vision_tower_builder.py

import math
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.utils.checkpoint as checkpoint
from functools import partial
from einops import rearrange
from timm.models.layers import DropPath, to_2tuple, trunc_normal_
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union, Dict
from functools import partial, reduce
from PIL import Image
from torch import nn
from transformers.image_processing_utils import BatchFeature, get_size_dict
from transformers.image_transforms import (
    convert_to_rgb,
    normalize,
    rescale,
    resize,
    to_channel_dimension_format,
)
from transformers.image_utils import (
    ChannelDimension,
    PILImageResampling,
    to_numpy_array,
)

try:
    from flash_attn.flash_attn_interface import flash_attn_varlen_qkvpacked_func
    from flash_attn.bert_padding import unpad_input, pad_input
except:
    pass

class FlashAttention(nn.Module):
    """Implement the scaled dot product attention with softmax.
    Arguments
    ---------
        softmax_scale: The temperature to use for the softmax attention.
                      (default: 1/sqrt(d_keys) where d_keys is computed at
                      runtime)
        attention_dropout: The dropout rate to apply to the attention
                           (default: 0.0)
    """

    def __init__(self, softmax_scale=None, attention_dropout=0.0, device=None, dtype=None):
        super().__init__()
        self.softmax_scale = softmax_scale
        self.dropout_p = attention_dropout

    def forward(self, qkv, key_padding_mask=None, causal=False, cu_seqlens=None,
                max_s=None, need_weights=False):
        """Implements the multihead softmax attention.
        Arguments
        ---------
            qkv: The tensor containing the query, key, and value. (B, S, 3, H, D) if key_padding_mask is None
                if unpadded: (nnz, 3, h, d)
            key_padding_mask: a bool tensor of shape (B, S)
        """
        assert not need_weights
        assert qkv.dtype in [torch.float16, torch.bfloat16]
        assert qkv.is_cuda

        if cu_seqlens is None:
            batch_size = qkv.shape[0]
            seqlen = qkv.shape[1]
            if key_padding_mask is None:
                qkv = rearrange(qkv, 'b s ... -> (b s) ...')
                max_s = seqlen
                cu_seqlens = torch.arange(0, (batch_size + 1) * seqlen, step=seqlen, dtype=torch.int32,
                                          device=qkv.device)
                output = flash_attn_varlen_qkvpacked_func(
                    qkv, cu_seqlens, max_s, self.dropout_p if self.training else 0.0,
                    softmax_scale=self.softmax_scale, causal=causal
                )
                output = rearrange(output, '(b s) ... -> b s ...', b=batch_size)
            else:
                nheads = qkv.shape[-2]
                x = rearrange(qkv, 'b s three h d -> b s (three h d)')
                x_unpad, indices, cu_seqlens, max_s = unpad_input(x, key_padding_mask)
                x_unpad = rearrange(x_unpad, 'nnz (three h d) -> nnz three h d', three=3, h=nheads)
                output_unpad = flash_attn_varlen_qkvpacked_func(
                    x_unpad, cu_seqlens, max_s, self.dropout_p if self.training else 0.0,
                    softmax_scale=self.softmax_scale, causal=causal
                )
                output = rearrange(pad_input(rearrange(output_unpad, 'nnz h d -> nnz (h d)'),
                                             indices, batch_size, seqlen),
                                   'b s (h d) -> b s h d', h=nheads)
        else:
            assert max_s is not None
            output = flash_attn_varlen_qkvpacked_func(
                qkv, cu_seqlens, max_s, self.dropout_p if self.training else 0.0,
                softmax_scale=self.softmax_scale, causal=causal
            )

        return output, None





# --------------------------------------------------------
# 2D sine-cosine position embedding
# References:
# Transformer: https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/official/nlp/transformer/model_utils.py
# MoCo v3: https://github.com/facebookresearch/moco-v3
# --------------------------------------------------------
def get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, grid_size, cls_token=False):
    """
    grid_size: int of the grid height and width
    return:
    pos_embed: [grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] or [1+grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] (w/ or w/o cls_token)
    """
    grid_h = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32)
    grid_w = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32)
    grid = np.meshgrid(grid_w, grid_h)  # here w goes first
    grid = np.stack(grid, axis=0)

    grid = grid.reshape([2, 1, grid_size, grid_size])
    pos_embed = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid)
    if cls_token:
        pos_embed = np.concatenate(
            [np.zeros([1, embed_dim]), pos_embed], axis=0
        )
    return pos_embed


def get_1d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, t_size, cls_token=False):
    """
    t_size: int of the temporal size
    return:
    pos_embed: [t_size, embed_dim] or [1+t_size, embed_dim] (w/ or w/o cls_token)
    """
    grid_t = np.arange(t_size, dtype=np.float32)
    pos_embed = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid_t)
    if cls_token:
        pos_embed = np.concatenate(
            [np.zeros([1, embed_dim]), pos_embed], axis=0
        )
    return pos_embed


def get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid):
    assert embed_dim % 2 == 0

    # use half of dimensions to encode grid_h
    emb_h = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(
        embed_dim // 2, grid[0]
    )  # (H*W, D/2)
    emb_w = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(
        embed_dim // 2, grid[1]
    )  # (H*W, D/2)

    emb = np.concatenate([emb_h, emb_w], axis=1)  # (H*W, D)
    return emb


def get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, pos):
    """
    embed_dim: output dimension for each position
    pos: a list of positions to be encoded: size (M,)
    out: (M, D)
    """
    assert embed_dim % 2 == 0
    omega = np.arange(embed_dim // 2, dtype=np.float32)
    omega /= embed_dim / 2.0
    omega = 1.0 / 10000**omega  # (D/2,)

    pos = pos.reshape(-1)  # (M,)
    out = np.einsum("m,d->md", pos, omega)  # (M, D/2), outer product

    emb_sin = np.sin(out)  # (M, D/2)
    emb_cos = np.cos(out)  # (M, D/2)

    emb = np.concatenate([emb_sin, emb_cos], axis=1)  # (M, D)
    return emb

# --------------------------------------------------------
# 3D sine-cosine position embedding
# References:
# MVD: https://github.com/ruiwang2021/mvd/blob/main/modeling_finetune.py
# --------------------------------------------------------
def get_3d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, grid_size, t_size, cls_token=False):
    """
    grid_size: int of the grid height and width
    t_size: int of the temporal size
    return:
    pos_embed: [t_size*grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] or [1+t_size*grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] (w/ or w/o cls_token)
    """
    assert embed_dim % 4 == 0
    embed_dim_spatial = embed_dim // 4 * 3
    embed_dim_temporal = embed_dim // 4

    # spatial
    grid_h = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32)
    grid_w = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32)
    grid = np.meshgrid(grid_w, grid_h)  # here w goes first
    grid = np.stack(grid, axis=0)

    grid = grid.reshape([2, 1, grid_size, grid_size])
    pos_embed_spatial = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(
        embed_dim_spatial, grid
    )

    # temporal
    grid_t = np.arange(t_size, dtype=np.float32)
    pos_embed_temporal = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(
        embed_dim_temporal, grid_t
    )

    # concate: [T, H, W] order
    pos_embed_temporal = pos_embed_temporal[:, np.newaxis, :]
    pos_embed_temporal = np.repeat(
        pos_embed_temporal, grid_size**2, axis=1
    )  # [T, H*W, D // 4]
    pos_embed_spatial = pos_embed_spatial[np.newaxis, :, :]
    pos_embed_spatial = np.repeat(
        pos_embed_spatial, t_size, axis=0
    )  # [T, H*W, D // 4 * 3]

    pos_embed = np.concatenate([pos_embed_temporal, pos_embed_spatial], axis=-1)
    pos_embed = pos_embed.reshape([-1, embed_dim])  # [T*H*W, D]

    if cls_token:
        pos_embed = np.concatenate(
            [np.zeros([1, embed_dim]), pos_embed], axis=0
        )
    return pos_embed



class RMSNorm(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_size, eps=1e-6):
        super().__init__()
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size))
        self.variance_epsilon = eps
    
    def forward(self, hidden_states):
        input_dtype = hidden_states.dtype
        hidden_states = hidden_states.to(torch.float32)
        variance = hidden_states.pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True)
        hidden_states = hidden_states * torch.rsqrt(variance + self.variance_epsilon)
        return self.weight * hidden_states.to(input_dtype)


class LayerScale(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim, init_values=1e-5, inplace=False, force_fp32=False):
        super().__init__()
        self.inplace = inplace
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(init_values * torch.ones(dim))
        self.force_fp32 = force_fp32
    
    @torch.cuda.amp.autocast(enabled=False)
    def forward(self, x):
        if self.force_fp32:
            output_type = x.dtype
            out = x.float().mul_(self.weight.float()) if self.inplace else x.float() * self.weight.float()
            return out.to(dtype=output_type)
        else:
            out = x.mul_(self.weight) if self.inplace else x * self.weight
            return out


class Attention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=False, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0., use_flash_attn=False,
                 causal=False, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, qk_normalization=False, use_fused_rmsnorm=False):
        super().__init__()
        assert dim % num_heads == 0, 'dim should be divisible by num_heads'
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = head_dim ** -0.5
        
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)
        
        self.use_flash_attn = use_flash_attn
        if use_flash_attn:
            self.causal = causal
            self.inner_attn = FlashAttention(attention_dropout=attn_drop)
        
        self.qk_normalization = qk_normalization
        self.q_norm = norm_layer(dim) if qk_normalization else nn.Identity()
        self.k_norm = norm_layer(dim) if qk_normalization else nn.Identity()
        self.use_fused_rmsnorm = use_fused_rmsnorm
    
    def _naive_attn(self, x):
        B, N, C = x.shape
        # print(x.shape, torch.cuda.memory_allocated(), torch.cuda.memory_allocated())
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        q, k, v = qkv.unbind(0)  # make torchscript happy (cannot use tensor as tuple)
        
        if self.qk_normalization:
            B_, H_, N_, D_ = q.shape
            q = self.q_norm(q.transpose(1, 2).flatten(-2, -1)).view(B_, N_, H_, D_).transpose(1, 2)
            k = self.k_norm(k.transpose(1, 2).flatten(-2, -1)).view(B_, N_, H_, D_).transpose(1, 2)
        
        attn = ((q * self.scale) @ k.transpose(-2, -1))
        # attn = attn - attn.max(-1)[0].unsqueeze(-1)  # in case of overflow for fp16
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)
        # print(torch.cuda.memory_allocated(), torch.cuda.memory_allocated())
        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
        # print(f"\033[31m这{x.device}是{self.proj.weight.device} {self.proj.bias.device}\033[0m")
        # print(f"\033[31m类型{x.dtype}是{self.proj.weight.dtype} {self.proj.bias.dtype}\033[0m")
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x
    
    def _flash_attn(self, x, key_padding_mask=None, need_weights=False):
        
        qkv = self.qkv(x)
        qkv = rearrange(qkv, "b s (three h d) -> b s three h d", three=3, h=self.num_heads)
        
        if self.qk_normalization:
            q, k, v = qkv.unbind(2)
            if self.use_fused_rmsnorm:
                q = self.q_norm(q.flatten(-2, -1))[0].view(q.shape)
                k = self.k_norm(k.flatten(-2, -1))[0].view(k.shape)
            else:
                q = self.q_norm(q.flatten(-2, -1)).view(q.shape)
                k = self.k_norm(k.flatten(-2, -1)).view(k.shape)
            qkv = torch.stack([q, k, v], dim=2)
        
        context, _ = self.inner_attn(
            qkv, key_padding_mask=key_padding_mask, need_weights=need_weights, causal=self.causal
        )
        outs = self.proj(rearrange(context, "b s h d -> b s (h d)"))
        outs = self.proj_drop(outs)
        return outs
    
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self._naive_attn(x) if not self.use_flash_attn else self._flash_attn(x)
        return x


class Mlp(nn.Module):
    """ MLP as used in Vision Transformer, MLP-Mixer and related networks
    """
    
    def __init__(self, in_features, hidden_features=None, out_features=None, act_layer=nn.GELU,
                 bias=True, drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        hidden_features = hidden_features or in_features
        bias = to_2tuple(bias)
        drop_probs = to_2tuple(drop)
        
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features, hidden_features, bias=bias[0])
        self.act = act_layer()
        self.drop1 = nn.Dropout(drop_probs[0])
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features, bias=bias[1])
        self.drop2 = nn.Dropout(drop_probs[1])
    
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.drop1(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.drop2(x)
        return x


class Block(nn.Module):
    
    def __init__(
            self, dim, num_heads, mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=False, drop=0., attn_drop=0., init_values=None,
            drop_path=0., act_layer=nn.GELU, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, use_flash_attn=False, use_fused_mlp=False,
            fused_mlp_heuristic=1, with_cp=False, qk_normalization=False, layerscale_no_force_fp32=False,
            use_fused_rmsnorm=False):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.attn = Attention(dim, num_heads=num_heads, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, attn_drop=attn_drop, proj_drop=drop,
                              use_flash_attn=use_flash_attn, causal=False, norm_layer=norm_layer,
                              qk_normalization=qk_normalization,
                              use_fused_rmsnorm=use_fused_rmsnorm)
        self.ls1 = LayerScale(dim, init_values=init_values,
                              force_fp32=(not layerscale_no_force_fp32)) if init_values else nn.Identity()
        # NOTE: drop path for stochastic depth, we shall see if this is better than dropout here
        self.drop_path1 = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
        
        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)
        if use_fused_mlp:
            raise NotImplementedError
            self.mlp = FusedMLP(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, heuristic=fused_mlp_heuristic)
        else:
            self.mlp = Mlp(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, act_layer=act_layer, drop=drop)
        self.ls2 = LayerScale(dim, init_values=init_values,
                              force_fp32=(not layerscale_no_force_fp32)) if init_values else nn.Identity()
        self.drop_path2 = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
        
        self.with_cp = with_cp
        self.use_fused_rmsnorm = use_fused_rmsnorm
    
    def forward(self, x, residual=None):
        
        def _inner_forward(x, residual=None):
            if self.use_fused_rmsnorm:
                x, residual = self.norm1(x, residual)
                x = self.drop_path1(self.ls1(self.attn(x)))
                x, residual = self.norm2(x, residual)
                x = self.drop_path2(self.ls2(self.mlp(x)))
                return x, residual
            else:
                assert residual is None
                x = x + self.drop_path1(self.ls1(self.attn(self.norm1(x))))
                x = x + self.drop_path2(self.ls2(self.mlp(self.norm2(x))))
                return x
        
        if self.with_cp:
            # print(f"\033[31m use_checkpoint [0m")
            return checkpoint.checkpoint(_inner_forward, x, residual)
        else:
            return _inner_forward(x, residual=residual)


class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """ 3D Image to Patch Embedding
    """
    
    def __init__(
            self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_chans=3, embed_dim=768, 
            num_frames=8, tubelet_size=1, norm_layer=None
        ):
        super().__init__()
        img_size = to_2tuple(img_size)
        patch_size = to_2tuple(patch_size)
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.grid_size = (
            num_frames // tubelet_size, 
            img_size[0] // patch_size[0], 
            img_size[1] // patch_size[1]
        ) # (T, H, W)
        self.num_patches = self.grid_size[0] * self.grid_size[1] * self.grid_size[2]
        self.num_img_patches = self.grid_size[1] * self.grid_size[2]

        self.proj = nn.Conv3d(
            in_channels=in_chans, out_channels=embed_dim, 
            kernel_size=(tubelet_size, patch_size[0], patch_size[1]), 
            stride=(tubelet_size, patch_size[0], patch_size[1])
        )
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim) if norm_layer else nn.Identity()
    
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = x.flatten(3).permute(0, 2, 3, 1)  # B x C x T x HW => B x T x HW x C
        x = self.norm(x)
        return x


class PretrainVisionTransformer_clean(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
            self,
            in_chans: int = 3,
            patch_size: int = 14,
            img_size: int = 224,
            qkv_bias: bool = False, # follow internvl_clip to set False
            drop_path_rate: float = 0.25, # may need ablation
            embed_dim: int = 1408,
            num_heads: int = 16,
            mlp_ratio: float = 48/11,
            init_values: float = 1e-5, # may need ablation
            qk_normalization: bool = True,
            depth: int = 40,
            use_flash_attn: bool = True,
            use_fused_rmsnorm: bool = True,
            use_fused_mlp: bool = True,
            fused_mlp_heuristic: int = 1,
            attn_pool_num_heads: int = 16,
            clip_embed_dim: int = 768,
            layerscale_no_force_fp32: bool = False, # whether True for training?
            num_frames: int = 8,
            tubelet_size: int = 1,
            sep_pos_embed: bool = False,
            sep_image_video_pos_embed: bool = False,
            use_checkpoint: bool = False,
            checkpoint_num: int = 0,
            # for unmasked teacher
            x_vis_return_idx=-1,
            x_vis_only=False
        ):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.num_frames = num_frames
        self.tubelet_size = tubelet_size
        # assert use_flash_attn == use_fused_rmsnorm == use_fused_mlp, f'use_flash_attn:{use_flash_attn}, use_fused_rmsnorm{use_fused_rmsnorm} and use_fused_mlp{use_fused_mlp} should be consistent'
        
        self.use_flash_attn = use_flash_attn
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim

        print(f"Origin depth: {depth}")
        depth =  depth + x_vis_return_idx + 1
        print(f"New depth: {depth}")
        self.depth = depth

        self.x_vis_only = x_vis_only

        if use_fused_rmsnorm:
            raise NotImplementedError
            norm_layer_for_blocks = partial(DropoutAddRMSNorm, eps=1e-6, prenorm=True)
        else:
            norm_layer_for_blocks = partial(RMSNorm, eps=1e-6)
        self.norm_layer_for_blocks = norm_layer_for_blocks
        self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
            img_size, patch_size, in_chans, embed_dim,
            num_frames=num_frames, tubelet_size=tubelet_size,
        )
        num_patches = self.patch_embed.num_patches
        num_img_patches = self.patch_embed.num_img_patches
        # print(f"num_patches: {num_patches}, num_img_patches: {num_img_patches}")
        self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim))
        
        # stolen from https://github.com/facebookresearch/mae_st/blob/dc072aaaf640d06892e23a33b42223a994efe272/models_vit.py#L65-L73C17
        self.sep_pos_embed = sep_pos_embed
        self.sep_image_video_pos_embed = sep_image_video_pos_embed
        if sep_pos_embed:
            raise NotImplementedError
        else:
            if sep_image_video_pos_embed:
                print("Use separate position embedding, for image and video we use different pos_embed.")
                self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_patches + 1, embed_dim))
                self.img_pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_img_patches + 1, embed_dim))
            else:
                print("Use joint position embedding, for image and video we use same pos_embed.")
                self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_patches + 1, embed_dim))

        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, depth)]
        # choose which layer to use checkpoint
        with_cp_list = [False] * depth
        if use_checkpoint:
            for idx in range(depth):
                if idx < checkpoint_num:
                    with_cp_list[idx] = True
        print(f"Droppath rate: {dpr}")
        print(f"Checkpoint list: {with_cp_list}")
        
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([
            Block(embed_dim, num_heads, mlp_ratio, qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                  norm_layer=norm_layer_for_blocks,
                  drop_path=dpr[i], init_values=init_values, attn_drop=0.,
                  use_flash_attn=use_flash_attn, use_fused_mlp=use_fused_mlp,
                  fused_mlp_heuristic=fused_mlp_heuristic,
                  with_cp=with_cp_list[i],
                  qk_normalization=qk_normalization,
                  layerscale_no_force_fp32=layerscale_no_force_fp32,
                  use_fused_rmsnorm=use_fused_rmsnorm)
            for i in range(depth)])
        
        if not self.x_vis_only:
            raise NotImplementedError

        self.init_pos_embed()
        trunc_normal_(self.cls_token, std=.02) # NOTE 对chat没用，都要加载预训练的
        self.apply(self._init_weights)
        self.fix_init_weight()

    def init_pos_embed(self):
        print("Init pos_embed from sincos pos_embed")
        if self.sep_pos_embed:
            raise NotImplementedError
        else:
            pos_embed = get_3d_sincos_pos_embed(
                self.pos_embed.shape[-1], 
                self.patch_embed.grid_size[1], # height & weight
                self.patch_embed.grid_size[0], # t_size
                cls_token=True
            )
            self.pos_embed.data.copy_(torch.from_numpy(pos_embed).float().unsqueeze(0))

            if self.sep_image_video_pos_embed:
                img_pos_embed = get_3d_sincos_pos_embed(
                    self.pos_embed.shape[-1], 
                    self.patch_embed.grid_size[1], # height & weight
                    1,
                    cls_token=True
                )
                self.img_pos_embed.data.copy_(torch.from_numpy(img_pos_embed).float().unsqueeze(0))


    def _init_weights(self, m):
        if isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
            trunc_normal_(m.weight, std=.02)
            if isinstance(m, nn.Linear) and m.bias is not None:
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
        elif isinstance(m, nn.LayerNorm):
            nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1.0)

    def fix_init_weight(self):
        def rescale(param, layer_id):
            param.div_(math.sqrt(2.0 * layer_id))

        for layer_id, layer in enumerate(self.blocks):
            rescale(layer.attn.proj.weight.data, layer_id + 1)
            rescale(layer.mlp.fc2.weight.data, layer_id + 1)
    
    @property
    def dtype(self):
        return self.patch_embed.proj.weight.dtype

    def get_num_layers(self):
        return len(self.blocks)

    @torch.jit.ignore
    def no_weight_decay(self):
        return {
            'pos_embed', 
            'pos_embed_spatial', 
            'pos_embed_temporal', 
            'pos_embed_cls',
            'img_pos_embed',
            'cls_token'
        }
    
    # @torch.cuda.amp.autocast(enabled=False)
    def forward(self, x, mask=None, use_image=False):
        x = self.patch_embed(x.type(self.dtype))
        # print(f"x.shape: {x.shape} x.dtype: {x.dtype}, model.dtype: {self.dtype}")
        B, T, L, C = x.shape  # T: temporal; L: spatial
        x = x.view([B, T * L, C])

        # append cls token
        cls_tokens = self.cls_token.expand(B, -1, -1)
        x = torch.cat((cls_tokens, x), dim=1)

        # add pos_embed
        if self.sep_pos_embed:
            raise NotImplementedError
        else:
            if use_image:
                if self.sep_image_video_pos_embed:
                    pos_embed = self.img_pos_embed
                else:
                    # (1, num_img_patches + 1, embed_dim)
                    # print('origin pos_embed.shape:', self.pos_embed.shape)
                    cls_pos_embed = self.pos_embed[:, 0:1, :]
                    # print('cls_pos_embed.shape:', cls_pos_embed.shape)

                    img_pos_embed = self.pos_embed[:, 1:, :].view(1, self.num_frames, self.patch_embed.num_patches // self.num_frames, self.embed_dim).mean(dim=1)
                    # print('img_pos_embed.shape:', img_pos_embed.shape)

                    pos_embed = torch.cat([cls_pos_embed, img_pos_embed], dim=1)
                    # print('final img_pos_embed.shape:', pos_embed.shape)
            else:
                pos_embed = self.pos_embed
        
        # print("pos_embed.shape:", pos_embed.shape)
        x = x + pos_embed

        # mask tokens, ~mask means visible
        if mask is not None:
            x = x[~mask].reshape(B, -1, C) 
        else:
            x = x.reshape(B, -1, C) 

        residual = None

        for idx, blk in enumerate(self.blocks):
            if isinstance(x, tuple) and len(x) == 2:
                x, residual = x
            x = blk(x, residual=residual)

        if isinstance(x, tuple) and len(x) == 2:
            x, residual = x
            if residual is not None:
                x = x + residual
        
        x_vis = x
        if self.x_vis_only:
            return x_vis
        else:
            x_pool_vis = self.clip_projector(x_vis)
            return x_vis, x_pool_vis, None, None
    




class InternVideo2ImageProcessor:
    def __init__(self, image_mean=(0.485, 0.456, 0.406), image_std=(0.229, 0.224, 0.225), size=(224, 224), crop_size: Dict[str, int] = None, resample=PILImageResampling.BICUBIC, rescale_factor=1 / 255, data_format=ChannelDimension.FIRST):
        crop_size = crop_size if crop_size is not None else {"height": size[0], "width": size[1]}
        crop_size = get_size_dict(crop_size, default_to_square=True, param_name="crop_size")

        self.image_mean = image_mean
        self.image_std = image_std
        self.size = size
        self.resample = resample
        self.rescale_factor = rescale_factor
        self.data_format = data_format
        self.crop_size = crop_size

    def preprocess(self, images, return_tensors, target_size=None):
        if isinstance(images, Image.Image):
            images = [images]
        else:
            # to adapt video data
            images = [to_numpy_array(image) for image in images]
            assert isinstance(images, list)

        if target_size is None:
            target_size = self.size
            
        transforms = [
            convert_to_rgb,
            to_numpy_array,
            partial(resize, size=target_size, resample=self.resample, data_format=self.data_format),
            partial(rescale, scale=self.rescale_factor, data_format=self.data_format),
            partial(normalize, mean=self.image_mean, std=self.image_std, data_format=self.data_format),
            partial(to_channel_dimension_format, channel_dim=self.data_format, input_channel_dim=self.data_format),
        ]

        images = reduce(lambda x, f: [*map(f, x)], transforms, images)
        data = {"pixel_values": images}

        return BatchFeature(data=data, tensor_type=return_tensors)


class InternVideo2VisionConfig:
    model_type = "internvideo2_vision_model"

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_frames=4,
        hidden_size=128,
        num_hidden_layers=2,
        num_attention_heads=16,
        num_channels=3,
        image_size=224,
        patch_size=14,
        x_vis_return_idx=-2,
        sep_image_video_pos_embed=True,
        use_checkpoint=False,
        checkpoint_num=40,
        # **kwargs,
    ):
        # super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.num_frames = num_frames
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.num_hidden_layers = num_hidden_layers
        self.num_attention_heads = num_attention_heads
        self.num_channels = num_channels
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.image_size = image_size
        self.x_vis_return_idx = x_vis_return_idx
        self.sep_image_video_pos_embed = sep_image_video_pos_embed
        self.use_checkpoint = use_checkpoint
        self.checkpoint_num = checkpoint_num


def build_vit(config, pt_type='origin'):

    model = PretrainVisionTransformer_clean(
        in_chans=config.num_channels, img_size=config.image_size, patch_size=config.patch_size,
        embed_dim=config.hidden_size, depth=config.num_hidden_layers, num_heads=config.num_attention_heads, mlp_ratio=48/11,
        # clip_embed_dim=config.vision_encoder.clip_embed_dim,
        attn_pool_num_heads=16, qkv_bias=False,
        drop_path_rate=0.25,
        init_values=0.00001,
        qk_normalization=True,
        use_flash_attn=torch.cuda.is_available(),
        use_fused_rmsnorm=False,
        use_fused_mlp=False,
        fused_mlp_heuristic=1,
        layerscale_no_force_fp32=False,
        num_frames=config.num_frames,
        tubelet_size=1,
        sep_pos_embed=False,
        sep_image_video_pos_embed=config.sep_image_video_pos_embed,
        use_checkpoint=config.use_checkpoint,
        checkpoint_num=config.checkpoint_num,
        x_vis_return_idx=config.x_vis_return_idx,
        x_vis_only=True
    )

    if config.num_frames != 4:
        raise NotImplementedError


    return model



class InternVideo2VisionTower(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, vision_tower, vision_tower_cfg, delay_load=False, pt_type='origin', image_size=224):
        super().__init__()

        self.is_loaded = False
        self.pt_type = pt_type

        self.config = InternVideo2VisionConfig(num_frames=vision_tower_cfg.mm_local_num_frames, x_vis_return_idx=vision_tower_cfg.mm_vision_select_layer, image_size=image_size)

        self.vision_tower_name = vision_tower

        self.image_processor = InternVideo2ImageProcessor(size=(image_size, image_size))

        if not delay_load:
            print(f"Loading vision tower: {vision_tower}")
            self.load_model()
        elif getattr(vision_tower_cfg, "unfreeze_mm_vision_tower", False):
            # TODO: better detector is needed.
            print(f"The checkpoint seems to contain `vision_tower` weights: `unfreeze_mm_vision_tower`: True.")
            self.load_model()
        elif hasattr(vision_tower_cfg, "mm_tunable_parts") and "mm_vision_tower" in vision_tower_cfg.mm_tunable_parts:
            print(f"The checkpoint seems to contain `vision_tower` weights: `mm_tunable_parts` contains `mm_vision_tower`.")
            self.load_model()
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError
            self.cfg_only = self.config

    def load_model(self, device_map=None):
        if self.is_loaded:
            print("{} is already loaded, `load_model` called again, skipping.".format(self.vision_tower_name))
            return

        self.vision_tower = build_vit(self.config, pt_type=self.pt_type)
        self.vision_tower.requires_grad_(False)

        self.is_loaded = True

    def forward(self, images):
        if type(images) is list:
            raise NotImplementedError
        else:
            # input: B T C H W
            # output: B T*L C
            T = images.shape[1]
            images = images.permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4)
            image_embeds = self.vision_tower(images, use_image=(T == 1))

        return image_embeds[:, 1:, :]

    @property
    def dummy_feature(self):
        return torch.zeros(1, self.hidden_size, device=self.device, dtype=self.dtype)

    @property
    def dtype(self):
        for p in self.vision_tower.parameters():
            return p.dtype

    @property
    def device(self):
        for p in self.vision_tower.parameters():
            return p.device

    @property
    def hidden_size(self):
        return self.config.hidden_size

    @property
    def num_patches(self):
        return (self.config.image_size // self.config.patch_size) ** 2

    @property
    def num_patches_per_side(self):
        return self.config.image_size // self.config.patch_size

    @property
    def image_size(self):
        return self.config.image_size


def build_vision_tower(vision_tower_cfg, **kwargs):
    vision_tower = getattr(vision_tower_cfg, "mm_vision_tower", getattr(vision_tower_cfg, "vision_tower", None))
    return InternVideo2VisionTower(vision_tower, vision_tower_cfg=vision_tower_cfg, **kwargs)