Attention Drift: What Autoregressive Speculative Decoding Models Learn

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by drafting future tokens with a small model, but drafter models degrade sharply under template perturbation and long-context inputs. We identify a previously-unreported phenomenon we call attention drift: as the drafter generates successive tokens within a speculation chain, attention progressively moves from the prompt onto its own recently-generated tokens. We observe this across both EAGLE3 drafters and MTP heads, suggesting drift is a property of drafter designs. We trace this to the un-normalized residual path between chain steps: the drafter's hidden state magnitude grows monotonically with chain depth, which exhibits dynamics consistent with additional pre-norm transformer layers stacked on the target rather than as a standalone autoregressive predictor. In order to limit the growth, we propose two architectural changes: Post-norm on the drafter hidden states and per-hidden-state RMSNorm after capturing target hidden states. Our interventions improve acceptance length over the current leading model, pre-norm EAGLE3, by up to 2times under template perturbation, 1.18times on long-context tasks, and 1.10times on seven standard benchmarks spanning multi-turn chat, math, and coding. Our changes also allow shorter train-time-test depths to generalize over longer drafting sequences.