target,text
0,"Dubai, called the “Hong Kong of the Middle East,” has been known for centuries as a trading port. It was once famous for its market in pearls and gold. Today, Dubai is emerging as the premier distribution center for high-tech exports to the Mideast and South Asia. U.S. officials worry that in the same way Hong Kong became a conduit for secret sales to Communist China, Dubai will become the favorite diversion point for hot cargoes to Iran.

Dubai’s strategic position on the Persian Gulf puts it at the crossr"
1,"Commercial satellite imagery from the month of August indicates only low levels of activity at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center with no indicators of reactor operations. Some objects have been placed near the Experimental Light Water Reactor (ELWR), although their purpose is unclear, and construction is likely underway on the nearby engineering office building.

5 MWe Reactor

Vehicles were observed near the 5 MWe Reactor in imagery from August. At least four and perhaps five vehicles were se"
0,"Atoms, the basic building blocks of life, crave stability. Most atoms are stable but some are not, due to an excess of protons or neutrons. These unstable atoms, or radionuclides, undergo spontaneous transformations—also known as “disintegrations”—in their quest for stability. This process of radioactive decay involves the release of energy or radiation.

Because of its radioactivity, material that is no longer being used for its intended purpose such as powering a nuclear reactor – i.e. waste – must be sto"
0,"To mark the 10th anniversary of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UN Guiding Principles) on June 16, 2021, Secretary of State Tony Blinken announced that the United States would update its National Action Plan (NAP) on Responsible Business Conduct.

NAPs are a tool, encouraged by the UN Human Rights Council, that support the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles and demonstrate a state’s commitment to protecting human rights as they relate to business activities; more than two do"
0,"Below are excerpts from the article by Neumann Monson Architects, “Why LBC? The Stanley Center’s Commitment to Climate Change Solutions” (read the full article here):

“In 2019, the Stanley Center for Peace and Security partnered with Neumann Monson and Graham Construction to design and build their new headquarters in Muscatine, Iowa. The new facility will adhere to the standards of the Living Building Challenge (LBC), the most rigorous measure for sustainable design. Pursuing the LBC represents the Stanley"
0,"The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has entered its most consequential, indeed its most existential moment. Several reasons stand behind this claim.

Across southern and eastern Africa, Covid-19 has slammed HIV programs, disrupting prevention services, enrollment in treatment and supply chains, and diverting staff and laboratory capacity. PEPFAR has taken some important measures to protect its programs, processes, and resources against disruptions so that it continues to reach its core c"
0,"Note: As of January 2011, this page will no longer be updated

Overview

Resources

Background

The U.S.-Russian summit held in Moscow and St. Petersburg on 24-26 May 2002, capped the process of rapprochement between the two States that began in earlier summits in Ljubljana, Genoa, Crawford, and Shanghai, with both aspiring to leave behind the logjams of the Cold War.

Several documents were signed on a set of issues ranging from arms control to cooperation in the economic, energy, and information technolog"
0,"Please join the CSIS Americas Program for a livestream discussion on the recent political crises and natural disasters in Haiti, and on the path forward for recovery.

A series of recent events, including the brutal assassination of President Moïse on July 7, a massive earthquake on August 14, and the arrival of Tropical Storm Grace – all in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic – have exacerbated Haiti’s state of political and social chaos.

This event seeks to address how the international community, and i"
0,"The National University of Science and Technology (NUST) is a conglomerate of 16 schools and colleges located at 4 campuses established to provide instructional and research facilities for technologies central to industry and defence systems. [3]

Opportunities for students both during and after an NUST education reflect the NUST’s core mission. The NUST is actively involved in R&D for Pakistan ’s defense sector. [4] The NUST also sustains industry-university linkages. [5] The NUST was also recently praised"
0,"When he signed the 2006 Defense Appropriations Act, which included a prohibition against torture of detainees in U.S. custody, President Bush issued a signing statement implying that he could disregard the new prohibition in his capacity as commander in chief.

“The executive branch shall construe [the statute], relating to detainees, in a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the President to supervise the unitary executive branch and as Commander in Chief,” he wrote in the December 30, 20"
0,"Please join the CSIS Economics Program and the Trustee Chair in Chinese Business and Economics for the launch of the next Global Trade Alert report, which explores the recent trends of declining foreign direct investment (FDI) flows worldwide. The Global Trade Alert provides timely information on state interventions taken since November 2008 that are likely to affect global commerce. This report was sponsored by the Hinrich Foundation.

After introductions by Matthew P. Goodman, CSIS Senior Vice President f"
0,"The Justice Department has charged four companies and five individuals for participating in an international network that illegally procured $24 million in controlled goods for the Iranian military and for nuclear end-users. According to a 24-count federal indictment unsealed on April 17, the procurement network conspired to export sensitive American-made electronic components with military applications to Iran via companies in Taiwan and Turkey, in violation of U.S. law. The network allegedly began operati"
1,"Japan has a full fuel cycle set-up, including enrichment and reprocessing of used fuel for recycle.
Japan has been a leading country in nuclear R&D, notably with fast reactors.
Following the Fukushima accident its regulatory structure was completely overhauled.

Despite being the only country to have suffered the devastating effects of nuclear weapons in wartime, with over 100,000 deaths, Japan embraced the peaceful use of nuclear technology to provide a substantial portion of its electricity. See Nuclear P"
1,"Understanding North Korea’s fissile material production capacity is a key factor in assessing risks associated with the North’s ability to expand its nuclear weapons program. While the plutonium production reactors are easy to identify and monitor via satellite imagery, the North’s uranium enrichment activities are much more difficult to discern, with both fewer unique attributes to the facilities and visible indicators of operations.

As production of highly enriched uranium is increasingly the backbone of"
0,"In January 2020, the World Health Organization called the COVID-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern; by March 2020, they had declared the viral disease a pandemic. As an organization focused on upstream prevention of mass violence and atrocities, we very quickly recognized that the massive disruption caused by the pandemic contained similar characteristics to the kinds of “shocks” that can trigger risks for violence. As countries and communities around the world began responding t"
0,"Summary

In both Japan and the United States, there is a growing recognition that national security and alliance security involve more than just military concerns and extend to new technology areas and their economic effects. Looming over the two allies is a wide-ranging question of how to enable greater science and technology (S&T) research collaboration for commercial and defense purposes, involving such fields as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum information science (QIS), cybersecurity, and space ut"
0,"In the fall, more than 600 participants from across Harvard and the national security community convened for a two-day conference focused on building a more diverse and capable United States Intelligence Community (IC). Co-hosted by the Center’s Intelligence and Cyber Projects, the conference took place over two consecutive mornings and served as a kick-off to a year-long initiative focused on highlighting workforce diversity in the IC as a mission critical element to US national security.

Working from the"
1,"Agency team in country to meet senior officials and visit nuclear site

The International Atomic Energy Agency and Japan have agreed on an initial schedule and other arrangements for the implementation of the agency’s multi-year review and monitoring of the safety of the planned release of treated water into the Pacific Ocean from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station.

Japan is expected to start discharging the treated water in 2023 with the first of a series of IAEA preparatory technical onsite revi"
0,"Santee Cooper and Westinghouse have finalised terms of a settlement over ownership of equipment associated with the VC Summer units 2 and 3 nuclear power plant project in South Carolina, abandoned in July 2017. The terms give Santee Cooper full ownership of and the ability to begin marketing all non-nuclear equipment immediately.

Summer unit 2's final containment ring was lifted into place in June 2017 (Image: SCE&G)

Construction of units 2 and 3 at the Summer plant began in March and November 2013, respe"
0,"Remarks at the Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation: “Transparency and the NPT: New Goals and Norms”

Thank you for the invitation to speak today about the need for greater transparency with respect to the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The Wisconsin Project has been focused for some time on the proliferation threat posed by Iran, which is reflected on our Iran Watch website. My remarks today are based on a recent Iran Watch report about transparency under t"
0,"On August 3, 2021, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) announced that the Ethiopian government had suspended part or all of their operations for three months each, effective July 30. Both organizations have a long-standing presence in Ethiopia, with recent activity centered in Tigray, Ethiopia’s northernmost region and the epicenter of a nine-month conflict. Al Maktoum Foundation, a humanitarian organization working in the education sector, was also suspended, but it is un"
0,"Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies (USNC-Tech) - a subsidiary of Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation (USNC) - is providing ""critical support"" to both prime contractors in the first phase of the Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations (DRACO) programme to develop a nuclear thermal propulsion system (NTP) for cislunar operations. USNC-Tech is the only company participating in both tracks of the programme.

The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA's) DRACO programme aims to demonstrate an N"
0,"The nuclear policy community is once again in the grips of pervasive anxiety that U.S. nuclear policy—encompassing force modernization decisions, declaratory policy, and perceptions of adversary nuclear threat and risk—is either about to dramatically change or fail to change as dramatically as it should. In a polarized community characterized by mistrust and a highly politicized discourse, it is not surprising that the public conversation is filled with competing perspectives that seek to ensure that their "
0,"Commercial satellite imagery from July 21 indicates workers at North Korea’s largest container port have used shipping containers to create makeshift barriers between different areas of the dockside. This practice was first observed in April, and since then, two additional walled-in areas have been created. These actions are unusual for port procedures, but could be part of extreme precautions being taken to protect the country against COVID-19. It could also signal that North Korea is preparing for imports"
0,"Through its Environment Laboratories, the IAEA provides about a hundred different certified reference materials that it distributes to over 700 analytical laboratories globally for quality control of equipment, method validation and training. These materials cover analytical areas like stable isotope ratio measurements, radionuclides, trace elements and organic pollutants. Available matrices include dried marine biota tissues (fish, mussels, seaweed etc), marine sediment, chips of marble, ancient wood, stra"
0,"Uranium occurs in a number of different geological environments.
Most Kazakh uranium resources are sedimentary.
Most Canadian resources are unconformity-related.
Most Australian uranium resources are in unconformity-related and iron oxide breccia complex orebodies.

Uranium deposits worldwide are grouped into 15 major types based on their geological setting. Some categories have several sub-types. The most recent geological classification has been defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in "
0,"Namibia has significant uranium mines capable of providing 10% of world mining output.
Its first commercial uranium mine began operating in 1976.
There is strong government support for expanding uranium mining and some interest in using nuclear power.

Uranium was discovered in the Namib Desert in 1928, but was not until intensive exploration got under way in the late 1950s that much interest was shown in Rössing. Rio Tinto discovered numerous uranium occurrences and in 1966 took the rights over the low-gra"
0,"Overview

Signed: 19 November 1990
Entered into Force*: 9 November 1992
Duration: Unlimited.
Depository: The Netherlands
Number of States Parties: 30
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Moldova, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation*, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States.

*On 14 July 2007, Russia announced that it wo"
0,"The Bush Administration rejected a Congressional initiative in 2002 that would have lowered the legal threshold for conducting surveillance of non-US persons under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act from “probable cause” that the target is a terrorist or agent of a foreign power to “reasonable suspicion.”

Administration officials said at the time that the legislative proposal was unnecessary and possibly unconstitutional.

Yet in a speech this week on the NSA domestic surveillance program, Deputy Di"
0,"World leaders have been focused, appropriately, on Covid-19 emergency relief over the past year, turning only more recently to the question of recovery in anticipation of more widespread vaccinations and the arrival, post-Covid, of a “new normal.” But as the world now turns its attention to a variety of recovery initiatives framed largely around the climate action imperative, we must not ignore or brush aside urgent questions of global economic governance and related institutional reform. The current crisis"
0,"Radioactive wastes are stored so as to avoid any chance of radiation exposure to people, or any pollution.
The radioactivity of the wastes decays with time, providing a strong incentive to store high-level waste for about 50 years before disposal.
Disposal of low-level waste is straightforward and can be undertaken safely almost anywhere.
Storage of used fuel is normally under water for at least five years and then often in dry storage.
Deep geological disposal is widely agreed to be the best solution for f"
0,"The electricity generated from nuclear reactors results in small amount of waste and has been managed responsibly since the dawn of civil nuclear power. There are several management strategies in practise, such as direct disposal or reuse in reactors to generate more low-carbon electricity.​

Near the Oskarshamn nuclear power plant in Sweden the CLAB (foreground) facility stores all the used fuel from Sweden’s nuclear power plants, which for decades have provided over 40% of the country's electricity (Image"
0,"Kim Jong Un’s recent retreat from public view fueled intense speculation about his health and what might happen in case of his incapacitation or demise. While this latest episode attracted global attention until Kim’s appearance on May 1, the theme is far from new. In 2017, 38 North published a series of reports that examined key issues and concerns that would stem from instability in North Korea. Given the times, we are reissuing the following report from that series.

All too often discussions of instabil"
0,The Zambian government has reinstated the mining licence for Vancouver-based GoviEx Uranium’s Chirundu property – a move welcomed as part of the African country’s plans to include uranium and clean baseload nuclear power as part of its economic development plans.
0,"Substantial amounts have been invested in energy R&D over the last 50 years. Much of this has been directed at developing nuclear energy – which now supplies 11% of world electricity.
Today, combined investment in energy efficiency, renewables and hydrogen & fuel cells is about twice that of nuclear, but with less to show for it in terms of electricity supply.
Nowhere in the world is nuclear power subsidised per unit of production. In some countries, however, it is taxed because production costs are so low."
0,"How to Address the Intersecting Crises of HIV, Gender Inequality, and Health Security

On December 1, 2014—World AIDS Day—PEPFAR launched a bold initiative called DREAMS—Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe. The goal was to significantly reduce new HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women in the highest-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in Haiti, where they face a far higher risk for new HIV infection—2 to 14 times higher—than their male peers. Despite the urg"
0,"February 10, 2021

This Critical Questions expands on an article originally published

The United States is considering becoming the first state to launch a space nuclear propulsion system under the new national strategy for space nuclear power. According to Space Policy Directive-6, signed by President Donald Trump on December 16, these systems are necessary for exploration because they will help shorten travel time, which helps protect crewed and robotic spacecraft from prolonged exposure to harsh radiati"
0,"Teams led by TerraPower and X-energy have been announced as the recipients of USD160 million in initial funding under the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP). The companies get USD80 million each to build a demonstration plant that can be operational within seven years.

Announcing the awards yesterday, US Energy Secretary Dan Brouillette said: ""These awards are a critical first step of a programme that will strengthen our nation's nuclear energy and technological c"
0,"This piece is part of the CSIS International Security Program’s Transition46 series on Defense360.

The last remaining bilateral arms control treaty between the United States and Russia—the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START)—will now be extended without preconditions for a maximum of five years, ahead of the looming expiration deadline of February 5, 2021. However, any meaningful progress by the new administration on further arms control and nuclear risk reduction measures will require sustaine"
0,"Over half a million people experience lethal violence each year, and over 82 percent of these violent deaths occur in communities, cities, and countries ostensibly at peace. Violence in cities is responsible for a significant proportion of overall lethal violence, and it tends to concentrate among specific people and places. Despite high levels of lethal violence in cities worldwide, evidence shows that these trends can be changed with effective practices for reducing and preventing urban violence. Mobilizi"
0,"Russia amassed more than 100,000 troops on Ukraine's eastern border and in illegally annexed Crimea in April. It billed these provocative movements as snap readiness exercises and eventually announced their withdrawal. To date, however, most of them remain, appearing poised to invade Ukraine. Whether Moscow is preparing for an invasion in earnest, posturing in anticipation of NATO's Defender Europe 21 exercise that began this month, testing the new Biden administration, diverting attention from Russia's dom"
0,"Power company Fortum is entering into close co-operation with its strategic subsidiary Uniper to offer nuclear decommissioning and dismantling services for nuclear companies.

Through this cooperation, Fortum and Uniper combine decades of nuclear experience and a wide variety of competencies which will create world-class value to the customers. The future vision is to become a market leader in Europe.

“Nuclear power plants around Europe are in different phases of the life cycle. At the same time, as new re"
0,"Science, technology and innovation each represent a successively larger category of activities which are highly interdependent but distinct. Science contributes to technology in at least six ways: (1) new knowledge which serves as a direct source of ideas for new technological possibilities; (2) source of tools and techniques for more efficient engineering design and a knowledge base for evaluation of feasibility of designs; (3) research instrumentation, laboratory techniques and analytical methods used in "
0,"Globally and throughout India, cyber-attacks have increased creating concerns about the safety of Indian data targets. As the use of technology spreads, India must ensure awareness of cyber-attacks to minimize any future damage. Additionally, it’s essential that Indian citizens adopt quality cyber hygiene standards to protect the country’s cyberinfrastructure. To supplement their cyber defenses, the United States and India should renew and strengthen the Framework for the U.S.-India Cyber Relationship which"
0,"WASHINGTON, D.C. — The Biden-Harris Administration today submitted to Congress the President’s priorities for Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 discretionary spending. The funding request of $46.1 billion details major investments in key Department of Energy (DOE) efforts to research, develop, and deploy clean energy technologies necessary to reach President Biden’s goals on climate change. These historic investments in American innovation reflect the Administration’s commitment to DOE’s mission to deliver an equitable"
0,"Located in the small town of Narora (Uttar Pradesh), the Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) services the northern power grid of India. The plant consists of two PHWRs, the first of which (Unit-1) began commercial operations on 1 January 1991. Unit-2 followed on 1 July 1992. On 31 May 1993, a major fire occurred when the two steam turbine blades servicing Unit-1 malfunctioned. This, in addition to problems with the PHWR's cabling system, nearly led to a nuclear meltdown. Although NAPS was fully rehabilitated"
0,"“The American approach to the world is profoundly unhistorical” — Zbigniew Brzezinski

In an era of renewed great power competition, technological revolution, and fundamental changes to the pillars of American strategy, the lessons of history for statecraft could not be more important. Policymakers confronting urgent situations with limited time and energy find themselves relying on platitudes about “a new Marshall Plan,” or “Vietnam all over again,” while professional historians have the time and expertise"
0,"India’s Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) said it has received orders from Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) for turbine islands for six nuclear power pressurised heavy water reactor (PHWR) units - four at Gorakhpur NPP in Haryana State and two at Kaiga NPP in Karnataka State.

BHEL said the order for the design, manufacture and supply of the turbine islands, worth INR108 billion ($1.5 billion), is ""the largest in its history.""

In July, NPCIL awarded BHEL a INR14 billion contract to supply t"
0,"Two units at Byron nuclear station could be taken offline for good within weeks

After the Illinois Senate voted to approve an energy package providing millions of dollars in subsidies for the state’s nuclear power plants, Exelon warned that House lawmakers must finalise the deal in less than two weeks to prevent the permanent shutdown of two units at the Byron station, the first of three Exelon facilities lined up for possible closure."
0,"Rep. Adam Smith (D-WA), the likely chair of the House Armed Services Committee in the next Congress, told congressional colleagues that enhancing national security transparency is among his top oversight priorities.

“Together, we have made strides on national security issues but much more must be done to conduct vigorous oversight of the Trump Administration and the Department of Defense,” he wrote in a November 8 letter to House Democrats, declaring his candidacy for HASC chairman.

“Specifically, we must"
0,"In 2018, Russia and China both tested an uncommon type of missile that flew a ballistic trajectory but could be launched from an aircraft. Air-launched ballistic missiles (ALBM) are just one curiosity at a time when many countries are rapidly expanding and upgrading their missile inventories, but the tests raised some understandable questions: Is this a new capability? If a country has ground- and sea-launched ballistic missiles, or air-launched cruise missiles, why does it need an ALBM? What is it for?

Ex"
0,"The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing us to rethink the future of cities. The increase in remote work will impact office footprints, transportation patterns, and consumption habits, while the adoption of AI and the increase in automation will continue to reshape the workforce. While early predictions about the “end of the city” now seem premature, there is no denying that the pandemic has posed significant challenges to urban centers worldwide. The exact impact of the pandemic on cities is difficult to predict. "
0,"Israel has an arsenal of two-stage “Jericho” ballistic missiles which can deliver a nuclear warhead to any point in the Middle East and probably beyond. Israel is pursuing a military satellite program and has deployed several batteries of the Arrow missile defense system to shield against the missiles of its neighbors.

Satellites

In December 2001, it was reported that Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) had completed the production of the newest Ofek spy satellite and that IAI expected to mate the satellite "
0,"A federal indictment unsealed last month provides the latest illustration of the methods used by Iranian procurement agents to illicitly procure U.S.-origin goods for export to Iran. This case details how Iranian citizen Arash Sepehri conspired with individuals and companies operating in Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates, and Iran to send hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of U.S. technology, most with military applications, to Iran between 2010 and 2011. While the U.S. case concerns military-related "
0,"National Implementation Measures (NIM) Programme Director, Dr Sonia Drobysz, presented as a Guest of the Meeting at the third Meetings of Experts (“MX 3”) to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) on Friday 3 September.

The 2020 Meetings of Experts took place from 30 August to 8 September 2021 in Geneva, Switzerland, having been postponed for one year due to pandemic restrictions. As part of the BWC intersessional programme agreed on at the 2017 Meeting of States Parties (MSP), the Meeting of Experts cons"
0,"Summary

One of the key drivers of economic recovery in India will be the efficient movement of capital from inefficient firms to efficient ones. The economic downturn caused by the coronavirus pandemic has been severe, and India’s economy was one of the worst affected in 2020–2021. Though the economy is recovering faster than initial estimates, sustained economic recovery will not take place if stressed businesses cannot restructure their debts properly or if failing firms cannot be resolved efficiently. I"
0,"On December 12-13, 2019, the Stanley Center and La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES), organizers of the Latin American and Caribbean Civil Society Forum for the Prevention of Mass Atrocities, convened the Fifth Workshop of Regional Responses in São Paulo, Brazil.

The workshop brought together 30 participants from civil society organizations, including representatives of international organizations and think tanks, as well as academics, journalists, and officials from te"
0,"As the world moves into the second year of the novel coronavirus pandemic, several different vaccine candidates have been approved and are beginning to be deployed around the world. While many countries, including the United States, have pursued their own bilateral deals to secure access to Covid-19 vaccines, the COVAX Facility, the vaccines arm of the Access to Covid-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator, has mobilized for collective solutions. COVAX is an innovative and collaborative mechanism, negotiating purchase "
0,"Foratom industry group says it ‘finds it hard’ to justify omission

The European Parliament’s regional affairs committee voted on 6 July to adopt a European Commission proposal to set up €40bn Just Transition Fund, which aims to support the bloc’s 108 coal-producing regions in their transition to a low-carbon economy."
0,"Kyrgyzstan has some uranium deposits and has supplied Russia in the past.
It hosts a uranium mill which has been treating Kazakh uranium ore on a toll basis.
It is the focus of remediation work on legacy uranium tailings in central Asia.
In May 2019 the Kyrgyz Supreme Council voted to ban uranium mining and exploration.

Having been annexed by Russia in 1876, Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991. Electricity production in 2018 was 15.5 TWh, of which 92% was from hydr"
0,"As the digital nature of additive manufacturing begins to stress traditional nodes in the nuclear supply chain, the way in which technology, knowledge, and skills are transferred around the world is beginning to shift. As such, the spread of proliferation-sensitive information on digital files threatens to evade detection and thwart export controls. Networks built into commercial systems provide the basis to create an Internet of Nuclear Things, with the ability to maintain custody of sensitive design infor"
0,"South Korean president Moon Jae-in is set to visit Washington this week for a summit with U.S. president Joe Biden on May 21. These critical questions preview what the two leaders are likely to discuss as well as the pressing issues in the U.S.-South Korea relationship.

Q1: What is the setting for this summit?

A1: This is the 10th meeting between President Moon and a U.S. president, and the first with President Biden. President Moon is the second foreign head of state to visit the Biden White House, follo"
1,"A 38 North exclusive with analysis by Frank V. Pabian, Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. and Jack Liu.

Commercial satellite imagery of North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center from August 27 shows that dredging work continues around the probable new secondary cooling system for the 5 MWe reactor. Most notably, some of the dredged-up material was blocking about half of the river channel that serves the new pump house, indicating that the modified cooling system is likely inoperative. The purpose of th"
0,"December 2nd 2020 saw the launch of the VERTIC Webinar Series with a session on ‘Getting into Nuclear Policy’, with guest speakers Dr. Bonnie Jenkins, Marion Messmer and Adina Pintilie.

Spanning policy, technology, law and other disciplines, the nuclear policy field needs people with a variety of expertise: and fast. Our first webinar brought together a panel of experts from different parts of the community at different stages in their careers to provide participants with honest advice, and answer their qu"
0,"Russia's MBIR multipurpose sodium-cooled fast neutron research reactor is now in the installation phase, Rosatom Director General Alexey Likhachov announced yesterday. Likhachov's announcement was made during a working trip to the city of Dimitrovgrad in the Ulyanovsk region to monitor the construction of the reactor, which began at the site of the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (NIIAR) in September 2015.

The MBIR project has moved to the phase of installation work, ""which is in full swing"", Rosatom"
0,"Kazakhstan’s state uranium company Kazatomprom said its revenue increased 54% for the first half of 2021 to 235.5 billion Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT) ($551m) compared to the same time last year, driving a 29% increase in operating profit to 61.3 billion KZT ($143m) and more than a 30% increase in adjusted net profit to 58.1 billion ($136m) KZT."
0,"Uranium development company enCore Energy and integrated uranium exploration and development company Azarga Uranium Corp have announced plans to combine to create a 'top-tier' US in-situ leach (ISL) uranium mining company with multiple assets at various stages of development.

The companies' consolidated assets include two licensed ISL production facilities - Rosita and Kingsville Dome - and multiple potential satellite exploration and development projects in South Texas; the advanced stage Dewey Burdock de"
0,"Becoming Kim Jong Un: A Former CIA Officer’s Insights into North Korea’s Enigmatic Young Dictator
By Jung H. Pak. Ballantine Books, April 28, 2020. 336 pp.

As Jung Pak makes clear in her new book Becoming Kim Jong Un: A Former CIA Officer’s Insights into North Korea’s Enigmatic Young Dictator, besides being a target of ridicule on late-night television shows, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is a legitimate focus of attention for anyone concerned about US policy toward the DPRK. A serious book about Kim is "
0,"The United States has a strong national interest in being part of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) or something like it. The Biden administration has no intention at present to rejoin TPP. If those two statements are true—as I believe they are—then another path to eventual U.S. participation in TPP (or something like it) needs to be found. The White House is reportedly considering the option of pursuing a digital trade agreement with willing Indo-Pacific partners. While this approach has merit, there may"
0,"Finnish utility Fortum and the Swedish branch of Germany-based Uniper have agreed to cooperate on the provision of decommissioning and dismantling services for the nuclear industry, a statement by Fortum said."
0,"If governments have a shot at limiting global warming to the 1.5°C target of the Paris Agreement, managing a global economic transition away from oil will be imperative. Such a shift will require cooperation among the financial and energy sectors, regulatory authorities, and energy industry workers. The economic stakes are high not only for oil asset owners but also for the millions of people living in oil-dependent countries.

While acting on a just transition away from oil is in everybody’s best interest,"
0,"A team of Australian scientists have created a new portable device that can pinpoint the exact location of radiation sources, faster and more accurately than ever before, with potential benefits for the decommissioning of nuclear reactors and other nuclear facilities.

The Coris360, which was designed, developed and is being commercialised by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (Ansto), produces fast, precise and high-quality 360-degree images that identify the location, type and amou"
0,"“Sighs and shouts of anger are everywhere in the market. I can hear the sobbing of those who lost money and those who can’t afford the high prices,” said a reporting partner in North Hamkyung [Hamgyong] Province.” June 16, Asia Press

Kim Jong Un recently brought attention to the country’s poor food situation, but his more immediate and unmentioned concern may be growing confusion in the country’s unusual, partially-dollarized monetary system. North Korean won, US dollars, and Chinese yuan all circulate in "
0,"Switzerland has four nuclear reactors generating up to 40% of its electricity. Two large new units were planned.
In June 2011 parliament resolved not to replace any reactors, and hence to phase out nuclear power gradually, and this was confirmed in a 2017 referendum.

Electricity sector

Total generation (in 2018): 69.1 TWh

Generation mix: hydro 37.8 TWh (55%), nuclear 25.5 TWh (37%), biofuels & waste 3.1 TWh (4%), solar 1.9 TWh (3%), natural gas 0.6 TWh (1%); wind 0.1 TWh.

Import/export balance: 1.6 TWh "
0,"For decades, the aging US nuclear enterprise has continued to crumble despite various efforts to curb the decline, including executive guidance and congressional funding. The system is now further strained by new requirements to build modern nuclear weapons and munitions to provide adequate flexibility in the current and future international security environments. Therefore, there is a dire need to accelerate the backlogged modernization of the US nuclear enterprise. This can be accomplished by utilizing ad"
0,"The UK generates about 20% of its electricity from nuclear, but almost half of current capacity is to be retired by 2025.
The UK has implemented a thorough assessment process for new reactor designs and their siting.
The UK has privatized power generation and liberalized its electricity market, which together make major capital investments problematic.
Construction has commenced on the first of a new generation of nuclear plants.

Electricity sector

Total generation (in 2018): 333 TWh

Generation mix: natu"
0,"The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the provision of essential health services worldwide, including routine immunizations. Yet strengthening immunization programs depends not only on vaccine supply, but also on the development of sustainable, community-driven health systems with primary care at the center. Activities that support the provision of primary health care and immunization services, including data collection, technical assistance, and financing face new challenges in the context of Covid-19, as we"
0,"Security at nuclear facilities is a joint responsibility of national governments and the operators.
To date, no operating civil nuclear facility has been attacked by an armed group.
To date, no cyber-attack on a nuclear reactor’s information and control system has compromised safety.

Nuclear security relates to the prevention and detection of, and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorised access and illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear material and other radioactive substances and th"
0,"* Please note all CISAC events are scheduled using the Pacific Time Zone.

About the Event: According to the Theory of the Nuclear Revolution (TNR), nuclear weapons have stabilized relations between great powers, making deterrence easier than compellence. This view is currently under attack. Recent work has documented Washington’s competitive approach to arms control agreements and the fragility of the nuclear stalemate. However, these critiques have not explained how policymakers could hope to extract coer"
0,"The United States is entering an era of oil and gas abundance. Its new resources will increase U.S. energy security, but they may also undermine climate security—as fossil fuel combustion increases, so too does global warming. Unless Washington enacts a plan to simultaneously advance its competing energy and climate security objectives, it risks squandering the benefits of its new resources and suffering the disastrous effects of climate change.

Key Themes

New technologies have unlocked vast reserves of f"
0,"France's Orano said it has signed contracts with German utilities EnBW, PreussenElektra, RWE and Vattenfall for the return of all the German nuclear waste remaining at its La Hague reprocessing plant. The entry into force of the contracts - worth in total more than EUR1 billion (USD1.2 billion) - is subject to the formal agreement of the German and French governments.

The La Hague site in northern France (Image: Orano)

Between 1977 and 1991, contracts for the treatment of used fuel were signed with the fo"
0,"Lithuania does not possess or produce nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons, or ballistic missiles.

Independent between the two World Wars, Lithuania was annexed by the USSR in 1940. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, a proclamation Moscow did not recognize until September 1991. Vilnius is a member of NATO and the EU, as well as a number of treaties and organizations pertaining to WMD nonproliferation. Lithuania has one nuclear power plant, "
0,"Reports say thorium plant could be deployed in desert regions and ease Beijing’s energy security concerns

Government researchers in China have unveiled their design for a commercial molten salt nuclear reactor that is expected to be the first in the world to not use water for cooling, a report in the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post claimed."
0,"Exelon says if legislation is not passed, first two units will close next week

The Illinois House was scheduled to consider an energy bill on Thursday that could prevent power company Exelon from permanently shutting down six nuclear reactors at three sites, staring in the coming days."
0,"China’s nuclear arsenal appears to be expanding substantially for the first time in years. Over the past few decades, China had maintained only about twenty silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). But recent evidence from independent U.S. experts shows that the country is likely constructing more than 200 new missile silos. China’s current program to modernize and update its nuclear weapons is moving at an unprecedented speed and scale.

This expansion is poised to change China’s traditional"
0,"Sixteen members of Congress have asked President George W. Bush to intervene in the Pentagon’s revision of Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations. In a joint letter published by Representative Ellen Tauscher’s office, the lawmakers object to language that appears to broaden the role of U.S. nuclear weapons. The letter follows my critique of the doctrine in Arms Control Today and a subsequent front-page story in the Washington Post."
0,"Carbon dioxide emissions from the USA's 100 largest power producers fell 10% between 2019 and 2020, according to the latest in a series of benchmarking studies dating back to 1997. Nuclear accounted for over half of the zero-carbon resources which together generated about 38% of US electricity in 2020.

Benchmarking Air Emissions of the 100 Largest Electric Power Producers in the United States is a collaborative effort between non-profit organisation Ceres; Bank of America; power producers Entergy and Exelo"
0,"The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Rafael Mariano Grossi, and the President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Odile Renaud-Basso, on the occasion of the Assembly for “International Chernobyl Cooperation Account” (ICCA) on 27 April 2021 agreed the following:

Having reviewed the support that each organization has provided Ukraine in the past 35 years, and the progress achieved so far, they confirm their continuous support to Ukraine in the com"
0,"Uzbekistan has considerable mineral deposits, including uranium.
It is the world’s seventh-ranking uranium supplier, and is expanding production.
Japanese and Chinese joint ventures are active in uranium development, especially focused on black shales.
Construction of two large Russian reactors is planned.

Uzbekistan was a significant source of Russian uranium supply until independence in 1991. Uranium production until then took place in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, with little regard for nationa"
0,"The first power station to produce electricity by using heat from the splitting of uranium atoms began operating in the 1950s. Today most people are aware of the important contribution nuclear energy makes in providing a significant proportion of the world's low-carbon electricity.
The applications of nuclear technology outside of civil electricity production in power plants are less well-known.
Radioisotopes, nuclear power process heat and non-stationary power reactors have essential uses across multiple s"
0,"The deployment of microreactors in the short-to-medium term could support energy markets not available to large nuclear plants, but some significant challenges must be overcome for them to capture new market shares. In the longer term, they will be able to contribute to decarbonisation efforts. These are amongst the findings of a recently published technical report from the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Idaho National Laboratory.

The report, Global Market Analysis of Microreactors, focuses on future gl"
0,"Presentation by Ray Acheson, Reaching Critical Will of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 2010 National Model United Nations, New York

I have been asked to speak today about the connections between gender and nuclear weapons. This might seem like an unlikely topic, but there are actually a lot of interesting things to say about this.

I’ll start by laying out some of the background material. First, a note on what I mean by gender. I am not talking about men and women. I am not going to"
0,"Production from world uranium mines has in recent years supplied 90% of the requirements of power utilities.
Primary production from mines is supplemented by secondary supplies, formerly most from ex-military material but now the products of recycling and stockpiles built up in times of reduced demand.

All mineral commodity markets tend to be cyclical (i.e. prices rise and fall substantially over the years) but these fluctuations tend to be superimposed on a long-term trend decline in real prices, as techn"
0,"U.S. International Climate Leadership

Rachel Posner Ross
Adjunct Fellow (Non-Resident)
Energy Security and Climate Change Program

The results of this election provide a clear mandate to the incoming Biden-Harris administration to reestablish the United States as a global climate leader. Throughout his campaign, President-elect Biden highlighted climate change as one of his top four priorities and committed to take bold steps to address the climate crisis at home and abroad. And the administration will hav"
0,"What actions should the federal government take “to ensure that our nation can continue to harness the full power of science and technology on behalf of the American people”?

President Biden posed that question and five more specific ones to his Science Advisor Dr. Eric S. Lander.

“My hope is that you, working broadly and transparently with the diverse scientific leadership of American society and engaging the broader American public, will make recommendations to our administration” on how best to structu"
0,"The event will be webcast live from this page.

Brexit and the Covid-19 Pandemic have confronted the Irish Government with new challenges. What impacts have these events left on Ireland's economy? And what implications do they have for the U.S.-Ireland transatlantic trade relationship?

The CSIS Scholl Chair in International Business and the CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program are pleased to host Leo Varadkar, Ireland's Tánaiste and Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment. The discussion will cen"
0,"A new NTI paper, Assessing and Managing the Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear-Weapon Systems, explores the possible applications of AI to nuclear-weapons systems and assesses the benefits, risks, and strategic stability implications.

The paper’s analysis finds that AI in nuclear-weapon systems is neither all good nor all bad and must be considered in the context of the specific application and the geopolitical environment. However, because AI implementation in nuclear-weapon systems "
0,"A 38 North exclusive with analysis by Joseph S. Bermudez Jr.; panorama by Nathan J. Hunt

In May 2015, during field guidance visit from Kim Jong Un, North Korea unveiled a new General Satellite Control Building [1] in Pyongyang, replacing the old General Satellite Control and Command Centre and serving as the central headquarters for the DPRK’s National Aerospace Development Administration (NADA). The newer facility greatly expanded and modernized the North’s ability to track and monitor satellite launches."
0,"In advance of President Trump’s Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), FAS presents the 2018 NPR Resource with a searchable version of the leaked draft NPR, FAS and other expert analysis, and historical context of past NPRs (Obama, Clinton, Bush).

GOVERNMENT SECRECY PROJECT (Dir. Steven Aftergood) Program Activity

There are brand-new entries in Secrecy News, including a look at how a budget law might “neuter” intelligence oversight:

Revisiting the Marshall Plan, and More from CRS

DNI Updates Policy on Classified"
0,"Head of regulator also calls for commercial plants

The Iraqi Authority for the Control of Radioactive Sources has established a committee to start planning the construction of nuclear research reactors, the Iraqi News Agency (INA) said."
0,"Rapid growth in uranium demand will lead to a need for additional mined uranium in the period to 2040 in all scenarios given in the latest edition of World Nuclear Association's fuel report. Projections for nuclear generating capacity growth have been revised upwards for the first time in eight years, following the introduction of more favourable policies in a number of countries.

The report was launched at a panel session at World Nuclear Association Symposium 2019 (Image: World Nuclear Association)

The "
0,"Summary

Democracy is on the defensive globally. Elected governments are struggling to stand up to emboldened authoritarian rivals. The coronavirus pandemic has increased democratic backsliding. Democracies are struggling to address these international challenges in the face of the pandemic and internal pressure from their own aggrieved citizens dissatisfied with progress on issues like economic inequality and racial injustice. Global leadership on democracy issues was absent from the United States while Do"
0,"With a full plate of domestic challenges, President Joe Biden isn’t giving high priority to trade negotiations. At some point, though, his administration almost certainly will consider whether to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). The CPTPP comprises 11 countries formerly associated with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), from which the United States withdrew shortly after then-president Donald Trump took office.

A strong argument can be made for the U"
0,"Yemen. Syria. Iraq. South Sudan. Ukraine. One only needs to look at news reports on these countries to understand that civilians are dying and cities are being destroyed.

The statistics of the dead and the displaced, however, do not account for the personal horror experienced by each individual trapped in these war zones, watching their loved ones and their cities die.

The statistics also do not necessarily account for the experiences of women or girls during and after armed conflict, which usually includ"
0,"Rock phosphate deposits contain many million tonnes of uranium, which may be extracted as a by-product of making fertilisers.
Some 20,000 tonnes of uranium has already been obtained from these rock phosphate deposits, but the process became uneconomic in the 1990s.
Higher uranium prices and process refinements have changed the economic situation.

In addition to the 6.1 million tonnes of uranium in known recoverable resources, there are substantial amounts comprising what is known as 'unconventional resourc"
0,"From 2005 to 2018, the United States reduced its carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector by 12 percent, but the national average masks wide variation in performance across states. Declines in emissions were dramatic in some states; in others, emissions changed little or even grew. What explains this variation? What might policymakers learn from the states reducing emissions?

To answer these questions, the CSIS Energy Security and Climate Change Program investigated state policies that aim to reduce"
0,"The Royal Canadian Military Institute (RCMI) has published an article by FAS’s director of the Nuclear Information Project about how U.S. nuclear planners are preparing for the failure of deterrence by putting new strike plans into operation onboard long-range bombers and strategic submarines. This includes options to strike preemptively with nuclear weapons, if adversaries make preparations to use weapons of mass destruction. Some U.S. lawmakers (see below) recently objected to such a broadening of the rol"
0,"India is in the eye of the energy transition storm. No other country must balance the challenges of implementing so many power sector reforms while expanding energy access to hundreds of millions of people. All of this is happening in a time of unrivaled innovations in energy technologies and rapidly changing business models and economics of energy production and delivery. The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) recently released India Energy Outlook reaffirms this, stating that India is “at the center of g"
0,"New applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are expanding rapidly, while countries all over the world are fiercely competing for the talent necessary to take advantage of these increasingly consequential technologies.1 The United States is still one of the top destinations for AI students and professionals, but it may not stay that way for long. Many countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, among others, are adapting their immigration systems to make it easier for AI experts to study, work, an"
0,"The Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant (PFEP) is a test, research, development, and pilot enrichment facility located above ground in the complex that houses the Fuel Enrichment Plant (FEP) at Natanz. The PFEP, which consists of a cascade hall that can accommodate six cascades (164 centrifuges each), divided into a production area and an R&D area, began operations in 2003. [1] Iran uses the facility to test new centrifuge designs such as the IR-3 and IR-4 and, since February 2010, to further enrich low enriched ur"
0,")

New Zealand is one of the few developed countries not using electricity (indigenous or imported) from nuclear energy.
As hydro-electric potential was progressively utilized, nuclear power featured in national power plans from 1969 to 1976.
Concern about global warming due to carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels, especially coal, coupled with impending electricity shortages in Auckland, put nuclear energy back on the agenda.

New Zealand has depended primarily on hydro-electric power for its"
0,"Status

Currently being discussed in the Conference on Disarmament (CD). Since negotiations have not yet begun, it is unclear if scope of the treaty will include pre-existing stocks of fissile material. States in favor of including stocks tend to call for a Fissile Material Treaty (FMT) while States favoring a ban on production often refer to a Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT). The designation FM(C)T, used by the International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), makes this disagreement explicit. Severa"
0,"The completion of the third and fourth power units at the Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant is ""the future of Ukraine"", Petro Kotin, acting president of Energoatom, said in an interview with Liga-Business at the end of last month. The project places Ukraine alongside other countries in Europe that are experiencing a ""nuclear renaissance"", since France, Poland, Slovakia and Romania are all now considering the further development of nuclear power, he said.

Expansion of the Khmelnitsky plant is part of the Ukra"
0,"The National Security Agency has issued new guidance to assist officials in redacting (censoring) documents in Microsoft Word format and producing unclassified Adobe Portable Document (PDF) files without inadvertently disclosing sensitive information.

“MS Word is used throughout the DoD and the Intelligence Community (IC) for preparing documents, reports, notes, and other formal and informal materials. PDF is often used as the format for downgraded or sanitized documents.”

“There are a number of pitfalls "
0,"ZE PAK, the largest private energy group in Poland, has contracted US company IP3 International to provide consultancy on the implementation of its ambitious nuclear energy plans, the company said."
0,"The Climate Change Media Partnership (CCMP), now in its 15th year, is pleased to announce the latest Call for Applications for journalists interested in covering the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26). The program, led this year by Internews’ Earth Journalism Network (EJN) and the Stanley Center for Peace and Security, aims to bring up to 20 journalists from developing countries to attend and report on the conference in November 2021.

Hosted this year by the United Kingdom"
0,"NTI works with countries and industry on strategies to better secure radiological materials.

Thousands of sites in more than 100 countries house radiological sources. These are usually sealed sources of radiation used to power batteries, industrial gauges or blood irradiation equipment. In what seems a cruel paradox, the very same isotopes used for life-saving blood transfusions and cancer treatments in hospitals also can also be used to build a radiological “dirty bomb.”

Unfortunately, many of these sour"
1,"Foresight (Tokyo)
March 1995

Roughly one month ago, the United States detected the first violation of the nuclear accord that it signed with North Korea last year. Pyongyang seems to have diverted to an unauthorized purpose some of the oil that Washington supplied under the agreement. And to make matters worse, North Korea is still arguing over who will supply the reactors it is scheduled to get under the accord–a point that the Clinton administration thought was settled.

Indeed, the U.S.-DPRK “agreed fra"
0,"Like many of our colleagues, we were shocked and deeply saddened when we heard about the passing of our good friend and colleague, Michael Elleman, on February 20, 2021. With so much hardship and loss over the past year, this news has hit hard for those of us at 38 North.

Our collaboration with Mike started in 2014, when he participated in our working group to assess North Korea’s nuclear and missile capabilities and how they might progress over the next five years. It turned out to be great timing because"
0,"China has become self-sufficient in most aspects of the fuel cycle.
China aims to produce one-third of its uranium domestically, obtain one-third through foreign equity in mines and joint ventures overseas, and to purchase one-third on the open market.
China's two major enrichment plants were built under agreements with Russia but much current capacity is indigenous.
China’s R&D investment in nuclear technologies is very significant, particularly in high-temperature gas-cooled and molten salt-cooled reactor"
0,"Book Review: Kim Jong Un and the Bomb: Survival and Deterrence in North Korea

Kim Jong Un and the Bomb: Survival and Deterrence in North Korea
By Ankit Panda. Oxford University Press, 2020. 416 pp.

Tiring of being told “on the one hand…on the other hand,” US President Harry Truman once expressed his wish for a one-handed economist. A similar wish would be fulfilled by many strategic analysts in Washington today. Ankit Panda, a Stanton Senior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, exempl"
0,"The Covid-19 pandemic has laid bare the threat infectious diseases pose to economic growth, social programs, and political stability, as well as global security. Yet prior to the emergence of Covid-19, global health experts had encouraged a greater focus on pandemic preparedness, noting the roles conflict, poverty, urbanization, climate change, and even anti-science sentiments play in undermining the progress made in addressing vaccine-preventable diseases and anticipating the emergence of new ones. The res"
0,"Paris-based agency calls for work ‘across borders’ on essential technology

Large, scientifically complex technologies such as nuclear power and small modular reactors have an important role to play in achieving net-zero targets, but need direct government investment in the early phases of development, in tandem with action to create more market value, according to a report released on 2 July by the International Energy Agency.

The report assesses the ways in which clean energy innovation can be significan"
0,"With the recent withdrawal of the U.S. military, the U.S.-backed Afghan state has collapsed, leaving a power vacuum for the Taliban to fill. Now, Afghanistan and its people are caught in a tragic crisis. Tens of thousands of Afghans who believed—and worked and fought for—the promise of a modern nation are now in mortal peril and desperate for a way out of their country. Kabul’s airport, currently controlled by U.S. and British forces, has become a de facto camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs). Earli"
0,"Many of the world's nuclear reactors are used for research and training, materials testing, or the production of radioisotopes for medicine and industry. They are basically neutron factories.
These are much smaller than power reactors or those propelling ships, and many are on university campuses.
There are about 220 such reactors operating, in 53 countries.
Some operate with high-enriched uranium fuel, and international efforts have substituted high-assay low-enriched fuel in most of these. Some radioisoto"
0,"IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi assumed office on 3 December 2019.

Mr Grossi is a diplomat with over 35 years of experience in the field of non-proliferation and disarmament. In 2013, he was appointed Ambassador of Argentina to Austria and Argentine Representative to the IAEA and other Vienna-based International Organizations.

In 2019, Mr Grossi acted as President Designate of the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and from 20"
0,"Reappointment of Ri Il Hwan suggests dissatisfaction with his replacement, or a behind-the-scenes power struggle

Image: KCTV | Central Committee secretary Ri Il Hwan (back left) and Central Auditing Commission head Jong Sang Hak (back right) listen to North Korean leader Kim Jong Un speak at the four-day Central Committee meeting in Pyongyang in mid-June

North Korea’s ruling party appointed a new propaganda director in early or mid-June without a formal announcement, the country’s media has revealed.

The"
0,"The Nuclear Decommissioning and Waste Management Summit will take place on 12 and 13 February 2020 in London, UK.

The event, organised by ACI, will bring together industry leaders to discuss opportunities in the nuclear decommissioning sector and to discover the latest technologies and solutions for the storage and management of spent fuel.

Other subjects on the agenda include regulatory issues, transportation and project management.

ACI said the event will provide opportunities to learn from high-profil"
0,"Saskia Brechenmacher: What Will Happen to Women and Girls in Afghanistan?

Saskia Brechenmacher

Saskia Brechenmacher is a PhD candidate at the University of Cambridge and a fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where her research focuses on gender, civil society, and democratic governance.

Over the past several days, analysts have described the Taliban’s rapid takeover of Afghanistan as a massive “intelligence failure.” Yet for many Afghan women’s rights activists, the Taliban’"
1,"IAEA says there have been indications of further testing at Pyongyang light-water reactor

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has suggested the country is pushing ahead with plans for a nuclear energy programme."
0,"Please join the CSIS Global Health Policy Center on Thursday, June 10, from 10:00 a.m. to 11:15 a.m. EDT for an online event to launch a new CSIS report assessing options for strengthening the global community’s commitment to improving services and support for children living with HIV in the Covid-19 era. The first panel, moderated by J. Stephen Morrison, Senior Vice President and Director of the CSIS Global Health Policy Center, will feature a high-level discussion with Charles J. Lyons, President and Chie"
0,"The Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) is a branch of the Islamic State active in Central and South Asia. This piece provides an overview of ISKP, including the group’s history, ideology, organizational structure, tactics, and targets. It concludes with an assessment that ISKP poses a significant threat within Afghanistan and will likely continue to perpetrate attacks against civilians and the new Taliban government—including against high-profile targets. This threat is exacerbated by the withdrawal of "
0,"Reliable atomic and nuclear data are essential ingredients in a wide range of applications, including the design and operation of nuclear power plants, management of nuclear waste, production and uses of radioisotopes, medical dosimetry and diagnostics, the development and applications of lasers and accelerators, fusion energy research, environmental monitoring, plasma processing, materials inspections and nuclear safeguards.

Nuclear structure and decay data describe the lifetimes and decay modes of unstab"
0,"Every month, NK Pro conducts an in-depth analytic review of news on the Korean Peninsula. This Month In Review covers the period of August 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021.

In addition to an executive summary providing top-line findings, the following review includes detailed analysis on a wide range of other specialist focus areas.

Furthermore, it also includes a look ahead at the five events likely to create news in September.

A North Korean woman in Pyongyang | Image: Eric Lafforgue (April 29, 2010)[/p"
0,"India should aim to at least double the present proportion of electricity generated by nuclear power plants by 2030, but should for the time being adopt ""home-grown"" 700 MWe heavy water reactors for its nuclear expansion programme, a parliamentary committee has recommended.

The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment, Forests and Climate Change made these recommendations in its report on the grant requests by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) for 2020-2021 The report was p"
0,"An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) team of experts has completed a nuclear security advisory mission in Belarus, saying the country has demonstrated its strong commitment and continuous efforts to improve its national nuclear security regime.

The scope of the two-week International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS) mission, carried out at the request of Belarus’ government, was to review the national security regime for nuclear material and associated facilities and activities. It incl"
0,"China will play a definitive role in the energy transition, but its national oil companies (NOCs) face an uncertain future as the country reorients its energy strategy. China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec), and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) are central actors in the energy sector, and their investments abroad reinforce China’s geopolitical and trade ambitions. But their evolution depends on policy signals from the government as China"
1,"The Project on Peace and Cooperation in the Asian-Pacific Region has been a cornerstone of research at the Center for International Security and Cooperation for three decades. It supports initiatives on security cooperation and tension reduction in the Asia-Pacific region with special emphasis on China and Korea. Currently, it focuses on Asian nuclear issues and Northeast Asia regional peace issues.

The Project undertakes activities involving scholars and officials from the United States and the countries "
0,"Potable water is in short supply in many parts of the world. Lack of it is set to become a constraint on development in some areas.
Nuclear energy is already being used for desalination, and has the potential for much greater use.
Nuclear desalination is generally very cost-competitive with using fossil fuels. ""Only nuclear reactors are capable of delivering the copious quantities of energy required for large-scale desalination projects"" in the future (IAEA 2015).
As well as desalination of brackish or sea "
0,"Atommash, part of the Volgodonsk branch of AEM Technology, has completed hydraulic tests of the reactor vessel of the MBIR multipurpose sodium-cooled fast neutron research reactor. MBIR is under construction at the site of the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors at Dmitrovgrad, which is in Russia's Ulyanovsk region.

MBIR reactor lid (Image: Rosatom)

Atommash said yesterday that the procedure had involved using a 600-tonne crane to place the reactor vessel in a hydraulic test box. The reactor lid was ins"
0,"Assistant Researcher Anuradha Damale was an invited speaker at The Space Court Foundation’s event on “Competing for Space Superiority? Arms Racing, Rivalry and Hype in Space” on 14 May 2021. The event was organised by The Space Court Foundation, and chaired by Dr. Bleddyn Bowen, an expert in space warfare and astro politics.

Anu was joined by experts in the space community in discussing the ‘hypes’ in space and dispelling them. The panellists were Dr. Alice Gorman, Prof. Chris Newman, Dr. Cameron Hunter an"
0,"Science
October 22, 2004, p. 617

Brazil is planning to commission later this year a uranium enrichment plant that, if configured to do so, could fuel several nuclear weapons annually. As a member of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), Brazil has promised not to make such weapons and is obliged to allow the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to ensure this is the case. But this spring Brazil took the extraordinary step of barring the plant’s doors to the IAEA’s inspectors.

Brazil and the IAEA"
0,"As COVID-19 spreads around the globe, the greatest impact of the pandemic will likely come in countries with poor healthcare infrastructure, such as Venezuela. The virus is exposing shortcomings in the country’s health, water, electrical, and economic systems, which were already under immense pressure due to Venezuela’s ongoing crisis. The effects of the virus are compounded by falling oil prices, which are further deteriorating the country’s crumbling oil industry and worsening a dire humanitarian crisis. "
0,"On 30 December 1997, China and Russia signed a contract to jointly build the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant. The original cost of the project was estimated at US $2.5 billion but the total cost approached US $3.2 billion, with China paying $1.8 billion of this. [1] The first phase installed two Russian VVER-91 1,000 MWe pressurized water reactors and was completed in 2007 with the help of Russian nuclear power equipment exporter Atomstroyexport. Tianwan’s Phase II includes plans for the construction of Units 3"
0,"World Nuclear Association has published a first-of-a-kind Expanded Summary of the latest edition of its biennial nuclear fuel report. The Association is making the summary, which describes the major conclusions of the 2019 edition of the report, freely available.

""The increased projections in all scenarios of The Nuclear Fuel Report reflect the renewed recognition of nuclear generation’s roles, both in meeting the need for a reliable supply and contributing to our clean energy future,"" World Nuclear Associ"
0,"Ten years after the terrorist attacks, five leading experts weigh in on the state of the jihadist movement, U.S. intelligence, and the cost of safety.

It depends on what we mean by safer. If we're asking how likely it is that we'll experience an attack of the magnitude of 9/11, I don't that it's likely. Our awareness of the possibility is so much greater. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the mastermind of the attack, is in custody. Other major players are dead or under arrest. Osama Bin Laden is gone. The drone str"
0,"A critical issue for accelerating nuclear power plant construction is the availability of heavy engineering plants to make the reactor components, especially for those units of more than 1100 MWe.
The supply challenge is not confined to the heavy forgings for reactor pressure vessels, steam turbines and generators, but extends to other engineered components.
As with other generation technologies, supply constraints plus escalating steel and energy prices flow on to plant costs.

When the first- and second-g"
0,"The world is an unequal place and being actively made more unequal by the day. This reality was firmly reflected and critiqued during the UN General Assembly high-level “debate”. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, armed conflict, and the climate crisis, government representatives highlighted inequalities in political economy, digital access, racial justice, and impacts of climate change and the pandemic, as well as in accountability and compliance with international obligations. Many considered "
0,"Key Highlights

An assessment of the past week’s social media environments indicates traditional media reporting by established news sources such as the New York Times and President Donald J. Trump are most influential by audience reach and volume of engagement.
Donald Trump’s false claim suggesting seasonal flu is comparable to COVID-19 in deaths and lethality had incredibly high reach with an audience of approximately 87M. This same tweet had high audience engagement, amounting to 305K people responding t"
0,"Obsolete secrecy procedures and growing political abuse have left the national security classification system in a state of disarray and dysfunction.

Most government agencies “still rely on antiquated information security management practices,” according to a new annual report from the Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO). “These practices have not kept pace with the volume of digital data that agencies create.”

“Agencies are not applying or testing advanced technologies that would enable more pre"
0,The DPRK has invested heavily in tourism outside Pyongyang as it seeks to entice travelers with new experiences
0,"A ten-day operation to anneal the reactor vessel of Armenia's nuclear power unit has been carried out. Restoring the strength of the component increases safety and forms part of a plan to extend its service life.

""We have completed a very important modernisation procedure,"" said Yuri Sviridenko, project manager of the Rosatom team that undertook the work. ""We hope that the result of our joint efforts will further improve the safety of the nuclear power plant and extend its service life until 2026, and in t"
0,"Overview

Signed: 20 January 1992
Entered into Force: 19 February 1992

Treaty Text

Under the Joint Declaration, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) agree not to test, manufacture, produce, receive, possess, store, deploy, or use nuclear weapons; to use nuclear energy solely for peaceful purposes; and not to possess facilities for nuclear reprocessing and uranium enrichment.

Verification and Compliance

According to the Joint Declaration, the two sides will con"
0,"Spain’s fleet of seven commercial nuclear power plants and other radioactive facilities operated safely and guaranteed the radiological protection of workers, the population and the environment in 2020 despite the Covid-19 pandemic, the country’s nuclear regulator said.

The Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) said in its annual report (Spanish only) to the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, that the implementation of prevention and contingency plans in relation to the pandemic enabled the correct functioning of"
0,"Armenia has relied heavily on nuclear power since 1976.
It has one reactor in operation which is undergoing modernisaton to extend its operating lifetime.
Armenia is considering the development of a new nuclear unit.

Electricity sector

Total generation (in 2018): 7.8 TWh

Generation mix: natural gas 3.4 TWh (44%); hydro 2.3 TWh (29%); nuclear 2.1 TWh (27%).

Import/export balance: 1.4 TWh net export

Total consumption: 5.4 TWh

Per capita consumption:

Source: International Energy Agency. Data for year 20"
0,"Supporting multilateral verification of nuclear disarmament

Funder
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

27/01/2012: VERTIC releases briefing paper on ‘ Multilateral verification: Exploring new ideas ‘, by David Cliff and David Keir.
08-09/03/2012: First international experts meeting (Johannesburg, South Africa).
20-21/08/2012: Second international experts meeting (Farnham, United Kingdom).
01/05/2013: Start of Phase II of the project.
25-26/06/2013: Third international experts meeting (Stockholm, Sweden)"
0,"Unit 4 of the Kola nuclear power plant in Murmansk, Russia has successfully completed the fifth cycle of irradiation using ""third generation"" RK-3 fuel designed for VVER-440 reactors. During the planned fuel loading, a televisual inspection of the irradiated fuel was performed with the help of specialised equipment, which showed that, after five irradiation cycles, all RK-3 assemblies had retained their original shape and all the fuel rods were sealed.

""There was no indication of damage to, or moulding of,"
0,"AEM Technology, part of the Atomenergomash engineering subsidiary of Russia's Rosatom, has started manufacturing the reactor pressure vessel for unit 3 of the Akkuyu nuclear power plant. Yesterday's announcement follows a ceremony held on 10 March to mark the pouring of first concrete for the unit at the Akkuyu construction site, which is in the Mersin province of Turkey.

(Image: Rosatom)

""Equipment for Turkey's first Akkuyu nuclear power plant is one of the top priorities in our portfolio of orders,"" Igo"
0,"Distributed ledger technology (DLT)–widely referred to as blockchain technology–has the potential to improve operational efficiencies, data security, and confidentiality of nuclear safeguards information. Previous studies have explored these potential capabilities. Yet, as with any new technology involved in nuclear safeguards, there may be technical, legal, or political barriers that might hinder any deployment of DLT systems for safeguards applications.

The Stanley Center for Peace and Security, the Stim"
0,"Most countries participate in international initiatives designed to limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
The international safeguards system has since 1970 successfully prevented the diversion of fissile materials into weapons. Its scope has been widened to address undeclared nuclear activities.
The IAEA undertakes regular inspections of civil nuclear facilities and audits the movement of nuclear materials through them.
Safeguards are backed by diplomatic and economic measures.

The initial developme"
0,"During the summer build-up to the Paris climate change conference, the Stanley Center hosted a seminar on major climate issues for high school students attending the Global Scholar Program in Washington, DC, conducted by AMP Global Youth. Afterward, these outstanding students and future leaders provided their perspectives on critical climate change issues—viewpoints that mix simple basic realism with broad vision and are worth noting for all of us, now and going forward.

Wake Up
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow

"
1,"A 38 North exclusive with analysis by Peter Makowsky, Frank V. Pabian and Jack Liu

Recent commercial satellite imagery reveals minor activity within North Korea’s Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center complex with no indications of operations at the 5 MWe Reactor or Experimental Light Water Reactor. There are four railroad flatcars present, each configured to carry four-to-five cylindrical containers. Their location and the lack of indicators at the Radiochemical Laboratory suggests that the railcars"
1,"Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) has announced plans for the construction of an undersea tunnel, about 1 kilometre in length, for the discharge of treated water currently stored at the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The tunnel will release the tritiated water into an area of the ocean away from the plant but where no fishing rights are in place.

At the Fukushima Daiichi site, contaminated water is treated by the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS), which removes most of the radioac"
0,"The Nuclear Threat Initiative is seeking a Senior Program Officer to join the NTI | bio team.

NTI is a non-profit whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.

The NTI | bio team’s mission is to reduce biological risk and enhance global biosecurity. We are working toward this goal by: promoting concrete actions to reduce risks posed by advances in biotechnology; identifying gaps in the capacity of individual countries to "
0,"VERTIC congratulates the United Republic of Tanzania on becoming the 183rd State Party to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.

The United Republic of Tanzania deposited its instrument of ratification with the United Kingdom, one of the Convention’s three depositaries on 14 August 2019."
0,"The latest blog in our “ Top Things You Didn’t Know About Energy ” series is brought to you by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

Map by

10. Offshore Wind Resources Are Abundant: Offshore wind has the potential to deliver large amounts of clean, renewable energy to fulfill the electrical needs of cities along U.S. coastlines. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory estimates that the technical resource potential for U.S. offshore wind is more than 2,000 gigawatts of capacity, or 7,200 "
0,"Event set to glorify self-proclaimed victory over U.S.-led imperialism in Korean War amid tough domestic COVID measures

Image: KCNA, July 26, 2021 | Elderly war veterans were shown arriving in Pyongyang over the weekend via an Air Koryo Tupolev Tu-134 Soviet-era plane (tail number P-813)"
0,"On June 22 VERTIC and the NPS Global Foundation hosted the forth online workshop of a series of five within the Project Building Capacity on Multilateral Verification of Nuclear Disarmament.

Such a project focuses on harnessing, developing, supporting and sustaining expertise and capacity on nuclear disarmament verification (NDV) in regions around the world. The fourth online meeting discussed at length the establishment of an NDV hub in Latin America: the papers Adding functionality for NDV to Existing Re"
0,"The New York Times
Week in Review
July 18, 1993

The terms of the punishment forced on Iraq since the Persian Gulf War may be most valuable for what they have taught. Rarely has a country defeated in battle been so laid bare to outside scrutiny. To the victors, the answer to how Iraq gained its power is now dispiritingly clear: it was us – the West, and German companies in particular."
0,"North Korea severed communications with the South, only two weeks after they reopened the hotlines for the first time since June 2020, following heavy criticism from the Kim regime about U.S.-ROK joint military drills in August.

The DPRK continued to issue harshly worded statements during and after the drills, including one that said the exercises reaffirmed the need for the country to develop its “preemptive strike capabilities” — believed to be a euphemism for its nuclear arsenal."
0,"With Senator Chris Van Hollen and Ambassador of the Republic of Sudan to the U.S., Nureldin Satti

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Africa Program will webcast a conversation with U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen and Ambassador of the Republic of Sudan to the U.S., Nureldin Satti to discuss Sudan’s political transition and the role of the U.S. in supporting Sudan’s economic revival, peace process, and contributions to regional security. The conversation will be moderated by CSIS, Direc"
0,"By Hans M. Kristensen

After a transparency hiatus of four years, the Obama administration has declassified the size of its nuclear weapons stockpile: 4,804 warheads as of September 2013.

The new stockpile size is 309 warheads fewer than the 5,113 warheads that the administration in 2010 reported were in the stockpile as of September 2009.

The new number of 4,804 warheads is 154 warheads more than Norris and I have in our latest Nuclear Notebook, in which we estimated a stockpile of 4,650 warheads. That e"
0,North Korean leader's appearance raises questions about his absence from other recent political events
0,"U.S. Department of Commerce
Bureau of Industry and Security
Regulatory Policy Division
Room H2705
14th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20230

RE: Comments on Proposed Rule – Authorization to Impose License Requirements for Exports or Reexports to Entities Acting Contrary to the National Security or Foreign Policy Interests of the United States

Dear Sir or Madam,

The Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control submits the following comments in response to the Bureau of Industry and Security"
0,"Founded in 2000, the National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM) administers several Pakistani defense development programs, including the National Defense Complex (NDC) and the Air Weapons Complex (AWC). [3] NESCOM oversees a total staff of 16,000 employees and its overarching mission is to promote Pakistani “proficiencies in nuclear and ballistic missile development and production” with a “focus on developing conventional military hardware for the Pakistani military and export markets.” [4,5] "
0,"The three-way Joint Venture Inkai was created on 15 July 1995 between two Canadian companies, Uranerz and Cameco, and KATEP to exploit the Inkay (Inkai) and Mynkuduk deposits. The two Canadian companies agreed to invest a total of $Can 40 million ($29.4 million as of 15 August 1995). [1] Under the joint venture agreement, Uranerz agreed to take responsibility for mining operations and KATEP agreed to handle the export business, using Uranerz and Cameco as marketing agents. The JV was built on a 1993 marketi"
0,"Jeffrey Antol, Director of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Ministry of State, and Hua Liu, IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Technical Cooperation, signed Palau’s Country Programme Framework (CPF) for the period of 2022–2027 on 14 September, 2021. A CPF is the frame of reference for the medium-term planning of technical cooperation between a Member State and the IAEA and identifies priority areas where the transfer of nuclear technology and technical cooperation resources w"
0,"Electron beam technology is being used to treat medical wastewater in China for the first time. It is safer and cleaner than traditional methods as well as more effective at removing organic molecules such as viruses and antibiotics, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said.

A worker operates the electron beam system (Image: CGN)

""This is the first pilot-scale - 400 cubic metres per day - demonstration of electron beam technology for medical wastewater treatment,"" said Shijun He, a professor at "
0,"The use of environmental tracers and isotope hydrology techniques help to characterise ground and surface water resources.
The use of nuclear technologies has helped to improve the management of water resources across many countries worldwide.

The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to their multiple applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology).

Environmental tracers

Radioactive tracers (or ra"
0,"Gender Champions in Nuclear Policy (GCNP) increased its membership by 50 percent in its second year, bring to 64 the number of organizations connected to global nuclear policy that have committed to breaking down gender barriers and making gender equity a working reality.

Founded in November 2018 by NTI Vice President Laura Holgate and Michelle Dover of the Ploughshares Fund, GCNP added 22 organizations since November 2019, expanding the initiative’s global reach across the United States, the United Kingdo"
0,"A conference on geological repositories to be held between 8 and 11 November in Helsinki, Finland, will bring together decision makers from countries advancing programmes for deep geological repositories.

The sixth International Conference on Geological Repositories (ICGR), co-organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, the Finnish ministry of economy and employment and the Finnish Nuclear Association, will show progress made in developing geological repositories in the last two decades and discuss inform"
0,"The DPRK is awash with attractions, but not all tourist sites are created equal

Image: Eric Lafforgue | A North Korean official sleeps at a church in Pyongyang (Sept. 7, 2008)"
0,"Energoatom of Ukraine will explore the possible deployment of NuScale small modular reactors (SMRs) to replace fossil fuel plants, according to a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed by the companies. It is the latest in a series of agreements on energy signed during the visit of a Ukrainian delegation to the USA.

The signing of the MoU by NuScale CEO John Hopkins (left) and Petro Kotin, acting president of Energoatom (right) was overseen by Ukrainian energy minister Herman Halushchenko (Image: NuScale"
0,"Further to the IAEA’s COVID-19 response, the Zoonotic Disease Integrated Action (ZODIAC) initiative was established in June 2020 to help countries prevent pandemics caused by bacteria, parasites, fungi or viruses that originate in animals and can be transmitted to humans. Using a systematic and integrated approach, ZODIAC will strengthen the preparedness and capabilities of Member States to rapidly detect and timely respond to outbreaks of such diseases.

Under ZODIAC, veterinary and public health officials"
0,"The proliferation of counterspace weapons across the globe often calls into question what can be done to best protect satellites from attack. This analysis from the CSIS Aerospace Security Project addresses different methods and technologies that can be used by the United States government, and others, to deter adversaries from attack. A wide range of active and passive defenses are available to protect space systems and the ground infrastructure they depend upon from different types of threats. This report"
0,"Although Israel has the biggest nuclear weapon and ballistic program in the Middle East, and is included on virtually every export control warning list, it is now being allowed to import almost everything it needs to keep its weapon programs going.

The reason, Western officials tell the Risk Report, is that Israel’s close relation to the United States has created a virtual taboo against mentioning Israel at meetings of the international export control regimes (the Nuclear Suppliers Group-NSG, the Australia"
0,"No new instances of illicit procurement by Iran have been confirmed over the past year, according to a June 2 report by the U.N. Panel of Experts. According to the Panel, this lack of reporting “could reflect a general reduction of procurement activities by the Iranian side or a political decision by some Member States to refrain from reporting to avoid any possible negative impact on ongoing negotiations” with Iran.

Still, the report described several confirmed cases of procurement and attempted procureme"
1,"Introduction

North Korea conducted its fifth nuclear weapons test in September 2016, which was its strongest to date.
At the same time, operations continue at the Yongbyon Nuclear Research Center, North Korea’s primary fissile material production facility. Pyongyang is producing both plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) at Yongbyon, and is expanding operations there. Pyongyang is also enhancing its ballistic missile capability, and is in the final stages of developing an intercontinental ballistic m"
0,"If Chinese loans were cigarettes, Sri Lanka’s Hambantota Port would be the cancerous lung on the warning label. Some observers have pointed to the underperforming port and alleged that China is using “debt trap diplomacy,” loading countries up with loans and seizing strategic assets after they cannot repay. Others have argued that Sri Lanka, not China, is responsible for its debt woes. The debate is important for understanding the risks lurking in China’s Belt and Road Initiative, especially as the pandemic"
0,"The ADE was established in January 1959. During the 1960s, the ADE was tasked with the acquisition of equipment for the Indian Air Force. By the 1970s and 1980s, the ADE's activities expanded to include research and development in the areas of ""flight simulation,"" development of ""air-launched, expendable target aircraft systems, pilot training simulators, re-usable rocket pods, head-up displays, electro-optic sensors for aircraft, flight control system (FCS) evaluation, GFRP composite radome technology, unm"
1,"By

A new report from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on North Korea reveals ongoing uranium enrichment at its Yongbyon facility and continuing progress toward construction of an experimental light-water reactor (LWR). North Korea’s five-megawatt, gas-graphite reactor remains inactive, however; and there are no signs that plutonium reprocessing occurred within the last year, the agency’s Sept. 3 report finds.

Although the agency notes that, without inspector access to North Korea’s nuclear fa"
0,"Last spring the outlook was dire for oil exporting states. Just as the Covid-19 crisis was growing, Saudi Arabia and Russia entered a brief but painful price war that left no one at the helm of the oil market for a crucial month. As people around the world settled into working from home and shunned air travel, the oil demand outlook darkened. Inventories climbed and threatened to create a lengthy market glut. It was the worst of times for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its "
0,"Living with the Taliban involves major risks and uncertainties, and it will be more than difficult even if it proves successful. No one can dismiss the risk that the Taliban will emerge as a hardline extremist state and/or use, or at the very least, tolerate some form of terrorism. Any form of cooperation will mean accepting a substantial amount of the Taliban’s restrictions on human rights and authoritarianism. It will also involve dealing with a movement that operates with such different – and unpredictab"
0,"The proliferation of counterspace weapons across the globe often calls into question what can be done to best protect satellites from attack. This analysis from the CSIS Aerospace Security Project addresses different methods and technologies that can be used by the United States government, and others, to deter adversaries from attack. A wide range of active and passive defenses are available to protect space systems and the ground infrastructure they depend upon from different types of threats. This report"
0,"The Defense Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL) is India's premier missile facility. India's Ministry of Defence initially constituted the Special Weapons Development Team in 1958 to undertake the development of first-generation anti-tank missiles. In 1961, the group was expanded to form the DRDL. Although the DRDL was initially located on the campus of the Delhi Science Centre, it was shifted to Hyderabad in 1962. In the 1960's, the DRDL was tasked with the design and development of an anti-tank missi"
0,"The Czech Republic has six nuclear reactors generating about one-third of its electricity.
Its first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in 1985.
Government commitment to the future of nuclear energy is strong, and was reaffirmed in mid-2015 energy policy.
Policy calls for a substantial increase in nuclear capacity by 2040.

Electricity sector

Total generation (in 2018): 88.0 TWh

Generation mix: coal 43.6 TWh (50%); nuclear 29.9 TWh (34%); biofuels & waste 4.9 TWh (6%); natural gas 3.8 TWh (4"
0,"Setting appropriate policies for economic growth tops the agendas of most national leaders. From the European Union’s Digital Single Market to China’s most recent five-year plan, and various other such broad outlines, governments across the world are trying to enact public policy that spurs economic growth. But what is the role of innovation and of intellectual property (IP) in driving economic growth?

Economists have long articulated the critical role of technological innovation in driving economic growth"
0,"A recently unsealed indictment provides detail on Iran’s use of deceptive practices to procure export controlled items with military applications from the United States and elsewhere. The indictment details an elaborate, multi-year conspiracy directed by an Iranian-born Canadian to procure such items for an Iranian firm, with help from co-conspirators in China, Portugal, and Turkey.​

Using a network of agents and front companies, the conspirators were able to falsify shipping documents and mislead U.S. man"
0,"Collective Action to Develop New Sourcing Opportunities

This report is the fourth in a series that the CSIS Human Rights Initiative has produced identifying strategies for businesses, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and multilateral organizations to coordinate and address forced labor linked to China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). The XUAR produces around a fifth of the world’s cotton and is its largest exporter of textiles and apparel. Due to repressive government programs transfe"
0,"The new budget law that keeps the government open for the next three weeks includes a provision that would permit the transfer and spending of intelligence funds during that period without congressional authorization or approval.

“This language is troublesome for the [Senate intelligence] committee because it would authorize the intelligence community to spend funds ‘notwithstanding’ the law that requires prior authorization by the Senate Intelligence Committee or by the House Intelligence Committee,” said"
0,"About 30 countries are considering, planning or starting nuclear power programmes.
These range from sophisticated economies to developing nations.
Belarus, Bangladesh and Turkey are all constructing their first nuclear power plants.

About 30 countries are considering, planning or starting nuclear power programmes, and a further 20 or so countries have at some point expressed an interest. In the following list, links are provided for those countries that are covered by specific country pages:

In Europe: Al"
0,"Taiwan has three operable nuclear power reactors, which account for about 10% of the island's electricity generation.
Two advanced reactors were under construction, but this project was cancelled.
Existing nuclear power is considerably cheaper than the alternatives.
The Democratic Progressive Party elected in January 2016 has a policy of phasing out nuclear power by 2025.
A November 2018 referendum showed 59% support for continued use of nuclear power.

Electricity sector

Total generation (in 2018): 276 TW"
0,"Originally a research branch of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), but now a separate entity under the Strategic Plans Division (SPD), the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Organization (SUPARCO) is Pakistan’s civilian space agency. [3]

Analysts credit SUPARCO with Pakistan’s first ventures into solid-fueled ballistic missiles – specifically, the modification of French sounding rockets to produce the short-range Hatf-1 and Hatf-2 missiles. [4]

In June 1991, the Bush Administration imposed mis"
0,"On 29 and 30 July 2019, the VM Programme hosted a workshop on building capacity for nuclear disarmament verification in Pretoria, South Africa.

Co-hosted with the Centre for Applied Radiation Science and Technology (CARST), the workshop aimed to discuss and debate the potential role of South African scientists and technical experts in the development and strengthening of practical and effective nuclear disarmament verification measures for the achievement and maintenance of a world without nuclear weapons."
0,"Companies say they are preparing to move forward with regulatory process

GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy announced that Synthos Green Energy, a member of Poland-based Synthos Group, has begun discussions with Poland’s National Atomic Energy Agency (PAA) about a potential BWRX-300 small modular reactor project."
0,"A new 3-D scanning device that has been tested in Russia will cut down the time taken to verify that heavy steel components are shaped exactly according to design. It ""makes it possible ... to take a large step towards Industry 4.0 measurement at our plant,"" said Andrey Kuntysh of Atommash's Petrozavodskmash factory.

The new 3-D scanner in action (Image: Atommash)

Atommash is part of AEM-Technology, which is a unit of Atomenergomash, Rosatom's power engineering subsidiary. The Petrozavodskmash plant is ca"
0,"Existing nuclear power plants are going to be needed in the Biden administration’s ambitious effort to hit goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, White House national climate adviser Gina McCarthy said.

“In many areas continuation of the existing nuclear, as long as it’s environmentally sound and it’s permitted, is going to be absolutely essential” because it will provide time to develop renewable energy into a bigger part of the energy mix, Ms McCarthy said at a Columbia University Center on Global Ene"
1,"A New Look at the North Korean Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Our project partners at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (CNS) are systematically examining available open sources on the North Korean nuclear fuel cycle to provide a new baseline assessment of DPRK nuclear infrastructure.

VERTIC are using fuel cycle modelling software, provided by the UK’s National Nuclear Laboratory, to estimate present and historical fissile material production based on the inputs provided by CNS.

Our proje"
0,"Just a small group of nationally-ranked universities are awarded the majority of federal research funding. In 2018, a study found that out of more than 600 colleges and universities that received federal funding for science and engineering research, about 22 percent received over 90 percent of the funds. The equity and accessibility of these funds was the focus of this week’s Senate Appropriations Committee hearing held to discuss the budget that could be allotted to the National Science Foundation (NSF) in"
1,"*Note: Defector Kim Tae Ho claims there is a milling facility called the ""Unjŏn-kun April Industrial Enterprise."" Unjon-kun is adjacent to P'akch'ŏn-kun, and this is almost certainly the same facility.

This is essentially a uranium milling facility, but originally it processed graphite, phosphate, and other substances. In 1982, it was modified to produce uranium concentrate. Most of the uranium ore processed here has came from the Sunch'ŏn Uranium Mine, but there are reports that this milling facility has "
0,"This week, the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) submitted a public comment urging the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to withdraw its proposed rule that would expand the amount of highly personal biometric data collected from prospective immigrants, their families, and their employers.

On September 11, 2020, DHS issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) that would increase the range of biometric data the agency would collect from those applying for immigration and naturalization services. "
0,"Together with the Auschwitz Institute for the Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities and La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES), the Stanley Center convenes an interactive dialogue with the UN Special Advisor on the Responsibility to Protect, members of the Latin American and Caribbean Forum of Civil Society for the Prevention of Mass Atrocities, and the Latin America Network for the Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities.

The Special Advisor, Dr. Karen Smith, sha"
0,"The Department of Defense must explain by early next year how it is going to meet its obligations to declassify a growing backlog of classified records, Congress said this week.

A provision (sect. 1759) in the new House-Senate conference version of the FY2020 national defense authorization act requires the Pentagon to prepare a report including:

* a plan to achieve legally mandated historical declassification requirements and reduce backlogs;

* a plan to incorporate new technologies, such as artificial i"
0,"Overview

Declared: 25 September 1992
Entered into Force

Resources

Background

A comprehensive study conducted in 1976 in accordance with the Resolution 3261 F of the UN General Assembly in 1974, provided for the possibility of a single-State nuclear-weapon-free zone (SS-NWFZ). The study concluded that “obligations relating to the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones may be assumed not only by groups of States, including entire continents or large geographical regions, but also by small groups of St"
0,"Twelve miles per gallon. While that might not seem very high, it’s double the fuel efficiency of typical heavy-duty tractor-trailers -- also known as Class 8 trucks -- which haul about 80 percent of the nation’s goods.

This improved fuel efficiency is a big breakthrough for the Energy Department’s SuperTruck initiative, which aims to boost freight efficiency by 50 percent compared to a baseline vehicle. One SuperTruck partner, Daimler Trucks North America, recently shattered this goal with their Freightlin"
0,"A project to remove the last remaining batch of unirradiated highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuel from Kazakhstan has been completed in a joint effort by Kazakhstan and the USA, the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) has announced. The two nations have also signed a new joint statement reaffirming their intention to continue to work together to support the common goal of minimising nuclear proliferation, ensuring nuclear security and strengthening the nuclear non-prolife"
0,"Overview

Opened for Signature: 6 August 1985
Entered into Force: 11 December 1986
Duration: Treaty is of a permanent nature and shall remain in force indefinitely.
Organs: Consultative Committee, Director

Resources

Treaty Text

Membership

13 full members ─ Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu. Of the five nuclear-weapon states, France and the United Kingdom have ratified all three protocols while Russia and Ch"
0,"Today, World Nuclear Association launched the 2021 edition of The Nuclear Fuel Report, concluding that the positive trend in nuclear generating capacity projections that began in the previous (2019) report continues. In the period, two newcomer countries – Belarus and the United Arab Emirates – connected their first reactors to the grid; further reactors were commissioned in China, India, Pakistan and Russia; construction of new reactors was launched in China, Iran and Turkey; and many other countries are c"
1,"North Korea appears to have taken steps to conceal upgrades to an uranium-enrichment plant from spy satellites, as it reopens communications with South Korea’s pro-engagement president, Moon Jae-in.

Satellite imagery shows that previously reported construction in an area at the Yongbyon uranium enrichment plant has been covered to hide details of the building’s layout, the U.S.-based 38 North website said in a post on its website. It added that although there may be several reasons for the expansion, one o"
0,"North Korean leader’s remarks at politburo meeting underscore litany of challenges country faces as a result of lockdown

Image: Rodong Sinmun, Sept. 3, 2021 | Kim Jong Un speaking from the podium during the 3rd Enlarged Meeting of the Political Bureau of the 8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea"
0,"Funder

Project updates
20/03/2012: Funds released for final paper.
17/12/2012: Review meeting held in London to consider draft paper.
17/05/2013: Final paper released: Iran’s nuclear fuel cycle: a technical outline

Background
In 2006 and 2007, VERTIC was engaged in a Track-2 exercise with senior Iranian officials as well as officials from the so-called EU-3. This project has since been on hold, with funding held in place. We now have agreement from the funder to use the remaining funds with a view of clos"
0,"By Hans M. Kristensen

The first public release of New START aggregate numbers since the United States and Russia in February extended the agreement for five years shows the treaty continues to limit the two nuclear powers strategic offensive nuclear forces.

Continued adherence to the New START limits is one of the few positive signs in the otherwise frosty relations between the two countries.

The ten years of aggregate data published so far looks like this:

Combined Forces

The latest set of this data s"
0,"Uzbekistan’s nuclear power programme benefits from strong governmental support and shows a clear commitment to safety, security and non-proliferation, an International Atomic Energy Agency team said after ending a 12-day mission to the country to review its development of infrastructure for a nuclear power programme.

The agency’s integrated nuclear infrastructure review (INIR) was carried out at the invitation of the government of Uzbekistan.

The team added that Uzbekistan has made significant progress in"
1,"The Yongbyon Nuclear Research Center was established following the conclusion of two atomic energy agreements signed by North Korea and the USSR in late 1950s. Construction of the center began in 1961 and was completed in 1964. Soviet specialists assisted in the Yongbyon Nuclear Research Center's construction and initial operation, and the center's total start-up costs were reportedly about $500 million (in 1962 U.S. dollars). The center received an IRT-2000 research reactor from the Soviet Union in 1965, a"
0,"The Israeli government established the Science Corps, precursor to Rafael, in 1948 as a research and design lab for the Israel Defense Forces. The Science Corps was reorganized in 1958, at which time it became an autonomous company with the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and took on the name Rafael. [2] Due to its close relationship with the MOD, Rafael has been and remains involved in the research, design, and production of many innovative national defense technologies.

Production

Rafael produces cruise missi"
0,"Record U.S. penalties imposed on ZTE may not be enough to deter the Chinese telecom giant and others from violating Iran sanctions

Over a period of six years, Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation (ZTE), China’s largest publicly traded telecommunications manufacturer and the fourth largest in the world,engaged in a scheme to ship more than 20 million U.S.-origin items to Iran. ZTE used multiple avenues to evade U.S. sanctions and export control regulations, including establishing shell compani"
0,"Nuclear reactors have played a key role in many countries in ensuring that electricity supplies are maintained during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Reactor operators have taken steps to protect their workforce and have implemented business continuity plans to ensure the continuing function of key business activities where appropriate.
Operations have at times been temporarily halted at some facilities, where necessary or deemed appropriate, to prevent the spread of the virus and protect workers.
Nuclear technologi"
0,"The South Korean ruling party’s leading presidential candidate for 2022, Lee Jae-myung, revealed his comprehensive views on the country’s North Korea and foreign policy in a Facebook post on Sunday.

Lee of the Democratic Party vowed to continue much of the incumbent Moon Jae-in administration’s pro-engagement North Korea policy and to play a “mediator” role as a stakeholder on Korean Peninsula issues, while appearing to address frequent points of criticism the Moon administration received in the past few y"
0,"Report warns of reactor retirements but says SMRs could come online in 2020s

Nuclear generation capacity in the UK could reach almost 19 GW by 2050 – up from about 9-10 GW today – with the development of the country’s first small modular reactors and the potential use of nuclear energy to produce hydrogen by electrolysis, a report by grid operator National Grid ESO says."
0,"The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will host a major conference on animal production and health, looking at developments in methods to diagnose and prevent animal- and zoonotic diseases and to improve animal feeding and breeding practices. The International Symposium on Sustainable Animal Production and Health – Current Status and Way Forward, jointly organized with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), will take place virtually from 28 June – 2 July 2021.

The event "
0,"Afghan women have carved out a tentative place in the country’s economy, but their progress remains vulnerable—especially in the wake of the Taliban takeover.

Over the last decade, female participation in Afghanistan’s labor force has climbed steadily, from around 15 percent in 2009 to nearly 22 percent in 2019. This increase corresponded with growing public support for women in the workplace. A poll conducted by the Asia Foundation in 2019 revealed that 76 percent of Afghans agreed that women should be al"
0,"Gas Line is a quarterly publication that looks at major news stories in global gas—ranging from project development to markets and geopolitics. My goal is not to cover every story but to draw connections between stories across time and space in order to shed light on the major themes that will drive global gas markets in the years ahead. My main takeaways from this quarter:

Qatar Finally Makes Its Big Move

The bottom line: Qatar has moved ahead with the first phase of an expansion project that will sustai"
0,"Brazil is trying to buy a sintering furnace for its nuclear submarine program, U.S. and industry officials say. The special projects branch of Brazilian navy, COPESP, wants to use the furnace to make uranium fuel pellets for the submarine’s reactor.

The sale ran into opposition last month in the Subgroup on Nuclear Export Controls (SNEC), a U.S. interagency group that handles sensitive applications for nuclear export licenses. The Pentagon opposed the sale, but the Commerce Department favored approval and "
0,"The primary deterrence challenge facing the United States today is preventing aggression and escalation in limited conventional conflicts with a nuclear-armed adversary. It is a difficult conceptual and practical challenge for both conventional and nuclear strategy—but existing Pentagon strategy development processes are not equipped to integrate these tools to meet the challenge.

At the conceptual level, two strategy documents guide U.S. deterrence policy. The 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) describe"
0,"The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a five-hour flight southwest of Hawaii, deep in the Pacific Ocean. With over a thousand islands spread out across 24 coral atolls, the country averages 2 meters, or 6 feet, above sea level. This June, officials from the US Federal Emergency Management Agency arrived to assist the northern atolls with a prolonged drought, only to be stranded when storms flooded the airport in Majuro, the capital.

Foreign Minister Tony de Brum’s response was, “Welcome to climate change"
0,"Rosatom and a subsidiary of Kaz Minerals have signed for power supply to the new Baimskaya copper mining project in the Chukotka region of eastern Siberia. Rosatom proposes to use three floating nuclear power plants each employing a pair of the new 55 MWe RITM-200M reactors, a version of which is in service powering icebreakers. A fourth unit would be held in reserve for use during repair or refuelling. The first reactors are already under construction by Atomenergomash. The companies said that they would c"
0,"Read the full paper here.

A new NTI paper, The IAEA’s Safeguards System as the Non-Proliferation Treaty’s Verification Mechanism, explores the creation, evolution, and future of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) nuclear safeguards, the system that underpins the basic foundations of the global nuclear nonproliferation regime. Authors John Carlson, Vladimir Kuchinov, and Thomas Shea, writing as the world marks the 50th anniversary of the entry into force of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty ("
0,"India's Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has approved the start of excavation work at Gorakhpur for the construction of two 700 MWe pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs). Construction will start on the first unit in 2019, Minister of State Jitendra Singh told the Indian parliament yesterday.

In a written response to questions, Singh said the AERB had ""recently"" granted clearance for excavation at Gorakhpur, in Haryana, where site preparation work is already under way. First concrete is expected to "
0,"Love of athletics goes beyond national pride, with the country most passionate for the beautiful game"
0,"Electricity storage on a large scale has become a major focus of attention as intermittent renewable energy has become more prevalent.
Pumped storage is well established. Other megawatt-scale technologies are being developed. These can provide dispatchable capacity as required by demand.
The storage to complement intermittent renewables if they are to replace base-load capacity must be able to meet demand over many days, not simply hours.
At household level, behind the meter, battery storage is being promot"
0,"A from U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin outlines core tenets to guide how the Department of Defense acts in space, which may forecast the direction in which the secretary wishes to take the department. While the new guidance reaffirms points included in the 2020 Defense Space Strategy under former president Donald Trump, such as calling for responsible behavior and attention to safety, Austin’s memo adds four key tenets to U.S. space policy:

operating with due regard to others,
limiting long-lasting "
0,"Brush up on your distributed wind knowledge! The following are some key points and fun facts about the U.S. distributed wind market. This article is part of the Energy.gov series highlighting the “ Top Things You Didn’t Know About Energy.”

10. Distributed wind power is used at or near where it is generated, as opposed to wind power from wholesale generation, where power is sent to consumers via transmission lines and substations. Employed by households, schools, farms, industrial facilities, and distribute"
0,"The nuclear energy sector is becoming more important to Russia as a tool of international power, attracting funds and investments for new infrastructure and R&D projects around the world. It’s not hard to see why, with the global market in the nuclear generation sector alone worth about $300bn and growing at 4% a year."
0,"Over the first half of 2020, policy action–through health mandates and economic support–have been critical to supporting individual behaviors that have reduced infections and saved lives. In terms of climate action, this experience has shown that impact from choices made by individuals alone cannot bring about fundamental change without changing the systems and infrastructure which undergird our current ways of life, which are designed by policy.

At the same time, social disruption has allowed people the s"
0,"With tourism to North Korea frozen after a record-breaking year, some believe visits won't be possible until 2021"
0,"Slovakia has four nuclear reactors generating half of its electricity and two more under construction.
Slovakia's first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in 1972.
Government commitment to the future of nuclear energy is strong.

Electricity sector

Total generation (in 2018): 27.0 TWh

Generation mix: Nuclear 14.8 TWh (53%), hydro 3.9 TWh (14%), coal 3.6 TWh (13%), natural gas 1.9 TWh (7%), biofuels and waste 1.6 TWh (6%), solar 0.6 TWh (2%), oil 0.5 TWh (2%)

Import/export balance: 3.7 TWh n"
0,"The Biden administration has made clear its intention to put human rights at the center of its foreign policy agenda. Already it has taken a strong stance on what the administration has declared a genocide in Xinjiang, China, taking innovative steps to block imports from the region and adding additional Chinese companies to the Department of Commerce’s list of companies prohibited from receiving certain U.S. exports. The Treasury Department has expanded the use of Global Magnitsky Act sanctions on human rig"
0,"Key Highlights

mundo.sputniknews.com.
The news of a possible adverse reaction to the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine resulted in a spike of social media activity. The vaccine is one of the most high profile in development, making any significant news story about it a hot topic on social media. Because it was all but guaranteed that discussion about the vaccine online would explode, hiding malware in articles about the day’s hottest topic brings significant vulnerability to unwitting readers.
Analysis detected m"
0,"VICE PRESIDENT, Global Biological Policy and Programs (NTI | bio)

An exciting leadership role is opening at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) – we are seeking a Vice President to lead our Global Biological Policy and Programs (NTI | bio).

NTI is a non-profit whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic solutions to nuclear and biological threats imperiling humanity.

The NTI | bio team’s mission is to reduce biological risk and enhance global biosecurity. We are working toward this "
0,"DNA Screening Mechanism Technical Consultant, Biosecurity Innovation and Risk Reduction Initiative

The Nuclear Threat Initiative is seeking consultant(s) with bioinformatics and software development skills to serve as DNA Screening Mechanism Technical Consultants. NTI is open to hiring one consultant skilled in both bioinformatics and software development - or hiring multiple consultants to satisfy the desired skillsets.

NTI is a non-profit whose mission is to transform global security by driving systemic"
0,"Please join CSIS' Defense-Industrial Initiatives Group and Aerospace Security Project for a conversation on the Department of Defense’s development and procurement for remotely crewed systems. The panel will highlight the role that remotely crewed systems play in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) as the world returns to great power competition. This program will feature a panel of former officials and private sector expertise that will address DOD’s budget and strategy around the developm"
0,"In most respects the environmental aspects of a uranium mine are the same as those of other metalliferous mining.
Most uranium mines in Australia and Canada have ISO 14001 certification.
Radioactivity associated with the uranium ore requires some special management in addition to the general environmental controls of any mine.
The uranium itself has a very low level of radioactivity, comparable with granite. Virtually all the radioactive material from the associated minerals in the ore processed ends up in "
0,"Belarus has its first nuclear power plant under construction. The first of two units was connected to the grid in November 2020. The project is financed by Russia.
Atomstroyexport is building the 2400 MWe plant, with two VVER-1200 reactors.

Total generation (in 2018): 39.0 TWh

Generation mix: natural gas 37.9 TWh (97%); hydro 0.3 TWh (1%); oil 0.3 TWh (1%); biofuels & waste 0.2 TWh; solar 0.2 TWh; wind 0.1 TWh.

Import/export balance: 1.0 TWh net export.

Total consumption: 31 TWh

Per capita consumption:"
0,"The United States, Europe, and China are not the only major digital players crafting the data policies that are shaping the Internet, the cloud, and the software and apps using them. There has been a proliferation of policy and regulatory models in recent years—and a global debate about how the data economy should evolve—as countries, from India to Japan to South Korea, experiment, innovate, and share their policy experiences and practices, successes, and failures.

In The Korean Way With Data: How the Worl"
0,"Ask Live Questions Here

The event will be webcast live from this page.

There is now broad recognition that 5G will shape the economic future and will be the infrastructure for future innovation and economic growth. This understanding has led to the establishment of international 5G standards. 6G — while years away from deployment — is already in an exploratory research phase. 6G is projected to bring faster speeds, lower latency, and more networks utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. This requ"
0,"On January 21, the Biden administration announced that the U.S. would seek an unconditional, five-year extension to the New START arms control treaty with Russia. After the Kremlin welcomed this news and following a call with President Putin, the Duma ratified the treaty extension. Now the hard work begins. The New START Treaty remains the only bilateral arms control treaty between the United States and Russia following the withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. Further transpar"
0,"Introduction

In early June, the Biden-Harris administration issued a National Security Study Memorandum (NSSM) declaring anti-corruption a core national security priority. According to the World Economic Forum, $2 trillion is lost to corruption each year, with developing countries bearing the brunt of the costs. Yet, the uptick in discussion of corruption suggests there is an opening for new ways to take on the endemic challenge, including by placing development tools at the heart of the response.

Prior t"
0,"1960: Egypt imports German engineers and scientists to help develop ballistic missiles.

1961: Egypt starts operation of a Soviet-supplied 2-megawatt research reactor at the Inshas Nuclear Research Center.

1963-67: Egypt uses chemical weapons (tear gas, phosgene and mustard agents) in the civil war in Yemen.

1972: Soviet Union supplies Egypt with FROG-7 missiles.

1973: Egypt reportedly imports nine Soviet launchers and approximately 18 Scud-B missiles; launches three at Israeli positions in the Sinai dur"
0,"Every month, NK Pro conducts an in-depth analytic review of news on the Korean Peninsula. This Month In Review covers the period of July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021.

In addition to an executive summary providing top-line findings, the following review includes detailed analysis on a wide range of other specialist focus areas.

Furthermore, it also includes a look ahead at the five events likely to create news in August.

[email protected]

Image: Eric Lafforgue (May 2010) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY"
0,"Online Only

The CSIS Humanitarian Agenda invites you to a discussion on the future of humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan and neighboring countries. This discussion, facilitated by Jacob Kurtzer, Director and Senior Fellow of the Humanitarian Agenda, will focus on short- and long-term humanitarian priorities to support the people of Afghanistan. The event will highlight the importance and need for a coordinated international effort to ensure humanitarian access, protection of civilians, access to health"
0,"The Nuclear Decommissioning and Used Fuel Strategy Summit (NDUF2019), one of the largest conferences in the industry, will bring together over 450 decommissioning and used fuel professionals to tackle core challenges with world-class experts, hear about upcoming contracts and opportunities, and meet and form partnerships with new and existing clients and customers.

NDUF2019 will be held at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Charlotte, North Carolina. It will be the largest nuclear decommissioning and used fuel meet"
0,"The New York Times
January 4, 1989, Page A21

It should come as no surprise that a West German company has been accused of helping Libya build a plant to produce poison gas. If true, this is only the latest in a long line of irresponsible West German exports.

Citing intelligence reports, Reagan Administration officials charge that the West German company Imhausen-Chemie played a central role in the design and construction of the Libyan plant.

The company’s president, Dr. Jurgen Hippenstiel-Imhausen, has d"
0,"Overview

Resources

Membership

40 states* - Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic*, Senegal, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

*The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is recognized by the "
0,"The Clinton administration has approved six one-year visas that will allow nuclear engineers from the China National Nuclear Corporation to work on the development of Westinghouse’s most advanced nuclear reactor, the AP-600.

Because the AP-600 project is part of the Department of Energy’s “Advanced Light Water Reactor Program” the U.S. government reserved the right to prohibit certain countries from participating in the project. Only with the consent of the State, Commerce and Defense Departments, in addit"
0,"Former President Bill Clinton reflected on the foreign policy challenges of his presidency at the inaugural Stephen W. Bosworth Memorial Lecture in Diplomacy, hosted Wednesday by the Harvard Kennedy School.

The virtual event was the first in a lecture series sponsored by the Future of Diplomacy Project at the Kennedy School to honor the legacy of the late Ambassador Stephen W. Bosworth, who served as ambassador to South Korea under Clinton.

After opening remarks by University President Lawrence S. Bacow, "
0,"More than 50 government energy and environment supervisors, green finance experts, and civil society members from the Asia-Pacific region convened in Buyeo, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea, September 4-5, 2019, for the “Asia-Pacific Roundtable on Energy Transition & Coal Phase-out.” The event was co-organized by Solutions for Our Climate and the Stanley Center for Peace and Security.

Against a backdrop of calls for coal phaseout and stronger climate action from the United Nations, over the course o"
0,"The IAEA Board of Governors is meeting at the Agency's headquarters in Vienna, Austria. Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi addressed the Board on important issues, including Iran."
0,"This piece is part of the CSIS International Security Program’s Transition46 series on Defense360.

The Biden administration faces a strained global nonproliferation regime. Iran’s nuclear program is moving forward with few constraints. North Korea continues to expand its nuclear weapons arsenal, posing an increasing threat to the region and the United States. Other nuclear challenges—such as Saudi Arabia’s nuclear ambitions and foot-dragging on transparency measures—highlight the potential for a more compl"
0,"On the first anniversary of the nuclear deal with Iran, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), Iran Watch is publishing a compendium of its year-long analysis of the agreement. Below are links to articles and reports written on various aspects of the implementation of the JCPOA, including: monitoring and verification; sanctions relief and compliance; licit and illicit procurement; the allegations of Iran’s past nuclear weapons-related work; and Iran’s ballistic missile program.

* * *

I r"