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README.md
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license: mit
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---
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license: mit
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tags:
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- bitnet
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- speculative-decoding
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- medusa
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- ternary-weights
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- efficient-inference
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- cpu-inference
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language:
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- en
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base_model: microsoft/BitNet-b1.58-2B-4T
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library_name: gguf
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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---
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# MedusaBitNet 2B-4T
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**First integration of [Medusa speculative decoding](https://github.com/FasterDecoding/Medusa) with [BitNet b1.58](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/BitNet-b1.58-2B-4T) ternary-weight inference.**
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4 lightweight Medusa heads trained on the frozen BitNet b1.58 2B-4T backbone. Generates 2.21 tokens per backbone step with only 1.7% model size overhead.
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## Key Results
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| Metric | Value |
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|---|---|
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| Medusa speedup | **2.21x** (measured, 40K positions) |
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| Head 1 acceptance (t+1) | 67.6% |
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| Head 2 acceptance (t+2) | 33.2% |
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| Head 3 acceptance (t+3) | 14.2% |
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| Head 4 acceptance (t+4) | 6.3% |
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| Vanilla BitNet throughput | 72.7 tok/s (Zen 5, 16 threads) |
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| Projected Medusa throughput | 160.7 tok/s |
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| Medusa head size | 13 MB (f16) |
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| Total model size | 764 MB (backbone + heads) |
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### Head-to-Head Benchmarks (same hardware, same prompts)
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| Model | Params | Gen tok/s | Size |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| Llama 3.2 1B (Q4_K_M) | 1.0B | 115.9 | 808 MB |
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| Qwen2.5 1.5B (Q4_K_M) | 1.5B | 88.8 | 1117 MB |
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| **BitNet b1.58 2B (I2_S)** | **2.4B** | **72.7** | **1187 MB** |
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| Gemma 2 2B (Q4_K_M) | 2.0B | 50.5 | 1709 MB |
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Hardware: AMD Ryzen AI MAX+ 395 (Strix Halo), 16 Zen 5 cores, 93GB LPDDR5x.
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## Files
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- `medusa_heads_step2000.pt` β Trained Medusa head weights (4 heads, 1 layer each, hidden=2560). Load with `torch.load()`.
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- `ggml-model-i2_s-medusa.gguf` β Merged GGUF: BitNet backbone (I2_S quantized) + Medusa heads (f16). For use with [bitnet.cpp](https://github.com/microsoft/BitNet) llama-medusa binary.
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## Architecture
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```
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BitNet b1.58 2B-4T (frozen) 4 Medusa Heads (13 MB)
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βββββββββββββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββββββ
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β 30 layers β β Head 1: t+1 67.6%β
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β 2560 hidden β ββhβββ β Head 2: t+2 33.2%β βββ 2.21 tok/step
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β Ternary {-1, 0, 1} β β Head 3: t+3 14.2%β
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β 751 MB (I2_S) β β Head 4: t+4 6.3%β
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βββββββββββββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββββββ
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```
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Each head is a residual block: `h + W_out @ SiLU(W_in @ h)`, projected through the shared lm_head to vocab logits.
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## Training
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- **Data:** [tatsu-lab/alpaca](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tatsu-lab/alpaca) (52K examples, 4.14M tokens)
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- **Method:** Cache backbone hidden states, then train heads on cached features
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- **Steps:** 2000 (loss 9.85 β 3.32)
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- **Hardware:** AMD Ryzen AI MAX+ 395 (Strix Halo), CPU-only
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- **Time:** ~4h caching + ~7h training = ~11h total
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- **Optimizer:** AdamW (lr=1e-3, cosine schedule, 50 warmup steps)
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## Current Status
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**What's proven (measured):**
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- Medusa acceptance rates on cached hidden states (Python, 40K positions)
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- Head-to-head throughput: 4 models benchmarked on identical hardware
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- Training convergence: loss and accuracy curves over 2000 steps
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**What needs work:**
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- End-to-end C++ Medusa inference: the GGUF backbone's I2_S kernel lacks BitNet-style activation quantization, causing hidden state distribution mismatch. The Medusa heads work correctly in Python but not yet through the C++ path.
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- TL2 optimized ternary GEMM kernels for 2B-4T dimensions (generated but not loading)
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## Usage
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### Python (verified working)
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```python
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import torch
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from model import MedusaHeads
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# Load heads
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ckpt = torch.load("medusa_heads_step2000.pt", map_location="cpu")
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heads = MedusaHeads(hidden_size=2560, vocab_size=128256,
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num_heads=4, num_layers_per_head=1, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
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heads.load_state_dict(ckpt["heads"])
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```
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### C++ (architecture works, speculation pending kernel fix)
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```bash
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# Build bitnet.cpp with Medusa patch
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cd bitnet.cpp/3rdparty/llama.cpp
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git apply ../../../MedusaBitNet/patches/medusa-llama-cpp.patch
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# Run
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./build/bin/llama-medusa -m ggml-model-i2_s-medusa.gguf \
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-p "Your prompt here" -n 128 -t 16
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```
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## Credits
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- **Medusa:** Tianle Cai, Yuhong Li, Zhengyang Geng, Hongwu Peng, Jason D. Lee, Deming Chen, Tri Dao. [Paper (ICML 2024)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.10774), [Code](https://github.com/FasterDecoding/Medusa) (Apache 2.0)
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- **BitNet b1.58:** Microsoft Research. [Model](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/BitNet-b1.58-2B-4T) (MIT), [bitnet.cpp](https://github.com/microsoft/BitNet) (MIT)
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- **llama.cpp:** Georgi Gerganov et al. (MIT)
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- **Built with:** [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/claude-code) (Anthropic, Opus 4.6)
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{corcoran2025medusabitnet,
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title={MedusaBitNet: Speculative Decoding for Ternary-Weight LLMs},
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author={Parrish Corcoran},
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year={2025},
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url={https://github.com/parrishcorcoran/MedusaBitNet}
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}
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```
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## License
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MIT
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