---
pipeline_tag: text-generation
base_model:
- moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6
license: other
license_name: nvidia-open-model-license
license_link: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/agreements/enterprise-software/nvidia-open-model-license
library_name: Model Optimizer
tags:
- nvidia
- ModelOpt
- Kimi-K2.6
- DFlash
---
# Model Overview

## Description:
The NVIDIA Kimi-K2.6 DFlash model is the DFlash draft head of Moonshot AI's Kimi-K2.6 model, which is an auto-regressive language model that uses an optimized transformer architecture. For more information, please check [here](https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6). The NVIDIA Kimi-K2.6 DFlash model incorporates DFlash speculative decoding with [Model Optimizer](https://github.com/NVIDIA/Model-Optimizer).

This model is ready for commercial/non-commercial use.  <br>

## License/Terms of Use:
Governing Terms: Use of this model is governed by the [NVIDIA Open Model License](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/agreements/enterprise-software/nvidia-open-model-license/).

**ADDITIONAL INFORMATION** : [Modified MIT License](https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6/blob/main/LICENSE). **Kimi-K2.6** .

## Deployment Geography:
Global

## Use Case:
Developers designing AI Agent systems, chatbots, RAG systems, and other AI-powered applications. Also suitable for typical instruction-following tasks where latency-optimized inference via speculative decoding is desirable.

## Release Date:
Hugging Face 06/30/2026 via https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Kimi-K2.6-DFlash

# Reference(s):

- [Kimi-K2.6 release notes](https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6)

## Model Architecture:
**Architecture Type:** Transformers  <br>
**Network Architecture:** DeepSeek V3 <br>
**Number of Model Parameters:** 1T in total and 32B activated <br>

## Input:
**Input Type(s):** Text, Image, Video <br>
**Input Format(s):** String, Binary(Base64 encoded), Binary(Base64 encoded) <br>
**Input Parameters:** One-Dimensional (1D), Two-Dimensional (2D), Three-Dimensional (3D) <br>
**Other Properties Related to Input:** Context length: 256k<br>

## Output:
**Output Type(s):** Text <br>
**Output Format:** String <br>
**Output Parameters:** One Dimensional(1D): Sequences <br>
**Other Properties Related to Output:** Outputs may include natural-language responses, code, structured JSON, tool-call requests, agent coordination instructions, and generated artifacts depending on serving configuration and application-level tooling. <br>


Our AI models are designed and/or optimized to run on NVIDIA GPU-accelerated systems. By leveraging NVIDIA's hardware (e.g. GPU cores) and software frameworks (e.g., CUDA libraries), the model achieves faster training and inference times compared to CPU-only solutions.

## Software Integration:
**Supported Runtime Engine(s):** <br>
* vLLM <br>

**Supported Hardware Microarchitecture Compatibility:** <br>
* NVIDIA Blackwell <br>

**Preferred Operating System(s):** <br>
* Linux <br>

The integration of foundation and fine-tuned models into AI systems requires additional testing using use-case-specific data to ensure safe and effective deployment. Following the V-model methodology, iterative testing and validation at both unit and system levels are essential to mitigate risks, meet technical and functional requirements, and ensure compliance with safety and ethical standards before deployment.

## Model Version(s):
**The model is DFlash version and is trained with nvidia-modelopt **v0.44.0**  <br>

**RoPE / Long Context:** This checkpoint applies YaRN RoPE scaling (`rope_type: yarn`, `factor: 16`, `original_max_position_embeddings: 4096`, `rope_theta: 50000`), preserving speculative acceptance length at long context (validated to 32k). <br>

## Training and Evaluation Datasets:

## Training Dataset:
**Link**: [Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset-v2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset-v2), only prompts from the datasets were used for data synthesis, (the original responses from GPT were not used), which is then used to train the DFlash modules. <br>
**Data Modality**:  Text, Image, Video <br>
**Image Training Data Size:** None <br>
**Text Training Data Size:** [1 Billion to 10 Trillion Tokens] <br>
**Video Training Data Size:** None <br>
**Data Collection Method by dataset**: Hybrid: Automated, Synthetic<br>
**Labeling Method by dataset**: Hybrid: Automated, Synthetic<br>
**Properties:** 112K multilingual text samples featuring prompts spanning math, code, STEM, and conversational topics. Each sample includes a synthetic response generated by the target model.

## Evaluation Dataset:
**Link**: MTBench, for more details, see [here](https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat/tree/main/fastchat/llm_judge); [SPEED-Bench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/SPEED-Bench) <br>
**Data Collection Method by dataset**: Hybrid: Human, Synthetic<br>
**Labeling Method by dataset**:Hybrid: Human, Synthetic <br>
**Properties:** MT-Bench contains 3,300 multi-turn dialogue sequences, each annotated with expert preference votes. SPEED-Bench is a unified, diverse benchmark for speculative decoding spanning coding, humanities, math, multilingual, QA, RAG, reasoning, roleplay, STEM, summarization, and writing domains.

## Inference:
**Acceleration Engine:** vLLM <br>
**Test Hardware:** NVIDIA B200 <br>


## DFlash Speculative Decoding
Synthesized data was obtained from Moonshot AI's Kimi-K2.6 model, which is then used to finetune the DFlash modules. This model is ready for inference with TensorRT-LLM in DFlash speculative decoding mode. DFlash modules are used to predict candidate tokens beyond the next token. In the generation step, each forward DFlash module generates a distribution of tokens beyond the previous. The longest accepted candidate sequence is selected so that more than 1 token is returned in the generation step. The number of tokens generated in each step is called acceptance rate.

## Usage

To serve the checkpoint with [vLLM](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm):

```sh
vllm serve moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6 \
  --tensor-parallel-size 4 \
  --trust-remote-code \
  --speculative-config '{
    "method": "dflash",
    "model": "<draft-model>",
    "num_speculative_tokens":8
  }'
```

Alternatively, with the Python `LLM` API:

```python
from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

llm = LLM(
    model="moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6",
    tensor_parallel_size=4,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    speculative_config={
        "method": "dflash",
        "model": "<draft-model>",
        "num_speculative_tokens":8
    },
)
```

## Evaluation

Acceptance rate on [SPEED-Bench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/SPEED-Bench) (qualitative subset) with a draft block size of 8:

| Category        | SPEED-Bench Acceptance Rate |
|-----------------|:-----------------------:|
| coding          |      **4.20**                      |
| humanities      |      **2.96**                      |
| math            |      **3.95**                      |
| multilingual    |      **4.38**                      |
| qa              |      **3.11**                      |
| rag             |      **4.34**                      |
| reasoning       |      **3.63**                      |
| roleplay        |      **2.64**                      |
| stem            |      **3.23**                      |
| summarization   |      **3.77**                      |
| writing         |      **2.77**                      |
| **Overall Average** |   **3.54**                     |

Acceptance rate on [SPEED-Bench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/SPEED-Bench) (throughput-32k subset, long-context) with a draft block size of 8:

| Category      | SPEED-Bench Acceptance Rate |
|---------------|:-----------------------:|
| low_entropy   |      **3.80**                      |
| mixed         |      **3.64**                      |
| high_entropy  |      **2.44**                      |
| **Overall Average** |   **3.29**                     |

Acceptance rate on [MT-bench](https://huggingface.co/spaces/lmsys/mt-bench) with a draft block size of 8:

| Category    | MT Bench Acceptance Rate |
|-------------|:-----------------------:|
| writing     |           **3.00**                   |
| roleplay    |           **2.58**                   |
| reasoning   |           **3.34**                   |
| math        |           **4.99**                   |
| coding      |           **3.83**                   |
| extraction  |           **4.11**                   |
| stem        |           **2.79**                   |
| humanities  |           **2.49**                   |
| **Overall Average** |   **3.39**                   |
## Ethical Considerations

NVIDIA believes Trustworthy AI is a shared responsibility and we have established policies and practices to enable development for a wide array of AI applications. Developers should work with their internal model team to ensure this model meets requirements for the relevant industry and use case and addresses unforeseen product misuse.

Please make sure you have proper rights and permissions for all input image and video content; if image or video includes people, personal health information, or intellectual property, the image or video generated will not blur or maintain proportions of image subjects included.

For more detailed information on ethical considerations for this model, please see the [Model Card++ Bias, Explainability, Safety & Security, and Privacy Subcards](https://gitlab-master.nvidia.com/api-catalog/examples).

Please report model quality, risk, security vulnerabilities or NVIDIA AI Concerns [here](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/support/submit-security-vulnerability/).  <br>

SUBCARDS:

# **Explainability**

|Field:|Response:|  
|:---:|:---:|  
|Intended Task/Domain:| Text generation, reasoning, summarization, and question answering. |  
|Model Type: |Text and Image-to-text transformer |  
|Intended Users:|This model is intended for developers, researchers, and customers building/utilizing LLMs, while balancing accuracy and efficiency.|  
|Output:|Text String(s)|  
|Describe how the model works:|Generates text by predicting the next word or token based on the context provided in the input sequence using multiple self-attention layers|  
|Name the adversely impacted groups this has been tested to deliver comparable outcomes regardless of:  |  Not Applicable|
|Technical Limitations & Mitigation:| The model was trained on data that contains toxic language and societal biases originally crawled from the internet. Therefore, the model may amplify those biases and return toxic responses especially when prompted with toxic prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of this model, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model.|  
|Verified to have met prescribed quality standards?|Yes|  
|Performance Metrics:|Accuracy, Throughput, and user-side throughput|  
|Potential Known Risk| The model may generate answers that may be inaccurate, omit key information, or include irrelevant or redundant text producing socially unacceptable or undesirable text, even if the prompt itself does not include anything explicitly offensive. |
|Licensing:| Your usage is governed by the following [Governing Terms: Use of this model is governed by the [NVIDIA Open Model License](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/agreements/enterprise-software/nvidia-open-model-license/).

**ADDITIONAL INFORMATION** : [Modified MIT License](https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6/blob/main/LICENSE). **Kimi-K2.6** . |

# **Bias**

|Field:|Response:|  
|:---:|:---:|  
|Participation considerations from adversely impacted groups [protected classes](https://www.senate.ca.gov/content/protected-classes) in model design and testing:|None|  
|Measures taken to mitigate against unwanted bias:|None|

# **Safety & Security**

|Field:|Response:|  
|:---:|:---:|  
|Model Application(s):|Chat, Instruction Following, Chatbot Development, Code Generation, Reasoning|  
|Describe life critical application (if present):|Not Applicable |  
|Use Case Restrictions:|Abide by the [Governing Terms: Use of this model is governed by the [NVIDIA Open Model License](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/agreements/enterprise-software/nvidia-open-model-license/).

**ADDITIONAL INFORMATION** : [Modified MIT License](https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2.6/blob/main/LICENSE). **Kimi-K2.6** . |  
|Model and Dataset Restrictions:|The Principle of least privilege (PoLP) is applied limiting access for dataset generation.  Restrictions enforce dataset access during training, and dataset license constraints adhered to. Model checkpoints are made available on Hugging Face, and may become available on cloud providers' model catalog.|

# **Privacy**

|Field:|Response:|  
|:---:|:---:|  
|Generatable or Reverse engineerable personal data?|No|  
|Personal data used to create this model?|No|
|Was consent obtained for any personal data used?|Not Applicable|  
|How often is dataset reviewed?|Before Release|  
|Was data from user interactions with the AI model (e.g. user input and prompts) used to train the model? | No |
|Is there provenance for all datasets used in training?|Yes|  
|Does data labeling (annotation, metadata) comply with privacy laws?|Yes| 
|Is data compliant with data subject requests for data correction or removal, if such a request was made? |  Not Applicable| 
|Applicable NVIDIA Privacy Policy|https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/about-nvidia/privacy-policy/|