From Stages to States: Unified Iterative Reasoning for MLLMs

Multimodal Chain-of-Thought (MCoT) substantially enhances the complex reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by explicitly modeling intermediate reasoning processes. However, most learning-based MCoT methods follow a stage-centric paradigm, where different reasoning behaviors are assigned to predefined stages and optimized separately. This results in fragmented reasoning and a training-inference reasoning-state gap. To address these limitations, we propose ReState, a unified iterative reasoning framework that reformulates multimodal reasoning from a stage-driven pipeline into a state-driven dynamic process. It comprises two complementary components: Unified Reasoning State Modeling (URSM) and Closed-Loop Reasoning-State Learning (CRSL). URSM unifies reasoning construction, correct reasoning preservation, and erroneous reasoning correction as reasoning-state transitions within a shared state space, enabling these heterogeneous reasoning behaviors to be learned jointly. CRSL further incorporates self-generated historical reasoning states during training and recursively updates the current state during inference, thereby mitigating the reasoning-state gap and enabling iterative self-refinement without requiring an additional reflection module, critic, or independent correction stage. Furthermore, we construct VersaCoT-10K, a high-quality CoT dataset spanning eight visual reasoning domains, which provides diverse supervision for multi-domain reasoning and reasoning-state refinement. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ReState exhibits strong adaptability across different MLLM backbones and achieves strong performance on multiple public reasoning benchmarks, supporting the shift from stage-centric reasoning toward state-centric reasoning. Our data and code are available at https://github.com/YuChuang1205/ReState