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---
language: en
license: apache-2.0
base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct
tags:
- miniOneRec
- generative-recommendation
- sequential-recommendation
- amazon
- grpo
- gdpo
- semantic-id
- rq-vae
datasets:
- amazon-reviews-2023
metrics:
- hit-rate
- ndcg
pipeline_tag: text-generation
---

# MiniOneRec-1.5B-SFT-GDPO

**Generative Recommendation Model** — fine-tuned from [Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct) on Amazon Industrial & Scientific reviews.

📖 **GitHub**: [YuyaoFan/MiniOneRec-1.5B](https://github.com/YuyaoFan/MiniOneRec-1.5B)

## Repository Contents

| Directory | Description | Usage |
|-----------|-------------|-------|
| [`sft_model/`](./sft_model) | RQ-VAE + SFT model weights | `AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained()` |
| [`gdpo_best_checkpoint-1155/`](./gdpo_best_checkpoint-1155) | Best GDPO RL checkpoint (step 1155) | Best RL model for evaluation |
| [`data/`](./data) | Dataset files (.npy, .npz, .csv, .inter) | Required for training reproduction |

## Model Description

This model transforms item recommendation into a sequence generation task using **Semantic IDs (SIDs)**:

```
User History → Qwen2.5-1.5B → Semantic ID Sequence → Item Recommendation
```

### Pipeline

1. **SID Construction**: RQ-VAE compresses item text embeddings into 3-level discrete codes (256 codes × 3 levels = 16.7M capacity)
2. **SFT**: Full-parameter fine-tuning on Amazon Industrial & Scientific interaction sequences
3. **RL (GRPO/GDPO)**: Reinforcement learning with constrained beam search and ranking-aware rewards

### Key Details

- **Base Model**: Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct
- **SID Method**: RQ-VAE (M=3 levels, K=256 codes/level, e_dim=2560)
- **Vocabulary**: 151,665 base + 521 SID tokens = 152,186 total
- **Dataset**: Amazon Industrial & Scientific (36,259 train / 4,532 valid / 4,533 test)
- **Items**: 3,686 unique items
- **Hardware**: Single GPU ≥ 48GB VRAM

## Performance

Evaluation on Amazon Industrial & Scientific test set (beam=50):

### SFT Model

| HR@3 | NDCG@3 | HR@5 | NDCG@5 | HR@10 | NDCG@10 |
|------|--------|------|--------|-------|---------|
| 0.0904 | 0.0792 | 0.1061 | 0.0856 | 0.1337 | 0.0945 |

### Best RL Checkpoints

| Method | Step | HR@5 | NDCG@5 | HR@10 | NDCG@10 | vs SFT |
|--------|------|------|--------|-------|---------|--------|
| GRPO | 1320 | **0.1136** | **0.0926** | **0.1379** | **0.1005** | **+6.4%** |
| GDPO | 1155 | 0.1050 | 0.0880 | 0.1253 | 0.0944 | -0.1% |

> **GRPO** significantly outperforms SFT (+6.4% NDCG@10). **GDPO** shows limited gains in this sparse-reward recommendation setting.

### Comparison with Baselines

| Method | HR@5 | NDCG@10 |
|--------|------|---------|
| SASRec | 0.0909 | 0.0806 |
| TIGER | 0.1010 | 0.0908 |
| D3 | 0.1213 | 0.1082 |
| MiniOneRec (7B, paper) | 0.1321 | 0.1167 |
| **Ours (1.5B, GRPO)** | **0.1136** | **0.1005** |

## Usage

### Inference

```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "onesfour/MiniOneRec-1.5B-SFT-GDPO",
    subfolder="sft_model",          # or "gdpo_best_checkpoint-1155"
    torch_dtype="auto",
    device_map="auto",
    trust_remote_code=True,
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
    "onesfour/MiniOneRec-1.5B-SFT-GDPO",
    subfolder="sft_model",
    trust_remote_code=True,
)

prompt = """Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Can you predict the next possible item that the user may expect?

### User Input:
The user has interacted with items <a_115><b_58><c_12>, <a_86><b_17><c_25> in chronological order. Can you predict the next possible item that the user may expect?

### Response:
"""
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=10, num_beams=50)
predicted = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs["input_ids"].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(f"Predicted SID: {predicted}")
```

### SID Format

Items are represented as 3-level Semantic IDs with an optional deduplication suffix:
- `<a_X>`: Level 0 code (0-255)
- `<b_Y>`: Level 1 code (0-255)
- `<c_Z>`: Level 2 code (0-255)
- `<d_W>`: Deduplication suffix (if collision exists)

Example: `<a_115><b_58><c_12>` represents a unique item in the catalog.

### Item Lookup

To map predicted SIDs back to item titles, use `data/Amazon/index/Industrial_and_Scientific.item.json` and `data/Amazon/info/Industrial_and_Scientific_5_2016-10-2018-11.txt` from the repository.

## Requirements

```
transformers>=4.57.1
torch>=2.6.0
```

## Training Reproduction

See [YuyaoFan/MiniOneRec-1.5B](https://github.com/YuyaoFan/MiniOneRec-1.5B) for full source code, scripts, and documentation.

Quick start:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/YuyaoFan/MiniOneRec-1.5B.git
cd MiniOneRec-1.5B

# Download data files from this HF repo → data/Amazon/
# Download model from this HF repo/sft_model → output/sft/.../final_checkpoint/

conda create -n MiniOneRec python=3.11 -y && conda activate MiniOneRec
bash scripts/install_deps.sh
bash scripts/run_rqvae_sft_grpo.sh
```

## Limitations

- **Domain Specific**: Trained exclusively on Amazon Industrial & Scientific (3,686 items)
- **Cold Start**: Cannot generate SIDs for items outside the trained catalog
- **Single Positive**: Each test sample has only one ground-truth item (HR@K = Recall@K)
- **English Only**: Item descriptions are English-only

## Citation

```bibtex
@misc{kong2025minionerec,
    title={MiniOneRec: An Open-Source Framework for Scaling Generative Recommendation},
    author={Xiaoyu Kong and Leheng Sheng and Junfei Tan and Yuxin Chen and
            Jiancan Wu and An Zhang and Xiang Wang and Xiangnan He},
    year={2025},
    eprint={2510.24431},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.IR},
}

@misc{liu2026gdpo,
    title={GDPO: Group reward-Decoupled Normalization Policy Optimization},
    author={Shih-Yang Liu et al.},
    year={2026},
    eprint={2601.05242},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
}
```

## License

This model inherits Apache 2.0 from Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct.

## Acknowledgments

- [AkaliKong/MiniOneRec](https://github.com/AkaliKong/MiniOneRec) — Original MiniOneRec framework
- [SuFame920/MiniOneRec-Reproduction](https://github.com/SuFame920/MiniOneRec-Reproduction) — Reproduction reference
- [Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct) — Base model by Alibaba Cloud

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