 CET, ESPACE M0E, M building, ground floor.
+
+The objective of this event is to showcase the suite of IAEA nuclear security e-learning modules and to engage a wide range of users in an interactive and hands-on presentation, including a demonstration of different modules. This will be an interactive session, with participants receiving an overview of the e-learning c"
+0,"On 21 January 1979, the China’s State Council approved the Chinese Ministry of Aviation’s establishment of China National Aero-Technology Import and Export Corporation (CATIC) to handle trade in aviation products.[1] CATIC produces and markets aviation products including delivery systems, including a fighter bomber (FBC-1), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and various missiles, including the TY-90 and PL-9C multi-function missiles.[2]
+
+In 2008 after the unification of Aviation Industry Corporation of China "
+0,"You may reproduce sections of up to 150 words from individual pages, except where a page contains fewer than 300 words when you may only reproduce up to 50% of the words on that page. Any reproduced sections must carry attribution to the World Nuclear Association and may not materially change (or suggest a material change in) the meaning of the content. In the case of web-based reproduction the quoted content must include a link back to the original world-nuclear.org page from which it is sourced.
+You may r"
+0,"Blockchain is transitioning away from the hype and gaining legitimacy as the next-wave technological solution to distribute data and build a network of trust among parties. Distributed ledger technology (DLT), which underpins cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, is a combination of already-existing technologies (such as cryptography) to securely manage and easily audit large volumes of data across a network. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has identified the need to examine the potential utility "
+0,"Testimony of Gary Milhollin
+
+Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control
+
+Before the Second Committee of Investigation,
+Duetscher Bundestag
+
+October 13, 1988
+
+I am pleased to have this opportunity to appear before the Committee. My name is Gary Milhollin. I hold a degree in engineering from Purdue University and a degree in law from Georgetown University. Since 1976 I have been a professor of law at the University of Wisconsin, where I have specialized in contract law, private international law, and"
+0,"VERTIC in conjunction with The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) held the 1 st Workshop within the Project ‘Building Capacity on Multilateral Verification of Nuclear Disarmament’ on November 25-26.
+
+Such a project focuses on harnessing, developing, and sustaining expertise and capacity on nuclear disarmament verification (NDV) in regions around the world. This work will complement the efforts being undertaken in Kazakhstan to engage in research and development activities on nuclear disarmam"
+0,"The Scope of the Challenge
+
+A central theme of the 2019 Missile Defense Review is the desirability of integrating offensive forces with active and passive defenses. But what would the realization of such a comprehensive and integrated approach look like, and what would it require? Despite broad and sustained interest, little progress has been made in the actual integration of offenses with air and missile defenses, or even clearly elucidating and defining the concept. Thorough implementation of offense-defe"
+0,"The Los Angeles Times
+May 22, 2003, p. A13
+
+Saddam Hussein’s regime has been deposed, and the world is slowly losing interest in Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction. There are even some who suggest the weapons don’t exist. But this is dangerous. If they still exist –as much evidence indicates– those weapons could make their way into the wrong hands. And the time to prevent this is growing short.
+
+Before the Iraq war, chief U.N. weapons inspector Hans Blix said Iraq might still possess 10,000 liters of anthra"
+0,"Exclusive NK News photos show impounded Mongolia-flagged ship held in waters off South Korea's coast
+
+Image: NK News | The Shun Fa, aka Kingsway, anchored near Busan on August 18, 2021
+
+South Korea detained a U.N.-sanctioned oil tanker linked to North Korea in May after it entered the Busan area disguised as a Mongolia-flagged vessel, NK News confirmed on Friday.
+
+NK News."
+0,"For top North Korean officials, the quickest way to ensure their system’s long-term survival is through reunification
+
+Benjamin R. Young
+
+Two months after the Korean War began, North Korean founder Kim Il Sung sent Soviet leader Joseph Stalin a telegram that said, “We have firmly resolved to win the final victory in the struggle against the American interventionists, who are trying anew to enslave Korea.”
+
+More than 70 years after Kim first mentioned the “final victory” of reunification, the idea of a victo"
+0,"President Trump personally released the long-overdue Missile Defense Review (MDR) today, and despite the document’s assertion that “Missile Defenses are Stabilizing,” the MDR promotes a posture that is anything but.
+
+Firstly, during his presentation, Acting Defense Secretary Shanahan falsely asserted that the MDR is consistent with the priorities of the 2017 National Security Strategy (NSS). The NSS’ missile defense section notes that ��� Enhanced missile defense is not intended to undermine strategic stabili"
+0,"Jacques Peythieu, Chief Executive Officer of Orano Conversion & Enrichment, discusses the company's recovery from the impacts of the pandemic and industrial action, 2020 results, production ramp up at its Philippe Coste plant in France, and possible transformation of the conversion market due to the recently announced restart of Honeywell's conversion plant at Metropolis in the USA. He also assesses the prospects of enrichment market and the expected requirements for HALEU (high-assay low-enriched uranium),"
+0,"Advanced nuclear reactors can meet Puerto Rico's unique energy needs by complementing renewable sources with zero-emission electricity resilient to extreme natural events, a preliminary feasibility study has concluded. The study - conducted by Puerto Rican-led not-for-profit organisation the Nuclear Alternative Project (NAP) - was funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE).
+
+Puerto Rico - officially, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico - is an unincorporated territory of the USA and is located in the northeastern "
+0,"How might a nuclear crisis play out in today’s media environment? What dynamics in this information ecosystem—with social media increasing the volume and velocity of information, disrupting journalistic models, creating potent vectors for disinformation, opening public channels for adversaries to influence national leaders, and changing how political leaders interact with constituencies—might threaten rational decision making during crises between nuclear-armed states?
+
+There are still many unknowns about t"
+0,"Pakistan, currently the fifth-most populous country in the world, has made significant progress in the field of agriculture. A partner of the Green Revolution in the 1960s, it is now a food surplus and net exporter country, with considerable potential in agriculture, water, and energy. At the same time, Pakistan has not realized the full potential of its agricultural productivity because of the government’s limited financial resources and inconsistent domestic policy.
+
+Beyond all of this, Pakistan’s agricul"
+0,"In April 2020, representatives of India’s healthcare and renewable energy sectors wrote a letter to the Indian government requesting swift action for solarizing around 39,000 health centers across rural India. Chhattisgarh is an Indian state that solarized most of its health centers. However, to successfully replicate Chhattisgarh’s policies on a pan-India scale, other states must formalize cooperation between health departments, energy departments, and distribution companies (discoms) to identify health ce"
+0,"The Issue
+
+Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising technology that many AM practitioners believe is on the precipice of a breakthrough. This breakthrough would be realized when AM is incorporated into supply chains and manufacturing processes throughout the economy and when innovators use AM to re-architect existing systems and reshape entire industries. AM has been expanding in recent years, with annual growth rates averaging over 20 percent and several billion dollars annually in both parts produced an"
+0,"Currently, Turkey does not have infrastructure for the commercial mining of uranium or thorium. [1] The General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration is responsible for the exploration of ore deposits in Turkey, including uranium and thorium. [2] Turkey has limited indigenous access to uranium, with known deposits estimated at approximately 9,000 metric tons. The deposits are spread over five locations in Central Anatolia and the Aegean, including Salihli (2,852 tU); Fakili (490 tU); Kocarli (208 "
+0,"The Issue
+
+Climate migration is poised to be one of the biggest human development and security challenges of the next several decades, yet policymakers and the research community are just now understanding the myriad impacts of climate change on human mobility. A new framework for addressing these challenges is needed—one defined by the United States taking action to slow the effects of climate change, reforming its own immigration policies, and leading multilateral efforts.
+
+Introduction
+
+Our understanding"
+0,"Established on 18 November 1993, HiWING Mechanical & Electrical Technology Corporation is the corporate successor to the Third Academy of the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), established in September 1961. [2] While the group’s Chinese name 中国海鹰机电技术研究院 (Zhongguo Haiying Jidian Jishu Yanjiuyuan) has remained consistent since 1993, its English name was changed from China Haiying Electro-Mechnical Technoloy Academy (CHETA) to HiWING. It is China's first research institute authorized to"
+0,"Clean energy technologies are now big business. Vast sums of money in clean energy supply chains promise to rearrange the geopolitics of industrial competition and energy security. Further, to achieve their increasingly ambitious climate goals, countries are likely to do far more to reshape industrial sectors, compressing in a few years a process that normally takes decades.
+
+This report looks at how the United States can strengthen supply chains for clean energy technologies through the lens of industrial "
+0,"Lithium is best known today as an ingredient of lithium-ion batteries.
+Li-7 as a hydroxide is important in controlling the chemistry of PWR cooling systems.
+Li-7 is a key component of fluoride coolant in molten salt reactors.
+Li-6 is a source of tritium for nuclear fusion, through low-energy nuclear fission.
+
+Lithium is the lightest metal, which occurs in several hard rock types, notably spodumene, and in brines, hence it is often mined in salt lakes, particularly in South America. In 2015 production was ev"
+0,"Improved housing, sanitation, and healthcare have significantly increased humans’ life expectancy, and biomedical advances have the potential to further extend people’s lives. The life expectancy of a person born in 1860 was only about 39 years; a person born today can expect to live about 79 years. Now some researchers are studying whether altering humans’ senescent cells could increase lifespans to an even greater extent.
+
+Cellular senescence – a process by which cells stop replicating after a set amount "
+0,"The science of atomic radiation, atomic change and nuclear fission was developed from 1895 to 1945, much of it in the last six of those years.
+Over 1939-45, most development was focused on the atomic bomb.
+From 1945 attention was given to harnessing this energy in a controlled fashion for naval propulsion and for making electricity.
+Since 1956 the prime focus has been on the technological evolution of reliable nuclear power plants.
+
+Exploring the nature of the atom
+
+Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin "
+0,"The Roots of Russian Conduct and Occasional Essays on Contemporary Russian Issues are two series of essays by Robert E. Berls, Jr., Senior Advisor on Russia and Eurasia at the Nuclear Threat Initiative. Written for those interested in international relations and Russia specifically, the essays offer insights and information about a country that for many remains, as Winston Churchill famously said, “a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma.”
+
+The first series, The Roots of Russian Conduct, explores t"
+0,"Read the paper
+
+At a time when most countries with nuclear weapons are modernizing or diversifying their nuclear arsenals, significant technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for military applications suggest that AI inevitably will be explored for use in nuclear-weapon systems. Along with significant benefits, however, come associated risks and implications for strategic stability.
+
+Two application areas are considered the most likely to take advantage of AI advances in the near term to mid "
+0,"Electricity provision must have regard to minimising environmental and public health effects, both directly from generation and indirectly from obtaining fuels and dealing with wastes.
+With nuclear power the focus is on uranium mining and nuclear wastes.
+The health and environmental costs of nuclear power are very low relative to the main alternatives.
+
+The need for electricity generation to be clean and safe has never been more obvious. Nor have those attributes ever been as popularly supported.
+
+Environme"
+0,"In our second V erification Watch update, Senior Researcher Noel Stott provides an overview of the work and operation of AFCONE, the organisation in charge of implementing the Treaty of Pelindaba.
+
+The African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE): Verifying the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone
+Noel Stott
+
+In July 2009, the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba) entered into force. Having been opened for signature in 1996, today, the Treaty has 41 States Parties with only 14 states st"
+0,"The Nuclear Information Project is widely used as a source for news reports about nuclear weapons and referenced in publications published by governments, institutes, organizations and individuals. On average, every second day a news story or publication is published somewhere in the world that makes use of our work.
+
+The project is, according to the Washington Post, “one of the most widely sourced agencies for nuclear warhead counts.” The research, analysis and publications that provided the basis for the "
+0,"Download the PDF version:
+
+Executive Summary
+
+The 2020 election presents a paradox. Despite dramatic changes to the election process due to the COVID-19 pandemic and increasingly complex threats since the 2016 election, 2020 is widely regarded as “the most secure [election] in American history.” 1 Operationally, it was also one of the smoothest. 2 State and local election officials overcame unprecedented challenges and scarce resources to administer an election with fewer incidents of cyber compromises, tec"
+0,"Have the Taliban Changed in the Past Twenty Years?
+
+The Taliban have sought to rebrand themselves as a moderate political movement. Even though this so-called new Taliban or Taliban 2.0 has won the approval of some Western officials and analysts, there are no indications that the militant group is willing to make significant political concessions, moderate its extremist ideology, or change its harsh social policies with respect to women’s mobility, education, or right to work.
+
+The Taliban do appear eager t"
+0,"Airline official says they are unsure when flight services between Beijing and Pyongyang will resume
+
+Chad O'Carroll"
+1,"The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Rafael Mariano Gross, in his latest report to the Board of Governors on “Application of Safeguards in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea” says the DPRK’s nuclear activities “continue to be a cause for serious concern”.
+
+The report, dated 27 August, “provides an update of developments of direct relevance” since the previous report issued on 3 September 2020.
+
+During the reporting period, the Agency “has continued to monitor develop"
+0,"It’s hard to be a startup, given that most small businesses don’t survive past five years. It’s really hard to be a clean energy startup, given that venture capital firms underinvest in tough technology challenges. And it’s hardest of all to be a woman- and/or minority-led clean energy startup, given that venture capital firms underinvest even more egregiously in underrepresented founders.
+
+All of these barriers prevent the United States from achieving its full potential in terms of both entrepreneurial dyn"
+0,"The human enhancement of global warming leading to climate change is seen as a worldwide problem.
+Policy responses have been led by international negotiation, but have been qualified or indecisive at the national level, and so far largely ineffective, despite strong international agreement on the matter.
+The principal focus is on reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
+Nuclear power is seldom acknowledged as the single most significant means of limiting the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations while enablin"
+0,"“My father was a soldier. He served in Tobruk, Libya, where the second South African Infantry Division was based. We weren’t very rich. My father was a strange man because he came from the war and wasn’t a very normal father. And he always used to tell us stories of his prisoner of war days. Sometimes he would stop because it was too traumatizing for him. He said that in Tobruk they shot people and hung the children from the windows and so on. He couldn’t get over that, so then he drank. And a father that d"
+0,"Summary
+
+Russia’s assertiveness in the Eastern Mediterranean is part of its broader strategy for undermining the cohesion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) and thus complicating the Western alliance’s ability to operate, plan, and formulate policy. The Kremlin’s interests are geared toward enhancing dependencies on Russian gas and financial flows, cultivating governing elites, and stymieing the ability of NATO and, to a lesser extent, the EU to expand. While Moscow"
+0,"Former adviser to White House officials talks North Korea sanctions, the travel ban and what Biden can do to sway China
+
+It’s no secret that relations between North Korea and the United States have been on a rapid downturn in recent months, with Pyongyang launching a widely-condemned short-range ballistic missile into the sea in March and slinging insults at both Seoul and Washington shortly thereafter.
+
+But even with the surge of diplomacy in 2018, the United States has kept up a ban stopping American citi"
+0,"The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission has begun a special inspection at the single-unit Davis-Besse nuclear power station in Ohio that will focus on multiple diesel generator failures during testing and maintenance, and a complicated reactor trip on 8 July."
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+The automobile industry is in the midst of a technology-driven revolution. The industry transition to autonomous, connected, electrified, and shared (ACES) vehicles has the potential to boost technological development and economic activity in the traditional manufacturing cities of the United States, bridging the divide between high-tech innovation hubs and regions historically known for industrial economies.
+
+With the right policy environment, important investments, and effective retooli"
+0,"In the 1950s, China began to build an array of nuclear facilities to produce both high-enriched uranium and plutonium for atomic bombs. Within 15 years, China had mastered each phase of the nuclear fuel cycle from mining uranium to testing weapons. Beijing tested its first bomb in 1964, and now has the fourth largest arsenal in the world, with an estimated 450 warheads. In addition, China possesses large stockpiles of plutonium and high-enriched uranium free from international controls and available for mil"
+1,"Overview:
+
+In the monitoring report on the 50 MWe Reactor at Yongbyon from 9 July 2021, ONN noted that the roof of one of the buildings adjacent to the main reactor hall had been removed. 1 The scale of the reported activity appeared to be larger than the previously reported instances in 2018 and 2019. However, the nature of the recent activity remained unclear. ONN subsequently consulted a number of technical and satellite imagery analysis experts in an effort to identify what the recent activity could mea"
+0,"The American Journal of International Law
+July, 1987, 81 A.J.I.L. 593
+
+South Asia is now poised for a nuclear arms race. Pakistan has learned how to make enriched uranium — the material that destroyed Hiroshima — and has been buying the electronic switches and hollow steel spheres used for implosion. [1] It has tested, successfully, an implosion bomb with a dummy core. [2] On the Indian side, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi has been saying that India could make an atomic bomb “in a matter of several weeks” and "
+0,"Pyongyang sold $40,000 in beer to Beijing in July in first booze exports of 2021, according to Chinese trade data
+
+North Korea exported over 300,000 bottles of rice-based beer to China in July, according to the latest trade data, a month after DPRK leader Kim Jong Un declared a “food crisis” and the need for emergency food distribution.
+
+According to China’s General Administration of Customs (GAC), North Korea exported $39,604 worth of beer totaling 163,852 liters in July -- just barely eclipsing the $39,56"
+0,"Pyongyang offers an array of entertainment, from laser tag to water parks, beyond the typical statues and monuments
+
+The following article is the seventh in a multipart series by Gareth Johnson of Young Pioneer Tours about being a North Korea tour guide. Views expressed in columns are exclusively the author’s own and do not represent those of NK News."
+0,"Slovak nuclear regulator Úrad jadrového dozoru (ÚJD) announced yesterday it had issued an operating licence for unit 3 of the Mochovce nuclear power plant, as well as related permits for the management of radioactive waste and used nuclear fuel, and ""the early use of buildings"". Interested parties have until 19 June to comment on the regulator's decision to approve commissioning of the unit, which the government has said it expects to start by the end of this year.
+
+The Mochovce nuclear power plant (Image: "
+0,"What's on the agenda for the fifth Kim-Xi summit, and how will denuclearization talks be affected?"
+0,"Introduction
+
+After the Cold War ended, promoting the international spread of democracy seemed poised to replace containment as the guiding principle of U.S. foreign policy. Scholars, policymakers, and commentators embraced the idea that democratization could become America's next mission. In recent years, however, critics have argued that spreading democracy may be unwise or even harmful. This paper addresses this debate. It argues that the United States should promote democracy and refutes some of the mos"
+0,"Fuel fabrication is the last step in the process of turning uranium into nuclear fuel rods.
+Batched into assemblies, the fuel rods form the majority of a reactor core's structure.
+This transformation from a fungible material – uranium – to high-tech reactor components is conceptually different from the refining and preparation of fossil fuels.
+Nuclear fuel assemblies are specifically designed for particular types of reactors and are made to exacting standards.
+Utilities and fabricators have collaborated to "
+0,"The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) submits this comment in response to the request for public input from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which is “seeking comments from the public on how U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) can reduce administrative and other barriers and burdens within its regulations and policies, including those that prevent foreign citizens from easily obtaining access to immigration services and benefits.”
+
+The Technology and Innovation Initiative at FA"
+0,"For the fourth year in a row, the Department of Defense has asked Congress to legislate a new exemption from the Freedom of Information Act in the FY2019 national defense authorization act for certain unclassified military tactics, techniques and procedures.
+
+Previous requests for such an exemption were rebuffed or ignored by Congress.
+
+The Defense Department again justified its request by explaining that a 2011 US Supreme Court decision in Milner v. Department of the Navy had significantly narrowed its aut"
+0,"Electricity is essential for modern life, yet almost one billion people live without access to it. Challenges such as climate change, pollution and environmental destruction require that we change the way we generate electricity.
+
+Over the past century, the main energy sources used for generating electricity have been fossil fuels, hydroelectricity and, since the 1950s, nuclear energy. Despite the strong growth of renewables over the last few decades, fossil-based fuels remain dominant worldwide. Their use "
+0,"Holtec Decommissioning International (HDI) - a wholly-owned subsidiary of Holtec International - has announced decommissioning progress at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in New Jersey and the Pilgrim plant in Massachusetts. All fissile material in Oyster Creek's reactor building has now been transferred to the on-site Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI), while at Pilgrim the transfer of the used fuel in wet storage to its ISFSI is proceeding at a record rate.
+
+At Oyster Creek, 2433 use"
+0,"Originally devised for the digital exchange of cryptocurrency, blockchain offers a way for parties in a network to maintain a shared, consistent, and immutable history of transactions. Blockchain is one of many distributed ledger platforms that are being developed for application beyond cryptocurrency, to include use cases in international shipping, food safety, and supply chain security. Such technology has the potential to improve trust, transparency, and efficiency in the management of nuclear safeguards"
+0,"IEA report says China and Russia have shown they can build reactors in 5-7 years
+
+Nuclear power output could increase by 90% in emerging market and developing economies by 2030 if governments implement clean energy policies, with established nuclear energy programmes expanding in China, Russia, India and the Middle East in particular, the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook 2020 report concludes."
+0,"Across the world there is extensive evidence of criminal, insurgent, and other non-state governance structures successfully controlling populations and territories in both competition and collaboration with formal states. We can see similar patterns in Afghanistan, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, and elsewhere. Why do these systems of governance by armed non-state actors emerge and why do they persist? How do their systems of rule diffe"
+0,"This workshop will assess the potential utilization of blockchain technology to provide greater efficiency, data reconciliation, accuracy, and trust in the management of international nuclear safeguards information. Originally devised for the digital exchange of cryptocurrency, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that offers a way for parties in a network to maintain a shared, consistent, and immutable history of transactions. Such technology could have the potential to improve trust, transp"
+0,"Barakah unit 1 entered commercial operation today, the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) has announced. The unit, which is operated by Nawah Energy Company, has been the single largest electricity generator in the UAE since reaching 100% power in early December. ENEC said the 1400-megawatt unit, which is in the Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi, is now providing ""constant, reliable and sustainable electricity around the clock"". As a result, ENEC says it is ""now leading the largest decarbonisation effor"
+0,"CSIS Headquarters
+
+Nine out of ten jobs in the developing world are now in the private sector, and more than 85 percent of US engagement with developing countries comes through the private sector. Going forward, multi-stakeholder partnerships offer great potential to encourage global development, reduce poverty and inequality, and bring prosperity to millions.
+
+How can policymakers continue to engage with the private sector to encourage much-needed development? How can organizations such as USAID, working w"
+0,"The Biden administration is expected to release its first budget request for FY 2022 in May. The request marks the first budget since FY 2011 that is not subject to the discretionary spending limits imposed by the Budget Control Act. While the defense budget request for FY 2022 was developed predominantly under the previous administration, it will provide some direction as to the national security priorities of the new administration. In this report, experts from the CSIS International Security Program outl"
+0,"INPRO is a membership-based project that supports its members on their long-term planning and collaboration on innovations in reactors, fuel cycles and institutional approaches that will promote the sustainable development of nuclear energy.
+
+INPRO was established in 2000 to help ensure that nuclear energy remains available to contribute to meeting global energy needs until the end of the 21st century. It provides a forum for experts and policy makers from industrialized and developing countries to discuss "
+0,"South Korea will spend roughly $37.6 million on installing “drone cops” in places like airports and nuclear power plants to bust any drones illegally flying in the area, its science and technology ministry said on Sunday.
+
+These so-called “cops” — which are drones themselves — will collectively monitor areas where flights are banned, taking down any illegally-flying counterparts by identifying the targets’ vulnerabilities and then jamming or hacking into their system. The “drone cops” will be able to do thi"
+1,"Joel Wit, 38 North co-founder and senior fellow at the US-Korea Institute at SAIS, discusses “Freezing North Korea’s Nuclear Program” at the Institute for Corean-American Studies (ICAS) Spring Symposium. The discussion, “Humanity, Liberty, Peace and Security: The Korean Peninsula Issues and US National Security,” took place on May 17, 2016.
+
+In the videos below, he offers a comprehensive explanation of five myths regarding US policy toward North Korea, the reality of unification through regime change and th"
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+North Korea’s announcement that it is developing a vaccine for COVID-19 has focused renewed attention on Pyongyang’s purported biological weapons (BW) program. Over the past three years, three major news stories on the North Korean BW threat have been published in the United States, most recently by Politico in July 2020.
+
+This report discusses what the two countries with the greatest security interests on the Korean Peninsula, the United States and the Republic of Korea, have said public"
+0,"Interim facility could soon be full with nowhere else to store spent fuel from nuclear plants
+
+Vattenfall will have to shut down four of its five commercial nuclear power reactors in Sweden by 2025 due to uncertainty over how the government plans to deal with the storage of used nuclear fuel, the state-owned utility warned on Tuesday."
+0,"By:
+NK Instability Project, Special Reports
+
+Among all the challenges associated with a North Korean collapse, the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) or movement of WMD out of the country will have the largest strategic implications. The extensive size and complexity of North Korea’s nuclear, chemical and biological (NBC) weapons programs make it virtually impossible for the alliance between the United States and the Republic of Korea (ROK or South Korea) to have 100 percent clarity of intelligence an"
+0,"Mixed oxide (MOX) fuel provides almost 5% of the new nuclear fuel used today and fuels about 10% of France's fleet.
+MOX fuel is manufactured from plutonium recovered from used reactor fuel, mixed with depleted uranium.
+MOX fuel also provides a means of burning weapons-grade plutonium (from military sources) to produce electricity.
+An innovative development in recycling plutonium and uranium as MOX is Russia’s REMIX fuel, not yet commercialised.
+A further alternative is Russia’s proposal for a dual-component"
+0,"originally published by the Foreign Affairs on August 16, 2021.
+
+As Afghanistan tumbles into Taliban hands, the avalanche of recrimination and outright condemnation of the Biden administration’s withdrawal of U.S. troops in Afghanistan has become unrelenting. Former national security adviser General H. R. McMaster echoed the sentiments of many when he declared that Afghanistan is a “humanity problem on a modern-day frontier between barbarism and civilization” and that the United States lacks the will “to co"
+0,"Worldwide energy body says new low-carbon energy technologies – including small modular reactors – are facing challenges
+
+Global greenhouse gas emissions are likely to rise to record levels in the next two years, as governments fail to “build back better” from the Covid-19 pandemic and projects to develop new technologies such as small modular reactors and clean hydrogen face logistical and cost challenges."
+0,"As the U.S. continues to grapple with the pandemic, there are growing concerns about the risks posed by variants of SARS-CoV-2 – the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Recent data have shown that at least one SARS-CoV-2 variant is more transmissible than the original, and there are questions as to whether any variants could be more deadly. The main way to detect emerging variants is to perform widespread genome sequencing, but the sequencing infrastructure in the U.S. is struggling to keep up with demand. Th"
+0,"Numerous analysts point to the possibility of North Korea conducting a missile test soon after the upcoming inauguration to show the new US administration that it is both tough and won’t be ignored. While Pyongyang has taken what Washington judges to be provocative actions in the past during US political transitions, history shows that North Korea’s conduct is driven not just by how the country perceives the current state of and future prospects for US-DPRK relations, but also by domestic factors. In fact, "
+0,"Before the world experienced the unfolding COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying impact on the global economy, the Stanley Center for Peace and Security, E3G, and experts from the climate and finance communities were considering the ways recovery efforts from a global financial crisis could incorporate the kinds of systemic changes needed to deliver a climate-safe world. Also envisioned through diverse dialogues were the ways Paris Agreement-aligned reforms could catalyze economic recovery from such a cris"
+0,"The United States has a moral obligation to help its Afghan partners. How the country supports its partners will be noted and watched. In the case of Vietnam, the United States took on about 130,000 people after the fall of Saigon. When the Batista government fell in Cuba, the United States took on 248,100 people. This is not the last time the United States will have to ask local partners to risk their lives, and if it fails its Afghan partners, it will be immensely more difficult to ask for other partners "
+0,"VERTIC in conjunction with The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) held the 2nd Workshop within the Project ‘Building Capacity on Multilateral Verification of Nuclear Disarmament’ on May 19-20.
+
+Such a project focuses on harnessing, developing, and sustaining expertise and capacity on nuclear disarmament verification (NDV) in regions around the world. This work will complement the efforts being undertaken in Kazakhstan to engage in research and development activities on nuclear disarmament ve"
+0,"The COVID-19 pandemic will be a history-altering event. But where will it take us? In “On the Horizon,” a new CSIS series, our scholars offer their insights into the fundamental changes we might anticipate for our future social and economic world.
+
+Throughout history, people have moved from one place to another. Sometimes they have moved temporarily in search of food or work, sometimes permanently in search of a better future, sometimes because they were forced to do so by disaster or conflict. Such human m"
+0,"An unidentified number of North Korean defectors have testified that there is a missile production facility in Kangsŏ-kuyŏk, Namp'o. Namp'o has a large industrial sector that includes machinery and metal industries, so these claims are plausible, but the role of any missile-related facility in Namp'o is uncertain. Eya Osamu, a Japanese journalist, quotes a North Korean defector ""Lee Yong Shik"" (pseudonym) as saying there is a ""missile assembly plant in Kiyang-dong (岐陽洞), Kangsŏ-kuyŏk, Namp'o."" It is unclear"
+0,"Synthos Green Energy (SGE) has entered discussions with the Polish nuclear regulator about a potential GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) BWRX-300 small modular reactor (SMR) project. SGE is seeking a general opinion from the regulator, Państwowa Agencja Atomistyki (PAA), which it described as the first step of the procedure before the regulatory process for the planned construction of a nuclear power plant in Poland.
+
+Under the Polish Nuclear Act of 29 November 2000, SGE may ask PAA to issue a general opinion"
+1,"The P'yŏngsan Uranium Milling Facility reportedly produces yellow cake, and is one of eleven factories operated by the Namch'ŏn Chemical Complex. According to defector Kim Tae Ho, this facility became operational in June 1991. However, there are also reports that it became operational in 1990, or even in the 1980s. [Note: Reports of this facility becoming operational in the 1980s are not reliable.] During a press conference in April 1992, an official from the North Korean Ministry of Atomic Energy Industry "
+0,"We stand on the shoulders of those who created the international order, which has prevented world war for more than 70 years.
+
+“[American leaders] who laid foundations of the contemporary world order, envisioned a world in which all peoples might pursue shared peace, prosperity and dignity.
+
+They hoped to forge a global community under the rule of law, governed by international institutions, in which sovereign nations could cooperate to deter and defeat aggression, trade openly and fairly, and enjoy domesti"
+0,"Remarks at the AIPAC Policy Conference
+
+I’ve been asked to address two questions:
+
+I. How close is Iran to acquiring nuclear weapons?
+
+II. What has the world done to slow Iran’s progress?
+
+I. How close is Iran to acquiring nuclear weapons? An equally important question is how close is Iran to acquiring a nuclear weapon capability, because at that point all that will remain between Iran and nuclear weapons is a decision by Iran’s leaders and a bit of time.
+
+The assessment of my organization is that Iran will"
+0,"Argentina is building a nuclear reactor in Egypt that will give Cairo its first access to bomb quantities of fissile material, possibly enough plutonium to make one nuclear weapon per year. Although Egypt’s nuclear program is now open to international inspection, there is reason for Cairo’s foreign suppliers to proceed with caution: High-level Egyptian officials continue to say that Israel’s nuclear arsenal is reason enough for Arab nations to build their own atomic bombs. In addition, Cairo is now building"
+0,"Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) has urged the Swedish government to make a decision on its application for a used fuel encapsulation plant and final repository in combination with that for an expansion of its existing repository for low and intermediate-level waste. On 20 June, the government asked the radioactive waste management company how it intends to separate the application for the final repository.
+
+A rendering of how the underground repository could appear (Image: SKB)
+
+SKB submitted applicati"
+1,South Korea's nuclear regulator has given its conditional approval for the start-up of Unit 1 at Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power’s Shin-Hanul nuclear power station in the east of the country.
+0,"COVID-19 'significantly affected' North Korea’s ability to clandestinely export coal, import fuel products
+
+COVID-19 “significantly affected” North Korea’s illicit trade with the outside world in the first half of 2021, a forthcoming U.N. report seen by NK Pro shows, resulting in historically low coal and fuel exports.
+
+While that means fewer resources for North Korea’s nuclear weapons, missiles and other illicit activities, observers said the plummeting trade could also be worsening humanitarian conditions"
+0,"Kim Jong Un’s report to the Korean Workers’ Party Congress in early January set out a clear overall direction for the North Korean economy. [1] Although the report itself contained little new policy, it emphasized Kim’s ambition to restore state leadership and control over economic affairs. [2] In the context of the vast growth of the role of semi-private economic activity in the past few decades, this is a concerning signal that the state may seek to limit market activity and semi-private business, both of"
+0,"The first of 33 scheduled transports aimed at moving about 5600 drums of radioactive resins and sludge departed from Italy's shut down Caorso nuclear power plant on 28 January en route to the Bohunice plant in Slovakia for their treatment and conditioning. All the drums in this second phase of shipments are expected to be transported by 2022.
+
+Societa Gestione Impianti Nucleari SpA (Sogin), the state-owned company responsible for dismantling Italy's nuclear power plants, said the shipment marks the launch o"
+0,"Radiotherapy machines used for cancer treatment need to be calibrated regularly to ensure that the patient doses are accurate. The IAEA, together with the World Health Organization, offers dose audit services to cancer clinics to help them improve dosimetry practices.
+
+Safe and effective radiotherapy relies to a large extent on accurate dosimetry. Differences as small as 5 per cent from the prescribed radiation dose can change the outcome of treatment. Dosimetry mistakes can also result in radiation injurie"
+0,Tweet
+0,"Past NATO enlargement helped create a Europe whole, free, and at peace, but future enlargement, should it occur, faces a hostile and militarily revitalized Russia. This report examines the military requirements and resulting budget costs of extending NATO’s Article 5 commitment to countries such as Ukraine, Georgia, or Bosnia-Herzegovina, which are actively seeking NATO membership, and Sweden and Finland, about which there has been analysis and speculation about membership. Costs to the United States range "
+0,Former U.S. National Security Advisor explains the right mix of pressure and engagement
+0,"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. As a concept it is holistic, considering equity across countries and generations, and requiring the balancing of often-competing environmental, social and economic factors. Until about 30 years ago, sustainability from the perspective of energy supply was thought of simply in terms of the availability of fuel relative to the rate of use. Today, in the context "
+0,"When they showed up to their respective classrooms – at the time, Crenshaw was at Wesleyan University teaching a course on decision making and foreign policy; Zegart at UCLA – they found them packed. There were more students in the lecture hall for Crenshaw’s course than were enrolled.
+
+Students – horrified and trying to make sense of what was happening – sought clarity and comfort from their teachers, who just happened to be experts on the issues that would come to define the next two decades of U.S. domes"
+0,"Ministers and representatives from more than 140 countries adopted yesterday a declaration to improve global nuclear security and counter the threat of nuclear terrorism during an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conference in Vienna.
+
+The IAEA ministerial conference on nuclear security kicked off yesterday at the IAEA headquarters and will continue until 14 February.
+
+The IAEA said the declaration focuses also on other global issues, including cyber-attacks, and illicit trafficking of radioactive "
+0,"The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 has been transformative for U.S. innovation. Universities and research institutes are essential to America’s innovation ecosystems, creating opportunities for high value jobs and economic growth as emerging technologies are brought to market. During 2020, the U.S. innovation community celebrated the Bayh-Dole Act’s 40th Anniversary, and the many products and services upon which we rely every day that have resulted from intellectual property that came out of basic research supported"
+0,"Introduction
+
+More than seven decades after their development and use during World War II, nuclear weapons continue to be the basis for several states' national security policies. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) prohibits non-nuclear weapon state parties from developing nuclear weapons. However, the NPT exempts five de jure nuclear weapon states (NWS) (France, the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States) from this ban. These "
+0,"Supreme People's Assembly to discuss economic development and youth education at upcoming session, state media says
+
+Image: KCNA, April 12, 2020 | Giant colored statues of former leaders Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il tower over the stage inside the Mansudae Assembly Hall, where the SPA holds sessions"
+0,"The UK government and French nuclear operator EDF have agreed what they called “improved arrangements” to decommission Britain’s seven advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) stations, due to reach the end of their operational lives this decade.
+
+The deal, negotiated by the government with EDF and signed on Wednesday, will save the taxpayer an estimated £1bn.
+
+The agreement means EDF will aim to shorten the time it takes to remove the fuel from the power stations as they come offline, before working closely with "
+0,"This piece is part of the CSIS International Security Program’s Transition46 series on Defense360.
+
+The Biden administration will face early decision points regarding the modernization of critical elements of the U.S. nuclear weapons enterprise in an environment buffeted by competing forces and pressures. Fiscal constraints and a highly competitive budget climate, allies and partners seeking reassurance as to U.S. commitments to collective security, and a complex political climate for arms control and nonpr"
+0,"Download full report here.
+
+From the Foreword by Ernest J. Moniz and Sam Nunn
+
+The Korean Peninsula is one of the most volatile and heavily militarized places in the world, carrying tremendous risk of conflict and the potential
+
+for catastrophic nuclear exchange. Tensions heightened between the United States and North Korea amid alarming loose talk about nuclear
+
+weapons in late 2017 and early 2018, but the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, where North and South Korea symbolically entered the
+
+opening cerem"
+0,"About the Seminar: Nick surveyed the universe of recent applicants to the Indonesian civil service to study the effects of high-stakes examinations on political attitudes. Leveraging applicants' scores on the civil service examination, he employs a regression discontinuity design to compare the attitudes of applicants who narrowly failed against those who narrowly passed. Nick shows that the simple fact of failure on the civil service examination negatively affects applicants’ belief in the legitimacy of th"
+0,"Russia’s nuclear equipment manufacturer Atommash has shipped the first in a set of four steam generators for Unit 2 of the Akkuyu nuclear power station under construction in southwest Turkey, parent company Atomenergomash said.
+
+The company said the 355-tonne component was completed eight months ahead of schedule. It is being shipped from Atommash’s factory in Volgodonsk, southwest Russia, via the Don River, the Black and Aegean Seas to the Akkuyu site near Mersin on Turkey’s southern Mediterranean coast
+
+I"
+0,"I found Inspector O sitting by himself on the patio, near the steps leading down to the seashore.
+
+“Long time no see,” he said. “Have a seat. There’s a breeze, so maybe you can do without the mask.” He indicated his was folded in his shirt pocket. “If the waiter insists, we’ll oblige, though I haven’t seen a waiter since I got here.”
+
+I sat down across the table, which was no more than four feet wide. As imperceptibly as possible, I moved my chair back from the table. “Do you have any idea how hard it is fo"
+0,"In early March, IAEA staff members contributed to an online event jointly organized by the African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE) and the United States’ National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) entitled ‘Women’s Contributions to Building Strong State Systems of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material (SSACs) in Africa’. Attended by more than 70 participants from around the world, the event promoted career paths and professional advancement opportunities for African women in the nuclear "
+0,"Armenia plans to extend the service life of its nuclear power unit in Metsamor beyond 2026 and has not abandoned plans to build a new unit, ARKA news agency reported on 14 January, following Cabinet approval of the government's new energy strategy to 2040.
+
+The Metsamor plant comprises two Russian-built 376 MWe VVER reactors which started operating in 1976 and 1980, respectively. Both units were taken off line in 1988 due to safety concerns regarding seismic vulnerability, although they both continued to op"
+0,"* Please note all CISAC events are scheduled using the Pacific Time Zone.
+
+This event is co-sponsored by Ethics & Political Violence Series, the Center for South Asia, and The Society for International Affairs.
+
+About the Event: TBD
+
+About the Speakers:
+
+Joe Felter is a William J. Perry Fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation and research fellow at the Hoover Institution. From 2017 to 2019, Felter served as US deputy assistant secretary of defense for South Asia, Southeast Asia, and "
+0,"Three months to the day after Kim Jong Un broke ground on a major project to build 10,000 apartments in Pyongyang in a year, commercial satellite imagery shows the new buildings are rising fast.
+
+At the construction site in Sadong District in the southern part of Pyongyang, 34 high-rise apartments are already several stories high, and the foundations for more buildings are under construction. The work is part of an overall plan, decided on at the Eighth Party Congress in January, to add 50,000 residences in"
+0,Large numbers of tourists may want to visit North Korea after international travel resumes
+0,China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) was established in 1980 and is one of the principal international trade arms under the China Aerospace Corporation (CASC). [2] It is the sole commercial organization authorized by the Chinese government to provide commercial satellite launch services and space technology to international clients. [3] China established the Great Wall Aerospace Group in 1993 with 32 other entities such as China Precision Machinery Import and Export Corporation and China Aerospace 
+0,"For many years, the United States has played a significant role in advancing the early microfinance revolution and the financial inclusion agenda worldwide. Access to and use of financial services yields many benefits to individuals, companies, and governments. For private citizens, financial services facilitate daily activities and provide ways to make payments, save, and plan for long-term goals and unexpected emergencies. More importantly, financial inclusion is one of the key enablers of women’s economi"
+0,"Effective command, control, and communications systems (C3) are critical for the Alliance to meet its security and defense objectives. Yet as allies modernize C3 systems to leverage new digital capabilities, the requirements for defending these complex systems against cyberattacks also rise. Cyber interference with NATO C3 systems could challenge NATO forces’ readiness and rapid response or worsen crisis escalation dynamics. It is important for NATO to reduce its exposure to cyberattacks while having the ab"
+0,"The core catcher has been installed at the Kudankulam-4 nuclear power plant under construction in Tamil Nadu, southern India, Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom said."
+0,"An epidemiologist focused on preventing catastrophic biological events and building health security capacity around the world, Hayley Anne Severance brought her expertise to NTI’s expanding biosecurity team in 2018. She came to NTI from the Pentagon, where she most recently served as a senior policy advisor in the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction. Prior to that, Severance served as the epidemiology subject matter expert for the Defense Threat Red"
+0,"What to Make of Recent North Korean Statements
+
+There are signs that Washington and Pyongyang are in the early, cautious stages of a diplomatic dance. On April 30, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki revealed that the administration had completed its North Korea policy review. Pyongyang has so far remained silent on Psaki’s statement. However, on May 2, though they had doubtless read Psaki’s remarks, the North Koreans decided to hold off commenting on the review and instead issued a muted response critica"
+0,"A new Texas law, known as SB8, seeks to bar abortions in the state starting at six weeks of pregnancy. Instead of relying on government enforcement, the law empowers anyone to bring a claim against an abortion provider (or anyone who “aids and abets”) for a statutory penalty of at least $10,000. The law also adopts labyrinthine procedures to avoid federal constitutional review. For instance, to challenge the constitutionality of a statute, plaintiffs typically sue the government officials in charge of enfor"
+0,"President says nuclear power must remain a cornerstone of country’s energy mix
+
+France’s president Emmanuel Macron said he sees nuclear energy as a solution for an eco-friendly future in France, calling for “key” preparatory studies around the construction of new reactors to be wrapped up in the coming months."
+0,"An experimental method developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to determine the age and origin of uranium samples is being used to investigate the provenance of historic material allegedly recovered from Nazi Germany's nuclear programme during World War II. As well as potentially solving the mystery of the 'Heisenberg cubes', these techniques could also be applied to investigations into illicit trafficking of nuclear material.
+
+No-one is sure how PNNL's Heisenberg cube - whic"
+0,"A little over one year ago, the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency sent out a blaring alert to untold thousands of people in the Hawaiian Islands: BALLISTIC MISSILE THREAT INBOUND TO HAWAII. SEEK IMMEDIATE SHELTER. THIS IS NOT A DRILL.
+
+This was, it can feel difficult to remember, a time that followed a period of high tension between the United States and North Korea, when leaders of both countries were bragging about their nuclear capabilities and the possibility of war seemed very real.
+
+It was, as it ind"
+0,"By scaling up the development and deployment of the clean energy technologies of the future, DOE will help put Americans in construction, skilled trades, and engineering to work building a new clean energy infrastructure and economy, while making sure that every American worker and community can benefit from—and see their future in—clean energy solutions.DOE’s new Office of Energy Jobs will lead the effort to create more union jobs that pay family-sustaining wages, including career ladders so that every Ame"
+0,"The Federal Service for Environmental, Technological, and Nuclear Oversight (Rostekhnadzor) was created in May 2004 through the merger of the Federal Nuclear Oversight Service (formerly Gosatomnadzor), the Federal Service for Technological Oversight, and the environmental oversight functions of the Federal Service for Oversight of the Environment and the Use of Nature. [1] This 2004 restructuring did not change the agency's nuclear oversight mandate, as defined in the 1995 Law on Use of Atomic Energy. Howev"
+0,"The UAE has embarked upon a nuclear power programme in close consultation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, and with huge public support.
+It accepted a $20 billion bid from a South Korean consortium to build four commercial nuclear power reactors, total 5.6 GWe, by 2020 at Barakah.
+Unit 1 of the country's first nuclear power plant was connected to the grid in August 2020.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 136 TWh
+
+Generation mix: natural gas 134 TWh (98%); solar 1.3 TWh (1%); oil 1"
+0,"Structural trends in technology and energy markets currently indicate a shift toward the phasing out of coal power generation in the near future, particularly among Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member states. Similarly, recent reductions in the cost of renewable energy production makes its rapid deployment a viable alternative to coal in emerging economies in South East Asia and other developing regions.
+
+International collaboration can consolidate and accelerate these twin t"
+1,"Commercial satellite imagery from July 31 of North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center indicates ongoing work on the secondary cooling system for the 5 MWe reactor. A low-flow discharge is observed coming from the pre-existing cooling water outfall pipe, indicating the reactor is most likely not operating but that residual heat from earlier reactor operations is being dumped.
+
+Imagery also indicates continued vehicular traffic in and around the 5 MWe reactor and Experimental Light Water Reac"
+0,"Tsentralnoye Mining Directorate entered into production in 1982 at the Kanzhugan deposit. Uranium is extracted using a sulphuric acid leachate. [1] During the Soviet era, material from the Stepnoye and Tsentralnoye Mining Directorates was processed at Kara Balta Ore Mining Combine in Kyrgyzstan. In 1993, Kazakhstan reduced the amount of material shipped to Kyrgyzstan and redirected most uranium ore shipments to Tselinnyy Mining and Chemical Combine in Stepnogorsk. [2] In the 1990s, output from Tsentralnoye "
+0,"The government of Russia’s Sakhalin Oblast, Rosatom, Russian Railways and Transmashholding (TMH) on 3 September signed a protocol concerning a project for organising a railway service using hydrogen fuel cell trains on Sakhalin island.
+
+The protocol was signed by the Governor of the Sakhalin Region Valery Limarenko, First Deputy General Director for Development and International Business at Rosatom Kirill Komarov, General Director and Chairman of the Board of Russian Railways Oleg Belozerov and TMH General "
+0,"Seoul and Beijing could press for DPRK athletes to join Games under Olympic or unification flag, expert tells NK News
+
+Image: NK News (file) | North Korean athletes march in a parade in Pyongyang, April 15, 2017"
+0,"A new Partnership Agreement has been signed today between World Nuclear Association and Women in Nuclear Global at a virtual ceremony.
+
+Under the Partnership, both organizations recognise their shared goal of supporting the advancement of nuclear science and technology and the global nuclear industry and agree to work together to find opportunities for joint activities and projects.
+
+Dr. Sama Bilbao y Leon, Director General of World Nuclear Association, said: “ We have had a long-standing relationship with "
+0,"The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) employs over 2.2 million people, including almost 1.4 million active duty personnel as of FY 2020. While today’s U.S. military is near its smallest size since the end of World War II in terms of active duty end strength, personnel costs are at a historic high—surpassed only by the height of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Left unaddressed, high personnel costs may limit resources for Department of Defense (DoD) modernization initiatives and could threaten the long-te"
+0,"State media claims soldiers built one story every 16 hours and carried materials up tower ‘dozens’ of times per day
+
+North Korean soldiers have finished framework construction of an 80-story skyscraper in Pyongyang, state media claimed Wednesday, revealing that designers added about 30 floors to what was originally planned to be a 50-odd-story building.
+
+Though state media has yet to reveal the skyscraper’s precise height, it is likely that its 80 floors will be taller than a 70-story tower that sprouted up"
+0,Benjamin R. Young discusses an often overlooked aspect of North Korea’s history during the Cold War
+0,"Romania and Canada have agreed to strengthen cooperation in nuclear energy in a key move enabling the completion, refurbishment and possible expansion of the Cernavoda nuclear power plant. The signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Bucharest yesterday follows similar agreements with the USA and France.
+
+""I am glad that in our project of modernisation and construction of new nuclear reactors, in addition to the partners from the USA and France, we are joined by the Canadian partners, with whom we "
+0,"As the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV) works to understand and solve monitoring and verification challenges across the nuclear weapons lifecycle—from material production and control, warhead assembly and deployment, to storage, dismantlement, and disposition—experts can draw on a long history of work and analysis that has been done in this area.
+
+At the inaugural meeting of the International Partnership, members of the Partnership agreed that it would be important to s"
+0,"How the Maduro Regime Is Using Internal Party Primaries to Further Consolidate Power
+
+Venezuela’s National Electoral Council (CNE) scheduled regional and local elections for November 21, 2021. Subsequently, rather than hand-picking candidates, Venezuela’s ruling party, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), decided to hold its first regional primaries since 2008. The process is divided into two distinct phases: (1) the nomination phase, which took place on June 27, 2021, where only grassroots Chavi"
+0,"Nuclear power can be part of a broader portfolio alongside deploying other sustainable low- or zero-carbon technologies to decarbonise the global energy system and energy intensive industries, according to a new technology brief from the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The publication highlights nuclear power as an important source of low-carbon energy that can contribute to attaining carbon neutrality and for policy-makers who wish to meet climate and sustainable development objectiv"
+1,"Recent commercial satellite imagery indicated new construction is underway at North Korea’s Uranium Enrichment Plant (UEP) at the country’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center. Analysis by Jeffrey Lewis, Joshua Pollack and David Schmerler on Arms Control Wonk was reported by CNN, concluding that the “expansion of the enrichment plant probably indicates that North Korea plans to increase production of its weapons-grade uranium at the Yongbyon site by as much as 25 percent,” suggesting that the new bu"
+0,"1967: Start-up of the U.S.-supplied 5-megawatt Tehran Research Reactor (TRR).
+
+1970: Iran signs the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT).
+
+1974: Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) is established.
+
+1979: German construction of the Bushehr nuclear power reactors, begun in the mid-1970s, is suspended.
+
+Mid-1980s: Iran conducts laboratory scale experiments to produce heavy water at the Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC).
+
+1981-93: Iran carries out bench scale preparation of UO2 (uranium dioxide) a"
+0,"The IAEA Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (NA) will host four hybrid side events, two technical tours of its research laboratories and an exhibition during the 65th IAEA General Conference, to be held at the Agency’s headquarters in Vienna from 20 to 24 September 2021.
+
+The four Side Events, with Vienna times listed below, will be publicly accessible. For those who cannot attend, each will also be summarized in articles on iaea.org along the week.
+
+ReNuAL2: Building for Science (with live bro"
+0,"VERTIC’s National Implementation Measures (NIM) team has concluded its work on the European Union Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence (EU CBRN CoE) Project 53 on biosafety and biosecurity in Central Asia.
+
+VERTIC’s National Implementation Measures (NIM) team has concluded its work on the European Union Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence (EU CBRN CoE) Project 53 on biosafety and biosecurity in Central Asia.
+
+Project 53 was implemented in clos"
+0,"Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation has completed construction of Unit 2 of the Barakah nuclear power station and officially handed it over to subsidiary Nawah Energy to prepare for commercial operation.
+
+Enec said in a statement on 14 July that Unit 2 has cleared its construction phase and the focus now shifts to completing operational readiness preparations, testing, regulatory inspections, and the international assessments needed for Nawah Energy to obtain the operating licence from the UAE’s nuclear reg"
+0,"Fusion power offers the prospect of an almost inexhaustible source of energy for future generations, but it also presents so far unresolved engineering challenges.
+The fundamental challenge is to achieve a rate of heat emitted by a fusion plasma that exceeds the rate of energy injected into the plasma.
+The main hope is centred on tokamak reactors and stellarators which confine a deuterium-tritium plasma magnetically.
+
+Today, many countries take part in fusion research to some extent, led by the European Uni"
+0,"The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) enters into force today, 90 days after the deposit of the 50th instrument of ratification. So far, a total of 86 countries have signed the treaty, which complements existing disarmament measures like the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
+
+The TPNW is a significant milestone in the long and global effort to achieve a world free from nuclear weapons. The 86 countries that have signed so far are also signatories to the NPT––which also calls for nuclear disa"
+0,"Panelists:
+
+Susan Burk
+Mieke Eoyang
+David Kay
+John Lauder
+Edward Levine
+Stephen Rademaker
+William Tobey
+
+Moderated by Valerie Lincy, executive director of the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control
+
+The landmark nuclear deal with Iran, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) turned two years old on July 14. Yet two years after it was agreed to, and 18 months after the start of its implementation, the public has no clear sense of how the agreement is functioning. One of the main reasons fo"
+0,"The use of explosive weapons in populated areas, or the bombing of towns, cities, and villages, leads to vast humanitarian harm, destruction of civilian infrastructure, and environmental degradation. Reaching Critical Will supports efforts to end this inhumane and illegal practice, including through the development of an international political declaration and by holding governments and companies to account for arms transfers that lead to such bombing.
+
+The use of explosive weapons (e.g. mortars, rockets, a"
+0,"Reigniting Progress toward an AIDS-Free Generation in the Covid-19 Era
+
+The Issue
+
+More than one year into the Covid-19 pandemic, lockdowns, quarantines, and disruptions to trade and transportation have interrupted clinical services and slowed progress in reaching global goals regarding children living with HIV. Ironically, these setbacks come at a time when new diagnostic tools and therapies have made it easier than ever to reach pregnant women and children with HIV prevention, testing, and treatment optio"
+0,"In 2019, 57% of world uranium mined was from by in situ leach (ISL) methods. Most uranium mining in the USA, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan is now by ISL, also known as in situ recovery (ISR).
+ISL mining of uranium is undertaken in Australia, China, and Russia as well.
+In USA, ISL is seen as the most cost effective and environmentally acceptable method of mining, and other experience supports this.
+
+Conventional mining involves removing mineralised rock (ore) from the ground, breaking it up and treating it to re"
+0,"Nearly 30 coal-laden ships were anchored on the Taedong River about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Pyongyang in April this year, according to a forthcoming U.N. report, possibly indicating the large-scale export of illicit coal from North Korea.
+
+High-resolution satellite imagery from April contained in a draft of the upcoming Panel of Experts (PoE) report seen by NK Pro shows a flotilla of 32 cargo ships anchored off the Taean district of Nampho.
+
+All but three or four were filled to the brim with illegal a"
+0,"VNIPIpromtechnologii, JSC - the engineering centre of Rosatom's mining division ARMZ Uranium Holding Co - has received a ""positive opinion"" on design work and engineering surveys for in-situ leach (ISL) development at the Kolichikan uranium deposit from the Russian State Expert Examination Board, Glavgosekspertiza. This means development of the deposit, in the Khiagda orefield, can proceed.
+
+The opinion was obtained under agreement with Khiagda JSC, which is engaged in uranium mining by ISL in the Bauntovsk"
+0,"To limit the increase in global average temperature to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels, the most critical transformational pathways for reducing emissions need to be accelerated, and innovative ideas need further attention.
+
+Even before Congress passed the historic $2.2 trillion Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, buzz began to build in Washington, DC, that lawmakers would soon return to the Capitol to hash out another deal. President Donald Trump signed the CARES Act into law on Fr"
+0,"The Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant (LANPP) is located less than one kilometer from the Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station and the two separate facilities combine to create the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base. [1] Both facilities are operated by CGNPC and the majority of the reactor output is transmitted to Hong Kong. [2]
+
+The construction of the Ling Ao plant was based on the design of the Guangdong Daya Bay plant and the total cost of the project was $4.1 billion. A group of French companies including Élect"
+0,"Globally and throughout India, cyber-attacks have increased creating concerns about the safety of Indian data targets. As the use of technology spreads, India must ensure awareness of cyber-attacks to minimize any future damage. Additionally, it’s essential that Indian citizens adopt quality cyber hygiene standards to protect the country’s cyberinfrastructure. To supplement their cyber defenses, the United States and India should renew and strengthen the Framework for the U.S.-India Cyber Relationship which"
+0,"On April 26th, the Future of Diplomacy Project and Carla Dirlikov Canales hosted Ambassador (ret.) Caroline Kennedy, former U.S. Ambassador to Japan (2013-2017), and Professor Joseph Nye, University Distinguished Service Professor, Emeritus at Harvard for the second seminar of the Future of Cultural Diplomacy series. Ambassador (ret.) Nicholas Burns, Professor and Faculty Chair of the Future of Diplomacy Project at Harvard Kennedy School and Carla Dirlikov Canales, 2021 Harvard Advanced Leadership Fellow an"
+0,"Most nuclear electricity is generated using just two kinds of reactor which were developed in the 1950s and improved since.
+The first generation of these reactors have all been retired, and most of those operating are second-generation.
+New designs are coming forward, both large and small.
+About 10% of the world's electricity is produced from nuclear energy.
+
+How does a nuclear reactor produce electricity?
+
+A nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atoms of certain ele"
+0,"South Korean man denies charges that he and three others took orders from DPRK operatives
+
+Image: NK News (file) | A silhouette of a North Korean man in April, 2010
+
+A key suspect in a major espionage case involving South Koreans who allegedly worked for North Korea has denied the accusations against him, telling NK News that his activities were part of efforts to promote unification."
+0,"Please join the CSIS Americas Program for a virtual event on Daniel Ortega’s increasingly autocratic rule in Nicaragua and how the international community can continue to maintain pressure on the regime.
+
+Following a slew of repressive laws in late 2020, the past two months have witnessed Daniel Ortega crack down further on Nicaragua’s political opposition, arresting dozens from a wide swath of society and invalidating major pre-presidential candidates from electoral competition. These actions, which have s"
+1,"Overview:
+
+Analysis of satellite imagery from June 2021 revealed new activity at the abandoned 50 MWe reactor at Yongbyon, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
+
+Key Findings:
+
+Planet Labs high resolution imagery from 23 June shows that approximately half of the rooftop (~40x20 meters) was removed from a building adjacent to the main facility that houses the 50 MWe reactor. Construction material was placed next to the building. The development happened sometime between June 6 and June 23.
+
+In January 2020,"
+0,"Lithuania does not possess or produce nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons, or ballistic missiles.
+
+Independent between the two World Wars, Lithuania was annexed by the USSR in 1940. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, a proclamation Moscow did not recognize until September 1991. Vilnius is a member of NATO and the EU, as well as a number of treaties and organizations pertaining to WMD nonproliferation. Lithuania has one nuclear power plant, "
+0,"Foreign travelers can dine at a surprising assortment of Korean and international restaurants in the capital city
+
+Image: Young Pioneer Tours (Oct. 2019) | Teppanyaki at the Ryugyong Restaurant in Pyongyang"
+0,"Independent, non-profit newsroom The New Humanitarian and the Stanley Center partner to explore what makes societies resilient to conflict and mass violence.
+
+Conflict and violence often make headlines. But focusing attention on the “bang-bang” can create an impression that violence is somehow inevitable. While reporting just before and during a crisis is critical to helping people understand conflict dynamics and ways to prevent escalation to mass violence or atrocities, there are many overlooked stories—o"
+0,"The Yellowcake Production Plant at Ardakan, formerly a pilot-scale facility, processes between 50 and 70 tons of uranium ore per year into yellowcake (U308 or uranium ore concentrate). [1] The plant officially entered service in April 2013. [2] Iran did not initially disclose to the international community its intention to turn the Ardakan pilot plant, constructed with Chinese assistance, into a larger facility. [3] The National Council of Resistance of Iran, an organization that opposes the current Iranian"
+0,"The emergence of technologies such as drones, autonomous robotics, artificial intelligence, cyber and biotechnologies has stimulated worldwide debates on their use, risks and benefits in both the civilian and the security-related fields.
+
+This volume examines the concept of ‘governance’ as an analytical framework and tool to investigate how new and emerging security technologies are governed in practice within the European Union (EU), emphasising the relational configurations among different state and non-s"
+0,"Finnish utility Fortum has completed an environmental impact assessment (EIA) report that outlines the environmental impact of a potential lifetime extension for the Loviisa nuclear power station, along with an alternative option for the decommissioning of the two-unit facility."
+0,"Energiewende (energy transition) refers to Germany’s policy of increasing the share of renewables and phasing out nuclear power.
+Despite the very high cost acknowledged by the government, it represents a shared vision and enjoys public popularity.
+Germany has some of the lowest wholesale electricity prices in Europe and some of the highest retail prices, due to its Energiewende policies. Taxes and surcharges account for more than half the domestic electricity price.
+Germany until March 2011 obtained one-qua"
+0,"Soil carbon sequestration has gained traction within the Biden administration as a way for farmers to reduce or even reverse U.S. agriculture’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To advance this technology, Congress proposed the bipartisan Growing Climate Solutions Act , which is intended to help farmers participate in voluntary markets that pay them to store carbon in the soil. Despite bold claims, the science is mixed on whether soil carbon sequestration is a viable climate solution, particularly in terms of"
+0,"Awareness is growing of the need to align the production of coal, oil, and gas with global climate and sustainable development goals. A globally just transition from the fossil-fuel system currently underpinning the global economy will require significant international coordination and cooperation. We are initiating a dialogue over the next several months to explore existing efforts and opportunities to enhance global cooperation and collective action to align production with the Paris Agreement’s climate g"
+0,"South Korea’s National Assembly speaker requested international support this week for an inter-Korean parliamentary conference, while repeating Seoul’s stance that it does not pursue “unification by absorption.”"
+1,"Commercial satellite imagery of the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center provides more evidence that operations at the 5 MWe Reactor have likely restarted. Consistent with a recent report by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a discharge of cooling water into a new outflow channel leading into the Kuryong River is visible in satellite imagery from August 25. This has historically been one of the key indicators of reactor operations. However, unlike past intervals when the reactor was oper"
+1,"In May 2021, following its classified review of U.S. policy toward North Korea, the administration of U.S. President Joe Biden announced its intention to pursue “a calibrated, practical approach that is open to and will explore diplomacy with [North Korea].” While the administration retains the long-standing objective of denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, it acknowledges that it seeks to “make practical progress” to increase the security of the United States, that of U.S. forces on and around the Kor"
+0,"Ransomware isn't new; the idea dates back to 1986 with the ""Brain"" computer virus. Now, it's become the criminal business model of the internet for two reasons. The first is the realization that no one values data more than its original owner, and it makes more sense to ransom it back to them—sometimes with the added extortion of threatening to make it public—than it does to sell it to anyone else. The second is a safe way of collecting ransoms: Bitcoin.
+
+This is where the suggestion to ban cryptocurrencies"
+0,"Engineering firm Forth, the company leading the creation of the pioneering Autonomous Aquatic Inspection and Intervention (A2I2), is now looking for partners to bring the working prototype of the product to the commercial stage following successful trials.
+
+A2I2 is an intelligent, tetherless robot which is fitted with sonar technology to detect and avoid obstacles underwater and can be operated in hazardous environments, including in storage ponds on nuclear sites, from a safe, remote distance.
+
+It is estim"
+0,"Major trade unions in 10 European countries have again urged the European commission to include nuclear energy in the bloc’s sustainable finance taxonomy by promulgating delegated act that would allow the technology to compete with other low-emissions energy sources.
+
+The commission decided not to include nuclear energy in the sustainable finance taxonomy, which entered into force last summer, but said it would include it under a complementary delegated act in 2021. The act would include the technical scree"
+0,"Ukraine's electricity grid needs the construction of new nuclear power units, Yuriy Boyko, the country's deputy energy minister said last week. Speaking to delegates at Atomic Energy: The Future of the Industry on 17 February, Boyko described the importance of at least three new units. Nuclear power plant operator Energoatom published Boyko's comments on its website.
+
+Energoatom operates all of Ukraine's four nuclear power plants - Zaporozhe, Rovno, South Ukraine and Khmelnitsky - which comprise 15 units. I"
+0,"April 1996: Libya announces that it has no intention of acquiring nuclear weapons and signs a treaty declaring a nuclear-free zone in Africa.
+
+October 1997: Russia announces that it is ready to begin talks with Libya on overhauling the Tajura nuclear research center.
+
+December 1997: Engineers at Libya’s Great Man-made River Project tell the New York Times that they suspect the project may have some clandestine military purpose.
+
+June 1998: It is reported that Chinese technicians are working with Libya to de"
+0,"The rules and procedures for protecting classified information in Congress — which differ in the House and the Senate — are described in another new CRS report.
+
+See “Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals,”"
+0,"A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by Energy Northwest, Grant County Public Utility District and X-energy to form a partnership to support the development and commercial demonstration of the USA's first advanced nuclear reactor. The TRi Energy Partnership aims to construct a plant based on X-energy's Xe-100 reactor design at Energy Northwest's existing Columbia site in Washington.
+
+The MoU was signed on 1 April in Richland, Washington, by Energy Northwest CEO Brad Sawatzke, X-energy CEO Clay Sell"
+0,"Experts weigh in on the increasingly-dim prospects for inter-Korean talks
+
+Start-again, stop-again. That seems to be the repeating mantra of inter-Korean affairs.
+
+Despite being unabashedly in favor of inter-Korean engagement, it took over six months following Moon Jae-in becoming President of South Korea in May 2017 for North Korea to become interested in considering engagement with his government."
+0,"One nuclear power reactor is operating in Iran, after many years' construction.
+Two further large Russian-designed units are planned, the first of which commenced construction in November 2019.
+The country also has a major programme developing uranium enrichment, which was concealed for many years.
+Iran began limiting its enrichment-related activities and ceasing its work on heavy water-related projects under the internationally-agreed Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. In 2018, the USA withdrew from the a"
+0,"Draft emerges after Russia provided DPRK with almost $1 million in jet parts in 2020
+
+Russian transport authorities have been tasked with signing a civil aviation safety agreement with their North Korean counterparts, an order posted on the official Russian government website showed last Friday.
+
+Though no Russian airlines currently fly to North Korea, the DPRK state airline Air Koryo normally maintains twice-weekly service between Pyongyang and Vladivostok. The service has been suspended since North Korea "
+0,"VERTIC participated in the Meeting of States Parties to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, held in Geneva, Switzerland during 3 to 6 December 2019.
+
+States Parties gathered in Geneva for this annual meeting to discuss topics including cooperation and assistance; science and technology; national implementation; preparedness and response; and institutional strengthening of the Convention.
+
+VERTIC endorsed the joint NGO statement and Senior Legal Officer, Yasemin Balci, also delivered VERTIC’s separa"
+0,"The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) is seeking an organized and outgoing professional, with a positive “can do” attitude, to join our team as an Office Assistant/Receptionist.
+
+NTI is a non-profit whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.
+
+This position requires reporting to our DC office each day to assist with office management. It is a nonexempt position, working 8 hours per day (excluding lunch) from Monday through "
+0,"Earlier this summer Darren Walker, the head of the Ford Foundation, told a story that I have not been able to stop thinking about. As you know, the Ford Foundation is one of the largest philanthropic institutions in the world with assets of 14 billion US dollars.
+
+He said that last winter, before the pandemic, before the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officers, Walker was at a black-tie gala event with the wealthiest philanthropists in New York. And as he looked around the ballroom and listene"
+0,"The USA has nuclear fuel production capacity insufficient for domestic needs. A new enrichment plant is licensed to expand.
+Currently, almost all the uranium used in US commercial reactors is imported. After reaching a peak in 1980, domestic mining now accounts for about 5% of the fuel used in US reactors.
+Between 1977 and 2005, government policy did not allow reprocessing of used fuel for commercial reactors.
+
+Uranium resources and mining
+
+The USA ranks 15th in the world for known uranium resources in the "
+0,"Westinghouse and Energoatom have signed a VVER-440 fuel supply contract fuel for the Rovno nuclear power plant in Ukraine. The contract - for the development and delivery of licensing documentation - was signed yesterday by Energoatom Acting President Petro Kotin and Westinghouse Vice President and Managing Director Northern and Eastern Europe Aziz Dag, at the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine, in the presence of Minister of Energy Herman Halushchenko.
+
+L-R: Petro Kotin, Herman Halushchenko and Aziz Dag (Image:"
+0,"1955: The U.S. and Brazil sign an Atoms for Peace agreement for nuclear cooperation.
+
+1956: The National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEN) is created.
+
+1957: Brazil’s first research reactor, the IEA-R1, a pool light water reactor, goes critical.
+
+1960: A second research reactor, the IPR-RI, a Triga Mark I light water reactor, goes critical.
+
+1965: A third research reactor, the Argonauta, an Argonaut light water reactor, goes critical.
+
+1971: Brazil orders a light-water power reactor from Westinghouse.
+
+1975: "
+0,"Not yet spring, and still too cold to be meeting outside on the patio. Nevertheless, there sat Inspector O at a small table off by himself, without a heater, and much exposed to the wind.
+
+He seemed to be concentrating on a small notebook, but I knew he would see me as I slipped across the icy flagstones. There is no one more acutely aware of his surroundings at all times than O. When he didn’t look up to welcome me, I figured it would be best not to let him think he had me nonplussed. Action for action, as"
+0,"The IAEA Board of Governors will convene a meeting starting at 10:30 CEST on Monday, 13 September in the Plenary Hall of the M-Building at the Vienna International Centre (VIC). It will be held as a physical meeting with the possibility of remote connection.
+
+Board discussions are expected to include: nuclear and radiation safety; nuclear security; strengthening the Agency’s activities related to nuclear science, technology and applications; verification and monitoring in the Islamic Republic of Iran in lig"
+1,"This is a guest post by my colleague Jamie Withorne. Jamie is a Research Assistant at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Her work focuses on emerging technology, North Korea’s sanctions evasion, and North Korea’s nuclear fuel cycle.
+
+This is the first of a three part series that aims to provide an in-depth review of North Korea’s uranium conversion capabilities, including addressing what details presently remain unknown. While this series does not attempt to identify North Korea’s uranium"
+0,"From electric cars and propane vehicles to natural gas-powered buses and trucks that run on biodiesel, today’s options for alternative fuel vehicles are vast. Increasing the use of alternative fuels and vehicles will help reduce consumers’ fuel costs, minimize pollution and increase the nation’s energy security.
+
+Working with universities, private-sector companies and the National Labs, the Energy Department supports research and development of alternative fuels and vehicle technologies to provide consumers"
+0,"In this paper, GovLab cofounder and GPD Advisory Board member, Stefaan Verhulst, examines a range of current and actual instances of governance in the digital environment which embody (or at least approximate) the ideal of multistakeholderism, asking what lessons can be learned—and what these examples tell us about the state of, and prospects for, internet governance.
+
+The paper was initially commissioned by the Stanley Center to inform their project on multistakeholder coalitions and published by ."
+0,"Radiation occurs naturally and comes from sources all around us, including our own bodies. Radiation is often misunderstood, but helps to save lives and cure disease.
+
+Radiation is natural and found everywhere – it comes from outer space, the air we breathe, and the earth we tread. It’s even in our bodies; naturally occurring radioactive elements in our bones irradiate us on average 5000 times per second. Sleeping next to someone gives us a much higher radiation dose than living close to a nuclear power sta"
+0,"Human rights defender and Burundian refugee, Ketty Nivyabandi, of the Nobel Women’s Initiative, believes that peacebuilding is really about addressing the root causes of conflict, “because peace is not just the absence of war.”
+
+“Peace is really the circumstances that allow each citizen to thrive,” she said. “It’s critical to cover that and report on those stories. By doing so, we spread, we share a broader narrative for peace.”
+
+Nivyabandi was among approximately 200 attendees of the Pulitzer Center on Cri"
+1,"Washington (CNN) New satellite images obtained by CNN reveal North Korea is expanding a key facility capable of enriching uranium for nuclear weapons, renovations that likely indicate the country plans to significantly ramp-up production at this once-dormant site in the near future, according to experts who analyzed the photos.
+
+Images captured by commercial imaging company Maxar earlier this week show construction is underway at a uranium enrichment plant located within the Yongbyon Nuclear Research Facili"
+0,"On May 21, 2021, the X-Press Pearl erupted into flames about 18 kilometers northwest of Colombo, Sri Lanka, while awaiting permission to enter port. The fire is believed to have been caused by the chemicals aboard the cargo ship, which was carrying 1,486 containers, including 350 tons of fuel oil and 25 tons of nitric acid. Efforts to pull the ship farther out to sea have failed, and the boat’s sinking is imminent. Sri Lanka now faces an environmental disaster, and coastal communities—especially those that "
+0,"The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said on 2 September that an IAEA team of experts was in Lebanon to help strengthen its capability to examine the integrity of buildings impacted in last year’s port explosion in Beirut.
+
+The team - including three experts from Italy, Malaysia and Spain, and one IAEA staff member – was training national authorities and professionals in conducting non-destructive testing (NDT) to check the structural soundness of such buildings using specialised equipment. Many bu"
+0,"North Korea marks 73rd founding anniversary with third nighttime procession in past year, but leaves out major weapons
+
+North Korean leader Kim Jong Un oversaw a “parade of paramilitary and public security forces” just after midnight featuring troops, SWAT teams and students carrying small arms and marching through central Pyongyang, but no missiles or heavy weapons were displayed.
+
+Kim did not make a speech, but top official Ri Il Hwan defended the country’s socialist system and claimed success in the face"
+0,"The Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (VRDE) grew out of the Inspectorate of Mechanical Transport, which was established in 1929 at Chaklala (now Pakistan). It was relocated to Ahmednagar in 1947 and designated as the Technical Development Establishment, Vehicles (TDE). The TDE, Vehicles was once again renamed as the Technical Development Establishment (Vehicles and Engineering Stores) in August 1960 and in February 1962, it was further bifurcated into an engineering and vehicles division. The e"
+0,"Finding the right financing model is crucial, but policymakers have been slow to react
+
+According to nuclear generating utilities and scientific organisations in Europe, 26% of the electricity produced in the bloc comes from commercial reactors and it remains the EU’s largest source of low-carbon electricity."
+0,"Delivery of the UK’s net-zero goals requires a vast increase in the production of zero-carbon electricity, hydrogen and district heating. Nuclear can make a vital and commercially viable contribution to the rapid scale-up of these energy vectors, write Dr Paul Nevitt, technical director of the Advanced Fuel Cycle Programme (AFCP) at the National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL), Kirsty Gogan and Eric Ingersoll, managing directors at LucidCatalyst, and Scott Milne, head of insights at Energy Systems Catapult.
+
+""It i"
+0,"History makes for an uncomfortable mirror if only because it shows us how we have aged. In January 1961, President Kennedy famously stated, “Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” Kennedy spoke to a global generation that had endured the human and economic catastrophe of the Great Depression. That world also lived through the cata"
+0,"In 2014, then-Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Jeh Johnson issued a memo (The 2014 memo) recommending “policies supporting U.S. high-skilled businesses and workers.” DHS offered a range of policies for updating the employment-based immigration system to encourage economic development. We propose that DHS issue a follow-up memo now focused specifically on international entrepreneurs to help the U.S. economy recover from the pandemic."
+1,"Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction has signed an engineering service contract with X-energy of the USA for studies into the manufacture of major components for the Xe-100 small modular reactor (SMR). The South Korean company said participating in the project will help it to diversify its own SMR business.
+
+Under the contract, signed on 27 August, Doosan will support the development of the reactor by performing a study for its optimum design in terms of manufacturability. It will also conduct mock-up tes"
+0,"On 25 June 2021, the Radiation and Health Physics Unit, University of the Witwatersrand and VERTIC) hosted an online African regional workshop to further discuss the establishment of a (South) African Nuclear Disarmament Verification hub. The theme of the meeting was: ‘Verifying the dismantlement of South Africa’s nuclear weapons programme: sufficient assurance?’
+
+South Africa’s nuclear disarmament provides the only practical experience of attempting to verify the quantity of fissile material produced in an"
+0,"Ontario faces an electricity supply shortage and reliability risks in the next four to eight years and will not meet net-zero objectives without building new low-emission, nuclear generation starting as soon as possible, according to a report released yesterday by the Power Workers' Union (PWU). The capacity needed to fill the expected supply gap will be equivalent to doubling the province's planned nuclear fleet in eight years.
+
+The planned closure of the Pickering nuclear power plant in 2025 and the incre"
+0,"Reaching Critical Will has actively provided reporting, analysis, and documentation archives from the UN General Assembly First Committee on Disarmament and International Security since 2002. Please use the menu on the left for information and documents from each year.
+
+The UN General Assembly and disarmament
+
+The United Nations General Assembly is consensus-building body, where issues of international peace and security are collectively discussed among all UN member states. Its regular session convenes in "
+0,"The CEO of a New York-based metallurgical company has been arrested on charges of illegally exporting a specialized metallic powder from the United States to Iran, the U.S. Justice Department announced on March 1. According to the criminal complaint, Erdal Kuyumcu, a naturalized U.S. citizen of Turkish descent, allegedly exported over a thousand pounds of a thermal spray powder to Iran, via transshipment through Turkey, in two shipments in 2013. The metallic powder is composed primarily of cobalt and nickel"
+0,"The 9/11: Intelligence and National Security Twenty Years Later conference will look back at the day of the attacks 20 years ago to understand their impact through personal stories, policy reflections, and consideration for the long-term impact on American society.
+
+We will convene senior national security officials who led the response, family members of those impacted by the event, veterans of the War in Afghanistan, former intelligence officers, and historians. The five panels will examine the day of the"
+0,"Characterizing problems in cyber policy and security
+
+Problems in cyber policy and security pose many challenges that are worthy of research. Some specifics are provided below, but first it is helpful consider the nature of these problems from a more abstract perspective. These problems share several characteristics.
+
+Cyber policy and security generally require multidisciplinary thought and expertise. It is axiomatic that problems in cyber policy and security have some technical content, but it is essential"
+0,"Belgium-based engineering multinational Tractebel has been awarded a contract by the European Space Agency (ESA) to evaluate the possibility of producing plutonium 238 (Pu-238), the nuclear fuel used for space exploration, in Europe for the first time."
+0,"Agreement includes site feasibility studies, cost studies and technical reviews
+
+US-based small modular reactor developer NuScale Power and Ukraine’s state nuclear generating company Energoatom have signed a memorandum of understanding to explore the deployment of NuScale plants in Ukraine."
+1,"In 1999 three workers received high doses of radiation in a small Japanese plant preparing fuel for an experimental reactor.
+The accident was caused by bringing together too much uranium enriched to a relatively high level, causing a 'criticality' (a limited uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction), which continued intermittently for 20 hours.
+A total of 119 people received a radiation dose over 1 mSv from the accident, but only the three operators' doses were above permissible limits. Two of the doses proved f"
+0,"After 16 months of leading the organisation as Acting Executive Director from New Zealand, Angela Woodward informed VERTIC’s Board that she wishes to return to her Deputy Executive Director position, devote more time to her role as Programme Director for VERTIC’s Compliance Mechanisms and Measures Programme, and return the executive management lead to a United Kingdom-based member of VERTIC’s Senior Management Group. The VERTIC Board thanked Angela for her excellent work as Acting Executive Director.
+
+VERTI"
+0,"Key Highlights
+
+Apprehension and fear among Americans regarding the prospective COVID-19 vaccine persists. One of the most prolific sources of disinformation on this issue was last week’s pronouncement by Kanye West, referring to vaccines as “the mark of the beast” and claims that a COVID-19 vaccine was an attempt to “put chips inside of us.” West has nearly 30 million followers on Twitter, 8.5 million followers on Facebook and a substantial reach in digital news media.
+Numerous disinformation campaigns hav"
+0,"Technology brief also appears to back calls for reactors to be included in bloc’s taxonomy
+
+Decarbonising energy is a significant undertaking that will require deployment of all available low-carbon technologies, including nuclear power, but governments must provide positive, long-term policy signals for new reactor development, according to a new technology brief from the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)."
+0,"This briefing paper aims to provide some background on the terminology around GBV and to highlight questions that will be relevant for risk assessments under article 6 and 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty.
+
+The ATT is the first ever legally-binding regime that recognises the link between gender-based violence (GBV) and the international arms trade. Under the ATT it is illegal to transfer weapons if there is a risk that the weapons will be used to facilitate GBV (article 7(4)). In practice, this means that those c"
+0,"A project involving VERTIC’s National Implementation Measures (NIM) team has been officially recognised as part of the EU-ASEAN response to the global COVID-19 pandemic.
+
+On 27 April 2020, the EU published a press release and fact sheet detailing the collaborative response between the EU and ASEAN to tackle the pandemic. The fact sheet includes European Union Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Risk Mitigation Centres of Excellence (EU CBRN CoE) Project 81 ‘BIOSEC-Enhanced Biosecurity in South Ea"
+0,"Despite the title, this week’s column is not about agriculture; it’s about steel, an industry close to my heart throughout my professional career. I spent 17 years managing the Congressional Steel Caucus, first as staff for Senator John Heinz (R-PA) and then for Senator Jay Rockefeller (D-WV). Both of them tried valiantly to save jobs in the industry, and both had notable victories, but the long-term trend in the industry over 40 years has been declining jobs and increased productivity.
+
+There were 398,829 "
+0,"The loading of spherical fuel elements has begun at the demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) at Shidaowan, in China's Shandong province. The milestone came one day after the issuance of an operating licence for the twin-unit plant, which is scheduled to start operations later this year.
+
+Workers load the first fuel elements into the HTR-PM (Image: China Huaneng)
+
+China's nuclear regulator, the National Nuclear Safety Administration, issued an operating licence for the HTR-PM on 2"
+0,"Convicted of espionage and effectively abandoned by Seoul, it's unclear whether any will ever return home
+
+| Jeongmin Kim
+
+Americans arrested in North Korea like Otto Warmbier, Kenneth Bae, Laura Ling all received major global media attention during their captivity. Years after their abductions, questions about citizens like Megumi Yokota and Hitomi Soga were also a topic of major national interest in Japan.
+
+But for the South Koreans detained in North Korea, silence is the typical response in Seoul, despit"
+0,"Cybersecurity firm links attack to North Korean group, with expert warning site still vulnerable to similar breaches
+
+Nils Weisensee"
+0,"A rapid transition to clean energy in fast-developing Southeast Asia is essential to slowing climate change. Yet little is known about the media narratives shaping national debates on the energy transition in each country.
+
+To better understand these narratives and the factors that shape clean energy coverage in the region, the Stanley Center for Peace and Security and Climate Tracker partnered on “ Fueling the Tiger Cubs: How Southeast Asia’s Media Is Covering Coal’s Last Frontier,” a media analysis examin"
+1,"A 38 North exclusive with analysis by Peter Makowsky, Frank V. Pabian and Jack Liu
+
+Commercial satellite imagery from October and November indicate a low level of activity at North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, but with no observable indications of reactor operations. The small, cylindrical-shaped containers reported in the Fuel Reception Area of the Radiochemical Laboratory facilities in September, are no longer present.
+
+The Radiochemical Laboratory
+
+The numerous small, white cylind"
+0,"Innovations in Nuclear Disarmament Verification: A Virtual Symposium of the IPNDV
+
+For more than six years, the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV) has brought together technical and policy experts from more than 25 countries with and without nuclear weapons to address the complex challenges of nuclear disarmament verification. Partnership meetings, activities, and exercises have been designed to better understand concepts and approaches for verifying and monitoring nuclea"
+0,"NAC International has announced that its Optimus-H system for packaging radioactive waste has been certified for use in Canada. Optimus-H is more heavily shielded than the Optimus-L version which was certified last year, and is suitable for a broader range of higher activity wastes.
+
+Optimus H transport system (Image: NAC International)
+
+The certification by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, which was officially granted on 18 August, ""opens the door"" for NAC to seek approvals from other national regul"
+0,"While the USA has more private sector participation in the production of civilian nuclear power than any other nation, the government is heavily involved through safety and environmental regulations, R&D funding, and setting national energy goals.
+Beginning in the late 1990s, US government policy and funding decisions have encouraged the development of greater civilian nuclear capacity.
+The commitment to nuclear power as part of the USA's long-term energy strategy continues, but there has been a reduction i"
+0,"At the 2017 NPT Preparatory Committee, Ms. Ray Acheson, Director of WILPF’s disarmament programme Reaching Critical Will, delivered the following presentation at a side event hosted by the governments of Ireland and Sweden on gender, development, and nuclear weapons. This presentation is based on a longer article soon to be published.
+
+Thank you to the governments of Ireland and Sweden for organising this panel and inviting WILPF to be involved.
+
+It’s 30 years since Dr. Carol Cohn’s seminal work on gender a"
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+As the latest chapter in US diplomacy aimed at denuclearizing North Korea comes to another unhappy end, it is time to take stock. As the diplomatic strategy adjusts to new realities, it is also time to revisit deterrence strategy. Having been put on the back burner these last few years, that strategy is in need of attention. Some difficult choices lie ahead about how to further adapt and strengthen that strategy and the associated regional deterrence architecture. The most contentious iss"
+0,"Serious engagement between the US and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has typically employed three strands of signaling: lower-level official statements or commentary; substantive positions discussed at the negotiating table; and private messages between the two countries’ top leaders. Historically, it has been difficult for Washington to coordinate these strands. The North Koreans may have their own problems but have generally exhibited more message discipline and tuned the three to reinfo"
+0,"Overview
+
+Opened for signature: 8 September 2006
+Entered into force: 21 March 2009
+Ratified: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan & Uzbekistan
+Duration: Unlimited
+Depository: Kyrgyzstan
+Organs: None
+
+Resources
+
+Treaty Text
+
+Membership
+
+5 states - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
+
+Background
+
+The idea of a CANWFZ dates back to the 1992 initiative by Mongolia declaring itself a nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ), in which Mongolia also called for a regional NWFZ. The f"
+0,"Land grabbing—when a government, company, or other entity purchases large swathes of land in another country—can affect local land rights and agricultural production, sometimes putting local food security at risk. While such purchases in low- and middle-income countries have been covered extensively, they also happen here in the United States. Foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land doubled from 2009 to 2019, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) records, and policymakers have become increa"
+0,"After silence from Pyongyang about the Biden administration’s newly announced North Korea policy, Kim Jong Un had appeared to nudge open the door to diplomacy during a recent party meeting. However, Washington’s characterization of those remarks as being only “interesting” quickly received two authoritative-level statements that make clear Kim was not signaling plans for immediate engagement, especially not without something more concrete from Washington than repetition of vague policy formulations. The sta"
+0,"The Hill on August 18, 2021.
+
+Events this week in Afghanistan create many uncertainties: Will terrorists again attack Americans from an Afghan base? Will narcotics exports increase? Will humanitarian conditions deteriorate? One thing is certain, though: in the months and years ahead, we will hear countless heartrending stories of Afghans whom the United States inspired to give everything to transform their country into a modern, tolerant, vibrant state—until the United States withdrew and they lost everythi"
+0,"Spanish Translation (cries.org)
+
+This Readout and Recommendations reflects the contributions and discussions during the fourth workshop on “Regional Responses to the Venezuelan Crisis” held April 24–26, 2019, in Cúcuta, Colombia, at the border with Venezuela. The workshop was jointly organized by the Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales (CRIES), the Stanley Center for Peace and Security, the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict, the Servicio Jesuita a Refugiados "
+0,"Setting appropriate policies for economic growth tops the agendas of most national leaders. From the European Union’s Digital Single Market to China’s most recent five-year plan, and various other such broad outlines, governments across the world are trying to enact public policy that spurs economic growth. But what is the role of innovation and of intellectual property (IP) in driving economic growth?
+
+Economists have long articulated the critical role of technological innovation in driving economic growth"
+0,"Half a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, decreases in production and employment have precipitated a global economic crisis. To deal with these public health and economic shocks, governments around the world have begun enacting sweeping legislative packages that previously may have seemed unimaginable. Have these measures so far risen to the challenge of building a greener global economy to meet critical sustainability goals?
+
+Claire Healy considers progress on climate action so far during the COVID-19 era as"
+0,"Preface
+
+In January 2020, the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace initiated a new project to define a more promising future for arms control. We aim to mitigate acute nuclear risks by developing practical, concrete, and innovative ideas for interstate cooperation. In particular, we seek to catalyze the restart of U.S.-Russian risk-reduction efforts and to productively engage third parties, especially China.
+
+This interim progress report lays out five near-term proposals."
+0,"38 North has launched a project that reviews the dynamics of North Korea’s economic policymaking under Kim Jong Un, from when he assumed power in December 2011 until 2020. [1] In the coming months, the authors will follow up with analyses of the specific themes they have identified for closer inspection. Translations of the North Korean economic journal tables of contents and articles used for this project will also be made available on 38 North.
+
+Significance of the Economic Policy Question
+
+North Korea’s "
+0,"The Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) has announced the start-up of the second unit at UAE's Barakah nuclear power plant, thirteen months after Barakah unit 1 reached first criticality. Unit 2's start-up sees Barakah become the first multi-unit nuclear power plant in the region.
+
+Barakah 2's start up (Image: ENEC)
+
+The UAE's Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR) issued an operating licence for Barakah 2 to its operator, the Nawah Energy Company, in March, with fuel loading beginning soon "
+0,"Ukraine is heavily dependent on nuclear energy – it has 15 reactors generating about half of its electricity.
+Ukraine receives most of its nuclear services and nuclear fuel from Russia, but is reducing this dependence by buying fuel from Westinghouse.
+In 2004 Ukraine commissioned two large new reactors. The government plans to maintain the nuclear share in electricity production to 2030, which will involve substantial new build.
+The government is looking to the West for both technology and investment in its"
+0,")
+
+The basic fuel for a nuclear power reactor is uranium – a heavy metal able to release abundant concentrated energy.
+Uranium occurs naturally in the Earth's crust and is mildly radioactive. It is the only element with a naturally-occurring fissile isotope.
+Depleted uranium is a by-product from enriching natural uranium to use in nuclear power reactors.
+Most of the uranium used in nuclear reactors can be recycled.
+The health hazards associated with uranium are much the same as those for lead.
+
+The Earth's "
+0,"While commissioning of some of the equipment and technological systems within the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement (NSC) progresses, many of the systems are now in operation.
+
+The NSC is the largest moveable land-based structure ever built, with a span of 257m, a length of 162m, a height of 108m and a total weight of 36,000 tonnes equipped. It will make the accident site safe and with a lifetime of 100 years will allow for the eventual dismantling of the ageing makeshift shelter from 1986 and the management o"
+0,"Westinghouse, the UK National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL), and Canada-based reactor developer Terrestrial Energy have signed an agreement to advance the industrial scaleup and commercial supply of enriched uranium fuel.
+
+The fuel is intended for use in Terrestrial Energy’s integral molten salt reactor (IMSR), a Generation IV advanced nuclear power plant, which is under development in Ontario, Canada.
+
+The agreement with Westinghouse and the NNL – the UK’s national laboratory for nuclear fission research – defi"
+0,"For those who remember Sept. 11, 2001, details of the day – the confusion, chaos and collective grief – are as clear now as they were 20 years ago when the deadliest terrorist attack in U.S. history occurred.
+
+But many college students today have no memories of 19 al-Qaida operatives hijacking four commercial airplanes and killing nearly 3,000 people in a terrorist attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C, and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylv"
+0,"The greenhouse effect occurs naturally, providing a habitable climate.
+Atmospheric concentrations of some of the gases that produce the greenhouse effect are increasing due to human activity and most of the world's climate scientists consider that this is a significant part of the cause of observed climate change.
+The oceans are a critical part of the climate system, with vastly greater thermal capacity than the atmosphere. Most of the net energy increase in the climate system in recent decades is stored in"
+0,"The reactor pressure vessel, steam generator and hot gas duct of the second reactor at China's demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) have been successfully paired and connected, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) announced today.
+
+Work began on the demonstration HTR-PM unit - which features two small reactors and a turbine - at China Huaneng's Shidaowan site in Weihai city, in East China’s Shandong province, in December 2012. China Huaneng is the lead organisation in the co"
+0,"Global Forecast 2021 essay series.
+
+Former U.S. secretary of state Dean Acheson’s call to create “ situations of strength ” is reemerging as a compass for U.S. foreign policy. But that phrase also aptly describes the challenge that China’s global economic activities present, especially in developing and emerging markets, where it is delivering digital infrastructure that shifts the strategic landscape in its favor. The Biden administration needs a strategy for competing with China’s Digital Silk Road that b"
+0,"Work covers RPVs, reactor internals and fuel racks
+
+Core components of Sweden’s Ringhals-1 and -2 nuclear power plants will be cut up and disposed of by Westinghouse, starting as early as April 2023, plant owner Vattenfall said.
+
+Vattenfall said a contract for the work covers the reactor pressure vessels, internals and fuel racks. In a statement the company said the value of the contract was not being disclosed for commercial reasons, but it is worth several hundred million krona.
+
+Westinghouse said that it"
+0,"Today, prosecutors in New York revealed that during the past three years, Chinese firms have sold Iran materials useful for making nuclear weapons and long-range missiles. The revelations were the product of an extensive investigation into suspicious transactions that used New York banks and Chinese front companies, and that were carried out by the Chinese firm Limmt (Dalian) Metallurgy and Minerals Co., Ltd. The Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control is proud to have aided in the investigation.
+
+Althoug"
+0,"NTI works with countries and industry on strategies to better secure radiological materials.
+
+Thousands of sites in more than 100 countries house radiological sources. These are usually sealed sources of radiation used to power batteries, industrial gauges or blood irradiation equipment. In what seems a cruel paradox, the very same isotopes used for life-saving blood transfusions and cancer treatments in hospitals also can also be used to build a radiological “dirty bomb.”
+
+Unfortunately, many of these sour"
+0,"A visit to CIA headquarters is nothing like Jack Bauer's CTU: the entrance has no retina or fingerprint scans. Agents do not look like Hollywood stars.
+
+""In fact, the place has something of a shabby post office feel,"" CISAC co-director Amy Zegart told nearly 200 Stanford alumni attending her ""Class Without Quizzes"" during alumni weekend.
+
+But shows such as ""Homeland,"" ""Blacklist"" and ""24,"" with the fictitious operative Jack Bauer, have dramatically changed Americans' perception of our intelligence agencies,"
+0,"Please join the CSIS Americas Program for a livestream discussion with regional ambassadors to discuss joint priorities for the countries of the Western Hemisphere.
+
+August 2021 marks the 60th anniversary of the Alliance for Progress, an initiative which aimed to improve democratization, economic development, education, and health in Latin America, as well as to strengthen regional relationships with the United States. Although the original program failed to completely meet these goals, the Western Hemisphe"
+0,"The first clinical procedure has taken place on a patient using radioactive holmium-166 microspheres that were activated at the BR2 research reactor in Mol, Belgium, Quirem Medical said."
+0,"This week, Partha Bhattacharyya (former chairman, Coal India Limited) joins Sandeep Pai (CSIS/JTI) to discuss how Coal India Limited is preparing for a clean energy future. Mr. Bhattacharyya was chairman of Coal India from 2006-2011. Coal India Limited (CIL) is the largest coal producer in the world and how it manages the energy transition has major implications for the coal industry in India. They look at the strategies Coal India can use to diversify its portfolio, challenges to Coal India and the coal se"
+0,"On June 6, Mexico will hold the biggest elections in the country’s history, both in terms of the number of seats at stake and the potential political redistribution of power. Since 2019, Mexico has been governed by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) and his Morena Party. There is much on the table in this grand exercise of Mexican democracy, which encompasses elections for the national congress, 15 governorships, 30 local legislatures, and over 1,900 municipal positions.
+
+The country’s midterm ele"
+0,"Sustainable public utilities and effective governance are vital to security in the Middle East. Please join the CSIS Middle East Program for a conversation on the link between sustainable utilities and regional security with the commander of United States Central Command, General Kenneth F. McKenzie. General McKenzie will highlight how non-military factors, such as environmentally sustainable public utilities, advance U.S. security interests in the Middle East.
+
+General McKenzie's speech will be followed by"
+1,"Commercial satellite imagery of the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center indicates that the Thermal (Steam) Plant, which provides steam for the various processes of the Radiochemical Laboratory (RCL)–North Korea’s spent fuel reprocessing plant for plutonium extraction–appears to have been operating from late February 2021 to the present. [1] This period of operation is longer than previous maintenance efforts and more consistent with the duration of earlier reprocessing campaigns. However, without ad"
+0,"On Thursday 9th September, Anuradha Damale presented joint research with Dr Grant Christopher to the SPS 21 Conference in Aachen, Germany.
+
+The presentation looks at the Quantum Key Distribution technology and the challenges of deployment in the space operating environment."
+0,"Abandoned paper mill to become ‘state-of-the-art’ facility
+
+Ohio-based nuclear operator Energy Harbor Corp has entered into a five-year partnership with Standard Power to provide electricity from its nuclear fleet to Standard Power’s new Bitcoin blockchain mining centre in Coshocton, Ohio beginning in December 2021."
+0,"The Brzezinski Institute examines the unique interaction of history, geography, and strategy, with a goal of developing policy-relevant analysis and recommendations.
+
+The mission of the Brzezinski Institute on Geostrategy is to examine the unique interaction of history, geography, and strategy, with a goal of developing policy-relevant analysis and recommendations. Geostrategy incorporates both geopolitics and historically rooted national impulses in the formulation of prescriptive long-term geostrategies. "
+0,"The central question raised by today’s National Security Memorandum (NSM) on Improving Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Control Systems is what should take the place of a voluntary approach to cybersecurity. This responsibility falls on Congress. In many areas, Congress has realized that the United States is in a contest with China. The Chinese think the United States is unable to govern itself. Providing the authorities needed for better cybersecurity is an opportunity to prove China wrong.
+
+Propo"
+0,"With the launch of the IAEA’s latest nuclear security e-learning module, Introduction to the international legal framework for nuclear security, in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish, all 18 of the Agency’s nuclear security e-learning modules are now available in six official UN languages.
+
+To support countries in human resource development, the IAEA offers online learning modules to support capacity building in various areas of nuclear security, including topics such as: nuclear security threats "
+0,"Overview
+
+Signed: 31 December 1988
+Entered into Force: 1 January 1991
+
+Resources
+
+The India-Pakistan Non-Attack Agreement is a unique bilateral agreement that expands, in a sense, the scope of Articles 56 and 15 of the first and second protocols to the Geneva Convention. These articles state, ""Works or installations containing dangerous forces, namely dams, dykes and nuclear electrical generating stations, shall not be made the object of attack, even where these objects are military objectives, if such atta"
+0,"The World Nuclear Association's Country Profiles, linked to below, provide more detail of what is tabulated here.
+
+COUNTRY
+
+(Click name for
+Country Profile)
+
+NUCLEAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION
+
+2020
+
+REACTORS OPERABLE
+
+August 2021
+
+REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
+
+August 2021
+
+REACTORS PLANNED
+
+August 2021
+
+REACTORS PROPOSED
+
+August 2021
+
+URANIUM REQUIRED
+
+2021
+
+TWh
+
+% e
+
+No.
+
+MWe net
+
+No.
+
+MWe gross
+
+No.
+
+MWe gross
+
+No.
+
+MWe gross
+
+tonnes U
+
+Argentina 10.0 7.5 3 1641 1 29 1 1150 2 1350 206
+Armenia 2.6 34.5 1 415 0"
+0,"Atommash, part of the Volgodonsk branch of Russia's AEM Technology, is ready to ship four steam generators to unit 1 of the Akkuyu nuclear power plant under construction in Turkey. The equipment, each weighing 355 tonnes, will be transported 3000 km by ship to the construction site in Mersin province, in the south of the country.
+
+Atommash described the steam generators as the most important items of equipment for the primary reactor circuit. Comprising four VVER-1200 units, the Akkuyu NPP project will be t"
+0,"For the past three years, the Trump Administration refused to provide an annual tally of the number of nuclear weapons in the U.S. nuclear stockpile or the number of weapons that had been dismantled each year, though that had been the practice under the Obama Administration and through 2017.
+
+The Federation of American Scientists asked the Biden Administration to restore the prior level of disclosure and to report the missing stockpile and dismantlement numbers for 2018, 2019 and 2020.
+
+In a petition submit"
+0,"Radioisotope power sources have been an important source of energy in space since 1961.
+Nuclear fission reactors for space have been used mainly by Russia, but new and more powerful designs are under development in both the USA and Russia.
+Plutonium-238 is a vital power source for deep space missions.
+
+Nuclear power reactors use controlled nuclear fission in a chain reaction. With the use of neutron absorbers, the rate of reaction is controlled, so the power depending on the demand.
+
+Radioisotope Thermoelec"
+0,"Before North Korean athletes ever participated in the Olympic games, they found success at GANEFO in Indonesia
+
+Image: NK News | North Korean athletes march in a parade in Pyongyang on April 15, 2017
+
+The Soviet Union and aligned states had a tense relationship with the early Olympic movement, to say the least. In the early years of the competition, the USSR saw the Games as dangerously capitalist and “bourgeoisie.”"
+0,"An open letter to the prime minister of Belgium, Alexander De Croo, has called for the country's anti-nuclear policies to be re-evaluated and for Belgium's nuclear facilities and skills to be positively applied in an effort to avert climate change. Writing in the major newspaper La Libre, a group of young engineers called Horizon 238 appealed to De Croo: ""Our country is about to make a decision that will irreversibly shape its energy landscape for decades to come, and which will undoubtedly become one of th"
+0,"By Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
+
+[] The United Kingdom announced yesterday that it has decided to abandon a previous plan to reduce it nuclear weapons stockpile to 180 by the mid-2020s and instead “move to an overall nuclear weapon stockpile of no more than 260 warheads.”
+
+The decision makes Britain the first Western nuclear-armed state to increase its nuclear weapons stockpile since the end of the end of the Cold War. In terms of numbers, it takes Britain back to a stockpile size it had in the early-2"
+0,"On 15-16 June 2021 VERTIC and ISTC organised an online Forum for university faculty and students on the topics “Nuclear Weapons Non-proliferation Regime and Disarmament” and “The IAEA – System of Safeguards and Verification of Nuclear Disarmament”.
+
+Dr. Timur Zhantikin, Candidate of Ph.-Math. Sciences, member of the Pugwash Committee of Kazakhstan, General Director of the company “Kazakhstan Nuclear Power Plants”, was the keynote speaker and provided a comprehensive presentation on the nuclear non-prolifera"
+0,"The Heavy Water Production Plant (HWPP) will provide heavy water for the IR-40 reactor currently under construction at Arak. The HWPP began operation in November 2004 and can produce up to 16 metric tons of heavy water per year. [1] Under an IAEA Additional Protocol agreement, heavy water plants are subject to declarations and complementary inspector access. [2] Because Iran has not ratified the Additional Protocol and does not implement it, the facility is currently not under IAEA safeguards. [3] However, "
+0,"Read the full version on Russia Matters:
+
+US-Russian Contention in Cyberspace
+
+Download the PDF version:
+
+Introduction
+
+In recent years, as news of U.S.-Russian tensions in the cyber domain has dominated headlines, some strategic thinkers have pointed to the need for a bilateral cyber “rules of the road” agreement. American political scientist Joseph Nye, a former head of the U.S. National Intelligence Council, wrote in 2019 that, even “if traditional arms-control treaties are unworkable” in cyberspace, “it"
+0,"Summary
+
+The last remaining limits on Russia’s and the United States’ nuclear forces—as codified in the 2010 New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START)—are due to expire on February 5, 2021. Moscow and Washington can and should extend this agreement in its current form for five years and begin the long and difficult negotiations toward a follow-on treaty as soon as possible. Concluding such a treaty is technically feasible and, given growing U.S.-Russian tensions, strategically critical.
+
+Treaties to v"
+0,"Register Via Zoom
+
+This event will be a Webinar and has a limited number of available spots for live participants. Please register for this event through the registration button, and you will receive an email with the details to watch the event live. The recording of this event will be posted on this event page within 48 hours of its conclusion.
+
+The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the provision of essential health services worldwide, including routine immunizations. Strong, community-focused primary health"
+0,"Nuclear reactors generated a total 2553TWh of electricity in 2020, down from 2657TWh in 2019, according to the latest World Nuclear Performance Report released by the World Nuclear Association (WNA). Despite the small decline, WNA Director General, Sama Bilbao y León, said ""the resilience and flexibility shown by the global nuclear fleet tell a very positive story.""
+
+The decrease in nuclear output was strongly influenced by the overall fall of around 1% in global electricity demand in 2020 caused by the COV"
+0,"Overview
+
+Opened for Signature: 15 December 1995
+Entered into Force: 28 March 1997
+Duration: The treaty is of a permanent nature and shall remain in force indefinitely.
+Organs: Commission for the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone, Executive Committee
+
+Membership
+
+Number of Parties: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam
+
+None of the nuclear weapon states (NWS) has yet signed the protocols, largely due to U.S. and French objections"
+0,"Uranium is used to generate about 10% of our electricity worldwide, yet this fact pales into insignificance when we consider the role uranium has played in the evolution of the Earth.
+The Earth's uranium had been thought to be produced in one or more supernovae over 6 billion years ago. More recent research suggests some uranium is formed in the merger of neutron stars.
+Uranium later became enriched in the continental crust.
+Radioactive decay contributes about half of the Earth’s heat flux.
+
+Geologists and "
+0,"After more than three years without formal, high-level strategic dialogues, Washington and Beijing are beginning to talk again. Senior U.S. and Chinese foreign policy officials met in Alaska in March 2021, climate policy representatives met in Shanghai in April, trade and economic policy representatives have spoken by phone on multiple occasions throughout the summer, and deputy-level diplomats concluded their first meeting in the Chinese city of Tianjin last month. The White House has stressed that it is n"
+0,"Mesdames et messieurs les membres du Parlement européen,
+
+Je tiens à remercier la Présidente Nathalie Loiseau et les Présidents David McAllister et Cristian-Silviu Buşoi de m’avoir invité à cet échange de vues.
+
+Aujourd’hui, nous assistons à deux premières. On m’a dit que c’était la première fois que ces trois commissions du Parlement européen se réunissaient et je pense que c’est la première fois qu’un Directeur général de l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique prend la parole dans cette institution"
+0,"Perspective
+
+The author offers a firsthand account of the challenges faced by Venezuelan journalists, begun under Chávez.
+
+“Of course! I am Bertha Mason here.” That assertion and the inevitable question “Who is Bertha Mason?” both came to my mind as soon as I woke up on a chilly quarantine morning in Aarhus, Denmark.
+
+The sudden certainty of being Bertha Mason hit me while bobbing around in the sea of sleepiness seconds before drifting off. A slow, slippery wave, as if made from an egg white, brought me the"
+0,"The Kaesong Industrial Complex, Kumgang tourism and infrastructure improvements all face unique sanctions challenges
+
+| Gabriela Bernal
+
+Ever since South Korean President Moon Jae-in began his rapprochement with North Korea in 2018, a multitude of inter-Korean economic projects has been put on the table. But three years and a pandemic later, most of these projects remain dormant, stuck between Pyongyang’s unwillingness to cooperate and Washington’s resistance to lift sanctions.
+
+Despite the lack of momentum"
+0,"The Orano Group is joining forces with recognized partners in the field – Paprec, MTB Manufacturing, Saft and CEA – to test an innovative process for recycling the metals contained in electric vehicle batteries.
+
+Known as RECYVABAT (Recycling and Recovery of Batteries), the project is aligned with the concept of the circular economy, giving a second life to recoverable battery materials. The challenge is a significant one: by 2030, the number of electric vehicles on the road worldwide is expected to increas"
+0,"Six highly skilled and ambitious engineers. Six weeks of intense focus. One stunning 3D-printed, all-electric vehicle. These are the results of an Energy Department-supported project that could help shape the future of American manufacturing.
+
+A build team of experts from the private and public sectors printed and finished an electric vehicle version of the 50th-anniversary Shelby Cobra, from concept to drivable car, in just six weeks. As you can see in the photo gallery above, the all-electric car looks co"
+0,"From 1986 to 1990, the U-S. Commerce Department approved over $300 million worth of sensitive American exports to Iran and Syria. Most of these were “dual-use” items, capable of making nuclear weapons or long-range missiles if diverted from their claimed civilian purposes. The record of these exports, compiled from Commerce Department data, has just become available. Three hundred seventy two exports worth over $282 million were approved to Iran, and 129 exports worth over $23 million were approved to Syria"
+0,"Since the United Nations (UN) Commission of Inquiry report in 2014, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has selectively engaged with various elements of the UN human rights system in an effort to ward off further criticism. Pyongyang has shown a willingness to participate in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process, engage in sporadic discussions on technical cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, and cooperate with the work of various human rights treaty moni"
+0,"The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) have renewed their commitment to continue working together in the development of international standards that ensure nuclear technology is used in a safe and secure manner.
+
+This highlights four decades of cooperation, with 2021 marking the 40th anniversary of the signature in 1981 of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the IAEA and ISO setting out guidelines for their cooperation and regular"
+0,"Summary
+
+Despite the heavy-handed approach to security that has been adopted at Tunisia’s land borders, informal cross-border trade continues to thrive. Land corridors have been shut down, but the continued dynamic activity in maritime corridors has compensated for this loss, allowing Turkish and Asian consumer goods adapted to the declining purchasing power of the Tunisian population to penetrate local markets. The dynamism of Tunisia’s maritime corridors owes much to the emergence of small entrepreneurs a"
+0,"According to North Korean defector Kim Myŏng Ch'ŏl, the Man'gyŏngdae Jewel Processing Factory was located above ground in Changhun 2 Dong, Man'gyŏngdae-kuyŏk, Pyongyang until the time of his defection in 1993. However, Kim says there were plans to move all facilities to an underground location by 1999. All items produced at this factory are shipped as components to other weapons plants, including missile factories. As of January 1993, the factory was divided into eight work sections or workshops (職場):
+
+Work"
+0,"This interview with CISAC Affiliate Christopher Painter was originally produced by Jen Kirby. The complete article is available at Vox.
+
+The frequency, scope and scale of ransomware attacks against public and private systems is accelerating. In the latest incident, the ransomware group REvil has demanded $70 million to unlock the systems of the software company Kaseya, an attack that affects not only Kaseya, but simultaneously exploits all of the company’s clients.
+
+The REvil, JBS meatpacking and Colonial P"
+0,"Our reactor database uses data from the IAEA Power Reactor Information System, augmented with additional data from World Nuclear Association.
+
+The reactor database has four different types of pages.
+
+Global dashboard
+
+The global dashboard presents overall information on nuclear reactors worldwide, as well as providing navigation to the sections of the database. At the top of the page are links to the Reactor Search and to the country dashboard pages.
+
+To search the database, as seen in the previous version "
+0,"Coal is used extensively as a fuel in most parts of the world.
+Burning coal produces about 15 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year.
+Attempting to use coal without adding to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is a major technological challenge.
+The greatest challenge is bringing the cost of this down sufficiently for 'clean coal' to compete with nuclear power on the basis of near-zero emissions for base-load power.
+There is typically at least a 20% energy penalty involved in 'clean coal' processes.
+Worl"
+0,"US-based Deep Isolation and Dominion Engineering have signed an agreement to cooperate in the sales, development, and deployment of Deep Isolation’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste disposal technology, with an initial focus on Latin America and an option to expand to other markets."
+0,"Key highlights
+
+Approximately half of the profiles pushing the case for herd immunity are artificial accounts. These bot or bot-like accounts are generally characterized as engaging in abnormally high levels of retweets and low content diversity.
+The high level of bot-like behavior attributed to support for the Great Barrington Declaration on social media indicates the conversation is manipulated and inorganic in comparison to the scientific consensus-based conversation opposing herd immunity theories. A co"
+0,"The coronavirus pandemic has pushed tens of millions into food insecurity, causing the most severe global food security crisis in at least a decade and capturing headlines in the United States and around the world. Where populations were food insecure pre-Covid-19, hunger is deeper entrenched. Take the Central Sahel, for example: across Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, over 2.4 million people suffered food insecurity in September 2019. This figure had increased by five million—over a threefold increase—to 7.4"
+0,"Cryptocurrency theft has become a lifeline for Pyongyang's broken economy that could quickly derail future negotiations
+
+Nils Weisensee
+
+While reconnected hotlines, missed calls and military drills are dominating inter-Korean diplomacy, it’s easy to miss a major but rarely discussed roadblock to any future negotiations with North Korea: hacking.
+
+Within only a few years, cyber theft has become a crucial pillar of the DPRK’s malfunctioning economy. North Korean hackers have likely stolen billions of dollars "
+0,"Please join the Center for Strategic and International Studies for a Smart Women, Smart Power conversation with Her Excellency Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE Minister of State for Advanced Technology and Chairwoman of the UAE Space Agency. She will discuss her historic work leading the Hope spacecraft mission to orbit Mars, which took place during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as international space cooperation, and her role as a leader for women working in science. This program is being held in conju"
+0,Bloc calling for Minsk to address all peer review recommendations
+0,"The latest report by the UN Panel of Experts on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) published on 9 March 2019 documents the various ways in which North Korea has continued, over the past year, to evade and violate international sanctions under which it is prohibited from dealing with other States due to concerns about its nuclear weapons and missile technology programmes. Among its findings, the Panel recounted “a massive increase in ship-to-ship transfers” that it says has rendered the latest "
+0,"38 North is pleased to launch a new collection of short essays that will examine the historical context of key episodes, forces and choices in North Korean history. These essays, written by leading experts in modern Korean history and curated by USKI Research Director Dr. James Person, are meant to extract lessons from the past to increase our understanding of the DPRK today.
+
+The first in this series covers North Korea’s capture of the USS Pueblo, and how domestic factors fed into the North’s calculations "
+0,"The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 has been transformative for U.S. innovation. Universities and research institutes are essential to America’s innovation ecosystems, creating opportunities for high value jobs and economic growth as emerging technologies are brought to market. During 2020, the U.S. innovation community celebrated the Bayh-Dole Act’s 40th Anniversary, and the many products and services upon which we rely every day that have resulted from intellectual property that came out of basic research supported"
+1,"In October 1998, during a testimony by the South Korean Ministry of Unification, National Assemblyman Kim Deok-ryong of the Grand National Party claimed that North Korea was building an underground nuclear facility in Taecheon-gun, North Pyeongan Province. At the time, however, the South Korean government stated the exact function of the facility had not yet been confirmed, despite extensive efforts by the United States and South Korea. According to Assemblyman Kim, the facility's entrance is located betwee"
+0,"As part of its ongoing asset rationalization strategy, Energy Fuels has sold several non-core uranium projects in the USA to Encore Energy Corporation. Energy Fuels plans to concentrate on its higher-grade, lower-cost projects.
+
+Energy Fuels announced today that it has entered into a definitive agreement to sell the non-core assets to Vancouver, Canada-based Encore - not to be confused with the US oil and gas company of the same name - for $329,960 in cash and 14.25 million common shares of enCore. At the c"
+0,"The event will be webcast live from this page.
+
+Please join the CSIS Global Health Policy Center on Wednesday, September 15 from 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. EDT, for an exciting virtual event featuring Leonard Rubenstein, Professor and Director of the Program on Human Rights and Health in Conflict at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and author of the newly released, Perilous Medicine: The Struggle to Protect Health Care from the Violence of War. Moderated by J. Stephen Morrison, Senior Vice"
+0,"Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction has been contracted by China Techenergy Company (CTEC) to supply an Industrial Anti-seismic Protection System (IAPS) for units 7 and 8 of the Tianwan nuclear power plant in Jiangsu province. Earlier this year, CTEC - a subsidiary of China General Nuclear - awarded the South Korean company a contract for the IAPS systems for units 3 and 4 at the Xudabao plant in Liaoning province.
+
+Instrumentation and controls (I&C) is the core system serving as the ""brain and neural ne"
+0,"Defense Acquisition Trends 2020
+
+The Issue
+
+This paper analyzes the trends in what DoD is buying using data from the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS). It examines the trends in where defense contract spending is heading and whether those trends align with the priorities outlined in the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS). Specifically, this brief examines the key trends in defense spending on products, services, and research and development (R&D), and by platform portfolio.
+
+Previous CSIS analysis of"
+0,"()
+
+Radiation is a well-understood process, with natural sources accounting for most of the radiation we all receive each year.
+Contrary to public perception, nuclear power accidents have caused very few fatalities and the use of nuclear energy does not expose members of the public to significant radiation levels.
+The socio-economic and psychological impacts of radiation fears in the aftermath of nuclear accidents have caused considerable.
+Current radiation protection standards assume that any dose of radia"
+0,"The International Atomic Energy Agency’s “historic response” to Covid-19 in 2020 saw it support 285 national laboratories in 127 countries and territories, and process 1,950 orders for RT-PCR equipment and kits, director-general Rafael Grossi said in opening remarks to the board of governors on Monday.
+
+Member states provided extrabudgetary assistance to the value of €26.3m.
+
+Mr Grossi said as of 2 June, 128 countries have received IAEA shipments and 274 RT-PCR units had reached the countries of their desti"
+0,"Innovations in Nuclear Disarmament Verification: A Virtual Symposium of the IPNDV
+
+For more than six years, the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV) has brought together technical and policy experts from more than 25 countries with and without nuclear weapons to address the complex challenges of nuclear disarmament verification. Partnership meetings, activities, and exercises have been designed to better understand concepts and approaches for verifying and monitoring nuclea"
+0,"Nuclear energy’s high reliability factors and long plant life mean it works out as “comparatively affordable” especially when factoring in storage costs required for renewables, a report by the UK bank Barclays says."
+0,"Last week, Politico featured an interesting article about EU trade negotiations by Barbara Moens, titled, “ Europe’s Glory Days of Trade Deals Are Over.” The piece began on a gloomy note:
+
+That [negotiating trade deals] seems a distant memory now for the world’s biggest trade bloc. Concerns about human rights in China and fears about deforestation in Latin America mean that the EU’s free trade agenda is running out of steam.
+
+Doing trade deals is no longer just about keeping German carmakers and French farm"
+0,"Uranium enrichment services provider Urenco has approved the progression of the Urenco Metals Recycling (UMR) facility project based at its Urenco Nuclear Stewardship subsidiary in Capenhurst, UK. The project will now move into the design phase. The facility, planned to begin operation in 2024, will provide a wide range of metallic treatment services for recycling and disposal.
+
+The Capenhurst site near Chester, England (Image: Urenco)
+
+The UMR facility will provide services including size reduction, surfac"
+0,"An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) team of experts said the operator had strengthened operational safety at Unit 3 of Slovakia’s Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) ahead of commercial operation. They said the plant management had made significant progress in addressing the findings of a previous IAEA review in 2019. At the same time, the team encouraged the operator to improve the plant’s safety performance further.
+
+The five day Pre-Operational Safety Review Team (OSART) follow-up mission, which "
+0,"In 1985, there was growing awareness of the environmental health risks posed by particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions from diesel engines.
+
+In response, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released new diesel emission standards.
+
+This was a step forward for the environment—but an enormous challenge for companies like Cummins, a leading manufacturer of diesel engines. At Cummins’ corporate headquarters in Columbus, Indiana, a team of engineers was tasked with developing a diesel e"
+0,"Funder
+US State Department BAA Key Verification Assets Fund Program
+
+Project key dates
+
+Nov 2012: consultation meeting with customer, Washington DC;
+Dec 2012 – Feb. 2013: Development of technical questionnaire and interviews with inspection experts;
+Jan-Apr 2013: Visits to robotics centres of excellence;
+Sep 2013: End of year report to customer. Submission of request for continuation funds, for six months beginning 1 October 2013.
+Aug 2014: Project archived.
+
+Background and project description
+Whoever is in"
+0,"The Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs Office (WIP) is part of the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) and supports supports a national energy strategy to create greater energy affordability, security, and resiliency.
+
+WIP's mission is to enable strategic investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies with innovative practices across the United States by a wide range of stakeholders, in partnership with state and local organizations and community-based "
+0,"Director of National Intelligence Daniel R. Coats last month issued a newly revised directive that details intelligence community procedures for dealing with leaks of classified information. See Unauthorized Disclosures of Classified National Security Information, Intelligence Community Directive 701, December 22, 2017.
+
+The directive formalizes several notable developments in intelligence policy regarding leaks:
+
+* It presents an expansive definition of an unauthorized disclosure that includes not simply d"
+0,"New first secretary position is likely preparation for death or long-term incapacitation of Kim Jong Un
+
+Andrei Lankov"
+0,"The U.S. has a poor history of making effective efforts to learn the lessons of its recent wars, and it is already focusing on other strategic issues and the crises that are following the collapse of Afghanistan. It will be all too easy for U.S. policymakers and Congress to ignore the need to learn from the preceding twenty years of conflict and to fail to preserve the data and institutions necessary to learn as much from the war and the collapse of the Afghan government and forces as possible.
+
+The examina"
+1,"Recent commercial satellite imagery of the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center indicates that construction has been ongoing at a site just south of the Experimental Light Water Reactor (ELWR) since April and has recently picked up pace. Although the exact purpose of the future building is still unclear, it may be intended to play a supportive role in future ELWR operations. The new building is currently located outside the reactor area perimeter security wall, but that can easily be expanded.
+
+Water"
+0,"The deteriorating US-China relationship is hindering prospects for meaningful cooperation on persistent security challenges, including the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear issue. The threat perception gap, different long-term objectives and increasing mutual suspicion between the two major powers continue to widen despite mutual interest in ensuring peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. Both countries view the other as an obstacle to progress—China is seen as prioritizing DPRK reg"
+0,"Similarly, Crenshaw said, it is important to explain to students the conditions that lead to such extremist views. But, she added, explaining motives should not be mistaken as justifying them. “We are not trying to excuse it; we are trying to understand why something happened,” she said.
+
+With her students, Crenshaw has also looked at how terrorism has been used across history. In the aftermath of 9/11, terrorism almost exclusively became associated with a particular ideology and religion. But there are oth"
+1,"Commercial satellite imagery from October 17 of the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center indicates that North Korea has begun repairing damage caused by the late-summer floods to the reservoir overflow dam, which is used to maintain a constant source of water for the cooling systems of both the 5 MWe Reactor and the Experimental Light Water Reactor (ELWR). Some activity also continues around the cooling units of the Uranium Enrichment Plant (UEP), although the exact nature of it remains unknown.
+
+Bet"
+0,"The long-term management of past severe accidents at nuclear power plants, including Fukushima-Daiichi in Japan, has shown that the existing knowledge base and calculation tools for reactor and spent fuel pool incidents are not sufficiently developed and validated to provide some critical information, a report by the Nuclear Energy Agency says."
+0,Scientists at the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) have successfully tested a world-first concept that could clear one of the major hurdles in developing fusion.
+0,"So far, most of the debate over the JCPOA agreement has been a repetition of the original debates that took place before the agreement was reached in 2015 and while the current agreement was first being negotiated. The public side of this debate focused almost exclusively on preventing Iran from getting enough fissile uranium and plutonium for a nuclear weapon, and it made no effort to describe what kind of nuclear weapon or nuclear force posture would be involved, what delivery systems would be involved, o"
+0,"VICE PRESIDENT, Global Biological Policy and Programs (NTI | bio)
+
+An exciting leadership role is opening at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) – we are seeking a Vice President to lead our Global Biological Policy and Programs (NTI | bio).
+
+NTI is a non-profit whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.
+
+The NTI | bio team’s mission is to reduce biological risk and enhance global biosecurity. We are working toward this "
+0,"VERTIC’s National Implementation Measures (NIM) team has concluded its work on the European Union Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence (EU CBRN CoE) Project 67.
+
+VERTIC’s National Implementation Measures (NIM) team has concluded its work on the European Union Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence (EU CBRN CoE) Project 67.
+
+Since the start of the project in July 2018, VERTIC has worked with national experts in the project’s partner countries to c"
+0,"""He would not do this sort of thing unless there is a specific request from somebody"""
+0,"Massive structure was built to seal off destroyed reactor number four
+
+Chernobyl NPP has been issued with a licence to operate the €1.5bn structure known as the New Safe Confinement (NSC) that was built to encase Unit 4 and the temporary “sarcophagus” built to secure the destroyed reactor.
+
+The State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine (SNRIU) said a ceremony to mark the award of the licence was scheduled to be held at 11:00 local time on 20 August.
+
+“This licence will provide regulatory control over"
+0,"Nuclear power is cost competitive with other forms of electricity generation, except where there is direct access to low-cost fossil fuels.
+Fuel costs for nuclear plants are a minor proportion of total generating costs, though capital costs are greater than those for coal-fired plants and much greater than those for gas-fired plants.
+System costs for nuclear power (as well as coal and gas-fired generation) are very much lower than for intermittent renewables.
+Providing incentives for long-term, high-capital"
+0,"A 38 North Interview of Dr. Yu Byounggyu with Mike Chinoy
+
+“[B]oth South and North Korea recognize that the Kaesong Industrial Complex is conducive to economic growth on both sides, and that the complex has great symbolic meaning in maintaining peace on the Korean peninsula. Also, citizens do not want the project to end.” ~ Yu Byounggyu
+
+In this 38 North video, Mike Chinoy, Senior Fellow at the US-China Institute at USC sat down with Dr. Yu Byounggyu, Executive Director, Economic Research Department of the "
+0,"How to increase transparency under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
+
+Introduction
+
+The day is fast approaching when the new American administration, led by President Donald J. Trump, will conduct an unfriendly review of the nuclear pact with Iran reached in 2015. No one knows what this review will produce. If the President decides to “enforce the terms of the […] deal to hold Iran totally accountable,” as he promised during his campaign, a first step should be to make Iran’s nuclear status more transp"
+0,"On June 17, the CSIS Commission on Strengthening America’s Health Security convened its members and expert advisors to weigh a commission white paper that both provides an update on the global pandemic and details several concrete recommendations to strengthen U.S. international leadership. Today, we are pleased to publish the white paper entitled “ Time to Escalate U.S. Leadership on Covid-19 and Beyond.” It captures the majority consensus of the commissioners’ sentiments, integrating the commission’s exte"
+0,"On October 21, 1994, the United States and North Korea signed an agreement–the Agreed Framework–calling upon Pyongyang to denuclearize in exchange for two light water reactors. An international consortium called the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) was formed to implement the agreement.
+
+The Agreed Framework ended an 18-month crisis during which North Korea announced its intention to withdraw from the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), under which North Korea committed not to deve"
+0,"On April 15 VERTIC and the NPS Global Foundation hosted the third online workshop of a series of four within the Project Building Capacity on Multilateral Verification of Nuclear Disarmament.
+
+Such a project focuses on harnessing, developing, supporting and sustaining expertise and capacity on nuclear disarmament verification (NDV) in regions around the world. The third online meeting featured inter alia a presentation on the UKNI and QUAD nuclear disarmament verification partnership delivered by personnel "
+0,"The pro-North Korean paper Choson Sinbo on July 8 reported that North Korea addressed a “food crisis” and the need for stable food supply during the Third Plenary Meeting of the Eighth Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) held from June 15 to 18. This seems consistent with reports of food price fluctuations in North Korea and efforts to control those prices, and indicates that Pyongyang views its food problem as serious enough to deal with as a “food crisis.” [1]
+
+While explaining the significance of the party’s r"
+0,"NuScale Power and Ukraine's state-owned nuclear power plant operator, Energoatom, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to explore the deployment of NuScale Power plants in Ukraine.
+
+Under the MOU, NuScale will support Energoatom’s examination of NuScale’s small modular reactor (SMR) technology, including a feasibility study for proposed project sites, the development of a project timeline and deliverables, cost studies, technical reviews, licensing and permitting activities, and project specific "
+0,"Focal points and gender champions of the Gender Champions in Nuclear Policy (GCNP) network are invited to a workshop organized by the Stanley Center for Peace and Security, the Nuclear Threat Initiative, and Ploughshares Fund. Focal points and gender champions play a key role in implementing each organization’s commitments and contributing to the GCNP network. With GCNP now in its second year, we have the opportunity to enhance the level of collaboration within the network and help organizations meet and bu"
+0,"Finland has four nuclear reactors providing about 30% of its electricity.
+A fifth reactor is under construction and another is planned, to take the nuclear contribution to about 60% and replace coal.
+Provisions for radioactive waste disposal are well advanced.
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 70.3 TWh
+
+Generation mix: nuclear 22.8 TWh (32%); biofuels & waste 13.4 TWh (19%); hydro 13.3 TWh (19%); coal 10.1 TWh (14%); wind 5.8 TWh (8%); natural gas 4.2 TWh (6%); oil 0.2 TWh; solar 0.1 TWh.
+
+Import/export balance:"
+0,"The world will be “increasingly out of balance and contested at every level” over the next twenty years due to the pressures of demographic, environmental, economic and technological change, a new forecast from the National Intelligence Council called Global Trends 2040 said last week.
+
+But among the mostly grim possible futures that can be plausibly anticipated — international chaos, political paralysis, resource depletion, mounting poverty — one optimistic scenario stands out: “In 2040, the world is in th"
+0,"Fully electric road vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to be charged from mains power, are starting to increase the base-load power demand from grid systems.
+Development of these depends on battery technology.
+The best-known hybrid cars today are simply a step on the way to plug-in versions which will get most of their power from the grid.
+By the end of 2020 there were some ten million electric cars on the road.
+Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have been developed.
+
+In 2017-2018, 3.2 "
+0,Recurring connectivity issues end in broad disruption across North Korean internet servers
+0,"FEATURED
+
+By Other Means Part II: Adapting to Compete in the Gray Zone
+
+By , Kathleen H. Hicks, Lindsey R. Sheppard, Michael Matlaga, Joseph Federici
+
+The United States is being confronted with the liabilities of its strengths. Given the significant costs of engaging the United States in combat, and the growing range of indirect and non-military tools at their disposal, rivals are seeking ways to achieve relative gains without triggering escalation. From fake news and online troll farms to terrorist financi"
+1,"24 reactors provide about one-third of South Korea's electricity from 23 GWe of plant.
+South Korea is among the world's most prominent nuclear energy countries, and exports its technology widely. It is currently involved in the building of the UAE's first nuclear power plant, under a $20 billion contract.
+Nuclear energy has been a strategic priority for South Korea, but the new president elected in 2017 is aiming to phase it out over some 45 years.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 590 TWh
+
+G"
+0,"Political wrangling over the classification of nuclear energy in taxonomies contradicts the low-carbon ambition of the Paris Agreement, Philippe Knoche, CEO of Orano, said last week during World Nuclear Association's Strategic eForum on Sustainable Finance. Knoche was joined on the panel by representatives of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Rothschild & Co, Brazil's National Bank for Economic and Social Development, Banque de France and the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS), who all sa"
+1,"Recent commercial satellite imagery of the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center indicates that the discharge of water from the 5 MWe Reactor into the outflow channel leading to the Kuryong River can still be observed, although intermittently. Imagery shows water being discharged from August 25 to at least September 9; no water was observed on October 1, but it was detected again the next day. While no other indicators of reactor operations, such as steam emissions from the generator building or CO2 c"
+0,"The level 7 event a decade ago has led to safety and security upgrades in the nuclear industry, but what caused it and how did the crisis unfold?"
+0,"A China-based import and export company; a subsidiary of Chunghsin International Trading Group Co., Ltd.
+
+Managed by Jack Qin; was used by Qin to facilitate shipments of dual-use goods to Abdollah Asgharzadeh in Iran; some items were ultimately destined for U.N.-sanctioned Shahid Hemat Industrial Group (SHIG).
+
+Added on February 3, 2017 to the Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list maintained by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), freezing its assets under U.S. "
+0,"“Like it or not, our great country is an integral part of the spinning globe we call the world; many Americans wish it were otherwise. The comfortable isolation we enjoyed prior to and following World War I is but a happy memory. The Atlantic to the east, the Pacific to the west, and friendly nations to the north and the south no longer assure security. Our once comfortable resource self-sufficiency has eroded. Our economy relies heavily on imported raw materials including petroleum and on manufactured prod"
+0,"Scientists call for ‘rapid and drastic reductions’ in greenhouse gases this decade
+
+Many of the changes being seen in the climate are unprecedented in thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of years, with the United Nations warning that findings in its latest report on climate change are “a code red for humanity”."
+0,"Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) has received orders from Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) for the turbine islands for six nuclear power units - four at Gorakhpur and two at Kaiga. BHEL said the INR108 billion (USD1.5 billion) order for turbine island EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) is its ""largest ever"".
+
+The orders were awarded on 30 August and ""envisage setting up of 4 units of 700 MWe at Gorakhpur, Haryana and 2 units of 700 MWe at Kaiga, Karnataka"", BHEL said in a stock"
+0,"The U.S. Ratification of the Statute by President Eisenhower, 29 July 1957, marks the official birth of the International Atomic Energy Agency. In the press conference following the signing ceremony in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, D.C., President Eisenhower evoked his address to the UN General Assembly in December 1953, at which he had proposed to establish the IAEA.
+
+“In fact, we did no more than crystallize a hope that was developing in many minds in many places … the splitting of the"
+0,"The Volgodonsk branch of AEM Technology has completed the first stage of installation of the control assembly of the MBIR multipurpose sodium-cooled fast neutron research reactor. MBIR is under construction at the site of the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (NIIAR) at Dmitrovgrad, which is in Russia's Ulyanovsk region.
+
+MBIR fast reactor under construction in Russia (Image: Rosatom)
+
+Vyacheslav Pershukov, Rosatom's special representative for international and scientific projects, witnessed the milesto"
+0,"Challenge
+
+Ingredients for a radiological “dirty bomb” – among them, the same isotopes that make lifesaving blood transfusions and cancer treatments possible – are located at thousands of sites in more than 150 countries. Many are poorly secured and vulnerable to theft.
+
+Action
+
+NTI works with hospitals, industry and governments to raise awareness about this threat and the availability of safe and effective alternative technologies to replace the isotope of greatest concern, cesium-137, in blood irradiators"
+0,"Summary
+
+Almost none of the world’s largest polluters have enacted policies compatible with the Paris Agreement’s target of limiting global warming to within 2 degrees Celsius, a threshold past which climate disruption is projected to become even more frequent, severe, and unpredictable.
+
+Fortunately, despite the absence of adequate government support, renewable energy has grown at an astonishing pace in recent years thanks to its plummeting cost. India, for example, has more than doubled its stock of wind "
+0,"A government decision on Sweden's final waste repository will be delayed by the launch of a public consultation on whether the application for the repository should be considered separately from that for an expansion of the existing Clab interim repository for used fuel, Finnish nuclear operator Fortum has said. A government decision, it warned, is needed before the end of this month in order to avoid future disruptions to electricity supply due to a lack of interim used fuel storage capacity.
+
+Announcing i"
+0,"Satellite imagery shows construction at airfield near the Chinese border — possibly to tackle extreme drop in imports
+
+Colin Zwirko
+
+North Korea recently transformed an airport near the Chinese border into an apparent disinfection center for goods — possibly to restart high volumes of trade after a significant dropoff in the COVID-19 era, according to NK Pro analysis of Planet Labs satellite imagery. There’s also evidence of other disinfection facilities undergoing construction at key ports and border cross"
+0,"The New York Times
+Week in Review
+September 15, 2002
+
+When it was revealed last week that Iraq had tried to purchase “aluminum tubes,” it seemed to many experts – and certainly to the Bush administration – that Saddam Hussein was continuing attempts to build a nuclear weapon. The inference was partly based on the shape and composition of the tubes, which were much like those used in equipment to enrich uranium
+
+But keeping tack of all the equipment and know-how that go into making a nuclear bomb is rarely a"
+0,"Framatome it has completed its acquisition of VirtualPiE Limited (traded as BHR Group), a leader in fluid engineering-based products and services for the chemical and nuclear energy industries.
+
+With this transaction, BHR Group becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Framatome SAS and Framatome continues to expand its presence in the UK and its comprehensive portfolio of solutions.
+
+“It is a pleasure to welcome the employees of BHR Group to Framatome,” said Bernard Fontana, CEO of Framatome. “Their expertise a"
+0,"38 North announces the release of a new 3D panorama of facilities at the Sohae Satellite Launching Station (also referred to as Tongchang-ri). Based on satellite imagery of the site and photos of the facility, this panorama presents a reconstruction of the interior of Sohae Launch Control Center main room.
+
+The Launch Control Center panorama is part of an ongoing project by Nathan J. Hunt, and is exclusive to 38 North. Panorama © 2016 Nathan J. Hunt/38 North."
+0,"Westinghouse Electric Company has entered into a cooperation agreement with the US Department of Justice in connection with its role in the failed effort to build two AP1000 reactors at the Summer nuclear station in Jenkinsville, South Carolina"
+0,"Presentation by Ray Acheson, Reaching Critical Will, Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, to the 62nd annual DPI/NGO Conference Afternoon Workshop: International Decade for Disarmament: How NGOs Can Advocate Human Security and Nuclear Disarmament
+
+This presentation will focus on one small element of what NGO representatives can do to prepare for the decade on disarmament: specifically, creating a new discourse for disarmament and human security.
+
+The relationship between nuclear weapons and h"
+0,"Venture, backed by Italian physicist and entrepreneur, raises $119m in capital
+
+An Italian physicist and entrepreneur has raised $119 million to develop a new type of nuclear power technology that he claims will be safer, cleaner and cheaper than existing reactors."
+0,"A positive and constructive meeting took place this weekend in Tehran with the aim to strengthen the IAEA’s indispensable nuclear verification work in Iran, Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi told the IAEA Board of Governors this morning. Opening the regular, quarterly session of the 35-member Board, Mr Grossi outlined the recent safeguards developments in Iran and in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and spoke about numerous IAEA peaceful nuclear applications and programmes.
+
+Mr Grossi u"
+0,"Climate change is intensifying and ravaging our communities and our planet. Now, more than ever, it’s time for a bold investment in America to put millions of people to work, lay the foundation for economic growth, heal our planet for future generations.
+
+That’s what President Biden’s American Jobs Plan is all about — building an economy that works for working families and confronting the climate crisis at the same time.
+
+It will make major investments in our planet and our people — starting with the trilli"
+0,")
+
+Weapons-grade uranium and plutonium surplus to military requirements in the USA and Russia is being made available for use as civil fuel.
+Weapons-grade uranium is highly enriched, to over 90% U-235 (the fissile isotope). Weapons-grade plutonium has over 93% Pu-239 and can be used, like reactor-grade plutonium, in fuel for electricity production.
+Highly-enriched uranium from weapons stockpiles has been displacing some 8850 tonnes of U 3 O 8 production from mines each year, and met about 13% to 19% of worl"
+0,"By Hans M. Kristensen
+
+The National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) at Wright-Patterson AFB has updated and published its periodic Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat report. The new report updates the previous version from 2013.
+
+At a time when public government intelligence resources are being curtailed, the NASIC report provides a rare and invaluable official resource for monitoring and analyzing the status of ballistic and cruise missiles around the world.
+
+Having said that, the report obvious"
+0,"Resetting U.S. Policy
+
+After decades of on-and-off negotiations and failed peace initiatives, it is time for a shift in U.S. policy toward Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Jettisoning former president Donald Trump’s Peace to Prosperity plan is a vital step, but it will not be enough to move beyond the status quo. Instead of reviving a moribund peace process or simply abandoning U.S. engagement, President Joe Biden’s administration should place a rights-based approach at the center of its strategy.
+
+The appr"
+0,"UNESCO’s 44th session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC) came together for its annual meeting in the last two weeks of July. Having been canceled last year because of Covid-19, the conference was extended from the usual 10 to 14 days. The ongoing pandemic, however, required that only a small representation be present in the host country, China; all other participants, including the voting members of the committee, joined via webcast. The result was a hybrid event which took place during the four European"
+0,"Norway’s Minister of Trade and Industry Iselin Nybø and US Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm have signed a letter of intent to develop a method that will ensure that Norwegian highly enriched uranium (HEU) can no longer be used for nuclear weapons, and which makes it suitable for storage and disposal.
+
+The Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) and Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND) are involved in the project on the Norwegian side.
+
+“This is an important agreement for Norway. Highly enriched uraniu"
+0,"Demolition of the most visible remaining structures at Oak Ridge's East Tennessee Technology Park - the Centrifuge Complex - has started as employees aim to finish major cleanup work at the site by the end of 2020.
+
+The complex spans more than 235,000 square feet (over 21,800 square metres) and is up to 180 feet (55 metres) high. It was built in stages to develop and test centrifuge uranium enrichment technology. The last of these facilities ceased operation in the mid-1980s, the US Department of Energy Off"
+0,"Vietnam has considered establishing nuclear power generation since 1995, and firm proposals surfaced in 2006.
+Russia had agreed to finance and build 2400 MWe of nuclear capacity from 2020.
+Japan had agreed similarly for another 2200 MWe.
+In November 2016 plans were deferred in favour of gas and coal, but were revived in 2020.
+Electricity use is expected to triple from 2015 to 2030.
+
+Vietnam is the most significant of the three lower Mekong countries, with a population of 95 million. It produced 199 TWh gros"
+0,"In June 2018, the United States Congress adopted legislation extending (“reauthorizing”) the North Korea Human Rights Act. Among its provisions, the legislation continued the requirement for the president to appoint, with Senate confirmation, a special envoy for North Korean human rights with rank of ambassador within the Department of State. The legislation was approved by unanimous consent in the Senate, and the only recorded vote on the reauthorization legislation taken in the House of Representatives ap"
+0,"The Stanley Center convenes its Strategy for Peace Conference annually to consider key policy challenges, drawing on the experience and knowledge of invited experts from the public and private sectors who meet in concurrent roundtables. Held at the Airlie Center outside Washington, DC, this is the 60th consecutive year of the conference. Roundtables are focused on each of the center’s three current areas of programming—avoiding the use of nuclear weapons, mitigating climate change, and preventing mass viole"
+0,"Lee In-young lays out plans for regional economic cooperation at Russian forum
+
+South Korea’s unification minister Lee In-young said he hopes inter-Korean tourism will expand to Russia and other areas once the two Koreas’ relations improve, speaking to a Russian economic forum this week."
+0,"The provision of reliable electricity brings huge benefits to society, but its production, like any other industrial activity, is not without risk. In the history of civil nuclear energy, there have only been two major accidents where a large amount of radioactive material was emitted: at Chernobyl (1986), which has resulted in 46 deaths so far, and at Fukushima Daiichi (2011), which resulted in no casualties. Air pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels, including in power plants, causes 8.7 million d"
+0,"Description
+
+This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the structure and content of the safety analysis report to be submitted by the operating organization to the regulatory body for authorization of the siting, construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of a nuclear power plant. It is intended to facilitate both the development of the safety analysis report by the operating organization and the checking of its completeness and adequacy by the regulatory body. The publication is a revis"
+0,"Three decades after the end of the Cold War, North Korea maintains an economic, diplomatic and security footprint in Africa. North Korea’s engagement on the continent is sustained by its pressing need for hard currency, desire to escape international isolation and the inconsistent compliance of African countries with multilateral sanctions against the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). North Korea’s enduring appeal as a partner with these countries can be explained by its low-cost arms transfers,"
+0,"Drawing on a comprehensive research report published by Reaching Critical Will in April 2016 as part of a project funded by the United Nations Trust Facility Supporting Cooperation on Arms Regulation (UNSCAR), this briefing paper provides a summary of that report's key findings. It includes an overview of the relationship between the arms trade and gender-based violence and an assessment of the ways in which articles 6 and 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty relate to gender-based violence. It provides sample questi"
+0,"Download full report here.
+
+From the Foreword by Ernest J. Moniz and Sam Nunn
+
+The Korean Peninsula is one of the most volatile and heavily militarized places in the world, carrying tremendous risk of conflict and the potential
+
+for catastrophic nuclear exchange. Tensions heightened between the United States and North Korea amid alarming loose talk about nuclear
+
+weapons in late 2017 and early 2018, but the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, where North and South Korea symbolically entered the
+
+opening cerem"
+0,"France continuing work on its own SMR project
+
+Several years would need to pass before the competitveness of small modular reactors (SMRs) could be assessed against conventional large-scale reactor technology, according to Jean-Bernard Lévy, chairman of France’s EDF.
+
+Mr Lévy, who took part yesterday in a virtual discussion with the director-general of the International Energy Agency Fatih Birol, said that France is working on a basic SMR design together with “other French partners” with the aim of having a"
+0,"Nuclear reactors are, fundamentally, large kettles, which are used to heat water to produce enormous amounts of low-carbon electricity. They come in different sizes and shapes, and can be powered by a variety of different fuels.
+
+A nuclear reactor is driven by the splitting of atoms, a process called fission, where a particle (a ‘neutron’) is fired at an atom, which then fissions into two smaller atoms and some additional neutrons. Some of the neutrons that are released then hit other atoms, causing them to"
+0,"The CSIS Energy Security & Climate Change Program invites you to a high-level discussion on U.S.-Indian energy cooperation.
+
+On September 10 th, the United States and India will formally launch the Strategic Clean Energy Partnership. In support of this partnership, CSIS is organizing this side event to discuss the key elements of this new bilateral platform.
+
+The event will also be the U.S. launch of the report, Accelerating post-pandemic economic recovery with clean energy infrastructure and jobs in India."
+0,"Chief Executive Pervez Musharraf convened the National Security Council (NSC) upon seizing power in October 1999, and formally established it as a constitutional body on 21 August 2002. [3] Under Article 152A of the Pakistan Constitution, the President of Pakistan and the Prime Minister of Pakistan serve as Chairman and Vice Chair, respectively, and NSA membership also includes all major civilian and military leaders. [4] Creation of the NSC formalized the Pakistani military’s input into policymaking. [5]
+
+"
+0,"Yi Cui, director of Stanford University’s Precourt Institute for Energy, won the 2021 Global Energy Prize for new energy applications, one of three Global Energy Prizes given annually. The award cites Cui’s “exceptional contributions in nanomaterials design, synthesis and characterization for energy and the environment, particularly for transformational innovations in battery science.”
+
+Yi Cui, Stanford materials science professor and director of Stanford's
+Precourt Institute for Energy. (Credit: Feng Pan)
+"
+0,"Forræderens Guide til Nord-Korea By Morten Traavik. Aschehoug, 2018. 328 pp.
+
+Morten Traavik is a controversial multimedia artist from Norway, who has been spearheading the Norwegian and international cultural exchange with North Korea since 2008. The highlights of this exchange included bringing to Pyongyang in 2015 the first ever Western rock band to play there, an avant-garde Slovenian collective called Laibach. The details of Laibach ’s trip to North Korea were captured in a prize-winning documentary, c"
+0,"Experts divided about the assumption that Pyongyang will seek to test Washington early in Biden's presidency
+
+Image: KCNA, edited by NK News
+
+After North Korea revealed a new intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) at the Oct. 10 military parade, Pyongyang watchers have been increasingly debating whether the DPRK will soon give it a flight test. Speculation over such a launch grew after former U.S. Vice President Joe Biden won the presidency — after all, Biden is expected to approach North Korea in a way "
+0,"The existing controversy over reauthorization of the USA Patriot Act — portions of which will “sunset” if they are not renewed — acquired a new dimension with the disclosure last month of an NSA domestic surveillance operation.
+
+Some now argue that the Patriot Act should not be reauthorized before the Bush Administration’s claims of inherent presidential authority to conduct domestic intelligence surveillance outside of the framework of law (FISA) are confronted and clarified.
+
+“The extensive new powers req"
+0,"On Sunday July 25, Tunisian president Kais Saied invoked emergency powers, fired the prime minister, and suspended parliament for 30 days. Saied declared that he would govern alongside a new prime minister. In a televised address, he said the measures would remain in place “until social peace returns to Tunisia and until we save the state.” Tunisia, long hailed as the only success story of the Arab Spring uprisings, now faces its most dangerous political crisis since the revolution a decade ago.
+
+Q1: Was th"
+0,"The China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) is involved in the development of China’s nuclear energy programs, both civilian and military. Comprised of over one hundred subsidiaries and research institutions, CNNC controls most nuclear sector business, including research and development, design, uranium exploration and mining, enrichment, fuel fabrication, reprocessing, and waste disposal. [2]
+
+On 16 September 1988 China’s National People’s Congress announced that the Ministry of Nuclear Industry (MNI) (f"
+0,"Involved in procurement for Iran’s missile program; listed by the European Union on December 1, 2011 as an entity linked to Iran’s proliferation-sensitive nuclear activities or Iran’s development of nuclear weapon delivery systems; with some exceptions, European Union member states must freeze all funds and economic resources owned, held or controlled by the listed entity, and prevent funds or economic resources from being made available to it; sanctioned by the governments of Norway, Switzerland, and South"
+0,The Future of Military Engines looks at the state of the U.S. military engine industrial base and the choices confronting policymakers at the Department of Defense (DoD). The military engine industrial base is closely tied to the industrial base for commercial engines. U.S. engine providers use many of the same facilities and largely the same supply chain for military and commercial engines. The ability to leverage commercial supply chains is critical because supply chain quality underlies the performance a
+0,"This article is part of the Energy.gov series highlighting the "" Top Things You Didn't Know About..."" series. Be sure to check back for more entries soon.
+
+10. Geothermal technologies use the naturally occurring heat located in shallow ground, hot water and rock below the earth’s surface to generate electricity. Geothermal is considered a renewable source of energy because the earth’s core generates nearly unlimited heat.
+
+9. The United States generates more electricity through geothermal energy than any ot"
+0,"Despite progress in reducing nuclear weapon arsenals since the Cold War, the world’s combined inventory of nuclear warheads remains at a very high level: Nine countries possessed roughly 13,100 warheads as of early-2021.
+
+Approximately 91 percent of all nuclear warheads are owned by Russia and the United States who each have around 4,000 warheads in their military stockpiles; no other nuclear-armed state sees a need for more than a few hundred nuclear weapons for national security.
+
+Globally, the overall in"
+0,"Russia has installed the second tier of the internal steel containment shell for Unit 2 of the Akkuyu nuclear power station under construction in southwest Turkey, according to state nuclear corporation Rosatom.
+
+State nuclear corporation Rosatom said the component, with a weight of 322 tonnes and a height of 12 metres, took about 12 hours to lift into place.
+
+The internal containment will consist of three parts when completed. Workers will now begin welding the first and second tiers together.
+
+After insta"
+0,"CSIS’ Global Health Policy Center (GHPC) is the leading research institution focused on building bipartisan awareness and shaping policy debate about global health and its importance to U.S. national security.
+
+Since 2008, the GHPC has played a key role in shaping successful U.S. global health efforts. In 2020 we were ranked one of the top global health policy think tanks in the world by the Global Go To Think Tank Index.
+
+The Global Health Policy Center's goal is to generate independent, forward-thinking a"
+0,"Regulator releases initial conclusions from special inspection at AP1000 new-build project
+
+The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission said it could increase its oversight of the Vogtle nuclear project in Georgia after finding quality issues in the safety-related electrical cable raceway system at Unit 3."
+0,"By bringing the United States' pointless military campaign in Afghanistan to a close, U.S. President Joe Biden has delivered on his desire to end the ""forever wars."" But as Steven Cook pointed out in Foreign Policy last week, the phrase ""ending forever wars"" offers little guidance for how the United States should now approach key national security issues. To do that, the country needs to draw the right lessons from disappointments of the past 20-plus years and identify the principles and goals that should g"
+0,"As the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV) works to understand and solve monitoring and verification challenges across the nuclear weapons lifecycle—from material production and control, warhead assembly and deployment, to storage, dismantlement, and disposition—experts can draw on a long history of work and analysis that has been done in this area.
+
+At the inaugural meeting of the International Partnership, members of the Partnership agreed that it would be important to s"
+0,"Shortly before the end of the Trump Administration in January 2021, then-Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe issued a directive that altered the process for preparing the National Intelligence Priorities Framework, or NIPF, stripping out limitations on signals intelligence collection from the previous policy.
+
+The NIPF is perhaps the single most important administrative tool for managing the U.S. intelligence enterprise. It is used to determine priorities for intelligence collection and to allo"
+0,"Over the last year, the Stanley Center and Impact:Peace at the University of San Diego’s Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice have been investigating the intersections between urban violence and mass violence, as well as actions city-level leaders can take in preventing and building resilience to large-scale violence. In this vein, we developed a research project commissioning expert researcher Ariana Markowitz, drawing lessons from nine select cities that experienced situations of mass violence within the "
+0,"If the U.S. Congress is to produce sound policies that benefit the public good, science and technology faculty members must become active participants in the American policy-making process. One key element of that process is congressional hearings: public forums where members of Congress question witnesses, learn about pressing issues, develop policy initiatives and conduct oversight of both the executive branch and corporate practices.
+
+Faculty in science and technology should contribute to congressional h"
+0,"West Burton station needed for grid stability because of lack of wind
+
+The need to start one of the UK’s last remaining coal power station on Monday morning underscores the urgency of investing in new nuclear capacity, the London-based Nuclear Industry Association said."
+0,"A new facility opened by NuScale Power in collaboration with the University of Idaho at the Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES), in Idaho Falls, Idaho, will enable users to take on the role of control room operator to learn about the innovative features and functionality unique to NuScale’s small modular reactor (SMR) technology. Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems (UAMPS) this week said work in preparation for a licence application is progressing at the site where it plans to build a NuScale SMR "
+0,"Uranium mining in the USA today is undertaken by few companies on a relatively small scale. Uranium exploration is undertaken by many companies, often going over areas that were mined in the 1950s-80s.
+
+Uranium production is from one mill (White Mesa, Utah) fed by four or five underground mines and several in-situ leach (ISL) operations 1 is tabulated below.
+
+Year Tonnes U produced Hardrock mills ISL operations at year end
+2006 1583 White Mesa Crow Butte, Smith Ranch-Highland, Alta Mesa, Kingsville Dome, Va"
+0,"Declaring its firm intent to respect and protect each other’s “state sovereignty” and “territorial integrity,” the historical Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (July 11, 1961) between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been the foundation of the relationship between these two states. As one of the main alliances in Northeast Asia—along with the US alliances with Korea and Japan—their partnership has become a permanent fixture i"
+0,"Work has begun to demolish the last two buildings that once supported the gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment process at Oak Ridge in Tennessee. Buildings K-131 and K-631 are the most contaminated structures remaining on the 2,200-acre (890 hectare) site.
+
+The two buildings were constructed in 1945 and were part of the Poplar Creek facilities at the site, which was home to a complex of facilities dating back to the Manhattan Project. Oak Ridge also produced enriched uranium for the commercial nuclear power"
+0,"Ranguelova’s dynamism and passion for nuclear safety is well-recognized by her co-workers. “No matter the subject, Vesselina is instantly enthusiastic and energized. Her passion for nuclear safety is contagious, and that’s the trademark of her leadership,” said Greg Rzentkowski, her boss as Director of the Division of Nuclear Installation Safety.
+
+The nuclear industry is still largely dominated by men, so there are not many women in leading positions in nuclear safety. Ranguelova is a trailblazer in this re"
+0,"On April 12 2021, Marina Favaro, Névine Schepers, Emily Enright and Dr. Patricia Lewis joined Asst. Researcher Anuradha Damale for our second webinar: Staying in Nuclear Policy.
+
+Spanning policy, technology, law and other disciplines, the nuclear policy field needs people with a variety of expertise: and fast. We recognise that there are barriers to retention and progression in this field: so, we brought together a panel of experts from different parts of the community at different stages in their careers t"
+0,"Commercial satellite imagery of Nampho Naval Shipyard from July 21 indicates that the second of North Korea’s two submersible test barges has remained on the repair ways since last November. In the past few months, there has been activity around both test barges—the other at the Sinpho South Shipyard—which appears to have been for either maintenance or a possible refitting to prepare the barges for handling a new generation of submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).
+
+Test Barge Activity
+
+In early Nov"
+0,"A Report by the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control
+
+Lax enforcement of U.S. sanctions is allowing Chinese companies to continue to ship goods to the United States even after being hit with an import ban for proliferation to Iran. See Appendix listing U.S. companies that received imports from a sanctioned Chinese company since 2006. See also related story in the Wall Street Journal. (**Note: information contained in this report was presented to the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) in mid-Decemb"
+0,"Nuclear power is particularly suitable for vessels which need to be at sea for long periods without refuelling, or for powerful submarine propulsion.
+Over 160 ships are powered by more than 200 small nuclear reactors.
+Most are submarines, but they range from icebreakers to aircraft carriers.
+In future, constraints on fossil fuel use in transport may bring marine nuclear propulsion into more widespread use. So far, exaggerated fears about safety have caused political restriction on port access.
+
+Work on nucl"
+0,"""Harold is an excellent choice to serve as the interim co-director, and I look forward to working with him,” said FSI Senior Fellow Rodney Ewing, who also serves as the co-director of CISAC. “No one knows CISAC better than Harold, so we will be able to move forward without losing a beat.""
+
+Trinkunas joined CISAC in 2016 from the Brookings Institution, where he was the Charles W. Robinson Chair and senior fellow as well as director of the Latin America Initiative in the Foreign Policy program. Trinkunas is t"
+0,"February 10, 2021
+
+This Critical Questions expands on an article originally published
+
+The United States is considering becoming the first state to launch a space nuclear propulsion system under the new national strategy for space nuclear power. According to Space Policy Directive-6, signed by President Donald Trump on December 16, these systems are necessary for exploration because they will help shorten travel time, which helps protect crewed and robotic spacecraft from prolonged exposure to harsh radiati"
+0,"In this event, and Dr. Lee D. Fiebert will discuss the operational implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine program at NYC Health + Hospitals (H+H), the public safety net health care system of New York City. Partnering to lead the vaccine roll-out at NYC H+H, they successfully established a comprehensive COVID-19 vaccination program spanning across all 11 health system acute care facilities, 7 Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and 3 mass vaccination sites. They will share the approach to implementati"
+0,"Ask Live Questions Here
+
+The event will be webcast live from this page.
+
+The CSIS Project on Prosperity and Development (PPD) invites you to join a virtual public event to discuss the future of work in the Mekong Subregion.
+
+The Mekong Subregion has experienced significant economic growth over the last decades through trade liberalization, foreign investment, and membership in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). However, the Covid-19 pandemic has compounded the challenges of poor infrastruc"
+0,"With a full plate of domestic challenges, President Joe Biden isn’t giving high priority to trade negotiations. At some point, though, his administration almost certainly will consider whether to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). The CPTPP comprises 11 countries formerly associated with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), from which the United States withdrew shortly after then-president Donald Trump took office.
+
+A strong argument can be made for the U"
+0,"The United States and Russia each implemented unilateral test moratoriums nearly three decades ago. But today, there are serious questions about whether they might choose to resume nuclear testing. To better understand the dangers of a return to nuclear testing, and opportunities for transparency and confidence-building measures to prevent this, the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) has produced an interactive tour of Russia’s Central Testing Ground at Novaya Zemlya, an archipelago in t"
+0,"Preface
+
+China Local/Global
+
+China has become a global power, but there is too little debate about how this has happened and what it means. Many argue that China exports its developmental model and imposes it on other countries. But Chinese players also extend their influence by working through local actors and institutions while adapting and assimilating local and traditional forms, norms, and practices.
+
+With a generous multiyear grant from the Ford Foundation, Carnegie has launched an innovative body of "
+0,"21 years ago, the two Koreas made history — or so it seemed. What went wrong?
+
+Aidan Foster-Carter"
+0,"In February 2000 Pakistan's National Security Council (NSC) established the National Command Authority (NCA). [4] The NCA is the nation’s highest decision-making authority on nuclear and missile policy issues, and oversees all nuclear and missile programs. [5] The International Institute for Strategic Studies notes that although the makeup of the committee would appear to grant substantial civilian authority over nuclear and missile policy, “in practice, the military would probably prevail on nuclear decisi"
+0,"North Korea is undergoing something of a recycling revolution. Workplaces and homes across the country are being urged to recycle waste material and, according to state media, are responding. But this is about much more than bottles, cans and paper.
+
+The nationwide push is focused on the reuse of all waste material.
+
+Recycling isn’t new to North Korea, but a new law enacted in 2020 gave it a much higher profile and required organizations to recycle unused and waste material.
+
+These efforts are now regularly"
+0,"Overview
+
+Resources
+
+Structure
+
+The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) itself includes a Protocol in three parts: Part I detailing the International Monitoring System (IMS); Part II on On-Site Inspections (OSI); and Part III on Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs). There are also two Annexes to the Protocol: Annex 1 detailing the location of various Treaty monitoring assets associated with the IMS; and Annex 2 detailing the parameters for screening events.
+
+Basic Obligations
+
+The CTBT bans any nucl"
+0,"A new edition of an annual report on global trafficking incidents found an increase in the number of times where nuclear or radiological materials—the raw materials for nuclear and radiological terrorism—were lost, stolen or out of regulatory control between 2013 (155 incidents) and 2014 (170 incidents). The database and companion report were produced by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) with support from NTI.
+
+Few incidents involved material that was directly weapons-usable, but th"
+0,"Industry group says policies need to value low-carbon reactors
+
+Economic results for US commercial nuclear power plants are expected to deteriorate beyond 2021 and it is unlikely that any but the lowest-cost nuclear units will cover their costs and be viable to remain in operation, a study says.
+
+The study, by Potomac Economics, says the country faces the prospect of well-running nuclear plants shutting down, right when they are needed the most in the fight against climate change.
+
+The report assesses the e"
+0,"New Scholarships and Fellowships Will Help America Harness Nuclear’s Full Potential to Power a Clean Energy Future
+
+WASHINGTON, D.C. — The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced more than $5 million in scholarships and fellowships for students across the country pursuing degrees in nuclear energy and engineering. These awards through the Office of Nuclear Energy’s Integrated University Program will invest in the next generation of nuclear energy leaders, so that they can develop innovative solution"
+0,"The Issue
+
+As the internet has grown to be an integral part of society, so too have the needs of citizens, companies, and governments to consider how and where data is stored and who has access to it.
+Whether for data sovereignty, national security and intelligence gathering, commercial, or privacy reasons, governments are increasingly seeking to maintain “digital sovereignty” and control through protectionist data localization mandates.
+National security justifications for these mandates are often thinly v"
+0,"The Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom welcomes the opportunity to address the Second Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty.
+
+We participated in the negotiation of the Treaty as a feminist peace organisation advocating for a Treaty that would prevent humanitarian harm and confront the global culture of violence, including the access and use of weapons by young men and the reinforcement of violent masculinities. Since then, we have maintained that this is the most important gu"
+0,"The plant supplier, Russia’s Rosatom, says facility conforms to international standards
+
+The background"
+0,The feeling of crossing the bridge by train from China for the first time is a truly unforgettable experience
+0,"The Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) is a branch of the Islamic State active in Central and South Asia. This piece provides an overview of ISKP, including the group’s history, ideology, organizational structure, tactics, and targets. It concludes with an assessment that ISKP poses a significant threat within Afghanistan and will likely continue to perpetrate attacks against civilians and the new Taliban government—including against high-profile targets. This threat is exacerbated by the withdrawal of "
+0,"The number of operating nuclear power reactors in the world dropped by nine over the past year to 408 as of mid-2020, below the level already reached in 1988 and 30 units below the historic peak of 438 in 2002, according to an independent report.
+
+One more reactor has begun operation since the report was written, bringing the total as of September to 409.
+
+The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2020 said the “big five” nuclear generating countries – the US, France, China, Russia and South Korea – again ge"
+0,"Work has begun on a major overhaul of a test reactor at the heart of the USA's nuclear energy research infrastructure. This will be the sixth time the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), which began operations in 1967, has undergone the process to enable it to continue its essential function for at least another decade.
+
+ATR is at the INL site, 47 miles west of Idaho Falls (Image: INL)
+
+ATR is a pressurised water reactor which is used to produce neutrons, rather than heat, and op"
+0,"In 2020, nuclear reactors supplied 2553 TWh of electricity, down from 2657 TWh in 2019. This decrease was strongly influenced by the overall decrease in electricity demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the fact that nuclear reactors were increasingly being called upon to provide load-following support to the growing share of variable renewable generation.
+
+The performance of the world’s nuclear reactors in 2020 are set out in World Nuclear Association Performance Report 2021, which was published toda"
+0,"Ballistic Missiles
+
+Key Findings
+
+No significant activity is observed that indicates preparations for the launching of the much-anticipated new ballistic missile submarine (SSB) or preparations for a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) test.
+Additionally, there are no indications of either a recent SLBM test or preparations for an upcoming test at the pop-up test stand.
+No significant activity is observed elsewhere at the shipyard.
+North Korea retains the capability and resources to launch the new S"
+0,"Investment in nuclear power was resilient in 2020 and is set to increase in countries with well-defined nuclear expansion plans such as China, India and Russia, according to the latest edition of the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Investment report."
+0,"Nigeria is in talks with Russia over plans for the African nation to build its first commercial nuclear power station, local press reports said."
+0,"Germany until March 2011 obtained one-quarter of its electricity from nuclear energy, using 17 reactors. The figure is now about 10% from six reactors, while 35-40% of electricity comes from coal, the majority of that from lignite.
+A coalition government formed after the 1998 federal elections had the phasing out of nuclear energy as a feature of its policy. With a new government in 2009, the phase-out was cancelled, but then reintroduced in 2011, with eight reactors shut down immediately.
+Public opinion in"
+0,"The NTI Submarine Proliferation Resource Collection details the submarine capabilities and import/export behavior of several representative countries around the world. The collection focuses on technological improvements to global submarine fleets, such as the spread of nuclear propulsion and Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) technologies, which increase the capability of submarines to deliver weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Additionally, the collection tracks conventional submarine proliferation in poten"
+0,US-based NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes announced on 30 August that it has been awarded $37 million in cooperative agreement funds with the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) as part of an industry outreach initiative to establish reliable domestic molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) production without the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU). NorthStar will use funds from the award to complete its neutron capture technology programme and continue development and expansion of i
+0,"As the Biden administration turns its attention to North Korea, it should signal its support for human rights by reappointing a special envoy for the position on North Korea left vacant for the past four years. The reappointment will give meaning to US President Joseph Biden’s vow to return values to US foreign policy. It will also alert North Korea that ending its isolation and joining the rest of the international community, and especially normalizing its relations with the United States, will have to be "
+0,"With such a tight schedule, focus and drive were vital for moving the negotiations forward on time. Based on a clear directive from Presidents Obama and Medvedev, Gottemoeller knew the negotiations were to focus only on reducing strategic offensive armaments. The drive came from the perseverance and professionalism between her team and their Russian counterparts.
+
+“When any negotiation starts, there’s a dance that goes on as the chief negotiators and the heads of the working groups establish their rhythm an"
+0,"Two years ago, Dr. Obaid Saqer Busit became the youngest Director-General of the Dubai Department of Ports and Customs. At the age of thirty-four, he was suddenly responsible for tracking the flow of millions of imports and exports each year. He soon discovered, however, that Dubai had no effective law for controlling trade, including exports to Iran.
+
+In an exclusive interview, Dr. Busit tells the Risk Report: “Two years ago we weren’t a true Customs agency. You could call us anything you want, but you cou"
+0,"UAE facility is one of the largest nuclear energy new-build projects in the world
+
+When the Barakah-1 nuclear power plant in the United Arab Emirates began commercial operation on 6 April 2020 it became the first commercial nuclear unit to operate in the Arab world."
+0,"Toronto-based Global Atomic is to set up a 90%-owned Niger mining subsidiary after the Government of Niger formally confirmed it will not increase its ownership stake in the Dasa project beyond the legally mandated 10% minimum. The company plans to bring the project into full production by the end of 2024.
+
+Niger's Minister of Mines Hadizatou Ousseini Yacouba expressed the government's confidence in the company to bring the mine into production and to deliver direct benefits to the country, through taxes, r"
+0,"South Korea-supplied reactor will be one of four at the site in the United Arab Emirates
+
+The Barakah-1 nuclear power plant in the United Arab Emirates has begun commercial operation, making it the first commercial nuclear unit to operate in the Arab world, it was announced.
+
+In a post on his Twitter feed, the crown prince of Abu Dhabi, Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, applauded the achievement, describing it as a significant milestone in the UAE’s long-term roadmap for sustainable, knowledge-based economic pro"
+0,"This policy salon, our fourth event on the topic in collaboration with Cindy Vestergaard of the Stimson Center, will discuss recent research on the potential use of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for the management of IAEA nuclear safeguards information.
+
+The discussion will focus on next steps in this research agenda and needs or opportunities for those working on the topic. Invited guests to this salon include presenters and organizers from the panel on the topic at the IAEA Safeguards Symposium. Gue"
+0,"Bangladesh started construction of its first nuclear power reactor, Rooppur 1, in November 2017. The unit is scheduled to be commissioned in 2023.
+Construction of the second unit at Rooppur commenced in July 2018.
+The country has a rapidly increasing power demand and is aiming to reduce its dependence on natural gas.
+
+Electricity sector
+
+Total generation (in 2018): 78.6 TWh
+
+Generation mix: natural gas 59.4 TWh (76%); oil 16.3 TWh (21%); coal 1.5 TWh (2%); hydro 1.1 TWh (1%).
+
+Import/export balance: 5.1 TWh"
+0,"According to Kim Kil Sŏn, construction of the Man'gyŏngdae Electric Machinery Factory began in 1965. Other sources claim it was originally a performance test facility under the Academy of National Defense Sciences until it was changed into an underground production facility in 1977. Kim Kil Sŏn says the factory was completed in 1978 and became North Korea 's main underground missile production facility. The Man'gyŏngdae Electric Machinery Factory mass produces missiles after prototypes have passed performan"
+0,"Summary
+
+Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to play a major role in shaping global competitiveness and productivity over the next couple of decades, granting early adopters significant societal, economic, and strategic advantages. As the pace of AI innovation and development picks up—underpinned by advancements in big data and high-performance computing—the United States and China are both in the driver’s seat. Europe, meanwhile, despite having certain advantages such as a strong industrial base and l"
+0,"The last few years have opened fissures in the transatlantic relationship. Even staunch European transatlanticists like Carl Bildt talk about how to reduce reliance on the United States, and the French see events as an opportunity to further their long-standing aim for a European security architecture independent from the United States. These strains shouldn’t be overstated—President Biden’s office has been greeted by goodwill (and relief) —but the United States also shouldn’t assume automatic European supp"
+0,"Controlling the spread of disease, helping doctors diagnose and treat patients, powering space exploration; the uses of nuclear technology are varied – and life-changing.
+
+Nuclear saves lives
+
+Every year, nuclear medicine helps doctors diagnose and treat tens of millions of people. Using radiation, such as X-rays, doctors can make quick, non-intrusive and accurate diagnoses of a patient’s organs. Radioisotopes, which can be produced by nuclear reactors, are used as ‘tracers’ in positron emission tomography "
+0,"The latest phase of the Covid-19 pandemic response has exposed a wide chasm between high-income and lower-income countries, as some states race ahead in their Covid-19 vaccination campaigns while others have yet to begin. As the global vaccination effort contends with supply shocks and geopolitical challenges, national health leaders must confront a reality of scarce resources, surging caseloads in some areas, and pandemic fatigue. How have lower- and lower-middle income countries approached this unpreceden"
+0,"Gas Line is a quarterly publication that looks at major news stories in global gas—ranging from project development to markets and geopolitics. My goal is not to cover every story but to draw connections between stories across time and space in order to shed light on the major themes that will drive global gas markets in the years ahead. My main takeaways from this quarter:
+
+Natural Gas in a Net Zero World
+
+The bottom line: The role of natural gas in a deeply decarbonized world remains difficult to forecast"
+0,"Experts say that Seoul seeks to expand its North Korea monitoring capabilities
+
+South Korea and the United States will expand cooperation in the final frontier, according to new space agreements signed between the two allies on Thursday.
+
+“Partnering in deep space will ensure our missions are carried out in accordance with important, universal principles like transparency, safety, and peaceful exploration,” said NASA Administrator Sen. Bill Nelson, lauding the move."
+0,"September 2, 2021: Professor Larry Gostin joined us for a spirited conversation of where America as a country stands today, almost two years into Covid-19. Human ingenuity and scientific gains have been “astounding,” while our preparedness, in the face of such a “wily enemy,” has too often been “abysmal.” We experienced shock when the first wave that began in Wuhan landed at our shores, CDC bungled tests, the Trump administration stoked anti-Asian hatred and politicized essential tools – masks, vaccines, an"
+0,"The Swedish government's decision to approve an expansion of the existing Clab interim repository for used fuel while continuing to consider the application for a final repository has ""created uncertainties in the legal procedure for obtaining final decisions on the storage of nuclear fuel,"" Vattenfall has said. The utility warned the decision has made it more likely that units 2 and 3 of its Forsmark nuclear power plant may have to shut down in 2024 and 2025.
+
+The government announced its decision on 26 Au"
+0,"North Korea has acquired two formerly foreign-flagged oil tankers through Chinese middlemen, a draft of a forthcoming U.N. Panel of Experts (PoE) report seen by NK Pro shows.
+
+The latest additions to the country’s oil tanker fleet, the Woo Jeong and Xin Hai, bring nearly 8,000 deadweight tons of additional capacity and potentially expand North Korea’s range of options to evade sanctions."
+0,"Regional civil society has encountered increasing obstacles as the pandemic limits the action of civil society organizations in the operational arena, and in many cases, the governments of the region have implemented measures in response to COVID-19 that negatively impact civic spaces. The Stanley Center for Peace and Security and La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES), organizers of the Latin American and Caribbean Civil Society Network for the Prevention of Mass Atrociti"
+0,"The private sector can suffer staggering losses when conflicts arise, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. In 2017 alone, the global economy lost $14.8 trillion due to violence. While the business community has at times negated peace efforts, there is a strong rationale for engaging the private sector in violence prevention.
+
+At the Stanley Center’s 59th annual Strategy for Peace Conference, October 17-19, 2018, participants in the roundtable, “The Business Case for Building Resilience and Pursuin"
+0,"Neutrinos beamed from CERN in Switzerland to a laboratory in Italy appear to travel faster than the speed of light, breaking the rules laid down by Einstein's theory of relativity. The discovery has been made as part of the OPERA experiment, in which a beam of neutrinos from CERN, the European Centre for Nuclear Research, is beamed to the INFN Gran Sasso Laboratory, some 730 km away near Rome. The result is based on the observation of over 15,000 neutrino events measured at Gran Sasso, and appears to indica"
+0,"On August 31, 1998, North Korea launched what was initially believed to be a two-stage Taepodong 1 (TD1) missile eastward over Japan. The first stage of the missile fell into international waters roughly 400 miles east of the launch site, and the second stage flew over Japanese territory, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean approximately 930 miles from the launch site.
+
+North Korea soon announced that it had tested a three-stage space launcher which included the release of a satellite that the DPRK claimed "
+0,"Summary
+
+This working paper is the first publication of Carnegie’s new Turkey and the World Initiative.
+
+At present, the relationship between Turkey and the United States is in a deep crisis. The meeting between U.S. President Joe Biden and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at the margin of the June 2021 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Summit in Brussels raised expectations that the U.S.-Turkey relationship can be put back on track. And yet recovery from the present crisis is uncertain, as th"
+0,"A bipartisan infrastructure bill passed by the US Senate this week includes, amongst other things, provisions for investment in advanced nuclear reactor demonstration projects. The bill would also include investment in research hubs for next generation technologies such as carbon capture and clean hydrogen.
+
+Vice Presiden Kamala Harris and President Biden watch the Senate vote (Image: @POTUS)
+
+The Bipartisan Infrastructure Framework - which has been described by the White House as the largest long-term inve"
+0,"Arbeiderbladet (Oslo)
+April 20, 1988
+
+Seventeen months ago, the world learned of Norway’s nuclear deal with Israel. The deal was simple: Israel got 20 tons of heavy water and Norway got two promises. The first was that Israel would not use the heavy water to make atomic bombs–Israel would restrict it to “peaceful use.” The second was that Norway could do on-site inspections, to be sure that the peaceful use pledge was kept.
+
+Heavy water does not go into atomic bombs; it runs reactors that make plutonium tha"
+0,"Ringhals AB and Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB each issued an Urgent Market Message (UUM) to the Nord Pool power exchange yesterday morning about the potential risk of Ringhals units 3 and 4 and Forsmark units 1, 2 and 3 being unable to restart following scheduled outages - in 2024 (F2), 2025 (R3-4, F3), and 2028 (F1) - because of a lack of storage space for used nuclear fuel.
+
+Ringhals nuclear power plant (Image: Vattenfall)
+
+The UUMs from Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB and Ringhals AB noted that this situation is an in"
+0,"Download the PDF version:
+
+The transportation sector is the second-largest source of CO 2 emissions, after electricity and heat generation, accounting for about 25 percent of global emissions. 1 However, it is also one of the most challenging to decarbonize due to its distributed nature and the advantages of fossil fuels in terms of high energy densities, ease of transportation, and storage. Moreover, the degree of difficulty in decarbonizing varies significantly across the sector, making the challenge even"
+0,"Since regaining the Nicaraguan presidency in 2007, Daniel Ortega has led a steady assault on the country’s institutions and has accumulated vast personal power and wealth. This consolidation of authority has been felt most acutely over the past two months. The jailing of dozens of opposition leaders, including formal pre-presidential candidates, private sector leaders, and erstwhile Sandinista revolutionaries, as well as the criminalization of political dissent, represent the Ortega-Murillo regime’s final b"
+0,"By Hans M. Kristensen
+
+The Chinese military appears to be significantly expanding the number of ballistic missiles silos under construction in a new sprawling training area in the northern part of central China.
+
+Recent satellite images indicate that at least 16 silos are under construction, a significant expansion in just a few years since a silo was first described in the area.
+
+The satellite images also reveal unique tunnels potentially constructed to conceal missile launch units or loading operations.
+
+"
+0,"The parade may mark upcoming national holidays in September and October, sources and satellite evidence suggest
+
+| Colin Zwirko
+
+Image: NK News | Students hold flags during practices in Kim Il Sung Square days before the April 15, 2017 military parade"
+0,"(With table corrected for typos) The Pentagon has just released its long-awaited 2020 version of its annual report on China’s military developments. In this article, we review the elements concerning China’s nuclear forces.
+
+The Size of the Warhead Stockpile
+
+The biggest surprise in the new report is that it for the first time provides DOD’s estimate of the number of nuclear warheads in the Chinese nuclear weapons stockpile: low-200s. This is lower than the estimate we currently have: 320. But there are rea"
+0,"Accurate radiation dosimetry is required for different applications and is essential in radiation therapy of cancer patients. It is also needed in many other areas, such as the optimization of radiation imaging for diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine, and the radiation protection of staff, patients and the public. Accurate radiation dosimetry is achieved only through the use of calibrated dosimeters.
+
+The quantities used for radiation dose measurements are established in Primary Standards Dosimetry La"
+0,"This month El Salvador became the first country to make a digital currency legal tender. Citing the large remittance flows that come into the country (more than 20 percent of GDP) and large number of El Salvadorans that remains unbanked (nearly 70 percent of the adult population), the government of maverick, techno-savvy President Nayib Bukele announced Bitcoin would become an official currency alongside the U.S. dollar. He said this move would cut transaction costs and increase liquidity in the economy. Th"
+0,"Venezuela is experiencing a major political, economic, and humanitarian crisis, and the effects of this crisis have a regional impact. As the Venezuelan government continues taking antidemocratic actions, the internal economic collapse accelerates, violations of the rights of Venezuelans increase, shortages worsen, and the overall situation becomes increasingly unstable, large segments of the population are forced to leave Venezuela to escape the domestic crisis and search for better opportunities. Two of t"
+0,"About 15% of Canada's electricity comes from nuclear power, with 19 reactors mostly in Ontario providing 13.5 GWe of power capacity.
+Canada had plans to expand its nuclear capacity over the next decade by building two more new reactors, but these have been deferred.
+For many years Canada has been a leader in nuclear research and technology, exporting reactor systems developed in Canada as well as a high proportion of the world supply of radioisotopes used in medical diagnosis and cancer therapy.
+
+Operable n"
+1,"Nuclear power has a role to play in Japan’s efforts to meet its greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050, writes Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency (IEA).
+
+Mr Birol says in an article published on his official LinkedIn page that restarting existing nuclear reactor units in Japan, which meet safety requirements, would be a “cost-effective” way to quickly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the security of electricity supplies.
+
+“"
+0,"All CISAC News Commentary
+
+Why 3.6m pounds of nuclear waste is buried on a popular California beach. Rod Ewing comments.
+
+More than 2 million visitors flock each year to California’s San Onofre state beach, a dreamy slice of coastline just north of San Diego. The beach is popular with surfers, lies across one of the largest Marine Corps bases in the Unites States and has a 10,000-year-old sacred Native American site nearby. It even landed a shout-out in the Beach Boys’ 1963 classic Surfin’ USA."
+0,"Madam Chairperson,
+
+Having returned yesterday from constructive discussions in Tehran, I am ready to update you on the safeguards situation in Iran. We have been able, once again, to strengthen the IAEA’s indispensable verification work for the benefit of all. I will elaborate in a few moments. But first, I would like to acknowledge the important work the Agency is doing in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to plague much of the world. We are now not only delivering emergency aid to those who "
+0,"We live in a rapidly changing world. The effects of climate change -- such as heat waves, rising sea levels and more severe storms -- are already being felt across the United States. Our energy infrastructure is especially vulnerable to climate-related impacts, which can pose a serious threat to America’s prosperity, national security, energy security and quality of life.
+
+Today, the Energy Department released a report that highlights threats to our energy sector in nine geographic regions, each with its ow"
+1,"Recent commercial satellite imagery of North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center indicates that the spent fuel storage building at the abandoned, never-completed 50 MWe Reactor is being dismantled or repurposed. The building was designed to contain a spent fuel storage pond as well as three smaller ponds serving decontamination and other purposes. The dismantlement of the roof began between May 22 and June 6, while the remainder of the walls were dismantled by August 25.
+
+The purpose of thea"
+0,"The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel.
+The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the environment, with the deposition of radioactive materials in many parts of Europe.
+Two Chernobyl plant workers died due to the explosion on the night of the accident, and a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation syndrome.
+The United Nations Scienti"
+0,"The Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin)
+August 9, 2005, p. 3A
+
+From her office window in Paris, Valerie Lincy keeps her eye on Iran and checks in frequently with her boss, a Wisconsin emeritus law professor based not in Madison, but in the District of Columbia.
+
+This global tetrahedron, while baffling at first, converges logically on the issue of nuclear weapons. Lincy is an employee of the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, a Washington research center founded in 1986 by University of Wisconsin-Madi"
+0,"US-based Westinghouse Electric Company and Energoatom, the state-owned nuclear utility of Ukraine, have signed an exclusive agreement to bring Westinghouse AP1000 reactors to multiple sites in the eastern European country.
+
+The signing of what Westinghouse said was an “historic” agreement took place at the US Department of Energy headquarters in Washington and was witnessed by Ukraine’s president Volodymyr Zelensky, US energy secretary Jennifer Granholm and Ukraine’s energy minister German Galushchenko.
+
+En"
+0,"Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said in a video address to the 6th Eastern Economic Forum in Russia's Vladivostok on 3 September that Kazakhstan needs a nuclear power plant, and that the issue should be analysed in detail.
+
+""In my address to the Kazakh people, I directed that the possibility of establishing a nuclear energy sector in Kazakhstan should be comprehensibly explored. It is necessary to adequately assess the needs of the state, citizens and businesses. Personally, I think that it is time t"
+0,"As the world experiences rapid urbanization, leaders at the city level play an increasingly important role in ensuring that people lead lives free from fear, trauma, and violent conflict. More than 80% of violent deaths each year occur outside of conflict zones—primarily in urban areas—and there is often insufficient multilateral engagement from subnational leaders on this issue.
+
+The Stanley Center for Peace and Security and Impact:Peace at the Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice have partnered to commiss"
+0,"The European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group (Ensreg) has started its second review at Belarus' Ostrovets nuclear power plant. Experts from eight European countries will spend three days verifying that recommended safety improvements have been carried out.
+
+The improvements stem from a 'stress test' analysis of the kind carried out at power plants all over Europe after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi in Japan in March 2011. Belarusian operators of the Ostrovets power plant started the process in 2016 and "
+0,"The project to dismantle the historic Chernobyl Shelter Object can begin, after Chernobyl NPP was granted the requisite licence today. The ageing Shelter has been superseded by the New Safe Confinement, which now surrounds unit 4 and contains equipment to undertake the work.
+
+""We will again have to do things that no one has done before"", said Valeriy Seyda, acting director general of Chernobyl NPP, describing both the planning of a procedure to take down the unstable structures that were hastily erected in "
+0,"Paris-based agency says more effort needed in Japan to ‘develop and institutionalise’ a system for nuclear safety
+
+The root cause of the Fukushima-Daiichi accident in Japan almost 10 years ago was structural flaws in nuclear administration that led to a breakdown in public trust and raised concerns about the nuclear industry elsewhere in the world, a report published on Wednesday by the Nuclear Energy Agency says."
+0,"Summary
+
+Central bank digital currencies (CBDC) are digital tokens issued by central banks. In a way, they are the digital version of cash; their value is guaranteed by a central bank. Unlike money held in credit cards and mobile wallets, CBDCs are not a mere representation of physical money stored elsewhere. Instead, they are a complete replacement for currency notes. While several countries are developing their digital currencies, China is well positioned to take the lead with the digital yuan. This paper"
+0,"Preface
+
+China Local/Global
+
+China has become a global power, but there is too little debate about how this has happened and what it means. Many argue that China exports its developmental model and imposes it on other countries. But Chinese players also extend their influence by working through local actors and institutions while adapting and assimilating local and traditional forms, norms, and practices.
+
+With a generous multiyear grant from the Ford Foundation, Carnegie has launched an innovative body of "
+1,"Following a major earthquake, a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear accident beginning on 11 March 2011. All three cores largely melted in the first three days.
+The accident was rated level 7 on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale, due to high radioactive releases over days 4 to 6, eventually a total of some 940 PBq (I-131 eq).
+All four Fukushima Daiichi reactors were written off due to damage in the accident – 2719"
+0,"WASHINGTON, DC – From June 22-24, 2021, the Carnegie Nuclear Policy Program will host the 2021 Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference virtually, including keynote addresses from Kathleen Hicks, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense and from Ine Eriksen Søreide, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Norway.
+
+Other speakers include: Bishop Garrison, Senior Advisor to the U.S. Secretary of Defense for Human Capital and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion; Harry Harris, former U.S. ambassador to the Republic of Kore"
+0,"The United States has emerged in 2020 as the global epicenter of mass political protests. Following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, public outcry over police brutality and systemic racism ignited popular protests across the United States. Despite the concurrent Covid-19 pandemic, these protests grew rapidly across all 50 states, becoming the topic of conversation in every home and business in the United States. The Black Lives Matter movement has gone global too, inspiring activists from Europe t"
+0,"On September 8 Senior Researcher Elena Gai presented on current nuclear disarmament verification initiatives at the IX International Conference ‘Semipalatinsk Test Site: Legacy and Prospects for Scientific-Technical Potential’, which featured interventions from representatives of Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Nuclear Centre and other scientific institutes as well as diplomatic personalities such as the US, Russian and Japanese Ambassadors to the Republic of Kazak"
+1,"Executive Summary
+
+In current circumstances, the possibility of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) engagement in verification in North Korea may seem remote. Negotiations between the United States and North Korea have not progressed, and Kim Jong Un has stated that “if the US persists in its hostile policy toward [North Korea] there will never be denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula.” This statement might sound negative, but it contains an important implication — that the direction taken by North"
+0,"3D printing is beginning to transform the manufacture of sensitive nuclear and missile technologies.
+
+This list of use cases is growing as additive manufacturing (AM) technology matures. The United States is developing AM techniques to more efficiently modernize warheads in the U.S. stockpile. NASA, the Department of Defense, and several private firms are actively developing, test-firing, and flying rocket engines made with additively manufactured components.
+
+With this technological change comes concern th"
+0,"Any future negotiations with North Korea will need to consider the role of economic incentives and rewards for making progress in meeting US goals of reducing Pyongyang’s nuclear weapons capabilities and risk of proliferation. This will require shaping a nuanced balance between the role of measures to maintain pressure to negotiate versus incentives and rewards that are meaningful to the North Koreans and have traction in the negotiations process. Changes in North Korea’s economic circumstances, external re"
+0,"In late December 2019, Kim Jong Un gave a speech at a Korean Workers’ Party Central Committee plenum session, which laid out a number of economic policy priorities, such as raising industrial and agricultural production. [1] He mainly focused, however, on strengthening the state’s overall authority and management capacities in the economic realm. Close to one year later, it appears that economic policy has generally followed these priorities, although the pandemic and continued sanctions hampered production"
+0,"In the late summer and early fall, as happens in most years, the DPRK was hit by massive flooding and other damage from heavy rains and typhoons. [1] Although North Korean media and humanitarian organizations have not published an overall assessment of the damage, some data suggest that cropland damage in the rice bowl provinces from the rainfall is not unprecedented, and in fact is lower this year than in previous years. [2]
+
+The Magnitude of the Flooding
+
+Although not a perfect metric, rainfall amounts pr"
+0,"The U.S. politician Tip O’Neill is credited with the phrase “all politics is local.” UK prime minister Neville Chamberlain, too, discovered the global reach of local politics, admitting on the eve of the Second World War that it was “horrible, fantastic, incredible . . . that we should be digging trenches and trying on gas-masks here because of a quarrel in a faraway country between people of whom we know nothing.” Most of us know nothing of the Moldova/Transdniestria conflict, 1 and in general those who do"
+0,"Clear risk-sharing mechanisms are needed along with ‘strong government support’
+
+Potential reductions in the high cost of financing provide a big opportunity to reduce the cost of new commercial nuclear power plants, but strong government support to provide risk protection is crucial, a virtual conference on nuclear energy was told on Thursday."
+0,"In Southeast Asia, there has been a strong narrative that “ coal is king ” and that countries across the region will inevitably rely on coal power to meet rising energy demands.
+
+According to the International Energy Agency’s Coal 2019 Report, coal accounts for almost 40% of electricity generation and more than 40% of energy-related CO2 emissions worldwide. Asia’s share of global coal power generation climbed to almost 80% in 2019, and much of that increase has come from Southeast Asia, led by Vietnam and I"
+0,"Pyongyang typically uses military parades to show off new nuclear missile developments
+
+Colin Zwirko
+
+North Korea is likely preparing to hold another military parade in the coming months, according to NK Pro analysis of satellite imagery showing troop formations at a parade training complex in Pyongyang.
+
+North Korea has used military parades in the past to boost internal resolve and show off its latest weapon developments to the world, such as its largest nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile "
+0,"The former Ministry of Space Industry (MSI) established China Precision Machinery Import and Export Corporation (CPMIEC) in 1980 for sales of missiles manufactured under MSI’s jurisdiction. [2] CPMIEC currently markets missiles produced by MSI’s successors, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC). [3] CPMIEC itself does not own missile production facilities, but rather has lateral relationships with missile and missile te"
+0,"The Embalse nuclear power plant in Argentina has returned to service for another 30 years of operation following completion of upgrade work, Nucleoeléctrica Argentina announced on 4 January. The Embalse plant, which entered commercial operation in 1984, will resume supply of electricity to the national grid ""very soon"", the company said, following tests at different power levels required before commercial operation can start.
+
+Argentina has three operating nuclear power plants, all pressurised heavy water r"
+0,"Established in 1917, this facility manufactured munitions before it was redirected toward production for the USSR's military and civil nuclear programs. In 1954, Elemash began to produce fuel assemblies, including for the first nuclear power plant in the world, located in Obninsk. In 1959, the facility produced the fuel for the Soviet Union's first icebreaker. Its fuel assembly production became serial in 1965 and automated in 1982. [1]
+
+Today, Elemash is one of the largest TVEL nuclear fuel production comp"
+0,"The International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC), developed from the former Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP), is a partnership of countries aiming to ensure that new nuclear energy initiatives meet the highest standards of safety, security and non‐proliferation.
+IFNEC involves both political and technological initiatives, and extends to financing and infrastructure.
+
+The International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC), formerly the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership ("
+0,"While coal power generation in Asia increased to 80% of the global total in 2019, institutional factors have hindered a transition to renewable energy in South and Southeast Asia. Inflexible contractual obligations with fossil fuel suppliers have locked in government energy expenditures, and outdated electricity grids are often not even equipped to incorporate low-cost renewables.
+
+But delaying the modernization of the power sector now means greater costs for displacement in the future. Renewable energy cos"
+0,"North Korea has restarted construction at a new import disinfection complex near the Chinese border, according to NK Pro analysis of satellite imagery, in a move that may signal Pyongyang is preparing to resume large-scale trade with China.
+
+The new activity included reinforcements made along the complex’s security perimeter and new construction inside the main disinfection zone, in addition to new construction at a plane storage facility at the site."
+1,"From 1969-90 there were more than 160 shipments of used nuclear reactor fuel from Japan to Europe.
+Reprocessing of the Japanese used fuel has been undertaken in UK and France under contract with Japanese utilities.
+Recovered fissile materials are returned to Japan as reactor fuel, notably as mixed oxide (MOX) fuel.
+The first shipment to Japan of immobilised high-level waste from reprocessing took place in 1995 and the 12th and last one from France was in 2007. The first one from UK was in 2010.
+
+Nuclear pow"
+0,"Within the framework of the project ‘Building Capacity on Multilateral Verification of Nuclear Disarmament’ implemented by VERTIC in collaboration with the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), ISTC and the Eurasian National University (ENU) organized on 6 May 2021 an online Forum for university faculty and students on the topic ‘Kazakhstan in Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation’. The event also coincided with the 25 th anniversary of the Eurasian National University
+
+The key note speake"
+0,"FEATURED
+
+By Other Means Part II: Adapting to Compete in the Gray Zone
+
+By , Kathleen H. Hicks, Lindsey R. Sheppard, Michael Matlaga, Joseph Federici
+
+The United States is being confronted with the liabilities of its strengths. Given the significant costs of engaging the United States in combat, and the growing range of indirect and non-military tools at their disposal, rivals are seeking ways to achieve relative gains without triggering escalation. From fake news and online troll farms to terrorist financi"
+0,"This workshop will focus on the effects of recent changes in the global information ecosystem, partially driven by increased dependence on social media for information, on leaders and publics. Specifically, we want to explore how this ecosystem shapes the behavior of publics and leaders by affecting their perceptions and decisions before and during international crises.
+
+Addressing this issue is important because of its implication for international crisis stability and the potential for nuclear conflict. E"
+0,"What does it mean to pursue a career in STEM? What job opportunities are available to those with STEM degrees? What classes should you take in high school and college to become a mechanical engineer? What does a typical day look like for a scientist, engineer, or technician?
+
+On Wednesday, April 21, from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. Central Time, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory will offer high school students an opportunity to ask those questions at the annual Science, Technology,"
+0,"A bill introduced by Senator Ron Wyden would require the FBI and the Director of National Intelligence to declassify “any and all information” regarding actions by the government of Saudi Arabia to assist Saudi nationals who are accused of crimes in the United States to flee the country.
+
+As Senator Wyden explained last week, the bill was prompted by multiple cases — 19 over the past 7 years, according to The Oregonian newspaper — in which Saudi nationals who were awaiting trial on charges such as manslaugh"
+0,"Nuclear reactors come in many different shapes and sizes. Most are large enough to power major cities, and small reactors are being developed to complement them. Most use water to cool their cores, whilst others use gas or metals.
+
+About 425 reactors globally, ranging in size from 30-1660MW, are water-cooled. There are two major types of water-cooled reactor: light water reactors (which use normal water) and heavy water reactors (which use a chemically distinct type of water). There are three major reactor "
+0,"Tunisia, the lone democracy remaining from the Arab Spring, is at a crossroads. The Covid-19 pandemic devastated an already struggling economy, while the political system has grown increasingly ineffectual. Last month, Tunisia's president Kais Saied suspended the parliament, sacked the prime minister, and significantly increased his own power for 30 days, and on August 23 he extended those moves indefinitely.
+
+What does the future hold for Tunisia? What can the United States and its allies, who together hav"
+0,"The cyber threat has expanded dramatically in recent years, with a series of damaging, high-profile attacks that have made headlines around the world. Nuclear facilities and critical command and control systems are not immune to cyber attack—such an attack could facilitate the theft of weapons-usable nuclear materials or a catastrophic act of sabotage. In addition, there is even the possibility that nuclear weapons command and control could be compromised.
+
+Governments are working to understand and minimize"
+0,"NorthStar Medical Technologies of Wisconsin will receive $37m under two cooperative agreements with the US National Nuclear Security Administration for the production of molybdenum-99 without the use of high-enriched uranium.
+
+Mo-99, a critical medical radioisotope, is used in more than 40,000 medical procedures in the US each day, including the diagnosis of heart disease and cancer.
+
+The awards, announced on 27 August, are the first of four agreements to come from the NNSA’s most recent funding opportunity"
+0,"Last week, I joined a panel of experts for a live discussion about fuel cells, covering everything you needed to know about this clean energy technology. We asked you to submit questions in advance and during the event, and we received more questions than we could answer. So now I am answering some of your questions that went unanswered.
+
+Can you discuss fuel cells for residential and commercial buildings and their cost?
+-- from TydeFarm and Jim B., both via email
+
+The cost of fuel cells for residential pow"
+0,"On the International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of this Crime, the Stanley Center for Peace and Security pledges to join the Peace in Our Cities campaign to halve urban violence by 2030. We have learned that the prevention of genocide and mass atrocities begins with investing in structural changes that encourage peacebuilding and establish inclusive and representative justice and governance systems, which help overcome budding grievances be"
+0,"The fall of Kabul signifies a new power dynamic in Afghanistan and the region. It has the potential to reverse two decades of progress in areas such as human and women’s rights, education, and development. Amid an increasing humanitarian and refugee crisis, the events of the past week and years might open opportunities for U.S. adversaries to take advantage of diminishing U.S. influence and capacity to react to developing crises in the region. What are immediate next steps that the U.S. should take in Afgha"
+0,"Synthos Green Energy has announced the completion of a deployment feasibility study for the implementation of a fleet of GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy BWRX-300 small modular reactors in Poland. The study, which was prepared by Exelon Generation, will help the Synthos Group estimate how many reactors would need to be built to make the most of the cost effect of serial SMR production.
+
+The feasibility study covers the analysis of key aspects of SMR technology implementation, including cost issues, personnel polic"
+0,"VERTIC’s National Implementation Measures (NIM) Programme is delighted to announce the public launch of its legislation survey templates for the implementation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and their related requirements under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 (UNSCR 1540).
+
+One of the primary activities of VERTIC’s NIM Programme is analysis of states’ existing laws and regulations for implementation of the BWC and CWC. In order to assi"
+0,"The world looked on throughout the Trump administration as the president of the United States courted Kim Jong Un, the young leader of North Korea, creating hope for progress toward the normalization of relations and the easing of tensions in Northeast Asia.
+
+In the end, the three Trump-Kim meetings failed to substantially shift the status quo on the Korean Peninsula, as the Trump administration insisted on complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization (CVID) as a prerequisite for tangible outcomes"
+1,Japan’s nuclear regulator has suspended its safety checks of Unit 2 at the Tsuruga nuclear power station in Fukui Prefecture after accusing the operator of falsifying data about a geological fault that runs directly beneath one of the plant’s two plants.
+0,"Captured decades ago, Takeshi Terakoshi still lives in Pyongyang with his North Korean wife and kids
+
+Image: NK News (file) | A young boy stands apart from the crowd in Pyongyang, Sep. 19, 2018
+
+Stories abound of North Korean agents abducting foreign nationals and using them for statecraft. Under the auspices of Kim Jong Il, who directed kidnapping operations while his father ran the country, the DPRK snatched people from across the world to serve as language tutors or even as spouses for wanted terrorists."
+0,"The United States has a strong national interest in being part of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) or something like it. The Biden administration has no intention at present to rejoin TPP. If those two statements are true—as I believe they are—then another path to eventual U.S. participation in TPP (or something like it) needs to be found. The White House is reportedly considering the option of pursuing a digital trade agreement with willing Indo-Pacific partners. While this approach has merit, there may"
+0,"bitterlemons-international.org
+December 11, 2003
+
+Since the 1960s, when Israel produced its first A-bomb’s worth of plutonium, it has enjoyed a surprisingly long-lived monopoly on nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Now, with the nuclear resurgence of Iran, that monopoly could end, with consequences to the region that are difficult to foresee.
+
+Israel is thought to possess as many as 200 nuclear warheads, fueled primarily by its French- and Norwegian-supplied reactor in the Negev desert. Those warheads coul"
+0,"Following the June 16 Biden-Putin Summit, several Belfer Center experts shared their thoughts on how the meeting might impact the U.S.-Russia relationship.
+
+MARIANA BUDJERYN, Research Associate, Project on Managing the Atom
+
+“The reaffirmation at the Geneva summit by Biden and Putin, the presidents of the world’s two biggest nuclear states, of the principle that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought is symbolically important. The launch of the strategic stability and cyber dialogue between Wa"
+0,"Elena Buglova, Director of the IAEA Division of Nuclear Security since the start of the year, has always had deep interest in science. Growing up in what is today Belarus in a family with a medical background – her father a scientist and her mother a medical practitioner – discussions on medical topics, both the science and the practice, made regular dinnertime conversation.
+
+“Topics ranged from new treatment protocols to scientific investigations and experiments on hematology and transfusiology, including "
+0,"Climate Change
+
+Highlight
+
+In a Q&A with the Stanley Center's Devon Terrill, Chris Wright of Climate Tracker discusses the evolution of his organization and why building a network of young climate journalists from around the world is so important.
+
+The Stanley Center has been collaborating with Climate Tracker, the largest youth-based climate journalism project in the world, on a variety of activities since 2019. Journalism and Media Program Officer Devon Terrill recently interviewed Climate Tracker’s Manag"
+0,"Salame got enticing job offers from some of the world’s leading chemical companies, but she turned them down after a phone call which, she says, changed the course of her career permanently: “Congratulations, you have been selected for a Junior Professional Officer position at the IAEA!”
+
+Salame joined the IAEA’s Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, where she provided technical support for the development and implementation of activities in material research for nuclear and energy applications around"
+0,"Executive Summary
+
+In 2019-2020, the Stimson Center’s 38 North and Security for a New Century (SNC) programs convened a bipartisan congressional Korea Study Group (KSG). The KSG brought U.S. House and Senate staffers together with a broad range of former U.S. and Republic of Korea (ROK) officials, analysts, and academics. The goal was to empower the U.S. Congress and to encourage its members to play their constitutional roles in key foreign policy and national security issues by building a dialogue that wou"
+0,"The Sŭngni Automobile Factory has produced the majority of North Korea's vehicles since the plant was opened in 1958 with Soviet and Czech assistance. The factory was called the ""Tŏkch'ŏn Automobile Factory (德川自動車工場)"" until 1975, when it was renamed the ""Sŭngni Automobile Factory."" At the end of 1999, when a structural reform of factories and enterprises was implemented, the designation of the factory became the Sŭngni Automobile Factory. The factory started producing its first vehicle, the Sŭngni-58 truck,"
+0,"For many years, the United States has played a significant role in advancing the early microfinance revolution and the financial inclusion agenda worldwide. Access to and use of financial services yields many benefits to individuals, companies, and governments. For private citizens, financial services facilitate daily activities and provide ways to make payments, save, and plan for long-term goals and unexpected emergencies. More importantly, financial inclusion is one of the key enablers of women’s economi"
+0,"The US Department of Energy (DOE) has released the draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for construction of the Versatile Test Reactor (VTR), a sodium-cooled reactor that will provide a source of fast neutrons needed to test advanced reactor technology, fuels and related materials. The draft EIS will be open for a 45-day public comment period.
+
+The draft EIS evaluates alternatives for a VTR and associated facilities for the irradiation and post-irradiation examination of test and experimental fuels an"
+0,"Hotlines can serve as essential firebreaks between accident, miscalculation, miscommunication, and the outbreak of nuclear war. They enable timely, direct, and confidential communication between adversaries so that states can avoid conflict and de-escalate crises.
+
+In the nearly sixty years since the establishment of a nuclear hotline between Washington and Moscow, hotlines have proliferated to connect many states, at many levels of government, and for a variety of political-military purposes. Hotlines figu"
+0,"There has been more than 40 years of experience in applying international radiation safety regulations at uranium mines.
+Australian and Canadian radiation safety regulations today are among the most comprehensive and stringent in the world.
+Radiation doses at Australian and Canadian uranium mines are well within regulatory limits.
+Uranium mining companies have generally taken active steps to reduce radiation doses wherever and whenever they can, and voluntarily adopted the most recent international recommen"
+0,"Key Highlights
+
+Trending disinformation on an old publication taken out of context from 2005 is accelerating theories and disinformation surrounding the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19. Though numerous health organizations have debunked the utility of the drug for treating COVID-19, bad actors have capitalized on that study and have stepped up attacks on Dr. Anthony Fauci.
+The #Plandemic has evolved into the #Scamdemic, as media personalities and anonymous individuals alike are ma"
+0,"On 11 August 2021, the Radiation and Health Physics Unit, University of the Witwatersrand and VERTIC hosted the fourth African regional workshop to further discuss the establishment of an African Nuclear Disarmament Verification hub. The purpose of the meeting was also to achieve a deeper African understanding of the challenges posed by the lack of gender parity in disarmament diplomacy and to discuss the link between nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, socio-economic development and human security.
+Whi"
+0,"What is it like being an American intelligence officer from a historically underrepresented background?
+
+How does a large bureaucratic organization implement a diversity and inclusion strategy?
+
+Is culture change in the Intelligence Community possible?
+
+To explore these questions -- and more -- please join us for Agents of Change: Driving a More Diverse and Capable Intelligence Community, a two day conference co-hosted by the Intelligence and Cyber Projects at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Scie"