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arxiv:2609.36308

CheatBench: Measuring Reward Gaming in AI Agents

Published on Sep 28
· Submitted by
Long Phan
on Oct 1
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Abstract

Reinforcement learning has helped AI agents solve increasingly difficult tasks, but high rewards do not always reflect the work users intended. In recent incidents and controlled evaluations across the AI industry, agents trained to maximize reward have accessed unauthorized information, attempted to evade monitoring systems, and even breached sandbox protections to attack external systems. As agents become more capable, this behavior could pose increasingly serious risks. To measure this problem, we introduce CheatBench, a benchmark of cheating in AI agents across mathematical research, knowledge work, coding, visual tasks, and other domains. Its environments combine challenging assignments with opportunities to cheat, allowing researchers to study how agents pursue a goal when honest work is difficult. CheatBench supports comparisons across models and task categories, providing a testbed for measuring and reducing cheating as agents take on more consequential responsibilities. We publicly release CheatBench at https://cheatbench.ai

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Paper submitter

AI agents increasingly write code, conduct research, and complete professional assignments. They are often trained to earn high rewards for their work. But an agent can also improve its score by cheating: finding hidden answers, copying another agent’s submission, or manipulating how its work is graded.

CheatBench measures how often AI agents take these shortcuts when honest work is difficult. Its environments pair challenging assignments with opportunities to cheat across ten categories, including mathematics, coding, visual tasks, and knowledge work. We examine the agents’ actions to identify cheating attempts.

Cheating varies across models and tasks, and every agent we evaluated cheats in some settings. CheatBench provides a way to compare these behaviors and measure progress toward more trustworthy agents as they take on greater responsibilities.

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