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arxiv:2610.42053

REA: A Routed Embodied Agent Runtime for Asynchronous Brain-Cerebellum Control

Published on Oct 30
· Submitted by
Pengfei Zhou
on Nov 2
Authors:
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Abstract

REA unifies deliberative and reactive policies in a single runtime with asynchronous coordination, achieving high success rates with reduced control overhead across simulated and real robot tasks.

Foundation models are becoming remarkably reliable at high-level reasoning, yet they remain too slow and costly to serve as fine-grained controllers. Conversely, fast policies like VLAs and whole-body controllers offer more efficient reflexes, but struggle to generalize. While pairing a deliberative brain (foundation models) with a reactive cerebellum (fast policies) seems natural for embodied systems, two obstacles remain: methods are built and scored on incompatible stacks, and their asynchronous coordination is difficult. For example, an agent that calls the VLA in the agentic loop can stall the fast execution, while a VLA that calls the agent on errors tends to re-trigger fallbacks repeatedly or completely miss silent failures. To address this, we propose REA (Routed Embodied Agent), a unified runtime where a deliberative System 2, an embodied router System 1 and reactive System 0 policies cooperate under a single golden rule - no running policy waits on the brain. Instead of querying the brain at each failure, REA employs a route memory that stores each policy's measured success ahead of time, a boundary-triggered judge gate that consults the brain on policy execution, and a shared-budget escalation ladder for bounded recovery. Evaluated on 3,000 test episodes across 60 LIBERO-Pro tasks, REA reaches 95.9% success and beats the best single-agent baseline in its own policy pool (94.7%) while reducing control steps by 25% and control time by 17%. In a separate 100-episode RoboTwin 2.0 study, REA achieves 84% success with VLA policies and 86% with VLA+code, compared with 80% for the strongest single VLA baseline MEDex. These results demonstrate learned and programmatic policies operating within the same runtime. REA also transfers to BEHAVIOR-1K and a real Unitree G1 humanoid, achieving the highest observed success among the compared methods.

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Paper submitter

REA offers a practical way to coordinate slow reasoning of the embodied agent with fast robot policies, improving reliability through routing and recovery while keeping ongoing execution independent of the brain’s latency.

Please reconsider your "System 1" "System 2" type of perspective on thinking. Neuroscience has pretty clearly shown that it's far more complicated then that. I guess you improved something a bit, and that's neat, but it's a toxic dumb idea and I'm dissapointed in you for using it as a frame.

·

Thanks for raising this. We use System 0/1/2 as shorthand for the functional roles in our embodied architecture, reactive execution, orchestrator, and deliberative reasoning. It is not as a claim about how human cognition is organized. Likewise, “brain–cerebellum” is an embodied engineering analogy, not a proposed biological mapping.

The contribution is the runtime and its coordination mechanisms: ongoing policies never wait on slower reasoning, while routing and bounded recovery handle failures. These mechanisms do not depend on a dual-process account of cognition. It’s fair to question whether the terminology makes that distinction clear enough, and we appreciate that feedback.

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