Papers
arxiv:2609.24983

onPanda: Efficient Annotation of On-Policy Alignment Data for LLMs and Agents via Token-Level Correction

Published on Sep 21
· Submitted by
Licheng Liu
on Sep 22
Authors:
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,

Abstract

We present onPanda, an interactive tool for efficiently annotating LLM alignment data and agent trajectories. onPanda adopts token-level correction as its core interaction: while reading a model response, the annotator locates the first inappropriate token and either picks a substitute from the model's candidate tokens or types the correct text via free-form editing. The system then truncates everything after that position and continues generation from the corrected prefix, repeating this locate-correct-continue loop until a satisfactory response is obtained. This mechanism lets annotators precisely steer model outputs at low cost: a small controlled study suggests that onPanda reduces median annotation time by 52% over manual post-editing. Since the vast majority of tokens in the final response are generated by the model itself, the resulting data largely preserves the model's sampling distribution and is well suited for constructing on-policy SFT and preference data. Furthermore, the token-level corrections recorded during annotation provide fine-grained supervision with precise positions and naturally paired positive--negative samples. onPanda also connects to external tools and harnesses, enabling interactive trajectory annotation in realistic environments. In addition, we release Panda-CVL, a dataset annotated with onPanda, together with a benchmark for token-level correction.

Community

We’ve open-sourced onPanda, an interactive tool for data annotation and model inspection! 🐼

For data annotation:

  • Reduce median annotation time by 52%.
  • Collect both SFT and preference data in the same workflow.
  • Produce SFT data with high on-policy fidelity: ∆PPL less than 1%.
  • Capture token-level supervision with exact correction locations and naturally paired positive and negative examples—a promising direction for future LLM alignment.
  • Annotate agent trajectories, with support for image, audio, and video inputs.

For model inspection and debugging:

  • Inspect each token’s probability and its top-k alternatives, and steer LLM decoding at the token level.
  • Try SVG generation, web development, and agent tasks directly in your browser, with no installation or configuration needed.

Try it online (works on mobile): https://onpanda.diyer22.com

Detailed introduction on X: https://x.com/diyerxx/status/2101020850405462041

We’d love to hear your feedback!

Paper author

Some use cases:

onPanda's token-level correction interface:
image

You can modify and control everything the model outputs, including reasoning and tool_calls.
Annotating an agent trajectory with onPanda:
image

onPanda can recompute token probabilities for any trajectory:
image

See the token sequence as the model actually receives it:
image

By using the browser as a harness, onPanda combines JavaScript execution, information gathering, UI interaction, multimedia I/O, local file access, and persistent memory in one agent environment:
image

Sign up or log in to comment

Get this paper in your agent:

hf papers read 2609.24983
Don't have the latest CLI?
curl -LsSf https://hf.co/cli/install.sh | bash

Models citing this paper 0

No model linking this paper

Cite arxiv.org/abs/2609.24983 in a model README.md to link it from this page.

Datasets citing this paper 0

No dataset linking this paper

Cite arxiv.org/abs/2609.24983 in a dataset README.md to link it from this page.

Spaces citing this paper 0

No Space linking this paper

Cite arxiv.org/abs/2609.24983 in a Space README.md to link it from this page.

Collections including this paper 0

No Collection including this paper

Add this paper to a collection to link it from this page.