[ { "id": "8bed5b81-b24b-4db1-bd2c-20ecb691b346", "adv_source_id": "8bed5b81-b24b-4db1-bd2c-20ecb691b346", "source_id": "8bed5b81-b24b-4db1-bd2c-20ecb691b346", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transport through a quantum dot subject to spin and charge bias: Kondo\n regime", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spin and charge transport through a quantum dot coupled to external\nnonmagnetic leads is analyzed theoretically in terms of the non-equilibrium\nGreen function formalism based on the equation of motion method. The dot is\nassumed to be subject to spin and charge bias, and the considerations are\nfocused on the Kondo effect in spin and charge transport. It is shown that the\ndifferential spin conductance as a function of spin bias reveals a typical\nzero-bias Kondo anomaly which becomes split when either magnetic field or\ncharge bias are applied. Significantly different behavior is found for mixed\ncharge/spin conductance. The influence of electron-phonon coupling in the dot\non tunneling current as well as on both spin and charge conductance is also\nanalyzed.\n" }, { "id": "0d4dbf4e-095d-447b-ba37-5df09435c216", "adv_source_id": "0d4dbf4e-095d-447b-ba37-5df09435c216", "source_id": "0d4dbf4e-095d-447b-ba37-5df09435c216", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Ionization State of the Halo Planetary Nebula NGC 2438", "prompt": null, "generation": " NGC 2438 is a classical multiple shell or halo planetary nebula (PN). Its\ncentral star and the main nebula are well studied. Also it was target of\nvarious hydrodynamic simulations (Corradi et al. 2000). This initiated a\ndiscussion whether the haloes are mainly containing recombined gas\n(Schoenberner et al. 2002), or if they are still ionized (Armsdorfer et al.\n2003). An analysis of narrow-band images and long slit spectra at multiple slit\npositions was done to obtain a deeper look on morphological details and the\nproperties of the outer shell and halo. For this work there was data available\nfrom ESO (direct imaging and long slit spectroscopy) and from SAAO\n(spectroscopic observations using a small slit - scanning over the whole\nnebula). Using temperature measurements from emission lines resulted in an\nelectron temperature which clearly indicates a fully ionized stage.\nAdditionally measurements of the electron density suggest a variation of the\nfilling factor.\n" }, { "id": "750d0eb3-b105-4595-bab8-31be764409ad", "adv_source_id": "750d0eb3-b105-4595-bab8-31be764409ad", "source_id": "750d0eb3-b105-4595-bab8-31be764409ad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Hawking temperature in the context of dark energy", "prompt": null, "generation": " An emergent gravity metric incorporating $k-$essence scalar fields $\\phi$\nhaving a Born-Infeld type lagrangian is mapped into a metric whose structure is\nsimilar to that of a blackhole of large mass $M$ that has swallowed a global\nmonopole. However, here the field is not that of a monopole but rather that of\na $k-$essence scalar field. If $\\phi_{emergent}$ be solutions of the emergent\ngravity equations of motion under cosmological boundary conditions at $\\infty$,\nthen for $r\\rightarrow\\infty$ the rescaled field $\\frac\n{\\phi_{emergent}}{2GM-1}$ has exact correspondence with $\\phi$ with\n$\\phi(r,t)=\\phi_{1}(r)+\\phi_{2}(t)$. The Hawking temperature of this metric is\n$T_{\\mathrm emergent}= \\frac{\\hbar c^{3}}{8\\pi GM k_{\\mathrm B}}(1-K)^{2}\\equiv\n\\frac{\\hbar}{8\\pi GM k_{\\mathrm B}}(1-K)^{2}$, taking the speed of light $c=1$.\nHere $K=\\dot\\phi_{2}^{2}$ is the kinetic energy of the $k-$essence field $\\phi$\nand $K$ is always less than unity, $k_{\\mathrm B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.\nThis is phenomenologically interesting in the context of Belgiorno {\\it et\nal's} gravitational analogue experiment.\n" }, { "id": "906f1a60-8b90-4978-9592-bfed5a81b16c", "adv_source_id": "906f1a60-8b90-4978-9592-bfed5a81b16c", "source_id": "906f1a60-8b90-4978-9592-bfed5a81b16c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Highway Hull Revisited", "prompt": null, "generation": " A highway H is a line in the plane on which one can travel at a greater speed\nthan in the remaining plane. One can choose to enter and exit H at any point.\nThe highway time distance between a pair of points is the minimum time required\nto move from one point to the other, with optional use of H.\n The highway hull HH(S,H) of a point set S is the minimal set containing S as\nwell as the shortest paths between all pairs of points in HH(S,H), using the\nhighway time distance.\n We provide a Theta(n log n) worst-case time algorithm to find the highway\nhull under the L_1 metric, as well as an O(n log^2 n) time algorithm for the\nL_2 metric which improves the best known result of O(n^2).\n We also define and construct the useful region of the plane: the region that\na highway must intersect in order that the shortest path between at least one\npair of points uses the highway.\n" }, { "id": "d32ff4a6-98fe-431b-bbfc-bdc9230dbda6", "adv_source_id": "d32ff4a6-98fe-431b-bbfc-bdc9230dbda6", "source_id": "d32ff4a6-98fe-431b-bbfc-bdc9230dbda6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electron-positron Annihilation Lines and Decaying Sterile Neutrinos", "prompt": null, "generation": " If massive sterile neutrinos exist, their decays into photons and/or\nelectron-positron pairs may give rise to observable consequences. We consider\nthe possibility that MeV sterile neutrino decays lead to the diffuse positron\nannihilation line in the Milky Way center, and we thus obtain bounds on the\nsterile neutrino decay rate $\\Gamma_e \\ge 10^{-28}$ s$^{-1}$ from relevant\nastrophysical/cosmological data. Also, we expect a soft gamma flux of $1.2\n\\times 10^{-4}-9.7 \\times 10^{-4}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ from the Milky Way\ncenter which shows up as a small MeV bump in the background photon spectrum.\nFurthermore, we estimate the flux of active neutrinos produced by sterile\nneutrino decays to be $0.02-0.1$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ passing through the earth.\n" }, { "id": "a39a5352-1a49-4074-a038-2bfc65ad6050", "adv_source_id": "a39a5352-1a49-4074-a038-2bfc65ad6050", "source_id": "a39a5352-1a49-4074-a038-2bfc65ad6050", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Impact of graphene quantum capacitance on transport spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate experimentally that graphene quantum capacitance\n$C_{\\mathrm{q}}$ can have a strong impact on transport spectroscopy through the\ninterplay with nearby charge reservoirs. The effect is elucidated in a\nfield-effect-gated epitaxial graphene device, in which interface states serve\nas charge reservoirs. The Fermi-level dependence of $C_{\\mathrm{q}}$ is\nmanifested as an unusual parabolic gate voltage ($V_{\\mathrm{g}}$) dependence\nof the carrier density, centered on the Dirac point. Consequently, in high\nmagnetic fields $B$, the spectroscopy of longitudinal resistance ($R_{xx}$) vs.\n$V_{\\mathrm{g}}$ represents the structure of the unequally spaced relativistic\ngraphene Landau levels (LLs). $R_{xx}$ mapping vs. $V_{\\mathrm{g}}$ and $B$\nthus reveals the vital role of the zero-energy LL on the development of the\nanomalously wide $\\nu=2$ quantum Hall state.\n" }, { "id": "6a4a1f88-79ea-4ed5-ab32-574d857f4da4", "adv_source_id": "6a4a1f88-79ea-4ed5-ab32-574d857f4da4", "source_id": "6a4a1f88-79ea-4ed5-ab32-574d857f4da4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Low-scale Leptogenesis and Dark Matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " The addition of gauge singlet fermions to the Standard Model Lagrangian\nrenders the neutrinos massive and allows one to explain all that is\nexperimentally known about neutrino masses and lepton mixing. At the same time,\nthe gauge singlet fermion decays in the early universe produce a lepton\nasymmetry, which is converted to a baryon asymmetry via Spharelon processes\n(leptogenesis). On the other hand, the addition of a gauge singlet scalar to\nthe Standard Model yields a thermal dark matter candidate through interactions\nbetween the Higgs boson and the gauge singlet scalar. By imposing a $Z_2$\nsymmetry on the gauge singlet scalar and one of the gauge singlet fermions, we\ncan have viable dark matter candidates and new interactions coupling the\n$Z_2$-odd scalar to the $Z_2$-odd fermion, which can lower the leptogenesis\nscale (and the reheating temperature) to $\\mathcal{O}$(TeV).\n" }, { "id": "2a6d3a0f-74d4-4966-bf0f-88d5de3d7d7f", "adv_source_id": "2a6d3a0f-74d4-4966-bf0f-88d5de3d7d7f", "source_id": "2a6d3a0f-74d4-4966-bf0f-88d5de3d7d7f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dark matter halo abundances, clustering and assembly histories at high\n redshift", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use a suite of high-resolution N-body simulations to study the properties,\nabundance and clustering of high mass halos at high redshift, including their\nmass assembly histories and mergers. We find that the analytic form which best\nfits the abundance of halos depends sensitively on the assumed definition of\nhalo mass, with common definitions of halo mass differing by a factor of two\nfor these low concentration, massive halos. A significant number of massive\nhalos are undergoing rapid mass accretion, with major merger activity being\ncommon. We compare the mergers and mass accretion histories to the extended\nPress-Schechter formalism.\n We consider how major merger induced star formation or black hole accretion\nmay change the distribution of photon production from collapsed halos, and\nhence reionization, using some simplified examples. In all of these, the photon\ndistribution for a halo of a given mass acquires a large scatter. If rare, high\nmass halos contribute significantly to the photon production rates, the scatter\nin photon production rate can translate into additional scatter in the sizes of\nionized bubbles.\n" }, { "id": "f8d2d1ca-c25c-42ae-a5b5-b1a5cd77aa1e", "adv_source_id": "f8d2d1ca-c25c-42ae-a5b5-b1a5cd77aa1e", "source_id": "f8d2d1ca-c25c-42ae-a5b5-b1a5cd77aa1e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "VHE gamma-rays from Westerlund 2 and implications for the inferred\n energetics", "prompt": null, "generation": " The H.E.S.S. collaboration recently reported the discovery of VHE gamma-ray\nemission coincident with the young stellar cluster Westerlund 2. This system is\nknown to host a population of hot, massive stars, and, most particularly, the\nWR binary WR20a. Particle acceleration to TeV energies in Westerlund 2 can be\naccomplished in several alternative scenarios, therefore we only discuss\nenergetic constraints based on the total available kinetic energy in the\nsystem, the actual mass loss rates of respective cluster members, and implied\ngamma-ray production from processes such as inverse Compton scattering or\nneutral pion decay. From the inferred gamma-ray luminosity of the order of\n10^35 erg/s, implications for the efficiency of converting available kinetic\nenergy into non-thermal radiation associated with stellar winds in the\nWesterlund 2 cluster are discussed under consideration of either the presence\nor absence of wind clumping.\n" }, { "id": "3ef887b9-0552-4bb5-948f-7e90ff81dbb1", "adv_source_id": "3ef887b9-0552-4bb5-948f-7e90ff81dbb1", "source_id": "3ef887b9-0552-4bb5-948f-7e90ff81dbb1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The structures of Hausdorff metric in non-Archimedean spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " For non-Archimedean spaces $ X $ and $ Y, $ let $ \\mathcal{M}_{\\flat } (X),\n\\mathfrak{M}(V \\rightarrow W) $ and $ \\mathfrak{D}_{\\flat }(X, Y) $ be the\nballean of $ X $ (the family of the balls in $ X $), the space of mappings from\n$ X $ to $ Y, $ and the space of mappings from the ballen of $ X $ to $ Y, $\nrespectively. By studying explicitly the Hausdorff metric structures related to\nthese spaces, we construct several families of new metric structures (e.g., $\n\\widehat{\\rho } _{u}, \\widehat{\\beta }_{X, Y}^{\\lambda }, \\widehat{\\beta }_{X,\nY}^{\\ast \\lambda } $) on the corresponding spaces, and study their convergence,\nstructural relation, law of variation in the variable $ \\lambda, $ including\nsome normed algebra structure. To some extent, the class $ \\widehat{\\beta }_{X,\nY}^{\\lambda } $ is a counterpart of the usual Levy-Prohorov metric in the\nprobability measure spaces, but it behaves very differently, and is interesting\nin itself. Moreover, when $ X $ is compact and $ Y = K $ is a complete\nnon-Archimedean field, we construct and study a Dudly type metric of the space\nof $ K-$valued measures on $ X. $\n" }, { "id": "447ca0e6-58be-478a-abe0-b1b3bce9ae29", "adv_source_id": "447ca0e6-58be-478a-abe0-b1b3bce9ae29", "source_id": "447ca0e6-58be-478a-abe0-b1b3bce9ae29", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simplified Hydrostatic Carbon Burning in White Dwarf Interiors", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce two simplified nuclear networks that can be used in hydrostatic\ncarbon burning reactions occurring in white dwarf interiors. They model the\nrelevant nuclear reactions in carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (COWDs) approaching\nignition in Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors, including the effects of the\nmain e-captures and \\beta-decays that drive the convective Urca process. They\nare based on studies of a detailed nuclear network compiled by the authors and\nare defined by approximate sets of differential equations whose derivations are\nincluded in the text. The first network, N1, provides a good first order\nestimation of the distribution of ashes and it also provides a simple picture\nof the main reactions occurring during this phase of evolution. The second\nnetwork, N2, is a more refined version of N1 and can reproduce the evolution of\nthe main physical properties of the full network to the 5% level. We compare\nthe evolution of the mole fraction of the relevant nuclei, the neutron excess,\nthe photon energy generation and the neutrino losses between both simplified\nnetworks and the detailed reaction network in a fixed temperature and density\nparcel of gas.\n" }, { "id": "b88d5cc2-2cfe-4f04-aaeb-3924993018ff", "adv_source_id": "b88d5cc2-2cfe-4f04-aaeb-3924993018ff", "source_id": "b88d5cc2-2cfe-4f04-aaeb-3924993018ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Statistics of geodesics in large quadrangulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the statistical properties of geodesics, i.e. paths of minimal\nlength, in large random planar quadrangulations. We extend Schaeffer's\nwell-labeled tree bijection to the case of quadrangulations with a marked\ngeodesic, leading to the notion of \"spine trees\", amenable to a direct\nenumeration. We obtain the generating functions for quadrangulations with a\nmarked geodesic of fixed length, as well as with a set of \"confluent\ngeodesics\", i.e. a collection of non-intersecting minimal paths connecting two\ngiven points. In the limit of quadrangulations with a large area n, we find in\nparticular an average number 3*2^i of geodesics between two fixed points at\ndistance i>>1 from each other. We show that, for generic endpoints, two\nconfluent geodesics remain close to each other and have an extensive number of\ncontacts. This property fails for a few \"exceptional\" endpoints which can be\nlinked by truly distinct geodesics. Results are presented both in the case of\nfinite length i and in the scaling limit i ~ n^(1/4). In particular, we give\nthe scaling distribution of the exceptional points.\n" }, { "id": "68743dee-28a1-49a8-9cc8-4f52fc9fe4bc", "adv_source_id": "68743dee-28a1-49a8-9cc8-4f52fc9fe4bc", "source_id": "68743dee-28a1-49a8-9cc8-4f52fc9fe4bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structural, elastic and thermal properties of cementite (Fe$_3$C)\n calculated using Modified Embedded Atom Method", "prompt": null, "generation": " Structural, elastic and thermal properties of cementite (Fe$_3$C) were\nstudied using a Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) potential for iron-carbon\n(Fe-C) alloys. Previously developed Fe and C single element potentials were\nused to develop an Fe-C alloy MEAM potential, using a statistically-based\noptimization scheme to reproduce structural and elastic properties of\ncementite, the interstitial energies of C in bcc Fe as well as heat of\nformation of Fe-C alloys in L$_{12}$ and B$_1$ structures. The stability of\ncementite was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations at high\ntemperatures. The nine single crystal elastic constants for cementite were\nobtained by computing total energies for strained cells. Polycrystalline\nelastic moduli for cementite were calculated from the single crystal elastic\nconstants of cementite. The formation energies of (001), (010), and (100)\nsurfaces of cementite were also calculated. The melting temperature and the\nvariation of specific heat and volume with respect to temperature were\ninvestigated by performing a two-phase (solid/liquid) molecular dynamics\nsimulation of cementite. The predictions of the potential are in good agreement\nwith first-principles calculations and experiments.\n" }, { "id": "20473564-3af7-4229-b9f0-7f2c03ba9e92", "adv_source_id": "20473564-3af7-4229-b9f0-7f2c03ba9e92", "source_id": "20473564-3af7-4229-b9f0-7f2c03ba9e92", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anisotropy of Magnetoresistance Hysteresis around the $\\nu=2/3$ Quantum\n Hall State in Tilted Magnetic Field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an anisotropy of the hysteretic transport around the spin\ntransition point at Landau level filling factor $\\nu=2/3$ in tilted magnetic\nfield. When the direction of the in-plane component of the magnetic field\n$B_{\\parallel}$ is normal to the probe current $I$, a strong hysteretic\ntransport due to the current-induced nuclear spin polarization occurs. When\n$B_{\\parallel}$ is parallel to $I$, on the other hand, the hysteresis almost\ndisappears. We also demonstrate that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate\n$T_{1}^{-1}$ at the transition point increases with decreasing angle between\nthe directions of $B_{\\parallel}$ and $I$. These results suggest that the\nmorphology of electron spin domains around $\\nu =2/3$ is affected by the\ncurrent direction.\n" }, { "id": "e4b68a41-b7df-4121-9fa2-85883e9ec473", "adv_source_id": "e4b68a41-b7df-4121-9fa2-85883e9ec473", "source_id": "e4b68a41-b7df-4121-9fa2-85883e9ec473", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chiral loop corrections to weak decays of B mesons to positive and\n negative parity charmed mesons", "prompt": null, "generation": " We determine chiral loop corrections to the B meson decay amplitudes to\npositive and negative parity charmed mesons within a framework which combines\nheavy quark and chiral symmetries. Then we investigate the impact of the\nlowest-lying positive parity heavy mesons on the determination of the\nIsgur-Wise functions. The corrections due to these states are competitive with\nthe contributions arising from K and eta meson loops. Since lattice studies\nrely on the chiral behavior of the amplitudes we discuss the chiral limit of\nour results. We find that the determination of the slope at zero recoil of the\nIsgur-Wise function xi for the B transition to negative parity charm mesons is\nmoderately affected by the inclusion of new states, while the slope of\ntau_{1/2} is affected significantly more.\n" }, { "id": "83adb6fe-fba5-466d-bf59-9baaef43d7f6", "adv_source_id": "83adb6fe-fba5-466d-bf59-9baaef43d7f6", "source_id": "83adb6fe-fba5-466d-bf59-9baaef43d7f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A lightweight dynamic pseudonym identity based authentication and key\n agreement protocol without verification tables for multi-server architecture", "prompt": null, "generation": " Traditional password based authentication schemes are mostly considered in\nsingle server environments. They are unfitted for the multi-server environments\nfrom two aspects. On the one hand, users need to register in each server and to\nstore large sets of data, including identities and passwords. On the other\nhand, servers are required to store a verification table containing user\nidentities and passwords. Recently, On the base on Sood et al.'s\nprotocol(2011), Li et al. proposed an improved dynamic identity based\nauthentication and key agreement protocol for multi-server architecture(2012).\nLi et al. claims that the proposed scheme can make up the security weaknesses\nof Sood et al.'s protocol. Unfortunately, our further research shows that Li et\nal.'s protocol contains several drawbacks and can not resist some types of\nknown attacks, such as replay attack, Deny-of-Service attack, internal attack,\neavesdropping attack, masquerade attack, and so on. In this paper, we further\npropose a light dynamic pseudonym identity based authentication and key\nagreement protocol for multi-server architecture. In our scheme, service\nproviding servers don't need to maintain verification tables for users. The\nproposed protocol provides not only the declared security features in Li et\nal.'s paper, but also some other security features, such as traceability and\nidentity protection.\n" }, { "id": "5b5b9be7-19f7-424c-a2a1-38b9139664fd", "adv_source_id": "5b5b9be7-19f7-424c-a2a1-38b9139664fd", "source_id": "5b5b9be7-19f7-424c-a2a1-38b9139664fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extraction of alpha_s and m_Q from Onia", "prompt": null, "generation": " We briefly review how precise determinations of the strong coupling constant\nand of the heavy quark masses may be obtained from heavy quarkonium. Such\ndeterminations are competitive with heavy quark masses extraction from other\nsystems and give an accurate value for the strong coupling constant at a\nrelatively low energy scale. In particular we report about a recent\ndetermination of $\\als$ from $\\Gamma(\\Upsilon(1S) \\to \\gamma\nX)/\\Gamma(\\Upsilon(1S) \\to X)$ with CLEO data which includes color octet\ncontributions and avoids model dependence in the extraction. The obtained value\nis $\\als (M_{\\Upsilon(1S)})= 0.184^{+0.015}_{-0.014}$, which corresponds to\n$\\als(M_Z) = 0.119^{+0.006}_{-0.005}$. Future prospects for more precise\nextractions of the heavy quark masses and $\\als$ are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "fd1fb511-e551-4483-a0b6-4a683e665de8", "adv_source_id": "fd1fb511-e551-4483-a0b6-4a683e665de8", "source_id": "fd1fb511-e551-4483-a0b6-4a683e665de8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Molecular Environment and an X-ray Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnant\n Kesteven 78", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the molecular environment of the Galactic supernova remnant\n(SNR) Kesteven 78 and perform an XMM-Newton X-ray spectroscopic study for the\nnortheastern edge of the remnant. SNR Kes78 is found to interact with the\nmolecular clouds (MCs) at a systemic local standard of rest velocity of 81km/s.\nAt around this velocity, the SNR appears to contact a long molecular strip in\nthe northeast and a large cloud in the east as revealed in the 13CO line, which\nmay be responsible for the radio brightness peak and the OH maser,\nrespectively. The 12CO-line bright region morphologically matches the eastern\nbright radio shell in general, and the SNR is consistent in extent with a CO\ncavity. Broadened 12CO line profiles discerned in the eastern maser region and\nthe western clumpy molecular arc and the elevated 12CO J=2-1/J=1-0 ratios along\nthe SNR boundary may be signatures of shock perturbation in the molecular gas.\nThe SNR-MC association places the SNR at a kinematic distance of 4.8 kpc. The\nX-rays arising from the northeastern radio shell are emitted by underionized\nhot (~1.5 keV), low-density (~0.1 cm^{-3}) plasma with solar abundance, and the\nplasma may be of intercloud origin. The age of the remnant is inferred to be\nabout 6 kyr. The size of the molecular cavity in Kes78 implies an initial mass\naround 22Msun for the progenitor.\n" }, { "id": "cba89d2b-7a7b-4d4b-b8c8-2f81f2a8e9fe", "adv_source_id": "cba89d2b-7a7b-4d4b-b8c8-2f81f2a8e9fe", "source_id": "cba89d2b-7a7b-4d4b-b8c8-2f81f2a8e9fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cosmological Phases of the String Thermal Effective Potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a superstring framework, the free energy density, F, can be determined\nunambiguously at the full string level once supersymmetry is spontaneously\nbroken via geometrical fluxes. We show explicitly that only the moduli\nassociated to the supersymmetry breaking may give relevant contributions. All\nother spectator moduli \\mu_I give exponentially suppressed contributions for\nrelatively small (as compared to the string scale) temperature, T, and\nsupersymmetry breaking scale, M. More concisely, for \\mu_I > T and M, F takes\nthe form\n F(T,M; \\mu_I)=F(T,M)+O[exp(- {\\mu_I\\over T}), exp(- {\\mu_I\\over M})]\n We study the cosmological regime where T and M are below the Hagedorn\ntemperature scale T_H. In this regime, F remains finite for any values of the\nspectator moduli \\mu_I. We investigate extensively the case of one spectator\nmodulus \\mu_d corresponding to R_d, the radius-modulus field of an internal\ncompactified dimension. We show that its thermal effective potential admits\nfive phases, each of which can be described by a distinct but different\neffective field theory. For late cosmological times, the Universe is attracted\nto a \"Radiation-like evolution\" with M(t) ~ T(t)~ 1/a(t)~ t^{-2/d}. The\nspectator modulus \\mu(t) is stabilized either to the stringy enhanced symmetry\npoint where R_d=1, or fixed at an arbitrary constant \\mu_0>T,M. For arbitrary\nboundary conditions at some initial time, t_E, \\mu(t) may pass through more\nthan one effective field theory phase before its final attraction.\n" }, { "id": "42178596-5acf-40d3-922a-8fd05836d6cc", "adv_source_id": "42178596-5acf-40d3-922a-8fd05836d6cc", "source_id": "42178596-5acf-40d3-922a-8fd05836d6cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Patent Overlay Mapping: Visualizing Technological Distance", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper presents a new global patent map that represents all technological\ncategories, and a method to locate patent data of individual organizations and\ntechnological fields on the global map. This overlay map technique may support\ncompetitive intelligence and policy decision-making. The global patent map is\nbased on similarities in citing-to-cited relationships between categories of\ntheInternational Patent Classification (IPC) of European Patent Office (EPO)\npatents from 2000 to 2006. This patent dataset, extracted from the PATSTAT\ndatabase, includes 760,000 patent records in 466 IPC-based categories. We\ncompare the global patent maps derived from this categorization to related\nefforts of other global patent maps. The paper overlays nanotechnology-related\npatenting activities of two companies and two different nanotechnology\nsubfields on the global patent map. The exercise shows the potential of patent\noverlay maps to visualize technological areas and potentially support\ndecision-making. Furthermore, this study shows that IPC categories that are\nsimilar to one another based on citing-to-cited patterns (and thus are close in\nthe global patent map) are not necessarily in the same hierarchical IPC branch,\nthus revealing new relationships between technologies that are classified as\npertaining to different (and sometimes distant) subject areas in the IPC\nscheme.\n" }, { "id": "482dde73-68a8-4abd-bacd-07bac1b725b2", "adv_source_id": "482dde73-68a8-4abd-bacd-07bac1b725b2", "source_id": "482dde73-68a8-4abd-bacd-07bac1b725b2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhancements to velocity-dependent dark matter interactions from tidal\n streams and shells in the Andromeda galaxy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Dark matter substructure around nearby galaxies provides an interesting\nopportunity for confusion-free indirect detection of dark matter. We calculate\nthe boost over a smooth background distribution of dark matter for gamma-ray\nemission from dark matter self-annihilations in tidal structure in M31,\nassuming a cross-section inversely proportional to the relative velocities of\nthe dark matter particles as proposed by the Sommerfeld effect. The low\nvelocity of the material in the structure results in a significant increase in\ngamma-ray emission compared to both the background halo and the predicted\nemission for a velocity-independent cross section. We also calculate the\nexpected signal for Fermi, for reasonable choices of the dark matter\nparameters. We find that for a cross section proportional to the inverse-square\nof the relative velocity, the enhancement to the annihilation rate is\nsufficient to test the velocity dependence of the cross section by spatial\ncorrelation with the stellar component of the stream, given sufficient detector\nsensitivity.\n" }, { "id": "bb656702-3a0e-4975-a096-c93f1f3e4d2c", "adv_source_id": "bb656702-3a0e-4975-a096-c93f1f3e4d2c", "source_id": "bb656702-3a0e-4975-a096-c93f1f3e4d2c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strong tuning of Rashba spin orbit interaction in single InAs nanowires", "prompt": null, "generation": " A key concept in the emerging field of spintronics is the gate voltage or\nelectric field control of spin precession via the effective magnetic field\ngenerated by the Rashba spin orbit interaction. Here, we demonstrate the\ngeneration and tuning of electric field induced Rashba spin orbit interaction\nin InAs nanowires where a strong electric field is created either by a double\ngate or a solid electrolyte surrounding gate. In particular, the electrolyte\ngating enables six-fold tuning of Rashba coefficient and nearly three orders of\nmagnitude tuning of spin relaxation time within only 1 V of gate bias. Such a\ndramatic tuning of spin orbit interaction in nanowires may have implications in\nnanowire based spintronic devices.\n" }, { "id": "4c993308-5017-4dda-aa92-eb9d1693e17e", "adv_source_id": "4c993308-5017-4dda-aa92-eb9d1693e17e", "source_id": "4c993308-5017-4dda-aa92-eb9d1693e17e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Confidence sets for network structure", "prompt": null, "generation": " Latent variable models are frequently used to identify structure in\ndichotomous network data, in part because they give rise to a Bernoulli product\nlikelihood that is both well understood and consistent with the notion of\nexchangeable random graphs. In this article we propose conservative confidence\nsets that hold with respect to these underlying Bernoulli parameters as a\nfunction of any given partition of network nodes, enabling us to assess\nestimates of 'residual' network structure, that is, structure that cannot be\nexplained by known covariates and thus cannot be easily verified by manual\ninspection. We demonstrate the proposed methodology by analyzing student\nfriendship networks from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health\nthat include race, gender, and school year as covariates. We employ a\nstochastic expectation-maximization algorithm to fit a logistic regression\nmodel that includes these explanatory variables as well as a latent stochastic\nblockmodel component and additional node-specific effects. Although\nmaximum-likelihood estimates do not appear consistent in this context, we are\nable to evaluate confidence sets as a function of different blockmodel\npartitions, which enables us to qualitatively assess the significance of\nestimated residual network structure relative to a baseline, which models\ncovariates but lacks block structure.\n" }, { "id": "965a270b-a8ab-40af-930c-c256092268c6", "adv_source_id": "965a270b-a8ab-40af-930c-c256092268c6", "source_id": "965a270b-a8ab-40af-930c-c256092268c6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Peierls-type Instability and Tunable Band Gap in Functionalized Graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " Functionalizing graphene was recently shown to have a dramatic effect on the\nelectronic properties of this material. Here we investigate spatial ordering of\nadatoms driven by the RKKY-type interactions. In the ordered state, which\narises via a Peierls-instability-type mechanism, the adatoms reside mainly on\none of the two graphene sublattices. Bragg scattering of electron waves induced\nby sublattice symmetry breaking results in a band gap opening, whereby Dirac\nfermions acquire a finite mass. The band gap is found to be immune to the\nadatoms' positional disorder, with only an exponentially small number of\nlocalized states residing in the gap. The gapped state is stabilized in a wide\nrange of electron doping. Our findings show that controlled adsorption of\nadatoms or molecules provides a route to engineering a tunable band gap in\ngraphene.\n" }, { "id": "18fd428e-f61e-4b5f-922b-9656594b7bfc", "adv_source_id": "18fd428e-f61e-4b5f-922b-9656594b7bfc", "source_id": "18fd428e-f61e-4b5f-922b-9656594b7bfc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Invariant Theory of Spacelike Surfaces in the Four-dimensional\n Minkowski Space", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider spacelike surfaces in the four-dimensional Minkowski space and\nintroduce geometrically an invariant linear map of Weingarten-type in the\ntangent plane at any point of the surface under consideration. This allows us\nto introduce principal lines and an invariant moving frame field. Writing\nderivative formulas of Frenet-type for this frame field, we obtain eight\ninvariant functions. We prove a fundamental theorem of Bonnet-type, stating\nthat these eight invariants under some natural conditions determine the surface\nup to a motion. We show that the basic geometric classes of spacelike surfaces\nin the four-dimensional Minkowski space, determined by conditions on their\ninvariants, can be interpreted in terms of the properties of the two geometric\nfigures: the tangent indicatrix, and the normal curvature ellipse. We apply our\ntheory to a class of spacelike general rotational surfaces.\n" }, { "id": "0349efa4-495a-487f-9f47-ec198d2bfd1f", "adv_source_id": "0349efa4-495a-487f-9f47-ec198d2bfd1f", "source_id": "0349efa4-495a-487f-9f47-ec198d2bfd1f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Separated Structure Functions for Exclusive $K^+\\Lambda$ and\n $K^+\\Sigma^0$ Electroproduction at 5.5 GeV with CLAS", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report measurements of the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+\\Lambda$ and\n$K^+\\Sigma^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target using the CLAS\ndetector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The separated\nstructure functions $\\sigma_U$, $\\sigma_{LT}$, $\\sigma_{TT}$, and\n$\\sigma_{LT'}$ were extracted from the $\\Phi$-dependent differential cross\nsections acquired with a longitudinally polarized 5.499 GeV electron beam. The\ndata span a broad range of momentum transfers $Q^2$ from 1.4 to 3.9 GeV$^2$,\ninvariant energy $W$ from threshold to 2.6 GeV, and nearly the full\ncenter-of-mass angular range of the kaon. The separated structure functions\nprovide an unprecedented data sample, which in conjunction with other meson\nphoto- and electroproduction data, will help to constrain the higher-level\nanalyses being performed to search for missing baryon resonances.\n" }, { "id": "88a6232e-5fe5-455a-9efb-330e7c1a2291", "adv_source_id": "88a6232e-5fe5-455a-9efb-330e7c1a2291", "source_id": "88a6232e-5fe5-455a-9efb-330e7c1a2291", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Residual Method for Regularizing Ill-Posed Problems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Although the \\emph{residual method}, or \\emph{constrained regularization}, is\nfrequently used in applications, a detailed study of its properties is still\nmissing. This sharply contrasts the progress of the theory of Tikhonov\nregularization, where a series of new results for regularization in Banach\nspaces has been published in the recent years. The present paper intends to\nbridge the gap between the existing theories as far as possible. We develop a\nstability and convergence theory for the residual method in general topological\nspaces. In addition, we prove convergence rates in terms of (generalized)\nBregman distances, which can also be applied to non-convex regularization\nfunctionals. We provide three examples that show the applicability of our\ntheory. The first example is the regularized solution of linear operator\nequations on $L^p$-spaces, where we show that the results of Tikhonov\nregularization generalize unchanged to the residual method. As a second\nexample, we consider the problem of density estimation from a finite number of\nsampling points, using the Wasserstein distance as a fidelity term and an\nentropy measure as regularization term. It is shown that the densities obtained\nin this way depend continuously on the location of the sampled points and that\nthe underlying density can be recovered as the number of sampling points tends\nto infinity. Finally, we apply our theory to compressed sensing. Here, we show\nthe well-posedness of the method and derive convergence rates both for convex\nand non-convex regularization under rather weak conditions.\n" }, { "id": "4c11e79c-5822-456c-8449-f42764d21db7", "adv_source_id": "4c11e79c-5822-456c-8449-f42764d21db7", "source_id": "4c11e79c-5822-456c-8449-f42764d21db7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inflation with racetrack superpotential and matter field", "prompt": null, "generation": " Several models of inflation with the racetrack superpotential for the volume\nmodulus coupled to a matter field are investigated. In particular, it is shown\nthat two classes of racetrack inflation models, saddle point and inflection\npoint ones, can be constructed in a fully supersymmetric framework with the\nmatter field F-term as a source of supersymmetry breaking and uplifting. Two\nmodels of F-term supersymmetry breaking are considered: the Polonyi model and\nthe quantum corrected O'Raifeartaigh model. In the former case, both classes of\nracetrack inflation models differ significantly from the corresponding models\nwith non-supersymmetric uplifting. The main difference is a quite strong\ndominance of the inflaton by the matter field. In addition, fine-tuning of the\nparameters is relaxed as compared to the original racetrack models. In the case\nof the racetrack inflation models coupled to the O'Raifeartaigh model, the\nmatter field is approximately decoupled from the inflationary dynamics. In all\nof the above models the gravitino mass is larger than the Hubble scale during\ninflation. The possibility of having the gravitino much lighter than the Hubble\nscale is also investigated. It is very hard to construct models with light\ngravitino in which the volume modulus dominates inflation. On the other hand,\nmodels in which the inflationary dynamics is dominated by the matter field are\nrelatively simple and seem to be more natural.\n" }, { "id": "47bef3db-d328-47d2-a915-fd7510e3587c", "adv_source_id": "47bef3db-d328-47d2-a915-fd7510e3587c", "source_id": "47bef3db-d328-47d2-a915-fd7510e3587c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Near-equilibrium measurements of nonequilibrium free energy", "prompt": null, "generation": " A central endeavor of thermodynamics is the measurement of free energy\nchanges. Regrettably, although we can measure the free energy of a system in\nthermodynamic equilibrium, typically all we can say about the free energy of a\nnon-equilibrium ensemble is that it is larger than that of the same system at\nequilibrium. Herein, we derive a formally exact expression for the probability\ndistribution of a driven system, which involves path ensemble averages of the\nwork over trajectories of the time-reversed system. From this we find a simple\nnear-equilibrium approximation for the free energy in terms of an excess mean\ntime-reversed work, which can be experimentally measured on real systems. With\nanalysis and computer simulation, we demonstrate the accuracy of our\napproximations for several simple models.\n" }, { "id": "f9626838-a65a-4fd9-af8f-d05abb53e32b", "adv_source_id": "f9626838-a65a-4fd9-af8f-d05abb53e32b", "source_id": "f9626838-a65a-4fd9-af8f-d05abb53e32b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The relationship between the compressional and shear strengths of\n poroelastic colloidal gels", "prompt": null, "generation": " Strong particulate gels are widely believed to behave poroelastically in\ncompression, e.g. in sedimentation, even though they consolidate irreversibly\nbecause of the stickiness of the particles. Particulate gels are usually\nadhesive as well as cohesive and so wall effects are to be expected in general\n[Michaels & Bolger (1962)]. These are rarely manifest on process engineering\nscales, although they can be important in the laboratory and with formulated\nproducts in small containers. When the assumption of non-linear poroelasticity\nis combined with the idea that adhesive failure (yield) is brittle, relatively\nspeaking, a prescription emerges for the ratio of shear to compressive strength\nS and how this varies with density. S is predicted to be of order unity at the\ngel-point and then to increase rapidly thereafter. The predictions are\nconsistent with the experimental data available for both dilute and\nconcentrated gels, although more data would be welcome. A critique of a recent\npaper by Condre et al. (2007) on wall effects in very dilute gels is given in\nwhich it is argued, amongst other things, that it is not necessary to invoke\ngranular in order to account for their results, simple adhesion suffices.\n" }, { "id": "17606d98-a0c3-4165-907d-7a621c2e6afc", "adv_source_id": "17606d98-a0c3-4165-907d-7a621c2e6afc", "source_id": "17606d98-a0c3-4165-907d-7a621c2e6afc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Solitons as baryons and qualitons as constituent quarks in\n two-dimensional QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the soliton type solutions arising in two-dimensional quantum\nchromodynamics (QCD$_{2}$). The so-called generalized sine-Gordon model (GSG)\narises as the low-energy effective action of bosonized QCD$_{2}$ for unequal\nquark mass parameters, and it has been shown that the relevant solitons\ndescribe the normal and exotic baryonic spectrum of QCD$_{2}$\n[JHEP(03)(2007)(055)]. In the first part of this chapter we classify the\nsoliton and kink type solutions of the sl(3) GSG model. Related to the GSG\nmodel we consider the sl(3) affine Toda model coupled to matter fields (Dirac\nspinors)\n (ATM). It has been shown the confinement of the spinors inside the solitons\nand kinks of the GSG model providing an extended hadron model for \"quark\"\nconfinement [JHEP(01)(2007)(027)]. In the second part of this chapter we\ndiscuss the appearance of the constituent quarks in the context of bosonized\nQCD$_{2}$ and the relevance of the $sl(2)$ ATM model in order to describe the\nconfinement of the color degrees of freedom. We have shown that QCD$_{2}$ has\nquark soliton solutions if the quark mass is sufficiently large.\n" }, { "id": "b1ee8d0e-a220-49a2-a86d-7569abed4d72", "adv_source_id": "b1ee8d0e-a220-49a2-a86d-7569abed4d72", "source_id": "b1ee8d0e-a220-49a2-a86d-7569abed4d72", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global Gravitational Instabilities in Discs with Infall", "prompt": null, "generation": " Gravitational instability plays an important role in driving gas accretion in\nmassive protostellar discs. Particularly strong is the global gravitational\ninstability, which arises when the disc mass is of order 0.1 of the mass of the\ncentral star and has a characteristic spatial scale much greater than the\ndisc's vertical scale-height. In this paper we use three-dimensional numerical\nhydrodynamics to study the development of gravitational instabilities in a disc\nwhich is embedded in a dense, gaseous envelope. We find that global\ngravitational instabilities are the dominant mode of angular momentum transport\nin the disc with infall, in contrast to otherwise identical isolated discs. The\naccretion torques created by low-order, global modes of the gravitational\ninstability in a disc subject to infall are larger by a factor of several than\nan isolated disc of the same mass. We show that this global gravitational\ninstability is driven by the strong vertical shear at the interface between the\ndisc and the envelope, and suggest that this process may be an important means\nof driving accretion on to young stars.\n" }, { "id": "cb63946f-2c5b-428c-9ac0-ae10558f87ed", "adv_source_id": "cb63946f-2c5b-428c-9ac0-ae10558f87ed", "source_id": "cb63946f-2c5b-428c-9ac0-ae10558f87ed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermi velocity engineering in graphene by substrate modification", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Fermi velocity is one of the key concepts in the study of a material, as\nit bears information on a variety of fundamental properties. Upon increasing\ndemand on the device applications, graphene is viewed as a prototypical system\nfor engineering Fermi velocity. Indeed, several efforts have succeeded in\nmodifying Fermi velocity by varying charge carrier concentration. Here we\npresent a powerful but simple new way to engineer Fermi velocity while holding\nthe charge carrier concentration constant. We find that when the environment\nembedding graphene is modified, the Fermi velocity of graphene is (i) inversely\nproportional to its dielectric constant, reaching ~2.5$\\times10^6$ m/s, the\nhighest value for graphene on any substrate studied so far and (ii) clearly\ndistinguished from an ordinary Fermi liquid. The method demonstrated here\nprovides a new route toward Fermi velocity engineering in a variety of\ntwo-dimensional electron systems including topological insulators.\n" }, { "id": "9e54e733-8aa1-4f35-b12e-f5e6c32512c8", "adv_source_id": "9e54e733-8aa1-4f35-b12e-f5e6c32512c8", "source_id": "9e54e733-8aa1-4f35-b12e-f5e6c32512c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improved Performance of TES Bolometers using Digital Feedback", "prompt": null, "generation": " Voltage biased, frequency multiplexed TES bolometers have become a widespread\ntool in mm-wave astrophysics. However, parasitic impedance and dynamic range\nissues can limit stability, performance, and multiplexing factors. Here, we\npresent novel methods of overcoming these challenges, achieved through digital\nfeedback, implemented on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In the first\nmethod, known as Digital Active Nulling (DAN), the current sensor (e.g. SQUID)\nis nulled in a separate digital feedback loop for each bolometer frequency.\nThis nulling removes the dynamic range limitation on the current sensor,\nincreases its linearity, and reduces its effective input impedance.\nAdditionally, DAN removes constraints on wiring lengths and maximum\nmultiplexing frequency. DAN has been fully implemented and tested. Integration\nfor current experiments, including the South Pole Telescope, will be discussed.\nWe also present a digital mechanism for strongly increasing stability in the\npresence of large series impedances, known as Digitally Enhanced Voltage Bias\n(DEVB).\n" }, { "id": "d0caf2c2-0359-4b80-9e5b-009815d63233", "adv_source_id": "d0caf2c2-0359-4b80-9e5b-009815d63233", "source_id": "d0caf2c2-0359-4b80-9e5b-009815d63233", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strategy Improvement for Concurrent Safety Games", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider concurrent games played on graphs. At every round of the game,\neach player simultaneously and independently selects a move; the moves jointly\ndetermine the transition to a successor state. Two basic objectives are the\nsafety objective: ``stay forever in a set F of states'', and its dual, the\nreachability objective, ``reach a set R of states''. We present in this paper a\nstrategy improvement algorithm for computing the value of a concurrent safety\ngame, that is, the maximal probability with which player 1 can enforce the\nsafety objective. The algorithm yields a sequence of player-1 strategies which\nensure probabilities of winning that converge monotonically to the value of the\nsafety game.\n The significance of the result is twofold. First, while strategy improvement\nalgorithms were known for Markov decision processes and turn-based games, as\nwell as for concurrent reachability games, this is the first strategy\nimprovement algorithm for concurrent safety games. Second, and most\nimportantly, the improvement algorithm provides a way to approximate the value\nof a concurrent safety game from below (the known value-iteration algorithms\napproximate the value from above). Thus, when used together with\nvalue-iteration algorithms, or with strategy improvement algorithms for\nreachability games, our algorithm leads to the first practical algorithm for\ncomputing converging upper and lower bounds for the value of reachability and\nsafety games.\n" }, { "id": "9863bf8f-f621-482b-ae91-d74b48f13d42", "adv_source_id": "9863bf8f-f621-482b-ae91-d74b48f13d42", "source_id": "9863bf8f-f621-482b-ae91-d74b48f13d42", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effective Field Theories for Electrons in Crystalline Structures", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an effective field theory formulation for a class of condensed\nmatter systems with crystalline structures for which some of the discrete\nsymmetries of the underlying crystal survive the long distance limit, up to\nmesoscopic scales, and argue that this class includes interesting materials,\nsuch as $Si$-doped $GaAs$. The surviving symmetries determine a limited set of\npossible effective interactions, that we analyze in detail for the case of\n$Si$-doped $GaAs$ materials. These coincide with the ones proposed in the\nliterature to describe the spin relaxation times for the $Si$-doped $Ga As$\nmaterials, obtained here as a consequence of the choice of effective fields and\ntheir symmetries. The resulting low-energy effective theory is described in\nterms of three (six chiral) one-dimensional Luttinger liquid systems and their\ncorresponding intervalley transitions. We also discuss the Mott transition\nwithin the context of the effective theory.\n" }, { "id": "6750654e-c2b8-401d-9853-18d6b641727b", "adv_source_id": "6750654e-c2b8-401d-9853-18d6b641727b", "source_id": "6750654e-c2b8-401d-9853-18d6b641727b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A variant of Wiener's attack on RSA", "prompt": null, "generation": " Wiener's attack is a well-known polynomial-time attack on a RSA cryptosystem\nwith small secret decryption exponent d, which works if d 5 is well\nexplained by the orbital pair-breaking effect, Hc2(T) for |theta| < 5 is\nclearly limited at low temperatures. We also revealed that the Hc2 limit for\n|theta| < 5 is present not only at low temperatures, but also at temperatures\nclose to Tc. These features may provide additional hints for clarifying the\norigin of the Hc2 limit. Interestingly, if the anisotropic ratio in Sr2RuO4 is\nassumed to depend on temperature, the observed angular dependence of Hc2 is\nreproduced better at lower temperature with an effective-mass model for an\nanisotropic three-dimensional superconductor. We discuss the observed behavior\nof Hc2 based on existing theories.\n" }, { "id": "8599a22a-2497-45c1-8a9d-e2457b4c74bf", "adv_source_id": "8599a22a-2497-45c1-8a9d-e2457b4c74bf", "source_id": "8599a22a-2497-45c1-8a9d-e2457b4c74bf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "MELT - a Translated Domain Specific Language Embedded in the GCC\n Compiler", "prompt": null, "generation": " The GCC free compiler is a very large software, compiling source in several\nlanguages for many targets on various systems. It can be extended by plugins,\nwhich may take advantage of its power to provide extra specific functionality\n(warnings, optimizations, source refactoring or navigation) by processing\nvarious GCC internal representations (Gimple, Tree, ...). Writing plugins in C\nis a complex and time-consuming task, but customizing GCC by using an existing\nscripting language inside is impractical. We describe MELT, a specific\nLisp-like DSL which fits well into existing GCC technology and offers\nhigh-level features (functional, object or reflexive programming, pattern\nmatching). MELT is translated to C fitted for GCC internals and provides\nvarious features to facilitate this. This work shows that even huge, legacy,\nsoftware can be a posteriori extended by specifically tailored and translated\nhigh-level DSLs.\n" }, { "id": "0531e3d4-3dee-4a7c-b49e-3f90f592709c", "adv_source_id": "0531e3d4-3dee-4a7c-b49e-3f90f592709c", "source_id": "0531e3d4-3dee-4a7c-b49e-3f90f592709c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Supersimplicity: a remarkable high energy SUSY property", "prompt": null, "generation": " In previous work, we have established that for any 2-to-2 process in MSSM,\nonly the helicity conserving (HC) amplitudes survive asymptotically. Studying a\nlarge number of such processes, at the 1loop Electroweak (EW) order, it is now\nfound that their high energy HC amplitudes are determined by just three forms:\na log-squared function of the ratio of two of the (s,t,u) variables, to which a\npi^2 is added; and two Sudakov-like ln- and ln^2-terms accompanied by\nrespective mass-dependent constants. Apart from an additional residual\nconstant, all high energy HC amplitudes, may be expressed as linear\ncombinations of the above three forms, with coefficients being rational\nfunctions of the $(s,t,u)$ variables. We call this fact supersimplicity.\nApplying to the $ug\\to dW$ amplitudes, for which the complete 1loop expressions\nare available, we find that supersimplicity may be a very good approximation at\nLHC energies, provided the SUSY scale is not too high. SM processes are also\ndiscussed, and their differences are explored.\n" }, { "id": "749000dd-11b0-494f-8b2a-0fbe019d2a3d", "adv_source_id": "749000dd-11b0-494f-8b2a-0fbe019d2a3d", "source_id": "749000dd-11b0-494f-8b2a-0fbe019d2a3d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multiplicity of massive O stars and evolutionary implications", "prompt": null, "generation": " Nearby companions alter the evolution of massive stars in binary systems.\nUsing a sample of Galactic massive stars in nearby young clusters, we\nsimultaneously measure all intrinsic binary characteristics relevant to\nquantify the frequency and nature of binary interactions. We find a large\nintrinsic binary fraction, a strong preference for short orbital periods and a\nflat distribution for the mass-ratios. Our results do not support the presence\nof a significant peak of equal-mass `twin' binaries. As a result of the\nmeasured distributions, we find that over seventy per cent of all massive stars\nexchange mass with a companion. Such a rate greatly exceeds previous estimates\nand implies that the majority of massive stars have their evolution strongly\naffected by interaction with a nearby companion.\n" }, { "id": "cd7fc22d-d151-4a56-8336-541029b0ab92", "adv_source_id": "cd7fc22d-d151-4a56-8336-541029b0ab92", "source_id": "cd7fc22d-d151-4a56-8336-541029b0ab92", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Rigidity of Roe algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " Roe algebras are C*-algebras built using large-scale (or 'coarse') aspects of\na metric space (X,d). In the special case that X=G is a finitely generated\ngroup and d is a word metric, the simplest Roe algebra associated to (G,d) is\nisomorphic to the reduced crossed product C*-algebra l^\\infty(G)\\rtimes G.\n Roe algebras are 'coarse invariants', in the sense that if X and Y are\ncoarsely equivalent metric spaces, then their Roe algebras are isomorphic.\nMotivated in part by the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture, we ask if there is a\nconverse to the above statement: that is, if X and Y are metric spaces with\nisomorphic Roe algebras, must X and Y be coarsely equivalent? We show that for\nvery large classes of spaces the answer to this question, and some related\nquestions, is 'yes'. This can be thought of as a 'C*-rigidity result': it shows\nthat the Roe algebra construction preserves a large amount of information about\nthe space, and is thus surprisingly 'rigid'.\n As an example of our results, in the group case we have that if G and H are\nfinitely generated elementary amenable, hyperbolic, or linear, groups such that\nthe crossed products l^\\infty(G)\\rtimes G and l^\\infty(H)\\rtimes H are\nisomorphic, then G and H are quasi-isometric.\n" }, { "id": "06e7a00c-3aec-4eda-94f1-3ce3f69d180d", "adv_source_id": "06e7a00c-3aec-4eda-94f1-3ce3f69d180d", "source_id": "06e7a00c-3aec-4eda-94f1-3ce3f69d180d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Frequency of Low-mass Exoplanets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report first results from the Anglo-Australian Telescope Rocky Planet\nSearch - an intensive, high-precision Doppler planet search targeting low-mass\nexoplanets in contiguous 48 night observing blocks. On this run we targeted 24\nbright, nearby and intrinsically stable Sun-like stars selected from the\nAnglo-Australian Planet Search's main sample. These observations have already\ndetected one low-mass planet reported elsewhere (HD16417b), and here we\nreconfirm the detection of HD4308b. Further, we have Monte-Carlo simulated the\ndata from this run on a star-by-star basis to produce robust detection\nconstraints. These simulations demonstrate clear differences in the exoplanet\ndetectability functions from star to star due to differences in sampling, data\nquality and intrinsic stellar stability. They reinforce the importance of\nstar-by-star simulation when interpreting the data from Doppler planet\nsearches. The simulations indicate that for some of our target stars we are\nsensitive to close-orbiting planets as small as a few Earth masses. The two\nlow-mass planets present in our 24 star sample indicate that the exoplanet\nminimum mass function at low masses is likely to be a flat alpha ~ -1 (for\ndN/dM proportional to M^alpha) and that between 15+/-10% (at alpha=-0.3) and\n48+/-34% (at alpha=-1.3) of stars host planets with orbital periods of less\nthan 16 days and minimum masses greater than 3 Mearth.\n" }, { "id": "51965b80-c4ff-4fa9-b188-6b100fe20f4b", "adv_source_id": "51965b80-c4ff-4fa9-b188-6b100fe20f4b", "source_id": "51965b80-c4ff-4fa9-b188-6b100fe20f4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stability of toroidal magnetic fields in the solar tachocline and\n beneath", "prompt": null, "generation": " Stability of toroidal magnetic field in a stellar radiation zone is\nconsidered for the cases of uniform and differential rotation. In the rigidly\nrotating radiative core shortly below the tachocline, the critical magnetic\nfield for instability is about 600 G. The unstable disturbances for slightly\nsupercritical fields have short radial scales ~1 Mm. Radial mixing produced by\nthe instability is estimated to conclude that the internal field of the sun can\nexceed the critical value of 600 G only marginally. Otherwise, the mixing is\ntoo strong and not compatible with the observed lithium abundance. Analysis of\njoint instability of differential rotation and toroidal field leads to the\nconclusion that axisymmetric models of the laminar solar tachocline are stable\nto nonaxisymmetric disturbances. The question of whether sun-like stars can\nposses tachoclines is addressed with positive answer for stars with rotation\nperiods shorter than about two months.\n" }, { "id": "5918ebba-2abf-42c9-800e-72ddd5ac543e", "adv_source_id": "5918ebba-2abf-42c9-800e-72ddd5ac543e", "source_id": "5918ebba-2abf-42c9-800e-72ddd5ac543e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Conley conjecture for irrational symplectic manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove a generalization of the Conley conjecture: Every Hamiltonian\ndiffeomorphism of a closed symplectic manifold has infinitely many periodic\norbits if the first Chern class vanishes over the second fundamental group. In\nparticular, we this removes the rationality condition from similar results. The\nproof in the irrational case involves several new ideas including the\ndefinition and the properties of the filtered Floer homology for Hamiltonians\non irrational manifolds. We also develop a method of localizing the filtered\nFloer homology for short action intervals using a direct sum decomposition,\nwhere one of the summands only depends on the behavior of the Hamiltonian in a\nfixed open set.\n" }, { "id": "33f05572-271a-495a-a27b-c4a2d0073692", "adv_source_id": "33f05572-271a-495a-a27b-c4a2d0073692", "source_id": "33f05572-271a-495a-a27b-c4a2d0073692", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collective rheology in quasi static shear flow of granular media", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is devoted to the basic question of what factors determine the\nstrain field in a quasi static granular flow. It is shown that using stress -\nstrain rate relations is not the proper way to understand quasi static\nrheology. An alternative approach is discussed where the local deformation is\nregarded as the cause of deformation in the vicinity. We suggest a continuum\nmodel where the local shear strain is proportional to its Laplacian and the\nproportionality factor is determined by the local stress. The predicted\nbehavior is tested in a three dimensional shear cell by means of computer\nsimulations. The simplicity of our setup makes it ideal to demonstrate and\nexamine the fundamental open questions of collective granular flows. The\nobserved shear profile is interpreted in the framework of the suggested model.\n" }, { "id": "5f827dec-8aa3-4845-837f-7e97f1ce473d", "adv_source_id": "5f827dec-8aa3-4845-837f-7e97f1ce473d", "source_id": "5f827dec-8aa3-4845-837f-7e97f1ce473d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Counting Connected Set Partitions of Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple undirected graph with $n$ vertices then a set\npartition $\\pi=\\{V_1, ..., V_k\\}$ of the vertex set of $G$ is a connected set\npartition if each subgraph $G[V_j]$ induced by the blocks $V_j$ of $\\pi$ is\nconnected for $1\\le j\\le k$. Define $q_{i}(G)$ as the number of connected set\npartitions in $G$ with $i$ blocks. The partition polynomial is then $Q(G,\nx)=\\sum_{i=0}^n q_{i}(G)x^i$. This paper presents a splitting approach to the\npartition polynomial on a separating vertex set $X$ in $G$ and summarizes some\nproperties of the bond lattice. Furthermore the bivariate partition polynomial\n$Q(G,x,y)=\\sum_{i=1}^n \\sum_{j=1}^m q_{ij}(G)x^iy^j$ is briefly discussed,\nwhere $q_{ij}(G)$ counts the number of connected set partitions with $i$ blocks\nand $j$ intra block edges. Finally the complexity for the bivariate partition\npolynomial is proven to be $\\sharp P$-hard.\n" }, { "id": "50c746f9-2523-4a4d-9f8e-48c5c5f60e86", "adv_source_id": "50c746f9-2523-4a4d-9f8e-48c5c5f60e86", "source_id": "50c746f9-2523-4a4d-9f8e-48c5c5f60e86", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scale setting and resummation of logarithms in pp -> V + jets", "prompt": null, "generation": " The production of vector bosons in association with jets contains at least\ntwo unrelated scales. The first is the mass of the vector boson m_V and the\nsecond is the hard interaction scale giving rise to large transverse momenta of\nthe produced jets. The production cross sections depend logarithmically on the\nratio of these scales, which can lead to a poor convergence in fixed order\nperturbation theory. We illustrate how to resum all leading logarithmic terms\nusing effective theory methods, and show that they can be resummed by a simple\nchoice of the factorization scale. Implementing this scale choice we show that\nthe large discrepancies between next-to-leading calculations and leading order\ncalculations using more traditional choices of scales disappear.\n" }, { "id": "1d2b9de6-26ce-41e9-86e1-89b974ca3630", "adv_source_id": "1d2b9de6-26ce-41e9-86e1-89b974ca3630", "source_id": "1d2b9de6-26ce-41e9-86e1-89b974ca3630", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Introduction to superconductivity in metals without inversion center", "prompt": null, "generation": " This Chapter gives a brief introduction to some basic aspects metals and\nsuperconductors in crystal without inversion symmetry. In a first part we\nanalyze some normal state properties which arise through antisymmetric\nspin-orbit coupling existing in non-centrosymmetric materials and show its\ninfluence on the de Haas-van Alphen effect. For the superconducting phase we\nintroduce a multi-band formulation which naturally arises due the spin\nsplitting of the bands by spin-orbit coupling. It will then be shown how the\nstates can be symmetry classified and their relation to the original\nclassification in even-parity spin-singlet and odd-parity spin-triplet pairing\nstates. The general Ginzburg-Landau functional will be derived and applied to\nthe nucleation of superconductivity in a magnetic field. It will be shown that\nmagneto-electric effects can modify the standard paramagnetic limiting behavior\ndrastically.\n" }, { "id": "e82a90d0-c910-4bd5-b536-ef32814c6813", "adv_source_id": "e82a90d0-c910-4bd5-b536-ef32814c6813", "source_id": "e82a90d0-c910-4bd5-b536-ef32814c6813", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "NNLL resummation for s-channel single top quark production", "prompt": null, "generation": " I present the next-to-next-to-leading-logarithm (NNLL) resummation of soft\nand collinear gluon corrections to single top quark production in the s\nchannel. Attaining NNLL accuracy involves the calculation of the two-loop soft\nanomalous dimension for the partonic subprocesses. Finite-order expansions of\nthe resummed cross section are calculated through next-to-next-to-leading order\n(NNLO). Numerical results are presented for s-channel single top quark\nproduction at the Tevatron and the LHC, including the dependence of the cross\nsections on the top quark mass and the uncertainties in the theoretical\nprediction. The higher-order corrections are significant for energies at both\ncolliders and they decrease the theoretical uncertainty.\n" }, { "id": "0b53924e-5db0-42ac-bd72-34cadfee0e93", "adv_source_id": "0b53924e-5db0-42ac-bd72-34cadfee0e93", "source_id": "0b53924e-5db0-42ac-bd72-34cadfee0e93", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probabilistic one-player Ramsey games via deterministic two-player games", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider the following probabilistic one-player game: The board is a graph\nwith $n$ vertices, which initially contains no edges. In each step, a new edge\nis drawn uniformly at random from all non-edges and is presented to the player,\nhenceforth called Painter. Painter must assign one of $r$ available colors to\neach edge immediately, where $r \\geq 2$ is a fixed integer. The game is over as\nsoon as a monochromatic copy of some fixed graph $F$ has been created, and\nPainter's goal is to 'survive' for as many steps as possible before this\nhappens.\n We present a new technique for deriving upper bounds on the threshold of this\ngame, i.e., on the typical number of steps Painter will survive with an optimal\nstrategy. More specifically, we consider a deterministic two-player variant of\nthe game where the edges are not chosen randomly, but by a second player\nBuilder. However, Builder has to adhere to the restriction that, for some real\nnumber $d$, the ratio of edges to vertices in all subgraphs of the evolving\nboard never exceeds $d$. We show that the existence of a winning strategy for\nBuilder in this deterministic game implies an upper bound of $n^{2-1/d}$ for\nthe threshold of the original probabilistic game. Moreover, we show that the\nbest bound that can be derived in this way is indeed the threshold of the game\nif $F$ is a forest. We illustrate our technique with several examples, and\nderive new explicit bounds for the case when $F$ is a path.\n" }, { "id": "61ec01db-ea93-4c66-81fa-1a99c521c3d4", "adv_source_id": "61ec01db-ea93-4c66-81fa-1a99c521c3d4", "source_id": "61ec01db-ea93-4c66-81fa-1a99c521c3d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Variational Bayesian Inference with Stochastic Search", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mean-field variational inference is a method for approximate Bayesian\nposterior inference. It approximates a full posterior distribution with a\nfactorized set of distributions by maximizing a lower bound on the marginal\nlikelihood. This requires the ability to integrate a sum of terms in the log\njoint likelihood using this factorized distribution. Often not all integrals\nare in closed form, which is typically handled by using a lower bound. We\npresent an alternative algorithm based on stochastic optimization that allows\nfor direct optimization of the variational lower bound. This method uses\ncontrol variates to reduce the variance of the stochastic search gradient, in\nwhich existing lower bounds can play an important role. We demonstrate the\napproach on two non-conjugate models: logistic regression and an approximation\nto the HDP.\n" }, { "id": "c7258c3f-ca90-4935-8598-4717c42b4959", "adv_source_id": "c7258c3f-ca90-4935-8598-4717c42b4959", "source_id": "c7258c3f-ca90-4935-8598-4717c42b4959", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On primes and period growth for Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms", "prompt": null, "generation": " Here we use Vinogradov's prime distribution theorem and a multi-dimensional\ngeneralization due to Harman to strengthen some recent results concerning the\nperiodic points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. In particular we establish\nresonance relations for the mean indices of the fixed points of Hamiltonian\ndiffeomorphisms which do not have periodic points with arbitrarily large\nperiods in $\\mathbb{P}^2$, the set of natural numbers greater than one which\nhave at most two prime factors when counted with multiplicity. As an\napplication of these results we partially recover, using only symplectic tools,\na theorem on the periodic points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of the sphere\nby Franks and Handel.\n" }, { "id": "c0f31cb1-f512-4bea-a832-ab3c05c1d4f0", "adv_source_id": "c0f31cb1-f512-4bea-a832-ab3c05c1d4f0", "source_id": "c0f31cb1-f512-4bea-a832-ab3c05c1d4f0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multicolor Ramsey Numbers for Complete Bipartite Versus Complete Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let H_1, ..., H_k be graphs. The multicolor Ramsey number r(H_1,...,H_k) is\nthe minimum integer r such that in every edge-coloring of K_r by k colors,\nthere is a monochromatic copy of H_i in color i for some 1 <= i <= k. In this\npaper, we investigate the multicolor Ramsey number\n$r(K_{2,t},...,K_{2,t},K_m)$, determining the asymptotic behavior up to a\npolylogarithmic factor for almost all ranges of t and m. Several different\nconstructions are used for the lower bounds, including the random graph and\nexplicit graphs built from finite fields. A technique of Alon and R\\\"odl using\nthe probabilistic method and spectral arguments is employed to supply tight\nlower bounds. A sample result is $c_1 m^2t/\\log^4(mt) \\leq\nr(K_{2,t},K_{2,t},K_m) \\leq c_2 m^2t/\\log^2 m$ for any t and m, where c_1 and\nc_2 are absolute constants.\n" }, { "id": "3fa173a6-2150-4ecf-a2dc-202092aa3265", "adv_source_id": "3fa173a6-2150-4ecf-a2dc-202092aa3265", "source_id": "3fa173a6-2150-4ecf-a2dc-202092aa3265", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Upper and lower bound theorems for graph-associahedra", "prompt": null, "generation": " From the paper of the first author it follows that upper and lower bounds for\n$\\gamma$-vector of a simple polytope imply the bounds for its $g$-,$h$- and\n$f$-vectors. In the paper of the second author it was obtained unimprovable\nupper and lower bounds for $\\gamma$-vectors of flag nestohedra, particularly\nGal's conjecture was proved for this case. In the present paper we obtain\nunimprovable upper and lower bounds for $\\gamma$-vectors (consequently, for\n$g$-,$h$- and $f$-vectors) of graph-associahedra and some its important\nsubclasses. We use the constructions that for an $(n-1)$-dimensional\ngraph-associahedron $P_{\\Gamma_n}$ give the $n$-dimensional graph-associahedron\n$P_{\\Gamma_{n+1}}$ that is obtained from the cylinder $P_{\\Gamma_n}\\times I$ by\nsequential shaving some facets of its bases. We show that the well-known series\nof polytopes (associahedra, cyclohedra, permutohedra and stellohedra) can be\nderived by these constructions. As a corollary we obtain inductive formulas for\n$\\gamma$- and $h$- vectors of the mentioned series. These formulas communicate\nthe method of differential equations developed by the first author with the\nmethod of shavings developed by the second author.\n" }, { "id": "a6d58857-c8fd-47ad-a045-e1338c05c84e", "adv_source_id": "a6d58857-c8fd-47ad-a045-e1338c05c84e", "source_id": "a6d58857-c8fd-47ad-a045-e1338c05c84e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collisions of massive and massless particles around rotating black\n holes: general analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider collisions between massive (electrons) and massless (photons)\nparticles near the horizon of a rotating black hole. Similarly to collisions\nbetween massive particles, the infinite energy in the centre of mass frame\noccurs in some situations. Namely, for one particle the relationship between\nthe energy and angular momentum should have a special form (\"critical\"\nparticle) whereas for the second one it should not hold (\"usual\" particle). All\ncombinations of possible pairs of critical and usual particles are analyzed.\nThe existence (or absence) of the effect is determined depending on competition\nof two factors - gravitational blue shift for a photon propagating towards a\nblack hole and the Doppler effect due to transformation from the locally\nnonrotating frame to a comoving one. Thus, a pure kinematic explanation is\nsuggested for the effect of infinitely growing energies in the centre of mass\nframe.\n" }, { "id": "eeb31e61-7cb6-4d90-a5ea-ea63ef37cd04", "adv_source_id": "eeb31e61-7cb6-4d90-a5ea-ea63ef37cd04", "source_id": "eeb31e61-7cb6-4d90-a5ea-ea63ef37cd04", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Approach to the Thermodynamic Limit in Lattice QCD at \\mu\\neq0", "prompt": null, "generation": " The expectation value of the complex phase factor of the fermion determinant\nis computed to leading order in the $p$-expansion of the chiral Lagrangian. The\ncomputation is valid for $\\mu 0 at T >\n1200 K. HS is probably more important than S2, as it is generally more abundant\nthan S2 under hot Jupiter conditions and it absorbs at somewhat redder\nwavelengths. We use molecular theory to compute an HS absorption spectrum from\nsparse available data and find that HS should absorb strongly between 300 and\n460 nm, with absorption at the longer wavelengths being temperature sensitive.\nWhen the two absorbers are combined, radiative heating (per kg of gas) peaks at\n100 microbars, with a total stratospheric heating of about 8 x 10^4 W/m^2 for a\njovian planet orbiting a solar-twin at 0.032 AU. Total heating is insensitive\nto metallicity. The CO2 mixing ratio is a well-behaved quadratic function of\nmetallicity, ranging from 1.6 x 10^-8 to 1.6 x 10^-4 for -0.3 < [M/H] < 1.7.\nCO2 is insensitive to insolation, vertical mixing, temperature (1200 < T <2000\nK), and gravity. The photochemical calculations confirm that CO2 should prove a\nuseful probe of planetary metallicity.\n" }, { "id": "cada5d98-5df0-4505-8984-d5d6a1b373b9", "adv_source_id": "cada5d98-5df0-4505-8984-d5d6a1b373b9", "source_id": "cada5d98-5df0-4505-8984-d5d6a1b373b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of Hepatitis C Viral Dynamics Using Latin Hypercube Sampling", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a mathematical model comprising of four coupled ordinary\ndifferential equations (ODEs) for studying the hepatitis C (HCV) viral\ndynamics. The model embodies the efficacies of a combination therapy of\ninterferon and ribavirin. A condition for the stability of the uninfected and\nthe infected steady states is presented. A large number of sample points for\nthe model parameters (which were physiologically feasible) were generated using\nLatin hypercube sampling. Analysis of our simulated values indicated\napproximately 24% cases as having an uninfected steady state. Statistical tests\nlike the chi-square-test and the Spearman's test were also done on the sample\nvalues. The results of these tests indicate a distinctly differently\ndistribution of certain parameter values and not in case of others, vis-a-vis,\nthe stability of the uninfected and the infected steady states.\n" }, { "id": "cc407515-0188-4196-85bf-2123292219d3", "adv_source_id": "cc407515-0188-4196-85bf-2123292219d3", "source_id": "cc407515-0188-4196-85bf-2123292219d3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Turbulent Flow and Stirring Mechanisms in the Cosmological Large-scale\n Structure", "prompt": null, "generation": " Halo mergers and shock waves play a crucial role in the process of\nhierarchical clustering. Hydrodynamical simulations are the principal\ninvestigation tool in this field for theoreticians, and predict that a\nby-product of cluster formation and virialisation is the injection of\nturbulence in the cosmic flow. Here I will summarise results from a series of\nrecent works focused on the main stirring mechanisms acting on baryons: minor\nand major cluster mergers, and curved shocks. Unresolved turbulence has been\ntreated with the implementation of a subgrid scale model. Recent simulations\nshow that the production of turbulence differs significantly for the warm-hot\nintergalactic medium (WHIM) and the intra-cluster medium (ICM), because of\ndifferent stirring mechanisms acting in the two gas phases.\n" }, { "id": "5833b165-f2a7-47ca-ad43-bca5782c631d", "adv_source_id": "5833b165-f2a7-47ca-ad43-bca5782c631d", "source_id": "5833b165-f2a7-47ca-ad43-bca5782c631d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of Feedback in Clusters and Molecular Cloud Turbulence", "prompt": null, "generation": " I review recent numerical and analytical work on the feedback from both low-\nand high-mass cluster stars into their gasoeus environment. The main\nconclusions are that i) outflow driving appears capable of maintaing the\nturbulence in parsec-sized clumps and retarding their collapse from the\nfree-fall rate, although there exist regions within molecular clouds, and even\nsome examples of whole clouds, which are not actively forming stars, yet are\njust as turbulent, so that a more universal turbulence-driving mechanism is\nneeded; ii) outflow-driven turbulence exhibits specific spectral features that\ncan be tested observationally; iii) feedback plays an important role in\nreducing the star formation rate; iv) nevertheless, numerical simulations\nsuggest that feedback cannot completely prevent a net contracting motion of\nclouds and clumps. Therefore, an appealing source for driving the turbulence\neverywhere in GMCs is the accretion from the environment, at all scales. In\nthis case, feedback's most important role may be to prevent a fraction of the\ngas nearest to newly formed stars from actually reaching them, thus reducing\nthe star formation efficiency.\n" }, { "id": "0c834282-2f3e-4b3c-b6a1-fe222fa54994", "adv_source_id": "0c834282-2f3e-4b3c-b6a1-fe222fa54994", "source_id": "0c834282-2f3e-4b3c-b6a1-fe222fa54994", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Low Energy Electron Point Projection Microscopy of Suspended Graphene,\n the Ultimate \"Microscope Slide\"", "prompt": null, "generation": " Point Projection Microscopy (PPM) is used to image suspended graphene using\nlow-energy electrons (100-200eV). Because of the low energies used, the\ngraphene is neither damaged or contaminated by the electron beam. The\ntransparency of graphene is measured to be 74%, equivalent to electron\ntransmission through a sheet as thick as twice the covalent radius of\nsp^2-bonded carbon. Also observed is rippling in the structure of the suspended\ngraphene, with a wavelength of approximately 26 nm. The interference of the\nelectron beam due to the diffraction off the edge of a graphene knife edge is\nobserved and used to calculate a virtual source size of 4.7 +/- 0.6 Angstroms\nfor the electron emitter. It is demonstrated that graphene can be used as both\nanode and substrate in PPM in order to avoid distortions due to strong field\ngradients around nano-scale objects. Graphene can be used to image objects\nsuspended on the sheet using PPM, and in the future, electron holography.\n" }, { "id": "1f77b891-9b7b-4c2a-9c91-bb3eddbb0926", "adv_source_id": "1f77b891-9b7b-4c2a-9c91-bb3eddbb0926", "source_id": "1f77b891-9b7b-4c2a-9c91-bb3eddbb0926", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Completely positive multipliers of quantum groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that any completely positive multiplier of the convolution algebra of\nthe dual of an operator algebraic quantum group $\\G$ (either a locally compact\nquantum group, or a quantum group coming from a modular or manageable\nmultiplicative unitary) is induced in a canonical fashion by a unitary\ncorepresentation of $\\G$. It follows that there is an order bijection between\nthe completely positive multipliers of $L^1(\\G)$ and the positive functionals\non the universal quantum group $C_0^u(\\G)$. We provide a direct link between\nthe Junge, Neufang, Ruan representation result and the representing element of\na multiplier, and use this to show that their representation map is always\nweak$^*$-weak$^*$-continuous.\n" }, { "id": "c147f186-19b1-4490-8742-60a7562cf0d1", "adv_source_id": "c147f186-19b1-4490-8742-60a7562cf0d1", "source_id": "c147f186-19b1-4490-8742-60a7562cf0d1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Possible Detection of an Emission Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature\n from the Accretion-powered Pulsar 4U 1626-67", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present analysis of 4U 1626-67, a 7.7 s pulsar in a low-mass X-ray binary\nsystem, observed with the hard X-ray detector of the Japanese X-ray satellite\nSuzaku in March 2006 for a net exposure of \\sim88 ks. The source was detected\nat an average 10-60 keV flux of \\sim4 x10^-10 erg cm^-2 s^-1. The\nphase-averaged spectrum is reproduced well by combining a negative and positive\npower-law times exponential cutoff (NPEX) model modified at \\sim 37 keV by a\ncyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF). The phase-resolved analysis\nshows that the spectra at the bright phases are well fit by the NPEX with CRSF\nmodel. On the other hand, the spectrum in the dim phase lacks the NPEX\nhigh-energy cutoff component, and the CRSF can be reproduced by either an\nemission or an absorption profile. When fitting the dim phase spectrum with the\nNPEX plus Gaussian model, we find that the feature is better described in terms\nof an emission rather than an absorption profile. The statistical significance\nof this result, evaluated by means of an F-test, is between 2.91 x 10^-3 and\n1.53 x 10^-5, taking into account the systematic errors in the background\nevaluation of HXD-PIN. We find that, the emission profile is more feasible than\nthe absorption one for comparing the physical parameters in other phases.\nTherefore, we have possibly detected an emission line at the cyclotron\nresonance energy in the dim phase.\n" }, { "id": "c67ad899-7fb0-416e-8821-7669ac650764", "adv_source_id": "c67ad899-7fb0-416e-8821-7669ac650764", "source_id": "c67ad899-7fb0-416e-8821-7669ac650764", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Alexander and Thurston norms of graph links", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that the Alexander and Thurston norms are the same for all\nirreducible Eisenbud-Neumann graph links in homology 3-spheres. These are the\nlinks obtained by splicing Seifert links in homology 3-spheres together along\ntori. By combining this result with previous results, we prove that the two\nnorms coincide for all links in S^3 if either of the following two conditions\nare met; the link is a graph link, so that the JSJ decomposition of its\ncomplement in S^3 is made up of pieces which are all Seifert-fibered, or the\nlink is alternating and not a (2,n)-torus link, so that the JSJ decomposition\nof its complement in S^3 is made up of pieces which are all hyperbolic. We use\nthe E-N obstructions to fibrations for graph links together with the Thurston\ncone theorem on link fibrations to deduce that every facet of the reduced\nThurston norm unit ball of a graph link is a fibered facet.\n" }, { "id": "41f0ae1c-ccb3-4ddd-babe-3d06b5eb4a47", "adv_source_id": "41f0ae1c-ccb3-4ddd-babe-3d06b5eb4a47", "source_id": "41f0ae1c-ccb3-4ddd-babe-3d06b5eb4a47", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phenomenology of the normal state in-plane transport properties of\n high-$T_c$ cuprates", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article, I review progress towards an understanding of the normal\nstate (in-plane) transport properties of high-$T_c$ cuprates in the light of\nrecent developments in both spectroscopic and transport measurement techniques.\nAgainst a backdrop of mounting evidence for anisotropic single-particle\nlifetimes in cuprate superconductors, new results have emerged that advocate\nsimilar momentum dependence in the transport decay rate $\\Gamma$({\\bf k}). In\naddition, enhancement of the energy scale (up to the bare bandwidth) over which\nspectroscopic information on the quasiparticle response can be obtained has led\nto the discovery of new, unforeseen features that surprisingly, may have a\nsignificant bearing on the transport properties at the dc limit. With these two\nkey developments in mind, I consider here whether all the ingredients necessary\nfor a complete phenomenological description of the anomalous normal state\ntransport properties of high-$T_c$ cuprates are now in place.\n" }, { "id": "aa7fa8ce-f663-4e80-ab79-3593ae171360", "adv_source_id": "aa7fa8ce-f663-4e80-ab79-3593ae171360", "source_id": "aa7fa8ce-f663-4e80-ab79-3593ae171360", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-geometric Fluxes, Asymmetric Strings and Nonassociative Geometry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study closed bosonic strings propagating both in a flat background with\nconstant H-flux and in its T-dual configurations. We define a conformal field\ntheory capturing linear effects in the flux and compute scattering amplitudes\nof tachyons, where the Rogers dilogarithm plays a prominent role. For the\nscattering of four tachyons, a fluxed version of the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude\nis derived and its pole structure is analyzed. In the case of an R-flux\nbackground obtained after three T-dualities, we find indications for a\nnonassociative target-space structure which can be described in terms of a\ndeformed tri-product. Remarkably, this product is compatible with crossing\nsymmetry of conformal correlation functions. We finally argue that the R-flux\nbackground flows to an asymmetric CFT.\n" }, { "id": "0a9477f9-298f-47ff-be8a-750282322c87", "adv_source_id": "0a9477f9-298f-47ff-be8a-750282322c87", "source_id": "0a9477f9-298f-47ff-be8a-750282322c87", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Abrupt enhancement of non-centrosymmetry and appearance of the\n spin-triplet superconducting state in Li_2(Pd_{1-x}Pt_{x})_3B beyond x=0.8", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report synthesis, ^{195}Pt, ^{11}B and ^{7}Li NMR measurements, and\nfirst-principle band calculation for non-centrosymmetric superconductors\nLi_{2}(Pd_{1-x}Pt_{x})_{3}B (x=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.84, 0.9 and 1). For 0 \\leq x\n\\leq 0.8, the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T_1 shows a clear coherence peak\njust below T_c, decreasing exponentially at low temperature, and the Knight\nshift ^{195}K decreases below T_c. For x=0.9 and 1.0, in contrast, 1/T_1 shows\nno coherence peak but a T^3 variation and ^{195}K remains unchanged across T_c.\nThese results indicate that the superconducting state changes drastically from\na spin-singlet dominant to a spin-triplet dominant state at x=0.8. We find that\nthe distortion of B(Pt,Pd)_6 increases abruptly above x=0.8, which leads to an\nabrupt enhancement of the asymmetric spin-orbit coupling as confirmed by band\ncalculation. Such local structure distortion that enhances the extent of\ninversion-symmetry breaking is primarily responsible for the pairing symmetry\nevolution. The insight obtained here provides a new guideline for searching new\nNCS superconductors with large spin-triplet component.\n" }, { "id": "46fc322a-80fd-4424-8d1e-a82cc35af0af", "adv_source_id": "46fc322a-80fd-4424-8d1e-a82cc35af0af", "source_id": "46fc322a-80fd-4424-8d1e-a82cc35af0af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Causality in AdS/CFT and Lovelock theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the constraints imposed on higher curvature corrections of the\nLovelock type due to causality restrictions in the boundary of asymptotically\nAdS space-time. In the framework of AdS/CFT, this is related to positivity of\nthe energy constraints that arise in conformal collider physics. We present\nexplicit analytic results that fully address these issues for cubic Lovelock\ngravity in arbitrary dimensions and give the formal analytic results that\ncomprehend general Lovelock theory. The computations can be performed in two\nways, both by considering a thermal setup in a black hole background and by\nstudying the scattering of gravitons with a shock wave in AdS. We show that\nboth computations coincide in Lovelock theory. The different helicities, as\nexpected, provide the boundaries defining the region of allowed couplings. We\ngeneralize these results to arbitrary higher dimensions and discuss their\nconsequences on the shear viscosity to energy density ratio of CFT plasmas, the\npossible existence of Boulware-Deser instabilities in Lovelock theory and the\nextent to which the AdS/CFT correspondence might be valid for arbitrary\ndimensions.\n" }, { "id": "eb3f024d-6d4e-4f7d-8435-f0f3455dfc7b", "adv_source_id": "eb3f024d-6d4e-4f7d-8435-f0f3455dfc7b", "source_id": "eb3f024d-6d4e-4f7d-8435-f0f3455dfc7b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Swift J1753.5-0127: The Black Hole Candidate with the shortest orbital\n period", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present time-resolved photometry of the optical counterpart to the black\nhole candidate Swift J1753.5-0127, which has remained in the low/hard X-ray\nstate and bright at optical/IR wavelengths since its discovery in 2005. At the\ntime of our observations Swift J1753.5-0127 does not show a decay trend but\nremains stable at R=16.45 with a night to night variability of ~0.05 mag. The\nR-band light curves, taken from 2007 June 3 to August 31, are not sinusoidal,\nbut exhibit a complex morphology with remarkable changes in shape and\namplitude. The best period determination is 3.2443+-0.0010 hours. This\nphotometric period is likely a superhump period, slightly larger than the\norbital period. Therefore, Swift J1753.5-0127 is the black hole candidate with\nthe shortest orbital period observed to date. Our estimation of the distance is\ncomparable to values previously published and likely places Swift J1753.5-0127\nin the Galactic halo.\n" }, { "id": "71dc7aa1-15a6-4d9b-bf2c-3ef1532bf3a7", "adv_source_id": "71dc7aa1-15a6-4d9b-bf2c-3ef1532bf3a7", "source_id": "71dc7aa1-15a6-4d9b-bf2c-3ef1532bf3a7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superspin Glass Mediated Giant Spontaneous Exchange Bias in a\n Nanocomposite of BiFeO$_3$-Bi$_2$Fe$_4$O$_9$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We observe an enormous $\\textit{spontaneous}$ exchange bias ($\\sim$300-600\nOe) - measured in an unmagnetized state following zero-field cooling - in a\nnanocomposite of BiFeO$_3$ ($\\sim$94%)-Bi$_2$Fe$_4$O$_9$ ($\\sim$6%) over a\ntemperature range 5-300 K. Depending on the path followed in tracing the\nhysteresis loop - positive (p) or negative (n) - as well as the maximum field\napplied, the exchange bias ($H_E$) varies significantly with $\\mid-H_{Ep}\\mid$\n$>$ $\\mid H_{En}\\mid$. The temperature dependence of $H_E$ is nonmonotonic. It\nincreases, initially, till $\\sim$150 K and then decreases as the blocking\ntemperature $T_B$ is approched. All these rich features appear to be\noriginating from the spontaneous symmetry breaking and consequent onset of\nunidirectional anisotropy driven by \"superinteraction bias coupling\" between\nferromagnetic core of Bi$_2$Fe$_4$O$_9$ (of average size $\\sim$19 nm) and\ncanted antiferromagnetic structure of BiFeO$_3$ (of average size $\\sim$112 nm)\nvia superspin glass moments at the shell.\n" }, { "id": "5a40ebf2-b4a8-406f-a75e-39c35570de99", "adv_source_id": "5a40ebf2-b4a8-406f-a75e-39c35570de99", "source_id": "5a40ebf2-b4a8-406f-a75e-39c35570de99", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Role of Site-selective Doping on Melting Point of CuTi Alloys: A\n Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study", "prompt": null, "generation": " Effect of site-selective substitution of Ti in Cu on the thermal stability of\nCuTi alloy is investigated using classical molecular dynamics simulations with\nEmbedded Atom Method potentials. It has been observed experimentally that\nmelting point of all the naturally occurring stable phases of CuTi alloys do\nnot show a definite trend with gradual increase in Ti concentration. To\nunderstand the phenomenon, super cells of CuTi alloy are constructed where Cu\natom is substituted by Ti randomly and at selective sites. For random\nsubstitution, the melting point decreases linearly with increase in Ti\nconcentration. A non-monotonous dependence is seen when Cu atoms at selective\nsites are replaced by Ti. For a particular doping concentration, the melting\npoint shows a wide range of variation depending on the order of atomic\narrangement, and can be fine tuned by selecting the sites for substitution. The\nvariations in melting points in different cases are explained in terms of the\npeak height, width and position of the corresponding radial distribution\nfunctions. Finally, it is verified that initial structures of the naturally\noccurring CuTi alloys are responsible for the non-definite trend in their\nmelting points.\n" }, { "id": "e06716c6-ff7b-43ba-9af9-b21996e8785f", "adv_source_id": "e06716c6-ff7b-43ba-9af9-b21996e8785f", "source_id": "e06716c6-ff7b-43ba-9af9-b21996e8785f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Geometry of Pseudodifferential algebra bundles and Fourier Integral\n Operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the geometry and topology of (filtered) algebra-bundles\n${\\bf\\Psi}^{\\mathbb Z}$ over a smooth manifold $X$ with typical fibre\n$\\Psi^{\\mathbb Z}(Z; V)$, the algebra of classical pseudodifferential operators\nof integral order on the compact manifold $Z$ acting on smooth sections of a\nvector bundle $V$. First a theorem of Duistermaat and Singer is generalized to\nthe assertion that the group of projective invertible Fourier integral\noperators ${\\rm PGL}({\\mathcal F}^\\bullet(Z; V))$, is precisely the\nautomorphism group, ${\\rm Aut}(\\Psi^{\\mathbb Z}(Z; V)),$ of the filtered\nalgebra of pseudodifferential operators. We replace some of the arguments in\ntheir paper by microlocal ones, thereby removing the topological assumption\nwell as extending their result to sections of a vector bundle. We define a\nnatural class of connections and B-fields the principal bundle to which\n${\\bf\\Psi}^{\\mathbb Z}$ is associated and obtain a de Rham representative of\nthe Dixmier-Douady class, in terms of the outer derivation on the Lie algebra\nand the residue trace of Guillemin and Wodzicki; the resulting formula only\ndepends on the formal symbol algebra ${\\bf\\Psi}^{\\mathbb\nZ}/{\\bf\\Psi}^{-\\infty}.$ Examples of pseudodifferential algebra bundles are\ngiven that are not associated to a finite dimensional fibre bundle over $X.$\n" }, { "id": "a53bbe13-34fa-4012-9e41-798f09deef5f", "adv_source_id": "a53bbe13-34fa-4012-9e41-798f09deef5f", "source_id": "a53bbe13-34fa-4012-9e41-798f09deef5f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Localized States at Zigzag Edges of Multilayer Graphene and Graphite\n Steps", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the existence of zero energy surface states localized at zigzag\nedges of $N$-layer graphene. Working within the tight-binding approximation,\nand using the simplest nearest-neighbor model, we derive the analytic solution\nfor the wavefunctions of these peculiar surface states. It is shown that zero\nenergy edge states in multilayer graphene can be divided into three families:\n(i) states living only on a single plane, equivalent to surface states in\nmonolayer graphene; (ii) states with finite amplitude over the two last, or the\ntwo first layers of the stack, equivalent to surface states in bilayer\ngraphene; (iii) states with finite amplitude over three consecutive layers.\nMultilayer graphene edge states are shown to be robust to the inclusion of the\nnext nearest-neighbor interlayer hopping. We generalize the edge state solution\nto the case of graphite steps with zigzag edges, and show that edge states\nmeasured through scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of graphite\nsteps belong to family (i) or (ii) mentioned above, depending on the way the\ntop layer is cut.\n" }, { "id": "df2fe7b4-723f-4882-ada0-f7be38034f2b", "adv_source_id": "df2fe7b4-723f-4882-ada0-f7be38034f2b", "source_id": "df2fe7b4-723f-4882-ada0-f7be38034f2b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraining Cosmic Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the first large-scale effort of creating composite spectra of\nhigh-redshift type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and comparing them to low-redshift\ncounterparts. Through the ESSENCE project, we have obtained 107 spectra of 88\nhigh-redshift SNe Ia with excellent light-curve information. In addition, we\nhave obtained 397 spectra of low-redshift SNe through a multiple-decade effort\nat Lick and Keck Observatories, and we have used 45 UV spectra obtained by\nHST/IUE. The low-redshift spectra act as a control sample when comparing to the\nESSENCE spectra. In all instances, the ESSENCE and Lick composite spectra\nappear very similar. The addition of galaxy light to the Lick composite spectra\nallows a nearly perfect match of the overall spectral-energy distribution with\nthe ESSENCE composite spectra, indicating that the high-redshift SNe are more\ncontaminated with host-galaxy light than their low-redshift counterparts. This\nis caused by observing objects at all redshifts with the same slit width, which\ncorresponds to different projected distances. After correcting for the\ngalaxy-light contamination, subtle differences in the spectra remain. We have\nestimated the systematic errors when using current spectral templates for\nK-corrections to be ~0.02 mag. The variance in the composite spectra give an\nestimate of the intrinsic variance in low-redshift maximum-light SN spectra of\n~3% in the optical and growing toward the UV. The difference between the\nmaximum light low and high-redshift spectra constrain SN evolution between our\nsamples to be < 10% in the rest-frame optical.\n" }, { "id": "12c5d9c6-ee5b-44ed-8ac3-9400003c23e5", "adv_source_id": "12c5d9c6-ee5b-44ed-8ac3-9400003c23e5", "source_id": "12c5d9c6-ee5b-44ed-8ac3-9400003c23e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Certain inequalities involving prolate spheroidal wave functions and\n associated quantities", "prompt": null, "generation": " Prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs) play an important role in various\nareas, from physics (e.g. wave phenomena, fluid dynamics) to engineering (e.g.\nsignal processing, filter design). Even though the significance of PSWFs was\nrealized at least half a century ago, and they frequently occur in\napplications, their analytical properties have not been investigated as much as\nthose of many other special functions. In particular, despite some recent\nprogress, the gap between asymptotic expansions and numerical experience, on\nthe one hand, and rigorously proven explicit bounds and estimates, on the other\nhand, is still rather wide.\n This paper attempts to improve the current situation. We analyze the\ndifferential operator associated with PSWFs, to derive fairly tight estimates\non its eigenvalues. By combining these inequalities with a number of standard\ntechniques, we also obtain several other properties of the PSFWs. The results\nare illustrated via numerical experiments.\n" }, { "id": "6c0a3f47-0f0f-4254-ae45-57a57cbb09e1", "adv_source_id": "6c0a3f47-0f0f-4254-ae45-57a57cbb09e1", "source_id": "6c0a3f47-0f0f-4254-ae45-57a57cbb09e1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "L-functions of $S_3(\\G_2(2,4,8))$", "prompt": null, "generation": " The space of Siegel cuspforms of degree $2$ of weight $3$ with respect to the\ncongruence subgroup $\\G_2(2,4,8)$ was studied by van Geemen and van Straten in\nMath. computation. {\\bf 61} (1993). They showed the space is generated by\nsix-tuple products of Igusa $\\th$-constants, and all of them are Hecke\neigenforms. They gave conjecture on the explicit description of the Andrianov\n$L$-functions. In J. Number Theory. {\\bf 125} (2007), we proved some\nconjectures by showing that some products are obtained by the Yoshida lift, a\nconstruction of Siegel eigenforms. But, other products are not obtained by the\nYoshida lift, and our technique did not work. In this paper, we give proof for\nsuch products. As a consequence, we determine automorphic representations of\nO(6), and give Hermitian modular forms of SU(2,2) of weight $4$. Further, we\ngive non-holomorphic differential threeforms on the Siegel threefold with\nrespect to $\\G_2(2,4,8)$.\n" }, { "id": "d1032e33-fead-4fa8-8f46-b8bb13d8e759", "adv_source_id": "d1032e33-fead-4fa8-8f46-b8bb13d8e759", "source_id": "d1032e33-fead-4fa8-8f46-b8bb13d8e759", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Econophysics: A new discipline", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper debates the contribution of Econophysics to the economic or\nfinancial domains. Since the traditional approach performed by Economics or\nFinance has revealed to be insufficient in fully characterizing and explaining\nthe correspondingly phenomena, we discuss whether Econophysics can provide a\nnew insight onto these matters. Thus, an assessment is presented in order to\nweight its potential opportunities and limitations. This is particularly\nrelevant as it is widely recognized that during its yet short existence\nEconophysics has experienced a growing interest not only by physicists but also\nby economists in searching for new approaches that could help explaining\nexisting questions. In fact, many papers have been submitted, some books have\nbeen released, new journals have been published, several conferences have been\nheld, a site is maintained -- http://www.unifr.ch/econophysics where news,\nevents, book reviews, papers and a blog are exhibited; a 3-year licentiate\nstudies (University of Silesia [1]) and a B.Sc. course (University of Wroclaw\n[2]) have been created and also some Ph.D. thesis have been written. Therefore,\na fundamental question arises: Is this just a fad or is it something much more\nconsistent that will prevail? This is what this paper addresses.\n" }, { "id": "a7a4c69b-498c-41e5-bb87-1100a2939a95", "adv_source_id": "a7a4c69b-498c-41e5-bb87-1100a2939a95", "source_id": "a7a4c69b-498c-41e5-bb87-1100a2939a95", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Map of the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Signal from Luminous Red Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct a map of the time derivative of the gravitational potential\ntraced by SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies. The potential decays on large scales due\nto cosmic acceleration, leaving an imprint on cosmic microwave background (CMB)\nradiation through the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect. With a template fit,\nwe directly measure this signature on the CMB at a 2-sigma confidence level.\nThe measurement is consistent with the cross-correlation statistic,\nstrengthening the claim that dark energy is indeed the cause of the\ncorrelation. This new approach potentially simplifies the cosmological\ninterpretation. Our constructed linear ISW map shows no evidence for\ndegree-scale cold and hot spots associated with supervoid and supercluster\nstructures. This suggests that the linear ISW effect in a concordance\nLambda-CDM cosmology is insufficient to explain the strong CMB imprints from\nthese structures that we previously reported.\n" }, { "id": "1de60cf9-7b1b-4ec6-9393-f2cd6b837b17", "adv_source_id": "1de60cf9-7b1b-4ec6-9393-f2cd6b837b17", "source_id": "1de60cf9-7b1b-4ec6-9393-f2cd6b837b17", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "HII Region Luminosity Function of the Interacting Galaxy M51", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a study of HII regions in M51 using the Hubble Space Telescope ACS\nimages taken as part of the Hubble Heritage Program. We have catalogued about\n19,600 HII regions in M51 with Ha luminosity in the range of L = 10^{35.5}\nerg/s to 10^{39.0} erg/s. The Ha luminosity function of HII regions (HII LF) in\nM51 is well represented by a double power law with its index alpha=-2.25\\pm0.02\nfor the bright part and alpha=-1.42\\pm0.01 for the faint part, separated at a\nbreak point L= 10^{37.1} erg/s. This break was not found in previous studies of\nM51 HII regions. Comparison with simulated HII LFs suggests that this break is\ncaused by the transition of HII region ionizing sources, from low mass clusters\n(with ~ 10^3 M_sun, including several OB stars) to more massive clusters\n(including several tens of OB stars). The HII LFs with L < 10^{37.1} erg/s are\nfound to have different slopes for different parts in M51: the HII LF for the\ninterarm region is steeper than those for the arm and the nuclear regions. This\nobserved difference in HII LFs can be explained by evolutionary effects that\nHII regions in the interarm region are relatively older than those in the other\nparts of M51.\n" }, { "id": "7fa65800-7a73-4e54-900d-034e954087de", "adv_source_id": "7fa65800-7a73-4e54-900d-034e954087de", "source_id": "7fa65800-7a73-4e54-900d-034e954087de", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Eruption of magnetic flux ropes during flux emergence", "prompt": null, "generation": " Aims: We investigate the formation of flux ropes in a flux emergence region\nand their rise into the outer atmosphere of the Sun.\n Methods: We perform 3D numerical experiments solving the time-dependent and\nresistive MHD equations.\n Results: A sub-photospheric twisted flux tube rises from the solar interior\nand expands into the corona. A flux rope is formed within the expanding field,\ndue to shearing and reconnection of field lines at low atmospheric heights. If\nthe tube emerges into a non-magnetized atmosphere, the flux rope rises, but\nremains confined inside the expanding magnetized volume. On the contrary, if\nthe expanding tube is allowed to reconnect with a preexisting coronal field,\nthe flux rope experiences a full eruption with a rise profile which is in\nqualitative agreement with erupting filaments and Coronal Mass Ejections.\n" }, { "id": "b85c3a3e-3b14-47d6-a5c7-5bebede61ace", "adv_source_id": "b85c3a3e-3b14-47d6-a5c7-5bebede61ace", "source_id": "b85c3a3e-3b14-47d6-a5c7-5bebede61ace", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Composite Weak Bosons", "prompt": null, "generation": " The weak bosons, leptons and quarks are considered as composite particles.\nThe interaction of the constituents is a confining gauge interaction. The\nstandard electroweak model is a low energy approximation. The mixing of the\nneutral weak boson with the photon is a dynamical mechanism, similar to the\nmixing between the photon and the rho-meson in QCD. This mixing provides\ninformation about the energy scale of the confining gauge force. It must be\nless than 1 TeV. At and above this energy many narrow resonances should exist,\nwhich decay into weak bosons and into lepton and quark pairs. Above 1 TeV\nexcited leptons should exist, which decay into leptons under emission of a weak\nboson or a photon. These new states can be observed with the detectors at the\nLarge Hadron Collider in CERN.\n" }, { "id": "7327f0f7-b721-4e0f-9514-0296d030aebb", "adv_source_id": "7327f0f7-b721-4e0f-9514-0296d030aebb", "source_id": "7327f0f7-b721-4e0f-9514-0296d030aebb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chemical Rates on Small Grains and PAHs: C^+ Recombination and H_2\n Formation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use observations of the CI, CII, HI, and H_2 column densities along lines\nof sight in the Galactic plane to determine the formation rate of H_2 on grains\nand to determine chemical reaction rates with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.\nPhotodissociation region models are used to find the best fit parameters to the\nobserved columns. We find the H_2 formation rate on grains has a low rate (R ~\n1 x 10^(-17) cm^(3) s^(-1)) along lines of sight with low column density (A_V <\n0.25) and low molecular fraction (f_(H_2) < 10^(-4)). At higher column\ndensities (0.25 < A_V <2.13), we find a rate of R ~ 3.5x10^(-17) cm^(3) s^(-1).\nThe lower rate at low column densities could be the result of grain processing\nby interstellar shocks which may deplete the grain surface area or process the\nsites of H +H formation, thereby inhibiting H_2 production. Alternatively, the\nformation rate may be normal, and the low molecular fraction may be the result\nof lines of sight which graze larger clouds. Such lines of sight would have a\nreduced H_2 self-shielding compared to the line-of-sight column. We find the\nreaction C^+ +PAH^- --> C + PAH^0 is best fit with a rate 2.4 x 10^(-7)\n\\Phi_PAH T_2^(-0.5) cm^(3) s^(-1) with T_2= T/100 K and the reaction C^+ +\nPAH^0 --> C + PAH^+ is best fit with a rate 8.8x 10^(-9)\\Phi_PAH cm^(3) s^(-1).\nIn high column density gas we find \\Phi_PAH ~ 0.4. In low column density gas,\n\\Phi_PAH is less well constrained with \\Phi_PAH ~ 0.2 - 0.4.\n" }, { "id": "e852285e-27ae-459b-8ee1-3699a81f1931", "adv_source_id": "e852285e-27ae-459b-8ee1-3699a81f1931", "source_id": "e852285e-27ae-459b-8ee1-3699a81f1931", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Brown Dwarf-Exoplanet Connection", "prompt": null, "generation": " Brown dwarfs are commonly regarded as easily-observed templates for exoplanet\nstudies, with comparable masses, physical sizes and atmospheric properties.\nThere is indeed considerable overlap in the photospheric temperatures of the\ncoldest brown dwarfs (spectral classes L and T) and the hottest exoplanets.\nHowever, the properties and processes associated with brown dwarf and exoplanet\natmospheres can differ significantly in detail; photospheric gas pressures,\nelemental abundance variations, processes associated with external driving\nsources, and evolutionary effects are all pertinent examples. In this\ncontribution, I review some of the basic theoretical and empirical properties\nof the currently known population of brown dwarfs, and detail the similarities\nand differences between their visible atmospheres and those of extrasolar\nplanets. I conclude with some specific results from brown dwarf studies that\nmay prove relevant in future exoplanet observations.\n" }, { "id": "6394c7fd-a8c2-48bd-a661-55db2549e4cc", "adv_source_id": "6394c7fd-a8c2-48bd-a661-55db2549e4cc", "source_id": "6394c7fd-a8c2-48bd-a661-55db2549e4cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anomalous Magnetoresistance in Fibonacci Multilayers", "prompt": null, "generation": " The present paper theoretically investigates magnetoresistance curves in\nquasiperiodic magnetic multilayers for two different growth directions, namely\n[110] and [100]. We considered identical ferromagnetic layers separated by\nnon-magnetic layers with two different thicknesses chosen based on the\nFibonacci sequence. Using parameters for Fe/Cr multilayers, four terms were\nincluded in our description of the magnetic energy: Zeeman, cubic anisotropy,\nbilinear and biquadratic couplings. The minimum energy was determined by the\ngradient method and the equilibrium magnetization directions found were used to\ncalculate magnetoresistance curves. By choosing spacers with a thickness such\nthat biquadratic coupling is stronger than bilinear coupling, unusual behaviors\nfor the magnetoresistance were observed: (i) for the [110] case there is a\ndifferent behavior for structures based on even and odd Fibonacci generations;\nand more interesting, (ii) for the [100] case we found magnetic field ranges\nfor which the magnetoresistance increases with magnetic field.\n" }, { "id": "1fd3457b-13c5-42db-8f1f-a6c5abaae130", "adv_source_id": "1fd3457b-13c5-42db-8f1f-a6c5abaae130", "source_id": "1fd3457b-13c5-42db-8f1f-a6c5abaae130", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Double Percolation Transition in Superconductor/Ferromagnet\n Nanocomposites", "prompt": null, "generation": " A double percolation transition is identified in a binary network composed of\nnanoparticles of magnesium diborade superconductor and chromium oxide\nhalf-metallic ferromagnet. Anomalously high-resistance or insulating state, as\ncompared to the conducting or superconducting states in single-component\nsystems of either constituent, is observed between two distinct percolation\nthresholds. This double percolation effect, which is especially pronounced at\nliquid helium temperatures, is controlled by composite volume fraction and\noriginates from the suppressed interface conduction and tunneling between\nnanoparticles of different species. We investigate the scaling behavior near\nboth percolation thresholds, and determine the distinct critical exponents\nassociated with two different types of transitions.\n" }, { "id": "bb4b16ef-ebe2-4593-b5f7-d1cb5222a059", "adv_source_id": "bb4b16ef-ebe2-4593-b5f7-d1cb5222a059", "source_id": "bb4b16ef-ebe2-4593-b5f7-d1cb5222a059", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unwinding of strings thrown into a fuzzball", "prompt": null, "generation": " The traditional black hole has a horizon, with a singularity inside the\nhorizon. But actual microstates of black holes are `fuzzballs', with no horizon\nand a complex internal structure. We take the simplest hole in string theory --\nthe extremal 2-charge D1D5 hole -- and study a simple effect that is a\nconsequence of this internal structure of the fuzzball. Suppose we have a NS1\nstring wrapping the compact circle of the fuzzball solution. In the traditional\nblack hole solution this circle is directly tensored with the remaining\ndirections, and does not shrink to zero size. Thus a part of the string can\nfall behind the horizon, but not `unwind'. In the fuzzball geometry, this\ncircle makes a nontrivial geometric structure -- the KK monople -- by mixing\nwith the other directions, and thus shrinks to zero at the core of the\nmonopole. Thus the string can `unwind' in the fuzzball geometry, and the\nwinding charge is then manifested by a nontrivial field strength living on the\nmicrostate solution. We compute this field strength for a generic microstate,\nand comment briefly on the physics suggested by the unwinding process.\n" }, { "id": "ec11a4bf-3a7b-4901-bdd7-d119a30a8f3b", "adv_source_id": "ec11a4bf-3a7b-4901-bdd7-d119a30a8f3b", "source_id": "ec11a4bf-3a7b-4901-bdd7-d119a30a8f3b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Annihilating-Ideal Graph of Commutative Rings I", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $R$ be a commutative ring with ${\\Bbb{A}}(R)$ its set of ideals with\nnonzero annihilator. In this paper and its sequel, we introduce and investigate\nthe {\\it annihilating-ideal graph} of $R$, denoted by ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$. It is\nthe (undirected) graph with vertices\n${\\Bbb{A}}(R)^*:={\\Bbb{A}}(R)\\setminus\\{(0)\\}$, and two distinct vertices $I$\nand $J$ are adjacent if and only if $IJ=(0)$. First, we study some finiteness\nconditions of ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$. For instance, it is shown that if $R$ is not a\ndomain, then ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ has ACC (resp., DCC) on vertices if and only if\n$R$ is Noetherian (resp., Artinian). Moreover, the set of vertices of\n${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ and the set of nonzero proper ideals of $R$ have the same\ncardinality when $R$ is either an Artinian or a decomposable ring. This yields\nfor a ring $R$, ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ has $n$ vertices $(n\\geq 1)$ if and only if $R$\nhas only $n$ nonzero proper ideals. Next, we study the connectivity of\n${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$. It is shown that ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ is a connected graph and\n$diam(\\Bbb{AG})(R)\\leq 3$ and if ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ contains a cycle, then\n$gr({\\Bbb{AG}}(R))\\leq 4$. Also, rings $R$ for which the graph ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$\nis complete or star, are characterized, as well as rings $R$ for which every\nvertex of ${\\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ is a prime (or maximal) ideal. In Part II we shall\nstudy the diameter and coloring of annihilating-ideal graphs.\n" }, { "id": "a49538d0-e8ba-451e-8dea-732a9de5949b", "adv_source_id": "a49538d0-e8ba-451e-8dea-732a9de5949b", "source_id": "a49538d0-e8ba-451e-8dea-732a9de5949b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Network Backbone Discovery Using Edge Clustering", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we investigate the problem of network backbone discovery. In\ncomplex systems, a \"backbone\" takes a central role in carrying out the system\nfunctionality and carries the bulk of system traffic. It also both simplifies\nand highlight underlying networking structure. Here, we propose an integrated\ngraph theoretical and information theoretical network backbone model. We\ndevelop an efficient mining algorithm based on Kullback-Leibler divergence\noptimization procedure and maximal weight connected subgraph discovery\nprocedure. A detailed experimental evaluation demonstrates both the\neffectiveness and efficiency of our approach. The case studies in the real\nworld domain further illustrates the usefulness of the discovered network\nbackbones.\n" }, { "id": "e6a6fcf5-5428-4382-a415-b2da650d5b3f", "adv_source_id": "e6a6fcf5-5428-4382-a415-b2da650d5b3f", "source_id": "e6a6fcf5-5428-4382-a415-b2da650d5b3f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Uniqueness of values of Aronsson operators and running costs in\n \"tug-of-war\" games", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $A_H$ be the Aronsson operator associated with a Hamiltonian $H(x,z,p).$\nAronsson operators arise from $L^\\infty$ variational problems, two person game\ntheory, control problems, etc. In this paper, we prove, under suitable\nconditions, that if $u\\in W^{1,\\infty}_{\\rm loc}(\\Omega)$ is simultaneously a\nviscosity solution of both of the equations $A_H(u)=f(x)$ and $A_H(u)=g(x)$ in\n$\\Omega$, where $f, g\\in C(\\Omega),$ then $f=g.$ The assumption $u\\in\nW_{loc}^{1,\\infty}(\\Omega)$ can be relaxed to $u\\in C(\\Omega)$ in many\ninteresting situations. Also, we prove that if $f,g,u\\in C(\\Omega)$ and $u$ is\nsimultaneously a viscosity solution of the equations ${\\Delta_\\infty u\\over\n|Du|^2}=-f(x)$ and ${\\Delta_{\\infty}u\\over |Du|^2}=-g(x)$ in $\\Omega$ then\n$f=g.$ This answers a question posed in Peres, Schramm, Scheffield and Wilson\n[PSSW] concerning whether or not the value function uniquely determines the\nrunning cost in the \"tug-of-war\" game.\n" }, { "id": "1bc4d9ef-b0e2-494a-9039-1ab09057f026", "adv_source_id": "1bc4d9ef-b0e2-494a-9039-1ab09057f026", "source_id": "1bc4d9ef-b0e2-494a-9039-1ab09057f026", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Encoding graphs into quantum states: an axiomatic approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " A fundamental problem in quantum information is to describe efficiently\nmultipartite quantum states. An efficient representation in terms of graphs\nexists for several families of quantum states (graph, cluster, stabilizer\nstates), motivating us to extend this construction to other classes. We\nintroduce an axiomatic framework for mapping graphs to quantum states of a\nsuitable physical system. Starting from three general axioms we derived a rich\nstructure which includes and generalizes several classes of multipartite\nentangled state, like graph/stabilizer states, Gaussian cluster states, quantum\nrandom networks and projected entangled pair states (PEPS). Due to its\nflexibility we can extend the present formalism to include directed and\nweighted graphs.\n" }, { "id": "5ffab6db-2c4b-472f-90cb-7ead33d9af97", "adv_source_id": "5ffab6db-2c4b-472f-90cb-7ead33d9af97", "source_id": "5ffab6db-2c4b-472f-90cb-7ead33d9af97", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Direct versus Delayed pathways in Strong-Field Non-Sequential Double\n Ionization", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report full-dimensionality quantum and classical calculations for double\nionization of laser-driven helium at 390 nm. Good qualitative agreement is\nobserved. We show that the classical double ionization trajectories can be\ndivided into two distinct pathways: direct and delayed. The direct pathway,\nwith an almost simultaneous ejection of both electrons, emerges from small\nlaser intensities. With increasing intensity its relative importance, compared\nto the delayed ionization pathway, increases until it becomes the predominant\npathway for total electron escape energy below around 5.25 $U_{p}$. However the\ndelayed pathway is the predominant one for double ionization above a certain\ncut-off energy at all laser intensities.\n" }, { "id": "ff2a31e9-aa1d-42b7-af7e-7c0d9bd66220", "adv_source_id": "ff2a31e9-aa1d-42b7-af7e-7c0d9bd66220", "source_id": "ff2a31e9-aa1d-42b7-af7e-7c0d9bd66220", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observations of 44 extragalactic radio sources with the VLBA at 92cm: A\n List of Potential Calibrators and Targets for LOFAR and RadioAstron", "prompt": null, "generation": " Aims. We have analysed VLBA 92cm archive data of 44 extragalactic sources in\norder to identify early targets and potential calibrator sources for the LOFAR\nradio telescope and the RadioAstron space VLBI mission. Some of these sources\nwill also be suitable as in-beam calibrators, permitting deep, wide-field\nstudies of other faint sources in the same field of view.\n Methods. All publicly available VLBA 92cm data observed between 1 January\n2003 to December 31 2006 have been analysed via an automatic pipeline,\nimplemented within AIPS. The vast majority of the data are unpublished.\n Results. The sample consists of 44 sources, 34 of which have been detected on\nat least one VLBA baseline. 30 sources have sufficient data to be successfully\nimaged. Most of the sources are compact, with a few showing extended\nstructures. Of the 30 sources imaged, 13 are detected on the longest VLBA\nbaselines (approx. 9 Mega wavelengths), while all were detected on baselines\ngreater than 2 Mega wavelengths (the maximum baseline of LOFAR including the\ncurrent international baselines).\n" }, { "id": "48919505-af8a-4b40-9762-da6d2373ecbc", "adv_source_id": "48919505-af8a-4b40-9762-da6d2373ecbc", "source_id": "48919505-af8a-4b40-9762-da6d2373ecbc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of electric field induced one-magnon resonance in cycloidal spin\n magnets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new mechanism to induce a novel one-magnon excitation by the\nelectric component of light in cycloidal spin states, i.e. so called\nelectromagnon process. We calculated optical spectra in the cycloidal spin\nstructures as observed in multiferroic perovskite manganites RMnO3 where novel\nmagnetic excitations induced by oscillating electric fields are observed. When\nsymmetric spin-dependent electric polarizations are introduced, we have light\nabsorptions at terahertz frequencies with one- and two-magnon excitations\ndriven by the electric component of light. Our results show that some parts of\noptical spectra observed experimentally at terahertz frequencies are one-magnon\nexcitation absorptions.\n" }, { "id": "0f947f6c-1a82-4050-aa72-70c7f9ae4e10", "adv_source_id": "0f947f6c-1a82-4050-aa72-70c7f9ae4e10", "source_id": "0f947f6c-1a82-4050-aa72-70c7f9ae4e10", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Brane resolution in heterotic theory through BF term", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have studied the resolution of a naked singularity of a conifold in\nheterotic theory by a BF topological defect living in a 5-brane. The\nsingularity is removed due to Chern-Simons action that changes the Bianchi\nidentity for the H3 3-form. Following the previous analysis of Cvetic, Lu and\nPope where they have studied the resolution through an instanton defect, we\nhave taken a conifold over an Eguchi-Hanson manifold and a harmonic self-dual\n2-form related with F2 to solve the differential equation for the warp factor.\nSince the H3 field is related to torsion in the extra manifold, we can\ninterpret this conifold as one with torsion. Using the so called BF term we\nhave found a solution with the same properties of the instanton such that the\nconifold is smoothed out and has a torsion that diverges in IR regime and\nvanish in UV regime.\n" }, { "id": "bc2b331e-cf26-461b-a689-a134eb057537", "adv_source_id": "bc2b331e-cf26-461b-a689-a134eb057537", "source_id": "bc2b331e-cf26-461b-a689-a134eb057537", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "RR Lyrae Period-Amplitude Diagrams: From Bailey to Today", "prompt": null, "generation": " More than a century ago, Solon Bailey's pioneering investigations of the\nvariable stars in globular clusters allowed the first period-amplitude diagrams\nto be constructed for their RR Lyrae stars. These diagrams differ from cluster\nto cluster, and there has been debate as to whether these differences are\ncorrelated mainly with [Fe/H] or with Oosterhoff type. It is clear now that a\ncluster's Oosterhoff type plays an important role in determining its\nperiod-amplitude relation, although the Oosterhoff dichotomy itself is\ncorrelated with metallicity. Not all clusters follow the usual patterns,\nhowever. The globular clusters NGC 6388 and NGC 6441 have period-amplitude\ndiagrams similar to those of metal-poor Oosterhoff type II globular clusters,\nbut they themselves are comparatively metal-rich. The period-amplitude diagrams\nof Oosterhoff-intermediate systems are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "c8e6bcbd-2980-4fab-8146-2407bac07541", "adv_source_id": "c8e6bcbd-2980-4fab-8146-2407bac07541", "source_id": "c8e6bcbd-2980-4fab-8146-2407bac07541", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transport through a multiply connected interacting meso-system using the\n Keldysh formalism", "prompt": null, "generation": " We apply the Keldysh formalism in order to derive a current formula easy to\nuse for a system with many sites, one of which is interacting. The main\ntechnical challenge is to deal with the lesser Green function. It turns out\nthat, in the case of the left-right symmetry, the knowledge of the lesser Green\nfunction is not necessary and an exact current formula can be expressed in\nterms of retarded Green functions only. The application is done for a\ntriangular interferometer which gives a good account of the Fano-Kondo effect.\nIt is found that the interference effects, in the context of Kondo\ncorrelations, give rise to a point in the parameters space where the\nconductance is temperature-independent. We include a comparison with the\nresults from the Ng's ansatz, which are less accurate, but can be used also in\nthe absence of the above mentioned symmetry.\n" }, { "id": "f58415a1-a33c-4a93-98a4-5520e31b58ef", "adv_source_id": "f58415a1-a33c-4a93-98a4-5520e31b58ef", "source_id": "f58415a1-a33c-4a93-98a4-5520e31b58ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mass Spectrum Dependence of Higgs-mediated mu-e Transition in the MSSM", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we study non-decoupling $\\mu$ - $e$ transition effects by\nHiggs-mediated contribution in the MSSM, when some SUSY mass parameters are\nmuch greater than TeV. In order to treat CP-odd Higgs mass $m_{A^{0}}$ as a\nfree parameter, we consider the non-universal Higgs mass model (NUHM), and\nassume the only left- or right-handed sleptons had flavor-mixing mass terms. If\nboth Higgs-mediated and ordinary SUSY contribution are significant, the ratio\nof branching ratios $\\BR(\\meg) / \\BR(\\maleal)$ becomes sensitive to SUSY mass\nparameters. We investigated these mass-sensitive regions and the behavior of\nthe ratio $\\BR(\\meg) / \\BR(\\maleal)$ in some mass spectrum of the NUHM, and\nfound that this ratio drastically depends on the mass spectrum structure and\nchirality of flavor violation. Log factor from two split mass scale influences\nthe way of interference between gaugino- and Higgs-mediated contributions\nsignificantly.\n" }, { "id": "a1c6b63f-3719-45ce-8005-87c081c5b93f", "adv_source_id": "a1c6b63f-3719-45ce-8005-87c081c5b93f", "source_id": "a1c6b63f-3719-45ce-8005-87c081c5b93f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Non-Blind Watermarking Scheme for Gray Scale Images in Discrete\n Wavelet Transform Domain using Two Subbands", "prompt": null, "generation": " Digital watermarking is the process to hide digital pattern directly into a\ndigital content. Digital watermarking techniques are used to address digital\nrights management, protect information and conceal secrets. An invisible\nnon-blind watermarking approach for gray scale images is proposed in this\npaper. The host image is decomposed into 3-levels using Discrete Wavelet\nTransform. Based on the parent-child relationship between the wavelet\ncoefficients the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) compression\nalgorithm is performed on the LH3, LH2, HL3 and HL2 subbands to find out the\nsignificant coefficients. The most significant coefficients of LH2 and HL2\nbands are selected to embed a binary watermark image. The selected significant\ncoefficients are modulated using Noise Visibility Function, which is considered\nas the best strength to ensure better imperceptibility. The approach is tested\nagainst various image processing attacks such as addition of noise, filtering,\ncropping, JPEG compression, histogram equalization and contrast adjustment. The\nexperimental results reveal the high effectiveness of the method.\n" }, { "id": "32193472-ae16-45e6-ba68-21d1c1c7ef37", "adv_source_id": "32193472-ae16-45e6-ba68-21d1c1c7ef37", "source_id": "32193472-ae16-45e6-ba68-21d1c1c7ef37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Perturbations In A Non-Uniform Dark Energy Fluid: Equations Reveal\n Effects of Modified Gravity and Dark Matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a unified single-field description of the galactic Dark Matter and\nvarious uniform scalar fields for the inflation and cosmological constant. The\ntwo types of effects could originate from a fluid of both spatially and\ntemporally varying Vacuum Energy if the vacuum has an uneven pressure caused by\na photon-like vector field (of perhaps an unstable massive boson). We propose a\nmost general Lagrangian with a {\\bf N}on-{\\bf u}niform Cosmological Constant\nfor this vacuum fluid (dubbed as a Nu-Lambda fluid), working within the\nframework of Einsteinian gravity. This theory includes a continuous spectrum of\nplausible dark energy theories and gravity theories, e.g., inflation,\nquintessence, k-essence, f(R), Generalized Einstein-Aether f(K), MOND, TeVeS,\nBSTV etc. theories. It also suggests new models such as a certain f(K+R) model,\nwhich suggests intriguing corrections to MOND depending of redshift and\ndensity. Some specific constructions of the Nu-Lambda fluid (e.g., Zhao's\nV-$\\Lambda$ model) closely resemble the $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology on large scale,\nbut fit galaxy rotation curves as good as MOND. Perturbed Einstein Equations in\na simple $f(K_4)$ model are solvable and show effects of a DM coupled to DE.\nIncorporating the perturbation equations here into standard simulations for\ncosmological structure growth offers a chance to falsify examples of the\nNu-Lambda theories.\n" }, { "id": "84c4e4cd-5c87-478a-a517-353b27efb1af", "adv_source_id": "84c4e4cd-5c87-478a-a517-353b27efb1af", "source_id": "84c4e4cd-5c87-478a-a517-353b27efb1af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bijections for Entringer families", "prompt": null, "generation": " Andr\\'e proved that the number of alternating permutations on $\\{1, 2, \\dots,\nn\\}$ is equal to the Euler number $E_n$. A refinement of Andr\\'e's result was\ngiven by Entringer, who proved that counting alternating permutations according\nto the first element gives rise to Seidel's triangle $(E_{n,k})$ for computing\nthe Euler numbers. In a series of papers, using generating function method and\ninduction, Poupard gave several further combinatorial interpretations for\n$E_{n,k}$ both in alternating permutations and increasing trees. Kuznetsov,\nPak, and Postnikov have given more combinatorial interpretations of $E_{n,k}$\nin the model of trees. The aim of this paper is to provide bijections between\nthe different models for $E_{n,k}$ as well as some new interpretations. In\nparticular, we give the first explicit one-to-one correspondence between\nEntringer's alternating permutation model and Poupard's increasing tree model.\n" }, { "id": "9e8ad473-4c2a-432c-835d-be5e63be84c8", "adv_source_id": "9e8ad473-4c2a-432c-835d-be5e63be84c8", "source_id": "9e8ad473-4c2a-432c-835d-be5e63be84c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spatial correlation functions for the collective degrees of freedom of\n many trapped ions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spatial correlation functions provide a glimpse into the quantum correlations\nwithin a quantum system. Ions in a linear trap collectively form a nonuniform,\ndiscretized background on which a scalar field of phonons propagates. Trapped\nions have the experimental advantage of each having their own \"built-in\"\nmotional detector: electronic states that can be coupled, via an external\nlaser, to the ion's vibrational motion. The post-interaction electronic state\ncan be read out with high efficiency, giving a stochastic measurement record\nwhose classical correlations reflect the quantum correlations of the ions'\ncollective vibrational state. Here we calculate this general result, then we\ndiscuss the long detection-time limit and specialize to Gaussian states, and\nfinally we compare the results for thermal versus squeezed states.\n" }, { "id": "ae30d93f-acca-4c25-bb82-b43d5f44af53", "adv_source_id": "ae30d93f-acca-4c25-bb82-b43d5f44af53", "source_id": "ae30d93f-acca-4c25-bb82-b43d5f44af53", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Topological reversibility and causality in feed-forward networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Systems whose organization displays causal asymmetry constraints, from\nevolutionary trees to river basins or transport networks, can be often\ndescribed in terms of directed paths (causal flows) on a discrete state space.\nSuch a set of paths defines a feed-forward, acyclic network. A key problem\nassociated with these systems involves characterizing their intrinsic degree of\npath reversibility: given an end node in the graph, what is the uncertainty of\nrecovering the process backwards until the origin? Here we propose a novel\nconcept, \\textit{topological reversibility}, which rigorously weigths such\nuncertainty in path dependency quantified as the minimum amount of information\nrequired to successfully revert a causal path. Within the proposed framework we\nalso analytically characterize limit cases for both topologically reversible\nand maximally entropic structures. The relevance of these measures within the\ncontext of evolutionary dynamics is highlighted.\n" }, { "id": "fb99a9bd-2646-43fe-9a93-0683ff94d178", "adv_source_id": "fb99a9bd-2646-43fe-9a93-0683ff94d178", "source_id": "fb99a9bd-2646-43fe-9a93-0683ff94d178", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Landauer vs. Boltzmann and Full Band vs. Effective Mass Evaluation of\n Thermoelectric Transport Coefficients", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Landauer approach to diffusive transport is mathematically related to the\nsolution of the Boltzmann transport equation, and expressions for the\nthermoelectric parameters in both formalisms are presented. Quantum mechanical\nand semiclassical techniques to obtain from a full description of the\nbandstructure, E(k), the number of conducting channels in the Landauer approach\nor the transport distribution in the Boltzmann solution are developed and\ncompared. Thermoelectric transport coefficients are evaluated from an atomistic\nlevel, full band description of a crystal. Several example calculations for\nrepresentative bulk materials are presented, and the full band results are\nrelated to the more common effective mass formalism. Finally, given a full E(k)\nfor a crystal, a procedure to extract an accurate, effective mass level\ndescription is presented.\n" }, { "id": "0322a118-567e-46ff-923e-ad03a074d4a5", "adv_source_id": "0322a118-567e-46ff-923e-ad03a074d4a5", "source_id": "0322a118-567e-46ff-923e-ad03a074d4a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Is very high energy emission from the BL Lac 1ES 0806+524 centrifugally\n driven?", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the role of centrifugal acceleration of electrons in producing\nthe very high energy (VHE) radiation from the BL Lac object 1ES 0806+524,\nrecently detected by VERITAS. The efficiency of the inverse Compton scattering\n(ICS) of the accretion disk thermal photons against rotationally accelerated\nelectrons is examined. By studying the dynamics of centrifugally induced\noutflows and by taking into account a cooling process due to the ICS, we\nestimate the maximum attainable Lorentz factors of particles and derive\ncorresponding energetic characteristics of the emission. Examining physically\nreasonable parameters, by considering the narrow interval of inclination angles\n(0.7^o-0.95^o) of magnetic field lines with respect to the rotation axis, it is\nshown that the centrifugally accelerated electrons may lead to the\nobservational pattern of the VHE emission, if the density of electrons is in a\ncertain interval.\n" }, { "id": "6b77293b-16c3-4001-a6b1-fc0d10e2bdcd", "adv_source_id": "6b77293b-16c3-4001-a6b1-fc0d10e2bdcd", "source_id": "6b77293b-16c3-4001-a6b1-fc0d10e2bdcd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Classification Theorem for Compact Surfaces And A Detour On Fractals", "prompt": null, "generation": " The purpose of these notes is to present a fairly complete proof of the\nclassification Theorem for compact surfaces. Other presentations are often\nquite informal (see the references in Chapter V) and we have tried to be more\nrigorous. Our main source of inspiration is the beautiful book on Riemann\nSurfaces by Ahlfors and Sario. However, Ahlfors and Sario's presentation is\nvery formal and quite compact. As a result, uninitiated readers will probably\nhave a hard time reading this book.\n Our goal is to help the reader reach the top of the mountain and help him not\nto get lost or discouraged too early. This is not an easy task!\n We provide quite a bit of topological background material and the basic facts\nof algebraic topology needed for understanding how the proof goes, with more\nthan an impressionistic feeling. We hope that these notes will be helpful to\nreaders interested in geometry, and who still believe in the rewards of serious\nhiking!\n" }, { "id": "c8648211-a99a-46ef-b084-1c6a5efdfa46", "adv_source_id": "c8648211-a99a-46ef-b084-1c6a5efdfa46", "source_id": "c8648211-a99a-46ef-b084-1c6a5efdfa46", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Verifying Embedded C Software with Timing Constraints using an Untimed\n Model Checker", "prompt": null, "generation": " Embedded systems are everywhere, from home appliances to critical systems\nsuch as medical devices. They usually have associated timing constraints that\nneed to be verified for the implementation. Here, we use an untimed bounded\nmodel checker to verify timing properties of embedded C programs. We propose an\napproach to specify discrete time timing constraints using code annotations.\nThe annotated code is then automatically translated to code that manipulates\nauxiliary timer variables and is thus suitable as input to conventional,\nuntimed software model checker such as ESBMC. Thus, we can check timing\nconstraints in the same way and at the same time as untimed system\nrequirements, and even allow for interaction between them. We applied the\nproposed method in a case study, and verified timing constraints of a pulse\noximeter, a noninvasive medical device that measures the oxygen saturation of\narterial blood.\n" }, { "id": "beda438f-1dfa-4bcb-a877-8a7e245f634d", "adv_source_id": "beda438f-1dfa-4bcb-a877-8a7e245f634d", "source_id": "beda438f-1dfa-4bcb-a877-8a7e245f634d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Complete stationary surfaces in $\\mathbb{R}^4_1$ with total curvature\n $-\\int K\\mathrm{d}M=4\\pi$", "prompt": null, "generation": " Applying the general theory about complete spacelike stationary (i.e. zero\nmean curvature) surfaces in 4-dimensional Lorentz space $\\mathbb{R}^4_1$, we\nclassify those regular algebraic ones with total Gaussian curvature $-\\int\nK\\mathrm{d}M=4\\pi$. Such surfaces must be oriented and be congruent to either\nthe generalized catenoids or the generalized enneper surfaces. For\nnon-orientable stationary surfaces, we consider the Weierstrass representation\non the oriented double covering $\\widetilde{M}$ (of genus $g$) and generalize\nMeeks and Oliveira's M\\\"obius bands. The total Gaussian curvature are shown to\nbe at least $2\\pi(g+3)$ when $\\widetilde{M}\\to\\mathbb{R}^4_1$ is\nalgebraic-type. We conjecture that there do not exist non-algebraic examples\nwith $-\\int K\\mathrm{d}M=4\\pi$.\n" }, { "id": "1aa78efd-4b0d-4661-b641-1fdff2ecdb0b", "adv_source_id": "1aa78efd-4b0d-4661-b641-1fdff2ecdb0b", "source_id": "1aa78efd-4b0d-4661-b641-1fdff2ecdb0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Graphs of Hecke operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $X$ be a curve over $\\F_q$ with function field $F$. In this paper, we\ndefine a graph for each Hecke operator with fixed ramification. A priori, these\ngraphs can be seen as a convenient language to organize formulas for the action\nof Hecke operators on automorphic forms. However, they will prove to be a\npowerful tool for explicit calculations and proofs of finite dimensionality\nresults.\n We develop a structure theory for certain graphs $G_x$ of unramified Hecke\noperators, which is of a similar vein to Serre's theory of quotients of Bruhat\nTits trees. To be precise, $G_x$ is locally a quotient of a Bruhat Tits tree\nand has finitely many components. An interpretation of $G_x$ in terms of rank 2\nbundles on $X$ and methods from reduction theory show that $G_x$ is the union\nof finitely many cusps, which are infinite subgraphs of a simple nature, and a\nnucleus, which is a finite subgraph that depends heavily on the arithmetics of\n$F$.\n We describe how one recovers unramified automorphic forms as functions on the\ngraphs $G_x$. In the exemplary cases of the cuspidal and the toroidal\ncondition, we show how a linear condition on functions on $G_x$ leads to a\nfinite dimensionality result. In particular, we re-obtain the\nfinite-dimensionality of the space of unramified cusp forms and the space of\nunramified toroidal automorphic forms.\n In an Appendix, we calculate a variety of examples of graphs over rational\nfunction fields.\n" }, { "id": "0c1ae3e7-1dc3-4cb1-9213-ad73524cfa5e", "adv_source_id": "0c1ae3e7-1dc3-4cb1-9213-ad73524cfa5e", "source_id": "0c1ae3e7-1dc3-4cb1-9213-ad73524cfa5e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "AMBER/VLTI observations of the B[e] star MWC 300", "prompt": null, "generation": " Aims. We study the enigmatic B[e] star MWC 300 to investigate its disk and\nbinary with milli-arcsecond-scale angular resolution. Methods. We observed MWC\n300 with the VLTI/AMBER instrument in the H and K bands and compared these\nobservations with temperature-gradient models to derive model parameters.\nResults. The measured low visibility values, wavelength dependence of the\nvisibilities, and wavelength dependence of the closure phase directly suggest\nthat MWC 300 consists of a resolved disk and a close binary. We present a model\nconsisting of a binary and a temperature-gradient disk that is able to\nreproduce the visibilities, closure phases, and spectral energy distribution.\nThis model allows us to constrain the projected binary separation (~4.4 mas or\n~7.9 AU), the flux ratio of the binary components (~2.2), the disk temperature\npower-law index, and other parameters.\n" }, { "id": "590c96a8-2031-4e0f-b123-15cbdb44cae4", "adv_source_id": "590c96a8-2031-4e0f-b123-15cbdb44cae4", "source_id": "590c96a8-2031-4e0f-b123-15cbdb44cae4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Influence of the losses on the super-resolution performances of an\n impedance matched negative index material", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss by a Poynting vector analysis how the losses of a negative index\nmaterial (NIM) affect the resolution performances of a Veselago-Pendry lens and\nwe analyze those performances in the framework of the Abbe criterion. Both the\nlimit of high losses and low losses are explored. We find that the impedance\nmatched NIM is able to resolve 30% better than the limit imposed by the Abbe\ncriterion even when the imaginary part of the refractive index (the material\nlosses) exceeds the absolute value of the real part of the refractive index.\nThe NIM is described by a lossy Drude model with equal permittivity and\npermeability. By increasing the damping parameter of the Drude model we also\nexplore the regime where both permittivity and permeability are positive and\npoint out the conditions under which the metamaterial is still able to\nsuper-resolve.\n" }, { "id": "7d166595-8ef7-432f-bd35-7d162706d51b", "adv_source_id": "7d166595-8ef7-432f-bd35-7d162706d51b", "source_id": "7d166595-8ef7-432f-bd35-7d162706d51b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin Dynamics of $Ni Cl_2-4SC(NH_2)_2$ in the Field-Induced Ordered\n Phase", "prompt": null, "generation": " $Ni Cl_2$-$4SC(NH_2)_2$ (known as DTN) is a spin-1 material with a strong\nsingle-ion anisotropy that is regarded as a new candidate for Bose-Einstein\ncondensation (BEC) of spin degrees of freedom. We present a systematic study of\nthe low-energy excitation spectrum of DTN in the field-induced magnetically\nordered phase by means of high-field electron spin resonance measurements at\ntemperatures down to 0.45 K. We argue that two gapped modes observed in the\nexperiment can be consistently interpreted within a four-sublattice\nantiferromagnet model with a finite interaction between two tetragonal\nsubsystems and unbroken axial symmetry. The latter is crucial for the\ninterpretation of the field-induced ordering in DTN in terms of BEC.\n" }, { "id": "69e0c35b-a50c-49a6-b4bd-78d3c97ed44e", "adv_source_id": "69e0c35b-a50c-49a6-b4bd-78d3c97ed44e", "source_id": "69e0c35b-a50c-49a6-b4bd-78d3c97ed44e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "There are no Goldstone bosons on the Bethe lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss symmetry breaking quantum phase transitions on the oft studied\nBethe lattice in the context of the ferromagnetic scalar spherical model or,\nequivalently, the infinite $N_f$ limit of ferromagnetic models with $O(N_f)$\nsymmetry. We show that the approach to quantum criticality is characterized by\nthe vanishing of a gap to just the global modes so that {\\it all} local\ncorrelation functions continue to exhibit massive behavior. This behavior\npersists into the broken symmetry phase even as the order parameter develops an\nexpectation value and thus there are no massless Goldstone bosons in the\nspectrum. We relate this feature to a spectral property of the graph Laplacian\nshared by the set of `expander' graphs, and argue that our results apply to\nsymmetry breaking transitions on such graphs quite generally.\n" }, { "id": "eadf9a0b-a945-41cd-84ef-8f6601c775b1", "adv_source_id": "eadf9a0b-a945-41cd-84ef-8f6601c775b1", "source_id": "eadf9a0b-a945-41cd-84ef-8f6601c775b1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Partial correlation analysis indicates causal relationships between\n GC-content, exon density and recombination rate in the human genome", "prompt": null, "generation": " {\\bf Background}: Several features are known to correlate with the GC-content\nin the human genome, including recombination rate, gene density and distance to\ntelomere. However, by testing for pairwise correlation only, it is impossible\nto distinguish direct associations from indirect ones and to distinguish\nbetween causes and effects. {\\bf Results}: We use partial correlations to\nconstruct partially directed graphs for the following four variables:\nGC-content, recombination rate, exon density and distance-to-telomere.\nRecombination rate and exon density are unconditionally uncorrelated, but\nbecome inversely correlated by conditioning on GC-content. This pattern\nindicates a model where recombination rate and exon density are two independent\ncauses of GC-content variation. {\\bf Conclusions}: Causal inference and\ngraphical models are useful methods to understand genome evolution and the\nmechanisms of isochore evolution in the human genome.\n" }, { "id": "7f006185-4b28-4247-b2d5-148d50820ddb", "adv_source_id": "7f006185-4b28-4247-b2d5-148d50820ddb", "source_id": "7f006185-4b28-4247-b2d5-148d50820ddb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effect of promoter architecture on the cell-to-cell variability in gene\n expression", "prompt": null, "generation": " According to recent experimental evidence, the architecture of a promoter,\ndefined as the number, strength and regulatory role of the operators that\ncontrol the promoter, plays a major role in determining the level of\ncell-to-cell variability in gene expression. These quantitative experiments\ncall for a corresponding modeling effort that addresses the question of how\nchanges in promoter architecture affect noise in gene expression in a\nsystematic rather than case-by-case fashion. In this article, we make such a\nsystematic investigation, based on a simple microscopic model of gene\nregulation that incorporates stochastic effects. In particular, we show how\noperator strength and operator multiplicity affect this variability. We examine\ndifferent modes of transcription factor binding to complex promoters\n(cooperative, independent, simultaneous) and how each of these affects the\nlevel of variability in transcription product from cell-to-cell. We propose\nthat direct comparison between in vivo single-cell experiments and theoretical\npredictions for the moments of the probability distribution of mRNA number per\ncell can discriminate between different kinetic models of gene regulation.\n" }, { "id": "0385dc8b-b73e-4d53-9957-ee34c550c290", "adv_source_id": "0385dc8b-b73e-4d53-9957-ee34c550c290", "source_id": "0385dc8b-b73e-4d53-9957-ee34c550c290", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermi-surface evolution across the magnetic phase transition in the\n Kondo lattice model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive, by means of an extended Gutzwiller wavefunction and within the\nGutzwiller approximation, the phase diagram of the Kondo lattice model. We find\nthat generically, namely in the absence of nesting, the model displays an\n$f$-electron Mott localization accompanied by a discontinuous change of the\nconduction electron Fermi surface as well as by magnetism. When the non\ninteracting Fermi surface is close to nesting, the Mott localization\ndisentangles from the onset of magnetism. First the paramagnetic heavy fermion\nmetal turns continuously into an itinerant magnet - the Fermi surface evolves\nsmoothly across the transition - and afterwards Mott localization intervenes\nwith a discontinuous rearrangement of the Fermi surface. We find that the\n$f$-electron localization remains even if magnetism is prevented, and is still\naccompanied by a sharp transfer of spectral weigth at the Fermi energy within\nthe Brillouin zone. We further show that the Mott localization can be also\ninduced by an external magnetic field, in which case it occurs concomitantly\nwith a metamagnetic transition.\n" }, { "id": "d09e06be-de5e-4033-ae70-118fe9f5c0d4", "adv_source_id": "d09e06be-de5e-4033-ae70-118fe9f5c0d4", "source_id": "d09e06be-de5e-4033-ae70-118fe9f5c0d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Categories of unitary representations of Banach-Lie supergroups and\n restriction functors", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove that the categories of smooth and analytic unitary representations\nof Banach--Lie supergroups are well-behaved under restriction functors, in the\nsense that the restriction of a representation to an integral subsupergroup is\nwell-defined. We also prove that the category of analytic representations is\nisomorphic to a subcategory of the category of smooth representations. These\nfacts are needed as a crucial first step to a rigorous treatment of the\nanalytic theory of unitary representations of Banach--Lie supergroups. They\nextend the known results for finite dimensional Lie supergroups. In the\ninfinite dimensional case the proofs require several new ideas. As an\napplication, we give an analytic realization of the oscillator representation\nof the restricted orthosymplectic Banach--Lie supergroup.\n" }, { "id": "264b3532-0c1f-4074-b8c6-1463c8a430b6", "adv_source_id": "264b3532-0c1f-4074-b8c6-1463c8a430b6", "source_id": "264b3532-0c1f-4074-b8c6-1463c8a430b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Three-dimensional topologically gauged N=6 ABJM type theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we construct the $\\mathcal N=6$ conformal supergravity in three\ndimensions from a set of Chern-Simons-like terms one for each of the graviton,\ngravitino, and R-symmetry gauge field and then couple this theory to the\n$\\mathcal N=6$ superconformal ABJM theory. In a first step part of the coupled\nLagrangian for this topologically gauged ABJM theory is derived by demanding\nthat all terms of third and second order in covariant derivatives cancel in the\nsupersymmtry variation of the Lagrangian. To achieve this the transformation\nrules of the two separate sectors must be augmented by new terms. In a second\nstep we analyze all terms in $\\delta L$ that are of first order in covariant\nderivatives. The cancelation of these terms require additional terms in the\ntransformation rules as well as a number of new terms in the Lagrangian. As a\nfinal step we check that all remaining terms in $\\delta L$ which are bilinear\nin fermions cancel which means that the presented Lagrangian and transformation\nrules constitute the complete answer. In particular we find in the last step\nnew terms in the scalar potential containing either one or no structure\nconstant. The non-derivative higher fermion terms in $\\delta L$ that have not\nyet been completely analyzed are briefly discussed.\n" }, { "id": "4c528281-3cfe-40a8-af4f-fe189c9e48fe", "adv_source_id": "4c528281-3cfe-40a8-af4f-fe189c9e48fe", "source_id": "4c528281-3cfe-40a8-af4f-fe189c9e48fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraints on cosmological models from lens redshift data", "prompt": null, "generation": " Strong lensing has developed into an important astrophysical tool for probing\nboth cosmology and galaxies (their structures, formations, and evolutions). Now\nseveral hundreds of strong lens systems produced by massive galaxies have been\ndiscovered, which may form well-defined samples useful for statistical\nanalyses. To collect a relatively complete lens redshift data from various\nlarge systematic surveys of gravitationally lensed quasars and check the\npossibility to use it as a future complementarity to other cosmological probes.\nWe use the distribution of gravitationally-lensed image separations observed in\nthe Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS), the PMN-NVSS Extragalactic Lens Survey\n(PANELS), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and other surveys, considering a\nsingular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) model for galactic potentials as well as\nimproved new measurements of the velocity dispersion function of galaxies based\non the SDSS DR5 data and recent semi-analytical modeling of galaxy formation,\nto constrain two dark energy models ($\\Lambda$CDM and constant $w$) under a\nflat universe assumption. We find that the current lens redshift data give a\nrelatively weak constraint on the model parameters. However, by combing the\nredshift data with the baryonic acoustic oscillation peak and the comic\nmacrowave background data, we obtain more stringent results, which show that\nthe flat $\\Lambda$ CDM model is still included at 1$\\sigma$.\n" }, { "id": "77379253-abfc-421a-a4e4-3cee8c648c3b", "adv_source_id": "77379253-abfc-421a-a4e4-3cee8c648c3b", "source_id": "77379253-abfc-421a-a4e4-3cee8c648c3b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Extreme Hosts of Extreme Supernovae", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use GALEX ultraviolet (UV) and optical integrated photometry of the hosts\nof seventeen luminous supernovae (LSNe, having peak M_V < -21) and compare them\nto a sample of 26,000 galaxies from a cross-match between the SDSS DR4 spectral\ncatalog and GALEX interim release 1.1. We place the LSNe hosts on the galaxy\nNUV-r versus M_r color magnitude diagram (CMD) with the larger sample to\nillustrate how extreme they are. The LSN hosts appear to favor low-density\nregions of the galaxy CMD falling on the blue edge of the blue cloud toward the\nlow luminosity end. From the UV-optical photometry, we estimate the star\nformation history of the LSN hosts. The hosts have moderately low star\nformation rates (SFRs) and low stellar masses (M_*) resulting in high specific\nstar formation rates (sSFR). Compared with the larger sample, the LSN hosts\noccupy low-density regions of a diagram plotting sSFR versus M_* in the area\nhaving higher sSFR and lower M_*. This preference for low M_*, high sSFR hosts\nimplies the LSNe are produced by an effect having to do with their local\nenvironment. The correlation of mass with metallicity suggests that perhaps\nwind-driven mass loss is the factor that prevents LSNe from arising in\nhigher-mass, higher-metallicity hosts. The massive progenitors of the LSNe\n(>100 M_sun), by appearing in low-SFR hosts, are potential tests for theories\nof the initial mass function that limit the maximum mass of a star based on the\nSFR.\n" }, { "id": "c8e9277a-db36-417f-839b-4c664945e4b0", "adv_source_id": "c8e9277a-db36-417f-839b-4c664945e4b0", "source_id": "c8e9277a-db36-417f-839b-4c664945e4b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Extended Emission Around the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E\n 1547.0-5408", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an analysis of the extended emission around the anomalous X-ray\npulsar 1E 1547.0-5408 using four XMM-Newton observations taken with the source\nin varying states of outburst as well as in quiescence. We find that the\nextended emission flux is highly variable and strongly correlated with the flux\nof the magnetar. Based on this result, as well as on spectral and energetic\nconsiderations, we conclude that the extended emission is dominated by a\ndust-scattering halo and not a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), as has been previously\nargued. We obtain an upper limit on the 2-10 keV flux of a possible PWN of\n4.7e-14 erg/s/cm^2, three times less than the previously claimed value,\nimplying an efficiency for conversion of spin-down energy into nebular\nluminosity of <9e-4 (assuming a distance of 4 kpc). We do, however, find strong\nevidence for X-ray emission from the supernova remnant shell surrounding the\npulsar, as previously reported.\n" }, { "id": "7adb154a-9caf-452a-a122-e1ac33477945", "adv_source_id": "7adb154a-9caf-452a-a122-e1ac33477945", "source_id": "7adb154a-9caf-452a-a122-e1ac33477945", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasi-Fibonacci oscillators", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the properties of sequences of the energy eigenvalues for some\ngeneralizations of q-deformed oscillators including the p,q-oscillator, the 3-,\n4- and 5-parameter deformed oscillators given in the literature. It is shown\nthat most of the considered models belong to the class of so-called Fibonacci\noscillators for which any three consequtive energy levels satisfy the relation\nE_{n+1}=\\lambda E_n+\\rho E_{n-1} with real constants \\lambda, \\rho. On the\nother hand, for certain \\mu-oscillator known from 1993 we prove the fact of its\nnon-Fibonacci nature. Possible generalizations of the three-term Fibonacci\nrelation are discussed among which we choose, as most adequate for the\n\\mu$-oscillator, the so-called quasi-Fibonacci (or local Fibonacci) property of\nthe energy levels. The property is encoded in the three-term quasi-Fibonacci\n(QF) relation with non-constant, n-dependent coefficients \\lambda and \\rho.\nVarious aspects of the QF relation are elaborated for the \\mu-oscillator and\nsome of its extensions.\n" }, { "id": "805efa51-5974-4472-8d26-37b39a620a70", "adv_source_id": "805efa51-5974-4472-8d26-37b39a620a70", "source_id": "805efa51-5974-4472-8d26-37b39a620a70", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Unified Approach for Minimizing Composite Norms", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a first-order augmented Lagrangian algorithm (FALC) to solve the\ncomposite norm minimization problem min |sigma(F(X)-G)|_alpha + |C(X)- d|_beta\nsubject to A(X)-b in Q; where sigma(X) denotes the vector of singular values of\nX, the matrix norm |sigma(X)|_alpha denotes either the Frobenius, the nuclear,\nor the L2-operator norm of X, the vector norm |.|_beta denotes either the\nL1-norm, L2-norm or the L infty-norm; Q is a closed convex set and A(.), C(.),\nF(.) are linear operators from matrices to vector spaces of appropriate\ndimensions. Basis pursuit, matrix completion, robust principal component\npursuit (PCP), and stable PCP problems are all special cases of the composite\nnorm minimization problem. Thus, FALC is able to solve all these problems in a\nunified manner. We show that any limit point of FALC iterate sequence is an\noptimal solution of the composite norm minimization problem. We also show that\nfor all epsilon > 0, the FALC iterates are epsilon-feasible and epsilon-optimal\nafter O(log(1/epsilon)) iterations, which require O(1/epsilon) constrained\nshrinkage operations and Euclidean projection onto the set Q. Surprisingly, on\nthe problem sets we tested, FALC required only O(log(1/epsilon)) constrained\nshrinkage, instead of the O(1/epsilon) worst case bound, to compute an\nepsilon-feasible and epsilon-optimal solution. To best of our knowledge, FALC\nis the first algorithm with a known complexity bound that solves the stable PCP\nproblem.\n" }, { "id": "fcd2c9d9-1766-46e4-a78b-2c2ea68a9f0f", "adv_source_id": "fcd2c9d9-1766-46e4-a78b-2c2ea68a9f0f", "source_id": "fcd2c9d9-1766-46e4-a78b-2c2ea68a9f0f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "PGA Tour Scores as a Gaussian Random Variable", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper it is demonstrated that the scoring at each PGA Tour stroke\nplay event can be reasonably modeled as a Gaussian random variable. All 46\nstroke play events in the 2007 season are analyzed. The distributions of scores\nare favorably compared with a Gaussian distribution using the\nKolmogorov-Smirnov test. This observation suggests performance tracking on the\nPGA tour should be done in terms of the z-score, calculated by subtracting the\nmean from the raw score and dividing by the standard deviation. This\nmethodology measures performance relative to the field of competitors,\nindependent of the venue, and in terms of a statistic that has quantitative\nmeaning. Several examples of the use of this scoring methodology are provided,\nincluding a calculation of the probability that Tiger Woods will break Byron\nNelson's record of eleven consecutive PGA Tour victories.\n" }, { "id": "9add2a87-39fe-474e-9d85-76e105974714", "adv_source_id": "9add2a87-39fe-474e-9d85-76e105974714", "source_id": "9add2a87-39fe-474e-9d85-76e105974714", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Secondary eclipses in the CoRoT light curves: A homogeneous search based\n on Bayesian model selection", "prompt": null, "generation": " We aim to identify and characterize secondary eclipses in the original light\ncurves of all published CoRoT planets using uniform detection and evaluation\ncritetia. Our analysis is based on a Bayesian model selection between two\ncompeting models: one with and one without an eclipse signal. The search is\ncarried out by mapping the Bayes factor in favor of the eclipse model as a\nfunction of the eclipse center time, after which the characterization of\nplausible eclipse candidates is done by estimating the posterior distributions\nof the eclipse model parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo.\n We discover statistically significant eclipse events for two planets,\nCoRoT-6b and CoRoT-11b, and for one brown dwarf, CoRoT-15b. We also find\nmarginally significant eclipse events passing our plausibility criteria for\nCoRoT-3b, 13b, 18b, and 21b. The previously published CoRoT-1b and CoRoT-2b\neclipses are also confirmed.\n" }, { "id": "ab6ebe0a-b796-48d3-ba4f-0e07476086b7", "adv_source_id": "ab6ebe0a-b796-48d3-ba4f-0e07476086b7", "source_id": "ab6ebe0a-b796-48d3-ba4f-0e07476086b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Influence of the variation of fundamental constants on the primordial\n nucleosynthesis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the effect of a variation of fundamental constants on\nprimordial element production in Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). We focus on\nthe effect of a possible change in the nucleon-nucleon interaction on nuclear\nreaction rates involving the A=5 (5Li and 5He) and A=8 (8Be) unstable nuclei.\nThe reaction rates for 3He(d,p)4He and 3H(d,n)4He are dominated by the\nproperties of broad analog resonances in 5Li and 5He compound nuclei\nrespectively. While the triple-alpha process 4He(aa,g)12C is normally not\neffective in BBN, its rate is very sensitive to the position of the \"Hoyle\nstate\" and could in principle be drastically affected if 8Be were stable during\nBBN. We found that the effect of the variation of constants on the 3He(d,p)4He,\n3H(d,n)4He nd 4He(aa,g)12C reaction rates is not sufficient to induce a\nsignificant effect on BBN, even with a stable 8Be. The main influences come\nfrom the weak rates and the A=2, n(p,g)d, bottleneck reaction.\n" }, { "id": "e926bdfc-4864-4eca-8f1a-e8585e72bc3f", "adv_source_id": "e926bdfc-4864-4eca-8f1a-e8585e72bc3f", "source_id": "e926bdfc-4864-4eca-8f1a-e8585e72bc3f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of the electromagnetic transitions $J/\\psi \\rightarrow P l^+l^-$\n and probe dark photon", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the electromagnetic Dalitz decay modes of $J/\\psi \\rightarrow P\nl^+l^-$ ($P= \\pi^0$, $\\eta$ or $\\eta^\\prime$). In these decays, the lepton\npairs are formed by internal conversion of an intermediate virtual photon with\ninvariant mass $m_{l^+l^-}$. Study of the effective-mass spectrum of the\n$l^+l^-$ will shed light on the dynamic transition form factor $F_{J/\\psi\nP}(q^2)$ ($q^2 = m^2_{l^+l^-}$), which characterizes the electromagnetic\nstructure arising at the vertex of the transition $J/\\psi$ to pseudoscalars. We\nalso discuss the direct productions of a GeV scale vector $U$ boson in these\nprocesses $J/\\psi \\rightarrow PU$ ($U\\rightarrow l^+l^-$). It is responsible\nfor mediating a new $U(1)_d$ interaction, as recently exploited in the context\nof weakly interacting massive particle dark matter.\n In this paper, we firstly use the usual pole approximation for the form\nfactor to estimate the decay rate of $J/\\psi \\rightarrow P l^+l^-$ in the\nstandard model. Then the reach of searching for the dark photon is estimated.\nWe suggest that these Dalitz decays can be used to search for the light $U$\nboson in the BESIII experiment with a huge $J/\\psi$ data set.\n" }, { "id": "74be74f9-581d-46c1-8658-89c23e6cdafc", "adv_source_id": "74be74f9-581d-46c1-8658-89c23e6cdafc", "source_id": "74be74f9-581d-46c1-8658-89c23e6cdafc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enumerating fundamental normal surfaces: Algorithms, experiments and\n invariants", "prompt": null, "generation": " Computational knot theory and 3-manifold topology have seen significant\nbreakthroughs in recent years, despite the fact that many key algorithms have\ncomplexity bounds that are exponential or greater. In this setting,\nexperimentation is essential for understanding the limits of practicality, as\nwell as for gauging the relative merits of competing algorithms.\n In this paper we focus on normal surface theory, a key tool that appears\nthroughout low-dimensional topology. Stepping beyond the well-studied problem\nof computing vertex normal surfaces (essentially extreme rays of a polyhedral\ncone), we turn our attention to the more complex task of computing fundamental\nnormal surfaces (essentially an integral basis for such a cone). We develop,\nimplement and experimentally compare a primal and a dual algorithm, both of\nwhich combine domain-specific techniques with classical Hilbert basis\nalgorithms. Our experiments indicate that we can solve extremely large problems\nthat were once though intractable. As a practical application of our\ntechniques, we fill gaps from the KnotInfo database by computing 398\npreviously-unknown crosscap numbers of knots.\n" }, { "id": "d6697f1d-742e-466b-8424-a659e478e8ba", "adv_source_id": "d6697f1d-742e-466b-8424-a659e478e8ba", "source_id": "d6697f1d-742e-466b-8424-a659e478e8ba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lateral Casimir-Polder force with corrugated surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive the lateral Casimir-Polder force on a ground state atom on top of a\ncorrugated surface, up to first order in the corrugation amplitude. Our\ncalculation is based on the scattering approach, which takes into account\nnonspecular reflections and polarization mixing for electromagnetic quantum\nfluctuations impinging on real materials. We compare our first order exact\nresult with two commonly used approximation methods. We show that the proximity\nforce approximation (large corrugation wavelengths) overestimates the lateral\nforce, while the pairwise summation approach underestimates it due to the\nnon-additivity of dispersion forces. We argue that a frequency shift\nmeasurement for the dipolar lateral oscillations of cold atoms could provide a\nstriking demonstration of nontrivial geometrical effects on the quantum vacuum.\n" }, { "id": "d126b6d3-3c08-4b04-8621-e8cd831998fd", "adv_source_id": "d126b6d3-3c08-4b04-8621-e8cd831998fd", "source_id": "d126b6d3-3c08-4b04-8621-e8cd831998fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Calculation of the electron two-slit experiment using a quantum\n mechanical variational principle", "prompt": null, "generation": " A nonlocal relativistic variational principle (VP) has recently been proposed\nas an alternative to the Dirac wave equation of standard quantum mechanics. We\napply that principle to the electron two-slit experiment. The detection system\nis modelled as a screen made of atoms, any one of which can be excited by the\nincident electron, but we avoid restricting the detection mechanism further.\nThe VP is shown to predict that, at the time the electron reaches the screen,\nits wavefunction will be localized to the neighborhood of a single atom,\nresulting in a position-type measurement. In an ensemble of such experiments\n(\"identically prepared\" except that the initial phase of the wavefunction--the\nhidden variable in the VP formulation--is sampled over the expected uniform\ndistribution), the distribution of measured positions will reproduce the\ninterference pattern predicted by the Dirac equation. We also demonstrate that\nwith a detection system designed fundamentally to detect the electron's\ntransverse wavelength rather than its position, the VP predicts that one such\nmode will be detected, that is, a wavelength measurement will result. Finally,\nit is shown that these results are unchanged in the \"delayed choice\" variant of\nthe experiment.\n" }, { "id": "35061843-2d14-4326-ad3f-59472c4b3fdf", "adv_source_id": "35061843-2d14-4326-ad3f-59472c4b3fdf", "source_id": "35061843-2d14-4326-ad3f-59472c4b3fdf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effect of the reservoir size on gas adsorption in inhomogeneous porous\n media", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the influence of the relative size of the reservoir on the\nadsorption isotherms of a fluid in disordered or inhomogeneous mesoporous\nsolids. We consider both an atomistic model of a fluid in a simple, yet\nstructured pore, whose adsorption isotherms are computed by molecular\nsimulation, and a coarse-grained model for adsorption in a disordered\nmesoporous material, studied by a density functional approach in a local\nmean-field approximation. In both cases, the fluid inside the porous solid\nexchanges matter with a reservoir of gas that is at the same temperature and\nchemical potential and whose relative size can be varied, and the control\nparameter is the total number of molecules present in the porous sample and in\nthe reservoir. Varying the relative sizes of the reservoir and the sample may\nchange the shape of the hysteretic isotherms, leading to a \"reentrant\" behavior\ncompared to the grand-canonical isotherm when the latter displays a jump in\ndensity. We relate these phenomena to the organization of the metastable states\nthat are accessible for the adsorbed fluid at a given chemical potential or\ndensity.\n" }, { "id": "7fdd493d-3e91-4704-a651-05bc36f26116", "adv_source_id": "7fdd493d-3e91-4704-a651-05bc36f26116", "source_id": "7fdd493d-3e91-4704-a651-05bc36f26116", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Topological Ghosts: the Teeming of the Shrews", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider dynamics of spacetime volume-filling form fields with \"wrong\nsign\" kinetic terms, such as in so-called Type-II$^*$ string theories. Locally,\nthese form fields are just additive renormalizations of the cosmological\nconstant. They have no fluctuating degrees of freedom. However, once the fields\nare coupled to membranes charged under them, their configurations are unstable:\nby a process analogous to Schwinger pair production the field space-filling\nflux increases. This reduces the cosmological constant, and preserves the null\nenergy condition, since the processes that can violate it by reducing the form\nflux are very suppressed. The increase of the form flux implies that as time\ngoes on the probability for further membrane nucleation {\\it increases}, in\ncontrast to the usual case where the field approaches its vacuum value and\nceases to induce further transitions. Thus, in such models spaces with tiny\npositive vacuum energy are ultimately unstable, but the instability may be slow\nand localized. In a cosmological setting, this instability can enhance black\nhole rate formation, by locally making the vacuum energy negative at late\ntimes, which constrains the scales controlling membrane dynamics, and may even\ncollapse a large region of the visible universe.\n" }, { "id": "cd84a17a-445d-4724-ac33-17135d0a5da9", "adv_source_id": "cd84a17a-445d-4724-ac33-17135d0a5da9", "source_id": "cd84a17a-445d-4724-ac33-17135d0a5da9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhanced six operations and base change theorem for higher Artin stacks", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article, we develop a theory of Grothendieck's six operations for\nderived categories in \\'etale cohomology of Artin stacks. We prove several\ndesired properties of the operations, including the base change theorem in\nderived categories. This extends all previous theories on this subject,\nincluding the recent one developed by Laszlo and Olsson, in which the\noperations are subject to more assumptions and the base change isomorphism is\nonly constructed on the level of sheaves. Moreover, our theory works for higher\nArtin stacks as well.\n Our method differs from all previous approaches, as we exploit the theory of\nstable $\\infty$-categories developed by Lurie. We enhance derived categories,\nfunctors, and natural isomorphisms to the level of $\\infty$-categories and\nintroduce $\\infty$-categorical (co)homological descent. To handle the \"homotopy\ncoherence\", we apply the results of our previous article arXiv:1211.5294 and\ndevelop several other $\\infty$-categorical techniques.\n" }, { "id": "b0d5580b-8b9f-43cc-9851-fdf2913b8a6c", "adv_source_id": "b0d5580b-8b9f-43cc-9851-fdf2913b8a6c", "source_id": "b0d5580b-8b9f-43cc-9851-fdf2913b8a6c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Centrally symmetric polytopes with many faces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present explicit constructions of centrally symmetric polytopes with many\nfaces: first, we construct a d-dimensional centrally symmetric polytope P with\nabout (1.316)^d vertices such that every pair of non-antipodal vertices of P\nspans an edge of P, second, for an integer k>1, we construct a d-dimensional\ncentrally symmetric polytope P of an arbitrarily high dimension d and with an\narbitrarily large number N of vertices such that for some 0 < delta_k < 1 at\nleast (1-delta_k^d) {N choose k} k-subsets of the set of vertices span faces of\nP, and third, for an integer k>1 and a>0, we construct a centrally symmetric\npolytope Q with an arbitrary large number N of vertices and of dimension\nd=k^{1+o(1)} such that least (1 - k^{-a}){N choose k} k-subsets of the set of\nvertices span faces of Q.\n" }, { "id": "1ce97fef-980e-4e4b-a36d-9b2e72ba55f1", "adv_source_id": "1ce97fef-980e-4e4b-a36d-9b2e72ba55f1", "source_id": "1ce97fef-980e-4e4b-a36d-9b2e72ba55f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Utility of Affine Variables and Affine Coherent States", "prompt": null, "generation": " Affine coherent states are generated by affine kinematical variables much\nlike canonical coherent states are generated by canonical kinematical\nvariables. Although all classical and quantum formalisms normally entail\ncanonical variables, it is shown that affine variables can serve equally well\nfor many classical and quantum studies. This general purpose analysis provides\ntools to discuss two major applications: (1) the completely successful\nquantization of a nonrenormalizable scalar quantum field theory by affine\ntechniques, in complete contrast to canonical techniques which only offer\ntriviality; and (2) a formulation of the kinematical portion of quantum gravity\nthat favors affine kinematical variables over canonical kinematical variables,\nand which generates a framework in which a favorable analysis of the\nconstrained dynamical issues can take place. All this is possible because of\nthe close connection between the affine and the canonical stories, while the\nfew distinctions can be used to advantage when appropriate.\n" }, { "id": "d9429a94-c94b-4ce0-9e53-51dc3928ad82", "adv_source_id": "d9429a94-c94b-4ce0-9e53-51dc3928ad82", "source_id": "d9429a94-c94b-4ce0-9e53-51dc3928ad82", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Teleportation transfers only speakable quantum information", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that a quantum clock cannot be teleported without prior\nsynchronization between sender and receiver: every protocol using a finite\namount of entanglement and an arbitrary number of rounds of classical\ncommunication will necessarily introduce an error in the teleported state of\nthe clock. Nevertheless, we show that entanglement can be used to achieve\nsynchronization with precision higher than any classical correlation allows,\nand we give the optimized strategy for this task. The same results hold also\nfor arbitrary continuous quantum reference frames, which encode general\nunspeakable information,-information that cannot be encoded into a number, but\ninstead requires a specific physical support, like a clock or a gyroscope, to\nbe conveyed.\n" }, { "id": "85b1e1f3-79c3-4e49-a4d0-e29683f42c04", "adv_source_id": "85b1e1f3-79c3-4e49-a4d0-e29683f42c04", "source_id": "85b1e1f3-79c3-4e49-a4d0-e29683f42c04", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measuring X-ray variability in faint/sparsely-sampled AGN", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the statistical properties of the Normalized Excess Variance of\nvariability process characterized by a red-noise power spectral density (PSD),\nas the case of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We perform Monte Carlo simulations\nof lightcurves, assuming both a continuous and a sparse sampling pattern and\nvarious signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. We show that the normalized excess\nvariance is a biased estimate of the variance even in the case of continuously\nsampled lightcurves. The bias depends on the PSD slope and on the sampling\npattern, but not on the S/N ratio. We provide a simple formula to account for\nthe bias, which yields unbiased estimates with an accuracy better than 15%. We\nshow that the normalized excess variance estimates based on single lightcurves\n(especially for sparse sampling and S/N less than 3) are highly uncertain (even\nif corrected for bias) and we propose instead the use of an ensemble estimate,\nbased on multiple lightcurves of the same object, or on the use of lightcurves\nof many objects. These estimates have symmetric distributions, known errors,\nand can also be corrected for biases.We use our results to estimate the ability\nto measure the intrinsic source variability in current data, and show that they\ncould also be useful in the planning of the observing strategy of future\nsurveys such as those provided by X-ray missions studying distant and/or faint\nAGN populations and, more in general, in the estimation of the variability\namplitude of sources that will result from future surveys such as Pan-STARRS,\nand LSST.\n" }, { "id": "4df943fa-0572-48cf-b771-95ccd97b6fc7", "adv_source_id": "4df943fa-0572-48cf-b771-95ccd97b6fc7", "source_id": "4df943fa-0572-48cf-b771-95ccd97b6fc7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exact prefactors in static and dynamic correlation functions of 1D\n quantum integrable models: applications to the Calogero-Sutherland,\n Lieb-Liniger and XXZ models", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article we demonstrate a recently developed technique which addresses\nthe problem of obtaining non-universal prefactors of the correlation functions\nof 1D systems at zero temperature. Our approach combines the effective field\ntheory description of generic 1D quantum liquids with the finite size scaling\nof form factors (matrix elements) which are obtained using microscopic\ntechniques developed in the context of integrable models. We thus establish\nexact analytic forms for the prefactors of the long-distance behavior of equal\ntime correlation functions as well as prefactors of singularities of dynamic\nresponse functions. In this article our focus is on three specific integrable\nmodels: the Calogero-Sutherland, Lieb-Liniger, and XXZ models.\n" }, { "id": "50be89c0-5598-4481-862e-5d9b8c01b2c0", "adv_source_id": "50be89c0-5598-4481-862e-5d9b8c01b2c0", "source_id": "50be89c0-5598-4481-862e-5d9b8c01b2c0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Solving polynomial eigenvalue problems by means of the Ehrlich-Aberth\n method", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given the $n\\times n$ matrix polynomial $P(x)=\\sum_{i=0}^kP_i x^i$, we\nconsider the associated polynomial eigenvalue problem. This problem, viewed in\nterms of computing the roots of the scalar polynomial $\\det P(x)$, is treated\nin polynomial form rather than in matrix form by means of the Ehrlich-Aberth\niteration. The main computational issues are discussed, namely, the choice of\nthe starting approximations needed to start the Ehrlich-Aberth iteration, the\ncomputation of the Newton correction, the halting criterion, and the treatment\nof eigenvalues at infinity. We arrive at an effective implementation which\nprovides more accurate approximations to the eigenvalues with respect to the\nmethods based on the QZ algorithm. The case of polynomials having special\nstructures, like palindromic, Hamiltonian, symplectic, etc., where the\neigenvalues have special symmetries in the complex plane, is considered. A\ngeneral way to adapt the Ehrlich-Aberth iteration to structured matrix\npolynomial is introduced. Numerical experiments which confirm the effectiveness\nof this approach are reported.\n" }, { "id": "1ff9c6b2-6292-46f1-864f-72bfcd0ee1d2", "adv_source_id": "1ff9c6b2-6292-46f1-864f-72bfcd0ee1d2", "source_id": "1ff9c6b2-6292-46f1-864f-72bfcd0ee1d2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Query processing in distributed, taxonomy-based information sources", "prompt": null, "generation": " We address the problem of answering queries over a distributed information\nsystem, storing objects indexed by terms organized in a taxonomy. The taxonomy\nconsists of subsumption relationships between negation-free DNF formulas on\nterms and negation-free conjunctions of terms. In the first part of the paper,\nwe consider the centralized case, deriving a hypergraph-based algorithm that is\nefficient in data complexity. In the second part of the paper, we consider the\ndistributed case, presenting alternative ways implementing the centralized\nalgorithm. These ways descend from two basic criteria: direct vs. query\nre-writing evaluation, and centralized vs. distributed data or taxonomy\nallocation. Combinations of these criteria allow to cover a wide spectrum of\narchitectures, ranging from client-server to peer-to-peer. We evaluate the\nperformance of the various architectures by simulation on a network with\nO(10^4) nodes, and derive final results. An extensive review of the relevant\nliterature is finally included.\n" }, { "id": "25de0ff9-8b1a-40a0-8c73-f16a8ed44189", "adv_source_id": "25de0ff9-8b1a-40a0-8c73-f16a8ed44189", "source_id": "25de0ff9-8b1a-40a0-8c73-f16a8ed44189", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Geometry of Ciliary Dynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cilia are motile biological appendages that are driven to bend by internal\nshear stresses between tubulin filaments. A continuum model of ciliary material\nis constructed that incorporates the essential ciliary constraints: (1)\none-dimensional inextensibility of filaments, (2) three-dimensional\nincompressibility, and (3) shear strain only along filaments. This hypothetical\nciliary material combines one- and three-dimensional properties in a way that\nmakes it a natural and flexible model for how real cilia convert nanoscopic\nshear stress into motility on a much larger scale. Without reference to the\nevolving shape of the cilium, conventional continuum mechanics applied to this\nhypothetical material leads to the standard model of ciliary dynamics, but with\none additional term, required by constraints (2) and (3) above, a\nmodel-independent coupling of shear and twist in general ciliary motion.\n" }, { "id": "b44c8fe6-de6e-4576-bd39-95d15628e70a", "adv_source_id": "b44c8fe6-de6e-4576-bd39-95d15628e70a", "source_id": "b44c8fe6-de6e-4576-bd39-95d15628e70a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "nu-Process Nucleosynthesis in Population III Core-Collapse Supernovae", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the effects of neutrino-nucleus interactions (the nu-process)\non the production of iron-peak elements in Population III core-collapse\nsupernovae. The nu-process and the following proton and neutron capture\nreactions produce odd-Z iron-peak elements in complete and incomplete Si\nburning region. This reaction sequence enhances the abundances of Sc, Mn, and\nCo in the supernova ejecta. The supernova explosion models of 15 M_sol and 25\nM_sol stars with the nu-process well reproduce the averaged Mn/Fe ratio\nobserved in extremely metal-poor halo stars. In order to reproduce the observed\nMn/Fe ratio, the total neutrino energy in the supernovae should be 3 - 9 x\n10^{53} ergs. Stronger neutrino irradiation and other production sites are\nnecessary to reproduce the observed Sc/Fe and Co/Fe ratios, although these\nratios increase by the nu-process.\n" }, { "id": "079166a4-679b-413c-b07b-27660d4e10bd", "adv_source_id": "079166a4-679b-413c-b07b-27660d4e10bd", "source_id": "079166a4-679b-413c-b07b-27660d4e10bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Project-X: A new high intensity proton accelerator complext at Fermilab", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fermilab has been working with the international particle physics and nuclear\nphysics communities to explore and develop research programs possible with a\nnew high intensity proton source known as \"Project-X\". Project X will provide\nmulti-megawatt proton beams from the Fermilab Main Injector over the energy\nrange 60-120 GeV simultaneous with multi-megawatt protons beams at 3 GeV with\nvery flexible beam-timing characteristics and up to 300 kW of pulsed beam at 8\nGeV. The Project-X research program includes world leading sensitivity in\nlongbaseline neutrino experiments, neutrino scattering experiments, a rich\nprogram of ultra-rare muon and kaon decays, opportunities for next-generation\nelectric dipole moment experiments and other nuclear/particle physics probes\nthat reach far beyond the Standard Model.\n" }, { "id": "039cfea5-4039-4a6d-ae07-153c23efdb25", "adv_source_id": "039cfea5-4039-4a6d-ae07-153c23efdb25", "source_id": "039cfea5-4039-4a6d-ae07-153c23efdb25", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitational Collapse, Negative World and Complex Holism", "prompt": null, "generation": " Building on the engine-pump paradigm of ChaNoXity, this paper argues that\ncomplex holism - as the competitive homeostasis of dispersion and concentration\n- is the operating mode of Nature. Specifically, we show that the negative\nworld \\mathfrak{W} is a gravitationally collapsed black hole that was formed at\nbig-bang time t=0 as the pair (W,\\mathfrak{W}), with W a real world, and\ngravity the unique expression of the maximal multifunctional nonlinearity of\nthe negative world \\mathfrak{W} in the functional reality of W. The temperature\nof a gravitationally collapsed system does enjoy the relationship T\\propto1/r\nwith its radius, but the entropy follows the usual volumetric alignment with\nmicrostates, reducing to the surface approximation only at small r. It is not\nclear if quantum non-locality is merely a linear manifestation of complex\nholism, with the interaction of quantum gates in quantum entanglements\nresulting in distinctive features from the self-evolved structures of complex\nholism remaining an open question for further investigation\n" }, { "id": "b055e840-eab9-491e-a52b-a6f50656f779", "adv_source_id": "b055e840-eab9-491e-a52b-a6f50656f779", "source_id": "b055e840-eab9-491e-a52b-a6f50656f779", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hilbert schemes of points on a locally planar curve and the Severi\n strata of its versal deformation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let C be a locally planar curve. Its versal deformation admits a\nstratification by the genera of the fibres. The strata are singular; we show\nthat their multiplicities at the central point are determined by the Euler\nnumbers of the Hilbert schemes of points on C. These Euler numbers have made\ntwo prior appearances. First, in certain simple cases, they control the\ncontribution of C to the Pandharipande-Thomas curve counting invariants of\nthree-folds. In this context, our result identifies the strata multiplicities\nas the local contributions to the Gopakumar-Vafa BPS invariants. Second, when C\nis smooth away from a unique singular point, a special case of a conjecture of\nOblomkov and Shende identifies the Euler numbers of the Hilbert schemes with\nthe \"U(infinity)\" invariant of the link of the singularity. We make contact\nwith combinatorial ideas of Jaeger, and suggest an approach to the conjecture.\n" }, { "id": "ff768056-d919-4bf6-969c-b89796307ede", "adv_source_id": "ff768056-d919-4bf6-969c-b89796307ede", "source_id": "ff768056-d919-4bf6-969c-b89796307ede", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Characterization of Bispecial Sturmian Words", "prompt": null, "generation": " A finite Sturmian word w over the alphabet {a,b} is left special (resp. right\nspecial) if aw and bw (resp. wa and wb) are both Sturmian words. A bispecial\nSturmian word is a Sturmian word that is both left and right special. We show\nas a main result that bispecial Sturmian words are exactly the maximal internal\nfactors of Christoffel words, that are words coding the digital approximations\nof segments in the Euclidean plane. This result is an extension of the known\nrelation between central words and primitive Christoffel words. Our\ncharacterization allows us to give an enumerative formula for bispecial\nSturmian words. We also investigate the minimal forbidden words for the set of\nSturmian words.\n" }, { "id": "386d6d70-798b-47cc-a76a-49a13bf00770", "adv_source_id": "386d6d70-798b-47cc-a76a-49a13bf00770", "source_id": "386d6d70-798b-47cc-a76a-49a13bf00770", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Link Between Planetary Systems, Dusty White Dwarfs, and Metal\n Polluted White Dwarfs", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has long been suspected that metal polluted white dwarfs (types DAZ, DBZ,\nand DZ) and white dwarfs with dusty disks possess planetary systems, but a\nspecific physical mechanism by which planetesimals are perturbed close to a\nwhite dwarf has not yet been fully posited. In this paper we demonstrate that\nmass loss from a central star during post main sequence evolution can sweep\nplanetesimals into interior mean motion resonances with a single giant planet.\nThese planetesimals are slowly removed through chaotic excursions of\neccentricity that in time create radial orbits capable of tidally disrupting\nthe planetesimal. Numerical N-body simulations of the Solar System show that a\nsufficient number of planetesimals are perturbed to explain white dwarfs with\nboth dust and metal pollution, provided other white dwarfs have more massive\nrelic asteroid belts. Our scenario requires only one Jupiter-sized planet and a\nsufficient number of asteroids near its 2:1 interior mean motion resonance.\nFinally, we show that once a planetesimal is perturbed into a tidal crossing\norbit, it will become disrupted after the first pass of the white dwarf, where\na highly eccentric stream of debris forms the main reservoir for dust producing\ncollisions. These simulations, in concert with observations of white dwarfs,\nplace interesting limits on the frequency of planetary systems around main\nsequence stars, the frequency of planetesimal belts, and the probability that\ndust may obscure future terrestrial planet finding missions.\n" }, { "id": "17a61d0c-8514-4bfd-9c66-0b8256177ece", "adv_source_id": "17a61d0c-8514-4bfd-9c66-0b8256177ece", "source_id": "17a61d0c-8514-4bfd-9c66-0b8256177ece", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Quest for the Sun's Siblings: an Exploratory Search in the Hipparcos\n Catalogue", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe the results of a search for the remnants of the Sun's birth\ncluster among stars in the Hipparcos Catalogue. This search is based on the\npredicted phase space distribution of the Sun's siblings from simple\nsimulations of the orbits of the cluster stars in a smooth Galactic potential.\nFor stars within 100 pc the simulations show that it is interesting to examine\nthose that have small space motions relative to the Sun. From amongst the\ncandidate siblings thus selected there are six stars with ages consistent with\nthat of the Sun. Considering their radial velocities and abundances only one\npotential candidate, HIP 21158, remains but essentially the result of the\nsearch is negative. This is consistent with predictions by Portegies Zwart\n(2009) on the number of siblings near the Sun. We discuss the steps that should\nbe taken in anticipation of the data from the Gaia mission in order to conduct\nfruitful searches for the Sun's siblings in the future.\n" }, { "id": "9b1b786b-3084-4489-85b8-43b8439b244c", "adv_source_id": "9b1b786b-3084-4489-85b8-43b8439b244c", "source_id": "9b1b786b-3084-4489-85b8-43b8439b244c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-Universal Extinction Transition for Boundary Active Site", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a generalized model of a diffusion-reaction system where the\nreaction occurs only on the boundary. This model reduces to that of Barato and\nHinrichsen when the occupancy of the boundary site is restricted to zero or\none. In the limit when there is no restriction on the occupancy of the boundary\nsite, the model reduces to an age dependent Galton-Watson branching process and\nadmits an analytic solution. The model displays a boundary-induced phase\ntransition into an absorbing state with rational critical exponents and\nexhibits aging at criticality below a certain fractal dimension of the\ndiffusion process. Surprisingly the behavior in the critical regime for\nintermediate occupancy restriction $N$ varies with $N$. In fact, by varying the\nlifetime of the active boundary particle or the diffusion coefficient in the\nbulk, the critical exponents can be continuously modified.\n" }, { "id": "a0046069-b05a-4e9b-af13-d1205bd3dfac", "adv_source_id": "a0046069-b05a-4e9b-af13-d1205bd3dfac", "source_id": "a0046069-b05a-4e9b-af13-d1205bd3dfac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A model for the two component gamma-ray spectra observed from the\n gamma-ray binaries", "prompt": null, "generation": " Observations of two well known binary systems (LS 5039 and LS I +61 303) with\nthe satellite and Cherenkov telescopes revealed the broad band $\\gamma$-ray\nspectra which seems to show two components, the first at GeV energies, showing\nexponential cut-off at a few GeV, and the second at TeV energies which does not\nfit well to the extrapolation of spectrum from the GeV energy range. We propose\nthat such two component spectrum is produced by two populations of electrons\nwhich appear within the binary system as a result of acceleration on a double\nshock structure separated by a contact discontinuity. Such structure is created\nwithin the binary system as a result of the interaction of the pulsar and\nmassive star winds. The shocks from the side of the pulsar and the massive star\nhave different proprieties which allow acceleration of electrons to different\nmaximum energies. These two populations of electrons produce two component\n$\\gamma$-ray spectra caused by the Inverse Compton (IC) scattering of stellar\nradiation. The example calculations, performed in terms of the anisotropic IC\n$e^\\pm$ pair cascade model, for the location of the pulsar at the periastron\nand apastron passages confirm the high energy emission features observed from\nLS I +61 303.\n" }, { "id": "aadf2abb-21aa-41ce-b747-10336c32190e", "adv_source_id": "aadf2abb-21aa-41ce-b747-10336c32190e", "source_id": "aadf2abb-21aa-41ce-b747-10336c32190e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "mizar-items: Exploring fine-grained dependencies in the Mizar\n Mathematical Library", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Mizar Mathematical Library (MML) is a rich database of formalized\nmathematical proofs (see http://mizar.org). Owing to its large size (it\ncontains more than 1100 \"articles\" summing to nearly 2.5 million lines of text,\nexpressing more than 50000 theorems and 10000 definitions using more than 7000\nsymbols), the nature of its contents (the MML is slanted toward pure\nmathematics), and its classical foundations (first-order logic, set theory,\nnatural deduction), the MML is an especially attractive target for research on\nfoundations of mathematics. We have implemented a system, mizar-items, on which\na variety of such foundational experiements can be based. The heart of\nmizar-items is a method for decomposing the contents of the MML into\nfine-grained \"items\" (e.g., theorem, definition, notation, etc.) and computing\ndependency relations among these items. mizar-items also comes equipped with a\nwebsite for exploring these dependencies and interacting with them.\n" }, { "id": "7c35af53-acc4-4f88-ac46-c659f938400f", "adv_source_id": "7c35af53-acc4-4f88-ac46-c659f938400f", "source_id": "7c35af53-acc4-4f88-ac46-c659f938400f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Melting Crystal, Quantum Torus and Toda Hierarchy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Searching for the integrable structures of supersymmetric gauge theories and\ntopological strings, we study melting crystal, which is known as random plane\npartition, from the viewpoint of integrable systems. We show that a series of\npartition functions of melting crystals gives rise to a tau function of the\none-dimensional Toda hierarchy, where the models are defined by adding suitable\npotentials, endowed with a series of coupling constants, to the standard\nstatistical weight. These potentials can be converted to a commutative\nsub-algebra of quantum torus Lie algebra. This perspective reveals a remarkable\nconnection between random plane partition and quantum torus Lie algebra, and\nsubstantially enables to prove the statement. Based on the result, we briefly\nargue the integrable structures of five-dimensional $\\mathcal{N}=1$\nsupersymmetric gauge theories and $A$-model topological strings. The\naforementioned potentials correspond to gauge theory observables analogous to\nthe Wilson loops, and thereby the partition functions are translated in the\ngauge theory to generating functions of their correlators. In topological\nstrings, we particularly comment on a possibility of topology change caused by\ncondensation of these observables, giving a simple example.\n" }, { "id": "8f0b2e5d-7d26-4c81-87d4-62007a2e06f8", "adv_source_id": "8f0b2e5d-7d26-4c81-87d4-62007a2e06f8", "source_id": "8f0b2e5d-7d26-4c81-87d4-62007a2e06f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhancement of ferromagnetism by Co and Ni substitution in the\n perovskite LaBiMn2O6+d", "prompt": null, "generation": " The substitution of cobalt and nickel for manganese in the perovskite\nmanganate LaBiMn2O6+d; has been realized, leading to the perovskites\nLaBiMn2-x(M)xO6+d, with M = Co, Ni and x =0-2/3. In contrast to the literature\nthose phases are found to be orthorhombic with Pnma symmetry. More importantly,\nit is shown that ferromagnetism is enhanced, TC being increased from 80 K for\nthe parent compound (x = 0) to 97 K for Ni-phase, and to 130 K for the\nCo-phase. Moreover, a strong competition between ferromagnetism and a\nglassy-ferromagnetic state in the case of nickel or a spin-glass behaviour in\nthe case of cobalt is observed. These phenomena are interpreted in the frame of\na phase separation scenario, where the ferromagnetic Mn4+/Ni2+ and Mn4+/Co2+\ninteractions reinforce the Mn3+/Mn4+ interactions. These compounds are found to\nbe insulating with a relatively large positive value of thermoelectric power.\n" }, { "id": "51149bac-02c5-45a5-8cae-c6a5d84436ea", "adv_source_id": "51149bac-02c5-45a5-8cae-c6a5d84436ea", "source_id": "51149bac-02c5-45a5-8cae-c6a5d84436ea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Asymptotic normalization coefficients from ab initio calculations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present calculations of asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) for\none-nucleon removals from nuclear states of mass numbers 3 to 9. Our ANCs were\ncomputed from variational Monte Carlo solutions to the many-body Schroedinger\nequation with the combined Argonne v18 two-nucleon and Urbana IX three-nucleon\npotentials. Instead of computing explicit overlap integrals, we applied a\nGreen's function method that is insensitive to the difficulties of constructing\nand Monte Carlo sampling the long-range tails of the variational wave\nfunctions. This method also allows computation of the ANC at the physical\nseparation energy, even when it differs from the separation energy for the\nHamiltonian. We compare our results, which for most nuclei are the first ab\ninitio calculations of ANCs, with existing experimental and theoretical results\nand discuss further possible applications of the technique.\n" }, { "id": "9a55437b-7f0d-4eb4-8b8b-f775e4496757", "adv_source_id": "9a55437b-7f0d-4eb4-8b8b-f775e4496757", "source_id": "9a55437b-7f0d-4eb4-8b8b-f775e4496757", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pythagorean Triangles with Repeated Digits-Repeated Bases", "prompt": null, "generation": " In 1998, in the winter issue of the journal Mathematics and Computer\neducation (see [1]), Monte Zerger posed the following problem. He had noticed\nthe Pythagorean triple (216,630,666);(216)^2+(630)^2=(666)^2. Note that 216=6^3\nand 666 is the hypotenuse length. The question was then, whether there existed\na digit d and a positive integer k(other than the above); such that d^k is the\nleglength of a Pythagorean triangle whose hypotenuse length has exactly k\ndigits, each being equal to d. In 1999, F.Luca and P.Bruckman, answered the\nabove question in the negative. In 2001, K.Zelator(see [2]), took this question\nfurther and showed that no Pythagorean triangle exists such that one leg has\nlength d^k, while the other leglegth has exactly k digits in its decimal\nexpansion, with each digit bein equal to d. In this work, we explore the above\nphenomenon from the point of view of number bases other than 10. We prove five\nTheorems. As an example, in Theorem 1, we prove that there exists no\nPythagorean triangle with one of its leglengths being d^k, while the other\nleglength having exactly k digits in its base 4 expansion; and with digit being\nequal to d.\n" }, { "id": "8b5a4981-594f-4799-a5ad-518e34591ffb", "adv_source_id": "8b5a4981-594f-4799-a5ad-518e34591ffb", "source_id": "8b5a4981-594f-4799-a5ad-518e34591ffb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "12 Years of Stellar Activity Observations in Argentina", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an observational program we started in 1999, to systematically\nobtain mid-resolution spectra of late-type stars, to study in particular\nchromospheric activity. In particular, we found cyclic activity in four dM\nstars, including Prox-Cen. We directly derived the conversion factor that\ntranslates the known S index to flux in the Ca II cores, and extend its\ncalibration to a wider spectral range. We investigated the relation between the\nactivity measurements in the calcium and hydrogen lines, and found that the\nusual correlation observed is the product of the dependence of each flux on\nstellar color, and it is not always preserved when simultaneous observations of\na particular star are considered. We also used our observations to model the\nchromospheres of stars of different spectral types and activity levels, and\nfound that the integrated chromospheric radiative losses, normalized to the\nsurface luminosity, show a unique trend for G and K dwarfs when plotted against\nthe S index.\n" }, { "id": "cdb2d800-cf1d-450a-ae59-b47253a902bb", "adv_source_id": "cdb2d800-cf1d-450a-ae59-b47253a902bb", "source_id": "cdb2d800-cf1d-450a-ae59-b47253a902bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Further evaluation of a THGEM UV-photon detector for RICH - comparison\n with MWPC", "prompt": null, "generation": " The operation of single-, double- and triple-THGEM UV-detectors with\nreflective CsI photocathodes (CsI-THGEM) in Ne/CH4 and Ne/CF4 mixtures was\ninvestigated in view of their potential applications in RICH. The studies were\ncarried out with UV, x-rays and {\\beta}-electrons and focused on the maximum\nachievable gain, discharge probability, cathode excitation effects and\nlong-term gain stability. Comparative studies under similar conditions were\nmade in CH4, CF4 and Ne/CF4, with a MWPC coupled to a reflective CsI\nphotocathode (CsI-MWPC). It was found that at counting rates <= 10 Hz/mm^2 the\nmaximum achievable gain of CsI-THGEMs is determined by the Raether limit; at\ncounting rates > 10 Hz/mm^2 it dropped with rate. In all cases investigated the\nattainable CsI-THGEM gain was significantly higher than that of the CsI-MWPC,\nunder similar conditions. Furthermore, the CsI-THGEM UV-detector suffered fewer\ncathode-excitation induced effects as compared to CsI-MWPC and had better\nstability at high counting rates.\n" }, { "id": "7c9e0db2-51ea-496a-8ced-450d216ad566", "adv_source_id": "7c9e0db2-51ea-496a-8ced-450d216ad566", "source_id": "7c9e0db2-51ea-496a-8ced-450d216ad566", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Microwave properties of Yttrium Vanadate at cryogenic temperatures", "prompt": null, "generation": " Yttrium Vanadate (YVO4) is a birefringent crystal material used in optical\nisolators and circulators with potentials for application in cryogenic\nmicrowave devices. As microwave properties of the YVO4 are not known, we\nmeasured the complex permittivity at the frequency of 25 GHz, using the\nHakki-Coleman dielectric resonator technique in the temperature range from 13 K\nto 80 K. The real part of relative permittivity of YVO4 turned out to be\nsimilar to that of Sapphire - one of popular dielectric materials, used at\nmicrowave frequencies. The measured loss tangent tang {\\delta} of the YVO4 was\nof the order of 10^(-6) at cryogenic temperatures. As Yttrium Vanadate (YVO4)\nis easy to synthesis and machine, it may replace the expensive Sapphire in some\nmicrowave applications.\n" }, { "id": "5a494dfa-fb63-4437-ab4e-a69a81c70daf", "adv_source_id": "5a494dfa-fb63-4437-ab4e-a69a81c70daf", "source_id": "5a494dfa-fb63-4437-ab4e-a69a81c70daf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Partition function of the Potts model on self-similar lattices as a\n dynamical system and multiple transitions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an analytic study of the Potts model partition function on two\ndifferent types of self-similar lattices of triangular shape with non integer\nHausdorff dimension. Both types of lattices analyzed here are interesting\nexamples of non-trivial thermodynamics in less than two dimensions. First, the\nSierpinski gasket is considered. It is shown that, by introducing suitable\ngeometric coefficients, it is possible to reduce the computation of the\npartition function to a dynamical system, whose variables are directly\nconnected to (the arising of) frustration on macroscopic scales, and to\ndetermine the possible phases of the system. The same method is then used to\nanalyse the Hanoi graph. Again, dynamical system theory provides a very elegant\nway to determine the phase diagram of the system. Then, exploiting the analysis\nof the basins of attractions of the corresponding dynamical systems, we\nconstruct various examples of self-similar lattices with more than one critical\ntemperature. These multiple critical temperatures correspond to crossing phases\nwith different degrees of frustration.\n" }, { "id": "1f39c789-92d7-47a9-bc96-88c2ef384bd2", "adv_source_id": "1f39c789-92d7-47a9-bc96-88c2ef384bd2", "source_id": "1f39c789-92d7-47a9-bc96-88c2ef384bd2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unitary circuits for strongly correlated fermions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a scheme for efficiently describing pure states of strongly\ncorrelated fermions in higher dimensions using unitary circuits featuring a\ncausal cone. A local way of computing local expectation values is presented. We\nformulate a dynamical reordering scheme, corresponding to time-adaptive\nJordan-Wigner transformation, that avoids nonlocal string operators. Primitives\nof such a reordering scheme are highlighted. Fermionic unitary circuits can be\ncontracted with the same complexity as in the spin case. The scheme gives rise\nto a variational description of fermionic models not suffering from a sign\nproblem. We present numerical examples on $9\\times 9$ and $6\\times 6$ fermionic\nlattice model to show the functioning of the approach.\n" }, { "id": "825edd01-be84-40cf-8d64-9df719153c74", "adv_source_id": "825edd01-be84-40cf-8d64-9df719153c74", "source_id": "825edd01-be84-40cf-8d64-9df719153c74", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-Interactive Differential Privacy: a Survey", "prompt": null, "generation": " OpenData movement around the globe is demanding more access to information\nwhich lies locked in public or private servers. As recently reported by a\nMcKinsey publication, this data has significant economic value, yet its release\nhas potential to blatantly conflict with people privacy. Recent UK government\ninquires have shown concern from various parties about publication of\nanonymized databases, as there is concrete possibility of user identification\nby means of linkage attacks. Differential privacy stands out as a model that\nprovides strong formal guarantees about the anonymity of the participants in a\nsanitized database. Only recent results demonstrated its applicability on\nreal-life datasets, though. This paper covers such breakthrough discoveries, by\nreviewing applications of differential privacy for non-interactive publication\nof anonymized real-life datasets. Theory, utility and a data-aware comparison\nare discussed on a variety of principles and concrete applications.\n" }, { "id": "500aeaaa-8e78-4e1d-920e-c2dfcf944e81", "adv_source_id": "500aeaaa-8e78-4e1d-920e-c2dfcf944e81", "source_id": "500aeaaa-8e78-4e1d-920e-c2dfcf944e81", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A simple supersymmetric extension of K field theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " We continue the investigation of supersymmetric extensions of field theories\nwith a non-standard kinetic term (K field theories) resumed recently.\nConcretely, for K field theories which allow for kink or compacton solutions in\n1+1 dimensions, i.e., for domain walls in a higher-dimensional context, we find\na simple supersymmetric extension such that the boson field still has the kink\nsolution, and the field equation for the fermion in the kink background is\nlinear and is solved by the first spatial derivative of the kink, as is the\ncase in the corresponding standard supersymmetric theories. This supersymmetric\nextension, nevertheless, is peculiar in several aspects. The bosonic part of\nthe supersymmetric Lagrangian is not equal to the original bosonic K field\nLagrangian, but the bosonic field equations coincide. Further, the field\nequation for the bosonic field is produced by the variation of the auxiliary\nfield and vice versa. This observation may be of some independent interest.\nFinally, the presence of kink solutions does not lead to a central extension in\nthe SUSY algebra, in contrast to the standard case.\n" }, { "id": "cec22ec7-080a-4f83-b7f3-a181f3fffdd6", "adv_source_id": "cec22ec7-080a-4f83-b7f3-a181f3fffdd6", "source_id": "cec22ec7-080a-4f83-b7f3-a181f3fffdd6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Finite temperature properties of clusters by replica exchange\n metadynamics: the water nonamer", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce an approach for the accurate calculation of thermal properties\nof classical nanoclusters. Based on a recently developed enhanced sampling\ntechnique, replica exchange metadynamics, the method yields the true free\nenergy of each relevant cluster structure, directly sampling its basin and\nmeasuring its occupancy in full equilibrium. All entropy sources, whether\nvibrational, rotational anharmonic and especially configurational -- the latter\noften forgotten in many cluster studies -- are automatically included. For the\npresent demonstration we choose the water nonamer (H2O)9, an extremely simple\ncluster which nonetheless displays a sufficient complexity and interesting\nphysics in its relevant structure spectrum. Within a standard TIP4P potential\ndescription of water, we find that the nonamer second relevant structure\npossesses a higher configurational entropy than the first, so that the two free\nenergies surprisingly cross for increasing temperature.\n" }, { "id": "e8156d43-9a56-4afb-b120-51efe98cbe1e", "adv_source_id": "e8156d43-9a56-4afb-b120-51efe98cbe1e", "source_id": "e8156d43-9a56-4afb-b120-51efe98cbe1e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Condition Numbers of Gaussian Random Matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $G_{m \\times n}$ be an $m \\times n$ real random matrix whose elements are\nindependent and identically distributed standard normal random variables, and\nlet $\\kappa_2(G_{m \\times n})$ be the 2-norm condition number of $G_{m \\times\nn}$. We prove that, for any $m \\geq 2$, $n \\geq 2$ and $x \\geq |n-m|+1$,\n$\\kappa_2(G_{m \\times n})$ satisfies $\n \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2\\pi}} ({c}/{x})^{|n-m|+1} < P(\\frac{\\kappa_2(G_{m \\times n})}\n{{n}/{(|n-m|+1)}}> x) <\n \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2\\pi}} ({C}/{x})^{|n-m|+1}, $ where $0.245 \\leq c \\leq 2.000$\nand $ 5.013 \\leq C \\leq 6.414$ are universal positive constants independent of\n$m$, $n$ and $x$. Moreover, for any $m \\geq 2$ and $n \\geq 2$, $\nE(\\log\\kappa_2(G_{m \\times n})) < \\log \\frac{n}{|n-m|+1} + 2.258. $ A similar\npair of results for complex Gaussian random matrices is also established.\n" }, { "id": "51f4dbfe-6f00-46b7-8007-9608f0026d0b", "adv_source_id": "51f4dbfe-6f00-46b7-8007-9608f0026d0b", "source_id": "51f4dbfe-6f00-46b7-8007-9608f0026d0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Compatibility conditions, modulation mechanisms and preferred modes in\n incompressible flow over a cavity", "prompt": null, "generation": " Self-sustained oscillations in cavity-flows can be strongly influenced by\nshear layer instability acting together with feedback and modulation\nmechanisms. When coherently organized, these oscillations lock-on at a\nfundamental frequency and compatibility conditions exist between shear layer\nforcing, non linear interactions and low-frequency modulations. Special\nattention is given to the frequency coincidence which may appear in spectral\ndistributions due to combinations between the dominant peak and its sidebands.\nHence, the possible existence of two preferred modes in incompressible\ncavity-flows at medium Reynolds numbers is shown. This leads to a detailed\ncategorization of the flow modulated regimes and to the specification of a\npersistent mode involved in modulation process whatever the oscillation stage.\n" }, { "id": "d366a889-9706-459b-aa56-9509e5e593c9", "adv_source_id": "d366a889-9706-459b-aa56-9509e5e593c9", "source_id": "d366a889-9706-459b-aa56-9509e5e593c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High redshift galaxy surveys", "prompt": null, "generation": " A brief overview on the current status of the census of the early universe\npopulation is given. Observational surveys of high redshift galaxies provide\ndirect opportunities to witness the cosmic dawn and to have better\nunderstanding of how and when infant galaxies evolve into mature ones. It is a\nmuch more astronomical approach in contrast to the physical approach of to\nstudy the spatial fluctuation of cosmic microwave radiation. Recent findings in\nthese two areas greatly advanced our understanding of the early Universe. I\nwill describe the basic properties of several target objects we are looking for\nand the concrete methods astronomers are using to discover those objects in\nearly Universe. My talk starts with Lyman alpha emitters and Lyman break\ngalaxies, then introduces a clever approach to use gravitational lensing effect\nof clusters of galaxies to detect distant faint galaxies behind the clusters.\nFinally I will touch on the status and prospects of surveys for quasars and\ngamma-ray bursts.\n" }, { "id": "d27c5ee0-fb9d-4fbb-840b-d5f663e13d53", "adv_source_id": "d27c5ee0-fb9d-4fbb-840b-d5f663e13d53", "source_id": "d27c5ee0-fb9d-4fbb-840b-d5f663e13d53", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Testing for financial crashes using the Log Periodic Power Law mode", "prompt": null, "generation": " A number of papers claim that a Log Periodic Power Law (LPPL) fitted to\nfinancial market bubbles that precede large market falls or 'crashes', contain\nparameters that are confined within certain ranges. The mechanism that has been\nclaimed as underlying the LPPL, is based on influence percolation and a\nmartingale condition. This paper examines these claims and the robustness of\nthe LPPL for capturing large falls in the Hang Seng stock market index, over a\n30-year period, including the current global downturn. We identify 11 crashes\non the Hang Seng market over the period 1970 to 2008. The fitted LPPLs have\nparameter values within the ranges specified post hoc by Johansen and Sornette\n(2001) for only seven of these crashes. Interestingly, the LPPL fit could have\npredicted the substantial fall in the Hang Seng index during the recent global\ndownturn. We also find that influence percolation combined with a martingale\ncondition holds for only half of the pre-crash bubbles previously reported.\nOverall, the mechanism posited as underlying the LPPL does not do so, and the\ndata used to support the fit of the LPPL to bubbles does so only partially.\n" }, { "id": "0ef9dab4-1c5e-427b-bbb0-ddc4a2aa77f1", "adv_source_id": "0ef9dab4-1c5e-427b-bbb0-ddc4a2aa77f1", "source_id": "0ef9dab4-1c5e-427b-bbb0-ddc4a2aa77f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Proper Motion of the Sub-Parsec Scale Jet in the Radio Galaxy 3C 66B", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present proper motion of the sub-parsec scale jet in a nearby elliptical\ngalaxy 3C 66B. Observations were made using the VLBA and partly Effelsburg\n100-m telescope at 2.3 GHz and 8.4 GHz at 10 epochs over 4 years. The 8.4 GHz\nimages showed that a proper motion increases from 0.21 to 0.70 mas/year,\ncorresponding to an apparent speed of 0.30 c to 0.96 c, with a distance from\nthe core on a sub-parsec scale. Our investigation suggests that the apparent\nincrease of the proper motion can be explained by changes in the viewing angle,\naccording to a relativistic beaming model. However, we still cannot eliminate\nthe possibility that acceleration of the jet outflow speed or of changes of\nemissivity profile in the two-zone jet might be found in 3C 66B.\n" }, { "id": "0ee37ee7-a807-4d09-b656-cb17aa4888fa", "adv_source_id": "0ee37ee7-a807-4d09-b656-cb17aa4888fa", "source_id": "0ee37ee7-a807-4d09-b656-cb17aa4888fa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Value matters: Predictability of Stock Index Returns", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a simple dynamical model of stock index returns which is grounded\non the ability of the Cyclically Adjusted Price Earning (CAPE) valuation ratio\ndevised by Robert Shiller to predict long-horizon performances of the market.\nMore precisely, we discuss a discrete time dynamics in which the return growth\ndepends on three components: i) a momentum component, naturally justified in\nterms of agents' belief that expected returns are higher in bullish markets\nthan in bearish ones, ii) a fundamental component proportional to the\nlogarithmic CAPE at time zero. The initial value of the ratio determines the\nreference growth level, from which the actual stock price may deviate as an\neffect of random external disturbances, and iii) a driving component which\nensures the diffusive behaviour of stock prices. Under these assumptions, we\nprove that for a sufficiently large horizon the expected rate of return and the\nexpected gross return are linear in the initial logarithmic CAPE, and their\nvariance goes to zero with a rate of convergence consistent with the diffusive\nbehaviour. Eventually this means that the momentum component may generate\nbubbles and crashes in the short and medium run, nevertheless the valuation\nratio remains a good reference point of future long-run returns.\n" }, { "id": "8e051a84-2789-4467-900c-8a09085bffb8", "adv_source_id": "8e051a84-2789-4467-900c-8a09085bffb8", "source_id": "8e051a84-2789-4467-900c-8a09085bffb8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the origin of intergranular jets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We observe that intergranular jets, originating in the intergranular space\nsurrounding individual granules, tend to be associated with granular\nfragmentation, in particular, with the formation and evolution of a bright\ngranular lane (BGL) within individual granules. The BGLs have recently been\nidentified as vortex tubes by Steiner et al. We further discover the\ndevelopment of a well-defined bright grain located between the BGL and the dark\nintergranular lane to which it is connected. Signatures of a BGL may reach the\nlower chromosphere and can be detected in off-band \\ha images. Simulations also\nindicate that vortex tubes are frequently associated with small-scale magnetic\nfields. We speculate that the intergranular jets detected in the NST data may\nresult from the interaction between the turbulent small-scale fields associated\nwith the vortex tube and the larger-scale fields existing in the intergranular\nlanes. The intergranular jets are much smaller and weaker than all previously\nknown jet-like events. At the same time, they appear much more numerous than\nthe larger events, leading us to the speculation that the total energy release\nand mass transport by these tiny events may not be negligible in the energy and\nmass-flux balance near the temperature minimum atop the photosphere. The study\nis based on the photospheric TiO broadband (1.0 nm) filter data acquired with\nthe 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) operating at the Big Bear Solar\nObservatory. The data set also includes NST off-band \\ha images collected\nthrough a Zeiss Lyot filter with a passband of 0.025 nm.\n" }, { "id": "4859e2bb-a00b-46cd-9be5-5fe5c37b6ae2", "adv_source_id": "4859e2bb-a00b-46cd-9be5-5fe5c37b6ae2", "source_id": "4859e2bb-a00b-46cd-9be5-5fe5c37b6ae2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Sparse Principal\n Component Analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a convex relaxation of sparse principal component analysis\nproposed by d'Aspremont et al. in (d'Aspremont et al. SIAM Rev 49:434-448,\n2007). This convex relaxation is a nonsmooth semidefinite programming problem\nin which the $\\ell_1$ norm of the desired matrix is imposed in either the\nobjective function or the constraint to improve the sparsity of the resulting\nmatrix. The sparse principal component is obtained by a rank-one decomposition\nof the resulting sparse matrix. We propose an alternating direction method\nbased on a variable-splitting technique and an augmented Lagrangian framework\nfor solving this nonsmooth semidefinite programming problem. In contrast to the\nfirst-order method proposed in (d'Aspremont et al. SIAM Rev 49:434-448, 2007)\nthat solves approximately the dual problem of the original semidefinite\nprogramming problem, our method deals with the primal problem directly and\nsolves it exactly, which guarantees that the resulting matrix is a sparse\nmatrix. Global convergence result is established for the proposed method.\nNumerical results on both synthetic problems and the real applications from\nclassification of text data and senate voting data are reported to demonstrate\nthe efficacy of our method.\n" }, { "id": "901b3b57-02c8-43d4-b92b-003b32f7330e", "adv_source_id": "901b3b57-02c8-43d4-b92b-003b32f7330e", "source_id": "901b3b57-02c8-43d4-b92b-003b32f7330e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation May Be a Useful Interpretation Tool for\n Complex Systems Like Protein-DNA Complexes: An Appeal to Experimentalists", "prompt": null, "generation": " In various chemical systems enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC) is a\nwell-known rule of behavior, although the physical roots of it are still not\ncompletely understood. It has been frequently questioned whether EEC is a truly\nphysical phenomenon or a coincidence due to trivial mathematical connections\nbetween statistical-mechanical parameters - or even simpler: A phantom effect\nresulting from the misinterpretation of experimental data. Here, we review EEC\nfrom a new standpoint using the notion of correlation which is essential for\nthe method of factor analysis, but is not conventional in physics and\nchemistry. We conclude that the EEC may be rationalized in terms of hidden (not\ndirectly measurable with the help of the current experimental set-up) but\nphysically real factors, implying a Carnot-cycle model in which a micro-phase\ntransition (MPT) plays a crucial role. Examples of such MPTs underlying\nphysically valid EEC should be typically cooperative processes in\nsupramolecular aggregates, like changes of structured water at hydrophobic\nsurfaces, conformational transitions upon ligand-biopolymer binding, and so on,\nso forth. The MPT notion could help rationalize the occurrence of EEC in\nconnection with hydration and folding of proteins,enzymatic reactions,\nfunctioning of molecular motors, DNA de- and rehybridization, as well as\nsimilar phenomena.\n" }, { "id": "2719497d-0ad4-44f9-a408-e1bd183822be", "adv_source_id": "2719497d-0ad4-44f9-a408-e1bd183822be", "source_id": "2719497d-0ad4-44f9-a408-e1bd183822be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulation of Metal/Oxide Interface Mobility: Effects of Mechanical\n Stresses on Geometrical Singularities", "prompt": null, "generation": " During the last decade, an increasing importance has been given to the\nfeedback of mechanical stresses on the chemical diffusion and, further, on\ncorrosion. Many works point the active role of stresses on the material ageing\nespecially on their negative consequences leading to the damaging of\nstructures. Based on a theoretical study and using numerical tools and\nexperimental results our previous works [1, on stress/diffusion coupling,\nhighlight the strong influence of stress field on the diffusion process. The\naim of the present paper is to describe the influence of some particular\nmorphologies of the metal/oxide interface on both diffusion and oxidation\nprocess. The oxidation is assumed to be driven by a mass conservation law\n(Stefan's law) while the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in metal is locally\ninfluenced by the stress field. The stability of a waved-shape interface is\nstudied in both cases: simple diffusion and coupled stress/diffusion process.\nIn this purpose we have developed an original numerical model using a virtual\nmetal/oxide interface of a mono-material with oxygen concentration-dependent\nparameters, which allows to operate easily with any shape of interface and to\nuse simple finite element meshes. Furthermore, in order to underline in a more\nobvious way the consequences of mechanical stress on the diffusion process, a\nparticular geometry is studied.\n" }, { "id": "ee46af4c-f455-485f-8e7e-2ad994dff3e4", "adv_source_id": "ee46af4c-f455-485f-8e7e-2ad994dff3e4", "source_id": "ee46af4c-f455-485f-8e7e-2ad994dff3e4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Binaries of massive black holes in rotating clusters: Dynamics,\n gravitational waves, detection and the role of eccentricity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dynamical evolution of binaries of intermediate-massive black holes\n(IMBHs, massive black holes with a mass ranging between $10^2$ and $10^4\nM_{\\odot}$) in stellar clusters has recently received an increasing amount of\nattention. This is at least partially due to the fact that if the binary is\nhard enough to evolve to the phase at which it will start emitting\ngravitational waves (GWs) efficiently, there is a good probability that it will\nbe detectable by future space-borne detectors like LISA. We study this\nevolution in the presence of rotation in the cluster. The eccentricity is\nstrongly connected to the initial IMBHs velocities, and values of $\\sim 0.7$ up\nto 0.9 are reached for low initial velocities, while almost circular orbits\nresult if the initial velocities are increased. A Monte Carlo study indicates\nthat these sources will be detectable by a detector such as LISA with median\nsignal to noise ratios of between 10 and 20 over a three year period, although\nsome events had signal to noise ratios of 300 or greater. Furthermore, one\nshould also be able to estimate the chirp-mass with median fractional errors of\n$10^{-4}$, reduced mass on the order of $10^{-3}$ and luminosity distance on\nthe order of $10^{-1}$. Finally, these sources will have a median angular\nresolution in the LISA detector of about 3 square degrees, putting events\nfirmly in the field of view of future electromagnetic detectors such as LSST.\n" }, { "id": "b5662ffd-366a-402e-8907-d6d0cc36f98b", "adv_source_id": "b5662ffd-366a-402e-8907-d6d0cc36f98b", "source_id": "b5662ffd-366a-402e-8907-d6d0cc36f98b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Techniques for Solving Sudoku Puzzles", "prompt": null, "generation": " Solving Sudoku puzzles is one of the most popular pastimes in the world.\nPuzzles range in difficulty from easy to very challenging; the hardest puzzles\ntend to have the most empty cells. The current paper explains and compares\nthree algorithms for solving Sudoku puzzles. Backtracking, simulated annealing,\nand alternating projections are generic methods for attacking combinatorial\noptimization problems. Our results favor backtracking. It infallibly solves a\nSudoku puzzle or deduces that a unique solution does not exist. However,\nbacktracking does not scale well in high-dimensional combinatorial\noptimization. Hence, it is useful to expose students in the mathematical\nsciences to the other two solution techniques in a concrete setting. Simulated\nannealing shares a common structure with MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) and\nenjoys wide applicability. The method of alternating projections solves the\nfeasibility problem in convex programming. Converting a discrete optimization\nproblem into a continuous optimization problem opens up the possibility of\nhandling combinatorial problems of much higher dimensionality.\n" }, { "id": "70804d40-bcfc-4810-b86d-9b5a3f91d2bc", "adv_source_id": "70804d40-bcfc-4810-b86d-9b5a3f91d2bc", "source_id": "70804d40-bcfc-4810-b86d-9b5a3f91d2bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The power of monitoring stellar orbits", "prompt": null, "generation": " The center of the Milky Way hosts a massive black hole. The observational\nevidence for its existence is overwhelming. The compact radio source Sgr A* has\nbeen associated with a black hole since its discovery. In the last decade,\nhigh-resolution, near-infrared measurements of individual stellar orbits in the\ninnermost region of the Galactic Center have shown that at the position of Sgr\nA* a highly concentrated mass of 4 x 10^6 M_sun is located. Assuming that\ngeneral relativity is correct, the conclusion that Sgr A* is a massive black\nhole is inevitable. Without doubt this is the most important application of\nstellar orbits in the Galactic Center. Here, we discuss the possibilities going\nbeyond the mass measurement offered by monitoring these orbits. They are an\nextremely useful tool for many scientific questions, such as a geometric\ndistance estimate to the Galactic Center or the puzzle, how these stars reached\ntheir current orbits. Future improvements in the instrumentation will open up\nthe route to testing relativistic effects in the gravitational potential of the\nblack hole, allowing to take full advantage of this unique laboratory for\ncelestial mechanics.\n" }, { "id": "d4057188-68b5-4761-8e80-a0bb7b8e4ead", "adv_source_id": "d4057188-68b5-4761-8e80-a0bb7b8e4ead", "source_id": "d4057188-68b5-4761-8e80-a0bb7b8e4ead", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "DRMS Co-design by F4MS", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we present Digital Rights Management systems (DRMS) which are\nbecoming more and more complex due to technology revolution in relation with\ntelecommunication networks, multimedia applications and the reading equipments\n(Mobile Phone, IPhone, PDA, DVD Player,..). The complexity of the DRMS,\ninvolves the use of new tools and methodologies that support software\ncomponents and hardware components coupled design. The traditional systems\ndesign approach has been somewhat hardware first in that the software\ncomponents are designed after the hardware has been designed and prototyped.\nThis leaves little flexibility in evaluating different design options and\nhardware-software mappings. The key of codesign is to avoid isolation between\nhardware and software designs to proceed in parallel, with feedback and\ninteraction between the two as the design progresses, in order to achieve high\nquality designs with a reduced design time. In this paper, we present the F4MS\n(Framework for Mixed Systems) which is a unified framework for software and\nhardware design environment, simulation and aided execution of mixed systems.\nTo illustrate this work we propose an implementation of DRMS business model\nbased on F4MS framework.\n" }, { "id": "d8f44f77-e4f7-4db1-8223-dfe0bc906967", "adv_source_id": "d8f44f77-e4f7-4db1-8223-dfe0bc906967", "source_id": "d8f44f77-e4f7-4db1-8223-dfe0bc906967", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Noncommutative Field Theory: Numerical Analysis with the Fuzzy Disc", "prompt": null, "generation": " The fuzzy disc is a discretization of the algebra of functions on the two\ndimensional disc using finite matrices which preserves the action of the\nrotation group. We define a $\\varphi^4$ scalar field theory on it and analyze\nnumerically for three different limits for the rank of the matrix going to\ninfinity. The numerical simulations reveal three different phases: uniform and\ndisordered phases already the present in the commutative scalar field theory\nand a nonuniform ordered phase as a noncommutative effects. We have computed\nthe transition curves between phases and their scaling. This is in agreement\nwith studies on the fuzzy sphere, although the speed of convergence for the\ndisc seems to be better. We have performed also three the limits for the theory\nin the cases of the theory going to the commutative plane or commutative disc.\nIn this case the theory behaves differently, showing the intimate relationship\nbetween the nonuniform phase and noncommutative geometry.\n" }, { "id": "ad0e0ecc-7bfb-4d17-832f-03eae6bf19ea", "adv_source_id": "ad0e0ecc-7bfb-4d17-832f-03eae6bf19ea", "source_id": "ad0e0ecc-7bfb-4d17-832f-03eae6bf19ea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Newly Identified Star Clusters in M33. II. Radial HST/ACS Fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present integrated photometry and color-magnitude diagrams for 161 star\nclusters in M33, of which 115 were previously uncataloged, using the Advanced\nCamera For Surveys Wide Field Channel onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The\nintegrated V-band magnitudes of these clusters range from Mv~-9 to as faint as\nMv~-4, extending the depth of the existing M33 cluster catalogs by ~1 mag.\nComparisons of theoretical isochrones to the color-magnitude diagrams using the\nPadova models yield ages for 148 of these star clusters. The ages range from\nLog (t)~7.0 to Log (t)~9.0. Our color-magnitude diagrams are not sensitive to\nclusters older than ~1 Gyr. We find that the variation of the clusters'\nintegrated colors and absolute magnitudes with age is consistent with the\npredictions of simple stellar population models. These same models suggest that\nthe masses of the clusters in our sample range from 5x10^3 to 5x10^4 *Msun.\n" }, { "id": "018933c8-c9dd-49c1-bd24-e5c433a6af89", "adv_source_id": "018933c8-c9dd-49c1-bd24-e5c433a6af89", "source_id": "018933c8-c9dd-49c1-bd24-e5c433a6af89", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anomalous HI in NGC 2997", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present deep HI observations of the moderately inclined spiral galaxy, NGC\n2997. The goal of these observations was to search for HI clouds in the\nvicinity of NGC 2997 analogous to the high velocity clouds of the Milky Way and\ngain insight into their origins. We find evidence for the presence of a\ngalactic fountain as well as the accretion of intragalactic material, however\nwe do not identify any large clouds of HI far from the disk of the galaxy. NGC\n2997 has a thick, lagging HI disk that is modeled with a vertical velocity\ngradient of 18-31 km/s/kpc. Anomalous velocity HI clouds with masses of order\n10^7 Msun, which cannot be explained by galactic fountain models allow us to\nestimate a lower limit to the accretion of extragalactic gas of 1.2 Msun/yr.\nThe number and mass of these clouds have implications for cosmological\nsimulations of large scale structure and the presence of dark matter halos. We\nhave used values from the the literature to estimate a star formation rate of 5\n+/- 1 Msun/yr and to derive a new distance to NGC 2997 of 12.2 +/- 0.9 Mpc\nusing published Tully-Fisher relations.\n" }, { "id": "da0144a4-4165-44f7-8580-b5704c0790ce", "adv_source_id": "da0144a4-4165-44f7-8580-b5704c0790ce", "source_id": "da0144a4-4165-44f7-8580-b5704c0790ce", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Capacity of The Discrete-Time Non-Coherent Memoryless Rayleigh Fading\n Channels at Low SNR", "prompt": null, "generation": " The capacity of a discrete-time memoryless channel, in which successive\nsymbols fade independently, and where the channel state information (CSI) is\nneither available at the transmitter nor at the receiver, is considered at low\nSNR. We derive a closed form expression of the optimal capacity-achieving input\ndistribution at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and give the exact capacity of\na non-coherent channel at low SNR. The derived relations allow to better\nunderstanding the capacity of non-coherent channels at low SNR and bring an\nanalytical answer to the peculiar behavior of the optimal input distribution\nobserved in a previous work by Abou Faycal, Trott and Shamai. Then, we compute\nthe non-coherence penalty and give a more precise characterization of the\nsub-linear term in SNR. Finally, in order to better understand how the optimal\ninput varies with SNR, upper and lower bounds on the capacity-achieving input\nare given.\n" }, { "id": "85be111e-6c5f-4157-9bb9-6e8ce9763e47", "adv_source_id": "85be111e-6c5f-4157-9bb9-6e8ce9763e47", "source_id": "85be111e-6c5f-4157-9bb9-6e8ce9763e47", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Local well-posedness for quadratic Schr\\\"odinger equations in\n $\\mathbf{R^{1+1}}$: a normal form approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " For the Schr\\\"odinger equation $u_t+i u_{xx}=\\nab^\\be[u^2]$, $\\be\\in\n(0,1/2)$, we establish local well-posedness in $H^{\\be-1+}$ (note that if\n$\\be=0$, this matches, up to an endpoint, the sharp result of Bejenaru-Tao,\n\\cite{BT}). Our approach differs significantly from the previous ones in that\nwe use normal form transformation to analyze the worst interacting terms in the\nnonlinearity and then show that the remaining terms are (much) smoother. In\nparticular, this allows us to conclude that $u-e^{-i t \\p_x^2} u(0)\\in\nH^{-\\f{1}{2}}(\\rone)$, even though $u(0)\\in H^{\\be-1+}$.\n In addition and as a byproduct of our normal form analysis, we obtain a\nLipschitz continuity property in $H^{-\\f{1}{2}}$ of the solution operator\n(which originally acts on $H^{\\be-1+}$), which is new even in the case $\\be=0$.\nAs an easy corollary, we obtain local well-posedness results for $u_t+ i u_{xx}\n= [\\nab^{\\beta} u]^2$.\n Finally, we sketch an approach to obtain similar statements for the equations\n$u_t+i u_{xx}=\\nab^\\be[u\\bar{u}]$ and $u_t+i u_{xx}=\\nab^\\be[\\bar{u}^2]$.\n" }, { "id": "d30e2aff-8887-4df5-9fdc-7799b22e6b48", "adv_source_id": "d30e2aff-8887-4df5-9fdc-7799b22e6b48", "source_id": "d30e2aff-8887-4df5-9fdc-7799b22e6b48", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "\\epsilon-Strong simulation of the Brownian path", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an iterative sampling method which delivers upper and lower\nbounding processes for the Brownian path. We develop such processes with\nparticular emphasis on being able to unbiasedly simulate them on a personal\ncomputer. The dominating processes converge almost surely in the supremum and\n$L_1$ norms. In particular, the rate of converge in $L_1$ is of the order\n$\\mathcal {O}(\\mathcal{K}^{-1/2})$, $\\mathcal{K}$ denoting the computing cost.\nThe a.s. enfolding of the Brownian path can be exploited in Monte Carlo\napplications involving Brownian paths whence our algorithm (termed the\n$\\varepsilon$-strong algorithm) can deliver unbiased Monte Carlo estimators\nover path expectations, overcoming discretisation errors characterising\nstandard approaches. We will show analytical results from applications of the\n$\\varepsilon$-strong algorithm for estimating expectations arising in option\npricing. We will also illustrate that individual steps of the algorithm can be\nof separate interest, giving new simulation methods for interesting Brownian\ndistributions.\n" }, { "id": "a1751661-60bc-4f5f-aef5-461d37f656a5", "adv_source_id": "a1751661-60bc-4f5f-aef5-461d37f656a5", "source_id": "a1751661-60bc-4f5f-aef5-461d37f656a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electrification of granular systems of identical insulators", "prompt": null, "generation": " Insulating particles can become highly electrified during powder handling,\nvolcanic eruptions, and the wind-blown transport of dust, sand, and snow.\nMeasurements in these granular systems have found that smaller particles\ngenerally charge negatively, while larger particles charge positively. These\nobservations are puzzling, since particles in these systems are generally\nchemically identical, and thus have no contact potential difference. We show\nhere that simple geometry leads to a net transfer of electrons from larger to\nsmaller particles, in agreement with these observations. We integrate this\ncharging mechanism into the first quantitative charging scheme for a granular\nsystem of identical insulators, and show that its predictions are in agreement\nwith measurements. Our theory thus seems to provide an explanation for the\nhitherto puzzling phenomenon of the size-dependent charging of granular systems\nof identical insulators.\n" }, { "id": "9e3a39a8-81f8-446f-a57c-11e927f6c829", "adv_source_id": "9e3a39a8-81f8-446f-a57c-11e927f6c829", "source_id": "9e3a39a8-81f8-446f-a57c-11e927f6c829", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Critical Exponents from AdS/CFT with Flavor", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to study the thermodynamics of massive N=2\nsupersymmetric hypermultiplet flavor fields coupled to N=4 supersymmetric\nSU(Nc) Yang-Mills theory, formulated on curved four-manifolds, in the limits of\nlarge Nc and large 't Hooft coupling. The gravitational duals are probe\nD-branes in global thermal AdS. These D-branes may undergo a topology-changing\ntransition in the bulk. The D-brane embeddings near the point of the topology\nchange exhibit a scaling symmetry. The associated scaling exponents can be\neither real- or complex-valued. Which regime applies depends on the\ndimensionality of a collapsing submanifold in the critical embedding. When the\nscaling exponents are complex-valued, a first-order transition associated with\nthe flavor fields appears in the dual field theory. Real scaling exponents are\nexpected to be associated with a continuous transition in the dual field\ntheory. For one example with real exponents, the D7-brane, we study the\ntransition in detail. We find two field theory observables that diverge at the\ncritical point, and we compute the associated critical exponents. We also\npresent analytic and numerical evidence that the transition expresses itself in\nthe meson spectrum as a non-analyticity at the critical point. We argue that\nthe transition we study is a true phase transition only when the 't Hooft\ncoupling is strictly infinite.\n" }, { "id": "f70a90db-f7ca-4c47-9b7a-7d3b2db91a91", "adv_source_id": "f70a90db-f7ca-4c47-9b7a-7d3b2db91a91", "source_id": "f70a90db-f7ca-4c47-9b7a-7d3b2db91a91", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ideal evolution of MHD turbulence when imposing Taylor-Green symmetries", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the ideal and incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)\nequations in three space dimensions for the development of potentially singular\nstructures. The methodology consists in implementing the four-fold symmetries\nof the Taylor-Green vortex generalized to MHD, leading to substantial computer\ntime and memory savings at a given resolution; we also use a re-gridding method\nthat allows for lower-resolution runs at early times, with no loss of spectral\naccuracy. One magnetic configuration is examined at an equivalent resolution of\n$6144^3$ points, and three different configurations on grids of $4096^3$\npoints. At the highest resolution, two different current and vorticity sheet\nsystems are found to collide, producing two successive accelerations in the\ndevelopment of small scales. At the latest time, a convergence of magnetic\nfield lines to the location of maximum current is probably leading locally to a\nstrong bending and directional variability of such lines. A novel analytical\nmethod, based on sharp analysis inequalities, is used to assess the validity of\nthe finite-time singularity scenario. This method allows one to rule out\nspurious singularities by evaluating the rate at which the logarithmic\ndecrement of the analyticity-strip method goes to zero. The result is that the\nfinite-time singularity scenario cannot be ruled out, and the singularity time\ncould be somewhere between $t=2.33$ and $t=2.70.$ More robust conclusions will\nrequire higher resolution runs and grid-point interpolation measurements of\nmaximum current and vorticity.\n" }, { "id": "4106186d-a005-4c11-8047-3a3244aca801", "adv_source_id": "4106186d-a005-4c11-8047-3a3244aca801", "source_id": "4106186d-a005-4c11-8047-3a3244aca801", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the approach to equilibrium for a polymer with adsorption and\n repulsion", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider paths of a one-dimensional simple random walk conditioned to come\nback to the origin after L steps (L an even integer). In the 'pinning model'\neach path \\eta has a weight \\lambda^{N(\\eta)}, where \\lambda>0 and N(\\eta) is\nthe number of zeros in \\eta. When the paths are constrained to be non-negative,\nthe polymer is said to satisfy a hard-wall constraint. Such models are well\nknown to undergo a localization/delocalization transition as the pinning\nstrength \\lambda is varied. In this paper we study a natural 'spin flip'\ndynamics for these models and derive several estimates on its spectral gap and\nmixing time. In particular, for the system with the wall we prove that\nrelaxation to equilibrium is always at least as fast as in the free case\n(\\lambda=1, no wall), where the gap and the mixing time are known to scale as\nL^{-2} and L^2\\log L, respectively. This improves considerably over previously\nknown results. For the system without the wall we show that the equilibrium\nphase transition has a clear dynamical manifestation: for \\lambda \\geq 1 the\nrelaxation is again at least as fast as the diffusive free case, but in the\nstrictly delocalized phase (\\lambda < 1) the gap is shown to be O(L^{-5/2}), up\nto logarithmic corrections. As an application of our bounds, we prove stretched\nexponential relaxation of local functions in the localized regime.\n" }, { "id": "ff9bb80b-9fd3-4975-be9a-dee67b61dbac", "adv_source_id": "ff9bb80b-9fd3-4975-be9a-dee67b61dbac", "source_id": "ff9bb80b-9fd3-4975-be9a-dee67b61dbac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Real eigenvalues in non-Hermitian Hamilton quantum physics", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dynamics of open quantum systems is determined by avoided and true\ncrossings of eigenvalue trajectories of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. The phases\nof the eigenfunctions are not rigid so that environmentally induced\nspectroscopic redistribution processes may take place and a dynamical phase\ntransition may occur. Due to the formal equivalence between the quantum\nmechanical Schr\\\"odinger equation and the optical wave equation in PT symmetric\nlattices, the dynamics of the system is determined also in this case by avoided\nand true crossings of eigenvalue trajectories of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian.\nIn contrast to the eigenvalues characterizing an open quantum system, the\neigenvalues describing the PT symmetric optical lattice are real as long as the\ninfluence of the environment (lattice) onto the optical wave equation is small.\nIn the regime of avoided level crossings, the symmetry is destroyed, the\neigenvalues become complex and a dynamical phase transition occurs similar as\nin the open quantum system. The redistribution processes in the regime of\navoided level crossings allow to design systems with desired properties in a\nbroad parameter range.\n" }, { "id": "5d9caf21-4fc4-4189-8874-56727aa61855", "adv_source_id": "5d9caf21-4fc4-4189-8874-56727aa61855", "source_id": "5d9caf21-4fc4-4189-8874-56727aa61855", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Features in the primordial power spectrum? A frequentist analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " Features in the primordial power spectrum have been suggested as an\nexplanation for glitches in the angular power spectrum of temperature\nanisotropies measured by the WMAP satellite. However, these glitches might just\nas well be artifacts of noise or cosmic variance. Using the effective Delta\nchi^2 between the best-fit power-law spectrum and a deconvolved primordial\nspectrum as a measure of \"featureness\" of the data, we perform a full\nMonte-Carlo analysis to address the question of how significant the recovered\nfeatures are. We find that in 26% of the simulated data sets the reconstructed\nspectrum yields a greater improvement in the likelihood than for the actually\nobserved data. While features cannot be categorically ruled out by this\nanalysis, and the possibility remains that simple theoretical models which\npredict some of the observed features might stand up to rigorous statistical\ntesting, our results suggest that WMAP data are consistent with the assumption\nof a featureless power-law primordial spectrum.\n" }, { "id": "6741d816-bbdf-43a2-bed2-535253a3903b", "adv_source_id": "6741d816-bbdf-43a2-bed2-535253a3903b", "source_id": "6741d816-bbdf-43a2-bed2-535253a3903b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lensing Systematics from Space: Modeling PSF effects in the SNAP survey", "prompt": null, "generation": " Anisotropy in the point spread function (PSF) contributes a systematic error\nto weak lensing measurements. In this study we use a ray tracer that\nincorporates all the optical elements of the SNAP telescope to estimate this\neffect. Misalignments in the optics generates PSF anisotropy, which we\ncharacterize by its ellipticity. The effect of three time varying effects:\nthermal drift, guider jitter, and structural vibration on the PSF are estimated\nfor expected parameters of the SNAP telescope. Multiple realizations of a\nthousand square degree mock survey are then generated to include the systematic\nerror pattern induced by these effects. We quantify their contribution to the\npower spectrum of the lensing shear. We find that the dominant effect comes\nfrom the thermal drift, which peaks at angular wavenumbers l ~ 10^3, but its\namplitude is over one order of magnitude smaller than the size of the expected\nstatistical error. While there are significant uncertainties in our modeling,\nour study indicates that time-varying PSFs will contribute at a smaller level\nthan statistical errors in SNAP's weak lensing measurements.\n" }, { "id": "c6fce314-65ac-4d43-a49a-4137fedc1954", "adv_source_id": "c6fce314-65ac-4d43-a49a-4137fedc1954", "source_id": "c6fce314-65ac-4d43-a49a-4137fedc1954", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Validating XML Documents in the Streaming Model with External Memory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the problem of validating XML documents of size $N$ against general\nDTDs in the context of streaming algorithms. The starting point of this work is\na well-known space lower bound. There are XML documents and DTDs for which\n$p$-pass streaming algorithms require $\\Omega(N/p)$ space.\n We show that when allowing access to external memory, there is a\ndeterministic streaming algorithm that solves this problem with memory space\n$O(\\log^2 N)$, a constant number of auxiliary read/write streams, and $O(\\log\nN)$ total number of passes on the XML document and auxiliary streams.\n An important intermediate step of this algorithm is the computation of the\nFirst-Child-Next-Sibling (FCNS) encoding of the initial XML document in a\nstreaming fashion. We study this problem independently, and we also provide\nmemory efficient streaming algorithms for decoding an XML document given in its\nFCNS encoding.\n Furthermore, validating XML documents encoding binary trees in the usual\nstreaming model without external memory can be done with sublinear memory.\nThere is a one-pass algorithm using $O(\\sqrt{N \\log N})$ space, and a\nbidirectional two-pass algorithm using $O(\\log^2 N)$ space performing this\ntask.\n" }, { "id": "f29caaaf-46a2-4c04-9904-8957eb106042", "adv_source_id": "f29caaaf-46a2-4c04-9904-8957eb106042", "source_id": "f29caaaf-46a2-4c04-9904-8957eb106042", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First determination of the strong coupling constant using NNLO\n predictions for hadronic event shapes in e^+e^- annihilations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the first determination of the strong coupling constant from a fit\nof next-to-next-to-leading order QCD predictions to event-shape variables,\nmeasured in $e^+e^-$ annihilations at LEP. The data have been collected by the\nALEPH detector at centre-of-mass energies between 91 and 206 GeV. Compared to\nresults of next-to-leading order fits we observe that the central fit values\nare lower by about 10%, with considerably reduced scatter among the results\nobtained with different event-shape variables. The dominant systematic\nuncertainty from renormalization scale variations is reduced by a factor of\ntwo. By combining the results for several event-shape variables and\ncentre-of-mass energies, we find \\alpha_s(M_Z^2) =\n0.1240+-0.0008(stat)+-0.0010(exp)+-0.0011(had)+-0.0029(theo).\n" }, { "id": "d22f71b9-8bff-452c-ae60-bcf62d8b824c", "adv_source_id": "d22f71b9-8bff-452c-ae60-bcf62d8b824c", "source_id": "d22f71b9-8bff-452c-ae60-bcf62d8b824c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Search for Primordial Black Holes Using Very Short Gamma Ray Bursts", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show the locations of the SWIFT short hard bursts (SHB) with afterglows on\nthe galactic map and compare with the VSB BATSE events. As we have pointed out\nbefore, there is an excess of events in the galactic map of BATSE VSB events.\nWe not that none of VSB SWIFT era events fall into this cluster. More SWIFT\nevents are needed to check this claim. We also report a new study with KONUS\ndata of the VSB sample with an average energy above 90 keV showing a clear\nexcess of events below 100 ms duration (T90) that have large mean energy\nprotons. We suggest that VSB themselves consist of two subclasses: a fraction\nof events have peculiar distribution properties and have no detectable\ncounterparts, as might be expected for exotic sources such as primordial black\nholes. We show how GLAST could add key new information to the study of VSB\nbursts and could help test the black hole concept.\n" }, { "id": "3ff17782-b790-443d-93ec-92f00437900d", "adv_source_id": "3ff17782-b790-443d-93ec-92f00437900d", "source_id": "3ff17782-b790-443d-93ec-92f00437900d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Potential for measurement of the tensor electric and magnetic\n polarizabilities of the deuteron in storage-ring experiments with polarized\n beams", "prompt": null, "generation": " Measurement of the tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the\ndeuteron is of great interest, especially in connection with the possibilities\nof COSY and GSI. These polarizabilities can be measured in storage rings by the\nfrozen spin method providing a disappearance of g-2 precession. This method\nwill be used in the planned deuteron electric-dipole-moment experiment in\nstorage rings. The tensor electric polarizability of the deuteron significantly\ninfluences the buildup of the vertical polarization in the above experiment.\nThe spin interactions depending on the electric dipole moment, the tensor\nelectric polarizability, and main systematical errors caused by field\nmisalignments have very different symmetries. For the considered experimental\nconditions, the sensitivity to the deuteron EDM of $1\\times10^{-29} e\\cdot$cm\ncorresponds to measuring the both of tensor polarizabilities with an accuracy\nof $\\delta\\alpha_T\\approx\\delta\\beta_T\\approx5\\times10^{-42}$ cm$^3$. This\nconservative estimate can be improved by excluding the systematical error\ncaused by the field instability which is negligible for the measurement of the\ntensor polarizabilities. To find the tensor magnetic polarizability, the\nhorizontal components of the polarization vector should be measured.\n" }, { "id": "0dad6b6a-9e9d-4439-8e2f-28715988c92f", "adv_source_id": "0dad6b6a-9e9d-4439-8e2f-28715988c92f", "source_id": "0dad6b6a-9e9d-4439-8e2f-28715988c92f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Status of the Fourth Generation - A Brief Summary of B3SM-III Workshop\n in Four Parts", "prompt": null, "generation": " This summary of the 3rd \"Beyond the 3 Generation Standard Model\" workshop\npresents the following four statements (and their implications) for the ongoing\nand future searches of a fourth generation:\n 1) The enhancement of the Higgs gluon-gluon production cross-section times\nbranching fraction for many of the search channels studied at the Large Hadron\nCollider (LHC) is not a flat factor of 9;\n 2) Electroweak precision data allows for not only a fourth generation, even\nmore generations are allowed;\n 3) Consideration of mixing significantly changes the conclusions about the\ninterpretation of experimental constraints, and even a fully-degenerate fourth\ngeneration becomes allowed;\n 4) The features that make a fourth generation of fermions attractive are\nstill valid even under the light of initial LHC results.\n" }, { "id": "1ba0cbd2-5a05-4cfa-8442-97ec2f1ee21e", "adv_source_id": "1ba0cbd2-5a05-4cfa-8442-97ec2f1ee21e", "source_id": "1ba0cbd2-5a05-4cfa-8442-97ec2f1ee21e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lectures on Moduli Spaces of Elliptic Curves", "prompt": null, "generation": " These informal notes are an expanded version of lectures on the moduli space\nof elliptic curves given at Zhejiang University in July, 2008. Their goal is to\nintroduce and motivate basic concepts and constructions (such as orbifolds and\nstacks) important in the study of moduli spaces of curves and abelian varieties\nthrough the example of elliptic curves. The reason for working with elliptic\ncurves is that most constructions are elementary and explicit in this case. All\nfour approaches to moduli spaces of curves -- complex analytic, topological,\nalgebro-geometric, and number theoretic -- are considered. Topics covered\nreflect my own biases. Very little, if anything, in these notes is original,\nexcept perhaps the selection of topics and the point of view.\n" }, { "id": "0839feb8-f565-4849-ba54-551e5d9ce113", "adv_source_id": "0839feb8-f565-4849-ba54-551e5d9ce113", "source_id": "0839feb8-f565-4849-ba54-551e5d9ce113", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Jet-Ricci Geometry of Time-Dependent Human Biomechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose the time-dependent generalization of an `ordinary' autonomous\nhuman biomechanics, in which total mechanical + biochemical energy is not\nconserved. We introduce a general framework for time-dependent biomechanics in\nterms of jet manifolds derived from the extended musculo-skeletal configuration\nmanifold. The corresponding Riemannian geometrical evolution follows the Ricci\nflow diffusion. In particular, we show that the exponential-like decay of total\nbiomechanical energy (due to exhaustion of biochemical resources) is closely\nrelated to the Ricci flow on the biomechanical configuration manifold.\n Keywords: Time-dependent biomechanics, extended configuration manifold,\nconfiguration bundle, jet manifolds, Ricci flow diffusion\n" }, { "id": "450391b5-0258-4c90-994e-971eff848a69", "adv_source_id": "450391b5-0258-4c90-994e-971eff848a69", "source_id": "450391b5-0258-4c90-994e-971eff848a69", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of a single-charge defect in a metal-oxide-semiconductor\n structure using vertically coupled Al and Si single-electron transistors", "prompt": null, "generation": " An Al-AlO_x-Al single-electron transistor (SET) acting as the gate of a\nnarrow (~ 100 nm) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)\ncan induce a vertically aligned Si SET at the Si/SiO_2 interface near the\nMOSFET channel conductance threshold. By using such a vertically coupled Al and\nSi SET system, we have detected a single-charge defect which is tunnel-coupled\nto the Si SET. By solving a simple electrostatic model, the fractions of each\ncoupling capacitance associated with the defect are extracted. The results\nreveal that the defect is not a large puddle or metal island, but its size is\nrather small, corresponding to a sphere with a radius less than 1 nm. The small\nsize of the defect suggests it is most likely a single-charge trap at the\nSi/SiO_2 interface. Based on the ratios of the coupling capacitances, the\ninterface trap is estimated to be about 20 nm away from the Si SET.\n" }, { "id": "aa8ddc7e-63c1-4cbe-89d0-1a7950702fd3", "adv_source_id": "aa8ddc7e-63c1-4cbe-89d0-1a7950702fd3", "source_id": "aa8ddc7e-63c1-4cbe-89d0-1a7950702fd3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Symmetry and Surface Symmetry Energies in Finite Nuclei", "prompt": null, "generation": " A study of properties of the symmetry energy of nuclei is presented based on\ndensity functional theory. Calculations for finite nuclei are given so that the\nstudy includes isospin dependent surface symmetry considerations as well as\nisospin independent surface effects. Calculations are done at both zero and\nnon-zero temperature. It is shown that the surface symmetry energy term is the\nmost sensitive to the temperature while the bulk energy term is the least\nsensitive. It is also shown that the temperature dependence terms are\ninsensitive to the force used and even more insensitive to the existence of\nneutron skin. Results for a symmetry energy with both volume and surface terms\nare compared with a symmetry energy with only volume terms along the line of\n$\\beta$ stability. Differences of several MeV are shown over a good fraction of\nthe total mass range in $A$. Also given are calculations for the bulk, surface\nand Coulomb terms.\n" }, { "id": "8072ecac-646d-4275-8d07-113e1fe9e925", "adv_source_id": "8072ecac-646d-4275-8d07-113e1fe9e925", "source_id": "8072ecac-646d-4275-8d07-113e1fe9e925", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase diagram of a strongly disordered s-wave superconductor, NbN, close\n to the metal-insulator transition", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a phase diagram as a function of disorder in three-dimensional NbN\nthin films, as the system enters the critical disorder for the destruction of\nthe superconducting state. The superconducting state is investigated using a\ncombination of magnetotransport and tunneling spectroscopy measurements. Our\nstudies reveal 3 different disorder regimes. At low disorder the (k_{F}l~10-4),\nthe system follows the mean field Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer behavior where the\nsuperconducting energy gap vanishes at the temperature where electrical\nresistance appears. For stronger disorder (k_{F}l<4) a \"pseudogap\" state\nemerges where a gap in the electronic spectrum persists up to temperatures much\nhigher than Tc, suggesting that Cooper pairs continue to exist in the system\neven after the zero resistance state is destroyed. Finally, very strongly\ndisordered samples (k_{F}l<1) exhibit a pronounced magnetoresistance peak at\nlow temperatures, suggesting that localized Cooper pairs continue to survive in\nthe system even after the global superconducting ground state is completely\ndestroyed.\n" }, { "id": "5ba82cab-16b7-4ebf-ba10-289541f0de4c", "adv_source_id": "5ba82cab-16b7-4ebf-ba10-289541f0de4c", "source_id": "5ba82cab-16b7-4ebf-ba10-289541f0de4c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A distinct peak-flux distribution of the third class of gamma-ray\n bursts: A possible signature of X-ray flashes?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous events in the Universe. Going beyond\nthe short-long classification scheme we work in the context of three burst\npopulations with the third group of intermediate duration and softest spectrum.\nWe are looking for physical properties which discriminate the intermediate\nduration bursts from the other two classes. We use maximum likelihood fits to\nestablish group memberships in the duration-hardness plane. To confirm these\nresults we also use k-means and hierarchical clustering. We use Monte-Carlo\nsimulations to test the significance of the existence of the intermediate group\nand we find it with 99.8% probability. The intermediate duration population has\na significantly lower peak-flux (with 99.94% significance). Also, long bursts\nwith measured redshift have higher peak-fluxes (with 98.6% significance) than\nlong bursts without measured redshifts. As the third group is the softest, we\nargue that we have {related} them with X-ray flashes among the gamma-ray\nbursts. We give a new, probabilistic definition for this class of events.\n" }, { "id": "13dd6a8c-2249-412d-a825-74f2a38f6ca5", "adv_source_id": "13dd6a8c-2249-412d-a825-74f2a38f6ca5", "source_id": "13dd6a8c-2249-412d-a825-74f2a38f6ca5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraining the nature of High Frequency Peakers. I. The spectral\n variability", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the spectral characteristics of 51 candidate High Frequency\nPeakers (HFPs), from the ``bright'' HFP sample, in order to determine the\nnature of each object, and to obtain a smaller sample of genuine young radio\nsources. Simultaneous multi-frequency VLA observations carried out at various\nepochs have been used to detect flux density and spectral shape variability in\norder to pinpoint contaminant objects, since young radio sources are not\nexpected to be significantly variable on such a short time-scale. From the\nanalysis of the spectral variability we find 13 contaminant objects, 11\nquasars, 1 BL Lac, and 1 unidentified object, which we have rejected from the\nsample of candidate young radio sources. The 6 years elapsed between the first\nand latest observing run are not enough to detect any substantial evolution of\nthe overall spectrum of genuine, non variable, young radio sources. If we also\nconsider the pc-scale information, we find that the total radio spectrum we\nobserve is the result of the superposition of the spectra of different regions\n(lobes, hot-spots, core, jets), instead of a single homogeneous radio\ncomponent. This indicates that the radio source structure plays a relevant role\nin determining the spectral shape also in the rather common case in which the\nmorphology appears unresolved even on high-resolution scales.\n" }, { "id": "2546ec27-e680-48f7-ac4b-6c5944b3412a", "adv_source_id": "2546ec27-e680-48f7-ac4b-6c5944b3412a", "source_id": "2546ec27-e680-48f7-ac4b-6c5944b3412a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Little Twin Higgs Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a twin Higgs model based on left-right symmetry with a tree level\nquartic. This is made possible by extending the symmetry of the model to\ninclude two Z_2 parities, each of which is sufficient to protect the Higgs from\ngetting a quadratically divergent mass squared. Although both parities are\nbroken explicitly, the symmetries that protect the Higgs from getting a\nquadratically divergent mass are broken only collectively. The quadratic\ndivergences of the Higgs mass are thus still protected at one loop. We find\nthat the fine tuning in this model is reduced substantially compared to the\noriginal left-right twin Higgs model. This mechanism can also be applied to the\nmirror twin Higgs model to get a significant reduction of the fine tuning,\nwhile keeping the mirror photon massless.\n" }, { "id": "43ac938c-6468-4f68-a28e-063198f0c3fd", "adv_source_id": "43ac938c-6468-4f68-a28e-063198f0c3fd", "source_id": "43ac938c-6468-4f68-a28e-063198f0c3fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Decoherence induced by a dynamic spin environment (I): The universal\n regime", "prompt": null, "generation": " This article analyzes the decoherence induced on a single qubit by the\ninteraction with a spin chain with nontrivial internal dynamics (XY-type\ninteractions). The aim of the paper is to study the existence and properties of\nthe so-called universal regime, in which the decoherence time scale becomes\nindependent of the strength of the coupling with the environment. It is shown\nthat although such regime does exist, as previously established by Cucchietti\n\\textit{et al} in {\\em Phys. Rev. A}, 75:032337 (2007), it is not a clear\nsignature of a quantum phase transition in the environment. In fact, this kind\nof universality also exists in the absence of quantum phase transitions. A\nuniversal regime can be related to the existence of an energy scale separation\nbetween the Hamiltonian of the environment and the one characterizing the\nsystem-environment interaction. The results presented also indicate that in the\nstrong coupling regime the quantum phase transition does not produce an\nenhancement of decoherence (as opposed to what happens in the weak coupling\nregime).\n" }, { "id": "349171d0-378f-496d-a5db-9ec0d81d0b3d", "adv_source_id": "349171d0-378f-496d-a5db-9ec0d81d0b3d", "source_id": "349171d0-378f-496d-a5db-9ec0d81d0b3d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Turbulence-induced magnetic fields and the structure of Cosmic Ray\n modified shocks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a model for Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA) in which stochastic\nmagnetic fields in the shock precursor are generated through purely fluid\nmechanisms of a so-called small-scale dynamo. This contrasts with previous DSA\nmodels that considered magnetic fields amplified through cosmic ray streaming\ninstabilities; i.e., either by way of individual particles resonant scattering\nin the magnetic fields, or by macroscopic electric currents associated with\nlarge-scale cosmic ray streaming. Instead, in our picture, the solenoidal\nvelocity perturbations that are required for the dynamo to work are produced\nthrough the interactions of the pressure gradient of the cosmic ray precursor\nand density perturbations in the inflowing fluid. Our estimates show that this\nmechanism provides fast growth of magnetic field and is very generic. We argue\nthat for supernovae shocks the mechanism is capable of generating upstream\nmagnetic fields that are sufficiently strong for accelerating cosmic rays up to\naround 10^16 eV. No action of any other mechanism is necessary.\n" }, { "id": "5ed323ce-8ffe-417b-98ba-2ab9230ff600", "adv_source_id": "5ed323ce-8ffe-417b-98ba-2ab9230ff600", "source_id": "5ed323ce-8ffe-417b-98ba-2ab9230ff600", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unveiling new systematics in the self-assembly of atomic chains on\n Si(111)", "prompt": null, "generation": " Self-assembled arrays of atomic chains on Si(111) represent a fascinating\nfamily of nanostructures with quasi-one-dimensional electronic properties.\nThese surface reconstructions are stabilized by a variety of adsorbates ranging\nfrom alkali and alkaline earth metals to noble and rare earth metals. Combining\nthe complementary strength of dynamical low-energy electron diffraction,\nscanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we\nrecently showed that besides monovalent and divalent adsorbates, trivalent\nadsorbates are also able to stabilize silicon honeycomb chains. Consequently\nsilicon honeycomb chains emerge as a most stable, universal building block\nshared by many atomic chain structures. We here present the systematics behind\nthe self-assembly mechanism of these chain systems and relate the valence state\nof the adsorbate to the accessible symmetries of the chains.\n" }, { "id": "b1ee2bfa-79ce-4925-8c95-327cfbcf0ec2", "adv_source_id": "b1ee2bfa-79ce-4925-8c95-327cfbcf0ec2", "source_id": "b1ee2bfa-79ce-4925-8c95-327cfbcf0ec2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exploring the Morphology of RAVE Stellar Spectra", "prompt": null, "generation": " The RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is a medium resolution R~7500\nspectroscopic survey of the Milky Way which already obtained over half a\nmillion stellar spectra. They present a randomly selected magnitude-limited\nsample, so it is important to use a reliable and automated classification\nscheme which identifies normal single stars and discovers different types of\npeculiar stars. To this end we present a morphological classification of\n350,000 RAVE survey stellar spectra using locally linear embedding, a\ndimensionality reduction method which enables representing the complex spectral\nmorphology in a low dimensional projected space while still preserving the\nproperties of the local neighborhoods of spectra. We find that the majority of\nall spectra in the database ~90-95% belong to normal single stars, but there is\nalso a significant population of several types of peculiars. Among them the\nmost populated groups are those of various types of spectroscopic binary and\nchromospherically active stars. Both of them include several thousands of\nspectra. Particularly the latter group offers significant further investigation\nopportunities since activity of stars is a known proxy of stellar ages.\nApplying the same classification procedure to the sample of normal single stars\nalone shows that the shape of the projected manifold in two dimensional space\ncorrelates with stellar temperature, surface gravity and metallicity.\n" }, { "id": "cdc4ed0f-fc0b-48e8-811e-20773281d20f", "adv_source_id": "cdc4ed0f-fc0b-48e8-811e-20773281d20f", "source_id": "cdc4ed0f-fc0b-48e8-811e-20773281d20f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasi-random oriented graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that a number of conditions on oriented graphs, all of which are\nsatisfied with high probability by randomly oriented graphs, are equivalent.\nThese equivalences are similar to those given by Chung, Graham and Wilson in\nthe case of unoriented graphs, and by Chung and Graham in the case of\ntournaments. Indeed, our main theorem extends to the case of a general\nunderlying graph G the main result of Chung and Graham which corresponds to the\ncase that G is complete.\n One interesting aspect of these results is that exactly two of the four\norientations of a four-cycle can be used for a quasi-randomness condition,\ni.e., if the number of appearances they make in D is close to the expected\nnumber in a random orientation of the same underlying graph, then the same is\ntrue for every small oriented graph H\n" }, { "id": "47f612b7-877c-428f-8755-6a7c5bc1946d", "adv_source_id": "47f612b7-877c-428f-8755-6a7c5bc1946d", "source_id": "47f612b7-877c-428f-8755-6a7c5bc1946d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum rings for beginners II: Bosons versus fermions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The purpose of this overview article, which can be viewed as a supplement to\nour previous review on quantum rings, [S. Viefers {\\it et al}, Physica E {\\bf\n21} (2004), 1-35], is to highlight the differences of boson and fermion systems\nin one-dimensional (1D) and quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) quantum rings. In\nparticular this involves comparing their many-body spectra and other\nproperties, in various regimes and models, including spinless and spinful\nparticles, finite versus infinite interaction, and continuum versus lattice\nmodels. Our aim is to present the topic in a comprehensive way, focusing on\nsmall systems where the many-body problem can be solved exactly. Mapping out\nthe similarities and differences between the bosonic and fermionic cases is of\nrenewed interest due to the experimental developments in recent years, allowing\nfor more controlled fabrication of both fermionic and bosonic quantum rings.\n" }, { "id": "90cebb20-f22a-4da5-8259-1925a39677aa", "adv_source_id": "90cebb20-f22a-4da5-8259-1925a39677aa", "source_id": "90cebb20-f22a-4da5-8259-1925a39677aa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal rank-based tests for homogeneity of scatter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a class of locally and asymptotically optimal tests, based on\nmultivariate ranks and signs for the homogeneity of scatter matrices in $m$\nelliptical populations. Contrary to the existing parametric procedures, these\ntests remain valid without any moment assumptions, and thus are perfectly\nrobust against heavy-tailed distributions (validity robustness). Nevertheless,\nthey reach semiparametric efficiency bounds at correctly specified elliptical\ndensities and maintain high powers under all (efficiency robustness). In\nparticular, their normal-score version outperforms traditional Gaussian\nlikelihood ratio tests and their pseudo-Gaussian robustifications under a very\nbroad range of non-Gaussian densities including, for instance, all multivariate\nStudent and power-exponential distributions.\n" }, { "id": "66d1e524-6c4c-428e-b79c-3d8a8d7ef49a", "adv_source_id": "66d1e524-6c4c-428e-b79c-3d8a8d7ef49a", "source_id": "66d1e524-6c4c-428e-b79c-3d8a8d7ef49a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spatio-temporal correlations can drastically change the response of a\n MAPK pathway", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multisite covalent modification of proteins is omnipresent in eukaryotic\ncells. A well-known example is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)\ncascade, where in each layer of the cascade a protein is phosphorylated at two\nsites. It has long been known that the response of a MAPK pathway strongly\ndepends on whether the enzymes that modify the protein act processively or\ndistributively: distributive mechanism, in which the enzyme molecules have to\nrelease the substrate molecules in between the modification of the two sites,\ncan generate an ultrasensitive response and lead to hysteresis and bistability.\nWe study by Green's Function Reaction Dynamics, a stochastic scheme that makes\nit possible to simulate biochemical networks at the particle level and in time\nand space, a dual phosphorylation cycle in which the enzymes act according to a\ndistributive mechanism. We find that the response of this network can differ\ndramatically from that predicted by a mean-field analysis based on the chemical\nrate equations. In particular, rapid rebindings of the enzyme molecules to the\nsubstrate molecules after modification of the first site can markedly speed up\nthe response, and lead to loss of ultrasensitivity and bistability. In essence,\nrapid enzyme-substrate rebindings can turn a distributive mechanism into a\nprocessive mechanism. We argue that slow ADP release by the enzymes can protect\nthe system against these rapid rebindings, thus enabling ultrasensitivity and\nbistability.\n" }, { "id": "ba2f25bd-ec95-42f5-be90-ce7f98610b6e", "adv_source_id": "ba2f25bd-ec95-42f5-be90-ce7f98610b6e", "source_id": "ba2f25bd-ec95-42f5-be90-ce7f98610b6e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-filter modeling by means of extension theory methods", "prompt": null, "generation": " The problem of spin-dependent transport of electrons through a finite array\nof quantum dots attached to 1D quantum wire (spin gun) for various\nsemiconductor materials is studied. Unlike the model considered in [1] a model\nproposed here is based on the extension theory model (ETM) and assumes the\nquantum dots to have an arbitrary internal structure, i.e. the internal energy\nlevels. The presence of internal structure in quantum dots results in\nenergy-dependent interaction between electrons and quantum dots. This\ninteraction changes the transmission mode of the spin current through the spin\ngun. For the energy-dependent interaction it is shown in this article the\ndifference of transmission probabilities for singlet and triplet channels for\nseveral quantum dots in the array due to interference effects can reach\napproximately 100% percent for some energy intervals. For the same energy\nintervals the conductance of the device reaches the value in units. As a result\na model of the spin-gun which transforms the spin unpolarized electron beam\ninto completely polarized one is suggested.\n" }, { "id": "aae5eb4e-9f00-4555-acea-eae2853e87c4", "adv_source_id": "aae5eb4e-9f00-4555-acea-eae2853e87c4", "source_id": "aae5eb4e-9f00-4555-acea-eae2853e87c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Drawing (Complete) Binary Tanglegrams: Hardness, Approximation,\n Fixed-Parameter Tractability", "prompt": null, "generation": " A \\emph{binary tanglegram} is a drawing of a pair of rooted binary trees\nwhose leaf sets are in one-to-one correspondence; matching leaves are connected\nby inter-tree edges. For applications, for example, in phylogenetics, it is\nessential that both trees are drawn without edge crossings and that the\ninter-tree edges have as few crossings as possible. It is known that finding a\ntanglegram with the minimum number of crossings is NP-hard and that the problem\nis fixed-parameter tractable with respect to that number.\n We prove that under the Unique Games Conjecture there is no constant-factor\napproximation for binary trees. We show that the problem is NP-hard even if\nboth trees are complete binary trees. For this case we give an $O(n^3)$-time\n2-approximation and a new, simple fixed-parameter algorithm. We show that the\nmaximization version of the dual problem for binary trees can be reduced to a\nversion of MaxCut for which the algorithm of Goemans and Williamson yields a\n0.878-approximation.\n" }, { "id": "a030d9a8-1315-4190-b4d1-bbe23e93ae28", "adv_source_id": "a030d9a8-1315-4190-b4d1-bbe23e93ae28", "source_id": "a030d9a8-1315-4190-b4d1-bbe23e93ae28", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Regenerating WIMPs in the light of direct and indirect detection", "prompt": null, "generation": " There are several ways to explain the dark matter relic density other than by\nthe ordinary freeze-out scenario. For example, the freeze-in mechanism may\nconstitute an alternative for generating the correct relic density for dark\nmatter candidates whose predicted freeze-out abundance is too low due to a\nlarge total annihilation cross section. Here we show that although such a\nmechanism could explain why a dark matter candidate has the correct relic\ndensity, some candidates may still be ruled out because they would lead to a\nlarge gamma ray flux in dwarf spheroidal galaxies or a large elastic scattering\nrate in direct detection experiments. To investigate this scenario we examine\nneutralino dark matter in the MSSM. However our conclusions can be generalised\nto other types of annihilating DM candidates with a low relic density in the\nfreeze-out scenario but which have their relic densities generated by some\nother mechanism.\n" }, { "id": "1782a115-b0cf-4e3d-94e8-201ba05af197", "adv_source_id": "1782a115-b0cf-4e3d-94e8-201ba05af197", "source_id": "1782a115-b0cf-4e3d-94e8-201ba05af197", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ionization Conditions in the Central Giant HII Region of NGC 5253", "prompt": null, "generation": " We are carrying out a detailed 2D spectroscopic study of the central 210 pc X\n130 pc of the blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy NGC5253. This contribution\npresents the ionization conditions and chemical abundance patterns for the\ndifferent kinematic components of the ionized gas detected in our previous\nwork. All the kinematic components present an excess in nitrogen abundance. In\nparticular, the broad velocity component has larger excess than the narrow one\nby a factor of ~1.4+-0.4 which is consistent with a scenario for the Giant HII\nRegion where the broad component of the emission lines traces the material\nexpelled by the two central Super Star Clusters while the narrow one is\nassociated to previously existing ionized gas.\n" }, { "id": "3c5a5fe8-a4a0-420d-9b11-a85e95a54b69", "adv_source_id": "3c5a5fe8-a4a0-420d-9b11-a85e95a54b69", "source_id": "3c5a5fe8-a4a0-420d-9b11-a85e95a54b69", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A little known astronomer in the late Islamic period. A study of Qasim\n ali al-Qayini's manuscripts", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is widely believed that the advance of science in the Islamic world after\nthe mid-fifteenth century A.D. suffered a decline. For the purpose of examining\nthis belief, a manuscript by Qasim ali al-Qayini (ca. A.D.1685) was chosen\nbased on previous works which considered it a valuable source on the history of\noptics that had not been studied before. After studying his major optical\nmanuscript, titled Manazir wa Maraya, it was found very interesting that the\nmajority of al-Qayini's propositions relating to natural phenomena were not\nmerely geometrical definitions, but that the proofs related to astronomy. As an\nexample, in one case, which had not been explained in previous astronomical and\noptical manuscripts, al-Qayini tried, despite lacking a vigorous proof, to show\nhow a special point in a room could be lit up by sunlight throughout the year.\nHis particular interest in astronomy led us to a general study of his other\nworks, and it is worth noting that out of the nineteen works that have been\nattributed to him, eleven are devoted to astronomy and have not been thoroughly\nstudied. Much more research is required on his astronomical manuscripts in\norder to obtain a better understanding of this author, the century in which he\nlived and the general state of science in the late Islamic period. After all,\ngiven the many as-yet unstudied manuscripts that still exist, maybe this\ndecline was not as rapid as has previously been assumed.\n" }, { "id": "29c0dab3-0cd5-42c4-a705-f53ec4cc7ab2", "adv_source_id": "29c0dab3-0cd5-42c4-a705-f53ec4cc7ab2", "source_id": "29c0dab3-0cd5-42c4-a705-f53ec4cc7ab2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extraction of Symbolic Rules from Artificial Neural Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Although backpropagation ANNs generally predict better than decision trees do\nfor pattern classification problems, they are often regarded as black boxes,\ni.e., their predictions cannot be explained as those of decision trees. In many\napplications, it is desirable to extract knowledge from trained ANNs for the\nusers to gain a better understanding of how the networks solve the problems. A\nnew rule extraction algorithm, called rule extraction from artificial neural\nnetworks (REANN) is proposed and implemented to extract symbolic rules from\nANNs. A standard three-layer feedforward ANN is the basis of the algorithm. A\nfour-phase training algorithm is proposed for backpropagation learning.\nExplicitness of the extracted rules is supported by comparing them to the\nsymbolic rules generated by other methods. Extracted rules are comparable with\nother methods in terms of number of rules, average number of conditions for a\nrule, and predictive accuracy. Extensive experimental studies on several\nbenchmarks classification problems, such as breast cancer, iris, diabetes, and\nseason classification problems, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed\napproach with good generalization ability.\n" }, { "id": "b8564f6c-090c-4048-bbeb-8a933e919374", "adv_source_id": "b8564f6c-090c-4048-bbeb-8a933e919374", "source_id": "b8564f6c-090c-4048-bbeb-8a933e919374", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The two-nucleon electromagnetic charge operator in chiral effective\n field theory ($\\chi$EFT) up to one loop", "prompt": null, "generation": " The electromagnetic charge operator in a two-nucleon system is derived in\nchiral effective field theory ($\\chi$EFT) up to order $e\\, Q$ (or N4LO), where\n$Q$ denotes the low-momentum scale and $e$ is the electric charge. The specific\nform of the N3LO and N4LO corrections from, respectively, one-pion-exchange and\ntwo-pion-exchange depends on the off-the-energy-shell prescriptions adopted for\nthe non-static terms in the corresponding potentials. We show that different\nprescriptions lead to unitarily equivalent potentials and accompanying charge\noperators. Thus, provided a consistent set is adopted, predictions for physical\nobservables will remain unaffected by the non-uniqueness associated with these\noff-the-energy-shell effects.\n" }, { "id": "d6e771cc-16c6-42d4-b53a-2cf51724d3a1", "adv_source_id": "d6e771cc-16c6-42d4-b53a-2cf51724d3a1", "source_id": "d6e771cc-16c6-42d4-b53a-2cf51724d3a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "OGLE 2008--BLG--290: An accurate measurement of the limb darkening of a\n Galactic Bulge K Giant spatially resolved by microlensing", "prompt": null, "generation": " Gravitational microlensing is not only a successful tool for discovering\ndistant exoplanets, but it also enables characterization of the lens and source\nstars involved in the lensing event. In high magnification events, the lens\ncaustic may cross over the source disk, which allows a determination of the\nangular size of the source and additionally a measurement of its limb\ndarkening. When such extended-source effects appear close to maximum\nmagnification, the resulting light curve differs from the characteristic\nPaczynski point-source curve. The exact shape of the light curve close to the\npeak depends on the limb darkening of the source. Dense photometric coverage\npermits measurement of the respective limb-darkening coefficients. In the case\nof microlensing event OGLE 2008-BLG-290, the K giant source star reached a peak\nmagnification of about 100. Thirteen different telescopes have covered this\nevent in eight different photometric bands. Subsequent light-curve analysis\nyielded measurements of linear limb-darkening coefficients of the source in six\nphotometric bands. The best-measured coefficients lead to an estimate of the\nsource effective temperature of about 4700 +100-200 K. However, the photometric\nestimate from colour-magnitude diagrams favours a cooler temperature of 4200\n+-100 K. As the limb-darkening measurements, at least in the CTIO/SMARTS2 V and\nI bands, are among the most accurate obtained, the above disagreement needs to\nbe understood. A solution is proposed, which may apply to previous events where\nsuch a discrepancy also appeared.\n" }, { "id": "8c911a0e-7614-4c15-9b24-641871df17c4", "adv_source_id": "8c911a0e-7614-4c15-9b24-641871df17c4", "source_id": "8c911a0e-7614-4c15-9b24-641871df17c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Different thermal conductance of the inter- and intra-chain interactions\n in a double-stranded molecular structure", "prompt": null, "generation": " A double-stranded system, modeled by a Frenkel-Kontorova lattice, is studied\nthrough nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We have investigated the\nthermal conductance influenced by the intra-chain interaction as well as by the\ninter-chain interaction. It is found that the intra-chain interaction always\nenhance the thermal conductance. The inter-chain interaction, however, has a\npositive effect on the thermal conductance in the case of strong nonlinear\npotential, and has a negative effect on the thermal conductance in the case of\nweak nonlinear potential. This phenomenon can be explained by the transition of\nthermal transport mode and the phonon band shift of the particles. It is\nsuggested that the inter-and intra-chain interactions present different thermal\nproperties in double-stranded lattices.\n" }, { "id": "4490e3fc-2d2c-4399-be8a-3afe873d6ce2", "adv_source_id": "4490e3fc-2d2c-4399-be8a-3afe873d6ce2", "source_id": "4490e3fc-2d2c-4399-be8a-3afe873d6ce2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Structured Systems Approach for Optimal Actuator-Sensor Placement in\n Linear Time-Invariant Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we address the actuator/sensor allocation problem for linear\ntime invariant (LTI) systems. Given the structure of an autonomous linear\ndynamical system, the goal is to design the structure of the input matrix\n(commonly denoted by $B$) such that the system is structurally controllable\nwith the restriction that each input be dedicated, i.e., it can only control\ndirectly a single state variable. We provide a methodology that addresses this\ndesign question: specifically, we determine the minimum number of dedicated\ninputs required to ensure such structural controllability, and characterize,\nand characterizes all (when not unique) possible configurations of the\n\\emph{minimal} input matrix $B$. Furthermore, we show that the proposed\nsolution methodology incurs \\emph{polynomial complexity} in the number of state\nvariables. By duality, the solution methodology may be readily extended to the\nstructural design of the corresponding minimal output matrix (commonly denoted\nby $C$) that ensures structural observability.\n" }, { "id": "40fb756d-c36e-468a-818e-ef0aa124196b", "adv_source_id": "40fb756d-c36e-468a-818e-ef0aa124196b", "source_id": "40fb756d-c36e-468a-818e-ef0aa124196b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Candidate Rotating Toroids around High-Mass (Proto)Stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the OVRO, Nobeyama, and IRAM mm-arrays, we searched for\n``disk''-outflow systems in three high-mass (proto)star forming regions:\nG16.59-0.05, G23.01-0.41, and G28.87+0.07. These were selected from a sample of\nNH3 cores associated with OH and H2O maser emission and with no or very faint\ncontinuum emission. Our imaging of molecular line (including rotational\ntransitions of CH3CN and 3mm dust continuum emission revealed that these are\ncompact, massive, and hot molecular cores (HMCs), that is likely sites of\nhigh-mass star formation prior to the appearance of UCHII regions. All three\nsources turn out to be associated with molecular outflows from CO and/or HCO+\nJ=1--0 line imaging. In addition, velocity gradients of 10 -- 100 km/s per pc\nin the innermost densest regions of the G23.01 and G28.87 HMCs are identified\nalong directions roughly perpendicular to the axes of the corresponding\noutflows. All the results suggest that these cores might be rotating about the\noutflow axis, although the contribution of rotation to gravitational\nequilibrium of the HMCs appears to be negligible. Our analysis indicates that\nthe 3 HMCs are close to virial equilibrium due to turbulent pressure support.\nComparison with other similar objects where rotating toroids have been\nidentified so far shows that in our case rotation appears to be much less\nprominent; this can be explained by the combined effect of unfavorable\nprojection, large distance, and limited angular resolution with the current\ninterferometers.\n" }, { "id": "da7aa684-74bb-4fb3-96ac-3b5a8901622a", "adv_source_id": "da7aa684-74bb-4fb3-96ac-3b5a8901622a", "source_id": "da7aa684-74bb-4fb3-96ac-3b5a8901622a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Towards an automated query modification assistant", "prompt": null, "generation": " Users who need several queries before finding what they need can benefit from\nan automatic search assistant that provides feedback on their query\nmodification strategies. We present a method to learn from a search log which\ntypes of query modifications have and have not been effective in the past. The\nmethod analyses query modifications along two dimensions: a traditional\nterm-based dimension and a semantic dimension, for which queries are enriches\nwith linked data entities. Applying the method to the search logs of two search\nengines, we identify six opportunities for a query modification assistant to\nimprove search: modification strategies that are commonly used, but that often\ndo not lead to satisfactory results.\n" }, { "id": "412f7558-33b4-4c5b-a2af-1292458c27b7", "adv_source_id": "412f7558-33b4-4c5b-a2af-1292458c27b7", "source_id": "412f7558-33b4-4c5b-a2af-1292458c27b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extreme throat initial data set and horizon area--angular momentum\n inequality for axisymmetric black holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a formula that relates the variations of the area of extreme\nthroat initial data with the variation of an appropriate defined mass\nfunctional. From this expression we deduce that the first variation, with fixed\nangular momentum, of the area is zero and the second variation is positive\ndefinite evaluated at the extreme Kerr throat initial data. This indicates that\nthe area of the extreme Kerr throat initial data is a minimum among this class\nof data. And hence the area of generic throat initial data is bounded from\nbelow by the angular momentum. Also, this result strongly suggests that the\ninequality between area and angular momentum holds for generic asymptotically\nflat axially symmetric black holes. As an application, we prove this inequality\nin the non trivial family of spinning Bowen-York initial data.\n" }, { "id": "dbdfe0ba-26dc-4007-858c-8970f3036256", "adv_source_id": "dbdfe0ba-26dc-4007-858c-8970f3036256", "source_id": "dbdfe0ba-26dc-4007-858c-8970f3036256", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical methods for an optimal order execution problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper deals with numerical solutions to an impulse control problem\narising from optimal portfolio liquidation with bid-ask spread and market price\nimpact penalizing speedy execution trades. The corresponding dynamic\nprogramming (DP) equation is a quasi-variational inequality (QVI) with solvency\nconstraint satisfied by the value function in the sense of constrained\nviscosity solutions. By taking advantage of the lag variable tracking the time\ninterval between trades, we can provide an explicit backward numerical scheme\nfor the time discretization of the DPQVI. The convergence of this discrete-time\nscheme is shown by viscosity solutions arguments. An optimal quantization\nmethod is used for computing the (conditional) expectations arising in this\nscheme. Numerical results are presented by examining the behaviour of optimal\nliquidation strategies, and comparative performance analysis with respect to\nsome benchmark execution strategies. We also illustrate our optimal liquidation\nalgorithm on real data, and observe various interesting patterns of order\nexecution strategies. Finally, we provide some numerical tests of sensitivity\nwith respect to the bid/ask spread and market impact parameters.\n" }, { "id": "4cdeb34e-10bf-4bb8-b865-da541bf6b036", "adv_source_id": "4cdeb34e-10bf-4bb8-b865-da541bf6b036", "source_id": "4cdeb34e-10bf-4bb8-b865-da541bf6b036", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Foggy Disks Surrounding Herbig Ae Stars: a Theoretical Study of the\n H2O Line Spectra", "prompt": null, "generation": " Water is a key species in many astrophysical environments, but it is\nparticularly important in proto-planetary disks. So far,observations of water\nin these objects have been scarce, but the situation should soon change thanks\nto the Herschel satellite. We report here a theoretical study of the water line\nspectrum of a proto-planetary disk surrounding Ae stars. We show that several\nlines will be observable with the HIFI instrument onboard the Herschel Space\nObservatory. We predict that some maser lines could also be observable with\nground telescopes and we discuss how the predictions depend not only on the\nadopted physical and chemical model but also on the set of collisional\ncoefficients used and on the H2 ortho to para ratio through its effect on\ncollisional excitation. This makes the water lines observations a powerful, but\ndangerous -if misused- diagnostic tool.\n" }, { "id": "a52463ed-031d-4ff0-a0e1-8c124ebba26c", "adv_source_id": "a52463ed-031d-4ff0-a0e1-8c124ebba26c", "source_id": "a52463ed-031d-4ff0-a0e1-8c124ebba26c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Turbulent ${\\alpha}$-effect in twisted magnetic flux tubes dynamos in\n Riemannian space", "prompt": null, "generation": " Analytical solution of first order torsion ${\\alpha}$-effect in twisted\nmagnetic flux tubes representing a flux tube dynamo in Riemannian space is\npresented. Toroidal and poloidal component of the magnetic field decays as\n$r^{-1}$, while grow exponentially in time. The rate of speed of the helical\ndynamo depends upon the value of Frenet curvature of the tube. The $\\alpha$\nfactor possesses a fundamental contribution from constant torsion tube\napproximation. It is also assumed that the curvature of the magnetic axis of\nthe tube is constant. Though ${\\alpha}$-effect dynamo equations are rather more\ncomplex in Riemann flux tube coordinates, a simple solution assuming force-free\nmagnetic fields is shown to be possible. Dynamo solutions are possible if the\ndynamo action is able to change the signs of torsion and curvature of the\ndynamo flux tube simultaneously.\n" }, { "id": "ad9cd239-7848-4122-ac2a-ad23c58454d9", "adv_source_id": "ad9cd239-7848-4122-ac2a-ad23c58454d9", "source_id": "ad9cd239-7848-4122-ac2a-ad23c58454d9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Duality with expanding maps and shrinking maps, and its applications to\n Gauss maps", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study expanding maps and shrinking maps of subvarieties of Grassmann\nvarieties in arbitrary characteristic. The shrinking map was studied\nindependently by Landsberg and Piontkowski in order to characterize Gauss\nimages. To develop their method, we introduce the expanding map, which is a\ndual notion of the shrinking map and is a generalization of the Gauss map. Then\nwe give a characterization of separable Gauss maps and their images, which\nyields results for the following topics: (1) Linearity of general fibers of\nseparable Gauss maps; (2) Generalization of the characterization of Gauss\nimages; (3) Duality on one-dimensional parameter spaces of linear subvarieties\nlying in developable varieties.\n" }, { "id": "cb988c18-86fe-49d0-b8e0-b1c6d1e6e83e", "adv_source_id": "cb988c18-86fe-49d0-b8e0-b1c6d1e6e83e", "source_id": "cb988c18-86fe-49d0-b8e0-b1c6d1e6e83e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Heterotic Weight Lifting", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a method for constructing genuinely asymmetric (2,0) heterotic\nstrings out of N=2 minimal models in the fermionic sector, whereas the bosonic\nsector is only partly build out of N=2 minimal models. This is achieved by\nreplacing one minimal model plus the superfluous E_8 factor by a\nnon-supersymmetric CFT with identical modular properties. This CFT generically\nlifts the weights in the bosonic sector, giving rise to a spectrum with fewer\nmassless states. We identify more than 30 such lifts, and we expect many more\nto exist. This yields more than 450 different combinations. Remarkably, despite\nthe lifting of all Ramond states, it is still possible to get chiral spectra.\nEven more surprisingly, these chiral spectra include examples with a certain\nnumber of chiral families of SO(10), SU(5) or other subgroups, including just\nSU(3) x SU(2) x U(1). The number of families and mirror families is typically\nsmaller than in standard Gepner models. Furthermore, in a large number of\ndifferent cases, spectra with three chiral families can be obtained. Based on a\nfirst scan of about 10% of the lifted Gepner models we can construct, we have\ncollected more than 10.000 distinct spectra with three families, including\nexamples without mirror fermions. We present an example where the GUT group is\ncompletely broken to the standard model, but the resulting and inevitable\nfractionally charged particles are confined by an additional gauge group\nfactor.\n" }, { "id": "53c4f3dd-cfe4-463d-91e4-4fe59ee8a76c", "adv_source_id": "53c4f3dd-cfe4-463d-91e4-4fe59ee8a76c", "source_id": "53c4f3dd-cfe4-463d-91e4-4fe59ee8a76c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Galois groups of multivariate Tutte polynomials", "prompt": null, "generation": " The multivariate Tutte polynomial $\\hat Z_M$ of a matroid $M$ is a\ngeneralization of the standard two-variable version, obtained by assigning a\nseparate variable $v_e$ to each element $e$ of the ground set $E$. It encodes\nthe full structure of $M$. Let $\\bv = \\{v_e\\}_{e\\in E}$, let $K$ be an\narbitrary field, and suppose $M$ is connected. We show that $\\hat Z_M$ is\nirreducible over $K(\\bv)$, and give three self-contained proofs that the Galois\ngroup of $\\hat Z_M$ over $K(\\bv)$ is the symmetric group of degree $n$, where\n$n$ is the rank of $M$. An immediate consequence of this result is that the\nGalois group of the multivariate Tutte polynomial of any matroid is a direct\nproduct of symmetric groups. Finally, we conjecture a similar result for the\nstandard Tutte polynomial of a connected matroid.\n" }, { "id": "aad67664-4c2e-44f8-bad1-0a24ef5ea9ed", "adv_source_id": "aad67664-4c2e-44f8-bad1-0a24ef5ea9ed", "source_id": "aad67664-4c2e-44f8-bad1-0a24ef5ea9ed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Current Rectification and Seebeck Coefficient of Serially Coupled Double\n Quantum Dots", "prompt": null, "generation": " The transport properties of serially coupled quantum dots (SCQDs) embedded in\na matrix connected to metallic electrodes are theoretically studied in the\nlinear and nonlinear regimes. The current rectification and negative\ndifferential conductance of SCQDs under the Pauli spin blockade condition are\nattributed to the combination of bias-direction dependent probability weight\nand off-resonant energy levels yielded by the applied bias across the\njunctions. We observe the spin-polarization current rectification under the\nZeeman effect. The maximum spin-polarization current occurs in the forward bias\nregime. Such behavior is different from the charge current rectification.\nFinally, the Seebeck coefficient ($S$)of SCQDs is calculated and analyzed in\nthe cases without and with electron phonon interactions. The application of\nSCQDs as a temperature detector is discussed on the basis of the nonlinear\nbehavior of $S$ with respect to temperature difference across the junction.\n" }, { "id": "6611e7b9-9ade-4f87-885d-0f806e632d6b", "adv_source_id": "6611e7b9-9ade-4f87-885d-0f806e632d6b", "source_id": "6611e7b9-9ade-4f87-885d-0f806e632d6b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tests of General Relativity in the Strong Gravity Regime Based on X-Ray\n Spectropolarimetric Observations of Black Holes in X-Ray Binaries", "prompt": null, "generation": " Although General Relativity (GR) has been tested extensively in the weak\ngravity regime, similar tests in the strong gravity regime are still missing.\nIn this paper we explore the possibility to use X-ray spectropolarimetric\nobservations of black holes in X-ray binaries to distinguish between the Kerr\nmetric and the phenomenological metrics introduced by Johannsen and Psaltis\n(2011) (which are not vacuum solutions of Einstein's equation) and thus to test\nthe no-hair theorem of GR. To this end, we have developed a numerical code that\ncalculates the radial brightness profiles of accretion disks and parallel\ntransports the wave vector and polarization vector of photons through the Kerr\nand non-GR spacetimes. We used the code to predict the observational appearance\nof GR and non-GR accreting black hole systems. We find that the predicted\nenergy spectra and energy dependent polarization degree and polarization\ndirection do depend strongly on the underlying spacetime. However, for large\nregions of the parameter space, the GR and non-GR metrics lead to very similar\nobservational signatures, making it difficult to observationally distinguish\nbetween the two types of models.\n" }, { "id": "5926d91e-691b-42a4-8004-6e29e7b0859b", "adv_source_id": "5926d91e-691b-42a4-8004-6e29e7b0859b", "source_id": "5926d91e-691b-42a4-8004-6e29e7b0859b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "X-Ray Absorption By WHIM in the Sculptor Wall", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present XMM RGS and Chandra LETG observations of the blazar, H 2356-309,\nlocated behind the Sculptor Wall, a large-scale galaxy structure expected to\nharbor high-density Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). Our simultaneous\nanalysis of the RGS and LETG spectra yields a 3-sigma detection of the crucial\nredshifted O vii K-alpha line with a column density (>~ 10^{16} cm^{-2})\nconsistent with similar large-scale structures produced in cosmological\nsimulations. This represents the first detection of non-local WHIM from X-ray\nabsorption studies where XMM and Chandra data are analyzed simultaneously and\nthe absorber redshift is already known, thus providing robust evidence for the\nexpected repository of the \"missing baryons\".\n" }, { "id": "ff920c31-7545-4b70-b78d-a2ab5b90deb7", "adv_source_id": "ff920c31-7545-4b70-b78d-a2ab5b90deb7", "source_id": "ff920c31-7545-4b70-b78d-a2ab5b90deb7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Classical Weyl-Spinor approach to U(1) and non-abelian local gauge\n theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a previous paper we introduced two linear spinor equations equivalent to\nthe Lorentz Force and stated that these equations were fairly general and could\nbe applied to any force field compatible with Special Relativity. In this\npaper, via a lagrangian approach, we explore this possibility and obtain\nclassical spinor equations describing the behaviour of fermionic particles not\nonly under an electromagnetic field but also under Yang-Mills and Color fields.\nWe find a covariant derivative defined {\\it along the classical trajectory} of\nthe particle, which can be extended to SU(2) and SU(3) local symmetries, and\nobtain the Yang-Mills and Color fields in a new classical Weyl-spinor approach\nto Gauge Theories. In the SU(3) case, the obtained equations which describe the\nbehaviour of quarks under gluon fields could be in principle applied to the\nquark-gluon plasma phase existing during the first instants of the Universe.\n" }, { "id": "7bd9d3da-005e-4e00-81f7-b5ae2678a4c6", "adv_source_id": "7bd9d3da-005e-4e00-81f7-b5ae2678a4c6", "source_id": "7bd9d3da-005e-4e00-81f7-b5ae2678a4c6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "SMBH Spherically Symmetric Accretion Regulated by Violent Star Formation\n Feedback", "prompt": null, "generation": " The mounting evidence for violent nuclear star formation in Seyfert galaxies\nhas led us to consider the hydrodynamics of the matter reinserted by massive\nstars through strong stellar winds and supernovae, under the presence of a\ncentral massive BH. We show that in all cases there is a bimodal solution\nstrongly weighted by the location of the stagnation radius (Rst), which splits\nthe star cluster into two different zones. Matter reinserted within the\nstagnation volume is to be accreted by the BH while its outer counterpart would\ncomposed a star cluster wind. The mechanical power of the latter, ensures that\nthere is no accretion of the ISM into the BH and thus the BH accretion and its\nluminosity is regulated by the star formation feedback. The location of the\nstagnation radius is a function of three parameters: the BH mass, the\nmechanical power (or mass) of the star formation event and the size of the star\nforming region. Here we present our self-consistent, stationary solution,\ndiscuss the accretion rates and BH luminosities and show that our model\npredicts the intrinsic link between the BH activity and the starburst\nparameters.\n" }, { "id": "0529ed80-15e0-440f-ac74-a75b26a5edab", "adv_source_id": "0529ed80-15e0-440f-ac74-a75b26a5edab", "source_id": "0529ed80-15e0-440f-ac74-a75b26a5edab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Summary of Bulk Dynamics from Quark Matter 2009", "prompt": null, "generation": " I review the recent progress in measuring elliptic flow in heavy ion\ncollisions. These measurements show clearly how hydrodynamics starts to develop\nas the system size is increased from peripheral to central collisions. During\nthis transition, the momentum range described by hydrodynamics increases as the\nsystem progresses from a kinetic to a hydrodynamic regime. Many of the\nsystematic deviations from ideal hydrodynamics are reproduced effortlessly once\nthe shear viscosity is included. In order to extract the shear viscosity from\nthe data, kinetic theory can be used to determine which aspects of the elliptic\nflow reflect the details of the microscopic interactions, and which aspects\nreflect the underlying transport coefficients. I also review the identified\nhadron elliptic flow and the predictions of hydrodynamics for the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "2970407b-73f0-4c84-bf8f-9b43d72b75f0", "adv_source_id": "2970407b-73f0-4c84-bf8f-9b43d72b75f0", "source_id": "2970407b-73f0-4c84-bf8f-9b43d72b75f0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Invariants, torsion indices and oriented cohomology of complete flags", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present notes we generalize the classical work of Demazure [Invariants\nsym\\'etriques entiers des groupes de Weyl et torsion] to arbitrary oriented\ncohomology theories and formal group laws. Let G be a split semisemiple linear\nalgebraic group over a field and let T be its split maximal torus. We construct\na generalized characteristic map relating the so called formal group ring of\nthe character group of T with the cohomology of the variety of Borel subgroups\nof G. The main result of the paper says that the kernel of this map is\ngenerated by W-invariant elements, where W is the Weyl group of G. As one of\nthe applications we provide an algorithm (realized as a Macaulau2 package)\nwhich can be used to compute the ring structure of an oriented cohomology\n(algebraic cobordism, Morava $K$-theories, connective K-theory, Chow groups,\nK_0, etc.) of a complete flag variety.\n" }, { "id": "0b6938bb-a75c-4a64-a247-798897f5a28f", "adv_source_id": "0b6938bb-a75c-4a64-a247-798897f5a28f", "source_id": "0b6938bb-a75c-4a64-a247-798897f5a28f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Undular bore theory for the Gardner equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop modulation theory for undular bores (dispersive shock waves) in\nthe framework of the Gardner, or extended Korteweg--de Vries, equation, which\nis a generic mathematical model for weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave\npropagation, when effects of higher order nonlinearity become important. Using\na reduced version of the finite-gap integration method we derive the\nGardner-Whitham modulation system in a Riemann invariant form and show that it\ncan be mapped onto the well-known modulation system for the Korteweg--de Vries\nequation. The transformation between the two counterpart modulation systems is,\nhowever, not invertible. As a result, the study of the resolution of an initial\ndiscontinuity for the Gardner equation reveals a rich phenomenology of\nsolutions which, along with the KdV type simple undular bores, include\nnonlinear trigonometric bores, solibores, rarefaction waves and composite\nsolutions representing various combinations of the above structures. We\nconstruct full parametric maps of such solutions for both signs of the cubic\nnonlinear term in the Gardner equation. Our classification is supported by\nnumerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "86bd1e72-7cbb-417a-aa34-9c11e2909794", "adv_source_id": "86bd1e72-7cbb-417a-aa34-9c11e2909794", "source_id": "86bd1e72-7cbb-417a-aa34-9c11e2909794", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On essential self-adjointness for magnetic Schroedinger and Pauli\n operators on the unit disc in R^2", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the question of magnetic confinement of quantum particles on the\nunit disk $\\ID$ in $\\IR^2$, i.e. we wish to achieve confinement solely by means\nof the growth of the magnetic field $B(\\vec x)$ near the boundary of the disk.\nIn the spinless case we show that $B(\\vec x)\\ge \\frac{\\sqrt\n3}{2}\\cdot\\frac{1}{(1-r)^2}-\\frac{1}{\\sqrt 3}\\frac{1}{(1-r)^2\\ln\n\\frac{1}{1-r}}$, for $|\\vec x|$ close to 1, insures the confinement provided we\nassume that the non-radially symmetric part of the magnetic field is not very\nsingular near the boundary. Both constants $\\frac{\\sqrt 3}{2}$ and\n$-\\frac{1}{\\sqrt 3}$ are optimal. This answers, in this context, an open\nquestion from Y. Colin de Verdi\\`ere and F. Truc. We also derive growth\nconditions for radially symmetric magnetic fields which lead to confinement of\nspin 1/2 particles.\n" }, { "id": "7f1321dc-2beb-425e-a46f-ac7a5297fff3", "adv_source_id": "7f1321dc-2beb-425e-a46f-ac7a5297fff3", "source_id": "7f1321dc-2beb-425e-a46f-ac7a5297fff3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermi momentum resolved charge order for spin disordered stripes", "prompt": null, "generation": " For a doped antiferromagnet with short-range spin stripe correlations and\nlong-range charge stripe order we find that the manifestation of charge order\nchanges abruptly as a function of momentum along the Fermi surface. The\ndisorder averaged local density of states is almost perfectly homogeneous when\nintegrated only over states which contribute to the ``nodal'' spectral weight\nwhereas it displays long range charge stripe order when integrated only over\nstates which contribute to the ``antinodal'' spectral weight. An effectively\ntwo dimensional nodal liquid can thus coexist with static charge stripes\nprovided there is no static spin order. We also study commensurate spin and\ncharge stripe ordered systems where the Fermi surface consists of a nodal hole\npocket and an open ``stripe band'' section. Due to the stripe order the\nrelation between hole density and size of a pocket will be reduced compared to\na paramagnet by a factor of two for even charge period and four for odd charge\nperiod and we find an estimated upper limit on the area fraction of a hole\npocket of 1.6% for charge period four and 4% for charge period five. We also\ndiscuss why electron pockets are not expected for a stripe ordered system and\nshow that the open Fermi surface section may be electron like with a negative\nHall coefficient.\n" }, { "id": "639c98be-a48a-4978-8635-380c05bb66ad", "adv_source_id": "639c98be-a48a-4978-8635-380c05bb66ad", "source_id": "639c98be-a48a-4978-8635-380c05bb66ad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improved Fast Similarity Search in Dictionaries", "prompt": null, "generation": " We engineer an algorithm to solve the approximate dictionary matching\nproblem. Given a list of words $\\mathcal{W}$, maximum distance $d$ fixed at\npreprocessing time and a query word $q$, we would like to retrieve all words\nfrom $\\mathcal{W}$ that can be transformed into $q$ with $d$ or less edit\noperations. We present data structures that support fault tolerant queries by\ngenerating an index. On top of that, we present a generalization of the method\nthat eases memory consumption and preprocessing time significantly. At the same\ntime, running times of queries are virtually unaffected. We are able to match\nin lists of hundreds of thousands of words and beyond within microseconds for\nreasonable distances.\n" }, { "id": "c7985944-9ded-48da-9080-2c2663d0235c", "adv_source_id": "c7985944-9ded-48da-9080-2c2663d0235c", "source_id": "c7985944-9ded-48da-9080-2c2663d0235c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Infra-quantum mechanics and critical examination of Bell's theorem on\n locality The principles of a revolution of epistemology revealed in the\n descriptions of microstates", "prompt": null, "generation": " This is an improved remake of a previous work submitted with the same title.\nAn epistemologicalphysical, strictly qualitative discipline, IQM (infra-quantum\nmechanics), is constructed independently of the mathematical formalism of QM.\nIQM emerges under exclusively the constraints imposed by: the cognitive\nsituation of a human being who decides to construct communicable and consensual\nknowledge on microstates; general requirements of human conceptualization. IMQ\nbrings into evidence how the mathematical formalism of QM manages to signify.\nIt explicates an integrated expression of a radically new type of descriptional\nform, transferred on the registering devices of macroscopic apparatuses and\nprimordially statistical. IMQ is then considered globally and its relations\nwith space, time, geometry, consensus, as well as with Einstein's theories, are\nspecified. It appears that: there exists an order of progressive\nconstructability of our conceptualizations of physical reality; this order\nwithstands inclusion of concepts constructed inside macroscopic physics, into\nthe primordial transferred representation of microstates; consequently the aim\nof directly unifying Einstein's theories, with QM, appears to be impossible.\nBell's theorem on locality expresses exclusively this impossibility. Causality\nappears to be a modelizing concept that cannot be implemented into our\nprimordial representations of physical entities.\n" }, { "id": "860f26de-58ff-4ec2-92e8-49e3454e1ce4", "adv_source_id": "860f26de-58ff-4ec2-92e8-49e3454e1ce4", "source_id": "860f26de-58ff-4ec2-92e8-49e3454e1ce4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effects of oxygen-reducing atmosphere annealing on LaMnO$_3$ epitaxial\n thin films", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigated the effects of annealing on LaMnO$_3$ epitaxial thin films\ngrown by pulsed laser deposition and propose an efficient method of\ncharacterizing their stoichiometry. Structural, magnetic, and optical\nproperties coherently indicate non-stoichiometric ferromagnetic and\nsemiconducting phases for as-grown LaMnO$_3$ films. By annealing in an\noxygen-reducing atmosphere, we recovered the antiferromagnetic and insulating\nphases of bulk-like stoichiometric LaMnO$_3$. We show that non-destructive\noptical spectroscopy at room temperature is one of the most convenient tools\nfor identifying the phases of LaMnO$_3$ films. Our results serve as a\nprerequisite in studying LaMnO$_3$ based heterostructures grown by pulsed laser\ndeposition.\n" }, { "id": "fc017da2-cd95-46b3-82d2-033192f144eb", "adv_source_id": "fc017da2-cd95-46b3-82d2-033192f144eb", "source_id": "fc017da2-cd95-46b3-82d2-033192f144eb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Diameter-dependent conductance of InAs nanowires", "prompt": null, "generation": " Electrical conductance through InAs nanowires is relevant for electronic\napplications as well as for fundamental quantum experiments. Here we employ\nnominally undoped, slightly tapered InAs nanowires to study the diameter\ndependence of their conductance. Contacting multiple sections of each wire, we\ncan study the diameter dependence within individual wires without the need to\ncompare different nanowire batches. At room temperature we find a\ndiameter-independent conductivity for diameters larger than 40 nm, indicative\nof three-dimensional diffusive transport. For smaller diameters, the resistance\nincreases considerably, in coincidence with a strong suppression of the\nmobility. From an analysis of the effective charge carrier density, we find\nindications for a surface accumulation layer.\n" }, { "id": "26bc94cf-262f-48c2-b514-6e00e1bc3c67", "adv_source_id": "26bc94cf-262f-48c2-b514-6e00e1bc3c67", "source_id": "26bc94cf-262f-48c2-b514-6e00e1bc3c67", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement and Evaluation of ENUM Server Performance", "prompt": null, "generation": " ENUM is a DNS-based protocol standard for mapping E.164 telephone numbers to\nInternet Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). It places unique requirements on\nthe existing DNS infrastructure, such as data scalability, query throughput,\nresponse time, and database update rates. This paper measures and evaluates the\nperformance of existing name server implementation as ENUM servers. We compared\nPowerDNS (PDNS), BIND and Navitas. Results show that BIND is not suitable for\nENUM due to its poor scaling property. Both PDNS and Navitas can serve ENUM.\nHowever, Navitas turns out to be highly optimized and clearly outperforms PDNS\nin all aspects we have tested. We also instrumented the PDNS server to identify\nits performance bottleneck and investigated ways to improve it.\n" }, { "id": "37083e3e-4e9f-4fc6-8d62-2a5a5506a7ef", "adv_source_id": "37083e3e-4e9f-4fc6-8d62-2a5a5506a7ef", "source_id": "37083e3e-4e9f-4fc6-8d62-2a5a5506a7ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Algorithmic Methods for Sponsored Search Advertising", "prompt": null, "generation": " Modern commercial Internet search engines display advertisements along side\nthe search results in response to user queries. Such sponsored search relies on\nmarket mechanisms to elicit prices for these advertisements, making use of an\nauction among advertisers who bid in order to have their ads shown for specific\nkeywords. We present an overview of the current systems for such auctions and\nalso describe the underlying game-theoretic aspects. The game involves three\nparties--advertisers, the search engine, and search users--and we present\nexample research directions that emphasize the role of each. The algorithms for\nbidding and pricing in these games use techniques from three mathematical\nareas: mechanism design, optimization, and statistical estimation. Finally, we\npresent some challenges in sponsored search advertising.\n" }, { "id": "8d62caf4-7b16-4f52-85c3-08d5e640bc42", "adv_source_id": "8d62caf4-7b16-4f52-85c3-08d5e640bc42", "source_id": "8d62caf4-7b16-4f52-85c3-08d5e640bc42", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multipair approach to pairing in nuclei", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ground state of a general pairing Hamiltonian for a finite nuclear system\nis constructed as a product of collective, real, distinct pairs. These are\ndetermined sequentially via an iterative variational procedure that resorts to\ndiagonalizations of the Hamiltonian in restricted model spaces. Different\napplications of the method are provided that include comparisons with exact and\nprojected BCS results. The quantities that are examined are correlation\nenergies, occupation numbers and pair transfer matrix elements. In a first\napplication within the picket-fence model, the method is seen to generate the\nexact ground state for pairing strengths confined in a given range. Further\napplications of the method concern pairing in spherically symmetric mean fields\nand include simple exactly solvable models as well as some realistic\ncalculations for middle-shell Sn isotopes. In the latter applications, two\ndifferent ways of defining the pairs are examined: either with J=0 or with no\nwell-defined angular momentum. The second choice reveals to be more effective\nleading, under some circumstances, to solutions that are basically exact.\n" }, { "id": "72e497c1-153c-4ed9-8859-c9c1ed213805", "adv_source_id": "72e497c1-153c-4ed9-8859-c9c1ed213805", "source_id": "72e497c1-153c-4ed9-8859-c9c1ed213805", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "People born in the Middle East but residing in the Netherlands:\n Invariant population size estimates and the role of active and passive\n covariates", "prompt": null, "generation": " Including covariates in loglinear models of population registers improves\npopulation size estimates for two reasons. First, it is possible to take\nheterogeneity of inclusion probabilities over the levels of a covariate into\naccount; and second, it allows subdivision of the estimated population by the\nlevels of the covariates, giving insight into characteristics of individuals\nthat are not included in any of the registers. The issue of whether or not\nmarginalizing the full table of registers by covariates over one or more\ncovariates leaves the estimated population size estimate invariant is\nintimately related to collapsibility of contingency tables [Biometrika 70\n(1983) 567-578]. We show that, with information from two registers, population\nsize invariance is equivalent to the simultaneous collapsibility of each margin\nconsisting of one register and the covariates. We give a short path\ncharacterization of the loglinear model which describes when marginalizing over\na covariate leads to different population size estimates. Covariates that are\ncollapsible are called passive, to distinguish them from covariates that are\nnot collapsible and are termed active. We make the case that it can be useful\nto include passive covariates within the estimation model, because they allow a\nfiner description of the population in terms of these covariates. As an example\nwe discuss the estimation of the population size of people born in the Middle\nEast but residing in the Netherlands.\n" }, { "id": "63f021bd-4e2c-48aa-a3b8-a7ed0574ec79", "adv_source_id": "63f021bd-4e2c-48aa-a3b8-a7ed0574ec79", "source_id": "63f021bd-4e2c-48aa-a3b8-a7ed0574ec79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Novel Modulation Techniques using Isomers as Messenger Molecules for\n Nano Communication Networks via Diffusion", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we propose three novel modulation techniques, i.e.,\nconcentration-based, molecular-type-based, and molecular-ratio-based, using\nisomers as messenger molecules for nano communication networks via diffusion.\nTo evaluate achievable rate performance, we compare the proposed tech- niques\nwith conventional insulin based concepts under practical scenarios. Analytical\nand numerical results confirm that the proposed modulation techniques using\nisomers achieve higher data transmission rate performance (max 7.5 dB\nsignal-to-noise ratio gain) than the insulin based concepts. We also\ninvestigate the tradeoff between messenger sizes and modulation orders and\nprovide guidelines for selecting from among several possible candidates.\n" }, { "id": "cc774338-9ab3-440f-8bf4-bd1727af5c1f", "adv_source_id": "cc774338-9ab3-440f-8bf4-bd1727af5c1f", "source_id": "cc774338-9ab3-440f-8bf4-bd1727af5c1f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Correlations in avalanche critical points", "prompt": null, "generation": " Avalanche dynamics and related power law statistics are ubiquitous in nature,\narising in phenomena like earthquakes, forest fires and solar flares. Very\ninterestingly, an analogous behavior is associated with many condensed matter\nsystems, like ferromagnets and martensites. Bearing it in mind, we study the\nprototypical 3D RFIM at T=0. We find a finite correlation between waiting\nintervals between avalanches and the previous avalanche size. This correlation\nis not found in other models for avalanches, such as the standard BTW model,\nbut it is experimentally found in earthquakes and in forest fires. Our study\nsuggests that this effect occurs in critical points which are at the end of an\nathermal first-order transition line separating two behaviors: one with high\nactivity from another with low activity.\n" }, { "id": "3ac6e803-5d54-46f9-a718-c10d24d003d6", "adv_source_id": "3ac6e803-5d54-46f9-a718-c10d24d003d6", "source_id": "3ac6e803-5d54-46f9-a718-c10d24d003d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A New Quadruply Lensed Quasar: SDSSJ125107.57+293540.5", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the discovery of a quadruply imaged quasar,\nSDSSJ125107.57+293540.5, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Follow-up\nimaging reveals that the system consists of four blue point-like components in\na typical cusp lens geometry surrounding a central red galaxy. The source\nredshift is 0.802 and the lens redshift is 0.410. The maximum image separation\nbetween the lensed components is 1\"79. While the image configuration is well\nreproduced by standard mass models with reasonable parameter values, the flux\nratios predicted by these models differ from the observed ratios in all bands.\nThis is suggestive of small-scale structures in this lens, although the\ndefinitive identification of the anomaly requires more accurate photometry and\nastrometry.\n" }, { "id": "21cf979f-4009-4937-81b4-711e7bda8f43", "adv_source_id": "21cf979f-4009-4937-81b4-711e7bda8f43", "source_id": "21cf979f-4009-4937-81b4-711e7bda8f43", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probing eV-scale axions with CAST", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have searched for solar axions or other pseudoscalar particles that couple\nto two photons by using the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) setup. Whereas we\npreviously have reported results from CAST with evacuated magnet bores (Phase\nI), setting limits on lower mass axions, here we report results from CAST where\nthe magnet bores were filled with \\hefour gas (Phase II) of variable pressure.\nThe introduction of gas generated a refractive photon mass $m_\\gamma$, thereby\nachieving the maximum possible conversion rate for those axion masses \\ma that\nmatch $m_\\gamma$. With 160 different pressure settings we have scanned \\ma up\nto about 0.4 eV, taking approximately 2 h of data for each setting. From the\nabsence of excess X-rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun, we set a\ntypical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of $\\gag\\lesssim 2.17\\times\n10^{-10} {\\rm GeV}^{-1}$ at 95% CL for $\\ma \\lesssim 0.4$ eV, the exact result\ndepending on the pressure setting. The excluded parameter range covers\nrealistic axion models with a Peccei-Quinn scale in the neighborhood of $f_{\\rm\na}\\sim10^{7}$ GeV. Currently in the second part of CAST Phase II, we are\nsearching for axions with masses up to about 1.2 eV using \\hethree as a buffer\ngas.\n" }, { "id": "5fe4e800-ff14-4f0f-9df6-16439284949d", "adv_source_id": "5fe4e800-ff14-4f0f-9df6-16439284949d", "source_id": "5fe4e800-ff14-4f0f-9df6-16439284949d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling in OWL 2 without Restrictions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Semantic Web ontology language OWL 2 DL comes with a variety of language\nfeatures that enable sophisticated and practically useful modeling. However,\nthe use of these features has been severely restricted in order to retain\ndecidability of the language. For example, OWL 2 DL does not allow a property\nto be both transitive and asymmetric, which would be desirable, e.g., for\nrepresenting an ancestor relation. In this paper, we argue that the so-called\nglobal restrictions of OWL 2 DL preclude many useful forms of modeling, by\nproviding a catalog of basic modeling patterns that would be available in OWL 2\nDL if the global restrictions were discarded. We then report on the results of\nevaluating several state-of-the-art OWL 2 DL reasoners on problems that use\ncombinations of features in a way that the global restrictions are violated.\nThe systems turn out to rely heavily on the global restrictions and are thus\nlargely incapable of coping with the modeling patterns. Next we show how\noff-the-shelf first-order logic theorem proving technology can be used to\nperform reasoning in the OWL 2 direct semantics, the semantics that underlies\nOWL 2 DL, but without requiring the global restrictions. Applying a naive\nproof-of-concept implementation of this approach to the test problems was\nsuccessful in all cases. Based on our observations, we make suggestions for\nfuture lines of research on expressive description logic-style OWL reasoning.\n" }, { "id": "e87dec4c-0b93-4c60-aba3-689748633dbb", "adv_source_id": "e87dec4c-0b93-4c60-aba3-689748633dbb", "source_id": "e87dec4c-0b93-4c60-aba3-689748633dbb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "General approach for studying first-order phase transitions at low\n temperatures", "prompt": null, "generation": " By combining different ideas, a general and efficient protocol to deal with\ndiscontinuous phase transitions at low temperatures is proposed. For small\n$T$'s, it is possible to derive a generic analytic expression for appropriate\norder parameters, whose coefficients are obtained from simple simulations. Once\nin such regimes simulations by standard algorithms are not reliable, an\nenhanced tempering method, the parallel tempering -- accurate for small and\nintermediate system sizes with rather low computational cost -- is used.\nFinally, from finite size analysis, one can obtain the thermodynamic limit. The\nprocedure is illustrated for four distinct models, demonstrating its power,\ne.g., to locate coexistence lines and the phases density at the coexistence.\n" }, { "id": "ac18b492-a605-4586-b50f-7bea17dbfcf4", "adv_source_id": "ac18b492-a605-4586-b50f-7bea17dbfcf4", "source_id": "ac18b492-a605-4586-b50f-7bea17dbfcf4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Particle production in p-p collisions at sqrt(s) = 17 GeV within the\n statistical model", "prompt": null, "generation": " A thermal-model analysis of particle production of p-p collisions at sqrt(s)\n= 17 GeV using the latest available data is presented. The sensitivity of model\nparameters on data selections and model assumptions is studied. The system-size\ndependence of thermal parameters and recent differences in the statistical\nmodel analysis of p-p collisions at the super proton synchrotron (SPS) are\ndiscussed. It is shown that the temperature and strangeness undersaturation\nfactor depend strongly on kaon yields which at present are still not well known\nexperimentally. It is conclude, that within the presently available data at the\nSPS it is rather unlikely that the temperature in p-p collisions exceeds\nsignificantly that expected in central collisions of heavy ions at the same\nenergy.\n" }, { "id": "fc0bd632-dde8-4c0f-a97b-b096b2a21a74", "adv_source_id": "fc0bd632-dde8-4c0f-a97b-b096b2a21a74", "source_id": "fc0bd632-dde8-4c0f-a97b-b096b2a21a74", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic structure of CrN: A comparison between different exchange\n correlation potentials", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report a series of electronic structure calculations for CrN using\ndifferent exchange correlation potentials: PBE, LDA+$U$, the Tran-Blaha\nmodified Becke-Johnson, and hybrid functionals. In every case, our calculations\nshow that the onset of magnetism in CrN should be accompanied by a gap opening.\nThe experimentally found antiferromagnetic order always leads to an insulating\nbehavior. Our results give further evidence that the Tran-Blaha functional is\nvery useful for treating the electronic structure of correlated semiconductors\nallowing a parameter free description of the system. Hybrid functionals are\nalso well capable of describing the electronic structure of CrN. The analysis\nof the system is complemented with our calculations of the thermopower that are\nin agreement with the experimental data.\n" }, { "id": "7a6479f9-cca2-462f-ac7a-f2449ccb48f7", "adv_source_id": "7a6479f9-cca2-462f-ac7a-f2449ccb48f7", "source_id": "7a6479f9-cca2-462f-ac7a-f2449ccb48f7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Network error correction for unit-delay, memory-free networks using\n convolutional codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " A single source network is said to be memory-free if all of the internal\nnodes (those except the source and the sinks) do not employ memory but merely\nsend linear combinations of the symbols received at their incoming edges on\ntheir outgoing edges. In this work, we introduce network-error correction for\nsingle source, acyclic, unit-delay, memory-free networks with coherent network\ncoding for multicast. A convolutional code is designed at the source based on\nthe network code in order to correct network-errors that correspond to any of a\ngiven set of error patterns, as long as consecutive errors are separated by a\ncertain interval which depends on the convolutional code selected. Bounds on\nthis interval and the field size required for constructing the convolutional\ncode with the required free distance are also obtained. We illustrate the\nperformance of convolutional network error correcting codes (CNECCs) designed\nfor the unit-delay networks using simulations of CNECCs on an example network\nunder a probabilistic error model.\n" }, { "id": "9879f076-1607-4ea6-8028-db093db8c857", "adv_source_id": "9879f076-1607-4ea6-8028-db093db8c857", "source_id": "9879f076-1607-4ea6-8028-db093db8c857", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Formation of the Galactic globular clusters with He-rich stars in\n low-mass halos virialized at high redshift", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent observations have reported that the Galactic globular clusters (GCs)\nwith unusually extended horizontal-branch (EHB) morphologies show a\nsignificantly lower velocity dispersion compared with that of the entire\nGalactic GC system. We consider that the observed distinctive kinematics of GCs\nwith EHB has valuable information on the formation epochs of GCs and\naccordingly discuss this observational result based on cosmological N-body\nsimulations with a model of GC formation. We assume that GCs in galaxies were\ninitially formed in low-mass halos at high redshifts and we investigate final\nkinematics of GCs in their host halos at $z=0$. We find that GCs formed in\nhalos virialized at z>10 show lower velocity dispersions on average than those\nformed at z>6 for halos with GCs at z=0. We thus suggest that the origin of the\nobserved lower velocity dispersion for the Galactic GCs with EHBs is closely\nassociated with earlier formation epochs (z>10) of halos initially hosting the\nGCs in the course of the Galaxy formation. Considering that the origin of EHBs\ncan be due to the presence of helium-enhanced second-generation stars in GCs,\nwe discuss the longstanding second parameter problem of GCs in the context of\ndifferent degrees of chemical pollution in GC-forming gas clouds within\nlow-mass halos virialized at different redshifts.\n" }, { "id": "012ee576-30c8-4204-8d89-646e2516512f", "adv_source_id": "012ee576-30c8-4204-8d89-646e2516512f", "source_id": "012ee576-30c8-4204-8d89-646e2516512f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interaction of modulated pulses in scalar multidimensional nonlinear\n lattices", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the macroscopic dynamics of sets of an arbitrary finite number\nof weakly amplitude-modulated pulses in a multidimensional lattice of\nparticles. The latter are assumed to exhibit scalar displacement under\npairwise, arbitrary-range, nonlinear interaction potentials and are embedded in\na nonlinear background field. By an appropriate multiscale ansatz, we derive\nformally the explicit evolution equations for the macroscopic amplitudes up to\nan arbitrarily high order of the scaling parameter, thereby deducing the\nresonance and non-resonance conditions on the fixed wave vectors and\nfrequencies of the pulses, which are required for that. The derived equations\nare justified rigorously in time intervals of macroscopic length. Finally, for\nsets up to three pulses we present a complete list of all possible interactions\nand discuss their ramifications for the corresponding, explicitly given\nmacroscopic systems.\n" }, { "id": "d75b29cf-f0fd-4387-bec9-397bab949884", "adv_source_id": "d75b29cf-f0fd-4387-bec9-397bab949884", "source_id": "d75b29cf-f0fd-4387-bec9-397bab949884", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "AWGN Channel Analysis of Terminated LDPC Convolutional Codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has previously been shown that ensembles of terminated protograph-based\nlow-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes have a typical minimum\ndistance that grows linearly with block length and that they are capable of\nachieving capacity approaching iterative decoding thresholds on the binary\nerasure channel (BEC). In this paper, we review a recent result that the\ndramatic threshold improvement obtained by terminating LDPC convolutional codes\nextends to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Also, using a\n(3,6)-regular protograph-based LDPC convolutional code ensemble as an example,\nwe perform an asymptotic trapping set analysis of terminated LDPC convolutional\ncode ensembles. In addition to capacity approaching iterative decoding\nthresholds and linearly growing minimum distance, we find that the smallest\nnon-empty trapping set of a terminated ensemble grows linearly with block\nlength.\n" }, { "id": "d2f549c2-99bf-4fe4-96a1-4a84a220657c", "adv_source_id": "d2f549c2-99bf-4fe4-96a1-4a84a220657c", "source_id": "d2f549c2-99bf-4fe4-96a1-4a84a220657c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Vortex as a probe - suggested measurement of the order parameter\n structure in iron-based superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Impurities, inevitably present in all samples, induce elastic transitions\nbetween quasiparticle states on the contours of constant energy. These\ntransitions may be seen in Fourier transformed scanning tunneling spectroscopy\nexperiments, sorted by their momentum transfer. In a superconductor, anomalous\nscattering in the pairing channel may be introduced by magnetic field. When a\nmagnetic field is applied, vortices act as additional sources of scattering.\nThese additional transition may enhance or suppress the impurity-induced\nscattering. We find that the vortex contribution to the transitions is\nsensitive to the momentum-space structure of the pairing function. In the\niron-based superconductors there are both electron and hole pockets at\ndifferent regions of the Brillouin zone. Scattering processes therefore\nrepresent intrapocket or interpocket transitions, depending on the momentum\ntransfer in the process. In this work we show that while in a simple s-wave\nsuperconductors all transitions are enhanced by vortex scattering, in an s+-\nsuperconductor only intra-pocket transitions are affected. We suggest this\neffect as a probe for the existence of the sign change of the order parameter.\n" }, { "id": "6c0e6612-dde0-4b39-b96d-ce5a13eeb1a0", "adv_source_id": "6c0e6612-dde0-4b39-b96d-ce5a13eeb1a0", "source_id": "6c0e6612-dde0-4b39-b96d-ce5a13eeb1a0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hypernova and Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants as TeV Unidentified Sources", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate hypernova (hyper-energetic supernova) and gamma-ray burst\n(GRB) remnants in our Galaxy as TeV gamma-ray sources, particularly in the role\nof potential TeV unidentified sources, which have no clear counterpart at other\nwavelengths. We show that the observed bright sources in the TeV sky could be\ndominated by GRB/hypernova remnants, even though they are fewer than supernova\nremnants (SNRs). If this is the case, TeV SNRs are more extended (and more\nnumerous) than deduced from current observations. In keeping with their role as\ncosmic ray accelerators, we discuss hadronic gamma-ray emission from pi^0\ndecay, from beta decay followed by inverse Compton emission, and propose a\nthird, novel process of TeV gamma-ray emission arising from the decay of\naccelerated radioactive isotopes such as 56Co entrained by relativistic or\nsemi-relativistic jets in GRBs/hypernovae. We discuss the relevant\nobservational signatures which could discriminate between these three\nmechanisms.\n" }, { "id": "dcb69812-157e-4ecd-8229-aa43141fdced", "adv_source_id": "dcb69812-157e-4ecd-8229-aa43141fdced", "source_id": "dcb69812-157e-4ecd-8229-aa43141fdced", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermodynamics of spin chains of Haldane-Shastry type and\n one-dimensional vertex models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the thermodynamic properties of spin chains of Haldane-Shastry type\nassociated with the A_{N-1} root system in the presence of a uniform external\nmagnetic field. To this end, we exactly compute the partition function of these\nmodels for an arbitrary finite number of spins. We then show that these chains\nare equivalent to a suitable inhomogeneous classical Ising model in a spatially\ndependent magnetic field, generalizing the results of Basu-Mallick et al. for\nthezero magnetic field case. Using the standard transfer matrix approach, we\nare able to compute in closed form the free energy per site in the\nthermodynamic limit. We perform a detailed analysis of the chains'\nthermodynamics in a unified way, with special emphasis on the zero field and\nzero temperature limits. Finally, we provide a novel interpretation of the\nthermodynamic quantities of spin chains of Haldane-Shastry type as weighted\naverages of the analogous quantities over an ensemble of classical Ising\nmodels.\n" }, { "id": "a6bcd49d-4290-4b27-b301-37a68f3c37f1", "adv_source_id": "a6bcd49d-4290-4b27-b301-37a68f3c37f1", "source_id": "a6bcd49d-4290-4b27-b301-37a68f3c37f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The stability of spectroscopic instruments: A unified Allan variance\n computation scheme", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Allan variance is a standard technique to characterise the stability of\nspectroscopic instruments used in astronomical observations. The period for\nswitching between source and reference measurement is often derived from the\nAllan minimum time.\n We propose a new approach for the computation of the Allan variance of\nspectrometer data combining the advantages of the two existing methods into a\nunified scheme. Using the Allan variance spectrum we derive the optimum\nstrategy for symmetric observing schemes minimising the total uncertainty of\nthe data resulting from radiometric and drift noise.\n The unified Allan variance computation scheme is designed to trace\ntotal-power and spectroscopic fluctuations within the same framework. The\nmethod includes an explicit error estimate both for the individual Allan\nvariance spectra and for the derived stability time. A new definition of the\ninstrument stability time allows to characterise the instrument even in the\ncase of a fluctuation spectrum shallower than 1/f, as measured for the total\npower fluctuations in high-electron-mobility transistors. We find a non-linear\nimpact of the binning of spectrometer channels on the resulting noise and the\nAllan time deviating from the description in existing theoretical treatments.\n" }, { "id": "4a3d4d97-e109-43a1-b992-bca44d3fcfae", "adv_source_id": "4a3d4d97-e109-43a1-b992-bca44d3fcfae", "source_id": "4a3d4d97-e109-43a1-b992-bca44d3fcfae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superintegrability and higher order polynomial algebras II", "prompt": null, "generation": " In an earlier article, we presented a method to obtain integrals of motion\nand polynomial algebras for a class of two-dimensional superintegrable systems\nfrom creation and annihilation operators. We discuss the general case and\npresent its polynomial algebra. We will show how this polynomial algebra can be\ndirectly realized as a deformed oscillator algebra. This particular algebraic\nstructure allows to find the unitary representations and the corresponding\nenergy spectrum. We apply this construction to a family of caged anisotropic\noscillators. The method can be used to generate new superintegrable systems\nwith higher order integrals. We obtain new superintegrable systems involving\nthe fourth Painleve transcendent and present their integrals of motion and\npolynomial algebras.\n" }, { "id": "61582d8f-5ffd-4405-96f8-fb48bb20df80", "adv_source_id": "61582d8f-5ffd-4405-96f8-fb48bb20df80", "source_id": "61582d8f-5ffd-4405-96f8-fb48bb20df80", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Legendrian Gronwall conjecture", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Gronwall conjecture states that a planar 3-web of foliations which admits\nmore than one distinct linearizations is locally equivalent to an algebraic\nweb. We propose an analogue of the Gronwall conjecture for the 3-web of\nfoliations by Legendrian curves in a contact three manifold. The Legendrian\nGronwall conjecture states that a Legendrian 3-web admits at most one distinct\nlocal linearization, with the only exception when it is locally equivalent to\nthe dual linear Legendrian 3-web of the Legendrian twisted cubic in $\\,\\PP^3$.\nWe give a partial answer to the conjecture in the affirmative for the class of\nLegendrian 3-webs of maximum rank. We also show that a linear Legendrian 3-web\nwhich is sufficiently flat at a reference point is rigid under local linear\nLegendrian deformation.\n" }, { "id": "2f1a4dc6-a4d8-4a7e-ab76-4abfd679d296", "adv_source_id": "2f1a4dc6-a4d8-4a7e-ab76-4abfd679d296", "source_id": "2f1a4dc6-a4d8-4a7e-ab76-4abfd679d296", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Computational modeling of neuronal networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Human brain contains about 10 billion neurons, each of which has about\n10~10,000 nerve endings from which neurotransmitters are released in response\nto incoming spikes, and the released neurotransmitters then bind to receptors\nlocated in the postsynaptic neurons. However, individually, neurons are noisy\nand synaptic release is in general unreliable. But groups of neurons that are\narranged in specialized modules can collectively perform complex information\nprocessing tasks robustly and reliably. How functionally groups of neurons\nperform behavioural related tasks crucial rely on a coherent organization of\ndynamics from membrane ionic kinetics to synaptic coupling of the network and\ndynamics of rhythmic oscillations that are tightly linked to behavioural state.\n To capture essential features of the biological system at multiple\nspatial-temporal scales, it is important to construct a suitable computational\nmodel that is closely or solely based on experimental data. Depending on what\none wants to understand, these models can either be very functional and\nbiologically realistic descriptions with thousands of coupled differential\nequations (Hodgkin-Huxley type) or greatly simplified caricatures\n(integrate-and-fire type) which are useful for studying large interconnected\nnetworks.\n" }, { "id": "e2baa032-4695-4116-8765-93a87680e24a", "adv_source_id": "e2baa032-4695-4116-8765-93a87680e24a", "source_id": "e2baa032-4695-4116-8765-93a87680e24a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantization of Midisuperspace Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a comprehensive review of the quantization of midisuperspace models.\nThough the main focus of the paper is on quantum aspects, we also provide an\nintroduction to several classical points related to the definition of these\nmodels. We cover some important issues, in particular, the use of the principle\nof symmetric criticality as a very useful tool to obtain the required\nHamiltonian formulations. Two main types of reductions are discussed: those\ninvolving metrics with two Killing vector fields and spherically symmetric\nmodels. We also review the more general models obtained by coupling matter\nfields to these systems. Throughout the paper we give separate discussions for\nstandard quantizations using geometrodynamical variables and those relying on\nloop quantum gravity inspired methods.\n" }, { "id": "e649afb2-4936-495a-860c-d1ab21711250", "adv_source_id": "e649afb2-4936-495a-860c-d1ab21711250", "source_id": "e649afb2-4936-495a-860c-d1ab21711250", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Side-jumps in the spin-Hall effect: construction of the Boltzmann\n collision integral", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a systematic derivation of the side-jump contribution to the\nspin-Hall current in systems without band structure spin-orbit interactions,\nfocusing on the construction of the collision integral for the Boltzmann\nequation. Starting from the quantum Liouville equation for the density operator\nwe derive an equation describing the dynamics of the density matrix in the\nfirst Born approximation and to first order in the driving electric field.\nElastic scattering requires conservation of the total energy, including the\nspin-orbit interaction energy with the electric field: this results in a first\ncorrection to the customary collision integral found in the Born approximation.\nA second correction is due to the change in the carrier position during\ncollisions. It stems from the part of the density matrix off-diagonal in wave\nvector. The two corrections to the collision integral add up and are\nresponsible for the total side-jump contribution to the spin-Hall current. The\nspin-orbit-induced correction to the velocity operator also contains terms\ndiagonal and off-diagonal in momentum space, which together involve the total\nforce acting on the system. This force is explicitly shown to vanish (on the\naverage) in the steady state: thus the total contribution to the spin-Hall\ncurrent due to the additional terms in the velocity operator is zero.\n" }, { "id": "26286ed9-39f4-4070-915d-c4dc74ce6dc7", "adv_source_id": "26286ed9-39f4-4070-915d-c4dc74ce6dc7", "source_id": "26286ed9-39f4-4070-915d-c4dc74ce6dc7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectral Theory of the Riemann Zeta-Function: Chapter 6: Appendix", "prompt": null, "generation": " The main aim of this article is to develop, in a fully detailed fashion, a\n{\\bf unified} theory of the spectral theory of mean values of individual\nautomorphic L-functions which is a natural extension of the fourth moment of\nthe Riemann zeta-function but does not admit any analogous argument and\nrequires a genuinely new method. Thus we first develop a relatively\nself-contained account of the theory of automorphic representations, especially\nhighlighting the Kirillov model, with which we resolve the problem on the mean\nvalue of those L-functions. As another reward, we gain a geometrical\nunderstanding of sum formulas involving Kloosterman sums, which is in fact a\nconsiderably simplified account of Cogdell-Piatetski-Shapiro's method. Our\nreasoning is quite explicit in contrast to theirs.\n" }, { "id": "45a5c083-1d9d-4ea2-b8a1-eff7c961e02b", "adv_source_id": "45a5c083-1d9d-4ea2-b8a1-eff7c961e02b", "source_id": "45a5c083-1d9d-4ea2-b8a1-eff7c961e02b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fluctuations and Correlations of Conserved Charges near the QCD Critical\n Point", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges, i.e. the\nbaryon number, electric charge and the strangeness at finite temperature and\nnonzero baryon chemical potential with an effective model. The fluctuations are\ncalculated up to the fourth-order and the correlations to the third-order. We\nfind that the second-order fluctuations and correlations have a peak or valley\nstructure when the chiral phase transition takes place with the increase of the\nbaryon chemical potential; the third-order fluctuations and correlations change\ntheir signs during the chiral phase transition and the fourth-order\nfluctuations have two maximum and one minimum. we also depict contour plots of\nvarious fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges in the plane of\ntemperature and baryon chemical potential. We find that higher order\nfluctuations and correlations of conserved charges are superior to the\nsecond-order ones to be used to search for the critical point in heavy ion\ncollision experiments.\n" }, { "id": "2b4a414d-d47f-4f99-8a1f-e11c2cf15d69", "adv_source_id": "2b4a414d-d47f-4f99-8a1f-e11c2cf15d69", "source_id": "2b4a414d-d47f-4f99-8a1f-e11c2cf15d69", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "1+1+2 gravitational perturbations on LRS class II space-times:\n Decoupling GEM tensor harmonic amplitudes", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper considers gauge-invariant and covariant gravitational\nperturbations on arbitrary vacuum locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) class II\nspace-times. Ultimately, we derive four decoupled equations governing four\nspecific combinations of the gravito-electromagnetic (GEM) 2-tensor harmonic\namplitudes. We use the gauge-invariant and covariant 1+1+2 formalism which\nClarkson and Barrett developed for analysis of vacuum Schwarzschild\nperturbations. In particular we focus on the first-order 1+1+2 GEM system and\nuse linear algebra techniques suitable for exploiting its structure.\nConsequently, we express the GEM system new 1+1+2 complex form by choosing new\ncomplex GEM tensors, which is conducive to decoupling. We then show how to\nderive a gauge-invariant and covariant decoupled equation governing a newly\ndefined complex GEM 2-tensor. Finally, the GEM 2-tensor is expanded in terms of\narbitrary tensor harmonics and linear algebra is used once again to decouple\nthe system further into 4 real decoupled equations.\n" }, { "id": "68b5d887-3c40-49d1-b4c6-23e7b1e2b069", "adv_source_id": "68b5d887-3c40-49d1-b4c6-23e7b1e2b069", "source_id": "68b5d887-3c40-49d1-b4c6-23e7b1e2b069", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Three Millisecond Pulsars in FERMI LAT Unassociated Bright Sources", "prompt": null, "generation": " We searched for radio pulsars in 25 of the non-variable, unassociated sources\nin the Fermi LAT Bright Source List with the Green Bank Telescope at 820 MHz.\nWe report the discovery of three radio and gamma-ray millisecond pulsars (MSPs)\nfrom a high Galactic latitude subset of these sources. All of the pulsars are\nin binary systems, which would have made them virtually impossible to detect in\nblind gamma-ray pulsation searches. They seem to be relatively normal, nearby\n(<=2 kpc) millisecond pulsars. These observations, in combination with the\nFermi detection of gamma-rays from other known radio MSPs, imply that most, if\nnot all, radio MSPs are efficient gamma-ray producers. The gamma-ray spectra of\nthe pulsars are power-law in nature with exponential cutoffs at a few GeV, as\nhas been found with most other pulsars. The MSPs have all been detected as\nX-ray point sources. Their soft X-ray luminosities of ~10^{30-31} erg/s are\ntypical of the rare radio MSPs seen in X-rays.\n" }, { "id": "2da18f91-f95d-4ed0-93b6-1ae4cc9c307f", "adv_source_id": "2da18f91-f95d-4ed0-93b6-1ae4cc9c307f", "source_id": "2da18f91-f95d-4ed0-93b6-1ae4cc9c307f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interval Temporal Logics over Strongly Discrete Linear Orders: the\n Complete Picture", "prompt": null, "generation": " Interval temporal logics provide a general framework for temporal reasoning\nabout interval structures over linearly ordered domains, where intervals are\ntaken as the primitive ontological entities. In this paper, we identify all\nfragments of Halpern and Shoham's interval temporal logic HS with a decidable\nsatisfiability problem over the class of strongly discrete linear orders. We\nclassify them in terms of both their relative expressive power and their\ncomplexity. We show that there are exactly 44 expressively different decidable\nfragments, whose complexity ranges from NP to EXPSPACE. In addition, we\nidentify some new undecidable fragments (all the remaining HS fragments were\nalready known to be undecidable over strongly discrete linear orders). We\nconclude the paper by an analysis of the specific case of natural numbers,\nwhose behavior slightly differs from that of the whole class of strongly\ndiscrete linear orders. The number of decidable fragments over natural numbers\nraises up to 47: three undecidable fragments become decidable with a\nnon-primitive recursive complexity.\n" }, { "id": "320c54c6-0294-4d74-b354-7ed0e048fd6d", "adv_source_id": "320c54c6-0294-4d74-b354-7ed0e048fd6d", "source_id": "320c54c6-0294-4d74-b354-7ed0e048fd6d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Splitting vector bundles and A^1-fundamental groups of higher\n dimensional varieties", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study aspects of the A^1-homotopy classification problem in dimensions >=\n3 and, to this end, we investigate the problem of computing A^1-homotopy groups\nof some A^1-connected smooth varieties of dimension >=. Using these\ncomputations, we construct pairs of A^1-connected smooth proper varieties all\nof whose A^1-homotopy groups are abstractly isomorphic, yet which are not\nA^1-weakly equivalent. The examples come from pairs of Zariski locally trivial\nprojective space bundles over projective spaces and are of the smallest\npossible dimension.\n Projectivizations of vector bundles give rise to A^1-fiber sequences, and\nwhen the base of the fibration is an A^1-connected smooth variety, the\nassociated long exact sequence of A^1-homotopy groups can be analyzed in\ndetail. In the case of the projectivization of a rank 2 vector bundle, the\nstructure of the A^1-fundamental group depends on the splitting behavior of the\nvector bundle via a certain obstruction class. For projective bundles of vector\nbundles of rank >=, the A^1-fundamental group is insensitive to the splitting\nbehavior of the vector bundle, but the structure of higher A^1-homotopy groups\nis influenced by an appropriately defined higher obstruction class.\n" }, { "id": "a7759c24-a9f7-4817-884f-d4285511a81f", "adv_source_id": "a7759c24-a9f7-4817-884f-d4285511a81f", "source_id": "a7759c24-a9f7-4817-884f-d4285511a81f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Elastic $\\rm{p\\bar p}$ Scattering Amplitude at 1.8 TeV and Determination\n of Total Cross Section", "prompt": null, "generation": " The data on p$\\mathrm{\\bar p}$ elastic scattering at 1.8 and 1.96 TeV are\nanalysed in terms of real and imaginary amplitudes, in a treatment with high\naccuracy, covering the whole t-range and satisfying the expectation of\ndispersion relation for amplitudes and for slopes. A method is introduced for\ndetermination of the total cross section and the other forward scattering\nparameters and to check compatibility of E-710, CDF and the recent D0 data.\nSlopes $B_R$ and $ B_I$ of the real and imaginary amplitudes, treated as\nindependent quantities, influence the amplitudes in the whole t-range and are\nimportant for the determination of the total cross section. The amplitudes are\nfully constructed, and a prediction is made of a marked dip in $ d\\sigma/dt$ in\nthe $|t|$ range 3 - 5 GeV$^2$ due to the universal contribution of the process\nof three gluon exchange.\n" }, { "id": "f73ec83a-6502-4c7c-a382-c12f6591f54d", "adv_source_id": "f73ec83a-6502-4c7c-a382-c12f6591f54d", "source_id": "f73ec83a-6502-4c7c-a382-c12f6591f54d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The non-commutative scheme having a free algebra as a homogeneous\n coordinate ring", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let k be a field and TV the tensor algebra on a k-vector space V of dimension\nn>1. This paper proves that the quotient category QGr(TV) := Gr(TV)/Fdim of\ngraded TV-modules modulo those that are unions of finite dimensional modules is\nequivalent to the category of modules over the direct limit of matrix algebras,\nM_n(k)^{\\otimes r}. QGr(TV) is viewed as the category of \"quasi-coherent\nsheaves\" on the non-commutative scheme Proj(TV). The subcategory qgr(TV)\nconsisting of the finitely presented objects is viewed as the category of\ncoherent sheaves on Proj(TV). We show qgr(TV) has no indecomposable objects, no\nnoetherian objects, and no simple objects. Moreover, every short exact sequence\nin qgr(TV) splits. The equivalence of categories result can be interpreted as\nsaying that Proj(TV) is an \"affine non-commutative scheme\".\n" }, { "id": "ab0ab08a-b382-4086-843a-a42a1dc93cec", "adv_source_id": "ab0ab08a-b382-4086-843a-a42a1dc93cec", "source_id": "ab0ab08a-b382-4086-843a-a42a1dc93cec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cold gas as an ice diagnostic toward low mass protostars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Up to 90% of the chemical reactions during star formation occurs on ice\nsurfaces, probably including the formation of complex organics. Only the most\nabundant ice species are however observed directly by infrared spectroscopy.\nThis study aims to develop an indirect observational method of ices based on\nnon-thermal ice desorption in the colder part of protostellar envelopes. For\nthat purpose the IRAM 30m telescope was employed to observe two molecules that\ncan be detected both in the gas and the ice, CH3 OH and HNCO, toward 4 low mass\nembedded protostars. Their respective gas-phase column densities are determined\nusing rotational diagrams. The relationship between ice and gas phase\nabundances is subsequently determined. The observed gas and ice abundances span\nseveral orders of magnitude. Most of the CH3OH and HNCO gas along the lines of\nsight is inferred to be quiescent from the measured line widths and the derived\nexcitation temperatures, and hence not affected by thermal desorption close to\nthe protostar or in outflow shocks. The measured gas to ice ratio of ~10-4\nagrees well with model predictions for non-thermal desorption under cold\nenvelope conditions and there is a tentative correlation between ice and gas\nphase abundances. This indicates that non-thermal desorption products can serve\nas a signature of the ice composition. A larger sample is however necessary to\nprovide a conclusive proof of concept.\n" }, { "id": "148b77dc-1b20-410f-b151-ca2baabac81e", "adv_source_id": "148b77dc-1b20-410f-b151-ca2baabac81e", "source_id": "148b77dc-1b20-410f-b151-ca2baabac81e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Sustainability Solution to the Fermi Paradox", "prompt": null, "generation": " No present observations suggest a technologically advanced extraterrestrial\nintelligence (ETI) has spread through the galaxy. However, under commonplace\nassumptions about galactic civilization formation and expansion, this absence\nof observation is highly unlikely. This improbability is the heart of the Fermi\nParadox. The Fermi Paradox leads some to conclude that humans have the only\nadvanced civilization in this galaxy, either because civilization formation is\nvery rare or because intelligent civilizations inevitably destroy themselves.\nIn this paper, we argue that this conclusion is premature by introducing the\n\"Sustainability Solution\" to the Fermi Paradox, which questions the Paradox's\nassumption of faster (e.g. exponential) civilization growth. Drawing on\ninsights from the sustainability of human civilization on Earth, we propose\nthat faster-growth may not be sustainable on the galactic scale. If this is the\ncase, then there may exist ETI that have not expanded throughout the galaxy or\nhave done so but collapsed. These possibilities have implications for both\nsearches for ETI and for human civilization management.\n" }, { "id": "aa027893-12e1-4c5d-bae2-401da275288e", "adv_source_id": "aa027893-12e1-4c5d-bae2-401da275288e", "source_id": "aa027893-12e1-4c5d-bae2-401da275288e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Uniform decision problems and abstract properties of small overlap\n monoids", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the way in which the abstract structure of a small overlap monoid is\nreflected in, and may be algorithmically deduced from, a small overlap\npresentation. We show that every C(2) monoid admits an essentially canonical\nC(2) presentation; by counting canonical presentations we obtain asymptotic\nestimates for the number of non-isomorphic monoids admitting a-generator,\nk-relation presentations of a given length. We demonstrate an algorithm to\ntransform an arbitrary presentation for a C(m) monoid (m at least 2) into a\ncanonical C(m) presentation, and a solution to the isomorphism problem for C(2)\npresentations. We also find a simple combinatorial condition on a C(4)\npresentation which is necessary and sufficient for the monoid presented to be\nleft cancellative. We apply this to obtain algorithms to decide if a given C(4)\nmonoid is left cancellative, right cancellative or cancellative, and to show\nthat cancellativity properties are asymptotically visible in the sense of\ngeneric-case complexity.\n" }, { "id": "9bf2bec5-591c-49cb-9c17-2548c0dae288", "adv_source_id": "9bf2bec5-591c-49cb-9c17-2548c0dae288", "source_id": "9bf2bec5-591c-49cb-9c17-2548c0dae288", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Roy-Steiner equations for pion-nucleon scattering", "prompt": null, "generation": " Starting from hyperbolic dispersion relations, we derive a closed system of\nRoy-Steiner equations for pion-nucleon scattering that respects analyticity,\nunitarity, and crossing symmetry. We work out analytically all kernel functions\nand unitarity relations required for the lowest partial waves. In order to\nsuppress the dependence on the high-energy regime we also consider once- and\ntwice-subtracted versions of the equations, where we identify the subtraction\nconstants with subthreshold parameters. Assuming Mandelstam analyticity we\ndetermine the maximal range of validity of these equations. As a first step\ntowards the solution of the full system we cast the equations for the\n$\\pi\\pi\\to\\bar NN$ partial waves into the form of a Muskhelishvili-Omn\\`es\nproblem with finite matching point, which we solve numerically in the\nsingle-channel approximation. We investigate in detail the role of individual\ncontributions to our solutions and discuss some consequences for the spectral\nfunctions of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors.\n" }, { "id": "b123082d-1b3e-4826-819d-0a9201e7e477", "adv_source_id": "b123082d-1b3e-4826-819d-0a9201e7e477", "source_id": "b123082d-1b3e-4826-819d-0a9201e7e477", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Stratum Approach to Global Stability of Complex Balanced Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has long been known that complex balanced mass-action systems exhibit a\nrestrictive form of behaviour known as locally stable dynamics. This means that\nwithin each compatibility class $\\mathcal{C}_{\\mathbf{x}_0}$---the forward\ninvariant space where solutions lies---there is exactly one equilibrium\nconcentration and that this concentration is locally asymptotically stable. It\nhas also been conjectured that this stability extends globally to\n$\\mathcal{C}_{\\mathbf{x}_0}$. That is to say, all solutions originating in\n$\\mathcal{C}_{\\mathbf{x}_0}$ approach the unique positive equilibrium\nconcentration rather than $\\partial \\mathcal{C}_{\\mathbf{x}_0}$ or $\\infty$. To\ndate, however, no general proof of this conjecture has been found.\n In this paper, we approach the problem of global stability for complex\nbalanced systems through the methodology of dividing the positive orthant into\nregions called strata. This methodology has been previously applied to detailed\nbalanced systems---a proper subset of complex balanced systems---to show that,\nwithin a stratum, trajectories are repelled from any face of $\\mathbb{R}_{\\geq\n0}^m$ adjacent to the stratum. Several known global stability results for\ndetailed balanced systems are generalized to complex balanced systems.\n" }, { "id": "70e8ca4c-d714-4305-b3b2-4144b7e0c81a", "adv_source_id": "70e8ca4c-d714-4305-b3b2-4144b7e0c81a", "source_id": "70e8ca4c-d714-4305-b3b2-4144b7e0c81a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chern-Simons line bundle on Teichm\\\"uller space", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $X$ be a non-compact geometrically finite hyperbolic 3-manifold without\ncusps of rank 1. The deformation space $\\mc{H}$ of $X$ can be identified with\nthe Teichm\\\"uller space $\\mc{T}$ of the conformal boundary of $X$ as the graph\nof a section in $T^*\\mc{T}$. We construct a Hermitian holomorphic line bundle\n$\\mc{L}$ on $\\mc{T}$, with curvature equal to a multiple of the Weil-Petersson\nsymplectic form. This bundle has a canonical holomorphic section defined by\n$e^{\\frac{1}{\\pi}{\\rm Vol}_R(X)+2\\pi i\\CS(X)}$ where ${\\rm Vol}_R(X)$ is the\nrenormalized volume of $X$ and $\\CS(X)$ is the Chern-Simons invariant of $X$.\nThis section is parallel on $\\mc{H}$ for the Hermitian connection modified by\nthe $(1,0)$ component of the Liouville form on $T^*\\mc{T}$. As applications, we\ndeduce that $\\mc{H}$ is Lagrangian in $T^*\\mc{T}$, and that ${\\rm Vol}_R(X)$ is\na K\\\"ahler potential for the Weil-Petersson metric on $\\mc{T}$ and on its\nquotient by a certain subgroup of the mapping class group. For the Schottky\nuniformisation, we use a formula of Zograf to construct an explicit isomorphism\nof holomorphic Hermitian line bundles between $\\mc{L}^{-1}$ and the sixth power\nof the determinant line bundle.\n" }, { "id": "93c917c5-e902-498f-94ad-828e6e5342ab", "adv_source_id": "93c917c5-e902-498f-94ad-828e6e5342ab", "source_id": "93c917c5-e902-498f-94ad-828e6e5342ab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orbifold cohomology of abelian symplectic reductions and the case of\n weighted projective spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " These notes accompany a lecture about the topology of symplectic (and other)\nquotients. The aim is two-fold: first to advertise the ease of computation in\nthe symplectic category; and second to give an account of some new computations\nfor weighted projective spaces. We start with a brief exposition of how\norbifolds arise in the symplectic category, and discuss the techniques used to\nunderstand their topology. We then show how these results can be used to\ncompute the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology ring of abelian symplectic\nreductions. We conclude by comparing the several rings associated to a weighted\nprojective space. We make these computations directly, avoiding any mention of\na stacky fan or of a labeled moment polytope.\n" }, { "id": "6c700843-124e-4a9c-8cf6-538c84f8ae71", "adv_source_id": "6c700843-124e-4a9c-8cf6-538c84f8ae71", "source_id": "6c700843-124e-4a9c-8cf6-538c84f8ae71", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High-Order Coupled Cluster Method Study of Frustrated and Unfrustrated\n Quantum Magnets in External Magnetic Fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " We apply the coupled cluster method (CCM) in order to study the ground-state\nproperties of the (unfrustrated) square-lattice and (frustrated)\ntriangular-lattice spin-half Heisenberg antiferromagnets in the presence of\nexternal magnetic fields. Here we determine and solve the basic CCM equations\nby using the localised approximation scheme commonly referred to as the\n`LSUB$m$' approximation scheme and we carry out high-order calculations by\nusing intensive computational methods. We calculate the ground-state energy,\nthe uniform susceptibility, the total (lattice) magnetisation and the local\n(sublattice) magnetisations as a function of the magnetic field strength. Our\nresults for the lattice magnetisation of the square-lattice case compare well\nto those results of QMC for all values of the applied external magnetic field.\nWe find a value for magnetic susceptibility of $\\chi=0.070$ for the\nsquare-lattice antiferromagnet, which is also in agreement with the results of\nother approximate methods (e.g., $\\chi=0.0669$ via QMC). Our estimate for the\nrange of the extent of the ($M/M_s=$)$\\frac 13$ magnetisation plateau for the\ntriangular-lattice antiferromagnet is $1.37< \\lambda < 2.15$, which is in good\nagreement with results of spin-wave theory ($1.248 < \\lambda < 2.145$) and\nexact diagonalisations ($1.38 < \\lambda < 2.16$). The CCM value for the\nin-plane magnetic susceptibility per site is $\\chi=0.065$, which is below the\nresult of the spin-wave theory (evaluated to order 1/S) of $\\chi_{SWT}=0.0794$.\n" }, { "id": "e615e188-be59-4e09-964e-dfc10dafad39", "adv_source_id": "e615e188-be59-4e09-964e-dfc10dafad39", "source_id": "e615e188-be59-4e09-964e-dfc10dafad39", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for double charmonium decays of the P-wave spin-triplet\n bottomonium states", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using a sample of 158 million $\\Upsilon(2S)$ events collected with the Belle\ndetector, we search for the first time for double charmonium decays of the\n$P$-wave spin-triplet bottomonium states ($\\Upsilon(2S) \\to \\gamma \\chi_{bJ}$,\n$\\chi_{bJ} \\to \\jpsi \\jpsi$, $\\jpsi \\psp$, $\\psp \\psp$ for J=0, 1, and 2). No\nsignificant $\\chi_{bJ}$ signal is observed in the double charmonium mass\nspectra, and we obtain the following upper limits, $\\BR(\\chi_{bJ} \\to \\jpsi\n\\jpsi)<7.1\\times 10^{-5}$, $2.7\\times 10^{-5}$, $4.5\\times 10^{-5}$,\n$\\BR(\\chi_{bJ} \\to \\jpsi \\psp)<1.2\\times 10^{-4}$, $1.7\\times 10^{-5}$,\n$4.9\\times 10^{-5}$, $\\BR(\\chi_{bJ} \\to \\psp \\psp)<3.1\\times 10^{-5}$,\n$6.2\\times 10^{-5}$, $1.6\\times 10^{-5}$ for J=0, 1, and 2, respectively, at\nthe 90% confidence level. These limits are significantly lower than the central\nvalues (with uncertainties of 50% to 70%) predicted using the light cone\nformalism but are consistent with calculations using the NRQCD factorization\napproach.\n" }, { "id": "d2b896d5-9476-4dde-bc1d-f7bdc4403426", "adv_source_id": "d2b896d5-9476-4dde-bc1d-f7bdc4403426", "source_id": "d2b896d5-9476-4dde-bc1d-f7bdc4403426", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Incoherent diffractive J/Psi-production in high energy nuclear DIS", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute cross sections for incoherent diffractive J/Psi production in\nlepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering. The cross section is proportional to\nA in the dilute limit and to A^(1/3) in the black disc limit, with a large\nnuclear suppression due to saturation effects. The t-dependence of the cross\nsection, if it can be measured accurately enough, is sensitive to the impact\nparameter profile of the gluons in the nucleus and their fluctuations, a\nquantity that determines the initial conditions of a relativistic heavy ion\ncollision. The nuclear suppression in incoherent diffraction shows how the\ntransverse spatial distribution of the gluons in the nucleus gradually becomes\nsmoother at high energy. Since the values of the momentum transfer |t| involved\nare relatively large, this process should be easier to measure in future\nnuclear DIS experiments than coherent diffraction.\n" }, { "id": "c631558c-d282-43f9-b55d-28e76041dbe1", "adv_source_id": "c631558c-d282-43f9-b55d-28e76041dbe1", "source_id": "c631558c-d282-43f9-b55d-28e76041dbe1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Impact of degree heterogeneity on the behavior of trapping in Koch\n networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Previous work shows that the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for random walks\nto a given hub node (node with maximum degree) in uncorrelated random\nscale-free networks is closely related to the exponent $\\gamma$ of power-law\ndegree distribution $P(k)\\sim k^{-\\gamma}$, which describes the extent of\nheterogeneity of scale-free network structure. However, extensive empirical\nresearch indicates that real networked systems also display ubiquitous degree\ncorrelations. In this paper, we address the trapping issue on the Koch\nnetworks, which is a special random walk with one trap fixed at a hub node. The\nKoch networks are power-law with the characteristic exponent $\\gamma$ in the\nrange between 2 and 3, they are either assortative or disassortative. We\ncalculate exactly the MFPT that is the average of first-passage time from all\nother nodes to the trap. The obtained explicit solution shows that in large\nnetworks the MFPT varies lineally with node number $N$, which is obviously\nindependent of $\\gamma$ and is sharp contrast to the scaling behavior of MFPT\nobserved for uncorrelated random scale-free networks, where $\\gamma$ influences\nqualitatively the MFPT of trapping problem.\n" }, { "id": "cb483e6c-db1e-4fb3-8ff7-8063b608fef4", "adv_source_id": "cb483e6c-db1e-4fb3-8ff7-8063b608fef4", "source_id": "cb483e6c-db1e-4fb3-8ff7-8063b608fef4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Holographic Renormalization of Asymptotically Flat Gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute the boundary stress tensor associated with Mann-Marolf counterterm\nin asymptotic flat and static spacetime for cylindrical boundary surface as $r\n\\rightarrow \\infty$, and find that the form of the boundary stress tensor is\nthe same as the hyperbolic boundary case in 4 dimensions, but has additional\nterms in higher than 4 dimensions. We find that these additional terms are\nimpotent and do not contribute to conserved charges. We also check the\nconservation of the boundary stress tensor in a sense that $\\mathcal{D}^a\nT_{ab} = 0$, and apply our result to the ($n+3$)-dimensional static black hole\nsolution. As a result, we show that the stress boundary tensor with Mann-Marolf\ncounterterm works well in standard boundary surfaces.\n" }, { "id": "e7970917-ddb6-4cf2-9c01-5405acbe29c0", "adv_source_id": "e7970917-ddb6-4cf2-9c01-5405acbe29c0", "source_id": "e7970917-ddb6-4cf2-9c01-5405acbe29c0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strange atoms, strange nuclei and kaon condensation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Analyses of comprehensive sets of strong-interaction data consisting of level\nshifts, widths and yields in strange atoms of K mesons and Sigma hyperons are\nreviewed. The introduction of density dependent optical potentials, in both\ncases, improves significantly the fit to the data. A strongly attractive\nantikaon-nuclear potential of order 150-200 MeV in nuclear matter is suggested\nby fits to the kaonic-atom data, with interesting possible repercussions on\nkaon condensation and on the evolution of strangeness in high-density stars.\nThe case for relatively narrow, deeply bound antikaon atomic states is made,\nessentially independent of the nuclear potential depth. Dynamical models for\ncalculating binding energies and widths of antikaon-nuclear states are\ndiscussed and a lower bound of approximately 50 MeV on the width is\nestablished. For Sigma atoms, the fitted potential becomes repulsive inside the\nnucleus, in agreement with recently reported (pi-,K+) spectra from KEK,\nimplying that Sigma hyperons generally do not bind in nuclei. This repulsion\nsignificantly affects calculated compositions and masses of neutron stars.\n" }, { "id": "39de543a-433b-4a0d-b1a9-235e88874aa8", "adv_source_id": "39de543a-433b-4a0d-b1a9-235e88874aa8", "source_id": "39de543a-433b-4a0d-b1a9-235e88874aa8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum quenches in one-dimensional gapless systems: Does bosonization\n work?", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a comparison between the bosonization results for quantum quenches\nand exact diagonalizations in microscopic models of interacting spinless\nfermions in a one-dimensional lattice. We show that important features are\nmissed by the bosonization technique, which predicts the persistence of\nlong-wavelength critical properties in the long-time evolution. Instead,\nnumerical analysis provides puzzling evidences: while the momentum distribution\nappears to be consistent with the presence of a singularity at $k_F$,\ndensity-density correlations at small momenta clearly display a thermal-like\nbehavior, namely ${\\bar{N}}_q \\simeq {\\rm const}$ (where the overbar indicates\nthe long-time average). This feature at small momenta is preserved in presence\nof an interaction term that breaks integrability, together with a rounding of\nthe singularities at finite $q$'s, showing that the bosonization approach is\nnot able to represent the time evolution of generic one-dimensional models\nafter a quantum quench.\n" }, { "id": "400708fc-db62-451e-b813-2000b2654d98", "adv_source_id": "400708fc-db62-451e-b813-2000b2654d98", "source_id": "400708fc-db62-451e-b813-2000b2654d98", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Conditions on Dynamics and Control in Open Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum conditions on the control of dynamics of a system coupled to an\nenvironment are obtained. Specifically, consider a system initially in a system\nsubspace $H_{0}$ of dimensionality $M_{0}$, which evolves to populate system\nsubspaces $H_{1}$, $H_{2}$ of dimensionality $M_{1}$, $M_{2}$. Then there\nalways exists an initial state in $H_0$ that does not evolve into $H_2$ if\n$M_{0}>dM_{2},$ where $2 \\leq d \\leq (M_0 +M_1 +M_2)^2$ is the number of\noperators in the Kraus representation. Note, significantly, that the maximum\n$d$ can be far smaller than the dimension of the bath. If this condition is not\nsatisfied then dynamics from $H_{0}$ that avoids $H_{2}$ can only be attained\nphysically under stringent conditions. An example from molecular dynamics and\nspectroscopy, i.e. donor to acceptor energy transfer, is provided.\n" }, { "id": "b4fb8e72-94c7-4c6d-bd1c-d43d19f1e48d", "adv_source_id": "b4fb8e72-94c7-4c6d-bd1c-d43d19f1e48d", "source_id": "b4fb8e72-94c7-4c6d-bd1c-d43d19f1e48d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Breathers and kinks in a simulated crystal experiment", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a simple 1D model for the scattering of an incoming particle\nhitting the surface of mica crystal, the transmission of energy through the\ncrystal by a localized mode, and the ejection of atom(s) at the incident or\ndistant face. This is the first attempt to model the experiment described in\nRussell and Eilbeck in 2007 (EPL, v. 78, 10004). Although very basic, the model\nshows many interesting features, for example a complicated energy dependent\ntransition between breather modes and a kink mode, and multiple ejections at\nboth incoming and distant surfaces. In addition, the effect of a heavier\nsurface layer is modelled, which can lead to internal reflections of breathers\nor kinks at the crystal surface.\n" }, { "id": "dae0b20c-8034-45c4-adb2-c546897a1418", "adv_source_id": "dae0b20c-8034-45c4-adb2-c546897a1418", "source_id": "dae0b20c-8034-45c4-adb2-c546897a1418", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Efficient Query Rewrite for Structured Web Queries", "prompt": null, "generation": " Web search engines and specialized online verticals are increasingly\nincorporating results from structured data sources to answer semantically rich\nuser queries. For example, the query \\WebQuery{Samsung 50 inch led tv} can be\nanswered using information from a table of television data. However, the users\nare not domain experts and quite often enter values that do not match precisely\nthe underlying data. Samsung makes 46- or 55- inch led tvs, but not 50-inch\nones. So a literal execution of the above mentioned query will return zero\nresults. For optimal user experience, a search engine would prefer to return at\nleast a minimum number of results as close to the original query as possible.\nFurthermore, due to typical fast retrieval speeds in web-search, a search\nengine query execution is time-bound.\n In this paper, we address these challenges by proposing algorithms that\nrewrite the user query in a principled manner, surfacing at least the required\nnumber of results while satisfying the low-latency constraint. We formalize\nthese requirements and introduce a general formulation of the problem. We show\nthat under a natural formulation, the problem is NP-Hard to solve optimally,\nand present approximation algorithms that produce good rewrites. We empirically\nvalidate our algorithms on large-scale data obtained from a commercial search\nengine's shopping vertical.\n" }, { "id": "55cb41b1-a70b-4601-9247-ca482fa590d5", "adv_source_id": "55cb41b1-a70b-4601-9247-ca482fa590d5", "source_id": "55cb41b1-a70b-4601-9247-ca482fa590d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scaling limits for continuous opinion dynamics systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Scaling limits are analyzed for stochastic continuous opinion dynamics\nsystems, also known as gossip models. In such models, agents update their\nvector-valued opinion to a convex combination (possibly agent- and\nopinion-dependent) of their current value and that of another observed agent.\nIt is shown that, in the limit of large agent population size, the empirical\nopinion density concentrates, at an exponential probability rate, around the\nsolution of a probability-measure-valued ordinary differential equation\ndescribing the system's mean-field dynamics. Properties of the associated\ninitial value problem are studied. The asymptotic behavior of the solution is\nanalyzed for bounded-confidence opinion dynamics, and in the presence of an\nheterogeneous influential environment.\n" }, { "id": "b12647d5-1225-45a3-9947-57080516ff34", "adv_source_id": "b12647d5-1225-45a3-9947-57080516ff34", "source_id": "b12647d5-1225-45a3-9947-57080516ff34", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurements of the top quark mass at the tevatron", "prompt": null, "generation": " The mass of the top quark (\\mtop) is a fundamental parameter of the standard\nmodel (SM). Currently, its most precise measurements are performed by the CDF\nand D0 collaborations at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\\bar p$ collider at a\ncentre-of-mass energy of $\\sqrt s=1.96 \\TeV$. We review the most recent of\nthose measurements, performed on data samples of up to 8.7 \\fb\\ of integrated\nluminosity. The Tevatron combination using up to 5.8 fb$^{-1}$ of data results\nin a preliminary world average top quark mass of $m_{\\rm top} = 173.2 \\pm 0.9$\nGeV. This corresponds to a relative precision of about 0.54%. We conclude with\nan outlook of anticipated precision the final measurement of \\mtop at the\nTevatron.\n" }, { "id": "29bcc3b7-6ac4-4e8b-9146-d8489ba9a2f5", "adv_source_id": "29bcc3b7-6ac4-4e8b-9146-d8489ba9a2f5", "source_id": "29bcc3b7-6ac4-4e8b-9146-d8489ba9a2f5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Local and Global relations between the number of contacts and density in\n monodisperse sphere packs", "prompt": null, "generation": " The topological structure resulting from the network of contacts between\ngrains (\\emph{contact network}) is studied for large samples of monosized\nspheres with densities (fraction of volume occupied by the spheres) ranging\nfrom 0.59 to 0.64. We retrieve the coordinates of each bead in the pack and we\ncalculate the average coordination number by using three different methods. We\nshow that, in the range of density investigated, the coordination number is\nlarger than 4 and it increases with the packing fraction. At local level we\nalso observe a positive correlation between local packing fraction and number\nof neighbors. We discover a dependence between the local densities of\nconfigurations with few neighbors in contact and the global sample-denities.\nThis might indicate that local configurations with small number of neighbors\nare able to deform plastically when the sample is compactifying.\n PACS: 45.70.-n, Granular Systems; 45.70.Cc, Static sandpiles; Granular\nCompaction.\n" }, { "id": "98b3e641-e6f1-4678-b555-b6fa2b6944f9", "adv_source_id": "98b3e641-e6f1-4678-b555-b6fa2b6944f9", "source_id": "98b3e641-e6f1-4678-b555-b6fa2b6944f9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A tool to separate optical/infrared disc and jet emission in X-ray\n transient outbursts: the colour-magnitude diagrams of XTE J1550-564", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is now established that thermal disc emission and non-thermal jet emission\ncan both play a role at optical/infrared (OIR) wavelengths in X-ray transients.\nThe spectra of the jet and disc components differ, as do their dependence on\nmass accretion properties. Here we demonstrate that the OIR colour-magnitude\ndiagrams (CMDs) of the evolution of the X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 in\noutburst can be used to separate the disc from the jet. Monitoring in two\nwavebands is all that is required. This outburst in 2000 was well studied, and\nboth disc and jet were known to contribute. During the outburst the data follow\na well defined path in the CMD, describing what would be expected from a heated\nsingle-temperature blackbody of approximately constant area, except when the\ndata appear redder than this track. This is due to the non-thermal jet\ncomponent which dominates the OIR moreso during hard X-ray states at high\nluminosities, and which is quenched in the soft state. The CMD therefore shows\nstate-dependent hysteresis, in analogy with (but not identical to) the well\nestablished X-ray hardness-intensity diagram of black hole transients. The\nblackbody originates in the X-ray illuminated, likely unwarped, outer accretion\ndisc. We show that the CMD can be approximately reproduced by a model that\nassumes various correlations between X-ray, OIR disc and OIR jet fluxes. We\nfind evidence for the OIR jet emission to be decoupled from the disc near the\npeak of the hard state.\n" }, { "id": "fc558a09-edc7-4c25-8429-005beb25611d", "adv_source_id": "fc558a09-edc7-4c25-8429-005beb25611d", "source_id": "fc558a09-edc7-4c25-8429-005beb25611d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Real-time density matrix renormalization group dynamics of spin and\n charge transport in push-pull polyenes and related systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we investigate the effect of terminal substituents on the\ndynamics of spin and charge transport in donor-acceptor substituted polyenes\n($D-(CH)_{x}-A$) chains, also known as push-pull polyenes. We employ long-range\ncorrelated model Hamiltonian for the $D-(CH)_{x}-A$ system, and time-dependent\ndensity matrix renormalization group technique for time propagating the wave\npacket obtained by injecting a hole at a terminal site, in the ground state of\nthe system. Our studies reveal that the end groups do not affect spin and\ncharge velocities in any significant way, but change the amount of charge\ntransported. We have compared these push-pull systems with donor-acceptor\nsubstituted polymethine imine (PMI), $D-(CHN)_{x}-A$, systems in which besides\nelectron affinities, the nature of $p_{z}$ orbitals in conjugation also\nalternate from site to site. We note that spin and charge dynamics in the PMIs\nare very different from that observed in the case of push-pull polyenes, and\nwithin the time scale of our studies, transport of spin and charge leads to the\nformation of a \"quasi-static\" state.\n" }, { "id": "a10f0e6b-5079-4047-af28-ac381f764893", "adv_source_id": "a10f0e6b-5079-4047-af28-ac381f764893", "source_id": "a10f0e6b-5079-4047-af28-ac381f764893", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Learning Item Trees for Probabilistic Modelling of Implicit Feedback", "prompt": null, "generation": " User preferences for items can be inferred from either explicit feedback,\nsuch as item ratings, or implicit feedback, such as rental histories. Research\nin collaborative filtering has concentrated on explicit feedback, resulting in\nthe development of accurate and scalable models. However, since explicit\nfeedback is often difficult to collect it is important to develop effective\nmodels that take advantage of the more widely available implicit feedback. We\nintroduce a probabilistic approach to collaborative filtering with implicit\nfeedback based on modelling the user's item selection process. In the interests\nof scalability, we restrict our attention to tree-structured distributions over\nitems and develop a principled and efficient algorithm for learning item trees\nfrom data. We also identify a problem with a widely used protocol for\nevaluating implicit feedback models and propose a way of addressing it using a\nsmall quantity of explicit feedback data.\n" }, { "id": "ed1829f3-1dd6-4cdf-aab0-ed871d43ac82", "adv_source_id": "ed1829f3-1dd6-4cdf-aab0-ed871d43ac82", "source_id": "ed1829f3-1dd6-4cdf-aab0-ed871d43ac82", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "DBN-Based Combinatorial Resampling for Articulated Object Tracking", "prompt": null, "generation": " Particle Filter is an effective solution to track objects in video sequences\nin complex situations. Its key idea is to estimate the density over the\npossible states of the object using a weighted sample whose elements are called\nparticles. One of its crucial step is a resampling step in which particles are\nresampled to avoid some degeneracy problem. In this paper, we introduce a new\nresampling method called Combinatorial Resampling that exploits some features\nof articulated objects to resample over an implicitly created sample of an\nexponential size better representing the density to estimate. We prove that it\nis sound and, through experimentations both on challenging synthetic and real\nvideo sequences, we show that it outperforms all classical resampling methods\nboth in terms of the quality of its results and in terms of response times.\n" }, { "id": "ef57d865-458b-4ebd-86f6-134c2e44f469", "adv_source_id": "ef57d865-458b-4ebd-86f6-134c2e44f469", "source_id": "ef57d865-458b-4ebd-86f6-134c2e44f469", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The impact of polarized extragalactic radio sources on the detection of\n CMB anisotropies in polarization", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent polarimetric surveys of extragalactic radio sources (ERS) at\nfrequencies \\nu>1GHz are reviewed. By exploiting all the most relevant data on\nthe polarized emission of ERS we study the frequency dependence of polarization\nproperties of ERS between 1.4 and 86GHz. For flat-spectrum sources the median\n(mean) fractional polarization increases from 1.5% (2-2.5%) at 1.4GHz to 2.5-3%\n(3-3.5%) at \\nu>10GHz. Steep-spectrum sources are typically more polarized,\nespecially at high frequencies where Faraday depolarization is less relevant.\nAs a general result, we do not find that the fractional polarization of ERS\ndepends on the total flux density at high radio frequencies, i.e >20GHz.\nMoreover, in this frequency range, current data suggest a moderate increase of\nthe fractional polarization of ERS with frequency. A formalism to estimate ERS\nnumber counts in polarization and the contribution of unresolved polarized ERS\nto angular power spectra at Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) frequencies is\nalso developed and discussed. As a first application, we present original\npredictions for the Planck satellite mission. Our current results show that\nonly a dozen polarized ERS will be detected by the Planck Low Frequency\nInstrument (LFI), and a few tens by the High Frequency Instrument (HFI). As for\nCMB power spectra, ERS should not be a strong contaminant to the CMB E-mode\npolarization at frequencies \\nu>70GHz. On the contrary, they can become a\nrelevant constraint for the detection of the cosmological B--mode polarization\nif the tensor-to-scalar ratio is <0.01.\n" }, { "id": "95c9962e-ad57-4220-b2cc-21f4e93118fa", "adv_source_id": "95c9962e-ad57-4220-b2cc-21f4e93118fa", "source_id": "95c9962e-ad57-4220-b2cc-21f4e93118fa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "User interfaces and data entry with real time inverse arithmetic coding", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper introduces real time inverse arithmetic coding and user interfaces\nbased thereupon. The main idea is that information-efficient data entry can be\nachieved by ensuring that each input's associated display space and ease of\nselection are at all times related to the input's probability of being\nselected. As with data entry based on inverse arithmetic coding, the layout\ninitially depends on the probabilities of the possible inputs; however, real\ntime inverse arithmetic coding differs in that the user's actions are\ninterpreted not to navigate this probability distribution but rather to modify\nit according to a learned update rule, which approximates the conditioning of\nthe probability distribution on the user's actions. Potential applications of\nreal time inverse arithmetic coding include text entry, file browsing,\nintegrated multi-program user interfaces, assistive technologies for users with\nmovement disabilities, and ergonomic input methods.\n" }, { "id": "0a2756a3-f49d-4667-a2ed-ae3c076652e2", "adv_source_id": "0a2756a3-f49d-4667-a2ed-ae3c076652e2", "source_id": "0a2756a3-f49d-4667-a2ed-ae3c076652e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Determining mean first-passage time on a class of treelike regular\n fractals", "prompt": null, "generation": " Relatively general techniques for computing mean first-passage time (MFPT) of\nrandom walks on networks with a specific property are very useful, since a\nuniversal method for calculating MFPT on general graphs is not available\nbecause of their complexity and diversity. In this paper, we present techniques\nfor explicitly determining the partial mean first-passage time (PMFPT), i.e.,\nthe average of MFPTs to a given target averaged over all possible starting\npositions, and the entire mean first-passage time (EMFPT), which is the average\nof MFPTs over all pairs of nodes on regular treelike fractals. We describe the\nprocesses with a family of regular fractals with treelike structure. The\nproposed fractals include the $T$ fractal and the Peano basin fractal as their\nspecial cases. We provide a formula for MFPT between two directly connected\nnodes in general trees on the basis of which we derive an exact expression for\nPMFPT to the central node in the fractals. Moreover, we give a technique for\ncalculating EMFPT, which is based on the relationship between characteristic\npolynomials of the fractals at different generations and avoids the computation\nof eigenvalues of the characteristic polynomials. Making use of the proposed\nmethods, we obtain analytically the closed-form solutions to PMFPT and EMFPT on\nthe fractals and show how they scale with the number of nodes. In addition, to\nexhibit the generality of our methods, we also apply them to the Vicsek\nfractals and the iterative scale-free fractal tree and recover the results\npreviously obtained.\n" }, { "id": "0da7810b-391a-4ae7-817a-e0dfe1f2400f", "adv_source_id": "0da7810b-391a-4ae7-817a-e0dfe1f2400f", "source_id": "0da7810b-391a-4ae7-817a-e0dfe1f2400f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The size-star formation relation of massive galaxies at 1.5 5 x 10^10 Msun) galaxies at 1.5 40 eV, assuming\nthat the gas distribution is non-uniform. Overall we find that simulations\nusing WM-basic produce the best agreement with the observed line ratios. The\nrate of ionizing photons produced by the model SEDs is consistent with the rate\nderived from the \\Halpha\\ luminosity for standard, log(g) = 4.0 models adopted\nfrom the atmosphere grids. However, there is a systematic offset between the\nrate of ionizing photons from different atmosphere models that is correlated\nwith the relative hardness of the SEDs. In general WM-basic and TLUSTY\natmosphere models predict similar effective temperatures, while CoStar predicts\neffective temperatures that are cooler by a few thousand degrees. We compare\nour effective temperatures, which depend on the nebular ionization balance, to\nconventional photospheric-based calibrations from the literature. We suggest\nthat in the future, spectral type to effective temperature calibrations can be\nconstructed from nebular data.\n" }, { "id": "d930f272-aa64-4cd0-a538-86ddbd366bc3", "adv_source_id": "d930f272-aa64-4cd0-a538-86ddbd366bc3", "source_id": "d930f272-aa64-4cd0-a538-86ddbd366bc3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observational Study Of the Quasi-Periodic Fast Propagating Magnetosonic\n Waves and the Associated Flare on 2011 May 30", "prompt": null, "generation": " On 2011 May 30, quasi-periodic fast propagating (QFP) magnetosonic waves\naccompanied by a C2.8 flare were directly imaged by the Atomospheric Imaging\nAssembly instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The QFP waves\nsuccessively emanated from the flare kernel, they propagated along a cluster of\nopen coronal loops with a phase speed of 834 km/s during the flare's rising\nphase, and the multiple arc-shaped wave trains can be fitted with a series of\nconcentric circles. We generate the k-omega diagram of the Fourier power and\nfind a straight ridge that represents the dispersion relation of the waves.\nAlong the ridge, we find a lot of prominent nodes which represent the available\nfrequencies of the QFP waves. On the other hand, the frequencies of the flare\nare also obtained by analyzing the flare light curves using the wavelet\ntechnique. The results indicate that almost all the main frequencies of the\nflare are consistent with those of the QFP waves. This suggests that the flare\nand the QFP waves were possibly excited by a common physical origin. On the\nother hand, a few low frequencies revealed by the k-omega diagram can not be\nfound in the accompanying flare. We propose that these low frequencies were\npossibly due to the leakage of the pressure-driven p-mode oscillations from the\nphotosphere into the low corona, which should be a noticeable mechanism for\ndriving the QFP waves observed in the corona.\n" }, { "id": "98538749-2aa0-43f6-978f-63596e63d08c", "adv_source_id": "98538749-2aa0-43f6-978f-63596e63d08c", "source_id": "98538749-2aa0-43f6-978f-63596e63d08c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "TeV scale mirage mediation in NMSSM", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. We consider soft\nsupersymmetry breaking parameters, which are induced by the mirage mediation\nmechanism of supersymmetry breaking. We concentrate on the mirage mediation,\nwhere the so-called mirage scale is the TeV scale. In this scenario, we can\nrealize the up-type Higgs soft mass of O(200) GeV, while other masses such as\ngaugino masses and stop masses are heavy such as 1 TeV or more. Cancellation\nbetween the effective \\mu-term and the down-type Higgs soft mass ameliorates\nthe fine-tuning in the electroweak symmetry breaking even for \\mu=O(500) GeV.\nThe mixing between the doublet and singlet Higgs bosons is suppressed by\n(\\lambda/\\kappa)/tan\\beta. Then the lightest doublet Higgs mass naturally\nreaches 125 GeV lifted by the new quartic coupling. The higgsino and singlino\nare light and their linear combination is the lightest superparticle.\n" }, { "id": "6a591722-2c77-4c73-a5a4-3c3dc1b0c22b", "adv_source_id": "6a591722-2c77-4c73-a5a4-3c3dc1b0c22b", "source_id": "6a591722-2c77-4c73-a5a4-3c3dc1b0c22b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Localization of grouplike function and section spaces with compact\n domain", "prompt": null, "generation": " We extend the standard localization theory for function and section spaces\ndue to Hilton-Mislin-Roitberg and Moller outside the CW category to the case of\ncompact metric domain in the presence of a grouplike structure. We study\napplications in two cases directly generalizing the gauge group of a principal\nbundle. We prove an identity for the monoid of fibre-homotopy self-equivalences\nof a Hurewicz fibration -- due to Gottlieb and Booth-Heath-Morgan-Piccinini in\nthe CW category -- in the compact case. This leads to an extended localization\nresult for this monoid. We also obtain an extended localization theory for\ngroups of sections of a fibrewise group. We give two applications in rational\nhomotopy theory.\n" }, { "id": "30f2f41e-ec4b-476d-843e-b7cbe4e5477a", "adv_source_id": "30f2f41e-ec4b-476d-843e-b7cbe4e5477a", "source_id": "30f2f41e-ec4b-476d-843e-b7cbe4e5477a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Energy dissipation statistics in the random fuse model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the statistics of the dissipated energy in the two-dimensional\nrandom fuse model for fracture under different imposed strain conditions. By\nmeans of extensive numerical simulations we compare different ways to compute\nthe dissipated energy. In the case of a infinitely slow driving rate\n(quasi-static model) we find that the probability distribution of the released\nenergy shows two different scaling regions separated by a sharp energy\ncrossover. At low energies, the probability of having an event of energy $E$\ndecays as $\\sim E^{-1/2}$, which is robust and independent of the energy\nquantifier used (or lattice type). At high energies fluctuations dominate the\nenergy distribution leading to a crossover to a different scaling regime, $\\sim\nE^{-2.75}$, whenever the released energy is computed over the whole system. On\nthe contrary, strong finite-size effects are observed if we only consider the\nenergy dissipated at microfractures. In a different numerical experiment the\nquasi-static dynamics condition is relaxed, so that the system is driven at\nfinite strain load rates, and we find that the energy distribution decays as\n$\\mathcal{P} (E) \\sim E^{-1}$ for all the energy range.\n" }, { "id": "c92d73e4-ba21-4f2e-95a4-a04b1b82651e", "adv_source_id": "c92d73e4-ba21-4f2e-95a4-a04b1b82651e", "source_id": "c92d73e4-ba21-4f2e-95a4-a04b1b82651e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamical Response of Networks under External Perturbations: Exact\n Results", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce and solve a general model of dynamic response under external\nperturbations. This model captures a wide range of systems out of equilibrium\nincluding Ising models of physical systems, social opinions, and population\ngenetics. The distribution of states under perturbation and relaxation process\nreflects two regimes -- one driven by the external perturbation, and one driven\nby internal ordering. These regimes parallel the disordered and ordered regimes\nof equilibrium physical systems driven by thermal perturbations but here are\nshown to be relevant for non-thermal and non-equilibrium external influences on\ncomplex biological and social systems. We extend our results to a wide range of\nnetwork topologies by introducing an effective strength of external\nperturbation by analytic mean-field approximation. Simulations show this\ngeneralization is remarkably accurate for many topologies of current interest\nin describing real systems.\n" }, { "id": "1756f36a-b511-4d2c-8558-0de1db89cc14", "adv_source_id": "1756f36a-b511-4d2c-8558-0de1db89cc14", "source_id": "1756f36a-b511-4d2c-8558-0de1db89cc14", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Doping dependent optical properties of Bi2201", "prompt": null, "generation": " An experimental study of the in-plane optical conductivity of\n(Pb$_{x}$,Bi$_{2-x}$)(La$_{y}$Sr$_{2-y}$)CuO$_{6+\\delta}$ (Bi2201) is presented\nfor a broad doping and temperature range. The in-plane conductivity is analyzed\nwithin a strong coupling formalism. We address the interrelationship between\nthe optical conductivity ($\\sigma(\\omega)$), the single particle self energy,\nand the electron-boson spectral function. We find that the frequency and\ntemperature dependence can be well described within this formalism. We present\na universal description of optical, ARPES and tunneling spectra. The full\nfrequency and temperature dependence of the optical spectra and single particle\nself-energy is shown to result from an electron-boson spectral function, which\nshows a strong doping dependence and weak temperature dependence.\n" }, { "id": "44146569-2fd3-40a7-87de-86d92c54fb0d", "adv_source_id": "44146569-2fd3-40a7-87de-86d92c54fb0d", "source_id": "44146569-2fd3-40a7-87de-86d92c54fb0d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Influence of the sign of the refractive index in the reflectivity of a\n metamaterial surface with localized roughness", "prompt": null, "generation": " To study the scattering properties of metamaterials, we generalize two\nscattering methods developed for conventional (non-magnetic) isotropic\nmaterials to the case of materials with arbitrary values (positive or negative)\nof magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. The generalized methods are\nused to study the changes in the reflectivity of a metamaterial surface with\nlocalized roughness when the relative refractive index changes sign. Our\nresults show that, unlike the case of a plane surface whose reflectivity is\nunaffected by the change of sign of the relative refractive index, in rough\nsurfaces the change of sign is manifested in the reflectivity, even for very\nlow roughness, particularly in observation directions away from the specular\ndirection.\n" }, { "id": "a20f06d5-f269-48d2-b5f1-fd888e8f986d", "adv_source_id": "a20f06d5-f269-48d2-b5f1-fd888e8f986d", "source_id": "a20f06d5-f269-48d2-b5f1-fd888e8f986d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Renormalization Group Flow in Scalar-Tensor Theories. I", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the renormalization group flow in a class of scalar-tensor theories\ninvolving at most two derivatives of the fields. We show in general that\nminimal coupling is self consistent, in the sense that when the scalar self\ncouplings are switched off, their beta functions also vanish. Complete,\nexplicit beta functions that could be applied to a variety of cosmological\nmodels are given in a five parameter truncation of the theory in $d=4$. In any\ndimension $d>2$ we find that the flow has only a \"Gaussian Matter\" fixed point,\nwhere all scalar self interactions vanish but Newton's constant and the\ncosmological constant are nontrivial. The properties of these fixed points can\nbe studied algebraically to some extent. In $d=3$ we also find a\ngravitationally dressed version of the Wilson-Fisher fixed point, but it seems\nto have unphysical properties. These findings are in accordance with the\nhypothesis that these theories are asymptotically safe.\n" }, { "id": "e8e6c33a-33b7-4e0d-ba01-45ca88bdc756", "adv_source_id": "e8e6c33a-33b7-4e0d-ba01-45ca88bdc756", "source_id": "e8e6c33a-33b7-4e0d-ba01-45ca88bdc756", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pressure-induced structural transition of ZnO nanocrystals studied with\n molecular dynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have studied the pressure-induced structural transition of ZnO\nnanocrystals using constant pressure molecular dynamics simulations for finite\nsystem. We have observed the transition from the fourfold coordination wurtzite\nto the sixfold coordination rocksalt structure, and the process of transition\nis strongly dependent on the morphology of the nanocrystals. It is found that\nthe perfect faceted ZnO nanocrystals undergo wurtzite to rocksalt transition\nwith a perfect fivefold h-MgO structure as the intermediate status. But for the\nfaceted ones without perfect surface structure, as the number of the atoms\nremoved from the (001) and (00-1) surface edge increases, the local morphology\nwill become more similar to spherical. The nanocrystal will receive equal\nstress from every direction and it will be more difficult to compress the\nstructure along only c axis as the perfect faceted ZnO nanocrystal. In this\nsituation, only partial structure experiences intermediate fivefold\ncoordination structure or even no intermediate fivefold coordination structure\nexists dependent on the surface disorder level.\n" }, { "id": "a8c0bcb8-79c2-4979-8cd7-9a4ab566affd", "adv_source_id": "a8c0bcb8-79c2-4979-8cd7-9a4ab566affd", "source_id": "a8c0bcb8-79c2-4979-8cd7-9a4ab566affd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extreme Value Statistics of Eigenvalues of Gaussian Random Matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute exact asymptotic results for the probability of the occurrence of\nlarge deviations of the largest (smallest) eigenvalue of random matrices\nbelonging to the Gaussian orthogonal, unitary and symplectic ensembles. In\nparticular, we show that the probability that all the eigenvalues of an (NxN)\nrandom matrix are positive (negative) decreases for large N as ~\\exp[-\\beta\n\\theta(0) N^2] where the Dyson index \\beta characterizes the ensemble and the\nexponent \\theta(0)=(\\ln 3)/4=0.274653... is universal. We compute the\nprobability that the eigenvalues lie in the interval [\\zeta_1,\\zeta_2] which\nallows us to calculate the joint probability distribution of the minimum and\nthe maximum eigenvalue. As a byproduct, we also obtain exactly the average\ndensity of states in Gaussian ensembles whose eigenvalues are restricted to lie\nin the interval [\\zeta_1,\\zeta_2], thus generalizing the celebrated Wigner\nsemi-circle law to these restricted ensembles. It is found that the density of\nstates generically exhibits an inverse square-root singularity at the location\nof the barriers. These results are confirmed by numerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "70c1bc20-2206-446c-84bf-bac129a68865", "adv_source_id": "70c1bc20-2206-446c-84bf-bac129a68865", "source_id": "70c1bc20-2206-446c-84bf-bac129a68865", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Parsimonious Mahalanobis Kernel for the Classification of High\n Dimensional Data", "prompt": null, "generation": " The classification of high dimensional data with kernel methods is considered\nin this article. Exploit- ing the emptiness property of high dimensional\nspaces, a kernel based on the Mahalanobis distance is proposed. The computation\nof the Mahalanobis distance requires the inversion of a covariance matrix. In\nhigh dimensional spaces, the estimated covariance matrix is ill-conditioned and\nits inversion is unstable or impossible. Using a parsimonious statistical\nmodel, namely the High Dimensional Discriminant Analysis model, the specific\nsignal and noise subspaces are estimated for each considered class making the\ninverse of the class specific covariance matrix explicit and stable, leading to\nthe definition of a parsimonious Mahalanobis kernel. A SVM based framework is\nused for selecting the hyperparameters of the parsimonious Mahalanobis kernel\nby optimizing the so-called radius-margin bound. Experimental results on three\nhigh dimensional data sets show that the proposed kernel is suitable for\nclassifying high dimensional data, providing better classification accuracies\nthan the conventional Gaussian kernel.\n" }, { "id": "c210ed1c-6e82-46c2-b69e-c7cf40f1dccf", "adv_source_id": "c210ed1c-6e82-46c2-b69e-c7cf40f1dccf", "source_id": "c210ed1c-6e82-46c2-b69e-c7cf40f1dccf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Toy nanoindentation model and incipient plasticity", "prompt": null, "generation": " A toy model of two dimensional nanoindentation in finite crystals is\nproposed. The crystal is described by periodized discrete elasticity whereas\nthe indenter is a rigid strain field of triangular shape representing a hard\nknife-like indenter. Analysis of the model shows that there are a number of\ndiscontinuities in the load vs penetration depth plot which correspond to the\ncreation of dislocation loops. The stress vs depth bifurcation diagram of the\nmodel reveals multistable stationary solutions that appear as the\ndislocation-free branch of solutions develops turning points for increasing\nstress. Dynamical simulations show that an increment of the applied load leads\nto nucleation of dislocation loops below the nanoindenter tip. Such\ndislocations travel inside the bulk of the crystal and accommodate at a certain\ndepth in the sample. In agreement with experiments, hysteresis is observed if\nthe stress is decreased after the first dislocation loop is created. Critical\nstress values for loop creation and their final location at equilibrium are\ncalculated.\n" }, { "id": "8e61306f-aa06-4cb9-b52f-b88a1f67ec23", "adv_source_id": "8e61306f-aa06-4cb9-b52f-b88a1f67ec23", "source_id": "8e61306f-aa06-4cb9-b52f-b88a1f67ec23", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "GESPAR: Efficient Phase Retrieval of Sparse Signals", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the problem of phase retrieval, namely, recovery of a signal from\nthe magnitude of its Fourier transform, or of any other linear transform. Due\nto the loss of the Fourier phase information, this problem is ill-posed.\nTherefore, prior information on the signal is needed in order to enable its\nrecovery. In this work we consider the case in which the signal is known to be\nsparse, i.e., it consists of a small number of nonzero elements in an\nappropriate basis. We propose a fast local search method for recovering a\nsparse signal from measurements of its Fourier transform (or other linear\ntransform) magnitude which we refer to as GESPAR: GrEedy Sparse PhAse\nRetrieval. Our algorithm does not require matrix lifting, unlike previous\napproaches, and therefore is potentially suitable for large scale problems such\nas images. Simulation results indicate that GESPAR is fast and more accurate\nthan existing techniques in a variety of settings.\n" }, { "id": "85970e46-ad5c-4ee4-a361-ec4274056ca9", "adv_source_id": "85970e46-ad5c-4ee4-a361-ec4274056ca9", "source_id": "85970e46-ad5c-4ee4-a361-ec4274056ca9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photoinduced electrification of solids. III. Temperature dependences", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two preceding parts of a paper (cond-mat/0508457, cond-mat/0508460)\nconsidered the heuristic values of recent experiments pointing to the nearly\nuniversal occurrence of photovoltages across solid surfaces under short-circuit\nconditions. These voltages arise by virtue of a variety of spectrally-dependent\nmechanisms activated by incident photons. For the visible range, the\nphotovoltages are obliged to the photodetachment of ions which leave the\nsurface charged. In an attempt to learn more, we now study short-circuit\nphotovoltages in well-defined materials including high-Tc superconductors\nwithin a broad temperature range down to liquid nitrogen. We believe our data\nprovide a new insight into the process.\n" }, { "id": "2c6118d5-79f5-45a5-94d4-72d3510ea9c2", "adv_source_id": "2c6118d5-79f5-45a5-94d4-72d3510ea9c2", "source_id": "2c6118d5-79f5-45a5-94d4-72d3510ea9c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Eigenvalue of $p(x)$-Laplace Equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The main purpose of this paper is to show that there exists a positive number\n $\\lambda_{1}$, the first eigenvalue, such that some $p(x)$-Laplace equation\nadmits a solution if\n $\\lambda=\\lambda_{1}$ and that\n $\\lambda_{1}$ is simple, i.e., with respect to \\textit{the first eigenvalue}\nsolutions, which are not equal to zero a. e., of the $p(x)$-Laplace equation\nforms an one dimensional subset. Furthermore, by developing Moser method we\nobtained some results concerning H\\\"{o}lder continuity and bounded properties\nof the solutions. Our works are done in the setting of the Generalized-Sobolev\nSpace. There are many perfect results about $p$-Laplace equations, but about\n$p(x)$-Laplace equation there are few results. The main reason is that a lot of\nmethods which are very useful in dealing with $p$-Laplace equations are no\nlonger valid for $p(x)$-Laplace equations. In this paper, many results are\nobtained by imposing some conditions on $p(x)$.\n Stimulated by the development of the study of elastic mechanics, interest in\nvariational problems and differential equations has grown in recent decades,\nwhile Laplace equations with nonstandard growth conditions share a part. The\nequation discussed in this paper is derived from the elastic mechanics.\n" }, { "id": "0d0525a8-b4a5-487b-9fe0-57b55bfd3603", "adv_source_id": "0d0525a8-b4a5-487b-9fe0-57b55bfd3603", "source_id": "0d0525a8-b4a5-487b-9fe0-57b55bfd3603", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scattering theory for energy-supercritical Klein-Gordon equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we consider the question of the global well-posedness and\nscattering for the cubic Klein-Gordon equation $u_{tt}-\\Delta u+u+|u|^2u=0$ in\ndimension $d\\geq5$. We show that if the solution $u$ is apriorily bounded in\nthe critical Sobolev space, that is, $(u, u_t)\\in L_t^\\infty(I;\nH^{s_c}_x(\\R^d)\\times H_x^{s_c-1}(\\R^d))$ with $s_c:=\\frac{d}2-1>1$, then $u$\nis global and scatters. The impetus to consider this problem stems from a\nseries of recent works for the energy-supercritical nonlinear wave equation and\nnonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation. However, the scaling invariance is broken in\nthe Klein-Gordon equation. We will utilize the concentration compactness ideas\nto show that the proof of the global well-posedness and scattering is reduced\nto disprove the existence of the scenario: soliton-like solutions. And such\nsolutions are precluded by making use of the Morawetz inequality, finite speed\nof propagation and concentration of potential energy.\n" }, { "id": "0d6163d0-6e17-4f2f-a4a4-3049a93c970b", "adv_source_id": "0d6163d0-6e17-4f2f-a4a4-3049a93c970b", "source_id": "0d6163d0-6e17-4f2f-a4a4-3049a93c970b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superconducting DC and RF Properties of Ingot Niobium", "prompt": null, "generation": " The thermal conductivity, DC magnetization and penetration depth of\nlarge-grain niobium hollow cylindrical rods fabricated from ingots,\nmanufactured by CBMM subjected to chemical and heat treatment were measured.\nThe results confirm the influence of chemical and heat-treatment processes on\nthe superconducting properties, with no significant dependence on the impurity\nconcentrations in the original ingots. Furthermore, RF properties, such as the\nsurface resistance and quench field of the niobium rods were measured using a\nTE011 cavity. The hollow niobium rod is the center conductor of this cavity,\nconverting it to a coaxial cavity. The quench field is limited by the critical\nheat flux through the rods' cooling channel.\n" }, { "id": "d7ee114e-e785-4548-a729-e4e19d44a1c8", "adv_source_id": "d7ee114e-e785-4548-a729-e4e19d44a1c8", "source_id": "d7ee114e-e785-4548-a729-e4e19d44a1c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dark Matter Evidence, Particle Physics Candidates and Detection Methods", "prompt": null, "generation": " The problem of the dark matter in the universe is reviewed. A short history\nof the subject is given, and several of the most obvious particle candidates\nfor dark matter are identified. Particular focus is given to weakly\ninteracting, massive particles (WIMPs) of which the lightest supersymmetric\nparticle is an interesting special case and a usful template. The three\ndetection methods: in particle accelerators, by direct detection of scattering\nin terrestrial detectors, and indirect detection of products from dark matter\nparticle annihilation in the galactic halo, are discussed and their\ncomplementarity is explained. Direct detection experiments have revealed some\npossible indications of a dark matter signal, but the situation is quite\nconfusing at the moment. Very recently, also indirect detection has entered a\nsensitivity region where some particle candidates could be detectable. Indeed,\nalso here there are some (presently non-conclusive) indications of possible\ndark matter signals, like an interesting structure at 130 GeV gamma-ray energy\nfound in publicly available data from the Fermi-LAT space detector. The future\nof the field will depend on whether WIMPs are indeed the dark matter, something\nthat may realistically be probed in the next few years. If this exciting\nscenario turns out to be true, we can expect a host of other, complementary\nexperiments in the coming decade. If it is not true, the time scale and methods\nfor detection will be much more uncertain.\n" }, { "id": "0135f21b-49e5-4057-b870-692aa64769da", "adv_source_id": "0135f21b-49e5-4057-b870-692aa64769da", "source_id": "0135f21b-49e5-4057-b870-692aa64769da", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hysteretic \"Magnetic-Transport-Structural\" Transition in \"114\"\n Cobaltites: Size Mismatch Effect", "prompt": null, "generation": " The triple \"magnetic-transport-structural\" transition versus temperature in\nthree series of \"114\" cobaltites - Y1-xYbxBaCo4O7, Y1-xCaxBaCo4O7 and\nYb1-xCaxBaCo4O7 - has been studied using magnetic, transport and differential\nscanning calorimetric measurements. The effect of the size mismatch {\\sigma}2,\ndue to cationic disordering at the Ln sites upon such a transition is shown for\nthe first time in a triangular lattice. We show that increasing has an\neffect of increasing TS dramatically, while the size mismatch {\\sigma}2 at the\nLn sites decreases TS substantially. Moreover, the cationic mismatch at the Ln\nsites modifies the nature of the hysteretic transition by turning the sharp\nfirst order transition seen in the undoped samples into an intermix of first\nand second order transitions. These results are discussed on the basis of the\nparticular nature of the high temperature form which exhibits a hexagonal close\npacked structure (space group: P63mc) with respect to the low temperature\northorhombic form (space group: Pbn21), the latter corresponding to a\ndistortion of the former due to a puckering of the kagom\\'e layers.\n" }, { "id": "f8f2947e-eb8a-4d4f-ab43-e2f185eeb934", "adv_source_id": "f8f2947e-eb8a-4d4f-ab43-e2f185eeb934", "source_id": "f8f2947e-eb8a-4d4f-ab43-e2f185eeb934", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Odd Parity Perturbations of the Self-Similar LTB Spacetime", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the behaviour of odd-parity perturbations of those self-similar\nLema\\^{i}tre-Tolman-Bondi spacetimes which admit a naked singularity. We find\nthat a perturbation which evolves from initially regular data remains finite on\nthe Cauchy horizon. Finiteness is demonstrated by considering the behaviour of\nsuitable energy norms of the perturbation (and pointwise values of these\nquantities) on natural spacelike hypersurfaces. This result holds for a general\nchoice of initial data and initial data surface. Finally, we examine the\nperturbed Weyl scalars in order to provide a physical interpretation of our\nresults. Taken on its own, this result does not support cosmic censorship;\nhowever a full perturbation of this spacetime would include even parity\nperturbations, so we cannot conclude that this spacetime is stable to all\nlinear perturbations.\n" }, { "id": "38550abb-78d6-47ef-805f-04d957d94124", "adv_source_id": "38550abb-78d6-47ef-805f-04d957d94124", "source_id": "38550abb-78d6-47ef-805f-04d957d94124", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Efficient Indicators to Evaluate the Status of Software Development\n Effort Estimation inside the Organizations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Development effort is an undeniable part of the project management which\nconsiderably influences the success of project. Inaccurate and unreliable\nestimation of effort can easily lead to the failure of project. Due to the\nspecial specifications, accurate estimation of effort in the software projects\nis a vital management activity that must be carefully done to avoid from the\nunforeseen results. However numerous effort estimation methods have been\nproposed in this field, the accuracy of estimates is not satisfying and the\nattempts continue to improve the performance of estimation methods. Prior\nresearches conducted in this area have focused on numerical and quantitative\napproaches and there are a few research works that investigate the root\nproblems and issues behind the inaccurate effort estimation of software\ndevelopment effort. In this paper, a framework is proposed to evaluate and\ninvestigate the situation of an organization in terms of effort estimation. The\nproposed framework includes various indicators which cover the critical issues\nin field of software development effort estimation. Since the capabilities and\nshortages of organizations for effort estimation are not the same, the proposed\nindicators can lead to have a systematic approach in which the strengths and\nweaknesses of organizations in field of effort estimation are discovered.\n" }, { "id": "548a14b0-7cbc-4bec-adf9-f77b03dd9e96", "adv_source_id": "548a14b0-7cbc-4bec-adf9-f77b03dd9e96", "source_id": "548a14b0-7cbc-4bec-adf9-f77b03dd9e96", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Ds and D+ Leptonic Decay Constants from Lattice QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the leptonic decay constants fDs and fD+ computed on the MILC\ncollaboration's 2+1 flavor asqtad gauge ensembles. We use clover heavy quarks\nwith the Fermilab interpretation and improved staggered light quarks. The\nsimultaneous chiral and continuum extrapolation, which determines both decay\nconstants, includes partially-quenched lattice results at lattice spacings a ~\n0:09, 0:12 and 0:15 fm. We have made several recent improvements in our\nanalysis: a) we include terms in the fit describing leading order heavy-quark\ndiscretization effects, b) we have adopted a more precise input r1 value\nconsistent with our other D and B meson studies, c) we have retuned the input\nbare charm masses based upon the new r1. Our preliminary results are fDs = 260\n+/-10 MeV and fD+ = 217 +/-10 MeV.\n" }, { "id": "5d61cda5-d0aa-41af-9eb3-8eaf1a709a46", "adv_source_id": "5d61cda5-d0aa-41af-9eb3-8eaf1a709a46", "source_id": "5d61cda5-d0aa-41af-9eb3-8eaf1a709a46", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement through conformal interfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider entanglement through permeable interfaces in the c=1\n(1+1)-dimensional conformal field theory. We compute the partition functions\nwith the interfaces inserted. By the replica trick, the entanglement entropy is\nobtained analytically. The entropy scales logarithmically with respect to the\nsize of the system, similarly to the universal scaling of the ordinary\nentanglement entropy in (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theory. Its\ncoefficient, however, is not constant but controlled by the permeability, the\ndependence on which is expressed through the dilogarithm function. The\nsub-leading term of the entropy counts the winding numbers, showing an analogy\nto the topological entanglement entropy which characterizes the topological\norder in (2+1)-dimensional systems.\n" }, { "id": "db32a2ae-22b7-40a8-b439-a2600fb37068", "adv_source_id": "db32a2ae-22b7-40a8-b439-a2600fb37068", "source_id": "db32a2ae-22b7-40a8-b439-a2600fb37068", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Twisting of light around rotating black holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Kerr black holes are among the most intriguing predictions of Einstein's\ngeneral relativity theory. These rotating massive astrophysical objects drag\nand intermix their surrounding space and time, deflecting and phase-modifying\nlight emitted nearby them. We have found that this leads to a new relativistic\neffect that imposes orbital angular momentum onto such light. Numerical\nexperiments, based on the integration of the null geodesic equations of light\nfrom orbiting point-like sources in the Kerr black hole equatorial plane to an\nasymptotic observer, indeed identify the phase change and wavefront warping and\npredict the associated light-beam orbital angular momentum spectra. Setting up\nthe best existing telescopes properly, it should be possible to detect and\nmeasure this twisted light, thus allowing a direct observational demonstration\nof the existence of rotating black holes. Since non-rotating objects are more\nan exception than a rule in the Universe, our findings are of fundamental\nimportance.\n" }, { "id": "fb4b851a-def6-4f0e-8235-acb0d6ff214e", "adv_source_id": "fb4b851a-def6-4f0e-8235-acb0d6ff214e", "source_id": "fb4b851a-def6-4f0e-8235-acb0d6ff214e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Oscillations of the purity in the repeated-measurement-based generation\n of quantum states", "prompt": null, "generation": " Repeated observations of a quantum system interacting with another one can\ndrive the latter toward a particular quantum state, irrespectively of its\ninitial condition, because of an {\\em effective non-unitary evolution}. If the\ntarget state is a pure one, the degree of purity of the system approaches\nunity, even when the initial condition of the system is a mixed state. In this\npaper we study the behavior of the purity from the initial value to the final\none, that is unity. Depending on the parameters, after a finite number of\nmeasurements, the purity exhibits oscillations, that brings about a lower\npurity than that of the initial state, which is a point to be taken care of in\nconcrete applications.\n" }, { "id": "c762e3e0-5926-44ed-b157-58b3df1ac1d5", "adv_source_id": "c762e3e0-5926-44ed-b157-58b3df1ac1d5", "source_id": "c762e3e0-5926-44ed-b157-58b3df1ac1d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The ATCA HI Galactic Center Survey", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a survey of atomic hydrogen HI) emission in the direction of the\nGalactic Center conducted with the CSIRO Australia Telescope Compact Array\n(ATCA). The survey covers the area -5 deg < l < +5, -5 deg < b <+5 deg over the\nvelocity range -309 < v_{LSR} < 349 km/s with a velocity resolution of 1 km/s.\nThe ATCA data are supplemented with data from the Parkes Radio Telescope for\nsensitivity to all angular scales larger than the 145 arcsec angular resolution\nof the survey. The mean rms brightness temperature across the field is 0.7 K,\nexcept near (l,b)=(0 deg, 0 deg) where it increases to ~2 K. This survey\ncomplements the Southern Galactic Plane Survey to complete the continuous\ncoverage of the inner Galactic plane in HI at ~2 arcmin resolution. Here we\ndescribe the observations and analysis of this Galactic Center survey and\npresent the final data product. Features such as Bania's Clump 2, the far 3\nkiloparsec arm and small high velocity clumps are briefly described.\n" }, { "id": "e23aaf8b-a7d6-43fc-ac1f-6cd3ce431255", "adv_source_id": "e23aaf8b-a7d6-43fc-ac1f-6cd3ce431255", "source_id": "e23aaf8b-a7d6-43fc-ac1f-6cd3ce431255", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasiparticle Heat Transport in Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$: Evidence\n for a k-dependent Superconducting Gap without Nodes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The thermal conductivity $\\kappa$ of the iron-arsenide superconductor\nBa$_{1-x}$K$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$ ($T_c \\simeq$ 30 K) was measured in single crystals\nat temperatures down to $T \\simeq 50$ mK ($\\simeq T_c$/600) and in magnetic\nfields up to $H = 15$ T ($\\simeq H_{c2}$/4). A negligible residual linear term\nin $\\kappa/T$ as $T \\to 0$ shows that there are no zero-energy quasiparticles\nin the superconducting state. This rules out the existence of line and in-plane\npoint nodes in the superconducting gap, imposing strong constraints on the\nsymmetry of the order parameter. It excludes d-wave symmetry, drawing a clear\ndistinction between these superconductors and the high-$T_c$ cuprates. However,\nthe fact that a magnetic field much smaller than $H_{c2}$ can induce a residual\nlinear term indicates that the gap must be very small on part of the Fermi\nsurface, whether from strong anisotropy or band dependence, or both.\n" }, { "id": "4ae061ee-4a47-4276-a239-d5fe823806fe", "adv_source_id": "4ae061ee-4a47-4276-a239-d5fe823806fe", "source_id": "4ae061ee-4a47-4276-a239-d5fe823806fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase Diagram of Bosons in Two-Color Superlattices from Experimental\n Parameters", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the zero-temperature phase diagram of a gas of bosonic 87-Rb atoms\nin two-color superlattice potentials starting directly from the experimental\nparameters, such as wavelengths and intensities of the two lasers generating\nthe superlattice. In a first step, we map the experimental setup to a\nBose-Hubbard Hamiltonian with site-dependent parameters through explicit\nband-structure calculations. In the second step, we solve the many-body problem\nusing the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach and compute\nobservables such as energy gap, condensate fraction, maximum number\nfluctuations and visibility of interference fringes. We study the phase diagram\nas function of the laser intensities s_2 and s_1 as control parameters and show\nthat all relevant quantum phases, i.e. superfluid, Mott-insulator, and quasi\nBose-glass phase, and the transitions between them can be investigated through\na variation of these intensities alone.\n" }, { "id": "795c5082-1dd6-4427-bbbc-bc2d6f70889c", "adv_source_id": "795c5082-1dd6-4427-bbbc-bc2d6f70889c", "source_id": "795c5082-1dd6-4427-bbbc-bc2d6f70889c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the stability of projection-based linear reduced-order models:\n Descriptor vs non-descriptor forms", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two comprehensive approaches are considered for constructing projection-based\nreduced-order computational models for linear dynamical systems. The first one\nreduces the governing equations written in the descriptor form, using a\nGalerkin or Petrov-Galerkin projection onto a reduced-order basis or pair of\nthem, respectively. These bases can be constructed by any preferred method such\nas the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Balanced Proper Orthogonal\nDecomposition, or Moment Matching method. The second approach transforms first\nthe governing equations into their non-descriptor form before applying the same\nprojection-based model order reduction method. For several structural and\ncoupled fluid-structure dynamical systems, it is observed that the first\nreduction approach leads to reduced-order models that exhibit significantly\nbetter numerical stability and accuracy properties than those resulting from\nthe second one. These observations are reinforced by theoretical results that\nanticipate and confirm the better stability properties obtained in general when\nreducing the descriptor rather than non-descriptor form of the equations\ngoverning a linear dynamical system.\n" }, { "id": "adda2355-e1c9-4b22-a138-5a8036a838f2", "adv_source_id": "adda2355-e1c9-4b22-a138-5a8036a838f2", "source_id": "adda2355-e1c9-4b22-a138-5a8036a838f2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Red Nuggets at High Redshift: Structural Evolution of Quiescent Galaxies\n Over 10 Gyr of Cosmic History", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an analysis of the size growth seen in early-type galaxies over 10\nGyr of cosmic time. Our analysis is based on a homogeneous synthesis of\npublished data from 17 spectroscopic surveys observed at similar spatial\nresolution, augmented by new measurements for galaxies in the Gemini Deep Deep\nSurvey. In total, our sample contains structural data for 465 galaxies (mainly\nearly-type) in the redshift range 0.2>1. In a non-uniform plasma it is found that the\nspatially-integrated damping rate due to phase mixing is lower in Hall MHD than\nit is in MHD, but the reduction in the damping rate, which can be attributed to\nthe effects of wave dispersion, tends to zero in both the weak and strong phase\nmixing limits.\n" }, { "id": "e8034a82-fef7-4a02-a9e1-415f84acfa37", "adv_source_id": "e8034a82-fef7-4a02-a9e1-415f84acfa37", "source_id": "e8034a82-fef7-4a02-a9e1-415f84acfa37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Categorical Treatment of Ornaments", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ornaments aim at taming the multiplication of special-purpose datatype in\ndependently-typed theory. In its original form, the definition of ornaments is\ntied to a particular universe of datatypes. Being a type theoretic object,\nconstructions on ornaments are typically explained through an operational\nnarrative. This overbearing concreteness calls for an abstract model of\nornaments.\n In this paper, we give a categorical model of ornaments. As a necessary first\nstep, we abstract the universe of datatypes using the theory of polynomial\nfunctors. We are then able to characterize ornaments as cartesian morphisms\nbetween polynomial functors. We thus gain access to powerful mathematical tools\nthat shall help us understand and develop ornaments.\n We shall also illustrate the adequacy of our model. Firstly, we rephrase the\nstandard ornamental constructions into our framework. Thanks to its\nconciseness, this process gives us a deeper understanding of the structures at\nplay. Secondly, we develop new ornamental constructions, by translating\ncategorical structures into type theoretic artifacts.\n" }, { "id": "5580f43f-6e08-401b-95d6-a5ac54ada0c5", "adv_source_id": "5580f43f-6e08-401b-95d6-a5ac54ada0c5", "source_id": "5580f43f-6e08-401b-95d6-a5ac54ada0c5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gauge Invariant Action for the Open Bosonic String: Tachyon Action", "prompt": null, "generation": " A gauge invariant action for the open bosonic string has been proposed in an\nearlier paper. We work out the consequences of this proposal for the lowest\nmode, viz. the tachyon. The action can be calculated for generic momenta,\nperturbatively, order by order in the tachyon field. For on shell tachyons we\nexplicitly calculate the cubic action and show that it reproduces the correct\nequations of motion and coincides wih the $\\beta$ function to the required\norder. The calculation is done in terms of bare fields with a finite cutoff,\nwhich is the original prescription. We also show that it is possible in some\nmomentum regions to renormalize the theory and eliminate the cutoff dependence\nso that the continuum limit can be taken. After renormalization, the parameter\n$R\\over a$ is replaced by $R\\over L$ where $R$ is an IR cutoff, $a$ is the UV\ncutoff and $L$ is some renormalization scale. There is also some arbitrariness\nin the overall normalization due to the choice of regularization scheme - this\ndoes not affect on-shell quantities. We also rederive within this scheme, the\naction in the region of zero momentum, which gives the exact (tree level)\ntachyon potential. The tachyon potential is consistent with Sen's conjecture\nthat the height of the potential is the same as the tension of the brane.\n" }, { "id": "04fed718-518b-4355-b213-c458c091cb38", "adv_source_id": "04fed718-518b-4355-b213-c458c091cb38", "source_id": "04fed718-518b-4355-b213-c458c091cb38", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling Fibril Fragmentation in Real-Time", "prompt": null, "generation": " During the application of mass-action equation models to the study of amyloid\nfiber formation, time-consuming numerical calculations constitute a major\nbottleneck when no analytical solution is available. To conquer this\ndifficulty, here an alternative efficient method is introduced for the\nfragmentation-only model. It includes two basic steps: (1) simulate\nclose-formed time-evolution equations for the number concentration P(t) derived\nfrom the moment-closure method; (2) reconstruct the detailed fiber length\ndistribution based on the knowledge of moments obtained in the first step.\nCompared to direct solution, current method speeds up the calculation by at\nleast ten thousand times. The accuracy is also quite satastifactory if suitable\nforms of approximate distribution fucntion is taken. Further application to\nPI264-b-PFS48 micelles study performed by Guerin et al. confirms our method is\nvery promising for the real-time analysis of the experimental data on fiber\nfragmentation.\n" }, { "id": "dcc13288-747d-4bdb-adee-2ffa9b76fe79", "adv_source_id": "dcc13288-747d-4bdb-adee-2ffa9b76fe79", "source_id": "dcc13288-747d-4bdb-adee-2ffa9b76fe79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Combinatorics of Tripartite Boundary Connections for Trees and Dimers", "prompt": null, "generation": " A grove is a spanning forest of a planar graph in which every component tree\ncontains at least one of a special subset of vertices on the outer face called\nnodes. For the natural probability measure on groves, we compute various\nconnection probabilities for the nodes in a random grove. In particular, for\n\"tripartite\" pairings of the nodes, the probability can be computed as a\nPfaffian in the entries of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann matrix (discrete Hilbert\ntransform) of the graph. These formulas generalize the determinant formulas\ngiven by Curtis, Ingerman, and Morrow, and by Fomin, for parallel pairings.\nThese Pfaffian formulas are used to give exact expressions for reconstruction:\nreconstructing the conductances of a planar graph from boundary measurements.\nWe prove similar theorems for the double-dimer model on bipartite planar\ngraphs.\n" }, { "id": "5d529892-487d-4b39-a624-5a0c793aae24", "adv_source_id": "5d529892-487d-4b39-a624-5a0c793aae24", "source_id": "5d529892-487d-4b39-a624-5a0c793aae24", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Compression of Cryptographic Keys", "prompt": null, "generation": " Any secured system can be modeled as a capability-based access control system\nin which each user is given a set of secret keys of the resources he is granted\naccess to. In some large systems with resource-constrained devices, such as\nsensor networks and RFID systems, the design is sensitive to memory or key\nstorage cost. With a goal to minimize the maximum users' key storage, key\ncompression based on key linking, that is, deriving one key from another\nwithout compromising security, is studied. A lower bound on key storage needed\nfor a general access structure with key derivation is derived. This bound\ndemonstrates the theoretic limit of any systems which do not trade off security\nand can be treated as a negative result to provide ground for designs with\nsecurity tradeoff. A concrete, provably secure key linking scheme based on\npseudorandom functions is given. Using the key linking framework, a number of\nkey pre-distribution schemes in the literature are analyzed.\n" }, { "id": "997e7331-0e49-421a-b04d-a179ba52a39b", "adv_source_id": "997e7331-0e49-421a-b04d-a179ba52a39b", "source_id": "997e7331-0e49-421a-b04d-a179ba52a39b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Conductance of disordered graphene superlattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the conductance of disordered graphene superlattices with\nshort-range structural correlations. The system consists of electron- and\nhole-doped graphenes of various thicknesses, which fluctuate randomly around\ntheir mean value. The effect of the randomness on the probability of\ntransmission through the system of various sizes is studied. We show that in a\ndisordered superlattice the quasiparticle that approaches the barrier interface\nalmost perpendicularly transmits through the system. The conductivity of the\nfinite-size system is computed and shown that the conductance vanishes when the\nsample size becomes very large, whereas for some specific structures the\nconductance tends to a nonzero value in the thermodynamics limit.\n" }, { "id": "b7d8575a-b45a-43ca-8543-9da250cf066c", "adv_source_id": "b7d8575a-b45a-43ca-8543-9da250cf066c", "source_id": "b7d8575a-b45a-43ca-8543-9da250cf066c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reconstructing the Near-IR Background Fluctuations from known Galaxy\n Populations using Multiband Measurements of Luminosity Functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We model fluctuations in the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) arising from\nknown galaxy populations using 233 measured UV, optical and NIR luminosity\nfunctions (LF) from a variety of surveys spanning a wide range of redshifts. We\ncompare best-fit Schechter parameters across the literature and find clear\nindication of evolution with redshift. Providing fitting formulae for the\nmulti-band evolution of the LFs out to z~5, we calculate the total emission\nredshifted into the near-IR bands in the observer frame and recover the\nobserved optical and near-IR galaxy counts to a good accuracy. Our empirical\napproach, in conjunction with a halo model describing the clustering of\ngalaxies, allows us to compute the fluctuations of the unresolved CIB and\ncompare the models to current measurements. We find that fluctuations from\nknown galaxy populations are unable to account for the large scale CIB\nclustering signal seen by Spitzer/IRAC and AKARI/IRC and continue to diverge\nout to larger angular scales. This holds true even if the LFs are extrapolated\nout to faint magnitudes with a steep faint-end slope all the way to z=8. We\nalso show that removing resolved sources to progressively fainter magnitude\nlimits, isolates CIB fluctuations to increasingly higher redshifts. Our\nempirical approach suggests that known galaxy populations are not responsible\nfor the bulk of the fluctuation signal seen in the measurements and favors a\nvery faint population of highly clustered sources.\n" }, { "id": "2f902f09-693e-4d15-92dd-9aefcedf9009", "adv_source_id": "2f902f09-693e-4d15-92dd-9aefcedf9009", "source_id": "2f902f09-693e-4d15-92dd-9aefcedf9009", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Restricted Isometry Property for Random Block Diagonal Matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " In Compressive Sensing, the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) ensures that\nrobust recovery of sparse vectors is possible from noisy, undersampled\nmeasurements via computationally tractable algorithms. It is by now well-known\nthat Gaussian (or, more generally, sub-Gaussian) random matrices satisfy the\nRIP under certain conditions on the number of measurements. Their use can be\nlimited in practice, however, due to storage limitations, computational\nconsiderations, or the mismatch of such matrices with certain measurement\narchitectures. These issues have recently motivated considerable effort towards\nstudying the RIP for structured random matrices. In this paper, we study the\nRIP for block diagonal measurement matrices where each block on the main\ndiagonal is itself a sub-Gaussian random matrix. Our main result states that\nsuch matrices can indeed satisfy the RIP but that the requisite number of\nmeasurements depends on certain properties of the basis in which the signals\nare sparse. In the best case, these matrices perform nearly as well as dense\nGaussian random matrices, despite having many fewer nonzero entries.\n" }, { "id": "41c1264d-5c0f-46b2-b575-eebb0f35161f", "adv_source_id": "41c1264d-5c0f-46b2-b575-eebb0f35161f", "source_id": "41c1264d-5c0f-46b2-b575-eebb0f35161f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Elementary excitations and the phase transition in the bimodal Ising\n spin glass model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show how the nature of the the phase transition in the two-dimensional\nbimodal Ising spin glass model can be understood in terms of elementary\nexcitations. Although the energy gap with the ground state is expected to be 4J\nin the ferromagnetic phase, a gap 2J is in fact found if the finite lattice is\nwound around a cylinder of odd circumference $L$. This 2J gap is really a\nfinite size effect that should not occur in the thermodynamic limit of the\nferromagnet. The spatial influence of the frustration must be limited and not\nwrap around the system if $L$ is large enough. In essence, the absence of 2J\nexcitations defines the ferromagnetic phase without recourse to calculating\nmagnetisation or investigating the system response to domain wall defects. This\nstudy directly investigates the response to temperature. We also estimate the\ndefect concentration where the phase transition to the spin glass glass state\noccurs. The value $p_c = 0.1045(11)$ is in reasonable agreement with the\nliterature.\n" }, { "id": "331bd3dd-a8a5-4680-9f53-63ae04d806c9", "adv_source_id": "331bd3dd-a8a5-4680-9f53-63ae04d806c9", "source_id": "331bd3dd-a8a5-4680-9f53-63ae04d806c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "15 GHz Monitoring of Gamma-ray Blazars with the OVRO 40 Meter Telescope\n in Support of Fermi", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results from the first two years of our fast-cadence 15 GHz\ngamma-ray blazar monitoring program, part of the F-GAMMA radio monitoring\nproject. Our sample includes the 1158 blazars north of -20 degrees declination\nfrom the Candidate Gamma-Ray Blazar Survey (CGRaBS), which encompasses a\nsignificant fraction of the extragalactic sources detected by the Fermi\nGamma-ray Space Telescope. We introduce a novel likelihood analysis for\ncomputing a time series variability amplitude statistic that separates\nintrinsic variability from measurement noise and produces a quantitative error\nestimate. We use this method to characterize our radio light curves. We also\npresent results indicating a statistically significant correlation between\nsimultaneous average 15 GHz radio flux density and gamma-ray photon flux.\n" }, { "id": "0342c778-4087-4099-a5e9-c82265b992b9", "adv_source_id": "0342c778-4087-4099-a5e9-c82265b992b9", "source_id": "0342c778-4087-4099-a5e9-c82265b992b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Oxford SWIFT IFS and multi-wavelength observations of the Eagle galaxy\n at z=0.77", "prompt": null, "generation": " The `Eagle' galaxy at a redshift of 0.77 is studied with the Oxford Short\nWavelength Integral Field Spectrograph (SWIFT) and multi-wavelength data from\nthe All-wavelength Extended Groth strip International Survey (AEGIS). It was\nchosen from AEGIS because of the bright and extended emission in its slit\nspectrum. Three dimensional kinematic maps of the Eagle reveal a gradient in\nvelocity dispersion which spans 35-75 +/- 10 km/s and a rotation velocity of 25\n+/- 5 km/s uncorrected for inclination. Hubble Space Telescope images suggest\nit is close to face-on. In comparison with galaxies from AEGIS at similar\nredshifts, the Eagle is extremely bright and blue in the rest-frame optical,\nhighly star-forming, dominated by unobscured star-formation, and has a low\nmetallicity for its size. This is consistent with its selection. The Eagle is\nlikely undergoing a major merger and is caught in the early stage of a\nstar-burst when it has not yet experienced metal enrichment or formed the mass\nof dust typically found in star-forming galaxies.\n" }, { "id": "1b354fb5-ca2a-4aad-b5f8-c24e43a00996", "adv_source_id": "1b354fb5-ca2a-4aad-b5f8-c24e43a00996", "source_id": "1b354fb5-ca2a-4aad-b5f8-c24e43a00996", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for charged Higgs bosons through the violation of lepton\n universality in ttbar events using pp collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with\n the ATLAS experiment", "prompt": null, "generation": " In several extensions of the Standard Model, the top quark can decay into a\nbottom quark and a light charged Higgs boson H+, t to bH+, in addition to the\nStandard Model decay t to bW. Since W bosons decay to the three lepton\ngenerations equally, while H+ may predominantly decay into tau+nu, charged\nHiggs bosons can be searched for using the violation of lepton universality in\ntop quark decays. The analysis in this paper is based on 4.6/fb of\nproton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS\nexperiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Signatures containing leptons (e or\nmu) and/or a hadronically decaying tau (tau_had) are used. Event yield ratios\nbetween e+tau_had and e+mu, as well as between mu+tau_had and mu+e, final\nstates are measured in the data and compared to predictions from simulations.\nThis ratio-based method reduces the impact of systematic uncertainties in the\nanalysis. No significant deviation from the Standard Model predictions is\nobserved. With the assumption that the branching fraction B(H+ to tau+nu) is\n100%, upper limits in the range 3.2%-4.4% can be placed on the branching\nfraction B(t to bH+) for charged Higgs boson masses m(H+) in the range 90-140\nGeV. After combination with results from a search for charged Higgs bosons in\nttbar decays using the tau_had+jets final state, upper limits on B(t to bH+)\ncan be set in the range 0.8%-3.4%, for m(H+) in the range 90-160 GeV.\n" }, { "id": "185e0452-67d5-4a47-98e7-12acd667e1e9", "adv_source_id": "185e0452-67d5-4a47-98e7-12acd667e1e9", "source_id": "185e0452-67d5-4a47-98e7-12acd667e1e9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Physics of Protoplanetesimal Dust Agglomerates. III. Compaction in\n Multiple Collisions", "prompt": null, "generation": " To study the evolution of protoplanetary dust aggregates, we performed\nexperiments with up to 2600 collisions between single, highly-porous dust\naggregates and a solid plate. The dust aggregates consisted of spherical\nSiO$_2$ grains with 1.5$\\mu$m diameter and had an initial volume filling factor\n(the volume fraction of material) of $\\phi_0=0.15$. The aggregates were put\nonto a vibrating baseplate and, thus, performed multiple collisions with the\nplate at a mean velocity of 0.2 m s$^{-1}$. The dust aggregates were observed\nby a high-speed camera to measure their size which apparently decreased over\ntime as a measure for their compaction. After 1000 collisions the volume\nfilling factor was increased by a factor of two, while after $\\sim2000$\ncollisions it converged to an equilibrium of $\\phi\\approx0.36$. In few\nexperiments the aggregate fragmented, although the collision velocity was well\nbelow the canonical fragmentation threshold of $\\sim1$ m s$^{-1}$. The\ncompaction of the aggregate has an influence on the surface-to-mass ratio and\nthereby the dynamic behavior and relative velocities of dust aggregates in the\nprotoplanetary nebula. Moreover, macroscopic material parameters, namely the\ntensile strength, shear strength, and compressive strength, are altered by the\ncompaction of the aggregates, which has an influence on their further\ncollisional behavior. The occurrence of fragmentation requires a reassessment\nof the fragmentation threshold velocity.\n" }, { "id": "4615fac4-5f4f-46fd-a216-027b9f7c6c08", "adv_source_id": "4615fac4-5f4f-46fd-a216-027b9f7c6c08", "source_id": "4615fac4-5f4f-46fd-a216-027b9f7c6c08", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Small Littlewood-Richardson coefficients", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop structural insights into the Littlewood-Richardson graph, whose\nnumber of vertices equals the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient\nc({\\lambda},{\\mu},{\\nu}) for given partitions {\\lambda}, {\\mu}, and {\\nu}. This\ngraph was first introduced by B\\\"urgisser and Ikenmeyer in arXiv:1204.2484,\nwhere its connectedness was proved.\n Our insights are useful for the design of algorithms for computing the\nLittlewood-Richardson coefficient: We design an algorithm for the exact\ncomputation of c({\\lambda},{\\mu},{\\nu}) with running time\nO(c({\\lambda},{\\mu},{\\nu})^2 poly(n)), where {\\lambda}, {\\mu}, and {\\nu} are\npartitions of length at most n. Moreover, we introduce an algorithm for\ndeciding whether c({\\lambda},{\\mu},{\\nu}) >= t whose running time is O(t^2\npoly(n)). Even the existence of a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding\nwhether c({\\lambda},{\\mu},{\\nu}) >= 2 is a nontrivial new result on its own.\n Our insights also lead to the proof of a conjecture by King, Tollu, and\nToumazet posed in 2004, stating that c({\\lambda},{\\mu},{\\nu}) = 2 implies\nc(M{\\lambda},M{\\mu},M{\\nu}) = M + 1 for all M. Here, the stretching of\npartitions is defined componentwise.\n" }, { "id": "9f212622-36e7-48eb-bdb1-3aaf02e5b5a3", "adv_source_id": "9f212622-36e7-48eb-bdb1-3aaf02e5b5a3", "source_id": "9f212622-36e7-48eb-bdb1-3aaf02e5b5a3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Equilibrium states and invariant measures for random dynamical systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Random dynamical systems with countably many maps which admit countable\nMarkov partitions on complete metric spaces such that the resulting Markov\nsystems are uniformly continuous and contractive are considered. A\nnon-degeneracy and a consistency conditions for such systems, which admit some\nproper Markov partitions of connected spaces, are introduced, and further\nsufficient conditions for them are provided. It is shown that every uniformly\ncontinuous Markov system associated with a continuous random dynamical system\nis consistent if it has a dominating Markov chain. A necessary and sufficient\ncondition for the existence of an invariant Borel probability measure for such\na non-degenerate system with a dominating Markov chain and a finite (16) is\ngiven. The condition is also sufficient if the non-degeneracy is weakened with\nthe consistency condition. A further sufficient condition for the existence of\nan invariant measure for such a consistent system which involves only the\nproperties of the dominating Markov chain is provided. In particular, it\nimplies that every such a consistent system with a finite Markov partition and\na finite (16) has an invariant Borel probability measure. A bijective map\nbetween these measures and equilibrium states associated with such a system is\nestablished in the non-degenerate case. Some properties of the map and the\nmeasures are given.\n" }, { "id": "fb6fef62-9a45-4220-a398-416537aa4cbc", "adv_source_id": "fb6fef62-9a45-4220-a398-416537aa4cbc", "source_id": "fb6fef62-9a45-4220-a398-416537aa4cbc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Local and global geometry of Prony systems and Fourier reconstruction of\n piecewise-smooth functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Many reconstruction problems in signal processing require solution of a\ncertain kind of nonlinear systems of algebraic equations, which we call Prony\nsystems. We study these systems from a general perspective, addressing\nquestions of global solvability and stable inversion. Of special interest are\nthe so-called \"near-singular\" situations, such as a collision of two closely\nspaced nodes.\n We also discuss the problem of reconstructing piecewise-smooth functions from\ntheir Fourier coefficients, which is easily reduced by a well-known method of\nK.Eckhoff to solving a particular Prony system. As we show in the paper, it\nturns out that a modification of this highly nonlinear method can reconstruct\nthe jump locations and magnitudes of such functions, as well as the pointwise\nvalues between the jumps, with the maximal possible accuracy.\n" }, { "id": "0059a375-4f8e-4c76-bb91-e0822d5c0124", "adv_source_id": "0059a375-4f8e-4c76-bb91-e0822d5c0124", "source_id": "0059a375-4f8e-4c76-bb91-e0822d5c0124", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Assessment of the RE(OH)3 Ising-like Magnetic Materials as Possible\n Candidates for the Study of Transverse-Field-Induced Quantum Phase\n Transitions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The LiHo$_x$Y$_{1-x}$F$_4$ Ising magnetic material subject to a magnetic\nfield, $B_x$, perpendicular to the Ho$^{3+}$ Ising direction has shown over the\npast twenty years to be a host of very interesting thermodynamic and magnetic\nphenomena. Unfortunately, the availability of other magnetic materials other\nthan LiHo$_x$Y$_{1-x}$F$_4$ that may be described by a transverse field Ising\nmodel remains very much limited. It is in this context that we use here\nmean-field theory to investigate the suitability of the Ho(OH)$_{3}$,\nDy(OH)$_{3}$ and Tb(OH)$_3$ insulating hexagonal dipolar Ising-like\nferromagnets for the study of the quantum phase transition induced by a\nmagnetic field, $B_x$, applied perpendicular to the Ising spin direction. From\nour calculations we estimate the critical transverse field, $B_{x}^{c}$, to\ndestroy ferromagnetic order at zero temperature to be $B_{x}^{c}=$4.35 T,\n$B_{x}^{c}=$5.03 T and $B_{x}^{c}=$54.81 T for Ho(OH)$_{3}$, Dy(OH)$_{3}$ and\nTb(OH)$_{3}$, respectively. We conclude from our calculations that Ho(OH)$_{3}$\nand Dy(OH)$_{3}$, and their Y$^{3+}$ diamagnetically diluted variants,\nHo$_{x}$Y$_{1-x}$(OH)$_{3}$ and Dy$_{x}$Y$_{1-x}$(OH)$_{3}$, are potentially\ninteresting systems to study transverse-field induced quantum fluctuations\neffects in hard axis (Ising-like) magnetic materials.\n" }, { "id": "0368fb96-d573-4ddb-a587-de8614c12015", "adv_source_id": "0368fb96-d573-4ddb-a587-de8614c12015", "source_id": "0368fb96-d573-4ddb-a587-de8614c12015", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Clusters and halos in light nuclei", "prompt": null, "generation": " The fermionic molecular dynamics approach uses Gaussian wave packets as\nsingle-particle basis states. Many-body basis states are Slater determinants\nprojected on parity, angular momentum and total linear momentum. The\nwave-packet basis is very flexible - FMD contains harmonic oscillator shell\nmodel and Brink-type cluster states as special cases. The parameters of the\nwave packets are obtained by variation. A realistic effective interaction\nderived from the Argonne V18 interaction by means of the unitary correlation\noperator method is employed. We discuss the fully microscopic calculation of\nthe 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be capture reaction within the FMD approach. The model\nspace contains frozen cluster configurations at large distances and polarized\nconfigurations in the interaction region. The polarized configurations are\nessential for a successful description of the 7Be bound state properties and\nfor the S- and D-wave scattering states. The calculated cross section agrees\nwell with recent measurements regarding both the absolute normalization and the\nenergy dependence. We also discuss the structure of the cluster states,\nincluding the famous Hoyle state, in 12C. From the two-body densities we\nconclude that the Hoyle state has a spatially extended triangular alpha-cluster\nstructure, whereas the third 0+ state features a chain-like obtuse triangle\nstructure. We also calculate the N hbar Omega decomposition of our wave\nfunctions to illuminate the challenges of no-core shell model calculations for\nthese cluster states.\n" }, { "id": "f7cc4bf1-ae86-4f48-95d2-1477bb40ab69", "adv_source_id": "f7cc4bf1-ae86-4f48-95d2-1477bb40ab69", "source_id": "f7cc4bf1-ae86-4f48-95d2-1477bb40ab69", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics of Black Hole Pairs II: Spherical Orbits and the Homoclinic\n Limit of Zoom-Whirliness", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spinning black hole pairs exhibit a range of complicated dynamical behaviors.\nAn interest in eccentric and zoom-whirl orbits has ironically inspired the\nfocus of this paper: the constant radius orbits. When black hole spins are\nmisaligned, the constant radius orbits are not circles but rather lie on the\nsurface of a sphere and have acquired the name \"spherical orbits\". The\nspherical orbits are significant as they energetically frame the distribution\nof all orbits. In addition, each unstable spherical orbit is asymptotically\napproached by an orbit that whirls an infinite number of times, known as a\nhomoclinic orbit. A homoclinic trajectory is an infinite whirl limit of the\nzoom-whirl spectrum and has a further significance as the separatrix between\ninspiral and plunge for eccentric orbits. We work in the context of two\nspinning black holes of comparable mass as described in the 3PN Hamiltonian\nwith spin-orbit coupling included. As such, the results could provide a testing\nground of the accuracy of the PN expansion. Further, the spherical orbits could\nprovide useful initial data for numerical relativity. Finally, we comment that\nthe spinning black hole pairs should give way to chaos around the homoclinic\norbit when spin-spin coupling is incorporated.\n" }, { "id": "6f61dc6a-7f12-4021-897d-d485f45c59d3", "adv_source_id": "6f61dc6a-7f12-4021-897d-d485f45c59d3", "source_id": "6f61dc6a-7f12-4021-897d-d485f45c59d3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new flare star member candidate in the Pleiades cluster", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a new flare star, which was discovered during our survey on a\nselected field at the edge of the Pleiades cluster. The field was observed in\nthe period 2007 - 2010 with three different CCD-cameras at the University\nObservatory Jena with telescopes from 25 to 90 cm. The flare duration is almost\none hour with an amplitude in the R-band of about 1.08 mag. The location of the\nflare star in a color-magnitude diagram is consistent with age and distance of\nthe Pleiades. In the optical PSF of the flare star there are two 2MASS objects\n(unresolved in most images in the optical Jena PSF), so it is not yet known\nwhich one of them is responsible for this flare. The BVRIJHK colors yield\nspectral types of M1 and M2 with extinction being A_V=0.231+/-0.024 mag and\nA_V=0.266+/-0.020 for those two stars, consistent with the Pleiades cluster.\n" }, { "id": "bdef67d3-0352-42d3-8f5c-2a2a7b250397", "adv_source_id": "bdef67d3-0352-42d3-8f5c-2a2a7b250397", "source_id": "bdef67d3-0352-42d3-8f5c-2a2a7b250397", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Top Seesaw on a 5D Playground", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study quantum corrections to an extra dimensional Yukawa theory where a\nsingle flat extra spatial dimension is compactified on an interval. At a UV\nscale this theory can be made equivalent to a 5D theory with a bulk\nfour-fermion operator by choosing appropriate boundary conditions for the\nrunning of the low-energy theory. Using the fermion bubble approximation we\nfind vacuum solutions which break the chiral symmetries that arise from\ncompactification. Of particular interest are the form of brane localized terms\nwhich arise from fermion loops. For example, quadratically divergent\ncontributions to the scalar mass are absent at one loop due to a remnant of 5D\nLorentz invariance that is only lost after introducing fermion bulk masses. The\nmodel is interpreted as an implementation of top condensation in extra\ndimensions with an automatic seesaw mechanism.\n" }, { "id": "cc9b378e-3305-43e6-94a1-1e6d1efca036", "adv_source_id": "cc9b378e-3305-43e6-94a1-1e6d1efca036", "source_id": "cc9b378e-3305-43e6-94a1-1e6d1efca036", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasienergy spectrum and tunneling current in ac-driven triple quantum\n dot shuttles", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dynamics of electrons in ac driven double quantum dots have been\nextensively analyzed by means of Floquet theory. In these systems, coherent\ndestruction of tunneling has been shown to occur for certain ac field\nparameters. In the present work we analyze, by means of Floquet theory, the\nelectron dynamics of a triple quantum dot in series attached to electric\ncontacts, where the central dot position oscillates. In particular, we analyze\nthe quasienergy spectrum of this ac driven nanoelectromechanical system, as a\nfunction of the intensity and frequency of the ac field and of external dc\nvoltages. For strong driving fields, we derive, by means of perturbation\ntheory, analytical expressions for the quasienergies of the driven oscillator\nsystem. From this analysis we discuss the conditions for coherent destruction\nof tunneling (CDT) to occur as a function of detuning and field parameters. For\nzero detuning, and from the invariance of the Floquet Hamiltonian under a\ngeneralized parity transformation, we find analytical expressions describing\nthe symmetry properties of the Fourier components of the Floquet states under\nsuch transformation. By using these expressions, we show that in the vicinity\nof the CDT condition, the quasienergy spectrum exhibits exact crossings which\ncan be characterized by the parity properties of the corresponding\neigenvectors.\n" }, { "id": "c59171de-351c-48eb-a186-e62301913fd0", "adv_source_id": "c59171de-351c-48eb-a186-e62301913fd0", "source_id": "c59171de-351c-48eb-a186-e62301913fd0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "SAGACE: the Spectroscopic Active Galaxies And Clusters Explorer", "prompt": null, "generation": " The SAGACE experiment consists of a mm/sub-mm telescope with a 3-m diameter\nprimary mirror, coupled to a cryogenic multi-beam differential spectrometer.\nSAGACE explores the sky in the 100-760 GHz frequency range, using four\ndiffraction-limited bolometer arrays. The instrument is designed to perform\nspectroscopic surveys of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects of thousands of galaxy\nclusters, of the spectral energy distribution of active galactic nuclei, and of\nthe [CII] line of a thousand galaxies in the redshift desert. In 2008 a full\nphase-A study for a national small mission was completed and delivered to the\nItalian Space Agency (ASI). We have shown that taking advantage of the\ndifferential operation of the Fourier Transform Spectrometer, this ambitious\ninstrument can operate from a Molniya orbit, and can be built and operated\nwithin the tight budget of a small mission.\n" }, { "id": "4532f7ad-47c7-4968-95ac-e84d6b1a2eee", "adv_source_id": "4532f7ad-47c7-4968-95ac-e84d6b1a2eee", "source_id": "4532f7ad-47c7-4968-95ac-e84d6b1a2eee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rokhlin dimension and C*-dynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop the concept of Rokhlin dimension for integer and for finite group\nactions on C*-algebras. Our notion generalizes the so-called Rokhlin property,\nwhich can be thought of as Rokhlin dimension 0. We show that finite Rokhlin\ndimension is prevalent and appears in cases in which the Rokhlin property\ncannot be expected: the property of having finite Rokhlin dimension is generic\nfor automorphisms of Z-stable C*-algebras, where Z denotes the Jiang-Su\nalgebra. Moreover, crossed products by automorphisms with finite Rokhlin\ndimension preserve the property of having finite nuclear dimension, and under a\nmild additional hypothesis also preserve Z-stability. In topological dynamics\nour notion may be interpreted as a topological version of the classical Rokhlin\nlemma: automorphisms arising from minimal homeomorphisms of finite dimensional\ncompact metrizable spaces always have finite Rokhlin dimension. The latter\nresult has by now been generalized by Szabo to the case of free and aperiodic\ninteger (in fact, Z^d) actions on compact metrizable and finite dimensional\nspaces.\n" }, { "id": "f606019f-38ee-44bd-8f88-a17f2596a9a0", "adv_source_id": "f606019f-38ee-44bd-8f88-a17f2596a9a0", "source_id": "f606019f-38ee-44bd-8f88-a17f2596a9a0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Performance of Modeling wireless networks in realistic environment", "prompt": null, "generation": " A wireless network is realized by mobile devices which communicate over radio\nchannels. Since, experiments of real life problem with real devices are very\ndifficult, simulation is used very often. Among many other important properties\nthat have to be defined for simulative experiments, the mobility model and the\nradio propagation model have to be selected carefully. Both have strong impact\non the performance of mobile wireless networks, e.g., the performance of\nrouting protocols varies with these models. There are many mobility and radio\npropagation models proposed in literature. Each of them was developed with\ndifferent objectives and is not suited for every physical scenario. The radio\npropagation models used in common wireless network simulators, in general\nresearcher consider simple radio propagation models and neglect obstacles in\nthe propagation environment. In this paper, we study the performance of\nwireless networks simulation by consider different Radio propagation models\nwith considering obstacles in the propagation environment. In this paper we\nanalyzed the performance of wireless networks by OPNET Modeler .In this paper\nwe quantify the parameters such as throughput, packet received attenuation.\n" }, { "id": "4b78fd49-0095-4023-b02a-85595d21415d", "adv_source_id": "4b78fd49-0095-4023-b02a-85595d21415d", "source_id": "4b78fd49-0095-4023-b02a-85595d21415d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Cosmological Constant and the Gravitational Light Bending", "prompt": null, "generation": " The solution of the null non-radial geodesic in a Schwarzschild-de Sitter\nbackground is revisited. The gravitational bending of a light ray is affected\nby the cosmological constant, in agreement with the findings of some previous\ninvestigations. The present study confirms that the leading correction term\ndepends directly not only on the cosmological constant but also on the impact\nparameter and on the angular distance to the source. Using the resulting lens\nequation, the projected mass of the lens was estimated for several systems\ndisplaying Einstein rings. Corrections on masses due to the cosmological\nconstant are, on the average, of the order of 2%, indicating that they are not\ncompletly negligible for lens systems at cosmological distances.\n" }, { "id": "b1e95518-10a6-49ca-96cb-21cb0469246d", "adv_source_id": "b1e95518-10a6-49ca-96cb-21cb0469246d", "source_id": "b1e95518-10a6-49ca-96cb-21cb0469246d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimizing Anharmonicity in Nanoscale Weak Link Josephson Junction\n Oscillators", "prompt": null, "generation": " Josephson tunnel junctions are widely used as nonlinear elements in\nsuperconducting circuits such as low noise amplifiers and quantum bits.\nHowever, microscopic defects in the oxide tunnel barrier can produce low and\nhigh frequency noise which can potentially limit the coherence times and\nquality factors of resonant circuits. Weak link Josephson junctions are an\nattractive alternative provided that sufficient nonlinearity can be engineered.\nWe compute the current phase relation for superconducting weak links, with\ndimensions comparable to the zero temperature coherence length, connected to\ntwo and three dimensional superconducting electrodes. Our results indicate that\n50-100 nm long aluminum nanobridges connected with three dimensional banks can\nbe used to construct nonlinear oscillators for bifurcation amplification. We\nalso show that under static current bias, these oscillators have a sufficiently\nanharmonic energy level structure to form a qubit. Such weak link junctions\nthus present a practical new route for realizing sensitive quantum circuits.\n" }, { "id": "be8f4196-4cbc-460b-aef8-5ebecb00d44b", "adv_source_id": "be8f4196-4cbc-460b-aef8-5ebecb00d44b", "source_id": "be8f4196-4cbc-460b-aef8-5ebecb00d44b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Green Cellular Network Deployment To Reduce RF Pollution", "prompt": null, "generation": " As the mobile telecommunication systems are growing tremendously all over the\nworld, the numbers of handheld and base stations are also rapidly growing and\nit became very popular to see these base stations distributed everywhere in the\nneighborhood and on roof tops which has caused a considerable amount of panic\nto the public in Palestine concerning wither the radiated electromagnetic\nfields from these base stations may cause any health effect or hazard. Recently\nUP High Court in India ordered for removal of BTS towers from residential area,\nit has created panic among cellular communication network designers too. Green\ncellular networks could be a solution for the above problem. This paper deals\nwith green cellular networks with the help of multi-layer overlaid hierarchical\nstructure (macro / micro / pico / femto cells). Macrocell for area coverage,\nmicro for pedestrian and a slow moving traffic while pico for indoor use and\nfemto for individual high capacity users. This could be the answer of the\nproblem of energy conservation and enhancement of spectral density also.\n" }, { "id": "ab0fb618-0279-483f-b927-0c11e0e84e9d", "adv_source_id": "ab0fb618-0279-483f-b927-0c11e0e84e9d", "source_id": "ab0fb618-0279-483f-b927-0c11e0e84e9d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multiresolution Analysis Based on Coalescence Hidden-variable FIF", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present paper, multiresolution analysis arising from Coalescence\nHidden-variable Fractal Interpolation Functions (CHFIFs) is accomplished. The\navailability of a larger set of free variables and constrained variables with\nCHFIF in multiresolution analysis based on CHFIFs provides more control in\nreconstruction of functions in L2(\\mathbb{R})than that provided by\nmultiresolution analysis based only on Affine Fractal Interpolation Functions\n(AFIFs). In our approach, the vector space of CHFIFs is introduced, its\ndimension is determined and Riesz bases of vector subspaces Vk, k \\in\n\\mathbb{Z}, consisting of certain CHFIFs in L2(\\mathbb{R}) \\cap C0(\\mathbb{R})\nare constructed. As a special case, for the vector space of CHFIFs of dimension\n4, orthogonal bases for the vector subspaces Vk, k \\in \\mathbb{Z}, are\nexplicitly constructed and, using these bases, compactly supported continuous\northonormal wavelets are generated.\n" }, { "id": "c04b82fb-dad1-4af7-9a62-b65904c2039d", "adv_source_id": "c04b82fb-dad1-4af7-9a62-b65904c2039d", "source_id": "c04b82fb-dad1-4af7-9a62-b65904c2039d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Crossed Andreev reflection and spin-resolved non-local electron\n transport", "prompt": null, "generation": " The phenomenon of crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) is known to play a key\nrole in non-local electron transport across three-terminal\nnormal-superconducting-normal (NSN) devices. Here we review our general theory\nof non-local charge transport in three-terminal disordered\nferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet (FSF) structures. We demonstrate that\nCAR is highly sensitive to electron spins and yields a rich variety of\nproperties of non-local conductance which we describe non-perturbatively at\narbitrary voltages, temperature, degree of disorder, spin-dependent interface\ntransmissions and their polarizations. We demonstrate that magnetic effects\nhave different implications: While strong exchange field suppresses\ndisorder-induced electron interference in ferromagnetic electrodes,\nspin-sensitive electron scattering at SF interfaces can drive the total\nnon-local conductance negative at sufficiently low energies. At higher energies\nmagnetic effects become less important and the non-local resistance behaves\nsimilarly to the non-magnetic case. Our results can be applied to\nmulti-terminal hybrid structures with normal, ferromagnetic and half-metallic\nelectrodes and can be directly tested in future experiments.\n" }, { "id": "c11f7256-2fdf-4756-8c45-65fe13cdf191", "adv_source_id": "c11f7256-2fdf-4756-8c45-65fe13cdf191", "source_id": "c11f7256-2fdf-4756-8c45-65fe13cdf191", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multi-tier Network Performance Analysis using a Shotgun Cellular System", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper studies the carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) and\ncarrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR) performance at the mobile\nstation (MS) within a multi-tier network composed of M tiers of wireless\nnetworks, with each tier modeled as the homogeneous n-dimensional (n-D, n=1,2,\nand 3) shotgun cellular system, where the base station (BS) distribution is\ngiven by the homogeneous Poisson point process in n-D. The CIR and CINR at the\nMS in a single tier network are thoroughly analyzed to simplify the analysis of\nthe multi-tier network. For the multi-tier network with given system\nparameters, the following are the main results of this paper: (1)\nsemi-analytical expressions for the tail probabilities of CIR and CINR; (2) a\nclosed form expression for the tail probability of CIR in the range\n[1,Infinity); (3) a closed form expression for the tail probability of an\napproximation to CIR in the entire range [0,Infinity); (4) a lookup table based\napproach for obtaining the tail probability of CINR, and (5) the study of the\neffect of shadow fading and BSs with ideal sectorized antennas on the CIR and\nCINR. Based on these results, it is shown that, in a practical cellular system,\nthe installation of additional wireless networks (microcells, picocells and\nfemtocells) with low power BSs over the already existing macrocell network will\nalways improve the CINR performance at the MS.\n" }, { "id": "0e319830-6cfc-4634-bc7f-0a0e11d1a0f1", "adv_source_id": "0e319830-6cfc-4634-bc7f-0a0e11d1a0f1", "source_id": "0e319830-6cfc-4634-bc7f-0a0e11d1a0f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bending AdS Waves with New Massive Gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study AdS-waves in the three-dimensional new theory of massive gravity\nrecently proposed by Bergshoeff, Hohm, and Townsend. The general configuration\nof this type is derived and shown to exhibit different branches, with different\nasymptotic behaviors. In particular, for the special fine tuning\n$m^2=\\pm1/(2l^2)$, solutions with logarithmic fall-off arise, while in the\nrange $m^2>-1/(2l^2)$, spacetimes with Schrodinger isometry group are admitted\nas solutions. Solutions that are asymptotically AdS$_3$, both for\nBrown-Henneaux and for the weakened boundary conditions, are also identified.\nThe metric function that characterizes the profile of the AdS-wave behaves as a\nmassive excitation on the spacetime, with an effective mass given by\n$m_{eff}^2=m^2-1/(2l^2)$. For the critical value $m^2=-1/(2l^2)$, the value of\nthe effective mass precisely saturates the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound for the\nAdS$_3$ space where the wave is propagating on. The analogies with the AdS-wave\nsolutions of topologically massive gravity are also discussed. Besides, we\nconsider the coupling of both massive deformations to Einstein gravity and find\nthe exact configurations for the complete theory, discussing all the different\nbranches exhaustively. One of the effects of introducing the Chern-Simons\ngravitational term is that of breaking the degeneracy in the effective mass of\nthe generic modes of pure New Massive Gravity, producing a fine structure due\nto parity violation. Another effect is that the zoo of exact logarithmic\nspecimens becomes considerably enlarged.\n" }, { "id": "9814b54a-52e9-4886-a202-dad10545c2a1", "adv_source_id": "9814b54a-52e9-4886-a202-dad10545c2a1", "source_id": "9814b54a-52e9-4886-a202-dad10545c2a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bipolar Electric Field Signatures of Reconnection Separatrices for a\n Hydrogen Plasma at Realistic Guide Fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " In preparation for the MMS mission we ask the question: how common are\nbipolar signatures linked to the presence of electron holes along separatrices\nemanating from reconnection regions? To answer this question, we conduct\nmassively parallel simulations for realistic conditions and for the hydrogen\nmass ratio in boxes larger than considered in similar previous studies.\n The magnetic field configuration includes both a field reversal and a out of\nplane guide field, as typical of many space situations. The guide field is\nvaried in strength from low values (typical of the Earth magnetotail) to high\nvalues comparable to the in plane reconnecting field (as in the magnetopause).\nIn all cases, along the separatrices a strong electron flow is observed,\nsufficient to lead to the onset of streaming instabilities and to form bipolar\nparallel electric field signatures. The presence of bipolar structures at all\nguide fields allows the control of the MMS mission to consider the presence of\nbipolar signatures as a general flag of the presence of a nearby reconnection\nsite both in the nightside and in the dayside of the magnetosphere.\n" }, { "id": "bf083462-a6c6-4acc-a99c-2ebfc4a56eb4", "adv_source_id": "bf083462-a6c6-4acc-a99c-2ebfc4a56eb4", "source_id": "bf083462-a6c6-4acc-a99c-2ebfc4a56eb4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Angular Diameter and Fundamental Parameters of Sirius A", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI) has been used to make a\nnew determination of the angular diameter of Sirius A. The observations were\nmade at an effective wavelength of 694.1 nm and the new value for the\nlimb-darkened angular diameter is 6.048 +/- 0.040mas (+/-0.66%). This new\nresult is compared with previous measurements and is found to be in excellent\nagreement with a conventionally calibrated measurement made with the European\nSouthern Observatory's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at 2.176\nmicrons (but not with a second globally calibrated VLTI measurement). A\nweighted mean of the SUSI and first VLTI results gives the limb-darkened\nangular diameter of Sirius A as 6.041 +/- 0.017mas (+/-0.28%). Combination with\nthe Hipparcos parallax gives the radius equal to 1.713 +/- 0.009R_sun. The\nbolometric flux has been determined from published photometry and\nspectrophotometry and, combined with the angular diameter, yields the emergent\nflux at the stellar surface equal to (5.32+/- 0.14)x10^8 Wm^-2 and the\neffective temperature equal to 9845 +/- 64 K. The luminosity is 24.7 +/- 0.7\nL_sun.\n" }, { "id": "3618ce53-a3c0-4c8b-9ad5-8c8334916c7b", "adv_source_id": "3618ce53-a3c0-4c8b-9ad5-8c8334916c7b", "source_id": "3618ce53-a3c0-4c8b-9ad5-8c8334916c7b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Silver segregation to \\theta' (Al2Cu)-Al interfaces in Al-Cu-Ag alloys", "prompt": null, "generation": " \\theta' (Al2Cu) precipitates in Al-Cu-Ag alloys were examined using high\nangle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy\n(HAADF-STEM). The precipitates nucleated on dislocation loops on which\nassemblies of {\\gamma}' (AlAg2) precipitates were present. These dislocation\nloops were enriched in silver prior to \\theta' precipitation. Coherent, planar\ninterfaces between the aluminium matrix and \\theta' precipitates were decorated\nby a layer of silver of two atomic layers in thickness. It is proposed that\nthis layer lowers the chemical component of the Al-\\theta' interfacial energy.\nThe lateral growth of the \\theta' precipitates was accompanied by the extension\nof this silver bi-layer, resulting in the loss of silver from neighbouring\n\\gamma' precipitates and contributing to the deterioration of the \\gamma'\nprecipitate assemblies.\n" }, { "id": "259daf0c-b621-48e2-bf69-a77e455fef92", "adv_source_id": "259daf0c-b621-48e2-bf69-a77e455fef92", "source_id": "259daf0c-b621-48e2-bf69-a77e455fef92", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Invariance of the Gibbs measure for the periodic quartic gKdV", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove invariance of the Gibbs measure for the (gauge transformed) periodic\nquartic gKdV. The Gibbs measure is supported on H^s for s<1/2, and the quartic\ngKdV is analytically ill-posed in this range. In order to consider the flow in\nthe support of the Gibbs measure, we combine a probabilistic argument and the\nsecond iteration and construct local-in-time solutions to the (gauge\ntransformed) quartic gKdV almost surely in the support of the Gibbs measure.\nThen, we use Bourgain's idea to extend these local solutions to global\nsolutions, and prove the invariance of the Gibbs measure under the flow.\nFinally, Inverting the gauge, we construct almost sure global solutions to the\n(ungauged) quartic gKdV below H^{1/2}.\n" }, { "id": "60fea3b7-48a1-4833-a7d8-ae7a3b3fe8a6", "adv_source_id": "60fea3b7-48a1-4833-a7d8-ae7a3b3fe8a6", "source_id": "60fea3b7-48a1-4833-a7d8-ae7a3b3fe8a6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Long range order and two-fluid behavior in heavy electron materials", "prompt": null, "generation": " The heavy electron Kondo liquid is an emergent state of condensed matter that\ndisplays universal behavior independent of material details. Properties of the\nheavy electron liquid are best probed by NMR Knight shift measurements, which\nprovide a direct measure of the behavior of the heavy electron liquid that\nemerges below the Kondo lattice coherence temperature as the lattice of local\nmoments hybridizes with the background conduction electrons. Because the\ntransfer of spectral weight between the localized and itinerant electronic\ndegrees of freedom is gradual, the Kondo liquid typically coexists with the\nlocal moment component until the material orders at low temperatures. The\ntwo-fluid formula captures this behavior in a broad range of materials in the\nparamagnetic state. In order to investigate two-fluid behavior and the onset\nand physical origin of different long range ordered ground states in heavy\nelectron materials, we have extended Knight shift measurements to\nURu$_2$Si$_2$, CeIrIn$_5$ and CeRhIn$_5$. In CeRhIn$_5$ we find that the\nantiferromagnetic order is preceded by a relocalization of the Kondo liquid,\nproviding independent evidence for a local moment origin of antiferromagnetism.\nIn URu$_2$Si$_2$ the hidden order is shown to emerge directly from the Kondo\nliquid and so is not associated with local moment physics. Our results imply\nthat the nature of the ground state is strongly coupled with the hybridization\nin the Kondo lattice in agreement with phase diagram proposed by Yang and\nPines.\n" }, { "id": "b813e374-c6a6-4915-9df0-b83d99c7a6e5", "adv_source_id": "b813e374-c6a6-4915-9df0-b83d99c7a6e5", "source_id": "b813e374-c6a6-4915-9df0-b83d99c7a6e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitational Waves From Low Mass Neutron Stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Low mass neutron stars may be uniquely strong sources of gravitational waves\n(GW). The neutron star crust can support large deformations for low mass stars.\nThis is because of the star's weaker gravity. We find maximum ellipticities\n$\\epsilon$ (fractional difference in moments of inertia) that are 1000 times\nlarger, and maximum quadrupole moments $Q_{22}$ over 100 times larger, for low\nmass stars than for 1.4 $M_\\odot$ neutron stars. Indeed, we calculate that the\ncrust can support an $\\epsilon$ as large as 0.01 for a minimum mass neutron\nstar. A 0.12 $M_\\odot$ star, that is maximally strained and rotating at 100 Hz,\nwill produce a characteristic gravitational wave strain of $h_0=2.1\\times\n10^{-24}$ at a distance of 1 kpc. The GW detector Advanced LIGO should be\nsensitive to such objects through out the Milky Way Galaxy.\n" }, { "id": "53188c2f-9f91-4857-a9f3-1e78b3222f13", "adv_source_id": "53188c2f-9f91-4857-a9f3-1e78b3222f13", "source_id": "53188c2f-9f91-4857-a9f3-1e78b3222f13", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Understanding of hopping matrix for 2D materials taking 2D honeycomb and\n square lattices as study cases", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work, a trial understanding for the physics underling the\nconstruction of exchange (hopping) matrix $\\mathbf{E}$ in Heisenberg model\n(tight binding model) for 2D materials is done. It is found that the\n$\\mathbf{E}$ matrix describes the particles exchange flow under short range\n(nearest neighbor) hopping interaction which is effected by the lattice\ngeometry. This understanding is then used to explain the dispersion relations\nfor the 2D honeycomb lattice with zigzag and armchair edges obtained for\ngraphene nanoribbons and magnetic stripes. It is found that the particle flow\nby hopping in the zigzag nanoribbons is a translation flow and shows\n$\\mathbf{\\cos^2}(q_xa)$ dependance while it is a rotational flow in the\narmchair nanoribbons. At $q_xa/\\pi=0.5$, the particles flow in the edge sites\nof zigzag nanoribbons with dependance of $\\mathbf{\\cos^2}(q_xa)$ is equal to\nzero. At the same time there is no vertical hopping in those edge sites which\nlead to the appearance of peculiar zigzag flat localized edge states.\n" }, { "id": "b96faf10-3160-4e0a-b263-c8d42d781247", "adv_source_id": "b96faf10-3160-4e0a-b263-c8d42d781247", "source_id": "b96faf10-3160-4e0a-b263-c8d42d781247", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phonon Softening and Dispersion in EuTiO3", "prompt": null, "generation": " We measured phonon dispersion in single crystal EuTiO$_3$ using inelastic\nx-ray scattering. A structural transition to an antiferrodistortive phase was\nfound at a critical temperature $T_0$=287$\\pm$1 K using powder and\nsingle-crystal x-ray diffraction. Clear softening of the zone boundary\n\\emph{R}-point \\textbf{q}=(0.5 0.5 0.5) acoustic phonon shows this to be a\ndisplacive transition. The mode energy plotted against reduced temperature\ncould be seen to nearly overlap that of $\\rm SrTiO_3$, suggesting a universal\nscaling relation. Phonon dispersion was measured along $\\Gamma$-$X$ (0 0\n0)$\\rightarrow$(0.5 0 0). Mode eigenvectors were obtained from a shell model\nconsistent with the \\textbf{q}-dependence of intensity and energy, which also\nshowed that the dispersion is nominally the same as in $\\rm SrTiO_3$ at room\ntemperature, but corrected for mass. The lowest energy optical mode, determined\nto be of Slater character, softens approximately linearly with temperature\nuntil the 70-100 K range where the softening stops, and at low temperature, the\nmode disperses linearly near the zone center.\n" }, { "id": "7bb88cbe-840b-4453-a0a5-8420fd2fa0d4", "adv_source_id": "7bb88cbe-840b-4453-a0a5-8420fd2fa0d4", "source_id": "7bb88cbe-840b-4453-a0a5-8420fd2fa0d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Propagation of subcycle pulses in a two-level medium: Area-theorem\n breakdown and pulse shape", "prompt": null, "generation": " We solve the problem of ultrashort pulse propagation in a two-level medium\nbeyond the rotating-wave (RWA) and slowly-varying-envelope approximations. The\nmethod of solution is based on the Maxwell--Bloch equations represented in the\nform that allows one to switch between RWA and general (non-RWA) cases in the\nframework of a single numerical algorithm. Using this method, the effect of a\nsubcycle pulse (containing less than a single period of field oscillations) on\nthe two-level medium was analyzed. It is shown that for such short pulses, the\nclear breakdown of the area theorem occurs for the pulses of large enough area.\nMoreover, deviations from the area theorem appear to be strongly dependent on\nthe pulse shape that cannot be observed for longer few-cycle pulses.\n" }, { "id": "0be496b6-c475-433c-a154-3054f423a524", "adv_source_id": "0be496b6-c475-433c-a154-3054f423a524", "source_id": "0be496b6-c475-433c-a154-3054f423a524", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Resonant multi-photon IR dissociation spectroscopy of a trapped and\n sympathetically cooled biomolecular ion species", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work we demonstrate vibrational spectroscopy of polyatomic ions that\nare trapped and sympathetically cooled by laser-cooled atomic ions. We use the\nprotonated dipeptide tryptophane-alanine (HTyrAla+) as a model system, cooled\nby Barium ions to less than 800mK secular temperature. The spectroscopy is\nperformed on the fundamental vibrational transition of a local vibrational mode\nat 2.74 {\\mu}m using a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO).\nResonant multi-photon IR dissociation spectroscopy (without the use of a UV\nlaser) generates charged molecular fragments, which are sympathetically cooled\nand trapped, and subsequently released from the trap and counted. We measured\nthe cross section for R-IRMPD under conditions of low intensity, and found it\nto be approximately two orders smaller than the vibrational excitation cross\nsection. The observed rotational bandwidth of the vibrational transition is\nlarger than the one expected from the combined effects of 300 K black-body\ntemperature, conformer-dependent line shifts, and intermolecular vibrational\nrelaxation broadening (J. Stearns et al., J. Chem. Phys., 127, 154322-7\n(2007)). This indicates that as the internal energy of the molecule grows, an\nincrease of the rotational temperature of the molecular ions well above room\ntemperature (up to on the order of 1000K), and/or an appreciable shift of the\nvibrational transition frequency (approx. 6-8 cm$^{-1}$) occurs.\n" }, { "id": "65de1369-6602-409d-a381-be59085456d4", "adv_source_id": "65de1369-6602-409d-a381-be59085456d4", "source_id": "65de1369-6602-409d-a381-be59085456d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Closed-form EM for Sparse Coding and its Application to Source\n Separation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We define and discuss the first sparse coding algorithm based on closed-form\nEM updates and continuous latent variables. The underlying generative model\nconsists of a standard `spike-and-slab' prior and a Gaussian noise model.\nClosed-form solutions for E- and M-step equations are derived by generalizing\nprobabilistic PCA. The resulting EM algorithm can take all modes of a\npotentially multi-modal posterior into account. The computational cost of the\nalgorithm scales exponentially with the number of hidden dimensions. However,\nwith current computational resources, it is still possible to efficiently learn\nmodel parameters for medium-scale problems. Thus the model can be applied to\nthe typical range of source separation tasks. In numerical experiments on\nartificial data we verify likelihood maximization and show that the derived\nalgorithm recovers the sparse directions of standard sparse coding\ndistributions. On source separation benchmarks comprised of realistic data we\nshow that the algorithm is competitive with other recent methods.\n" }, { "id": "d37fc9ba-88e6-4c29-a576-bd5dcf83012c", "adv_source_id": "d37fc9ba-88e6-4c29-a576-bd5dcf83012c", "source_id": "d37fc9ba-88e6-4c29-a576-bd5dcf83012c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling and Simulation of Two-Phase Two-Component Flow with\n Disappearing Nonwetting Phase", "prompt": null, "generation": " Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a recently discussed new technology,\naimed at allowing an ongoing use of fossil fuels while preventing the produced\nCO2 to be released to the atmosphere. CSS can be modeled with two components\n(water and CO2) in two phases (liquid and CO2). To simulate the process, a\nmultiphase flow equation with equilibrium phase exchange is used. One of the\nbig problems arising in two-phase two-component flow simulations is the\ndisappearance of the nonwetting phase, which leads to a degeneration of the\nequations satisfied by the saturation. A standard choice of primary variables,\nwhich is the pressure of one phase and the saturation of the other phase,\ncannot be applied here. We developed a new approach using the pressure of the\nnonwetting phase and the capillary pressure as primary variables. One important\nadvantage of this approach is the fact that we have only one set of primary\nvariables that can be used for the biphasic as well as the monophasic case. We\nimplemented this new choice of primary variables in the DUNE simulation\nframework and present numerical results for some test cases.\n" }, { "id": "5d4259f8-06bb-48fe-bbbc-a15a91978b64", "adv_source_id": "5d4259f8-06bb-48fe-bbbc-a15a91978b64", "source_id": "5d4259f8-06bb-48fe-bbbc-a15a91978b64", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Current constraints on interacting holographic dark energy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Although there is mounting observational evidence that the cosmic expansion\nis undergoing a late-time acceleration, the physical mechanism behind such a\nphenomenon is yet unknown. In this paper, we investigate a holographic dark\nenergy (HDE) model with interaction between the components of the dark sector\nin the light of current cosmological observations. We use both the new\n\\emph{gold} sample of 182 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the 192 SNe Ia\nESSENCE data, the baryon acoustic oscillation measurement from the Sloan\nDigital Sky Survey and the shift parameter from the three-year Wilkinson\nMicrowave Anisotropy Probe data. In agreement with previous results, we show\nthat these observations suggest a very weak coupling or even a noninteracting\nHDE. The phantom crossing behavior in the context of these scenarios is also\nbriefly discussed.\n" }, { "id": "7d519596-ce7a-4fbf-afd2-5689c09fdb91", "adv_source_id": "7d519596-ce7a-4fbf-afd2-5689c09fdb91", "source_id": "7d519596-ce7a-4fbf-afd2-5689c09fdb91", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transverse Spin and Transverse Momentum Effects at COMPASS", "prompt": null, "generation": " The investigation of transverse spin and transverse momentum effects in deep\ninelastic scattering is one of the key physics programs of the COMPASS\ncollaboration. In the years 2002-2004 COMPASS took data scattering 160 GeV\nmuons on a transversely polarized 6LiD target. In 2007, a transversely\npolarized NH3 target was used. Three different channels to access the\ntransversity distribution function have been analyzed: The azimuthal\ndistribution of single hadrons, involving the Collins fragmentation function,\nthe azimuthal dependence of the plane containing hadron pairs, involving the\ntwo-hadron interference fragmentation function, and the measurement of the\ntransverse polarization of lambda hyperons in the final state. Transverse quark\nmomentum effects in a transversely polarized nucleon have been investigated by\nmeasuring the Sivers distribution function. Azimuthal asymmetries in\nunpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering give important information\non the inner structure of the nucleon as well, and can be used to estimate both\nthe quark transverse momentum in an unpolarized nucleon and to access the\nso-far unmeasured Boer-Mulders function. COMPASS has measured these asymmetries\nin 2004 using spin-averaged 6LiD data.\n" }, { "id": "f1c6f31e-bde6-4fa5-9516-c167b6cd937e", "adv_source_id": "f1c6f31e-bde6-4fa5-9516-c167b6cd937e", "source_id": "f1c6f31e-bde6-4fa5-9516-c167b6cd937e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Data Acquisition and Readout System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment", "prompt": null, "generation": " LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to\ndetect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals\nfrom the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which\nprovide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ)\nsystems. The DAQ is comprised of commercial digitizers with firmware customized\nfor the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must\naccommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations\ninvolving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum\nsensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline sup-\npression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz\nwith virtually no deadtime. This paper describes the LUX DAQ and the novel\nacquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment.\n" }, { "id": "81ab3037-edf0-414e-81b9-e344e45914b0", "adv_source_id": "81ab3037-edf0-414e-81b9-e344e45914b0", "source_id": "81ab3037-edf0-414e-81b9-e344e45914b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On eccentric connectivity index", "prompt": null, "generation": " The eccentric connectivity index, proposed by Sharma, Goswami and Madan, has\nbeen employed successfully for the development of numerous mathematical models\nfor the prediction of biological activities of diverse nature. We now report\nmathematical properties of the eccentric connectivity index. We establish\nvarious lower and upper bounds for the eccentric connectivity index in terms of\nother graph invariants including the number of vertices, the number of edges,\nthe degree distance and the first Zagreb index. We determine the n-vertex trees\nof diameter with the minimum eccentric connectivity index, and the n-vertex\ntrees of pendent vertices, with the maximum eccentric connectivity index. We\nalso determine the n-vertex trees with respectively the minimum, second-minimum\nand third-minimum, and the maximum, second-maximum and third-maximum eccentric\nconnectivity indices for\n" }, { "id": "28397bd7-cdc1-4c27-93e3-0513537832e5", "adv_source_id": "28397bd7-cdc1-4c27-93e3-0513537832e5", "source_id": "28397bd7-cdc1-4c27-93e3-0513537832e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Additive closed symmetric monoidal structures on R-modules", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we classify additive closed symmetric monoidal structures on\nthe category of left R-modules by using Watts' theorem. An additive closed\nsymmetric monoidal structure is equivalent to an R-module Lambda_{A,B} equipped\nwith two commuting right R-module structures represented by the symbols A and\nB, an R-module K to serve as the unit, and certain isomorphisms. We use this\nresult to look at simple cases. We find rings R for which there are no additive\nclosed symmetric monoidal structures on R-modules, for which there is exactly\none (up to isomorphism), for which there are exactly seven, and for which there\nare a proper class of isomorphism classes of such structures. We also prove\nsome general structual results; for example, we prove that the unit K must\nalways be a finitely generated R-module.\n" }, { "id": "29c9218d-6759-4669-89d3-6e0951de7f05", "adv_source_id": "29c9218d-6759-4669-89d3-6e0951de7f05", "source_id": "29c9218d-6759-4669-89d3-6e0951de7f05", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Competition between spin density wave order and superconductivity in the\n underdoped cuprates", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe the interplay between d-wave superconductivity and spin density\nwave (SDW) order in a theory of the hole-doped cuprates at hole densities below\noptimal doping. The theory assumes local SDW order, and associated electron and\nhole pocket Fermi surfaces of charge carriers in the normal state. We describe\nquantum and thermal fluctuations in the orientation of the local SDW order,\nwhich lead to d-wave superconductivity: we compute the superconducting critical\ntemperature and magnetic field in a `minimal' universal theory. We also\ndescribe the back-action of the superconductivity on the SDW order, showing\nthat SDW order is more stable in the metal. Our results capture key aspects of\nthe phase diagram of Demler et al. (cond-mat/0103192) obtained in a\nphenomenological quantum theory of competing orders. Finally, we propose a\nfinite temperature crossover phase diagram for the cuprates. In the metallic\nstate, these are controlled by a `hidden' quantum critical point near optimal\ndoping involving the onset of SDW order in a metal. However, the onset of\nsuperconductivity results in a decrease in stability of the SDW order, and\nconsequently the actual SDW quantum critical point appears at a significantly\nlower doping.\n All our analysis is placed in the context of recent experimental results.\n" }, { "id": "3d742071-f3a1-4950-814c-a76583f2c5f6", "adv_source_id": "3d742071-f3a1-4950-814c-a76583f2c5f6", "source_id": "3d742071-f3a1-4950-814c-a76583f2c5f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Five new INTEGRAL unidentified hard X-Ray sources uncovered by Chandra", "prompt": null, "generation": " The IBIS imager on board INTEGRAL, with a sensitivity better than a mCrab in\ndeep observations and a point source location accuracy of the order of few\narcminutes, has localized so far 723 hard X-ray sources in the 17--100 keV\nenergy band, of which a fraction of about 1/3 are still unclassified. The aim\nof this research is to provide sub-arcsecond localizations of the unidentified\nsources, necessary to pinpoint the optical and/or infrared counterpart of those\nobjects whose nature is so far unknown. The cross-correlation between the new\nIBIS sources published within the fourth INTEGRAL/IBIS Survey catalogue and the\nCHANDRA/ACIS data archive resulted in a sample of 5 not yet identified objects.\nWe present here the results of CHANDRA X-ray Observatory observations of these\nfive hard X-ray sources discovered by the INTEGRAL satellite. We associated IGR\nJ10447-6027 with IR source 2MASSJ10445192-6025115, IGR J16377-6423 with the\ncluster CIZA J1638.2-6420, IGR J14193-6048 with the pulsar with nebula PSR\nJ1420-6048 and IGR J12562+2554 with the Quasar SDSSJ125610.42+260103.5. We\nsuggest that the counterpart of IGR J12288+0052 may be an AGN/QSO type~2 at a\nconfidence level of 90%.\n" }, { "id": "b2ec11f7-c2e8-426a-ada8-052efa8c081b", "adv_source_id": "b2ec11f7-c2e8-426a-ada8-052efa8c081b", "source_id": "b2ec11f7-c2e8-426a-ada8-052efa8c081b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stable two--brane models with bulk tachyon matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the possibility of constructing stable, warped two--brane models\nwhich solve the hierarchy problem, with a bulk non--canonical scalar field\n(tachyon matter) as the source term in the action. Among our examples are two\nmodels--one with a warp factor (denoted as $e^{-2f(\\sigma)}$) which differs\nfrom that of the standard Randall--Sundrum by the addition of a quadratic piece\nin the $f(\\sigma)$ and another, where the warping is super-exponential. We\ninvestigate the issue of resolution of hierarchy and perform a stability\nanalysis by obtaining the effective inter-brane potentials, in each case. Our\nanalysis reveals that there does exist stable values of the modulus consistent\nwith hierarchy resolution in both the models. Thus, these models, in which the\nbulk scalar field generates the geometry and also ensures stability, provide\nviable alternatives to the standard Randall--Sundrum two-brane scenario.\n" }, { "id": "be24409b-b0a9-4376-bd18-e4e99fee201b", "adv_source_id": "be24409b-b0a9-4376-bd18-e4e99fee201b", "source_id": "be24409b-b0a9-4376-bd18-e4e99fee201b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Giant Crater on 90 Antiope?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mutual event observations between the two components of 90 Antiope were\ncarried out in 2007-2008. The pole position was refined to lambda0 =\n199.5+/-0.5 eg and beta0 = 39.8+/-5 deg in J2000 ecliptic coordinates, leaving\nintact the physical solution for the components, assimilated to two perfect\nRoche ellipsoids, and derived after the 2005 mutual event season (Descamps et\nal., 2007). Furthermore, a large-scale geological depression, located on one of\nthe components, was introduced to better match the observed lightcurves. This\nvast geological feature of about 68 km in diameter, which could be postulated\nas a bowl-shaped impact crater, is indeed responsible of the photometric\nasymmetries seen on the \"shoulders\" of the lightcurves. The bulk density was\nthen recomputed to 1.28+/-0.04 gcm-3 to take into account this large-scale\nnon-convexity. This giant crater could be the aftermath of a tremendous\ncollision of a 100-km sized proto-Antiope with another Themis family member.\nThis statement is supported by the fact that Antiope is sufficiently porous\n(~50%) to survive such an impact without being wholly destroyed. This violent\nshock would have then imparted enough angular momentum for fissioning of\nproto-Antiope into two equisized bodies. We calculated that the impactor must\nhave a diameter greater than ~17 km, for an impact velocity ranging between 1\nand 4 km/s. With such a projectile, this event has a substantial 50%\nprobability to have occurred over the age of the Themis family.\n" }, { "id": "524831f1-278e-49dc-a542-c218c4f26ace", "adv_source_id": "524831f1-278e-49dc-a542-c218c4f26ace", "source_id": "524831f1-278e-49dc-a542-c218c4f26ace", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chaotic dynamics in two-dimensional Rayleigh-B\\'enard convection", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the origin of various convective patterns using bifurcation\ndiagrams that are constructed using direct numerical simulations. We perform\ntwo-dimensional pseudospectral simulations for a Prandtl number 6.8 fluid that\nis confined in a box with aspect ratio $\\Gamma = 2\\sqrt{2}$. Steady convective\nrolls are born from the conduction state through a pitchfork bifurcation at\n$r=1$, where $r$ is the reduced Rayleigh number. These fixed points bifurcate\nsuccessively to time-periodic and quasiperiodic rolls through Hopf and\nNeimark-Sacker bifurcations at $r \\simeq 80$ and $r \\simeq 500 $ respectively.\nThe system becomes chaotic at $r \\simeq 750$ through a quasiperiodic route to\nchaos. The size of the chaotic attractor increases at $r \\simeq 840$ through an\n\"attractor-merging crisis\" which also results in travelling chaotic rolls. We\nalso observe coexistence of stable fixed points and a chaotic attractor for $\n846 \\le r \\le 849$ as a result of a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Subsequently\nthe chaotic attractor disappears through a \"boundary crisis\" and only stable\nfixed points remain. Later these fixed points become periodic and chaotic\nthrough another set of bifurcations which ultimately leads to turbulence.\n" }, { "id": "69ed04bf-967e-420c-9bb8-8b692af30a69", "adv_source_id": "69ed04bf-967e-420c-9bb8-8b692af30a69", "source_id": "69ed04bf-967e-420c-9bb8-8b692af30a69", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hyperfine interaction mediated exciton spin relaxation in (In,Ga)As\n quantum dots", "prompt": null, "generation": " The population dynamics of dark and bright excitons in (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum\ndots is studied by two-color pump-probe spectroscopy in an external magnetic\nfield. With the field applied in Faraday geometry and at T<20 K, the dark\nexcitons decay on a ten nanoseconds time scale unless the magnetic field\ninduces a resonance with a bright exciton state. At these crossings their\neffective lifetime is drastically shortened due to spin flips of either\nelectron or hole by which the dark excitons are converted into bright ones. Due\nto the quasielastic character we attribute the origin of these flips to the\nhyperfine interaction with the lattice nuclei. We compare the exciton spin\nrelaxation times in the two resonances and find that the spin flip involving an\nelectron is approximately 25 times faster than the one of the hole. A\ntemperature increase leads to a considerable, nonmonotonic decrease of the dark\nexciton lifetime. Here phonon-mediated spin flips due to the spin-orbit\ninteraction gradually become more important.\n" }, { "id": "7e8efeb4-ebd8-4b12-871a-a1b7e1b981f1", "adv_source_id": "7e8efeb4-ebd8-4b12-871a-a1b7e1b981f1", "source_id": "7e8efeb4-ebd8-4b12-871a-a1b7e1b981f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Holographic Dark Energy Model with Hubble Horizon as an IR Cut-off", "prompt": null, "generation": " The main task of this paper is to realize a cosmic observational compatible\nuniverse in the framework of holographic dark energy model when the Hubble\nhorizon $H$ is taken as the role of an IR cut-off. When the model parameter $c$\nof a time variable cosmological constant (CC) $\\Lambda(t)=3c^{2}H^{2}(t)$\nbecomes time or scale dependent, an extra term enters in the effective equation\nof sate (EoS) of the vacuum energy $w^{eff}_{\\Lambda}=-c^2-d\\ln c^{2}/3d\\ln a$.\nThis extra term can make the effective EoS of time variable CC cross the\ncosmological boundary and be phantom-like at present. For the lack of a first\nprinciple and fundamental physics theory to obtain the form $c^2$, we give a\nsimple parameterized form of $c^2$ as an example. Then the model is confronted\nby the cosmic observations including SN Ia, BAO and CMB shift parameter $R$.\nThe result shows that the model is consistent with cosmic observations.\n" }, { "id": "cf69de05-6ed9-46bd-a0a9-93c6d0e8805f", "adv_source_id": "cf69de05-6ed9-46bd-a0a9-93c6d0e8805f", "source_id": "cf69de05-6ed9-46bd-a0a9-93c6d0e8805f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ultrafast switching time and third order nonlinear coefficients of\n microwave treated single walled carbon nanotube suspensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Microwave treated water soluble and amide functionalized single walled carbon\nnanotubes have been investigated using femtosecond degenerate pump-probe and\nnonlinear transmission experiments. The time resolved differential transmission\nusing 75 femtosecond pulse with the central wavelength of 790 nm shows a\nbi-exponential ultrafast photo-bleaching with time constants of of 160 fs (130\nfs) and 920 fs (300 fs) for water soluble (amide functionalized) nanotubes.\nOpen and closed aperture z-scans show saturation absorption and positive\n(negative) nonlinear refraction for water soluble (amide functionalized)\nnanotubes. Two photon absorption coefficient,beata ~250 cm/GW (650 cm/GW) and\nnonlinear index, gamma ~ 15 cm^2/pW (-30 cm^2/pW) are obtained from the\ntheoretical fit in the saturation limit to the data for two types of nanotubes.\n" }, { "id": "307b97f4-e12f-4bb5-b01c-c8b70574e828", "adv_source_id": "307b97f4-e12f-4bb5-b01c-c8b70574e828", "source_id": "307b97f4-e12f-4bb5-b01c-c8b70574e828", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimizing ccNUMA locality for task-parallel execution under OpenMP and\n TBB on multicore-based systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Task parallelism as employed by the OpenMP task construct or some Intel\nThreading Building Blocks (TBB) components, although ideal for tackling\nirregular problems or typical producer/consumer schemes, bears some potential\nfor performance bottlenecks if locality of data access is important, which is\ntypically the case for memory-bound code on ccNUMA systems. We present a thin\nsoftware layer ameliorates adverse effects of dynamic task distribution by\nsorting tasks into locality queues, each of which is preferably processed by\nthreads that belong to the same locality domain. Dynamic scheduling is fully\npreserved inside each domain, and is preferred over possible load imbalance\neven if nonlocal access is required, making this strategy well-suited for\ntypical multicore-mutisocket systems. The effectiveness of the approach is\ndemonstrated by using a blocked six-point stencil solver as a toy model.\n" }, { "id": "0ed181e9-be2a-4f7d-a951-7d9782aa7483", "adv_source_id": "0ed181e9-be2a-4f7d-a951-7d9782aa7483", "source_id": "0ed181e9-be2a-4f7d-a951-7d9782aa7483", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Making the long code shorter, with applications to the Unique Games\n Conjecture", "prompt": null, "generation": " The long code is a central tool in hardness of approximation, especially in\nquestions related to the unique games conjecture. We construct a new code that\nis exponentially more efficient, but can still be used in many of these\napplications. Using the new code we obtain exponential improvements over\nseveral known results, including the following:\n 1. For any eps > 0, we show the existence of an n vertex graph G where every\nset of o(n) vertices has expansion 1 - eps, but G's adjacency matrix has more\nthan exp(log^delta n) eigenvalues larger than 1 - eps, where delta depends only\non eps. This answers an open question of Arora, Barak and Steurer (FOCS 2010)\nwho asked whether one can improve over the noise graph on the Boolean hypercube\nthat has poly(log n) such eigenvalues.\n 2. A gadget that reduces unique games instances with linear constraints\nmodulo K into instances with alphabet k with a blowup of K^polylog(K),\nimproving over the previously known gadget with blowup of 2^K.\n 3. An n variable integrality gap for Unique Games that that survives\nexp(poly(log log n)) rounds of the SDP + Sherali Adams hierarchy, improving on\nthe previously known bound of poly(log log n).\n We show a connection between the local testability of linear codes and small\nset expansion in certain related Cayley graphs, and use this connection to\nderandomize the noise graph on the Boolean hypercube.\n" }, { "id": "5d3480e6-03eb-4c01-8504-b70c508d4a51", "adv_source_id": "5d3480e6-03eb-4c01-8504-b70c508d4a51", "source_id": "5d3480e6-03eb-4c01-8504-b70c508d4a51", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fully selfconsistent GW calculations for molecules", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate single-particle excitation energies for a series of 33 molecules\nusing fully selfconsistent GW, one-shot G$_0$W$_0$, Hartree-Fock (HF), and\nhybrid density functional theory (DFT). All calculations are performed within\nthe projector augmented wave (PAW) method using a basis set of Wannier\nfunctions augmented by numerical atomic orbitals. The GW self-energy is\ncalculated on the real frequency axis including its full frequency dependence\nand off-diagonal matrix elements. The mean absolute error of the ionization\npotential (IP) with respect to experiment is found to be 4.4, 2.6, 0.8, 0.4,\nand 0.5 eV for DFT-PBE, DFT-PBE0, HF, G$_0$W$_0$[HF], and selfconsistent GW,\nrespectively. This shows that although electronic screening is weak in\nmolecular systems its inclusion at the GW level reduces the error in the IP by\nup to 50% relative to unscreened HF. In general GW overscreens the HF energies\nleading to underestimation of the IPs. The best IPs are obtained from one-shot\nG$_0$W$_0$ calculations based on HF since this reduces the overscreening.\nFinally, we find that the inclusion of core-valence exchange is important and\ncan affect the excitation energies by as much as 1 eV.\n" }, { "id": "0031b880-6507-4051-9283-53413e41a85c", "adv_source_id": "0031b880-6507-4051-9283-53413e41a85c", "source_id": "0031b880-6507-4051-9283-53413e41a85c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The SEGUE Stellar Parameter Pipeline. IV. Validation with an Extended\n Sample of Galactic Globular and Open Clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spectroscopic and photometric data for likely member stars of five Galactic\nglobular clusters (M3, M53, M71, M92, and NGC 5053) and three open clusters\n(M35, NGC 2158, and NGC 6791) are processed by the current version of the SEGUE\nStellar Parameter Pipeline (SSPP), in order to determine estimates of\nmetallicities and radial velocities for the clusters. These results are then\ncompared to values from the literature. We find that the mean metallicity\n(<[Fe/H]>) and mean radial velocity () estimates for each cluster are\nalmost all within 2{\\sigma} of the adopted literature values; most are within\n1{\\sigma}. We also demonstrate that the new version of the SSPP achieves small,\nbut noteworthy, improvements in <[Fe/H]> estimates at the extrema of the\ncluster metallicity range, as compared to a previous version of the pipeline\nsoftware. These results provide additional confidence in the application of the\nSSPP for studies of the abundances and kinematics of stellar populations in the\nGalaxy.\n" }, { "id": "a9cb0872-3f01-40c7-bf61-fe607d357c67", "adv_source_id": "a9cb0872-3f01-40c7-bf61-fe607d357c67", "source_id": "a9cb0872-3f01-40c7-bf61-fe607d357c67", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mechanism Design for Fair Division", "prompt": null, "generation": " We revisit the classic problem of fair division from a mechanism design\nperspective, using {\\em Proportional Fairness} as a benchmark. In particular,\nwe aim to allocate a collection of divisible items to a set of agents while\nincentivizing the agents to be truthful in reporting their valuations. For the\nvery large class of homogeneous valuations, we design a truthful mechanism that\nprovides {\\em every agent} with at least a $1/e\\approx 0.368$ fraction of her\nProportionally Fair valuation. To complement this result, we show that no\ntruthful mechanism can guarantee more than a $0.5$ fraction, even for the\nrestricted class of additive linear valuations. We also propose another\nmechanism for additive linear valuations that works really well when every item\nis highly demanded. To guarantee truthfulness, our mechanisms discard a\ncarefully chosen fraction of the allocated resources; we conclude by uncovering\ninteresting connections between our mechanisms and known mechanisms that use\nmoney instead.\n" }, { "id": "84183b38-df2a-4dc9-9c4c-6076eebf0514", "adv_source_id": "84183b38-df2a-4dc9-9c4c-6076eebf0514", "source_id": "84183b38-df2a-4dc9-9c4c-6076eebf0514", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Robust open-loop stabilization of Fock states by time-varying quantum\n interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " A quantum harmonic oscillator (spring subsystem) is stabilized towards a\ntarget Fock state by reservoir engineering. This passive and open-loop\nstabilization works by consecutive and identical Hamiltonian interactions with\nauxiliary systems, here three-level atoms (the auxiliary ladder subsystem),\nfollowed by a partial trace over these auxiliary atoms. A scalar control input\ngoverns the interaction, defining which atomic transition in the ladder\nsubsystem is in resonance with the spring subsystem. We use it to build a\ntime-varying interaction with individual atoms, that combines three\nnon-commuting steps. We show that the resulting reservoir robustly stabilizes\nany initial spring state distributed between 0 and 4n+3 quanta of vibrations\ntowards a pure target Fock state of vibration number n. The convergence proof\nrelies on the construction of a strict Lyapunov function for the Kraus map\ninduced by this reservoir setting on the spring subsystem. Simulations with\nrealistic parameters corresponding to the quantum electrodynamics setup at\nEcole Normale Superieure further illustrate the robustness of the method.\n" }, { "id": "666f4504-e022-49fb-b021-dc6f01e0cc46", "adv_source_id": "666f4504-e022-49fb-b021-dc6f01e0cc46", "source_id": "666f4504-e022-49fb-b021-dc6f01e0cc46", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gas Emission Spectrum in the Irr Galaxy IC 10", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spectroscopic long-slit observations of the dwarf Irr galaxy IC 10 were\nconducted at the 6-m Special Astrophysical Observatory telescope with the\nSCORPIO focal reducer. The ionized-gas emission spectra in the regions of\nintense current star formation were obtained for a large number of regions in\nIC 10. The relative abundances of oxygen, N+, and S+ in about twenty HII\nregions and in the synchrotron superbubble were estimated. We found that the\ngalaxy-averaged oxygen abundance is 12 + log(O/H) = 8.17 +- 0.35 and the\nmetallicity is Z = 0.18 +- 0.14 Z_sun. Our abundances estimated from the strong\nemission lines are found to be more reliable than those obtained by comparing\ndiagnostic diagrams with photoionization models.\n" }, { "id": "d9e8be87-cdcb-405c-92b1-b8eb2d2e7e26", "adv_source_id": "d9e8be87-cdcb-405c-92b1-b8eb2d2e7e26", "source_id": "d9e8be87-cdcb-405c-92b1-b8eb2d2e7e26", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On The Limitations of The Naive Lattice Decoding", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, the inherent drawbacks of the naive lattice decoding for MIMO\nfading systems is investigated. We show that using the naive lattice decoding\nfor MIMO systems has considerable deficiencies in terms of the rate-diversity\ntrade-off. Unlike the case of maximum-likelihood decoding, in this case, even\nthe perfect lattice space-time codes which have the non-vanishing determinant\nproperty can not achieve the optimal rate-diversity trade-off. Indeed, we show\nthat in the case of naive lattice decoding, when we fix the underlying lattice,\nall the codes based on full-rate lattices have the same rate-diversity\ntrade-off as V-BLAST. Also, we drive a lower bound on the symbol error\nprobability of the naive lattice decoding for the fixed-rate MIMO systems (with\nequal numbers of receive and transmit antennas). This bound shows that\nasymptotically, the naive lattice decoding has an unbounded loss in terms of\nthe required SNR, compared to the maximum likelihood decoding.\n" }, { "id": "9de97fc6-3499-4abc-b7dd-6090bc19d185", "adv_source_id": "9de97fc6-3499-4abc-b7dd-6090bc19d185", "source_id": "9de97fc6-3499-4abc-b7dd-6090bc19d185", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics Underlying the Gaussian Distribution of the Classical Harmonic\n Oscillator in Zero-Point Radiation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the past decades, Random Electrodynamics (also called Stochastic\nElectrodynamics) has been used to study the classical harmonic oscillator\nimmersed in the classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation. Random\nElectrodynamics (RED) predicts an identical probability distribution for the\nharmonic oscillator compared to the quantum mechanical prediction for the\nground state. Moreover, the Heisenberg minimum uncertainty relation is also\nrecovered with RED. To understand the dynamics that gives rise to this\nprobability distribution, we perform an RED simulation and follow the motion of\nthe oscillator. This simulation provides insight in the relation between the\nstriking different double-peak probability distribution of the classical\nharmonic oscillator and the Gaussian probability distribution of the RED\nharmonic oscillator. A main objective for RED research is to establish to what\nextent the results of quantum mechanics can be obtained. The present simulation\nmethod can be applied to other physical systems, and it may assist in\nevaluating the validity range of RED.\n" }, { "id": "cca50117-b1ec-472a-b653-23a29a363fc2", "adv_source_id": "cca50117-b1ec-472a-b653-23a29a363fc2", "source_id": "cca50117-b1ec-472a-b653-23a29a363fc2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bipolar Charge Plasma Transistor: A Novel Three Terminal Device", "prompt": null, "generation": " A distinctive approach for forming a lateral Bipolar Charge Plasma Transistor\n(BCPT) is explored using 2-D simulations. Different metal work-function\nelectrodes are used to induce n- and p-type charge plasma layers on undoped SOI\nto form the emitter, base and collector regions of a lateral NPN transistor.\nElectrical characteristics of the proposed device are simulated and compared\nwith that of a conventionally doped lateral bipolar junction transistor with\nidentical dimensions. Our simulation results demonstrate that the BCPT concept\nwill help us realize a superior bipolar transistor in terms of a high current\ngain compared to a conventional BJT. This BCPT concept is suitable in\novercoming doping issues such as dopant activation and high-thermal budgets\nwhich are serious issues in ultra thin SOI structures.\n" }, { "id": "9d68e7c5-e28f-4d98-bc0f-074316f195bb", "adv_source_id": "9d68e7c5-e28f-4d98-bc0f-074316f195bb", "source_id": "9d68e7c5-e28f-4d98-bc0f-074316f195bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhanced Critical parameters of nano-Carbon doped MgB2 Superconductor", "prompt": null, "generation": " The high field magnetization and magneto transport measurements are carried\nout to determine the critical superconducting parameters of MgB2-xCx system.\nThe synthesized samples are pure phase and the lattice parameters evaluation is\ncarried out using the Rietveld refinement. The R-T(H) measurements are done up\nto a field of 140 kOe. The upper critical field values, Hc2 are obtained from\nthis data based upon the criterion of 90% of normal resistivity i.e. Hc2=H at\nwhich Rho=90%Rho; where RhoN is the normal resistivity i.e., resistivity at\nabout 40 K in our case. The Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) prediction of\nHc(0) underestimates the critical field value even below than the field up to\nwhich measurement is carried out. After this the model, the Ginzburg Landau\ntheory (GL equation) is applied to the R-T(H) data which not only calculates\nthe Hc2(0) value but also determines the dependence of Hc2 on temperature in\nthe low temperature high field region. The estimated Hc(0)=157.2 kOe for pure\nMgB2 is profoundly enhanced to 297.5 kOe for the x=0.15 sample in MgB2-xCx\nseries. Magnetization measurements are done up to 120 kOe at different\ntemperatures and the other parameters like irreversibility field, Hirr and\ncritical current density Jc(H) are also calculated. The nano carbon doping\nresults in substantial enhancement of critical parameters like Hc2, Hirr and\nJc(H) in comparison to the pure MgB2 sample.\n" }, { "id": "5d439bdf-3fe9-4414-85ad-5d0ff5dfc1bf", "adv_source_id": "5d439bdf-3fe9-4414-85ad-5d0ff5dfc1bf", "source_id": "5d439bdf-3fe9-4414-85ad-5d0ff5dfc1bf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Regions of Dynamical Stability for Discs and Planets in Binary Stars of\n the Solar Neighborhood", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the results of Pichardo \\et (2005,2008), we determine regions of\ndynamical stability where planets (or discs in general) could survive in stable\norbits around binary stellar systems. We produce this study for 161 binary\nstars in the Solar neighborhood with known orbital parameters. Additionally, we\nconstructed numerically the discs (invariant loops) around five binary systems\nwith known orbital parameters and with confirmed planets: HIP 10138, HIP 4954,\nHIP 67275, HIP 116727 and Kepler 16, as a test to the approximation of Pichardo\net al. (2005,2008). In each single case, the reported position of the planets\nlay within our calculated stability regions. This study intends to provide a\nguide in the search for planets around binary systems with well know orbital\nparameters, since our method defines precise limits for the stable regions,\nwhere discs may have established and planets formed.\n" }, { "id": "ef9ebe7c-04d6-45ff-9abc-ee4643b1ccb2", "adv_source_id": "ef9ebe7c-04d6-45ff-9abc-ee4643b1ccb2", "source_id": "ef9ebe7c-04d6-45ff-9abc-ee4643b1ccb2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlocal symmetries for bilinear equations and their applications", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, nonlocal symmetries for the bilinear KP and bilinear BKP\nequations are re-studied. Two arbitrary parameters are introduced in these\nnonlocal symmetries by considering gauge invariance of the bilinear KP and\nbilinear BKP equations under the transformation $f\\longrightarrow\nfe^{ax+by+ct}$. By expanding these nonlocal symmetries in powers of each of two\nparameters, we have derived two types of bilinear NKP hierarchies and two types\nof bilinear NBKP hierarchies. An impressive observation is that bilinear\npositive and negative KP and BKP hierarchies may be derived from the same\nnonlocal symmetries for the KP and BKP equations. Besides, as two concrete\nexamples, we have deived bilinear B\\\"acklund transformations for $t_{-2}$-flow\nof the NKP hierarchy and $t_{-1}$-flow of the NBKP hierarchy. All these results\nhave made it clear that more nice integrable properties would be found for\nthese obtained NKP hierarchies and NBKP hierarchies. Since KP and BKP\nhierarchies have played an essential role in soliton theory, we believe that\nthe bilinear NKP and NBKP hierarchies will have their right place in this\nfield.\n" }, { "id": "48929b6b-b8db-4c36-a047-80bcda51e563", "adv_source_id": "48929b6b-b8db-4c36-a047-80bcda51e563", "source_id": "48929b6b-b8db-4c36-a047-80bcda51e563", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Highly interactive kink solutions", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work we present a new class of real scalar field models admitting\nstrongly interactive kink solutions. Instead of the usual exponential\nasymptotic behavior these topological solutions exhibit a power-law one. We\ninvestigate the interaction force between a pair of kink/anti-kink solutions\nboth analytically and numerically, by integrating the time dependent field\nequations of the model. Furthermore, working within the first-order framework,\nwe analyze the linear stability of these solutions. The stability analysis\nleads to Sch\\\"odinger-like equations with potentials which, despite admitting\nno bound states, lead to strong resonance peaks. We argue that these properties\nare important for some possible physical applications.\n" }, { "id": "c06ac470-561b-4bf9-8816-7cc0a79f5c5d", "adv_source_id": "c06ac470-561b-4bf9-8816-7cc0a79f5c5d", "source_id": "c06ac470-561b-4bf9-8816-7cc0a79f5c5d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Design and Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of Single Crystal Diamond\n Nanobeam Cavities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the design and fabrication of nanobeam photonic crystal cavities\nin single crystal diamond for applications in cavity quantum electrodynamics.\nFirst, we describe three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations\nof a high quality factor (Q ~ 10^6) and small mode volume (V ~ 0.5\n({\\lambda}/n)^3) device whose cavity resonance corresponds to the zero-phonon\ntransition (637nm) of the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) color center in diamond. This\nhigh Q/V structure, which would allow for strong light-matter interaction, is\nachieved by gradually tapering the size of the photonic crystal holes between\nthe defect center and mirror regions of the nanobeam. Next, we demonstrate two\ndifferent focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication strategies to generate thin\ndiamond membranes and nanobeam photonic crystal resonators from a bulk crystal.\nThese approaches include a diamond crystal \"side-milling\" procedure as well as\nan application of the \"lift-off\" technique used in TEM sample preparation.\nFinally, we discuss certain aspects of the FIB fabrication routine that are a\nchallenge to the realization of the high-Q/V designs.\n" }, { "id": "f7f372e8-635d-4e1c-a7de-f99ffdb15e92", "adv_source_id": "f7f372e8-635d-4e1c-a7de-f99ffdb15e92", "source_id": "f7f372e8-635d-4e1c-a7de-f99ffdb15e92", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Component reduction in N=2 supergravity: the vector, tensor, and\n vector-tensor multiplets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent advances in curved N=2 superspace methods have rendered the component\nreduction of superspace actions more feasible than in the past. In this paper,\nwe consider models involving both vector and tensor multiplets coupled to\nsupergravity and demonstrate explicitly how component actions may be\nefficiently obtained. In addition, tensor multiplets coupled to conformal\nsupergravity are considered directly within projective superspace, where their\nformulation is most natural. We then demonstrate how the inverse procedure --\nthe lifting of component results to superspace -- can simplify the analysis of\ncomplicated multiplets. We address the off-shell N=2 vector-tensor multiplet\ncoupled to conformal supergravity with a central charge and demonstrate\nexplicitly how its constraints and Lagrangian can be written in a simpler way\nusing superfields.\n" }, { "id": "56a74f48-67a7-4c34-b185-8b0febbb0a86", "adv_source_id": "56a74f48-67a7-4c34-b185-8b0febbb0a86", "source_id": "56a74f48-67a7-4c34-b185-8b0febbb0a86", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Conformation changes and protein folding induced by \\phi^4 interaction", "prompt": null, "generation": " A model to describe the mechanism of conformational dynamics in protein based\non matter interactions using lagrangian approach and imposing certain symmetry\nbreaking is proposed. Both conformation changes of proteins and the injected\nnon-linear sources are represented by the bosonic lagrangian with an additional\n\\phi^4 interaction for the sources. In the model the spring tension of protein\nrepresenting the internal hydrogen bonds is realized as the interactions\nbetween individual amino acids and nonlinear sources. The folding pathway is\ndetermined by the strength of nonlinear sources that propagate through the\nprotein backbone. It is also shown that the model reproduces the results in\nsome previous works.\n" }, { "id": "8290d7b8-2ece-45c9-a0cd-39d5fb8dbe0f", "adv_source_id": "8290d7b8-2ece-45c9-a0cd-39d5fb8dbe0f", "source_id": "8290d7b8-2ece-45c9-a0cd-39d5fb8dbe0f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermodynamics of conformal fields in topologically non-trivial\n space-time backgrounds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the finite temperature behaviour of massless conformally coupled\nscalar fields in homogeneous lens spaces $S^3/{\\mathbb Z}_p$. High and low\ntemperature expansions are explicitly computed and the behavior of\nthermodynamic quantities under thermal duality is scrutinized. The analysis of\nthe entropy of the different lens spaces in the high-temperature limit points\nout the appearance of a topological nonextensive entropy, besides the standard\nStefan-Boltzmann extensive term. The remaining terms are exponentially\nsuppressed by the temperature. The topological entropy appears as a subleading\ncorrection to the free energy that can be obtained from the determinant of the\nlens space conformal Laplacian operator. In the low-temperature limit the\nleading term in the free energy is the Casimir energy and there is no trace of\nany power correction in any lens space. In fact, the remaining corrections are\nalways exponentially suppressed by the inverse of the temperature. The duality\nbetween the results of both expansions is further analyzed in the paper.\n" }, { "id": "b8f921f9-3e57-4890-9284-2c2f84c8efa4", "adv_source_id": "b8f921f9-3e57-4890-9284-2c2f84c8efa4", "source_id": "b8f921f9-3e57-4890-9284-2c2f84c8efa4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Experimental violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality under decoherence", "prompt": null, "generation": " Despite the great success of quantum mechanics, questions regarding its\napplication still exist and the boundary between quantum and classical\nmechanics remains unclear. Based on the philosophical assumptions of\nmacrorealism and noninvasive measurability, Leggett and Garg devised a series\nof inequalities (LG inequalities) involving a single system with a set of\nmeasurements at different times. Introduced as the Bell inequalities in time,\nthe violation of LG inequalities excludes the hidden-variable description based\non the above two assumptions. We experimentally investigated the single photon\nLG inequalities under decoherence simulated by birefringent media. These\ngeneralized LG inequalities test the evolution trajectory of the photon and are\nshown to be maximally violated in a coherent evolution process. The violation\nof LG inequalities becomes weaker with the increase of interaction time in the\nenvironment. The ability to violate the LG inequalities can be used to set a\nboundary of the classical realistic description.\n" }, { "id": "b35df89e-cb2e-4718-a358-bb95c6cc18f7", "adv_source_id": "b35df89e-cb2e-4718-a358-bb95c6cc18f7", "source_id": "b35df89e-cb2e-4718-a358-bb95c6cc18f7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin and transport effects in quantum microcavities with polarization\n splitting", "prompt": null, "generation": " Transport properties of exciton-polaritons in anisotropic quantum\nmicrocavities are considered theoretically. Microscopic symmetry of the\nstructure is taken into account by allowing for both the\nlongitudinal-transverse (TE-TM) and anisotropic splitting of polariton states.\nThe splitting is equivalent to an effective magnetic field acting on polariton\npseudospin, and polarization conversion in microcavities is shown to be caused\nby an interplay of exciton-polariton spin precession and elastic scattering. In\naddition, we considered the spin-dependent interference of polaritons leading\nto weak localization and calculated coherent backscattering intensities in\ndifferent polarizations. Our findings are in a very good agreement with the\nrecent experimental data.\n" }, { "id": "c6095890-26bf-4ac5-a062-beb90a282397", "adv_source_id": "c6095890-26bf-4ac5-a062-beb90a282397", "source_id": "c6095890-26bf-4ac5-a062-beb90a282397", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Determination of the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy at an Intermediate Baseline", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is generally believed that neutrino mass hierarchy can be determined at a\nlong baseline experiment, often using accelerator neutrino beams. Reactor\nneutrino experiments at an intermediate baseline have the capability to\ndistinguish normal or inverted hierarchy. Recently it has been demonstrated\nthat the mass hierarchy could possibly be identified using Fourier transform to\nthe L/E spectrum if the mixing angle $\\sin^2(2\\theta_{13})>0.02$. In this study\na more sensitive Fourier analysis is introduced. We found that an ideal\ndetector at an intermediate baseline ($\\sim 60$ km) could identify the mass\nhierarchy for a mixing angle $\\sin^2(2\\theta_{13}) > 0.005$, without\nrequirements on accurate information of reactor neutrino spectra and the value\nof $\\Delta m^2_{32}$.\n" }, { "id": "951543ba-769f-4ae8-88a7-155edccae148", "adv_source_id": "951543ba-769f-4ae8-88a7-155edccae148", "source_id": "951543ba-769f-4ae8-88a7-155edccae148", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pion transverse charge density from timelike form factor data", "prompt": null, "generation": " The transverse charge density in the pion can be represented as a dispersion\nintegral of the imaginary part of the pion form factor in the timelike region.\nThis formulation incorporates information from e+e- annihilation experiments\nand allows one to reconstruct the transverse density much more accurately than\nfrom the spacelike pion form factor data alone. We calculate the transverse\ndensity using an empirical parametrization of the timelike pion form factor and\nestimate that it is determined to an accuracy of ~10% at a distance b ~ 0.1 fm,\nand significantly better at larger distances. The density is found to be close\nto that obtained from a zero-width rho meson pole over a wide range and shows a\npronounced rise at small distances. The resulting two-dimensional image of the\nfast-moving pion can be interpreted in terms of its partonic structure in QCD.\nWe argue that the singular behavior of the charge density at the center\nrequires a substantial presence of pointlike configurations in the pion's\npartonic wave function, which can be probed in other high-momentum transfer\nprocesses.\n" }, { "id": "42eab7a1-b89a-489a-95fa-44059f8785f8", "adv_source_id": "42eab7a1-b89a-489a-95fa-44059f8785f8", "source_id": "42eab7a1-b89a-489a-95fa-44059f8785f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reconstruction of the primordial power spectrum from CMB data", "prompt": null, "generation": " Measuring the deviation from scale invariance of the primordial power\nspectrum is a critical test of inflation. In this paper we reconstruct the\nshape of the primordial power spectrum of curvature perturbations from the\ncosmic microwave background data, including the 7-year Wilkinson Microwave\nAnisotropy Probe data and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope 148 GHz data, by\nusing a binning method of a cubic spline interpolation in log-log space. We\nfind that the power-law spectrum is preferred by the data and that the\nHarrison-Zel'dovich spectrum is disfavored at 95% confidence level. These\nconclusions hold with and without allowing for tensor modes, however the\nsimpler model without tensors is preferred by the data. We do not find evidence\nfor a feature in the primordial power spectrum - in full agreement with generic\npredictions from cosmological inflation.\n" }, { "id": "239d3cd7-c4a7-438d-92a7-f9ff973baaea", "adv_source_id": "239d3cd7-c4a7-438d-92a7-f9ff973baaea", "source_id": "239d3cd7-c4a7-438d-92a7-f9ff973baaea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Microscopic Mechanism and Pairing Symmetry of Superconductivity in the\n Noncentrosymmetric Heavy Fermion Systems CeRhSI$_3$ and CeIrSi$_3$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the pairing symmetry of the noncentrosymmetric heavy fermion\nsuperconductors CeRhSi$_3$ and CeIrSi$_3$ under pressures, which are both\nantiferromagnets at ambient pressure. We solve the Eliashberg equation by means\nof the random phase approximation and find that the mixed state of extended\ns-wave and p-wave rather than the $d+f$ wave state could be realized by\nenhanced antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. It is elucidated that the gap\nfunction has line nodes on the Fermi surface and the resulting density of state\nin the superconducting state shows a similar character to that of usual d-wave\nsuperconductors, resulting in the NMR relaxation rate $1/(T_1T)$ that exhibits\nno coherence peak and behaves like $1/(T_1T)\\propto T^2$ at low temperatures.\n" }, { "id": "66bae1b8-b4d3-47bf-9685-342bd7add25a", "adv_source_id": "66bae1b8-b4d3-47bf-9685-342bd7add25a", "source_id": "66bae1b8-b4d3-47bf-9685-342bd7add25a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Geometric Characteristics of Dynamic Correlations for Combinatorial\n Regulation in Gene Expression Noise", "prompt": null, "generation": " Knowing which mode of combinatorial regulation (typically, AND or OR logic\noperation) that a gene employs is important for determining its function in\nregulatory networks. Here, we introduce a dynamic cross-correlation function\nbetween the output of a gene and its upstream regulator concentrations for\nsignatures of combinatorial regulation in gene expression noise. We find that\nthe correlation function is always upwards convex for the AND operation whereas\ndownwards convex for the OR operation, whichever sources of noise (intrinsic or\nextrinsic or both). In turn, this fact implies a means for inferring regulatory\nsynergies from available experimental data. The extensions and applications are\ndiscussed.\n" }, { "id": "607b2212-92cd-4fb0-8843-9fe7e420d430", "adv_source_id": "607b2212-92cd-4fb0-8843-9fe7e420d430", "source_id": "607b2212-92cd-4fb0-8843-9fe7e420d430", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Towards automated high-throughput screening of C. elegans on agar", "prompt": null, "generation": " High-throughput screening (HTS) using model organisms is a promising method\nto identify a small number of genes or drugs potentially relevant to human\nbiology or disease. In HTS experiments, robots and computers do a significant\nportion of the experimental work. However, one remaining major bottleneck is\nthe manual analysis of experimental results, which is commonly in the form of\nmicroscopy images. This manual inspection is labor intensive, slow and\nsubjective. Here we report our progress towards applying computer vision and\nmachine learning methods to analyze HTS experiments that use Caenorhabditis\nelegans (C. elegans) worms grown on agar. Our main contribution is a robust\nsegmentation algorithm for separating the worms from the background using\nbrightfield images. We also show that by combining the output of this\nsegmentation algorithm with an algorithm to detect the fluorescent dye, Nile\nRed, we can reliably distinguish different fluorescence-based phenotypes even\nthough the visual differences are subtle. The accuracy of our method is similar\nto that of expert human analysts. This new capability is a significant step\ntowards fully automated HTS experiments using C. elegans.\n" }, { "id": "6ff4d861-00c9-4784-b010-c627a5af2580", "adv_source_id": "6ff4d861-00c9-4784-b010-c627a5af2580", "source_id": "6ff4d861-00c9-4784-b010-c627a5af2580", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Complete hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis for photon systems assisted\n by quantum-dot spins in optical microcavities", "prompt": null, "generation": " Bell-state analysis (BSA) is essential in quantum communication, but it is\nimpossible to distinguish unambiguously the four Bell states in the\npolarization degree of freedom (DOF) of two-photon systems with only linear\noptical elements, except for the case in which the BSA is assisted with\nhyperentangled states, the simultaneous entanglement in more than one DOF.\nHere, we propose a scheme to distinguish completely the 16 hyperentangled Bell\nstates in both the polarization and the spatial-mode DOFs of two-photon\nsystems, by using the giant nonlinear optics in quantum dot-cavity systems.\nThis scheme can be applied to increase the channel capacity of long-distance\nquantum communication based on hyperentanglement, such as entanglement\nswapping, teleportation, and superdense coding. We use hyperentanglement\nswapping as an example to show the application of this HBSA.\n" }, { "id": "c677752c-807b-46d8-9ed2-eb4f4f4355c4", "adv_source_id": "c677752c-807b-46d8-9ed2-eb4f4f4355c4", "source_id": "c677752c-807b-46d8-9ed2-eb4f4f4355c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Vortex nucleation as a case study of symmetry breaking in quantum\n systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mean-field methods are a very powerful tool for investigating weakly\ninteracting many-body systems in many branches of physics. In particular, they\ndescribe with excellent accuracy trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. A generic,\nbut difficult question concerns the relation between the symmetry properties of\nthe true many-body state and its mean-field approximation. Here, we address\nthis question by considering, theoretically, vortex nucleation in a rotating\nBose-Einstein condensate. A slow sweep of the rotation frequency changes the\nstate of the system from being at rest to the one containing one vortex. Within\nthe mean-field framework, the jump in symmetry occurs through a turbulent phase\naround a certain critical frequency. The exact many-body ground state at the\ncritical frequency exhibits strong correlations and entanglement. We believe\nthat this constitutes a paradigm example of symmetry breaking in - or change of\nthe order parameter of - quantum many-body systems in the course of adiabatic\nevolution.\n" }, { "id": "66e983fe-0978-4880-b62d-6f8957dd98c3", "adv_source_id": "66e983fe-0978-4880-b62d-6f8957dd98c3", "source_id": "66e983fe-0978-4880-b62d-6f8957dd98c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interplay between quantum dissipation and an in-plane magnetic field in\n the spin ratchet effect", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the existence of the pure spin ratchet effect in a dissipative\nquasi-one-dimensional system with Rashba spin-orbit interaction. The system is\nadditionally placed into a transverse uniform stationary in-plane magnetic\nfield. It is shown that the effect exists at low temperatures and pure spin\ncurrents can be generated by applying an unbiased ac driving to the system. An\nanalytical expression for the ratchet spin current is derived. From this\nexpression it follows that the spin ratchet effect appears as a result of the\nsimultaneous presence of the spin-orbit interaction, coupling between the\norbital degrees of freedom and spatial asymmetry. In this paper we consider the\ncase of a broken spatial symmetry by virtue of asymmetric periodic potentials.\nIt turns out that an external magnetic field does not have any impact on the\nexistence of the spin ratchet effect, but it influences its efficiency\nenhancing or reducing the magnitude of the spin current.\n" }, { "id": "78620b27-18ac-458f-b889-1c754e10954c", "adv_source_id": "78620b27-18ac-458f-b889-1c754e10954c", "source_id": "78620b27-18ac-458f-b889-1c754e10954c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Continuous and Pontryagin duality of topological groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " For Pontryagin's group duality in the setting of locally compact topological\nAbelian groups, the topology on the character group is the compact open\ntopology. There exist at present two extensions of this theory to topological\ngroups which are not necessarily locally compact. The first, called the\nPontryagin dual, retains the compact-open topology. The second, the continuous\ndual, uses the continuous convergence structure. Both coincide on locally\ncompact topological groups but differ dramatically otherwise. The Pontryagin\ndual is a topological group while the continuous dual is usually not. On the\nother hand, the continuous dual is a left adjoint and enjoys many categorical\nproperties which fail for the Pontryagin dual. An examination and comparison of\nthese dualities was initiated in \\cite{CMP1}. In this paper we extend this\ncomparison considerably.\n" }, { "id": "e994f31d-f6ea-496c-9879-1e4ea7bb3157", "adv_source_id": "e994f31d-f6ea-496c-9879-1e4ea7bb3157", "source_id": "e994f31d-f6ea-496c-9879-1e4ea7bb3157", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dark matter asymmetry in supersymmetric Dirac leptogenesis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss asymmetric or symmetric dark matter candidate in the\nsupersymmetric Dirac leptogenesis scenario. By introducing a singlet superfield\ncoupling to right-handed neutrinos, the overabundance problem of dark matter\ncan be evaded and various possibilities for dark matter candidate arise. If the\nsinglino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), it becomes naturally\nasymmetric dark matter. On the other hand, the right-handed sneutrino is a\nsymmetric dark matter candidate whose relic density can be determined by the\nusual thermal freeze-out process. The conventional neutralino or gravitino LSP\ncan be also a dark matter candidate as its non-thermal production from the\nright-handed sneutrino can be controlled appropriately. In our scenario, the\nlate-decay of heavy supersymmetric particles mainly produce the right-handed\nsneutrino and neutrino which is harmless to the standard prediction of the\nbig-bang nucleosynthesis.\n" }, { "id": "e3f762ea-4a53-40fa-839e-5f2297b23bc6", "adv_source_id": "e3f762ea-4a53-40fa-839e-5f2297b23bc6", "source_id": "e3f762ea-4a53-40fa-839e-5f2297b23bc6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Riemann zeta-function, Part II", "prompt": null, "generation": " An odd meromorphic function f(s) is constructed from the Riemann\nzeta-function evaluated at one-half plus s. We determine the two-sided Laplace\ntransform representation of f(s) on open vertical strips, V'(4w), disjoint from\nthe (translated) critical strip. V'(4w) consists of all s with real part,\nRe(s), of absolute value greater than one-half and Re(s) between successive\npoles 4w, 4(w + 1) of f(s), with w an integer. The corresponding Laplace\ndensity is related to confluent hypergeometric functions. That density is shown\nto be positive for nonzero w other than -1. Those results are obtained without\nrelying on any unproven hypothesis. They are used together with the Riemann\nhypothesis and hypotheses advanced by the author to obtain conditional results\nconcerning the zeta-function. Those results are presented in Part I. Their\nproofs are derived in Parts III-V. A metric geometry expression of the\npositivity of the Laplace densities arising is established in Part VI.\n" }, { "id": "e0cfa6f1-48f0-4642-a240-b58870c5b455", "adv_source_id": "e0cfa6f1-48f0-4642-a240-b58870c5b455", "source_id": "e0cfa6f1-48f0-4642-a240-b58870c5b455", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Separation of Circulating Tokens", "prompt": null, "generation": " Self-stabilizing distributed control is often modeled by token abstractions.\nA system with a single token may implement mutual exclusion; a system with\nmultiple tokens may ensure that immediate neighbors do not simultaneously enjoy\na privilege. For a cyber-physical system, tokens may represent physical objects\nwhose movement is controlled. The problem studied in this paper is to ensure\nthat a synchronous system with m circulating tokens has at least d distance\nbetween tokens. This problem is first considered in a ring where d is given\nwhilst m and the ring size n are unknown. The protocol solving this problem can\nbe uniform, with all processes running the same program, or it can be\nnon-uniform, with some processes acting only as token relays. The protocol for\nthis first problem is simple, and can be expressed with Petri net formalism. A\nsecond problem is to maximize d when m is given, and n is unknown. For the\nsecond problem, the paper presents a non-uniform protocol with a single\ncorrective process.\n" }, { "id": "202ef38a-583e-410a-893e-0a4cde8ad222", "adv_source_id": "202ef38a-583e-410a-893e-0a4cde8ad222", "source_id": "202ef38a-583e-410a-893e-0a4cde8ad222", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectrum of the unresolved cosmic X ray background: what is unresolved\n 50 years after its discovery", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the spectral properties of the unresolved cosmic X-ray background\n(CXRB) in the 1.5-7.0 keV energy band with the aim of providing an\nobservational constraint on the statistical properties of those sources that\nare too faint to be individually probed. We made use of the Swift X-ray\nobservation of the Chandra Deep Field South complemented by the Chandra data.\nExploiting the lowest instrument background (Swift) together with the deepest\nobservation ever performed (Chandra) we measured the unresolved emission at the\ndeepest level and with the best accuracy available today. We find that the\nunresolved CXRB emission can be modeled by a single power law with a very hard\nphoton index Gamma=0.1+/-0.7 and a flux of 5(+/-3)E-12 cgs in the 2.0-10 keV\nenergy band (1 sigma error). Thanks to the low instrument background of the\nSwift-XRT, we significantly improved the accuracy with respect to previous\nmeasurements. These results point towards a novel ingredient in AGN population\nsynthesis models, namely a positive evolution of the Compton-thick AGN\npopulation from local Universe to high redshift.\n" }, { "id": "0d1b7069-b467-4ac1-8302-6c68db81ee4f", "adv_source_id": "0d1b7069-b467-4ac1-8302-6c68db81ee4f", "source_id": "0d1b7069-b467-4ac1-8302-6c68db81ee4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum vortex dynamics in two-dimensional neutral superfluids", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive an effective action for the vortex position degree-of-freedom in a\nsuperfluid by integrating out condensate phase and density fluctuation\nenvironmental modes. When the quantum dynamics of environmental fluctuations is\nneglected, we confirm the occurrence of the vortex Magnus force and obtain an\nexpression for the vortex mass. We find that this adiabatic approximation is\nvalid only when the superfluid droplet radius $R$, or the typical distance\nbetween vortices, is very much larger than the coherence length $\\xi$. We go\nbeyond the adiabatic approximation numerically, accounting for the quantum\ndynamics of environmental modes and capturing their dissipative coupling to\ncondensate dynamics. For the case of an optical-lattice superfluid we\ndemonstrate that vortex motion damping can be adjusted by tuning the ratio\nbetween the tunneling energy $J$ and the on-site interaction energy $U$. We\ncomment on the possibility of realizing vortex Landau level physics.\n" }, { "id": "7299f5d4-69c8-44f8-b2ca-05dd37937434", "adv_source_id": "7299f5d4-69c8-44f8-b2ca-05dd37937434", "source_id": "7299f5d4-69c8-44f8-b2ca-05dd37937434", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new perspective on renormalization: the scattering transformation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The scattering transformation developed by Mallat is put into the perspective\nof field theory. It is shown to be a simultaneous transformation of the field\nand the \"time\" parameter explicitly used in the definition of path integrals\ncentral to the Lagrangian approach and in the definition of the \"time\" ordered\nproducts used in the Hamiltonian (or canonical) approach. This transformation\npreserves the form of the S-matrix as \"time\" ordered products. The transformed\n\"time\" coordinate is the inverse \"time\" scale. This is traditionally the UV\ncutoff or renormalization parameter in standard approaches to renormalization.\nThe critical calculation will be the determination of the form of the effective\naction in this transformed coordinate system. This action will now be expressed\nas an integral of a Lagrangian density that is a function of the\nrenormalization parameter or transformed \"time\". Other symmetries of the action\ncan be explicitly built into the transformation. It will be demonstrated on a\nsimple 1D $\\phi^4$ field theory. This non-perturbative approach has great\npotential in possibly being used to renormalize quantum gravity and obtaining\nexpressions for the strongly coupled limit of QCD.\n" }, { "id": "1ac62145-a75a-486b-984a-c69d09be18ab", "adv_source_id": "1ac62145-a75a-486b-984a-c69d09be18ab", "source_id": "1ac62145-a75a-486b-984a-c69d09be18ab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Symmetry-induced giant vortex state in a superconducting film with a\n Penrose array of magnetic pinning centers", "prompt": null, "generation": " A direct visualization of the flux distribution in a Pb film covering a\nfive-fold Penrose array of Co dots is obtained by mapping the local field\ndistribution with a scanning Hall probe microscope. We demonstrate that stable\nvortex configurations can be found for fields H~0.8H_1, H_1 and 1.6H_1, where\nH_1 corresponds to one flux quantum per pinning site. The vortex pattern at\n0.8H_1 corresponds to one vacancy in one of the vertices of the thin tiles\nwhereas at 1.6H_1 the vortex structure can be associated with one interstitial\nvortex inside each thick tile. Strikingly, for H=1.6H_1 interstitial and pinned\nvortices arrange themselves in ring-like structures (\"vortex corrals\") which\nfavor the formation of a giant vortex state at their center.\n" }, { "id": "4df21fb8-2fa0-4e58-9dff-3ff75377096a", "adv_source_id": "4df21fb8-2fa0-4e58-9dff-3ff75377096a", "source_id": "4df21fb8-2fa0-4e58-9dff-3ff75377096a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cartesian Coordinate, Oblique Boundary, Finite Differences and\n Interpolation", "prompt": null, "generation": " A numerical scheme is described for accurately accommodating oblique,\nnon-aligned, boundaries, on a three-dimensional cartesian grid. The scheme\ngives second-order accuracy in the solution for potential of Poisson's equation\nusing compact difference stencils involving only nearest neighbors.\nImplementation for general \"Robin\" boundary conditions and for boundaries\nbetween media of different dielectric constant for arbitrary-shaped regions is\ndescribed in detail. The scheme also provides for the interpolation of field\n(potential gradient) which, despite first-order peak errors immediately\nadjacent to the boundaries, has overall second order accuracy, and thus\nprovides with good accuracy what is required in particle-in-cell codes: the\nforce. Numerical tests on the implementation confirm the scalings and the\naccuracy.\n" }, { "id": "19c309c7-eba4-4758-af5e-e08b7f7a628e", "adv_source_id": "19c309c7-eba4-4758-af5e-e08b7f7a628e", "source_id": "19c309c7-eba4-4758-af5e-e08b7f7a628e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic transitions of single silicon vacancy centers in the\n near-infrared spectral region", "prompt": null, "generation": " Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of single silicon vacancy (SiV) centers\nfrequently feature very narrow room temperature PL lines in the near-infrared\n(NIR) spectral region, mostly between 820 nm and 840 nm, in addition to the\nwell known zero-phonon-line (ZPL) at approx. 738 nm [E. Neu et al., Phys. Rev.\nB 84, 205211 (2011)]. We here exemplarily prove for a single SiV center that\nthis NIR PL is due to an additional purely electronic transition (ZPL). For the\nNIR line at 822.7 nm, we find a room temperature linewidth of 1.4 nm (2.6 meV).\nThe line saturates at similar excitation power as the ZPL. ZPL and NIR line\nexhibit identical polarization properties. Cross-correlation measurements\nbetween the ZPL and the NIR line reveal anti-correlated emission and prove that\nthe lines originate from a single SiV center, furthermore indicating a fast\nswitching between the transitions (0.7 ns). g(2) auto-correlation measurements\nexclude that the NIR line is a vibronic sideband or that it arises due to a\ntransition from/to a meta-stable (shelving) state.\n" }, { "id": "c5010684-0e3d-4a3b-b7a2-5595eeeed30d", "adv_source_id": "c5010684-0e3d-4a3b-b7a2-5595eeeed30d", "source_id": "c5010684-0e3d-4a3b-b7a2-5595eeeed30d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Variational Monte Carlo Method Combined with Quantum-Number Projection\n and Multi-Variable Optimization", "prompt": null, "generation": " Variational wave functions used in the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method\nare extensively improved to overcome the biases coming from the assumed\nvariational form of the wave functions. We construct a highly generalized\nvariational form by introducing a large number of variational parameters to the\nGutzwiller-Jastrow factor as well as to the one-body part. Moreover, the\nprojection operator to restore the symmetry of the wave function is introduced.\nThese improvements enable to treat fluctuations with long-ranged as well as\nshort-ranged correlations. A highly generalized wave function is implemented by\nthe Pfaffians introduced by Bouchaud et al., together with the stochastic\nreconfiguration method introduced by Sorella for the parameter optimization.\nOur framework offers much higher accuracy for strongly correlated electron\nsystems than the conventional variational Monte Carlo methods.\n" }, { "id": "0e865e45-c20e-4e3b-860a-d3a2d1e800cc", "adv_source_id": "0e865e45-c20e-4e3b-860a-d3a2d1e800cc", "source_id": "0e865e45-c20e-4e3b-860a-d3a2d1e800cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Efficient System-Enforced Deterministic Parallelism", "prompt": null, "generation": " Deterministic execution offers many benefits for debugging, fault tolerance,\nand security. Running parallel programs deterministically is usually difficult\nand costly, however - especially if we desire system-enforced determinism,\nensuring precise repeatability of arbitrarily buggy or malicious software.\nDeterminator is a novel operating system that enforces determinism on both\nmultithreaded and multi-process computations. Determinator's kernel provides\nonly single-threaded, \"shared-nothing\" address spaces interacting via\ndeterministic synchronization. An untrusted user-level runtime uses distributed\ncomputing techniques to emulate familiar abstractions such as Unix processes,\nfile systems, and shared memory multithreading. The system runs parallel\napplications deterministically both on multicore PCs and across nodes in a\ncluster. Coarse-grained parallel benchmarks perform and scale comparably to -\nsometimes better than - conventional systems, though determinism is costly for\nfine-grained parallel applications.\n" }, { "id": "014b21cb-cf88-4212-94a5-b9a08a08b919", "adv_source_id": "014b21cb-cf88-4212-94a5-b9a08a08b919", "source_id": "014b21cb-cf88-4212-94a5-b9a08a08b919", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Geometry and Shape of Minkowski's Space Conformal Infinity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We review and further analyze Penrose's 'light cone at infinity' - the\nconformal closure of Minkowski space. Examples of a potential confusion in the\nexisting literature about it's geometry and shape are pointed out. It is argued\nthat it is better to think about conformal infinity as of a needle horn\nsupercyclide (or a limit horn torus) made of a family of circles, all\nintersecting at one and only one point, rather than that of a 'cone'. A\nparametrization using circular null geodesics is given. Compactified Minkowski\nspace is represented in three ways: as a group manifold of the unitary group\nU(2) a projective quadric in six-dimensional real space of signature (4,2) and\nas the Grassmannian of maximal totally isotropic subspaces in complex\nfour--dimensional twistor space. Explicit relations between these\nrepresentations are given, using a concrete representation of antilinear action\nof the conformal Clifford algebra Cl(4,2) on twistors. Concepts of space-time\ngeometry are explicitly linked to those of Lie sphere geometry. In particular\nconformal infinity is faithfully represented by planes in 3D real space plus\nthe infinity point. Closed null geodesics trapped at infinity are represented\nby parallel plane fronts (plus infinity point). A version of the projective\nquadric in six-dimensional space where the quotient is taken by positive reals\nis shown to lead to a symmetric Dupin's type `needle horn cyclide' shape of\nconformal infinity.\n" }, { "id": "3fc0b9a5-b662-43f1-9e6e-f494aae26e02", "adv_source_id": "3fc0b9a5-b662-43f1-9e6e-f494aae26e02", "source_id": "3fc0b9a5-b662-43f1-9e6e-f494aae26e02", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A decade of solar Type III radio bursts observed by the Nancay\n Radioheliograph 1998-2008", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a statistical survey of almost 10 000 radio Type III bursts\nobserved by the Nancay Radioheliograph from 1998 to 2008, covering nearly a\nfull solar cycle. In particular, sources sizes, positions, and fluxes were\nexamined. We find an east-west asymmetry in source positions which could be\nattributed to a 6(+/-)1 degree eastward tilt of the magnetic field, that source\nFWHM sizes s roughly follow a solar-cycle averaged distribution dN/ds = 14\n{\\nu}^{-3.3} s^{-4} arcmin^{-1} day^{-1}, and that source fluxes closely follow\na solar-cycle averaged dN/dS_{\\nu} = 0.34 {\\nu}^{-2.9} S_{\\nu}^{-1.7} sfu^{-1}\nday^{-1} distribution (when {\\nu} is in GHz, s in arcmin, and S_{\\nu} in sfu).\nFitting a barometric density profile yields a temperature of 0.6 MK, while a\nsolar wind-like (\\propto h^{-2}) density profile yields a density of 1.2x10^6\ncm^{-3} at an altitude of 1 RS, assuming harmonic emission. Finally, we found\nthat the solar-cycle averaged radiated Type III energy could be similar in\nmagnitude to that radiated by nanoflares via non-thermal bremsstrahlung\nprocesses, and we hint at the possibility that escaping electron beams might\ncarry as much energy away from the corona as is introduced into it by\naccelerated nanoflare electrons.\n" }, { "id": "2c7a4ada-1b97-4e36-9193-f7013e280fd2", "adv_source_id": "2c7a4ada-1b97-4e36-9193-f7013e280fd2", "source_id": "2c7a4ada-1b97-4e36-9193-f7013e280fd2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Eugene Garfield and Algorithmic Historiography: Co-Words, Co-Authors,\n and Journal Names", "prompt": null, "generation": " Algorithmic historiography was proposed by Eugene Garfield in collaboration\nwith Irving Sher in the 1960s, but further developed only recently into\nHistCite^{TM} with Alexander Pudovkin. As in history writing, HistCite^{TM}\nreconstructs by drawing intellectual lineages. In addition to cited references,\nhowever, documents can be attributed a multitude of other variables such as\ntitle words, keywords, journal names, author names, and even full texts. New\ndevelopments in multidimensional scaling (MDS) enable us not only to visualize\nthese patterns at each moment of time, but also to animate them over time.\nUsing title words, co-authors, and journal names in Garfield's oeuvre, the\nmethod is demonstrated and further developed in this paper (and in the\nanimation at http://www.leydesdorff.net/garfield/animation). The variety and\nsubstantive content of the animation enables us to write, visualize, and\nanimate the author's intellectual history.\n" }, { "id": "d975c5d1-d9c9-4257-bcd1-1d630055c63d", "adv_source_id": "d975c5d1-d9c9-4257-bcd1-1d630055c63d", "source_id": "d975c5d1-d9c9-4257-bcd1-1d630055c63d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kinetic Signatures and Intermittent Turbulence in the Solar Wind Plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " A connection between kinetic processes and intermittent turbulence is\nobserved in the solar wind plasma using measurements from the Wind spacecraft\nat 1 AU. In particular, kinetic effects such as temperature anisotropy and\nplasma heating are concentrated near coherent structures, such as current\nsheets, which are non-uniformly distributed in space. Furthermore, these\ncoherent structures are preferentially found in plasma unstable to the mirror\nand firehose instabilities. The inhomogeneous heating in these regions, which\nis present in both the magnetic field parallel and perpendicular temperature\ncomponents, results in protons at least 3-4 times hotter than under typical\nstable plasma conditions. These results offer a new understanding of kinetic\nprocesses in a turbulent regime, where linear Vlasov theory is not sufficient\nto explain the inhomogeneous plasma dynamics operating near non-Gaussian\nstructures.\n" }, { "id": "97736c9a-c586-4643-a5c9-b7ef1213d3d7", "adv_source_id": "97736c9a-c586-4643-a5c9-b7ef1213d3d7", "source_id": "97736c9a-c586-4643-a5c9-b7ef1213d3d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhancing topology adaptation in information-sharing social networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " The advent of Internet and World Wide Web has led to unprecedent growth of\nthe information available. People usually face the information overload by\nfollowing a limited number of sources which best fit their interests. It has\nthus become important to address issues like who gets followed and how to allow\npeople to discover new and better information sources. In this paper we conduct\nan empirical analysis on different on-line social networking sites, and draw\ninspiration from its results to present different source selection strategies\nin an adaptive model for social recommendation. We show that local search rules\nwhich enhance the typical topological features of real social communities give\nrise to network configurations that are globally optimal. These rules create\nnetworks which are effective in information diffusion and resemble structures\nresulting from real social systems.\n" }, { "id": "a8eacd12-16c6-4335-86ba-d9b4ac5e5f0d", "adv_source_id": "a8eacd12-16c6-4335-86ba-d9b4ac5e5f0d", "source_id": "a8eacd12-16c6-4335-86ba-d9b4ac5e5f0d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Secular effects on inflation from one-loop quantum gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we revisit and extend a previous analysis where the possible\nrelevance of quantum gravity effects in a cosmological setup was studied. The\nobject of interest are non-local (logarithmic) terms generated in the effective\naction of gravity due to the exchange in loops of massless modes (such as\nphotons or the gravitons themselves). We correct one mistake existing in the\nprevious work and discuss the issue in a more general setting in different\ncosmological scenarios. We obtain the one-loop quantum-corrected evolution\nequations for the cosmological scale factor up to a given order in a derivative\nexpansion in two particular cases: a matter dominated universe with vanishing\ncosmological constant, and in a de Sitter universe. We show that the quantum\ncorrections, albeit tiny, may have a secular effect that eventually modifies\nthe expansion rate. For a de Sitter universe they tend to slow down the rate of\nthe expansion, while the effect seems to have the opposite sign in a matter\ndominated universe. To partly understand these effects we provide a\ncomplementary newtonian analysis.\n" }, { "id": "bad2264d-e24a-4d90-ac2b-355e53d6cc37", "adv_source_id": "bad2264d-e24a-4d90-ac2b-355e53d6cc37", "source_id": "bad2264d-e24a-4d90-ac2b-355e53d6cc37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamical Localization for Unitary Anderson Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper establishes dynamical localization properties of certain families\nof unitary random operators on the d-dimensional lattice in various regimes.\nThese operators are generalizations of one-dimensional physical models of\nquantum transport and draw their name from the analogy with the discrete\nAnderson model of solid state physics. They consist in a product of a\ndeterministic unitary operator and a random unitary operator. The deterministic\noperator has a band structure, is absolutely continuous and plays the role of\nthe discrete Laplacian. The random operator is diagonal with elements given by\ni.i.d. random phases distributed according to some absolutely continuous\nmeasure and plays the role of the random potential. In dimension one, these\noperators belong to the family of CMV-matrices in the theory of orthogonal\npolynomials on the unit circle.\n We implement the method of Aizenman-Molchanov to prove exponential decay of\nthe fractional moments of the Green function for the unitary Anderson model in\nthe following three regimes: In any dimension, throughout the spectrum at large\ndisorder and near the band edges at arbitrary disorder and, in dimension one,\nthroughout the spectrum at arbitrary disorder. We also prove that exponential\ndecay of fractional moments of the Green function implies dynamical\nlocalization, which in turn implies spectral localization.\n These results complete the analogy with the self-adjoint case where dynamical\nlocalization is known to be true in the same three regimes.\n" }, { "id": "d77ffe7f-ebf4-4625-be47-6b60f1dc6774", "adv_source_id": "d77ffe7f-ebf4-4625-be47-6b60f1dc6774", "source_id": "d77ffe7f-ebf4-4625-be47-6b60f1dc6774", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The general form of gamma-family of quantum relative entropies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use the Falcone-Takesaki non-commutative flow of weights and the resulting\ntheory of non-commutative Lp spaces in order to define the family of relative\nentropy functionals that naturally generalise the quantum relative entropies of\nJencova-Ojima and the classical relative entropies of Zhu-Rohwer, and belong to\nan intersection of families of Petz relative entropies with Bregman relative\nentropies. For the purpose of this task, we generalise the notion of Bregman\nentropy to the infinite-dimensional non-commutative case using the\nLegendre-Fenchel duality. In addition, we use the Falcone-Takesaki duality to\nextend the duality between coarse-grainings and Markov maps to the\ninfinite-dimensional non-commutative case. Following the recent result of Amari\nfor the Zhu-Rohwer entropies, we conjecture that the proposed family of\nrelative entropies is uniquely characterised by the Markov monotonicity and the\nLegendre-Fenchel duality. The role of these results in the foundations and\napplications of quantum information theory is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "a3082e0a-2b15-40f0-beba-e943558a63b8", "adv_source_id": "a3082e0a-2b15-40f0-beba-e943558a63b8", "source_id": "a3082e0a-2b15-40f0-beba-e943558a63b8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probing the supersymmetry breaking mechanism using renormalisation group\n invariants", "prompt": null, "generation": " If supersymmetric particles are discovered, an important problem will be to\ndetermine how supersymmetry has been broken. At collider energies,\nsupersymmetry breaking can be parameterised by soft supersymmetry breaking\nparameters. Several mechanisms for supersymmetry breaking have been proposed,\nwhich are all characterised by patterns in the high scale values of these\nparameters. Therefore, looking for such patterns will give us important clues\nabout the way supersymmetry has been broken in Nature. In this master thesis,\nwe study an approach to find these patterns using Renormalisation Group\ninvariants. We construct sum rules that test properties of the spectrum at the\nscale of supersymmetry breaking, provided that the Minimal Supersymmetric\nStandard Model is a good description of Nature at collider energies and all\nsoft mass parameters and gauge couplings have been determined. Subsequently, we\nexamine to what extent these sum rules can distinguish between different\nsupersymmetry breaking scenarios. It is found that our sum rules provide\nunambiguous checks in almost all cases.\n" }, { "id": "1be12199-b47a-4e21-a754-800a5a343d98", "adv_source_id": "1be12199-b47a-4e21-a754-800a5a343d98", "source_id": "1be12199-b47a-4e21-a754-800a5a343d98", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gauge k-vortices", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider gauge vortices in symmetry breaking models with a non-canonical\nkinetic term. This work extends our previous study on global topological\nk-defects (hep-th/0608071), including a gauge field. The model consists of a\nscalar field with a non-canonical kinetic term, while for the gauge field the\nstandard form of its kinetic term is preserved. Topological defects arising in\nsuch models, k-vortices, may have quite different properties as compared to\n``standard'' vortices. This happens because an additional dimensional parameter\nenters the Lagrangian for the considered model -- a ``kinetic'' mass. We\nbriefly discuss possible consequences for cosmology, in particular, the\nformation of cosmic strings during phase transitions in the early universe and\ntheir properties.\n" }, { "id": "4b7bdd8f-5f51-46d8-af0c-20dd8be34c9a", "adv_source_id": "4b7bdd8f-5f51-46d8-af0c-20dd8be34c9a", "source_id": "4b7bdd8f-5f51-46d8-af0c-20dd8be34c9a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Glueball Spectra of SQCD-like Theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the spectrum of scalar glueballs in SQCD-like theories whose gravity\ndescription is in terms of Nc D5 color branes wrapped on an S^2 inside a\nCY3-fold, and Nf backreacting D5 flavor branes wrapped on a non-compact\ntwo-cycle inside the same CY3-fold. We show that there exists a consistent\ntruncation of the ten-dimensional Type IIB supergravity system to a\nfive-dimensional non-linear sigma model consisting of four scalars coupled to\ngravity. Studying fluctuations of the scalars as well as the metric around\nparticular backgrounds allows us to compute their spectra. A few different\nbackgrounds share the same qualitative features, namely that the mass of the\nlightest scalar glueball increases as the number of flavors is increased, until\none reaches the point Nf = 2 Nc after which the opposite behaviour is obtained.\nWe show that the five-dimensional non-linear sigma model obeys Seiberg duality,\nand demonstrate this explicitly for the spectra of a class of backgrounds that\nare Seiberg dual to themselves.\n" }, { "id": "a9888c0b-bb1d-4b86-b74e-62b039ab9ade", "adv_source_id": "a9888c0b-bb1d-4b86-b74e-62b039ab9ade", "source_id": "a9888c0b-bb1d-4b86-b74e-62b039ab9ade", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-Entangling Channels for Multiple Collisions of Quantum Wave Packets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider multiple collisions of quantum wave packets in one dimension. The\nsystem under investigation consists of an impenetrable wall and of two\nhard-core particles with very different masses. The lighter particle bounces\nbetween the heavier one and the wall. Both particles are initially represented\nby narrow Gaussian wave packets. A complete analytical solution of this problem\nis presented on the basis of a new method. The idea of the method is to\ndecompose the two-particle wave function into a continuous superposition of\nterms (channels), such that the multiple collisions within each channel do not\nlead to subsequent entanglement between the two particles. For each channel,\nthe time evolution of the two-particle wave function is completely determined\nby the motion of the corresponding classical point-like particles; therefore\nthe whole quantum problem is reduced to a classical calculation. The\ncalculation based on the above method reveals the following unexpected result:\nThe entanglement between the two particles first increases with time due to the\ncollisions, but then it begins to decrease, disappearing completely when the\nlight particle becomes too slow to catch up with the heavy one.\n" }, { "id": "65912587-8497-4098-b35e-237f09716e7a", "adv_source_id": "65912587-8497-4098-b35e-237f09716e7a", "source_id": "65912587-8497-4098-b35e-237f09716e7a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "K-shell photoionization of ground-state Li-like carbon ions [C$^{3+}$]:\n experiment, theory and comparison with time-reversed photorecombination", "prompt": null, "generation": " Absolute cross sections for the K-shell photoionization of ground-state\nLi-like carbon [C$^{3+}$(1s$^2$2s $^2$S)] ions were measured by employing the\nion-photon merged-beams technique at the Advanced Light Source. The energy\nranges 299.8--300.15 eV, 303.29--303.58 eV and 335.61--337.57 eV of the\n[1s(2s2p)$^3$P]$^2$P, [1s(2s2p)$^1$P]$^2$P and [(1s2s)$^3$S 3p]$^2$P\nresonances, respectively, were investigated using resolving powers of up to\n6000. The autoionization linewidth of the [1s(2s2p)$^1$P]$^2$P resonance was\nmeasured to be $27 \\pm 5$ meV and compares favourably with a theoretical result\nof 26 meV obtained from the intermediate coupling R-Matrix method. The present\nphotoionization cross section results are compared with the outcome from\nphotorecombination measurements by employing the principle of detailed balance.\n" }, { "id": "c117440f-78f1-48a5-b216-31cd962b130c", "adv_source_id": "c117440f-78f1-48a5-b216-31cd962b130c", "source_id": "c117440f-78f1-48a5-b216-31cd962b130c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlinear optical properties in a quantum well with the hyperbolic\n confinement potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have performed theoretical calculation of the nonlinear optical properties\nin a quantum well (QW) with the hyperbolic confinement potential. Calculation\nresults reveal that the transition energy, oscillator strength, second-order\nnonlinear optical rectification (OR), geometric factor and nonlinear optical\nabsorption (OA) are strongly affected by the parameters ($\\alpha, \\sigma$) of\nthe hyperbolic confinement potential. And an increment of the parameter\n$\\alpha$ reduces all these physical quantities, while an increment of the\nparameter $\\sigma$ enhances them, but not for geometric factor. In addition, it\nis found that one can control the optical properties of QW by tuning these\nparameters.\n" }, { "id": "4b3b2956-20b1-4a89-84b5-b980541fcdb6", "adv_source_id": "4b3b2956-20b1-4a89-84b5-b980541fcdb6", "source_id": "4b3b2956-20b1-4a89-84b5-b980541fcdb6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Fine Structure Constant and the CMB Damping Scale", "prompt": null, "generation": " The recent measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies at\narcminute angular scales performed by the ACT and SPT experiments are probing\nthe damping regime of CMB fluctuations. The analysis of these datasets\nunexpectedly suggests that the effective number of relativistic degrees of\nfreedom is larger than the standard value of Neff = 3.04, and inconsistent with\nit at more than two standard deviations. In this paper we study the role of a\nmechanism that could affect the shape of the CMB angular fluctuations at those\nscales, namely a change in the recombination process through variations in the\nfine structure constant. We show that the new CMB data significantly improve\nthe previous constraints on variations of {\\alpha}, with {\\alpha}/{\\alpha}0 =\n0.984 \\pm 0.005, i.e. hinting also to a more than two standard deviation from\nthe current, local, value {\\alpha}0. A significant degeneracy is present\nbetween {\\alpha} and Neff, and when variations in the latter are allowed the\nconstraints on {\\alpha} are relaxed and again consistent with the standard\nvalue. Deviations of either parameter from their standard values would imply\nthe presence of new, currently unknown physics.\n" }, { "id": "ca54947a-02f9-43c4-861d-1400d86a535d", "adv_source_id": "ca54947a-02f9-43c4-861d-1400d86a535d", "source_id": "ca54947a-02f9-43c4-861d-1400d86a535d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mass-varying neutrino in light of cosmic microwave background and weak\n lensing", "prompt": null, "generation": " We aim to constrain mass-varying neutrino models using large scale structure\nobservations and produce forecast for the Euclid survey. We investigate two\nmodels with different scalar field potential and both positive and negative\ncoupling parameters \\beta. These parameters correspond to growing or decreasing\nneutrino mass, respectively. We explore couplings up to |\\beta|<5. In the case\nof the exponential potential, we find an upper limit on $\\Omega_\\nu h^2$<0.004\nat 2-$\\sigma$ level. In the case of the inverse power law potential the null\ncoupling can be excluded with more than 2-\\sigma significance; the limits on\nthe coupling are \\beta>3 for the growing neutrino mass and \\beta<-1.5 for the\ndecreasing mass case. This is a clear sign for a preference of higher\ncouplings. When including a prior on the present neutrino mass the upper limit\non the coupling becomes |\\beta|<3 at 2-$\\sigma$ level for the exponential\npotential. Finally, we present a Fisher forecast using the tomographic weak\nlensing from an Euclid-like experiment and we also consider the combination\nwith the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarisation spectra\nfrom a Planck-like mission. If considered alone, lensing data is more efficient\nin constraining $\\Omega_\\nu$ with respect to CMB data alone. There is, however,\na strong degeneracy in the \\beta-$\\Omega_\\nu h^2$ plane. When the two data sets\nare combined, the latter degeneracy remains, but the errors are reduced by a\nfactor ~2 for both parameters.\n" }, { "id": "2871e145-3341-4985-89a6-4e318ae724eb", "adv_source_id": "2871e145-3341-4985-89a6-4e318ae724eb", "source_id": "2871e145-3341-4985-89a6-4e318ae724eb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simultaneous Observations of a Large-Scale Wave Event in the Solar\n Atmosphere: From Photosphere to Corona", "prompt": null, "generation": " For the first time, we report a large-scale wave that was observed\nsimultaneously in the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region and low\ncorona layers of the solar atmosphere. Using the high temporal and high spatial\nresolution observations taken by the Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope\nat Hida Observatory and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard Solar\nDynamic Observatory, we find that the wave evolved synchronously at different\nheights of the solar atmosphere, and it propagated at a speed of 605 km/s and\nshowed a significant deceleration (-424 m/s2) in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV)\nobservations. During the initial stage, the wave speed in the EUV observations\nwas 1000 km/s, similar to those measured from the AIA 1700 {\\AA} (967 km/s) and\n1600 {\\AA} (893 km/s) observations. The wave was reflected by a remote region\nwith open fields, and a slower wave-like feature at a speed of 220 km/s was\nalso identified following the primary fast wave. In addition, a type-II radio\nburst was observed to be associated with the wave. We conclude that this wave\nshould be a fast magnetosonic shock wave, which was firstly driven by the\nassociated coronal mass ejection and then propagated freely in the corona. As\nthe shock wave propagated, its legs swept the solar surface and thereby\nresulted in the wave signatures observed in the lower layers of the solar\natmosphere. The slower wave-like structure following the primary wave was\nprobably caused by the reconfiguration of the low coronal magnetic fields, as\npredicted in the field-line stretching model.\n" }, { "id": "b8be3294-2d6f-453c-8673-d5cc3cf94ac5", "adv_source_id": "b8be3294-2d6f-453c-8673-d5cc3cf94ac5", "source_id": "b8be3294-2d6f-453c-8673-d5cc3cf94ac5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Link Homology Theories from Extended Cobordisms", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is devoted to the study of algebraic structures leading to link\nhomology theories. The originally used structures of Frobenius algebra and/or\nTQFT are modified in two directions. First, we refine 2-dimensional cobordisms\nby taking into account their embedding into the three space. Secondly, we\nextend the underlying cobordism category to a 2-category, where the usual\nrelations hold up to 2-isomorphisms. The corresponding abelian 2-functor is\ncalled an extended quantum field theory (EQFT). We show that the Khovanov\nhomology, the nested Khovanov homology, extracted by Stroppel and Webster from\nSeidel-Smith construction, and the odd Khovanov homology fit into this setting.\nMoreover, we prove that any EQFT based on a Z_2-extension of the embedded\ncobordism category which coincides with Khovanov after reducing the\ncoefficients modulo 2, gives rise to a link invariant homology theory\nisomorphic to those of Khovanov.\n" }, { "id": "b29f15a2-bef9-40fe-8faf-f366729bb411", "adv_source_id": "b29f15a2-bef9-40fe-8faf-f366729bb411", "source_id": "b29f15a2-bef9-40fe-8faf-f366729bb411", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Energy Dependence of Directed Flow in Au+Au Collisions from a\n Multi-phase Transport Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " The directed flow of charged hadron and identified particles has been studied\nin the framework of a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model, for\n$^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$200, 130, 62.4, 39, 17.2\nand 9.2 GeV. The rapidity, centrality and energy dependence of directed flow\nfor charged particles over a wide rapidity range are presented. AMPT model\ngives the correct $v_1(y)$ slope, as well as its trend as a function of energy,\nwhile it underestimates the magnitude. Within the AMPT model, the proton $v_1$\nslope is found to change its sign when the energy increases to 130 GeV - a\nfeature that is consistent with ``anti-flow''. Hadronic re-scattering is found\nhaving little effect on $v_1$ at top RHIC energies. These studies can help us\nto understand the collective dynamics at early times in relativistic heavy-ion\ncollisions, and they can also be served as references for the RHIC Beam Energy\nScan program.\n" }, { "id": "be0e295f-3084-4aa7-af7e-91e2bac39911", "adv_source_id": "be0e295f-3084-4aa7-af7e-91e2bac39911", "source_id": "be0e295f-3084-4aa7-af7e-91e2bac39911", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Geometric phases in open tripod systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We first consider stimulated Raman adibatic passages (STIRAP) in a closed\nfour-level tripod system. In this case, the adiabatic eigenstates of the system\nacquire real geometric phases. When the system is open and subject to\ndecoherence they acquire complex geometric phases that we determine by a Monte\nCarlo wave function approach. We calculate the geometric phases and the state\nevolution in the closed as well as in the open system cases and describe the\ndeviation between these in terms of the phases acquired. When the system is\nclosed, the adiabatic evolution implements a Hadamard gate. The open system\nimplements an imperfect gate and hence has a fidelity below unity. We express\nthis fidelity in terms of the acquired geometric phases.\n" }, { "id": "8338f1a5-6c45-4afd-88d7-b5a3fbf22b8e", "adv_source_id": "8338f1a5-6c45-4afd-88d7-b5a3fbf22b8e", "source_id": "8338f1a5-6c45-4afd-88d7-b5a3fbf22b8e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Separation dichotomy and wavefronts for a nonlinear convolution equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is concerned with a scalar nonlinear convolution equation which\nappears naturally in the theory of traveling waves for monostable evolution\nmodels. First, we prove that each bounded positive solution of the convolution\nequation should either be asymptotically separated from zero or it should\nconverge (exponentially) to zero. This dichotomy principle is then used to\nestablish a general theorem guaranteeing the uniform persistence and existence\nof semi-wavefront solutions to the convolution equation. Finally, we apply our\nabstract results to several well-studied classes of evolution equations with\nasymmetric non-local and non-monotone response. We show that, contrary to the\nsymmetric case, these equations can possess at the same time the stationary,\nthe expansion and the extinction waves.\n" }, { "id": "c8ee694b-ee55-4f47-a4bc-9e86b27df854", "adv_source_id": "c8ee694b-ee55-4f47-a4bc-9e86b27df854", "source_id": "c8ee694b-ee55-4f47-a4bc-9e86b27df854", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superoperator nonequilibrium Green's function theory of many-body\n systems; Applications to charge transfer and transport in open junctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Nonequilibrium Green's functions provide a powerful tool for computing the\ndynamical response and particle exchange statistics of coupled quantum systems.\nWe formulate the theory in terms of the density matrix in Liouville space and\nintroduce superoperator algebra that greatly simplifies the derivation and the\nphysical interpretation of all quantities. Expressions for various observables\nare derived directly in real time in terms of superoperator nonequilibrium\nGreen's functions (SNGF), rather than the artificial time-loop required in\nSchwinger's Hilbert-space formulation. Applications for computing interaction\nenergies, charge densities, average currents, current induced fluorescence,\nelectroluminescence and current fluctuation (electron counting) statistics are\ndiscussed.\n" }, { "id": "2f080c7f-180b-41bb-8fd6-5b1961bba58c", "adv_source_id": "2f080c7f-180b-41bb-8fd6-5b1961bba58c", "source_id": "2f080c7f-180b-41bb-8fd6-5b1961bba58c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Energy, entropy and the Ricci flow", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Ricci flow is a heat equation for metrics, which has recently been used\nto study the topology of closed three manifolds. In this paper we apply Ricci\nflow techniques to general relativity. We view a three dimensional\nasymptotically flat Riemannian metric as a time symmetric initial data set for\nEinstein's equations. We study the evolution of the area A and Hawking mass M\nof a two dimensional closed surface under the Ricci flow. The physical\nrelevance of our study derives from the fact that, in general relativity the\narea of apparent horizons is related to black hole entropy and the Hawking mass\nof an asymptotic round 2-sphere is the ADM energy.We begin by considering the\nspecial case of spherical symmetry to develop a physical feel for the geometric\nquantities involved. We then consider a general asymptotically flat Riemannian\nmetric and derive an inequality which relates the evolution of the area of a\nclosed surface S to its Hawking mass. We suggest that there may be a maximum\nprinciple which governs the long term existence of the asymptotically flat\nRicci flow.\n" }, { "id": "72bdcaf5-adc7-40e1-9c43-f78bc274e69a", "adv_source_id": "72bdcaf5-adc7-40e1-9c43-f78bc274e69a", "source_id": "72bdcaf5-adc7-40e1-9c43-f78bc274e69a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nuclear Georeactor Generation of Earth's Geomagnetic Field", "prompt": null, "generation": " The purpose of this communication is to suggest that the mechanism for\ngenerating the geomagnetic field and the energy source for powering it are one\nand the same, a nuclear georeactor at the center of the Earth. Toward this end,\nI: i) Present evidence that the nuclear georeactor fission-product sub-shell is\nfluid; ii)Suggest that the geomagnetic field is generated within the georeactor\nsub-shell, rather than within Earth's iron-alloy fluid core; iii) Describe why\nconvection appears more feasible within the georeactor sub-shell than within\nthe iron-alloy core; iv) Disclose additional relative physical advantages for\ngeoreactor sub-shell dynamo operation; and, v) Outline briefly the research\nthat should be conducted to advance the state of knowledge of\ngeoreactor-geomagnetic field generation. The concept of geomagnetic field\nproduction by the nuclear georeactor is presented specifically for the Earth.\nThe concepts and principles, however, are generally applicable to planetary\nmagnetic field production.\n" }, { "id": "879ea095-9a24-4e12-a86a-15994ed67f44", "adv_source_id": "879ea095-9a24-4e12-a86a-15994ed67f44", "source_id": "879ea095-9a24-4e12-a86a-15994ed67f44", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Diffraction, Saturation and pp Cross Sections at the LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " Results from the large hadron collider (LHC) show that no available Monte\nCarlo simulation incorporates our pre-LHC knowledge of soft and hard\ndiffraction in a way that could be reliably extrapolated to LHC energies. As a\nsimulation is needed to establish triggers, perform underlying event\ncorrections and calculate acceptances, the lack of a robust simulation affects\nall measurements at the LHC. Particularly affected are the measurements of\nprocesses with large diffractive rapidity gaps, which constitute about one\nquarter of the inelastic cross section. In this paper, a previously described\nphenomenological model based on a saturation effect observed in single\ndiffraction dissociation in pre-LHC data, validated by its successful\napplication to several diffractive processes, is used to predict the total and\ntotal-inelastic proton-proton cross sections at the LHC. The prediction for the\ntotal-inelastic cross section at a center of mass collision energy of 7 TeV is\ncompared with recent results from ATLAS and CMS.\n" }, { "id": "0d4385e2-67ae-4a3f-9603-dacbcb9fe9f6", "adv_source_id": "0d4385e2-67ae-4a3f-9603-dacbcb9fe9f6", "source_id": "0d4385e2-67ae-4a3f-9603-dacbcb9fe9f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the divisibility of $a^n \\pm b^n$ by powers of $n$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We determine all triples $(a,b,n)$ of positive integers such that $a$ and $b$\nare relatively prime and $n^k$ divides $a^n + b^n$ (respectively, $a^n - b^n$),\nwhen $k$ is the maximum of $a$ and $b$ (in fact, we answer a slightly more\ngeneral question). As a by-product, it is found that, for $m, n \\in \\mathbb\nN^+$ with $n \\ge 2$, $n^m$ divides $ m^n + 1$ if and only if $(m,n)=(2,3)$ or\n$(1,2)$, which generalizes problems from the 1990 and 1999 editions of the\nInternational Mathematical Olympiad. The results are related to a conjecture by\nK. Gy\\H{o}ry and C. Smyth on the finiteness of the sets $R_k^\\pm(a,b) := \\{n\n\\in \\mathbb N^+: n^k \\mid a^n \\pm b^n\\}$, when $a,b,k$ are fixed integers with\n$k \\ge 3$, $\\gcd(a,b) = 1$ and $|ab| \\ge 2$.\n" }, { "id": "a3a7f2a1-92e6-4dfd-a3df-03f3737fcc6d", "adv_source_id": "a3a7f2a1-92e6-4dfd-a3df-03f3737fcc6d", "source_id": "a3a7f2a1-92e6-4dfd-a3df-03f3737fcc6d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamical sensitivity of recurrence and transience of branching random\n walks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider a sequence of i.i.d. random variables $X_n$ where each random\nvariable is refreshed independently according to a Poisson clock. At any fixed\ntime $t$ the law of the sequence is the same as for the sequence at time 0 but\nat random times almost sure properties of the sequence may be violated. If\nthere are such \\emph{exceptional times} we say that the property is\n\\emph{dynamically sensitive}, otherwise we call it \\emph{dynamically stable}.\nIn this note we consider branching random walks on Cayley graphs and prove that\nrecurrence and transience are dynamically stable in the sub-and supercritical\nregime. While the critical case is left open in general we prove dynamical\nstability for a specific class of Cayley graphs. Our proof combines techniques\nfrom the theory of ranching random walks with those of dynamical percolation.\n" }, { "id": "6f3bc0bf-3841-4e20-9d26-fa66b7e1f34b", "adv_source_id": "6f3bc0bf-3841-4e20-9d26-fa66b7e1f34b", "source_id": "6f3bc0bf-3841-4e20-9d26-fa66b7e1f34b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Silicon Nanocrystallites in SiO2 Matrix: The Role of Disorder and Size", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compare, through first-principles pseudopotential calculations, the\nstructural, electronic and optical properties of different size silicon\nnanoclusters embedded in a SiO2 crystalline or amorphous matrix, with that of\nfree-standing, hydrogenated and hydroxided silicon nanoclusters of\ncorresponding size and shape. We find that the largest effect on the\nopto-electronic behavior is due to the amorphization of the embedded\nnanocluster. In that, the amorphization reduces the fundamental gap while\nincreasing the absorption strength in the visible range. Increasing the\nnanocluster size does not change substantially this picture but only leads to\nthe reduction of the absorption threshold, following the quantum confinement\nrule. Finally, through the calculation of the optical absorption spectra both\nin a indipendent-particle and many-body approach, we show that the effect of\nlocal fields is crucial for describing properly the optical behavior of the\ncrystalline case while it is of minor importance for amorphous systems.\n" }, { "id": "5572b2e0-9a24-4dd4-82cd-d567a095bef6", "adv_source_id": "5572b2e0-9a24-4dd4-82cd-d567a095bef6", "source_id": "5572b2e0-9a24-4dd4-82cd-d567a095bef6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stochastic suspensions of heavy particles", "prompt": null, "generation": " Turbulent suspensions of heavy particles in incompressible flows have gained\nmuch attention in recent years. A large amount of work focused on the impact\nthat the inertia and the dissipative dynamics of the particles have on their\ndynamical and statistical properties. Substantial progress followed from the\nstudy of suspensions in model flows which, although much simpler, reproduce\nmost of the important mechanisms observed in real turbulence. This paper\npresents recent developments made on the relative motion of a pair of particles\nsuspended in time-uncorrelated and spatially self-similar Gaussian flows. This\nreview is complemented by new results. By introducing a time-dependent Stokes\nnumber, it is demonstrated that inertial particle relative dispersion recovers\nasymptotically Richardson's diffusion associated to simple tracers. A\nperturbative (homogeneization) technique is used in the small-Stokes-number\nasymptotics and leads to interpreting first-order corrections to tracer\ndynamics in terms of an effective drift. This expansion implies that the\ncorrelation dimension deficit behaves linearly as a function of the Stokes\nnumber. The validity and the accuracy of this prediction is confirmed by\nnumerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "f6a51f27-78e7-4a16-9351-7f9c95ad145c", "adv_source_id": "f6a51f27-78e7-4a16-9351-7f9c95ad145c", "source_id": "f6a51f27-78e7-4a16-9351-7f9c95ad145c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A preconditioned iterative solver for the scattering solutions of the\n Schr\\\"odinger equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Schr\\\"odinger equation defines the dynamics of quantum particles which\nhas been an area of unabated interest in physics. We demonstrate how simple\ntransformations of the Schr\\\"odinger equation leads to a coupled linear system,\nwhereby each diagonal block is a high frequency Helmholtz problem. Based on\nthis model, we derive indefinite Helmholtz model problems with strongly varying\nwavenumbers. We employ the iterative approach for their solution. In\nparticular, we develop a preconditioner that has its spectrum restricted to a\nquadrant (of the complex plane) thereby making it easily invertible by\nmultigrid methods with standard components. This multigrid preconditioner is\nused in conjuction with suitable Krylov-subspace methods for solving the\nindefinite Helmholtz model problems. The aim of this study is to report the\nfeasbility of this preconditioner for the model problems. We compare this idea\nwith the other prevalent preconditioning ideas, and discuss its merits. Results\nof numerical experiments are presented, which complement the proposed ideas,\nand show that this preconditioner may be used in an automatic setting.\n" }, { "id": "913d934d-bcda-4cc7-9847-347159c8970d", "adv_source_id": "913d934d-bcda-4cc7-9847-347159c8970d", "source_id": "913d934d-bcda-4cc7-9847-347159c8970d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New results for algebraic tensor reduction of Feynman integrals", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on some recent developments in algebraic tensor reduction of\none-loop Feynman integrals. For 5-point functions, an efficient tensor\nreduction was worked out recently and is now available as numerical C++\npackage, PJFry, covering tensor ranks until five. It is free of inverse 5-point\nGram determinants, and inverse small 4-point Gram determinants are treated by\nexpansions in higher-dimensional 3-point functions. By exploiting sums over\nsigned minors, weighted with scalar products of chords (or, equivalently,\nexternal momenta), extremely efficient expressions for tensor integrals\ncontracted with external momenta were derived. The evaluation of 7-point\nfunctions is discussed. In the present approach one needs for the reductions a\n$(d+2)$-dimensional scalar 5-point function in addition to the usual scalar\nbasis of 1- to 4-point functions in the generic dimension $d=4-2 \\epsilon$.\nWhen exploiting the four-dimensionality of the kinematics, this basis is\nsufficient. We indicate how the $(d+2)$-dimensional 5-point function can be\nevaluated.\n" }, { "id": "76c1c36c-8d9a-48d3-9a53-76a6386a91b1", "adv_source_id": "76c1c36c-8d9a-48d3-9a53-76a6386a91b1", "source_id": "76c1c36c-8d9a-48d3-9a53-76a6386a91b1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Double-layer shocks in a magnetized quantum plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " The formation of small but finite amplitude electrostatic shocks in the\npropagation of quantum ion-acoustic waves (QIAWs) obliquely to an external\nmagnetic field is reported in a quantum electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma.\nSuch shocks are seen to have double-layer (DL) structures composed of the\ncompressive and accompanying rarefactive slow-wave fronts. Existence of such DL\nshocks depends critically on the quantum coupling parameter $H$ associated with\nthe Bohm potential and the positron to electron density ratio $\\delta$. The\nprofiles may, however, steepen initially and reach a steady state with a number\nof solitary waves in front of the shocks. Such novel DL shocks could be a good\ncandidate for particle acceleration in intense laser-solid density plasma\ninteraction experiments as well as in compact astrophysical objects, e.g.,\nmagnetized white dwarfs.\n" }, { "id": "f965c546-6116-49b5-9609-c92f9befe4fe", "adv_source_id": "f965c546-6116-49b5-9609-c92f9befe4fe", "source_id": "f965c546-6116-49b5-9609-c92f9befe4fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evolution of Nuclear Star Clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two-body relaxation times of nuclear star clusters are short enough that\ngravitational encounters should substantially affect their structure in 10 Gyr\nor less. In nuclear star clusters without massive black holes, dynamical\nevolution is a competition between core collapse, which causes densities to\nincrease, and heat input from the surrounding galaxy, which causes densities to\ndecrease. The maximum extent of a nucleus that can resist expansion is derived\nnumerically for a wide range of initial conditions; observed nuclei are shown\nto be compact enough to resist expansion, although there may have been an\nearlier generation of low-density nuclei that were dissolved. An evolutionary\nmodel for NGC 205 is presented which suggests that the nucleus of this galaxy\nhas already undergone core collapse. Adding a massive black hole to a nucleus\ninhibits core collapse, and nuclear star clusters with black holes always\nexpand, due primarily to heat input from the galaxy and secondarily to heating\nfrom stellar disruptions. The expansion rate is smaller for larger black holes\ndue to the smaller temperature difference between galaxy and nucleus when the\nblack hole is large. The rate of stellar tidal disruptions and its variation\nwith time are computed for a variety of initial models. The disruption rate\ngenerally decreases with time due to the evolving nuclear density, particularly\nin the faintest galaxies, assuming that scaling relations derived for luminous\ngalaxies can be extended to low luminosities.\n" }, { "id": "f4b29d23-de39-42e5-a179-3b29131176ef", "adv_source_id": "f4b29d23-de39-42e5-a179-3b29131176ef", "source_id": "f4b29d23-de39-42e5-a179-3b29131176ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "NMR Studies of pseudogap and electronic inhomogeneity in\n Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\\delta}$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report $^{17}$O NMR measurements in single crystals of overdoped\nBi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\\delta}$ with $T_c=82$ K. We measure the full\nanisotropy of the planar oxygen Knight shift, electric field gradient, and spin\nlattice relaxation rate tensors, and show that the entire temperature\ndependence is determined by the suppression of the density of states in the\npseudogap below $T^*\\sim 94$ K. The linewidth can be explained by a combination\nof magnetic and quadrupolar broadening as a result of an inhomogeneous\ndistribution of local hole concentrations that is consistent with scanning\ntunneling microscopy measurements. This distribution is temperature\nindependent, does not break $C_4$ symmetry, and exhibits no change below $T^*$\nor $T_c$.\n" }, { "id": "378f6955-a75a-43f9-822b-212b70b44648", "adv_source_id": "378f6955-a75a-43f9-822b-212b70b44648", "source_id": "378f6955-a75a-43f9-822b-212b70b44648", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improvements in calibration of GSO scintillators in the Suzaku Hard\n X-ray Detector", "prompt": null, "generation": " Improvements of in-orbit calibration of GSO scintillators in the Hard X-ray\nDetector on board Suzaku are reported. To resolve an apparent change of the\nenergy scale of GSO which appeared across the launch for unknown reasons,\nconsistent and thorough re-analyses of both pre-launch and in-orbit data have\nbeen performed. With laboratory experiments using spare hardware, the pulse\nheight offset, corresponding to zero energy input, was found to change by ~0.5\nof the full analog voltage scale, depending on the power supply. Furthermore,\nby carefully calculating all the light outputs of secondaries from activation\nlines used in the in-orbit gain determination, their energy deposits in GSO\nwere found to be effectively lower, by several percent, than their nominal\nenergies. Taking both these effects into account, the in-orbit data agrees with\nthe on-ground measurements within ~5%, without employing the artificial\ncorrection introduced in the previous work (Kokubun et al. 2007). With this\nknowledge, we updated the data processing, the response, and the auxiliary\nfiles of GSO, and reproduced the HXD-PIN and HXD-GSO spectra of the Crab Nebula\nover 12-300 keV by a broken powerlaw with a break energy of ~110 keV.\n" }, { "id": "daf05b7e-66f3-466a-b986-281fb812ea24", "adv_source_id": "daf05b7e-66f3-466a-b986-281fb812ea24", "source_id": "daf05b7e-66f3-466a-b986-281fb812ea24", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nanotechnology as a Field of Science: Its Delineation in terms of\n Journals and Patents", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Journal Citation Reports of the Science Citation Index 2004 were used to\ndelineate a core set of nanotechnology journals and a nanotechnology-relevant\nset. In comparison with 2003, the core set has grown and the relevant set has\ndecreased. This suggests a higher degree of codification in the field of\nnanotechnology: the field has become more focused in terms of citation\npractices. Using the citing patterns among journals at the aggregate level, a\ncore group of ten nanotechnology journals in the vector space can be delineated\non the criterion of betweenness centrality. National contributions to this core\ngroup of journals are evaluated for the years 2003, 2004, and 2005.\nAdditionally, the specific class of nanotechnology patents in the database of\nthe U.S. Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) is analyzed to determine if non-patent\nliterature references can be used as a source for the delineation of the\nknowledge base in terms of scientific journals. The references are primarily to\ngeneral science journals and letters, and therefore not specific enough for the\npurpose of delineating a journal set.\n" }, { "id": "c14cae62-3d4c-4d10-aa20-cf088968aa3e", "adv_source_id": "c14cae62-3d4c-4d10-aa20-cf088968aa3e", "source_id": "c14cae62-3d4c-4d10-aa20-cf088968aa3e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The phase and pole structure of the N*(1535) in piN-->piN and\n gammaN-->piN", "prompt": null, "generation": " The nature of some baryonic resonances is still an unresolved issue. The case\nof the N*(1535) is particularly interesting in this respect due to the nearby\netaN threshold and interference with the N*(1650). The N*(1535) has been\ndescribed as a threshold effect, as a genuine 3-quark resonance, or as\ndynamically generated from the interaction of the octet of baryons with the\noctet of mesons. In the scheme of dynamical generation, predictions for the\ninteraction of the N*(1535) with the photon can be made. In this study, we\nsimultaneously analyze the role of the N*(1535) in the piN-->piN and\ngammaN-->piN reactions and compare to the respective amplitudes from partial\nwave analyses. This test is very sensitive to the meson-baryon components of\nthe N*(1535).\n" }, { "id": "34ec62b2-aaa4-45d1-a6f2-b056fd2673e6", "adv_source_id": "34ec62b2-aaa4-45d1-a6f2-b056fd2673e6", "source_id": "34ec62b2-aaa4-45d1-a6f2-b056fd2673e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Performance of Exhaustive Search with Cooperating agents", "prompt": null, "generation": " Despite the occurrence of elegant algorithms for solving complex problem,\nexhaustive search has retained its significance since many real-life problems\nexhibit no regular structure and exhaustive search is the only possible\nsolution. The advent of high-performance computing either via multicore\nprocessors or distributed processors emphasizes the possibility for exhaustive\nsearch by multiple search agents. Here we analyse the performance of exhaustive\nsearch when it is conducted by multiple search agents. Several strategies for\ncooperation between the search agents are evaluated. We discover that the\nperformance of the search improves with the increase in the level of\ncooperation. Same search performance can be achieved with homogeneous and\nheterogeneous search agents provided that the length of subregions allocated to\nindividual search regions follow the differences in the speeds of heterogeneous\nsearch agents.\n" }, { "id": "ad30e01c-0825-4943-bbc3-d89cfa9c6959", "adv_source_id": "ad30e01c-0825-4943-bbc3-d89cfa9c6959", "source_id": "ad30e01c-0825-4943-bbc3-d89cfa9c6959", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anomalous Femtosecond Quasiparticle Dynamics of Hidden Order State in\n URu$_2$Si$_2$", "prompt": null, "generation": " At T$_0$ = 17.5 K an exotic phase emerges from a heavy fermion state in\n{\\ur}. The nature of this hidden order (HO) phase has so far evaded\nexplanation. Formation of an unknown quasiparticle (QP) structure is believed\nto be responsible for the massive removal of entropy at HO transition, however,\nexperiments and ab-initio calculations have been unable to reveal the essential\ncharacter of the QP. Here we use femtosecond pump-probe time- and\nangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) to elucidate the ultrafast\ndynamics of the QP. We show how the Fermi surface is renormalized by shifting\nstates away from the Fermi level at specific locations, characterized by vector\n$q_{<110>} = 0.56 \\pm 0.08$ {\\an}. Measurements of the temperature-time\nresponse reveal that upon entering the HO the QP lifetime in those locations\nincreases from 42 fs to few hundred fs. The formation of the long-lived QPs is\nidentified here as a principal actor of the HO.\n" }, { "id": "a6ee4aa1-1476-407f-b1f1-f9cf4f11c5d1", "adv_source_id": "a6ee4aa1-1476-407f-b1f1-f9cf4f11c5d1", "source_id": "a6ee4aa1-1476-407f-b1f1-f9cf4f11c5d1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical Solutions of the Isotropic 3-Wave Kinetic Equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that the isotropic 3-wave kinetic equation is equivalent to the mean\nfield rate equations for an aggregation-fragmentation problem with an unusual\nfragmentation mechanism. This analogy is used to write the theory of 3-wave\nturbulence almost entirely in terms of a single scaling parameter. A new\nnumerical method for solving the kinetic equation over a large range of\nfrequencies is developed by extending Lee's method for solving aggregation\nequations. The new algorithm is validated against some analytic calculations of\nthe Kolmogorov-Zakharov constant for some families of model interaction\ncoefficients. The algorithm is then applied to study some wave turbulence\nproblems in which the finiteness of the dissipation scale is an essential\nfeature. Firstly, it is shown that for finite capacity cascades, the\ndissipation of energy becomes independent of the cut-off frequency as this\ncut-off is taken to infinity. This is an explicit indication of the presence of\na dissipative anomaly. Secondly, a preliminary numerical study is presented of\nthe so-called bottleneck effect in a wave turbulence context. It is found that\nthe structure of the bottleneck depends non-trivially on the interaction\ncoefficient. Finally some results are presented on the complementary phenomenon\nof thermalisation in closed wave systems which demonstrates explicitly for the\nfirst time the existence of so-called mixed solutions of the kinetic equation\nwhich exhibit aspects of both Kolmogorov-Zakharov and equilibrium equipartition\nspectra.\n" }, { "id": "260498a2-319f-4955-8fd3-71be6f083f83", "adv_source_id": "260498a2-319f-4955-8fd3-71be6f083f83", "source_id": "260498a2-319f-4955-8fd3-71be6f083f83", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Field Experimental \"Star Type\" Metropolitan Quantum Key Distribution\n Network", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum key distribution (QKD) network has recently attracted growing\nattentions. Due to the special characteristics of quantum information, to build\na full-connectivity QKD network without trusted relays is a stimulating\nchallenge. In this letter, we report on the first realization of QKD network\nwithout trusted relays which covers metropolis in the commercial backbone\noptical fiber networks. The star topology four-user QKD network automatically\naddresses the quantum signal with a quantum router (QR) and every user in the\nnetwork can receive and distribute quantum keys to any others simultaneously.\nThe longest and the shortest length of fibers between two geographically\nseparated nodes are 42.6km and 32km respectively, and the maximum average\nquantum bit error rate (QBER) is below 8%. This result opens a new possibility\nfor the use of QKD into existing network.\n" }, { "id": "1a2029ce-4c34-45bb-9632-4160a7098f84", "adv_source_id": "1a2029ce-4c34-45bb-9632-4160a7098f84", "source_id": "1a2029ce-4c34-45bb-9632-4160a7098f84", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dissipation Scale Fluctuations and Chemical Reaction Rates in Turbulent\n Flows", "prompt": null, "generation": " Small separation between reactants, not exceeding $10^{-8}-10^{-7}cm$, is the\nnecessary condition for various chemical reactions. It is shown that random\nadvection and stretching by turbulence leads to formation of scalar-enriched\nsheets of {\\it strongly fluctuating thickness} $\\eta_{c}$. The molecular-level\nmixing is achieved by diffusion across these sheets (interfaces) separating the\nreactants. Since diffusion time scale is $\\tau_{d}\\propto \\eta_{c}^{2}$, the\nknowledge of probability density $Q(\\eta_{c},Re)$ is crucial for evaluation of\nchemical reaction rates. In this paper we derive the probability density\n$Q(\\eta_{c},Re,Sc)$ and predict a transition in the reaction rate behavior from\n${\\cal R}\\propto \\sqrt{Re}$ ($Re\\leq 10^{4}$) to the high-Re asymptotics ${\\cal\nR}\\propto Re^{0}$. The theory leads to an approximate universality of\ntransitional Reynolds number $Re_{tr}\\approx 10^{4}$. It is also shown that if\nchemical reaction involves short-lived reactants, very strong anomalous\nfluctuations of the length-scale $\\eta_{c}$ may lead to non-negligibly small\nreaction rates.\n" }, { "id": "cde05b83-4327-43b6-acd3-a9fe01c7908e", "adv_source_id": "cde05b83-4327-43b6-acd3-a9fe01c7908e", "source_id": "cde05b83-4327-43b6-acd3-a9fe01c7908e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Continuous kinematic wave models of merging traffic flow", "prompt": null, "generation": " Merging junctions are important network bottlenecks, and a better\nunderstanding of merging traffic dynamics has both theoretical and practical\nimplications. In this paper, we present continuous kinematic wave models of\nmerging traffic flow which are consistent with discrete Cell Transmission\nModels with various distribution schemes. In particular, we develop a\nsystematic approach to constructing kinematic wave solutions to the Riemann\nproblem of merging traffic flow in supply-demand space. In the new framework,\nRiemann solutions on a link consist of an interior state and a stationary\nstate, subject to admissible conditions such that there are no positive and\nnegative kinematic waves on the upstream and downstream links respectively. In\naddition, various distribution schemes in Cell Transmission Models are\nconsidered entropy conditions. In the proposed analytical framework, we prove\nthat the stationary states and boundary fluxes exist and are unique for the\nRiemann problem for both fair and constant distribution schemes. We also\ndiscuss two types of invariant merge models, in which local and discrete\nboundary fluxes are the same as global and continuous ones. With numerical\nexamples, we demonstrate the validity of the analytical solutions of interior\nstates, stationary states, and corresponding kinematic waves. Discussions and\nfuture studies are presented in the conclusion section.\n" }, { "id": "f9ebba0c-440f-4461-a035-39bb94ecde38", "adv_source_id": "f9ebba0c-440f-4461-a035-39bb94ecde38", "source_id": "f9ebba0c-440f-4461-a035-39bb94ecde38", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On a Muckenhoupt-type condition for Morrey spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " As is known, the class of weights for Morrey type spaces\n$\\mathcal{L}^{p,\\lb}(\\rn) $ for which the maximal and/or singular operators are\nbounded, is different from the known Muckenhoupt class $A_p$ of such weights\nfor the Lebesgue spaces $L^p(\\Om)$. For instance, in the case of power weights\n$|x-a|^\\nu, \\ a\\in \\mathbb{R}^1,$ the singular operator (Hilbert transform) is\nbounded in $L^p(\\mathbb{R})$, if and only if $-1<\\nu 1$ we also provide some $\\lb$-dependent\n\\textit{\\`a priori} assumptions on weights and give some estimates of weighted\nnorms $\\|\\chi_B\\|_{p,\\lb;w}$ of the characteristic functions of balls.\n" }, { "id": "de2226ff-f625-4afd-8051-24712d4ab1d7", "adv_source_id": "de2226ff-f625-4afd-8051-24712d4ab1d7", "source_id": "de2226ff-f625-4afd-8051-24712d4ab1d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scaling Limits for Random Quadrangulations of Positive Genus", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss scaling limits of large bipartite quadrangulations of positive\ngenus. For a given $g$, we consider, for every $n \\ge 1$, a random\nquadrangulation $\\q_n$ uniformly distributed over the set of all rooted\nbipartite quadrangulations of genus $g$ with $n$ faces. We view it as a metric\nspace by endowing its set of vertices with the graph distance. We show that, as\n$n$ tends to infinity, this metric space, with distances rescaled by the factor\n$n^{-1/4}$, converges in distribution, at least along some subsequence, toward\na limiting random metric space. This convergence holds in the sense of the\nGromov-Hausdorff topology on compact metric spaces. We show that, regardless of\nthe choice of the subsequence, the Hausdorff dimension of the limiting space is\nalmost surely equal to 4. Our main tool is a bijection introduced by Chapuy,\nMarcus, and Schaeffer between the quadrangulations we consider and objects they\ncall well-labeled $g$-trees. An important part of our study consists in\ndetermining the scaling limits of the latter.\n" }, { "id": "95004816-10b2-408a-b5d9-8a30d57b2337", "adv_source_id": "95004816-10b2-408a-b5d9-8a30d57b2337", "source_id": "95004816-10b2-408a-b5d9-8a30d57b2337", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Univariate real root isolation in an extension field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present algorithmic, complexity and implementation results for the problem\nof isolating the real roots of a univariate polynomial in $B_{\\alpha} \\in\nL[y]$, where $L=\\QQ(\\alpha)$ is a simple algebraic extension of the rational\nnumbers. We consider two approaches for tackling the problem. In the first\napproach using resultant computations we perform a reduction to a polynomial\nwith integer coefficients. We compute separation bounds for the roots, and\nusing them we deduce that we can isolate the real roots of $B_{\\alpha}$ in\n$\\sOB(N^{10})$, where $N$ is an upper bound on all the quantities (degree and\nbitsize) of the input polynomials. In the second approach we isolate the real\nroots working directly on the polynomial of the input. We compute improved\nseparation bounds for real roots and we prove that they are optimal, under mild\nassumptions. For isolating the roots we consider a modified Sturm's algorithm,\nand a modified version of \\func{descartes}' algorithm introduced by Sagraloff.\nFor the former we prove a complexity bound of $\\sOB(N^8)$ and for the latter a\nbound of $\\sOB(N^{7})$. We implemented the algorithms in \\func{C} as part of\nthe core library of \\mathematica and we illustrate their efficiency over\nvarious data sets. Finally, we present complexity results for the general case\nof the first approach, where the coefficients belong to multiple extensions.\n" }, { "id": "e4b9332a-67e8-45f5-bbff-ad833c936aeb", "adv_source_id": "e4b9332a-67e8-45f5-bbff-ad833c936aeb", "source_id": "e4b9332a-67e8-45f5-bbff-ad833c936aeb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Wigner representation for polarization-momentum hyperentanglement\n generated in parametric down conversion, and its application to complete\n Bell-state measurement", "prompt": null, "generation": " We apply the Wigner function formalism to the study of two-photon\npolarization-momentum hyperentanglement generated in parametric down\nconversion. It is shown that the consideration of a higher number of degrees of\nfreedom is directly related to the extraction of additional uncorrelated sets\nof zeropoint modes at the source. We present a general expression for the\ndescription of the quantum correlations corresponding to the sixteen Bell base\nstates, in terms of four beams whose amplitudes are correlated through the\nstochastic properties of the zeropoint field. A detailed analysis of the two\nexperiments on complete Bell-state measurement included in [Walborn et al.,\nPhys. Rev. A 68, 042313 (2003)] is made, emphasizing the role of the zeropoint\nfield. Finally, we investigate the relationship between the zeropoint inputs at\nthe source and the analysers, and the limits on optimal Bell-state measurement.\n" }, { "id": "3f4b4299-3a14-42b2-a3af-3df19f8e8830", "adv_source_id": "3f4b4299-3a14-42b2-a3af-3df19f8e8830", "source_id": "3f4b4299-3a14-42b2-a3af-3df19f8e8830", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Timing of the 2008 Outburst of SAX J1808.4-3658 with XMM-Newton: A\n Stable Orbital Period Derivative over Ten Years", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on a timing analysis performed on a 62-ks long XMM-Newton\nobservation of the accreting millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 during the\nlatest X-ray outburst that started on September 21, 2008. By connecting the\ntime of arrivals of the pulses observed during the XMM observation, we derived\nthe best-fit orbital solution and a best-fit value of the spin period for the\n2008 outburst. Comparing this new set of orbital parameters and, in particular,\nthe value of the time of ascending-node passage with the orbital parameters\nderived for the previous four X-ray outbursts of SAX J1808.4-3658 observed by\nthe PCA on board RXTE, we find an updated value of the orbital period\nderivative, which turns out to be $\\dot P_{\\rm orb} = (3.89 \\pm 0.15) \\times\n10^{-12}$ s/s. This new value of the orbital period derivative agrees with the\npreviously reported value, demonstrating that the orbital period derivative in\nthis source has remained stable over the past ten years. Although this timespan\nis not sufficient yet for confirming the secular evolution of the system, we\nagain propose an explanation of this behavior in terms of a highly\nnon-conservative mass transfer in this system, where the accreted mass (as\nderived from the X-ray luminosity during outbursts) accounts for a mere 1% of\nthe mass lost by the companion.\n" }, { "id": "2b7b0652-a1fc-4c45-97f7-2c31fab6a7ff", "adv_source_id": "2b7b0652-a1fc-4c45-97f7-2c31fab6a7ff", "source_id": "2b7b0652-a1fc-4c45-97f7-2c31fab6a7ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Metal-biased Planet Search", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have begun a metal-rich planet search project using the HARPS instrument\nin La Silla, Chile to target planets with a high potential to transit their\nhost star and add to the number of bright benchmark transiting planets. The\nsample currently consists of 100, bright (7.5 /= 0.1 dex). We determined the\nchromospheric activity and metallicity status of our sample using high\nresolution FEROS spectra. We also introduce the first result from our HARPS\nplanet search and show that the radial-velocity amplitude of this star is\nconsistent with an orbiting planetary-mass companion (i.e. Msini < 0.5MJ) with\na period of ~5 days. We are currently engaged in follow-up to confirm this\nsignal as a bonafide orbiting planet.\n" }, { "id": "4a6d068c-c42b-4662-bf7a-c06fa49af699", "adv_source_id": "4a6d068c-c42b-4662-bf7a-c06fa49af699", "source_id": "4a6d068c-c42b-4662-bf7a-c06fa49af699", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance in Fe$\\mid$ZnSe double junctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of\nFe$\\mid$ZnSe$\\mid$Fe$\\mid$ZnSe$\\mid$Fe (001) double magnetic tunnel junctions\nas a function of the in-between Fe layer's thickness, and compare these results\nwith those of Fe$\\mid$ZnSe$\\mid$Fe simple junctions. The electronic band\nstructures are modeled by a parametrized tight-binding Hamiltonian fitted to\n{\\it ab initio} calculations, and the conductance is calculated within the\nLandauer formalism expressed in terms of Green's functions. We find that the\nconductances for each spin channel and the TMR strongly depend on the\nin-between Fe layer's thickness, and that in some cases they are enhanced with\nrespect to simple junctions, in qualitative agreement with recent experimental\nstudies performed on similar systems. By using a 2D double junction as a\nsimplified system, we show that the conductance enhancement can be explained in\nterms of the junctions energy spectrum. These results are relevant for\nspintronics because they demonstrate that the TMR in double junctions can be\ntuned and enhanced by varying the in-between metallic layer's thickness.\n" }, { "id": "21964721-75e8-46e1-8b66-afacb84f14a1", "adv_source_id": "21964721-75e8-46e1-8b66-afacb84f14a1", "source_id": "21964721-75e8-46e1-8b66-afacb84f14a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structure and Overlaps of Communities in Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the main organizing principles in real-world social, information and\ntechnological networks is that of network communities, where sets of nodes\norganize into densely linked clusters. Even though detection of such\ncommunities is of great interest, understanding the structure communities in\nlarge networks remains relatively limited. Due to unavailability of labeled\nground-truth data it is practically impossible to evaluate and compare\ndifferent models and notions of communities on a large scale.\n In this paper we identify 6 large social, collaboration, and information\nnetworks where nodes explicitly state their community memberships. We define\nground-truth communities by using these explicit memberships. We then\nempirically study how such ground-truth communities emerge in networks and how\nthey overlap. We observe some surprising phenomena. First, ground-truth\ncommunities contain high-degree hub nodes that reside in community overlaps and\nlink to most of the members of the community. Second, the overlaps of\ncommunities are more densely connected than the non-overlapping parts of\ncommunities, in contrast to the conventional wisdom that community overlaps are\nmore sparsely connected than the communities themselves.\n Existing models of network communities do not capture dense community\noverlaps. We present the Community-Affiliation Graph Model (AGM), a conceptual\nmodel of network community structure, which reliably captures the overall\nstructure of networks as well as the overlapping nature of network communities.\n" }, { "id": "a71b80f8-1057-466a-aaac-b3722450ce0d", "adv_source_id": "a71b80f8-1057-466a-aaac-b3722450ce0d", "source_id": "a71b80f8-1057-466a-aaac-b3722450ce0d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Remarks on the blow-up of solutions to a toy model for the Navier-Stokes\n equations", "prompt": null, "generation": " S. Montgomery-Smith provided a one dimensional model for the three\ndimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, for which he proved the\nblow up of solutions associated to a class of large initial data, while the\nsame global existence results as for the Navier-Stokes equations hold for small\ndata. In this note the model is adapted to the case of two and three space\ndimensions, with the additional feature that the divergence free condition is\npreserved. It is checked that the family of initial data constructed previously\nby J.-Y Chemin and I. Gallagher which is arbitrarily large but yet generates a\nglobal solution to the Navier-Stokes equations in three space dimensions,\nactually causes blow up for the toy model -- meaning that the precise structure\nof the nonlinear term is crucial to understand the dynamics of large solutions\nto the Navier-Stokes equations.\n" }, { "id": "cec294ac-7cc5-42a9-89e0-dafba31719d5", "adv_source_id": "cec294ac-7cc5-42a9-89e0-dafba31719d5", "source_id": "cec294ac-7cc5-42a9-89e0-dafba31719d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Equivalence Principle Violation in Vainshtein Screened Two-Body Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " In massive gravity, galileon, and braneworld explanations of cosmic\nacceleration, force modifications are screened by nonlinear derivative\nself-interactions of the scalar field mediating that force. Interactions\nbetween the field of a central body (\"A\") and an orbiting body (\"B\") imply that\nbody B does not move as a test body in the field of body A if the orbit is\nsmaller than the Vainshtein radius of body B. We find through numerical\nsolutions of the joint field at the position of B that the A-field Laplacian is\nnearly perfectly screened by the B self-field, whereas first derivative or net\nforces are reduced in a manner that scales with the mass ratio of the bodies as\n(M_B/M_A)^{3/5}. The latter causes mass-dependent reductions in the universal\nperihelion precession rate, with deviations for the Earth-Moon system at the\n~4% level. In spite of universal coupling, which preserves the microscopic\nequivalence principle, the motion of macroscopic screened bodies depends on\ntheir mass providing in principle a means for testing the Vainshtein mechanism.\n" }, { "id": "f369c04b-cf82-40ad-b7f3-6e14b73e9e30", "adv_source_id": "f369c04b-cf82-40ad-b7f3-6e14b73e9e30", "source_id": "f369c04b-cf82-40ad-b7f3-6e14b73e9e30", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Duality and Recycling Computing in Quantum Computers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum computer possesses quantum parallelism and offers great computing\npower over classical computer \\cite{er1,er2}. As is well-know, a moving quantum\nobject passing through a double-slit exhibits particle wave duality. A quantum\ncomputer is static and lacks this duality property. The recently proposed\nduality computer has exploited this particle wave duality property, and it may\noffer additional computing power \\cite{r1}. Simply put it, a duality computer\nis a moving quantum computer passing through a double-slit. A duality computer\noffers the capability to perform separate operations on the sub-waves coming\nout of the different slits, in the so-called duality parallelism. Here we show\nthat an $n$-dubit duality computer can be modeled by an $(n+1)$-qubit quantum\ncomputer. In a duality mode, computing operations are not necessarily unitary.\nA $n$-qubit quantum computer can be used as an $n$-bit reversible classical\ncomputer and is energy efficient. Our result further enables a $(n+1)$-qubit\nquantum computer to run classical algorithms in a $O(2^n)$-bit classical\ncomputer. The duality mode provides a natural link between classical computing\nand quantum computing. Here we also propose a recycling computing mode in which\na quantum computer will continue to compute until the result is obtained. These\ntwo modes provide new tool for algorithm design. A search algorithm for the\nunsorted database search problem is designed.\n" }, { "id": "07fb21cd-dd78-4fa2-bc33-5bdb4c3488ad", "adv_source_id": "07fb21cd-dd78-4fa2-bc33-5bdb4c3488ad", "source_id": "07fb21cd-dd78-4fa2-bc33-5bdb4c3488ad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermal decomposition of norbornane (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) dissolved in\n benzene. Experimental study and mechanism investigation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The thermal decomposition of norbornane (dissolved in benzene) has been\nstudied in a jet stirred reactor at temperatures between 873 and 973 K, at\nresidence times ranging from 1 to 4 s and at atmospheric pressure, leading to\nconversions from 0.04 to 22.6%. 25 reaction products were identified and\nquantified by gas chromatography, amongst which the main ones are hydrogen,\nethylene and 1,3-cyclopentadiene. A mechanism investigation of the thermal\ndecomposition of the norbornane - benzene binary mixture has been performed.\nReactions involved in the mechanism have been reviewed: unimolecular\ninitiations 1 by C-C bond scission of norbornane, fate of the generated\ndiradicals, reactions of transfer and propagation of norbornyl radicals,\nreactions of benzene and cross-coupling reactions.\n" }, { "id": "f2185620-a1af-4297-8b25-c96263281a45", "adv_source_id": "f2185620-a1af-4297-8b25-c96263281a45", "source_id": "f2185620-a1af-4297-8b25-c96263281a45", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exact one-periodic and two-periodic wave solutions to Hirota bilinear\n equations in 2+1 dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Riemann theta functions are used to construct one-periodic and two-periodic\nwave solutions to a class of (2+1)-dimensional Hirota bilinear equations. The\nbasis for the involved solution analysis is the Hirota bilinear formulation,\nand the particular dependence of the equations on independent variables\nguarantees the existence of one-periodic and two-periodic wave solutions\ninvolving an arbitrary purely imaginary Riemann matrix. The resulting theory is\napplied to two nonlinear equations possessing Hirota bilinear forms:\n$u_t+u_{xxy}-3uu_y-3u_xv=0$ and $u_t+u_{xxxxy}-(5u_{xx}v+10u_{xy}u-15u^2v)_x=0$\nwhere $v_x=u_y$, thereby yielding their one-periodic and two-periodic wave\nsolutions describing one dimensional propagation of waves.\n" }, { "id": "e73d341a-5d17-4a6a-b7a1-5bedf7294a10", "adv_source_id": "e73d341a-5d17-4a6a-b7a1-5bedf7294a10", "source_id": "e73d341a-5d17-4a6a-b7a1-5bedf7294a10", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Directional interactions and cooperativity between mechanosensitive\n membrane proteins", "prompt": null, "generation": " While modern structural biology has provided us with a rich and diverse\npicture of membrane proteins, the biological function of membrane proteins is\noften influenced by the mechanical properties of the surrounding lipid bilayer.\nHere we explore the relation between the shape of membrane proteins and the\ncooperative function of membrane proteins induced by membrane-mediated elastic\ninteractions. For the experimental model system of mechanosensitive ion\nchannels we find that the sign and strength of elastic interactions depend on\nthe protein shape, yielding distinct cooperative gating curves for distinct\nprotein orientations. Our approach predicts how directional elastic\ninteractions affect the molecular structure, organization, and biological\nfunction of proteins in crowded membranes.\n" }, { "id": "d3b1498c-836b-4c69-9459-c0d689f05e4e", "adv_source_id": "d3b1498c-836b-4c69-9459-c0d689f05e4e", "source_id": "d3b1498c-836b-4c69-9459-c0d689f05e4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Capital requirements with defaultable securities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study capital requirements for bounded financial positions defined as the\nminimum amount of capital to invest in a chosen eligible asset targeting a\npre-specified acceptability test. We allow for general acceptance sets and\ngeneral eligible assets, including defaultable bonds. Since the payoff of these\nassets is not necessarily bounded away from zero the resulting risk measures\ncannot be transformed into cash-additive risk measures by a change of\nnumeraire. However, extending the range of eligible assets is important\nbecause, as exemplified by the recent financial crisis, assuming the existence\nof default-free bonds may be unrealistic. We focus on finiteness and continuity\nproperties of these general risk measures. As an application, we discuss\ncapital requirements based on Value-at-Risk and Tail-Value-at-Risk\nacceptability, the two most important acceptability criteria in practice.\nFinally, we prove that there is no optimal choice of the eligible asset. Our\nresults and our examples show that a theory of capital requirements allowing\nfor general eligible assets is richer than the standard theory of cash-additive\nrisk measures.\n" }, { "id": "614c7ce3-0175-476c-b660-18c1460fe365", "adv_source_id": "614c7ce3-0175-476c-b660-18c1460fe365", "source_id": "614c7ce3-0175-476c-b660-18c1460fe365", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modular lattices from finite projective planes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the geometry of the projective plane over the finite field F_q, we\nconstruct a Hermitian Lorentzian lattice L_q of dimension (q^2 + q + 2) defined\nover a certain number ring $\\cO$ that depends on q. We show that infinitely\nmany of these lattices are p-modular, that is, p L'_q = L_q, where p is some\nprime in $\\cO$ such that |p|^2 = q. The reflection group of the Lorentzian\nlattice obtained for q = 3 seems to be closely related to the monster simple\ngroup via the presentation of the bimonster as a quotient of the Coxeter group\non the incidence graph of P^2(F_3). The Lorentzian lattices L_q sometimes lead\nto construction of interesting positive definite lattices. In particular, if q\nis a rational prime that is 3 mod 4, and (q^2 + q + 1) is norm of some element\nin Q[\\sqrt{-q}], then we find a 2q(q+1) dimensional even unimodular positive\ndefinite integer lattice M_q such that Aut(M_q) contains PGL(3,F_q). We find\nthat M_3 is the Leech lattice.\n" }, { "id": "fc276ade-fab4-4b3b-8725-5c2d5c960c19", "adv_source_id": "fc276ade-fab4-4b3b-8725-5c2d5c960c19", "source_id": "fc276ade-fab4-4b3b-8725-5c2d5c960c19", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Elliptic flow of thermal photons in Au+Au collisions at\n $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV", "prompt": null, "generation": " The transverse momentum (pt) dependence, the centrality dependence and the\nrapidity dependence of the elliptic flow of thermal photons in Au+Au collisions\nat $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV are predicted, based on a three-dimensional ideal\nhydrodynamic description of the hot and dense matter. The elliptic flow\nparameter $v_{2}$, i.e. the second Fourier coefficient of azimuthal\ndistribution, of thermal photons, first increases with $\\pt$ and then decreases\nfor $\\pt>$ 2 GeV/$c$, due to the weak transverse flow at the early stage. The\n$\\pt$-integrated $v_{2}$ first increases with centrality, reaches a maximum at\nabout 50% centrality, and decreases. The rapidity dependence of the elliptic\nflow $v_{2}(y)$ of direct photons (mainly thermal photons) is very sensitive to\nthe initial energy density distribution along longitudinal direction, which\nprovides a useful tool to extract the realistic initial condition from\nmeasurements.\n" }, { "id": "e9961d93-9b92-4a26-9c16-b90d9508464b", "adv_source_id": "e9961d93-9b92-4a26-9c16-b90d9508464b", "source_id": "e9961d93-9b92-4a26-9c16-b90d9508464b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the convergence of double integrals and a generalized version of\n Fubini's theorem on successive integration", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let the function $f: \\bar{\\R}^2_+ \\to \\C$ be such that $f\\in L^1_{\\loc}\n(\\bar{\\R}^2_+)$. We investigate the convergence behavior of the double integral\n$$\\int^A_0 \\int^B_0 f(u,v) du dv \\quad {\\rm as} \\quad A,B \\to\n\\infty,\\leqno(*)$$ where $A$ and $B$ tend to infinity independently of one\nanother; while using two notions of convergence: that in Pringsheim's sense and\nthat in the regular sense. Our main result is the following Theorem 3: If the\ndouble integral (*) converges in the regular sense, or briefly: converges\nregularly, then the finite limits $$\\lim_{y\\to \\infty} \\int^A_0 \\Big(\\int^y_0\nf(u,v) dv\\Big) du =: I_1 (A)$$ and $$\\lim_{x\\to \\infty} \\int^B_0 \\Big(\\int^x_0\nf(u,v) du) dv = : I_2 (B)$$ exist uniformly in $0 m_{3/2}, where m_{3/2} is the\ngravitino mass in the SUSY-breaking vacuum state. We present a class of\nstring-inspired supergravity realizations of chaotic inflation where a simple,\ndynamical mechanism yields hierarchically small scales of post-inflationary\nsupersymmetry breaking. Within these toy models we can easily achieve small\nratios between m_{3/2} and the Hubble scale of inflation. This is possible\nbecause the expectation value of the superpotential relaxes from large to\nsmall values during the course of inflation. However, our toy models do not\nprovide a reasonable fit to cosmological data if one sets the SUSY-breaking\nscale to m_{3/2} < TeV. Our work is a small step towards relieving the apparent\ntension between high-scale inflation and low-scale supersymmetry breaking in\nstring compactifications.\n" }, { "id": "01542413-7411-4ec9-bbe4-540eec3b1fbc", "adv_source_id": "01542413-7411-4ec9-bbe4-540eec3b1fbc", "source_id": "01542413-7411-4ec9-bbe4-540eec3b1fbc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pattern Alternating Maximization Algorithm for Missing Data in Large P,\n Small N Problems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new and computationally efficient algorithm for maximizing the\nobserved log-likelihood for a multivariate normal data matrix with missing\nvalues. We show that our procedure based on iteratively regressing the missing\non the observed variables, generalizes the standard EM algorithm by alternating\nbetween different complete data spaces and performing the E-Step incrementally.\nIn this non-standard setup we prove numerical convergence to a stationary point\nof the observed log-likelihood.\n For high-dimensional data, where the number of variables may greatly exceed\nsample size, we add a Lasso penalty in the regression part of our algorithm and\nperform coordinate descent approximations. This leads to a computationally very\nattractive technique with sparse regression coefficients for missing data\nimputation. Simulations and results on four microarray datasets show that the\nnew method often outperforms other imputation techniques as k-nearest neighbors\nimputation, nuclear norm minimization or a penalized likelihood approach with\nan l1-penalty on the inverse covariance matrix.\n" }, { "id": "736096c1-7f4e-4e9c-b20e-fb4c6d8b4590", "adv_source_id": "736096c1-7f4e-4e9c-b20e-fb4c6d8b4590", "source_id": "736096c1-7f4e-4e9c-b20e-fb4c6d8b4590", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The historical light curve of the symbiotic star AG Draconis: intense,\n magnetically induced cyclic activity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze an optical light curve of the symbiotic system AG Draconis\ncovering the last 120 years of its history. During the first 32 years the\nsystem was in a quiescence state. Around the year 1922 the star's quiescence\nluminosity brightened by 0.29 mag. The last 82 years of the light curve (LC)\nare characterized by a series of outbursts of 1-2 magnitude in brightness and\nabout 100 days in duration. The outbursts are distributed along the time axis\nin 6 clusters with a quasi-periodic cycle of some 5300 days. The time intervals\namong the outbursts themselves are integral numbers of the period 373.5 days.\nDuring quiescence states the LC oscillates with the binary period of the system\nof 550 d. The LC contains also a weak periodic signal with a period of 350 d,\nattributed to pulsations of the giant star. Another period of 1160 d is also\npresent in the light curve, being the sidereal rotation period of the giant\nstar. We suggest that the outbursts are events of intense mass transfer from\nthe giant onto the hot component. These are modulated by an interplay between a\nsolar-like magnetic dynamo cycle operating in the outer layers of the giant,\nand a tidal deformation of these layers that circulates the surface of the\ngiant with the synodic diurnal period of 373.5 Earth days. AG Dra is the 5th\nsymbiotic system with a light curve that reflects such an intense magnetic and\nmagnetically modulated activity. (Abridged)\n" }, { "id": "6ab652e2-1ee9-42b6-bf2f-3a36f43051a5", "adv_source_id": "6ab652e2-1ee9-42b6-bf2f-3a36f43051a5", "source_id": "6ab652e2-1ee9-42b6-bf2f-3a36f43051a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evaluation of Biot-Savart integrals on tetrahedral meshes", "prompt": null, "generation": " An arithmetically simple method has been developed for the evaluation of\nBiot--Savart integrals on tetrahedralized distributions of vorticity. In place\nof the usual approach of analytical formulae for the velocity induced by a\nlinear distribution of vorticity on a tetrahedron, the integration is performed\nusing Gaussian quadrature and a ray tracing technique from computer graphics.\nThis eliminates completely the need for the evaluation of square roots,\nlogarithms and arc tangents, and almost completely eliminates the requirement\nfor trigonometric functions, with no operation more costly than a division\nrequired during the main calculation loop. An assessment of the algorithm's\nperformance is presented, demonstrating its accuracy, second order convergence\nand near-linear speedup on parallel systems.\n" }, { "id": "a18dfeeb-307b-42d2-ab9f-c72ba519c0a7", "adv_source_id": "a18dfeeb-307b-42d2-ab9f-c72ba519c0a7", "source_id": "a18dfeeb-307b-42d2-ab9f-c72ba519c0a7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Symmetry classes for even-order tensors", "prompt": null, "generation": " The purpose of this article is to give a complete and general answer to the\nrecurrent problem in continuum mechanics of the determination of the number and\nthe type of symmetry classes of an even-order tensor space. This kind of\ninvestigation was initiated for the space of elasticity tensors. Since then,\ndifferent authors solved this problem for other kinds of physics such as\nphotoelectricity, piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity, and strain-gradient\nelasticity. All the aforementioned problems were treated by the same\ncomputational method. Although being effective, this method suffers the\ndrawback not to provide general results. And, furthermore, its complexity\nincreases with the tensorial order. In the present contribution, we provide\ngeneral theorems that directly give the sought results for any even-order\nconstitutive tensor. As an illustration of this method, and for the first time,\nthe symmetry classes of all even-order tensors of Mindlin second\nstrain-gradient elasticity are provided.\n" }, { "id": "92aa6dba-1161-41e2-85d4-f581f69426d1", "adv_source_id": "92aa6dba-1161-41e2-85d4-f581f69426d1", "source_id": "92aa6dba-1161-41e2-85d4-f581f69426d1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exploring The Galaxy Mass-Metallicity Relation at 3 < z < 5", "prompt": null, "generation": " Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide a premier tool for studying\nhigh-redshift star-forming galaxies thanks to their extreme brightness and\nassociation with massive stars. Here we use GRBs to study the galaxy\nmass-metallicity (M*-Z) relation at z~3-5, where conventional direct\nmetallicity measurements are extremely challenging. We use the interstellar\nmedium metallicities of long-duration GRB hosts derived from afterglow\nabsorption pectroscopy (Z~0.01-1 solar), in conjunction with host galaxy\nstellar masses determined from deep Spitzer 3.6 micron observations of 20 GRB\nhosts. We detect about 1/4 of the hosts with I-band absolute magnitudes, M ~\n-21.5 to -22.5 AB mag, and place a limit of M>-19 mag on the remaining hosts\nfrom a stacking analysis. Using a conservative range of mass-to-light ratios\nfor simple stellar populations (with ages of 70 Myr to ~ 2 Gyr), we infer the\nhost stellar masses and present the galaxy mass-metallicity measurements at z ~\n3-5 ( ~ 3.5). We find that the detected GRB hosts, with M* ~ 2e10 solar\nmasses, display a wide range of metallicities, but that the mean metallicity at\nthis mass scale, Z~ 0.1 solar, is lower than measurements at z < 3. Combined\nwith stacking of the non-detected hosts (with M* < 4e9 solar masses and Z <\n0.03 solar), we find evidence for the existence of an M*-Z relation at z ~ 3.5\nand continued evolution of this relation to systematically lower metallicities\nfrom z ~ 2.\n" }, { "id": "bcf5eb5d-e29c-41a9-8188-7ebe1f2233e7", "adv_source_id": "bcf5eb5d-e29c-41a9-8188-7ebe1f2233e7", "source_id": "bcf5eb5d-e29c-41a9-8188-7ebe1f2233e7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The EUV Sun as the superposition of elementary Suns", "prompt": null, "generation": " Many studies assume that the solar irradiance in the EUV can be decomposed\ninto different contributions, which makes the modelling of the spectral\nvariability considerably easier. We consider a different approach, in which\nthese contributions are not imposed a priori but are effectively and robustly\ninferred from spectral irradiance measurements. This is a source separation\nproblem with a positivity constraint, for which we use a Bayesian solution.\nUsing five years of daily EUV spectra recorded by the TIMED/SEE satellite, we\nshow that the spectral irradiance can be decomposed into three elementary\nspectra. Our results suggest that they describe different layers of the solar\natmosphere rather than specific regions. The temporal variability of these\nspectra is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "b969e7b1-8c76-4b50-b904-c4dc8f60c40f", "adv_source_id": "b969e7b1-8c76-4b50-b904-c4dc8f60c40f", "source_id": "b969e7b1-8c76-4b50-b904-c4dc8f60c40f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A break in the gas and dust surface density of the disc around the T\n Tauri star IM Lup", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the distribution and physical properties of molecular gas in the\ndisc around the T Tauri star IM Lup on scales close to 200 AU. We investigate\nhow well the gas and dust distributions compare and work towards a unified disc\nmodel that can explain both gas and dust emission. 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J=2-1\nline emission, as well as the dust continuum at 1.3 mm, is observed at 1.8\"\nresolution towards IM Lup using the Submillimeter Array. A detailed disc model\nbased on the dust emission is tested against these observations with the aid of\na molecular excitation and radiative transfer code. Apparent discrepancies\nbetween the gas and dust distribution are investigated by adopting simple\nmodifications to the existing model. The disc is seen at an inclination of\n54+/-3 degrees and is in Keplerian rotation around a 0.8-1.6 Msun star. The\nouter disc radius traced by molecular gas emission is 900 AU, while the dust\ncontinuum emission and scattered light images limit the amount of dust present\nbeyond 400 AU and are consistent with the existing model that assumes a 400 AU\nradius. Our observations require a drastic density decrease close to 400 AU\nwith the vertical gas column density at 900 AU in the range of 5.d20 - 1.d22\ncm-2. We derive a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100 or higher in disc regions\nbeyond 400 AU. Within 400 AU from the star our observations are consistent with\na gas-to-dust ratio of 100 but other values are not ruled out.\n" }, { "id": "f92479b8-7d75-48ec-9f35-39bdd6ee2329", "adv_source_id": "f92479b8-7d75-48ec-9f35-39bdd6ee2329", "source_id": "f92479b8-7d75-48ec-9f35-39bdd6ee2329", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hypervelocity Stars III. The Space Density and Ejection History of Main\n Sequence Stars from the Galactic Center", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the discovery of 3 new unbound hypervelocity stars (HVSs), stars\ntraveling with such extreme velocities that dynamical ejection from a massive\nblack hole (MBH) is their only suggested origin. We also detect a population of\npossibly bound HVSs. The significant asymmetry we observe in the velocity\ndistribution -- we find 26 stars with v_rf > 275 km/s and 1 star with v_rf <\n-275 km/s -- shows that the HVSs must be short-lived, probably 3 - 4 Msun main\nsequence stars. Any population of hypervelocity post-main sequence stars should\ncontain stars falling back onto the Galaxy, contrary to the observations. The\nspatial distribution of HVSs also supports the main sequence interpretation:\nlonger-lived 3 Msun HVSs fill our survey volume; shorter-lived 4 Msun HVSs are\nmissing at faint magnitudes. We infer that there are 96 +- 10 HVSs of mass 3 -\n4 Msun within R < 100 kpc, possibly enough HVSs to constrain ejection\nmechanisms and potential models. Depending on the mass function of HVSs, we\npredict that SEGUE may find up to 5 - 15 new HVSs. The travel times of our HVSs\nfavor a continuous ejection process, although a ~120 Myr-old burst of HVSs is\nalso allowed.\n" }, { "id": "ba9fd42b-c917-433a-b7ca-8afc1a50d913", "adv_source_id": "ba9fd42b-c917-433a-b7ca-8afc1a50d913", "source_id": "ba9fd42b-c917-433a-b7ca-8afc1a50d913", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Remoteness of permutation codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we introduce a new parameter of a code, referred to as the\nremoteness, which can be viewed as a dual to the covering radius. Indeed, the\nremoteness is the minimum radius needed for a single ball to cover all\ncodewords. After giving some general results about the remoteness, we then\nfocus on the remoteness of permutation codes. We first derive upper and lower\nbounds on the minimum cardinality of a code with a given remoteness. We then\nstudy the remoteness of permutation groups. We show that the remoteness of\ntransitive groups can only take two values, and we determine the remoteness of\ntransitive groups of odd order. We finally show that the problem of determining\nthe remoteness of a given transitive group is equivalent to determining the\nstability number of a related graph.\n" }, { "id": "a3bc54a6-b852-4819-86aa-101fbd004754", "adv_source_id": "a3bc54a6-b852-4819-86aa-101fbd004754", "source_id": "a3bc54a6-b852-4819-86aa-101fbd004754", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Higgs Boson Mass Bounds in the Standard Model with Type III and Type I\n Seesaw", "prompt": null, "generation": " In type III seesaw utilized to explain the observed solar and atmospheric\nneutrino oscillations the Standard Model (SM) particle spectrum is extended by\nintroducing three SU(2)_L triplet fermion fields. This can have important\nimplications for the SM Higgs boson mass (M_H) bounds based on vacuum stability\nand perturbativity arguments. We compute the appropriate renormalization group\nequations for type III seesaw, and then proceed to identify regions of the\nparameter space such that the SM Higgs boson mass window is enlarged to 125 GeV\n< M_H < 174 GeV, with the type III seesaw scale close to TeV. We also display\nregions of the parameter space for which the vacuum stability and\nperturbativity bounds merge together for large neutrino Yukawa couplings.\nComparison with type I seesaw is also presented.\n" }, { "id": "c0cf92aa-ae4f-4324-a2dd-6110afa4c20b", "adv_source_id": "c0cf92aa-ae4f-4324-a2dd-6110afa4c20b", "source_id": "c0cf92aa-ae4f-4324-a2dd-6110afa4c20b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multistability of free spontaneously-curved anisotropic strips", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multistable structures are objects with more than one stable conformation,\nexemplified by the simple switch. Continuum versions are often elastic\ncomposite plates or shells, such as the common measuring tape or the slap\nbracelet, both of which exhibit two stable configurations: rolled and unrolled.\nHere we consider the energy landscape of a general class of multistable\nanisotropic strips with spontaneous Gaussian curvature. We show that while\nstrips with non-zero Gaussian curvature can be bistable, strips with positive\nspontaneous curvature are always bistable, independent of the elastic moduli,\nstrips of spontaneous negative curvature are bistable only in the presence of\nspontaneous twist and when certain conditions on the relative stiffness of the\nstrip in tension and shear are satisfied. Furthermore, anisotropic strips can\nbecome tristable when their bending rigidity is small. Our study complements\nand extends the theory of multistability in anisotropic shells and suggests new\ndesign criteria for these structures.\n" }, { "id": "1ac827ea-677a-4652-820e-a720e90b28fa", "adv_source_id": "1ac827ea-677a-4652-820e-a720e90b28fa", "source_id": "1ac827ea-677a-4652-820e-a720e90b28fa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "D meson nuclear modification factors in Pb-Pb collisions at\n $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV measured with the ALICE detector at the CERN-LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " The properties of the hot and dense QCD medium formed in ultra-relativistic\nheavy ion collisions, as well as the mechanism of in-medium partonic energy\nloss, can be accessed via the study of the D mesons nuclear modification\nfactor. The ALICE experiment has measured D meson production in pp and Pb-Pb\ncollisions at the LHC at $\\sqrt{s}$ =7 and 2.76 TeV and at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =\n2.76 TeV, respectively, via the exclusive reconstruction of hadronic decay\nchannels. D mesons are selected by exploiting the high-resolution tracking\nperformance and the hadron identification capabilities of the ALICE detectors.\nIn this contribution we report on the analyses of the D$^0\\rightarrow\n$K$^-\\pi^+$, the D$^+ \\rightarrow $K$^- \\pi^+ \\pi^+$ and the D$^{*+}\\rightarrow\n$D$^0 \\pi^+$ channels. The preliminary results on D mesons nuclear modification\nfactors are presented.\n" }, { "id": "055a5a83-c649-4f60-8dfc-05c42991bfc2", "adv_source_id": "055a5a83-c649-4f60-8dfc-05c42991bfc2", "source_id": "055a5a83-c649-4f60-8dfc-05c42991bfc2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Glassy behavior in the ferromagnetic and the non-magnetic insulating\n states of the rare earth manganates, Ln0.7Ba0.3MnO3 (Ln = Nd or Gd)", "prompt": null, "generation": " While La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 is a ferromagnetic metal (TC = 340 K) with longrange\nordering, Nd0.7Ba0.3MnO3 shows a transition around 150 K with a small increase\nin magnetization, but remains an insulator at all temperatures. Gd0.7Ba0.3MnO3\nis non-magnetic and insulating at all temperatures. Low field dc magnetization\nand ac susceptibility measurements reveal the presence of a transition at\naround 150 K in Nd0.7Ba0.3MnO3, and a complex behavior with different\nordering/freezing transitions at 62, 46 and 36 K in the case of Gd0.7Ba0.3MnO3,\nthe last one being more prominent. The nature of the field dependence of the\nmagnetization, combined with the slow magnetic relaxation, ageing and memory\neffects, suggests that Nd0.7Ba0.3MnO3 is a cluster glass below 150 K, a\nsituation similar to that found for La_{1-x}SrxCoO3. Gd0.7Ba0.3MnO3, however,\nshows non-equilibrium dynamics characteristic of spin glasses, below 36 K. The\ndifference in nature of the glassy behavior between Gd0.7Ba0.3MnO3 and\nNd0.7Ba0.3MnO3 probably arises because of the larger disorder arising from the\nmismatch between the sizes of the A-site cations in the former. Our results on\nNd0.7Ba0.3MnO3 and Gd0.7Ba0.3MnO3 suggest that the magnetic insulating states\noften reported for rare earth manganates of the type Ln1-xAxMnO3 (Ln = rare\nearth, A = alkaline earth) are likely to be associated with glassy magnetic\nbehavior.\n" }, { "id": "4f4299ff-3933-406c-b2b6-8f3313135c5e", "adv_source_id": "4f4299ff-3933-406c-b2b6-8f3313135c5e", "source_id": "4f4299ff-3933-406c-b2b6-8f3313135c5e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dirac structures of omni-Lie algebroids", "prompt": null, "generation": " Omni-Lie algebroids are generalizations of Alan Weinstein's omni-Lie\nalgebras. A Dirac structure in an omni-Lie algebroid $\\dev E\\oplus \\jet E$ is\nnecessarily a Lie algebroid together with a representation on $E$. We study the\ngeometry underlying these Dirac structures in the light of reduction theory. In\nparticular, we prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between\nreducible Dirac structures and projective Lie algebroids in $\\huaT=TM\\oplus E$;\nwe establish the relation between the normalizer $N_{L}$ of a reducible Dirac\nstructure $L$ and the derivation algebra $\\Der(\\pomnib (L))$ of the projective\nLie algebroid $\\pomnib (L)$; we study the cohomology group\n$\\mathrm{H}^\\bullet(L,\\rho_{L})$ and the relation between $N_{L}$ and\n$\\mathrm{H}^1(L,\\rho_{L})$; we describe Lie bialgebroids using the adjoint\nrepresentation; we study the deformation of a Dirac structure $L$, which is\nrelated with $\\mathrm{H}^2(L,\\rho_{L})$.\n" }, { "id": "71298a00-e7e3-4d39-8a7b-e99662b546db", "adv_source_id": "71298a00-e7e3-4d39-8a7b-e99662b546db", "source_id": "71298a00-e7e3-4d39-8a7b-e99662b546db", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermal Casimir effect for neutrino and electromagnetic fields in closed\n Friedmann cosmological model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate the total internal energy, total energy density and pressure,\nand the free energy for the neutrino and electromagnetic fields in Einstein and\nclosed Friedmann cosmological models. The Casimir contributions to all these\nquantities are separated. The asymptotic expressions for both the total\ninternal energy and free energy, and for the Casimir contributions to them are\nfound in the limiting cases of low and high temperatures. It is shown that the\nneutrino field does not possess a classical limit at high temperature. As for\nthe electromagnetic field, we demonstrate that the total internal energy has\nthe classical contribution and the Casimir internal energy goes to the\nclassical limit at high temperature. The respective Casimir free energy\ncontains both linear and logarithmic terms with respect to the temperature. The\ntotal and Casimir entropies for the neutrino and electromagnetic fields at low\ntemperature are also calculated and shown to be in agreement with the Nernst\nheat theorem.\n" }, { "id": "e95598c6-e08e-4acd-b122-babccbef3ed8", "adv_source_id": "e95598c6-e08e-4acd-b122-babccbef3ed8", "source_id": "e95598c6-e08e-4acd-b122-babccbef3ed8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Shear and Bulk Viscosities of a Weakly Coupled Quark Gluon Plasma with\n Finite Chemical Potential and Temperature---Leading-Log Results", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate the shear (eta) and bulk (zeta) viscosities of a weakly coupled\nquark gluon plasma at the leading-log order with finite temperature T and quark\nchemical potential mu. We find that the shear viscosity to entropy density\nratio eta/s increases monotonically with mu and eventually scales as (mu/T)^2\nat large mu. In contrary, zeta/s is insensitive to mu. Both eta/s and zeta/s\nare monotonically decreasing functions of the quark flavor number N_f when N_f\n\\geq 2. This property is also observed in pion gas systems. Our perturbative\ncalculation suggests that QCD becomes the most perfect (i.e. with the smallest\neta/s) at mu=0 and N_f = 16 (the maximum N_f with asymptotic freedom). It would\nbe interesting to test whether the currently smallest eta/s computed close to\nthe phase transition with mu=0 and N_f = 0 can be further reduced by increasing\nN_f.\n" }, { "id": "e0230c71-c023-434c-8591-3751227c9ba0", "adv_source_id": "e0230c71-c023-434c-8591-3751227c9ba0", "source_id": "e0230c71-c023-434c-8591-3751227c9ba0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Optical and Near-Infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth\n GJ1214b: Further Evidence for a Metal-Rich Atmosphere", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an investigation of the transmission spectrum of the 6.5 M_earth\nplanet GJ1214b based on new ground-based observations of transits of the planet\nin the optical and near-infrared, and on previously published data.\nObservations with the VLT+FORS and Magellan+MMIRS using the technique of\nmulti-object spectroscopy with wide slits yielded new measurements of the\nplanet's transmission spectrum from 0.61 to 0.85 micron, and in the J, H, and K\natmospheric windows. We also present a new measurement based on narrow-band\nphotometry centered at 2.09 micron with the VLT+HAWKI. We combined these data\nwith results from a re-analysis of previously published FORS data from 0.78 to\n1.00 micron using an improved data reduction algorithm, and previously reported\nvalues based on Spitzer data at 3.6 and 4.5 micron. All of the data are\nconsistent with a featureless transmission spectrum for the planet. Our K-band\ndata are inconsistent with the detection of spectral features at these\nwavelengths reported by Croll and collaborators at the level of 4.1 sigma. The\nplanet's atmosphere must either have at least 70% water by mass or optically\nthick high-altitude clouds or haze to be consistent with the data.\n" }, { "id": "85e5e81c-bc36-4cfb-b824-ec62b913b7b7", "adv_source_id": "85e5e81c-bc36-4cfb-b824-ec62b913b7b7", "source_id": "85e5e81c-bc36-4cfb-b824-ec62b913b7b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Large underground, liquid based detectors for astro-particle physics in\n Europe: scientific case and prospects", "prompt": null, "generation": " This document reports on a series of experimental and theoretical studies\nconducted to assess the astro-particle physics potential of three future\nlarge-scale particle detectors proposed in Europe as next generation\nunderground observatories. The proposed apparatus employ three different and,\nto some extent, complementary detection techniques: GLACIER (liquid Argon TPC),\nLENA (liquid scintillator) and MEMPHYS (\\WC), based on the use of large mass of\nliquids as active detection media. The results of these studies are presented\nalong with a critical discussion of the performance attainable by the three\nproposed approaches coupled to existing or planned underground laboratories, in\nrelation to open and outstanding physics issues such as the search for matter\ninstability, the detection of astrophysical- and geo-neutrinos and to the\npossible use of these detectors in future high-intensity neutrino beams.\n" }, { "id": "c4f5b188-893a-405b-af6c-8ae241b16c6c", "adv_source_id": "c4f5b188-893a-405b-af6c-8ae241b16c6c", "source_id": "c4f5b188-893a-405b-af6c-8ae241b16c6c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Near-primitive roots", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given an integer $t\\ge 1$, a rational number $g$ and a prime $p\\equiv 1({\\rm\nmod} t)$ we say that $g$ is a near-primitive root of index $t$ if $\\nu_p(g)=0$,\nand $g$ is of order $(p-1)/t$ modulo $p$. In the case $g$ is not minus a square\nwe compute the density, under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH), of such\nprimes explicitly in the form $\\rho(g)A$, with $\\rho(g)$ a rational number and\n$A$ the Artin constant. We follow in this the approach of Wagstaff, who had\ndealt earlier with the case where $g$ is not minus a square. The outcome is in\ncomplete agreement with the recent determination of the density using a very\ndifferent, much more algebraic, approach due to Hendrik Lenstra, the author and\nPeter Stevenhagen.\n" }, { "id": "bdc48477-a366-4292-90dc-1878a6c33150", "adv_source_id": "bdc48477-a366-4292-90dc-1878a6c33150", "source_id": "bdc48477-a366-4292-90dc-1878a6c33150", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Infinitely exchangeable random graphs generated from a Poisson point\n process on monotone sets and applications to cluster analysis for networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct an infinitely exchangeable process on the set $\\cate$ of subsets\nof the power set of the natural numbers $\\mathbb{N}$ via a Poisson point\nprocess with mean measure $\\Lambda$ on the power set of $\\mathbb{N}$. Each\n$E\\in\\cate$ has a least monotone cover in $\\catf$, the collection of monotone\nsubsets of $\\cate$, and every monotone subset maps to an undirected graph\n$G\\in\\catg$, the space of undirected graphs with vertex set $\\mathbb{N}$. We\nshow a natural mapping $\\cate\\rightarrow\\catf\\rightarrow\\catg$ which induces an\ninfinitely exchangeable measure on the projective system $\\catg^{\\rest}$ of\ngraphs $\\catg$ under permutation and restriction mappings given an infinitely\nexchangeable family of measures on the projective system $\\cate^{\\rest}$ of\nsubsets with permutation and restriction maps. We show potential connections of\nthis process to applications in cluster analysis, machine learning,\nclassification and Bayesian inference.\n" }, { "id": "c296ee02-f254-4cd0-be7e-069e5e890995", "adv_source_id": "c296ee02-f254-4cd0-be7e-069e5e890995", "source_id": "c296ee02-f254-4cd0-be7e-069e5e890995", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nondispersive solutions to the L2-critical half-wave equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the focusing $L^2$-critical half-wave equation in one space\ndimension $$ i \\partial_t u = D u - |u|^2 u, $$ where $D$ denotes the\nfirst-order fractional derivative. Standard arguments show that there is a\ncritical threshold $M_* > 0$ such that all $H^{1/2}$ solutions with $\\| u\n\\|_{L^2} < M_*$ extend globally in time, while solutions with $\\| u \\|_{L^2}\n\\geq M_*$ may develop singularities in finite time.\n In this paper, we first prove the existence of a family of traveling waves\nwith subcritical arbitrarily small mass. We then give a second example of\nnondispersive dynamics and show the existence of finite-time blowup solutions\nwith minimal mass $\\| u_0 \\|_{L^2} = M_*$. More precisely, we construct a\nfamily of minimal mass blowup solutions that are parametrized by the energy\n$E_0 >0$ and the linear momentum $P_0 \\in \\R$. In particular, our main result\n(and its proof) can be seen as a model scenario of minimal mass blowup for\n$L^2$-critical nonlinear PDE with nonlocal dispersion.\n" }, { "id": "a3b09a93-fe88-4230-ab2f-137049acc501", "adv_source_id": "a3b09a93-fe88-4230-ab2f-137049acc501", "source_id": "a3b09a93-fe88-4230-ab2f-137049acc501", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optical polarizabilities of large molecules measured in near-field\n interferometry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss a novel application of matter wave interferometry to characterize\nthe scalar optical polarizability of molecules at 532 nm. The interferometer\npresented here consists of two material absorptive gratings and one central\noptical phase grating. The interaction of the molecules with the standing light\nwave is determined by the optical dipole force and is therefore directly\ndependent on the molecular polarizability at the wavelength of the diffracting\nlaser light. By comparing the observed matter-wave interference contrast with a\ntheoretical model for several intensities of the standing light wave and\nmolecular velocities we can infer the polarizability in this first\nproof-of-principle experiment for the fullerenes C60 and C70 and we find a good\nagreement with literature values.\n" }, { "id": "633cd763-5bba-43e6-9fe4-c1b904acaa37", "adv_source_id": "633cd763-5bba-43e6-9fe4-c1b904acaa37", "source_id": "633cd763-5bba-43e6-9fe4-c1b904acaa37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Visualizing pair formation on the atomic scale in the high-Tc\n superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d", "prompt": null, "generation": " Pairing of electrons in conventional superconductors occurs at the\nsuperconducting transition temperature Tc, creating an energy gap D in the\nelectronic density of states (DOS). In the high-Tc superconductors, a partial\ngap in the DOS exists for a range of temperatures above Tc. A key question is\nwhether the gap in the DOS above Tc is associated with pairing, and what\ndetermines the temperature at which incoherent pairs form. Here we report the\nfirst spatially resolved measurements of gap formation in a high-Tc\nsuperconductor, measured on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d samples with different Tc values\n(hole concentration of 0.12 to 0.22) using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Over\na wide range of doping from 0.16 to 0.22 we find that pairing gaps nucleate in\nnanoscale regions above Tc. These regions proliferate as the temperature is\nlowered, resulting in a spatial distribution of gap sizes in the\nsuperconducting state. Despite the inhomogeneity, we find that every pairing\ngap develops locally at a temperature Tp, following the relation 2D/kBTp = 8.\nAt very low doping (<0.14), systematic changes in the DOS indicate the presence\nof another phenomenon, which is unrelated and perhaps competes with electron\npairing. Our observation of nanometre-sized pairing regions provides the\nmissing microscopic basis for understanding recent reports of fluctuating\nsuperconducting response above Tc in hole-doped high-Tc copper oxide\nsuperconductors.\n" }, { "id": "c07c1f88-b5bd-4efa-819d-2d69de86853c", "adv_source_id": "c07c1f88-b5bd-4efa-819d-2d69de86853c", "source_id": "c07c1f88-b5bd-4efa-819d-2d69de86853c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fundamental switching field distribution of a single domain particle\n derived from the N\\'eel-Brown model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an analytical derivation of the switching field distribution for a\nsingle domain particle from the N\\'eel-Brown model in the presence of a\nlinearly swept magnetic field and influenced by thermal fluctuations. We show\nthat the switching field distribution corresponds to a probability density\nfunction and can be obtained by solving a master equation for the not-switching\nprobability together with the transition rate for the magnetization according\nto the Arrhenius-N\\'eel Law. By calculating the first and second moments of the\nprobability density function we succeed in modeling rate-dependent coercivity\nand the standard deviation of the coercive field. Complementary to the\nanalytical approach, we also present a Monte Carlo simulation for the switching\nof a macrospin, which allows us to account for the field dependence of the\nattempt frequency. The results show excellent agreement with results from a\nLangevin dynamics simulation and therefore point out the importance to include\nthe relevant dependencies in the attempt frequency. However, we conclude that\nthe N\\'eel-Brown model fails to predict switching fields correctly for common\nfield rates and material parameters used in magnetic recording from the loss of\nnormalization of the probability density function. Investigating the transition\nregime between thermally assisted and dynamic switching will be of future\ninterest regarding the development of new magnetic recording technologies.\n" }, { "id": "777d7f45-aeb1-4341-8d78-a0b12ff1477a", "adv_source_id": "777d7f45-aeb1-4341-8d78-a0b12ff1477a", "source_id": "777d7f45-aeb1-4341-8d78-a0b12ff1477a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Trimming of Graphs, with Application to Point Labeling", "prompt": null, "generation": " For $t,g>0$, a vertex-weighted graph of total weight $W$ is $(t,g)$-trimmable\nif it contains a vertex-induced subgraph of total weight at least $(1-1/t)W$\nand with no simple path of more than $g$ edges. A family of graphs is trimmable\nif for each constant $t>0$, there is a constant $g=g(t)$ such that every\nvertex-weighted graph in the family is $(t,g)$-trimmable. We show that every\nfamily of graphs of bounded domino treewidth is trimmable. This implies that\nevery family of graphs of bounded degree is trimmable if the graphs in the\nfamily have bounded treewidth or are planar. Based on this result, we derive a\npolynomial-time approximation scheme for the problem of labeling weighted\npoints with nonoverlapping sliding labels of unit height and given lengths so\nas to maximize the total weight of the labeled points. This settles one of the\nlast major open questions in the theory of map labeling.\n" }, { "id": "328f3399-c6b3-41e5-bff7-dabb420e2456", "adv_source_id": "328f3399-c6b3-41e5-bff7-dabb420e2456", "source_id": "328f3399-c6b3-41e5-bff7-dabb420e2456", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Efficient Sketches for the Set Query Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop an algorithm for estimating the values of a vector x in R^n over a\nsupport S of size k from a randomized sparse binary linear sketch Ax of size\nO(k). Given Ax and S, we can recover x' with ||x' - x_S||_2 <= eps ||x -\nx_S||_2 with probability at least 1 - k^{-\\Omega(1)}. The recovery takes O(k)\ntime.\n While interesting in its own right, this primitive also has a number of\napplications. For example, we can:\n 1. Improve the linear k-sparse recovery of heavy hitters in Zipfian\ndistributions with O(k log n) space from a (1+eps) approximation to a (1 +\no(1)) approximation, giving the first such approximation in O(k log n) space\nwhen k <= O(n^{1-eps}).\n 2. Recover block-sparse vectors with O(k) space and a (1+eps) approximation.\nPrevious algorithms required either omega(k) space or omega(1) approximation.\n" }, { "id": "3c274ed4-e039-42eb-a90e-7efaa04410bd", "adv_source_id": "3c274ed4-e039-42eb-a90e-7efaa04410bd", "source_id": "3c274ed4-e039-42eb-a90e-7efaa04410bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lifshitz field theories with SDiff symmetries", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider Lifshitz field theories with a dynamical critical exponent z\nequal to the dimension of space d and with a large group of base space\nsymmetries, concretely space coordinate transformations with unit determinant\n(\"Special Diffeomorphisms\"). The field configurations of the theories\nconsidered may have the topology of skyrmions, vortices or monopoles, although\nwe focus our detailed investigations on skyrmions. The resulting Lifshitz field\ntheories have a BPS bound and exact soliton solutions saturating the bound, as\nwell as time-dependent topological Q-ball solutions. Finally, we investigate\nthe U(1) gauged versions of the Lifshitz field theories coupled to a\nChern-Simons gauge field, where the BPS bound and soliton solutions saturating\nthe bound continue to exist.\n" }, { "id": "306a062f-f59f-4192-b6d7-5cb31f2e9bf0", "adv_source_id": "306a062f-f59f-4192-b6d7-5cb31f2e9bf0", "source_id": "306a062f-f59f-4192-b6d7-5cb31f2e9bf0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Implementation of Multipath and Multiple Description Coding in OLSR", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we discussed the application and the implementation of\nmultipath routing and multiple description coding (MDC) extension of OLSR,\ncalled MP-OLSR. It is based on the link state algorithm and employs periodic\nexchange of messages to maintain topology information of the networks. In the\nmean time, it updates the routing table in an on-demand scheme and forwards the\npackets in multiple paths which have been determined at the source. If a link\nfailure is detected, the algorithm recovers the route automatically. Concerning\nthe instability of the wireless networks, the multiple description coding is\nused to improve reliability of the network transmission, and several methods\nare proposed to allocate the redundancy in different paths. The simulation in\nNS2 shows that the new protocol can effectively improve the performance of the\nnetworks. The implementation of MP-OLSR is also proposed in the end.\n" }, { "id": "9706479d-09ec-42db-ab11-835100a66b75", "adv_source_id": "9706479d-09ec-42db-ab11-835100a66b75", "source_id": "9706479d-09ec-42db-ab11-835100a66b75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Secured Distributed Cognitive MAC and Complexity Reduction in Channel\n Estimation for the Cross Layer based Cognitive Radio Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Secured opportunistic Medium Access Control (MAC) and complexity reduction in\nchannel estimation are proposed in the Cross layer design Cognitive Radio\nNetworks deploying the secured dynamic channel allocation from the endorsed\nchannel reservation. Channel Endorsement and Transmission policy is deployed to\noptimize the free channel selection as well as channel utilization to cognitive\nradio users. This strategy provide the secured and reliable link to secondary\nusers as well as the collision free link to primary users between the physical\nand MAC layers which yields the better network performance. On the other hand,\nComplexity Reduction in Minimum Mean Square Errror (CR-MMSE) and Maximum\nLikelihood (CR-ML) algorithm on Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE) is\ndeployed significantly to achieve computational complexity as Least Square (LS)\nmethod. Rigorously, CR-MMSE in sample spaced channel impulse response (SS-CIR)\nis implemented by allowing the computationally inspired matrix inversion.\nRegarding CR-ML, Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation (PSAM) with DDCE is\nimplemented such the pilot symbol sequence provides the significant performance\ngain in frequency correlation using the finite delay spread. It is found that\nCRMMSE demonstrates outstanding Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance over MMSE\nand LS, and CR-ML over MMSE and ML.\n" }, { "id": "606af4a4-c86b-4605-8cf4-667e1b616d25", "adv_source_id": "606af4a4-c86b-4605-8cf4-667e1b616d25", "source_id": "606af4a4-c86b-4605-8cf4-667e1b616d25", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A fibre optic sensor for the in situ determination of rock physical\n properties", "prompt": null, "generation": " To understand the behaviour of rocks under changing load or temperature\nconditions, the determination of physical parameters like pore pressure or\ntemperature within the pore space is essential. Within this study, the\nimplementation of a novel fibre optic point sensor for pressure and temperature\ndetermination into a high pressure / high temperature triaxial cell is\npresented. For the first time, pressure was measured directly within the pore\nspace of a Flechtinger sandstone specimen during a hydrostatic compression test\nat up to 70 MPa. The sensor used within this study consists of a miniature\nall-silica fibre optic Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer (EFPI) sensor which\nhas an embedded Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) reference sensor element to determine\ntemperature and pressure directly at the point of measurement.\n" }, { "id": "c9fef0d7-9d6a-4afd-baba-5650aebd813e", "adv_source_id": "c9fef0d7-9d6a-4afd-baba-5650aebd813e", "source_id": "c9fef0d7-9d6a-4afd-baba-5650aebd813e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Neutrino Oscillation Measurements with IceCube", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present preliminary results for a neutrino oscillation analysis in\nprogress on data collected with the IceCube 22-string detector during 2007 and\n2008. The goal of this analysis is to measure muon neutrino disappearance as a\nfunction of energy for a constant baseline length of the diameter of the Earth\nby studying vertically up-going muon neutrinos. At this baseline disappearance\neffects are expected to become sizable at neutrino energies below 100 GeV. This\nenergy range has not been previously explored with IceCube, however due to\nIceCube's vertical geometry there is some sensitivity for this specific class\nof events. Based on preliminary selection criteria, we show that IceCube has\nthe potential to detect these events and we estimate the sensitivity to\ndetermining oscillation parameters.\n" }, { "id": "8ca094ae-cc32-4e61-897c-93205ccfa724", "adv_source_id": "8ca094ae-cc32-4e61-897c-93205ccfa724", "source_id": "8ca094ae-cc32-4e61-897c-93205ccfa724", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Applications of a finite-dimensional duality principle to some\n prediction problems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Some of the most important results in prediction theory and time series\nanalysis when finitely many values are removed from or added to its infinite\npast have been obtained using difficult and diverse techniques ranging from\nduality in Hilbert spaces of analytic functions (Nakazi, 1984) to linear\nregression in statistics (Box and Tiao, 1975). We unify these results via a\nfinite-dimensional duality lemma and elementary ideas from the linear algebra.\nThe approach reveals the inherent finite-dimensional character of many\ndifficult prediction problems, the role of duality and biorthogonality for a\nfinite set of random variables. The lemma is particularly useful when the\nnumber of missing values is small, like one or two, as in the case of\nKolmogorov and Nakazi prediction problems. The stationarity of the underlying\nprocess is not a requirement. It opens up the possibility of extending such\nresults to nonstationary processes.\n" }, { "id": "bf20ac32-093f-44c7-9968-43489420d7da", "adv_source_id": "bf20ac32-093f-44c7-9968-43489420d7da", "source_id": "bf20ac32-093f-44c7-9968-43489420d7da", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High Velocity Features in the Orion Nebula", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have used widely spaced in time Hubble Space Telescope images to determine\ntangential velocities of features associated with outflows from young stars.\nThese observations were supplemented by groundbased telescope spectroscopy and\nfrom the resultant radial velocities, space velocities were determined for many\noutflows. Numerous new moving features were found and grouped into known and\nnewly assigned Herbig Haro objects.\n It was found that stellar outflow is highly discontinuous, as frequently is\nthe case, with long-term gaps of a few hundred years and that these outflow\nperiods are marked by staccato bursts over periods of about ten years. Although\nthis has been observed in other regions, the Orion Nebula Cluster presents the\nrichest display of this property.\n Most of the large scale Herbig Haro objects in the brightest part of the\nOrion Nebula appear to originate from a small region northeast of the strong\nOrion-S radio and infrared sources. With the possible exception of HH 203, we\nare not able to identify specific stellar sources, but do identify candidate\nsources for several other bright Herbig Haro objects.\n We find that there are optical features in the BN-KL region that can be\nrelated to the known large scale outflow that originates there. We find\nadditional evidence for this outflow originating 500 to 1000 years ago.\n" }, { "id": "656a9079-7ce9-430a-9d9a-1251d2a36525", "adv_source_id": "656a9079-7ce9-430a-9d9a-1251d2a36525", "source_id": "656a9079-7ce9-430a-9d9a-1251d2a36525", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of charmonium production in PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) =\n 2.76 TeV with CMS", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is fully equipped to measure hard probes in\nthe di-muon decay channel in the high multiplicity environment of\nnucleus-nucleus collisions. Such probes are especially relevant for studying\nthe quark-gluon plasma since they are produced at early times and propagate\nthrough the medium, mapping its evolution. CMS has measured the nuclear\nmodification factors of non-prompt J/psi (from b-hadron decays) and prompt\nJ/psi in PbPb collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV. For prompt J/psi with\nrelatively high p_T (p_T=6.5-30 GeV/c), a strong, centrality-dependent\nsuppression is observed in PbPb collisions, compared to the yield in pp\ncollisions scaled by the number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions. In the\nsame kinematic range, a suppression of non-prompt J/psi, which is sensitive to\nthe in-medium b-quark energy loss, is measured for the first time. Results from\nthe 2010 data taking period are reported and an outlook on the 2011 data\nanalysis will be given. In particular from 2011 data the Psi(2S) measurement is\navailable and their double ratio respect to the J/psi in pp and PbPb will be\nshown.\n" }, { "id": "07335471-5c49-461b-b971-34608e29e1be", "adv_source_id": "07335471-5c49-461b-b971-34608e29e1be", "source_id": "07335471-5c49-461b-b971-34608e29e1be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Voids as a Precision Probe of Dark Energy", "prompt": null, "generation": " A signature of the dark energy equation of state may be observed in the shape\nof voids. We estimate the constraints on cosmological parameters that would be\ndetermined from the ellipticity distribution of voids from future spectroscopic\nsurveys already planned for the study of large scale structure.\n The constraints stem from the sensitivity of the distribution of ellipticity\nto the cosmological parameters through the variance of fluctuations of the\ndensity field smoothed at some length scale. This length scale can be chosen to\nbe of the order of the comoving radii of voids at very early times when the\nfluctuations are Gaussian distributed. We use Fisher estimates to show that the\nconstraints from void ellipticities are promising. Combining these constraints\nwith other traditional methods results in the improvement of the Dark Energy\nTask Force Figure of Merit on the dark energy parameters by an order of hundred\nfor future experiments. The estimates of these future constraints depend on a\nnumber of systematic issues which require further study using simulations. We\noutline these issues and study the impact of certain observational and\ntheoretical systematics on the forecasted constraints on dark energy\nparameters.\n" }, { "id": "79e1b66a-47dd-466c-ba7a-786756964bea", "adv_source_id": "79e1b66a-47dd-466c-ba7a-786756964bea", "source_id": "79e1b66a-47dd-466c-ba7a-786756964bea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum state tomography via compressed sensing", "prompt": null, "generation": " We establish methods for quantum state tomography based on compressed\nsensing. These methods are specialized for quantum states that are fairly pure,\nand they offer a significant performance improvement on large quantum systems.\nIn particular, they are able to reconstruct an unknown density matrix of\ndimension d and rank r using O(rd log^2 d) measurement settings, compared to\nstandard methods that require d^2 settings. Our methods have several features\nthat make them amenable to experimental implementation: they require only\nsimple Pauli measurements, use fast convex optimization, are stable against\nnoise, and can be applied to states that are only approximately low-rank. The\nacquired data can be used to certify that the state is indeed close to pure, so\nno a priori assumptions are needed. We present both theoretical bounds and\nnumerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "061ef552-12b0-419b-beb9-514e10ae4bfd", "adv_source_id": "061ef552-12b0-419b-beb9-514e10ae4bfd", "source_id": "061ef552-12b0-419b-beb9-514e10ae4bfd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fields from a relativistic magnetic explosion", "prompt": null, "generation": " Following Prendergast we study the relativistically expanding electromagnetic\nfields generated by an axisymmetric explosion of magnetic energy in a small\nvolume. The magnetic field expands uniformly either within a cone or in all\ndirections and it is therefore accompanied by an electric field. In the highly\nconducting plasma the charges move to annul the electric field in the frame of\nthe moving plasma. The solutions presented are analytical and semi-analytical.\nWe find that the time-scale for the winding up of the initial magnetic field is\ncrucial, as short time-scales lead to strong radiant fields. Assuming a\nmagnetic field of $10^{13}Gauss$ emerging from a magnetosphere of $10^{9}cm$ we\nend with a jet when confined by a pressure environment that falls more slowly\nthan $r^{-4}$. The jet carries energy of $10^{51}erg$, which is mostly due to\ndifferential rotation at the base.\n" }, { "id": "af5c4d46-3649-47e9-bbc5-8f4acf57bd63", "adv_source_id": "af5c4d46-3649-47e9-bbc5-8f4acf57bd63", "source_id": "af5c4d46-3649-47e9-bbc5-8f4acf57bd63", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The galactic unclassified B[e] star HD 50138 III. The short-term line\n profile variability of its photospheric lines", "prompt": null, "generation": " HD 50138 presents the B[e] phenomenon, but its nature is not clear yet. This\nstar is known to present spectral variations, which have been associated with\noutbursts and shell phases. We analyze the line profile variability of HD 50138\nand its possible origin, which provide possible hints to its evolutionary\nstage, so far said to be close to the end of (or slightly beyond) the main\nsequence. New high-resolution spectra of HD 50138 obtained with the HERMES\nspectrograph over several nights (five of them consecutively) were analyzed,\nallowing us to confirm short-term line profile variability. Our new data show\nshort-term variations in the photospheric lines. On the other hand, purely\ncircumstellar lines (such as [O I] lines) do not show such rapid variability.\nThe rotational velocity of HD 50138, V_rot = 90.3 +- 4.3 km/s, and the rotation\nperiod, P = 3.64 +- 1.16 d, were derived from the He II 4026A photospheric\nline. Based on the moment method, we confirm that the origin of this short-term\nline profile variability is not stellar spots, and it may be caused by\npulsations. In addition, we show that macroturbulence may affect the profiles\nof photospheric lines, as is seen for B supergiants. The location of HD 50138\nat the end of (or slightly beyond) the main sequence, the newly detected\npresence of line profile variability resembling pulsating stars, and\nmacroturbulence make this star a fascinating object.\n" }, { "id": "df039bc7-00fa-49cc-a599-49400d593f26", "adv_source_id": "df039bc7-00fa-49cc-a599-49400d593f26", "source_id": "df039bc7-00fa-49cc-a599-49400d593f26", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Web Services Supply Chains: A Literature Review", "prompt": null, "generation": " The aim of this review paper is to bring into light a potential area i.e.,\nweb services supply chains for research by analyzing the existing state of art\nin this. It is observed from the review process that there seems to be much\nless work done in the area of web service supply chains as compared to\ne-commerce and product oriented service supply chains. The service quality\nassurance models, end to end Quality of Service (QoS) models, attempts made to\nQoS attributes are also found to be from individual perspectives of\nparticipating entities in a service process rather than a collective\nperspective considering individual QoS attributes rather than multiple QoS\nattributes. In light of these gaps we highlight the comparison between product\noriented and pure online/ web service supply chains, a need for quality driven\noptimization in the web services supply chains, perceived complexities in the\nexisting work and propose a conceptual model.\n" }, { "id": "1d924e98-fc66-4da3-8783-8b73ec19149d", "adv_source_id": "1d924e98-fc66-4da3-8783-8b73ec19149d", "source_id": "1d924e98-fc66-4da3-8783-8b73ec19149d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic and Thermal Phase Shifts in the Local Helioseismology of\n Sunspots", "prompt": null, "generation": " Phase perturbations due to inclined surface magnetic field of active region\nstrength are calculated numerically in quiet Sun and simple sunspot models in\norder to estimate and compare the direct and indirect (thermal) effects of the\nfields on helioseismic waves. It is found that the largest direct effects occur\nin highly inclined field characteristic of penumbrae, and scale roughly\nlinearly with magnetic field strength. The combined effects of sunspot magnetic\nand thermal anomalies typically yield negative travel-time perturbations in\npenumbrae. Travel-time shifts in umbrae depend on details of how the thermal\nand density structure differs from the quiet Sun. The combined shifts are\ngenerally not well approximated by the sum of the thermal and magnetic effects\napplied separately, except at low field strengths of around 1 kG or less, or if\nthe thermal shift is small. A useful rule-of-thumb appears to be that\ntravel-time perturbations in umbrae are predominantly thermal, whereas in\npenumbrae they are mostly magnetic.\n" }, { "id": "dac460e5-c041-450c-8886-7f9b939b3ac0", "adv_source_id": "dac460e5-c041-450c-8886-7f9b939b3ac0", "source_id": "dac460e5-c041-450c-8886-7f9b939b3ac0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Emergence of superconductivity from the dynamically heterogeneous\n insulating state in La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}", "prompt": null, "generation": " A central issue for copper oxides is the nature of the insulating ground\nstate at low carrier densities and the emergence of high-temperature\nsuperconductivity from that state with doping. Even though this\nsuperconductor-insulator transition (SIT) is a zero-temperature transition,\nmeasurements are not usually carried out at low temperatures. Here we use\nmagnetoresistance to probe both the insulating state at very low temperatures\nand the presence of superconducting fluctuations in La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}(LSCO)\nfilms, for doping levels that range from the insulator to the superconductor\n(x=0.03-0.08). We observe that the charge glass behavior, characteristic of the\ninsulating state, is suppressed with doping, but it coexists with\nsuperconducting fluctuations that emerge already on the insulating side of the\nSIT. The unexpected quenching of the superconducting fluctuations by the\ncompeting charge order at low temperatures provides a new perspective on the\nmechanism for the SIT.\n" }, { "id": "228b52dc-860b-472d-9f4a-13cabbf202c4", "adv_source_id": "228b52dc-860b-472d-9f4a-13cabbf202c4", "source_id": "228b52dc-860b-472d-9f4a-13cabbf202c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "AGN Physics with the Cherenkov Telescope Array", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), currently in its Preparatory Phase, will\nbe the first open observatory for very high energy gamma-rays from galactic and\nextragalactic sources. The international consortium behind CTA is preparing the\nconstruction of two large arrays of Cherenkov telescopes in the Northern and\nSouthern Hemispheres with a performance that will be significantly improved\ncompared to the current generation of arrays.\n Its increased sensitivity and energy range will give CTA access to a large\npopulation of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) not yet detected at very high\nenergies and provide much more details on known TeV sources. While the low end\nof the CTA energy coverage will close the current gap with the Fermi-LAT band,\nits high energy coverage will open a new window on the sky and help us\nunderstand the intrinsic shape of the hardest blazar spectra.\n We outline the current status of CTA and discuss the science case for AGN\nphysics with the observatory. Predictions for source detections based on\nextrapolations of Fermi-LAT spectra are discussed. An overview is given of\nprospects for the detection of extended emission from radio galaxies, of rapid\nvariability, and spectral features. The observation of AGN with CTA will also\nimprove current constraints on the distribution of the extragalactic background\nlight, the strength of the intergalactic magnetic field and Lorentz invariance\nviolation.\n" }, { "id": "4ab2d188-a4a6-4c88-9f7a-c89686157d37", "adv_source_id": "4ab2d188-a4a6-4c88-9f7a-c89686157d37", "source_id": "4ab2d188-a4a6-4c88-9f7a-c89686157d37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Type II Small Stringy Black Holes, Probe Branes and Higher Derivative\n Interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The near horizon geometry of a fundamental string wrapped around an S1\nreduced to four dimensions is expected to be AdS2 x S2. A probe string analysis\nsuggests a no-force condition indicating supersymmetry, which coincides with\nthe condition that the AdS2 is embedded in AdS3. We therefore consider the bulk\nstring theory in terms of a WZW model on AdS3 following recent proposals by\nDabholkar et. al and Giveon et. al. We find that conformal symmetry of the\nmodel naturally leads to the no-force constraints obtained from the probes.\nMoreover, we are able to extract the values of the moduli that account for the\nvalue of the microscopic entropy. We also investigate higher derivative\ncorrections of the form alpha'^3 R^4 + flux terms to the horizon, in the\ncontext of type IIB supergravity. Imposing the no-force condition from the\nprobe analysis leads to a striking simplification of the equations of motion at\nthis order in alpha'. However, we argue that the value of the entropy can only\nbe determined by considering all orders in alpha'.\n" }, { "id": "b89305a8-8efe-49d2-8245-bf658a87dca3", "adv_source_id": "b89305a8-8efe-49d2-8245-bf658a87dca3", "source_id": "b89305a8-8efe-49d2-8245-bf658a87dca3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Percolation through Voids around Overlapping Spheres, a Dynamically\n based Finite Size Scaling Analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " The percolation threshold for flow or conduction through voids surrounding\nrandomly placed spheres is rigorously calculated. With large scale Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we give a rigorous continuum treatment to the geometry of the\nimpenetrable spheres and the spaces between them. To properly exploit finite\nsize scaling, we examine multiple systems of differing sizes, with suitable\naveraging over disorder, and extrapolate to the thermodynamic limit. An order\nparameter based on the statistical sampling of stochastically driven dynamical\nexcursions and amenable to finite size scaling analysis is defined, calculated\nfor various system sizes, and used to determine the critical volume fraction\nphi_{c} = 0.0317 +/- 0.0004 and the correlation length exponent nu = 0.92 +/-\n0.05.\n" }, { "id": "afa6da33-56dd-4407-afec-e5a255ecf1d8", "adv_source_id": "afa6da33-56dd-4407-afec-e5a255ecf1d8", "source_id": "afa6da33-56dd-4407-afec-e5a255ecf1d8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electromagnetic waves destabilized by runaway electrons in near-critical\n electric fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " Runaway electron distributions are strongly anisotropic in velocity space.\nThis anisotropy is a source of free energy that may destabilize electromagnetic\nwaves through a resonant interaction between the waves and the energetic\nelectrons. In this work we investigate the high-frequency electromagnetic waves\nthat are destabilized by runaway electron beams when the electric field is\nclose to the critical field for runaway acceleration. Using a runaway electron\ndistribution appropriate for the near-critical case we calculate the linear\ninstability growth rate of these waves and conclude that the obliquely\npropagating whistler waves are most unstable. We show that the frequencies,\nwave numbers and propagation angles of the most unstable waves depend strongly\non the magnetic field. Taking into account collisional and convective damping\nof the waves, we determine the number density of runaways that is required to\ndestabilize the waves and show its parametric dependences.\n" }, { "id": "fa4a4dd9-03ca-4153-b0c6-0519be0fb6b1", "adv_source_id": "fa4a4dd9-03ca-4153-b0c6-0519be0fb6b1", "source_id": "fa4a4dd9-03ca-4153-b0c6-0519be0fb6b1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Feasibility Test for Linear Interference Alignment in MIMO Channels\n with Constant Coefficients", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we consider the feasibility of linear interference alignment\n(IA) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with constant\ncoefficients for any number of users, antennas and streams per user; and\npropose a polynomial-time test for this problem. Combining algebraic geometry\ntechniques with differential topology ones, we first prove a result that\ngeneralizes those previously published on this topic. Specifically, we consider\nthe input set (complex projective space of MIMO interference channels), the\noutput set (precoder and decoder Grassmannians) and the solution set (channels,\ndecoders and precoders satisfying the IA polynomial equations), not only as\nalgebraic sets but also as smooth compact manifolds. Using this mathematical\nframework, we prove that the linear alignment problem is feasible when the\nalgebraic dimension of the solution variety is larger than or equal to the\ndimension of the input space and the linear mapping between the tangent spaces\nof both smooth manifolds given by the first projection is generically\nsurjective. If that mapping is not surjective, then the solution variety\nprojects into the input space in a singular way and the projection is a\nzero-measure set. This result naturally yields a simple feasibility test, which\namounts to checking the rank of a matrix. We also provide an exact arithmetic\nversion of the test, which proves that testing the feasibility of IA for\ngeneric MIMO channels belongs to the bounded-error probabilistic polynomial\n(BPP) complexity class.\n" }, { "id": "4580a62e-0db9-424e-995c-ccb66bf1f033", "adv_source_id": "4580a62e-0db9-424e-995c-ccb66bf1f033", "source_id": "4580a62e-0db9-424e-995c-ccb66bf1f033", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multivariate convex regression with adaptive partitioning", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new, nonparametric method for multivariate regression subject to\nconvexity or concavity constraints on the response function. Convexity\nconstraints are common in economics, statistics, operations research, financial\nengineering and optimization, but there is currently no multivariate method\nthat is computationally feasible for more than a few hundred observations. We\nintroduce Convex Adaptive Partitioning (CAP), which creates a globally convex\nregression model from locally linear estimates fit on adaptively selected\ncovariate partitions. CAP is computationally efficient, in stark contrast to\ncurrent methods. The most popular method, the least squares estimator, has a\ncomputational complexity of $\\mathcal{O}(n^3)$. We show that CAP has a\ncomputational complexity of $\\mathcal{O}(n \\log(n)\\log(\\log(n)))$ and also give\nconsistency results. CAP is applied to value function approximation for pricing\nAmerican basket options with a large number of underlying assets.\n" }, { "id": "7ba1e4a3-c97c-41fd-91c4-3d786da50360", "adv_source_id": "7ba1e4a3-c97c-41fd-91c4-3d786da50360", "source_id": "7ba1e4a3-c97c-41fd-91c4-3d786da50360", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Classification of Periodic, Chaotic and Random Sequences using NSRPS\n Complexity Measure", "prompt": null, "generation": " Data compression algorithms are generally perceived as being of interest for\ndata communication and storage purposes only. However, their use in the field\nof data classification and analysis is also of equal importance. Automatic data\nclassification and analysis finds use in varied fields like bioinformatics,\nlanguage and sequence recognition and authorship attribution. Different\ncomplexity measures proposed in literature like Shannon entropy, Relative\nentropy, Kolmogrov and Algorithmic complexity have drawbacks that make these\nmethods ineffective in analyzing short sequences that are typical in population\ndynamics and other fields.\n In this paper, we study Non-Sequential Recursive Pair Substitution (NSRPS), a\nlossless compression algorithm first proposed by Ebeling {\\it et al.} [Math.\nBiosc. 52, 1980] and Jim\\'{e}nez-Monta\\~{n}o {\\it et al.}\n[arXiv:cond-mat/0204134, 2002]). Using this algorithm, a new complexity measure\nwas recently proposed (Nagaraj {\\it et al.} [arXiv:nlin.CD/1101.4341v1, 2011]).\nIn this work, we use NSRPS complexity measure for analyzing and classifying\nsymbolic sequences generated by 1D chaotic dynamical systems. Even with\nlearning data-sets of length as small as 25 and test data-sets of length as\nsmall as 10, NSRPS measure is able to accurately classify the test sequence as\nperiodic, chaotic or random. For such short data lengths, methods which use\nentropy measure and traditional lossless compression algorithm like LZ77\n[A.Lempel and J.Ziv, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory {\\bf 22}, 75 (1976)] (used for\ninstance by {\\it Gzip}, {\\it Winzip} etc.) fails.\n" }, { "id": "347d7628-7542-4a69-9555-75faa60f3726", "adv_source_id": "347d7628-7542-4a69-9555-75faa60f3726", "source_id": "347d7628-7542-4a69-9555-75faa60f3726", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Supernova Remnants and Star Formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has often been suggested that supernova remnants (SNRs) can trigger star\nformation. To investigate the relationship between SNRs and star formation, we\nhave examined the known sample of 45 SNRs in the Large Magellanic Cloud to\nsearch for associated young stellar objects (YSOs) and molecular clouds. We\nfind seven SNRs associated with both YSOs and molecular clouds, three SNRs\nassociated with YSOs but not molecular clouds, and eight SNRs near molecular\nclouds but not associated with YSOs. Among the 10 SNRs associated with YSOs,\nthe association between the YSOs and SNRs can be either rejected or cannot be\nconvincingly established for eight cases. Only two SNRs have YSOs closely\naligned along their rims; however, the time elapsed since the SNR began to\ninteract with the YSOs' natal clouds is much shorter than the contraction\ntimescales of the YSOs, and thus we do not see any evidence of SNR-triggered\nstar formation in the LMC. The 15 SNRs that are near molecular clouds may\ntrigger star formation in the future when the SNR shocks have slowed down to\n<45 km/s. We discuss how SNRs can alter the physical properties and abundances\nof YSOs.\n" }, { "id": "3366efb2-1a6b-4574-aa36-bea4bdbb166c", "adv_source_id": "3366efb2-1a6b-4574-aa36-bea4bdbb166c", "source_id": "3366efb2-1a6b-4574-aa36-bea4bdbb166c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-filtering effect in the transport through a single-molecule magnet\n Mn$_{12}$ bridged between metallic electrodes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Electronic transport through a single-molecule magnet Mn$_{12}$ in a\ntwo-terminal set up is calculated using the non-equilibrium Green's function\nmethod in conjunction with density-functional theory. A single-molecule magnet\nMn$_{12}$ is bridged between Au(111) electrodes via thiol group and alkane\nchains such that its magnetic easy axis is normal to the transport direction. A\ncomputed spin-polarized transmission coefficient in zero-bias reveals that\nresonant tunneling near the Fermi level occurs through some molecular orbitals\nof majority spin only. Thus, for low bias voltages, a spin-filtering effect\nsuch as only one spin component contributing to the conductance, is expected.\nThis effect would persist even with inclusion of additional electron\ncorrelations.\n" }, { "id": "bb40ace8-530b-47c2-965a-7f55dc60defc", "adv_source_id": "bb40ace8-530b-47c2-965a-7f55dc60defc", "source_id": "bb40ace8-530b-47c2-965a-7f55dc60defc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic monopole loops supported by a meron pair as the quark confiner", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a definition of gauge-invariant magnetic monopoles in Yang-Mills\ntheory without using the Abelian projection due to 't Hooft. They automatically\nappear from the Wilson loop operator. This is shown by rewriting the Wilson\nloop operator using a non-Abelian Stokes theorem. The magnetic monopole defined\nin this way is a topological object of co-dimension 3, i.e., a loop in\nfour-dimensions. We show that such magnetic loops indeed exist in\nfour-dimensional Yang-Mills theory. In fact, we give an analytical solution\nrepresenting circular magnetic monopole loops joining a pair of merons in the\nfour-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. This is achieved by solving\nthe differential equation for the adjoint color (magnetic monopole) field in\nthe two--meron background field within the recently developed reformulation of\nthe Yang-Mills theory. Our analytical solution corresponds to the numerical\nsolution found by Montero and Negele on a lattice. This result strongly\nsuggests that a meron pair is the most relevant quark confiner in the original\nYang-Mills theory, as Callan, Dashen and Gross suggested long ago.\n" }, { "id": "0a0ce099-d18b-47b1-8f63-3358b3acf132", "adv_source_id": "0a0ce099-d18b-47b1-8f63-3358b3acf132", "source_id": "0a0ce099-d18b-47b1-8f63-3358b3acf132", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Continuous-time quantum walks on semi-regular spidernet graphs via\n quantum probability theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze continuous-time quantum and classical random walk on spidernet\nlattices. In the framework of Stieltjes transform, we obtain density of states,\nwhich is an efficiency measure for the performance of classical and quantum\nmechanical transport processes on graphs, and calculate the spacetime\ntransition probabilities between two vertices of the lattice. Then we\nanalytically show that there are two power law decays $\\sim t^{-3}$ and $\\sim\nt^{-1.5}$ at the beginning of the transport for transition probability in the\ncontinuous-time quantum and classical random walk respectively. This results\nillustrate the decay of quantum mechanical transport processes is quicker than\nthat of the classical one. Due to the result, the characteristic time $t_c$,\nwhich is the time when the first maximum of the probabilities occur on an\ninfinite graph, for the quantum walk is shorter than that of the classical\nwalk. Therefore, we can interpret that the quantum transport speed on spidernet\nis faster than that of the classical one. In the end, we investigate the\nresults by numerical analysis for two examples.\n" }, { "id": "1ff3e7fd-b5cd-48e8-8877-c8e135b8f7cc", "adv_source_id": "1ff3e7fd-b5cd-48e8-8877-c8e135b8f7cc", "source_id": "1ff3e7fd-b5cd-48e8-8877-c8e135b8f7cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kalb-Ramond excitations in a thick-brane scenario with dilaton", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute the full spectrum and eigenstates of the Kalb-Ramond field in a\nwarped non-compact Randall-Sundrum -type five-dimensional spacetime in which\nthe ordinary four-dimensional braneworld is represented by a sine-Gordon\nsoliton. This 3-brane solution is fully consistent with both the warped\ngravitational field and bulk dilaton configurations. In such a background we\nembed a bulk antisymmetric tensor field and obtain, after reduction, an\ninfinite tower of normalizable Kaluza-Klein massive components along with a\nzero-mode. The low lying mass eigenstates of the Kalb-Ramond field may be\nrelated to the axion pseudoscalar. This yields phenomenological implications on\nthe space of parameters, particularly on the dilaton coupling constant. Both\nanalytical and numerical results are given.\n" }, { "id": "b4432ae1-6915-466f-8f49-b3d9830d3c39", "adv_source_id": "b4432ae1-6915-466f-8f49-b3d9830d3c39", "source_id": "b4432ae1-6915-466f-8f49-b3d9830d3c39", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multidimensional Scaling in the Poincare Disk", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a class of projective algorithms\ntraditionally used in Euclidean space to produce two- or three-dimensional\nvisualizations of datasets of multidimensional points or point distances. More\nrecently however, several authors have pointed out that for certain datasets,\nhyperbolic target space may provide a better fit than Euclidean space.\n In this paper we develop PD-MDS, a metric MDS algorithm designed specifically\nfor the Poincare disk (PD) model of the hyperbolic plane. Emphasizing the\nimportance of proceeding from first principles in spite of the availability of\nvarious black box optimizers, our construction is based on an elementary\nhyperbolic line search and reveals numerous particulars that need to be\ncarefully addressed when implementing this as well as more sophisticated\niterative optimization methods in a hyperbolic space model.\n" }, { "id": "755126a5-7ac1-4df9-8d67-5f95c0863a7b", "adv_source_id": "755126a5-7ac1-4df9-8d67-5f95c0863a7b", "source_id": "755126a5-7ac1-4df9-8d67-5f95c0863a7b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Implementing the Law of Sines to solve SAS triangles", "prompt": null, "generation": " By \"solving a triangle\", one refers to determining the three sidelengths and\nthe three angles, based on given information.Depending on the specific\ninformation, one or more triangles may satisfy the requirements of the given\ninformation.In the SAS case, two of sidelengths are given, as well as the angle\ncontained by the two sides.According to Euclidean Geometry, such a triangle\nmust be unique. In reference [1], and pretty much in standard trigonometry and\nprecalculus texts,the Law of Cosines is employed in solving a SAS triangle. In\nthis work we use an alternative approach by using the Law of Cosines.In Section\n2, we list some basic trigonometric identities and in Section 3 we prove a\nlemma which is used in Section4. In Section4, we demonstrate the use of the Law\nof Sines in solving an SAS triangle. In Section 5 we offer three examples in\ndetail; the last one being more general in nature.\n" }, { "id": "ba03dc65-c162-49b8-97ca-85edf22e4331", "adv_source_id": "ba03dc65-c162-49b8-97ca-85edf22e4331", "source_id": "ba03dc65-c162-49b8-97ca-85edf22e4331", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "G\\^ ateaux and Hadamard differentiability via directional\n differentiability", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $X$ be a separable Banach space, $Y$ a Banach space and $f: X \\to Y$ an\narbitrary mapping. Then the following implication holds at each point $x \\in X$\nexcept a $\\sigma$-directionally porous set:\n If the one-sided Hadamard directional derivative $f'_{H+}(x,u)$ exists in all\ndirections $u$ from a set $S_x \\subset X$ whose linear span is dense in $X$,\nthen $f$ is Hadamard differentiable at $x$.\n This theorem improves and generalizes a recent result of A.D. Ioffe, in which\nthe linear span of $S_x$ equals $X$ and $Y = \\R$.\n An analogous theorem, in which $f$ is pointwise Lipschitz, and which deals\nwith the usual one-sided derivatives and G\\^ ateaux differentiability is also\nproved. It generalizes a result of D. Preiss and the author, in which $f$ is\nsupposed to be Lipschitz.\n" }, { "id": "008e6dc0-06ff-4729-a9dc-95dd1722273c", "adv_source_id": "008e6dc0-06ff-4729-a9dc-95dd1722273c", "source_id": "008e6dc0-06ff-4729-a9dc-95dd1722273c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two-particle bosonic-fermionic quantum walk via 3D integrated photonics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum walk represents one of the most promising resources for the\nsimulation of physical quantum systems, and has also emerged as an alternative\nto the standard circuit model for quantum computing. Up to now the experimental\nimplementations have been restricted to single particle quantum walk, while\nvery recently the quantum walks of two identical photons have been reported.\nHere, for the first time, we investigate how the particle statistics, either\nbosonic or fermionic, influences a two-particle discrete quantum walk. Such\nexperiment has been realized by adopting two-photon entangled states and\nintegrated photonic circuits. The polarization entanglement was exploited to\nsimulate the bunching-antibunching feature of non interacting bosons and\nfermions. To this scope a novel three-dimensional geometry for the waveguide\ncircuit is introduced, which allows accurate polarization independent\nbehaviour, maintaining a remarkable control on both phase and balancement.\n" }, { "id": "2fa15a89-40e9-4d7a-8c0e-3aee4d7f803d", "adv_source_id": "2fa15a89-40e9-4d7a-8c0e-3aee4d7f803d", "source_id": "2fa15a89-40e9-4d7a-8c0e-3aee4d7f803d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On finitely recursive programs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Disjunctive finitary programs are a class of logic programs admitting\nfunction symbols and hence infinite domains. They have very good computational\nproperties, for example ground queries are decidable while in the general case\nthe stable model semantics is highly undecidable. In this paper we prove that a\nlarger class of programs, called finitely recursive programs, preserves most of\nthe good properties of finitary programs under the stable model semantics,\nnamely: (i) finitely recursive programs enjoy a compactness property; (ii)\ninconsistency checking and skeptical reasoning are semidecidable; (iii)\nskeptical resolution is complete for normal finitely recursive programs.\nMoreover, we show how to check inconsistency and answer skeptical queries using\nfinite subsets of the ground program instantiation. We achieve this by\nextending the splitting sequence theorem by Lifschitz and Turner: We prove that\nif the input program P is finitely recursive, then the partial stable models\ndetermined by any smooth splitting omega-sequence converge to a stable model of\nP.\n" }, { "id": "733e9851-0b87-4cd6-8a87-c693c327221c", "adv_source_id": "733e9851-0b87-4cd6-8a87-c693c327221c", "source_id": "733e9851-0b87-4cd6-8a87-c693c327221c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gauge Covariance Relations and the Fermion Propagator in\n Maxwell-Chern-Simons QED3", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the gauge covariance of the fermion propagator in\nMaxwell-Chern-Simons planar quantum electrodynamics (QED$_3$) considering\nfour-component spinors with parity-even and parity-odd mass terms both for\nfermions and photons. Starting with its tree level expression in the Landau\ngauge, we derive a non perturbative expression for this propagator in an\narbitrary covariant gauge by means of its Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin\ntransformation (LKFT). We compare our findings in the weak coupling regime with\nthe direct one-loop calculation of the two-point Green function and observe\nperfect agreement up to a gauge independent term. We also reproduce results\nderived in earlier works as special cases of our findings.\n" }, { "id": "691600e0-95f9-42ed-b815-3cc3914dab31", "adv_source_id": "691600e0-95f9-42ed-b815-3cc3914dab31", "source_id": "691600e0-95f9-42ed-b815-3cc3914dab31", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase Estimation from Atom Position Measurements", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the measurement of the position of atoms as a means to estimate the\nrelative phase between two Bose-Einstein condensates. First, we consider $N$\natoms released from a double-well trap, forming an interference pattern, and\nshow that a simple least-squares fit to the density gives a shot-noise limited\nsensitivity. The shot-noise limit can instead be overcome by using correlation\nfunctions of order $\\sqrt{N}$ or larger. The measurement of the\n$N\\mathrm{th}$-order correlation function allows to estimate the relative phase\nat the Heisenberg limit. Phase estimation through the measurement of the\ncenter-of-mass of the interference pattern can also provide sub-shot-noise\nsensitivity. Finally, we study the effect of the overlap between the two clouds\non the phase estimation, when Mach-Zehnder interferometry is performed in a\ndouble-well.\n" }, { "id": "11d90ebf-af71-44aa-8f66-e26bd2298544", "adv_source_id": "11d90ebf-af71-44aa-8f66-e26bd2298544", "source_id": "11d90ebf-af71-44aa-8f66-e26bd2298544", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tensor products of strongly graded vertex algebras and their modules", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study strongly graded vertex algebras and their strongly graded modules,\nwhich are conformal vertex algebras and their modules with a second, compatible\ngrading by an abelian group satisfying certain grading restriction conditions.\nWe consider a tensor product of strongly graded vertex algebras and its tensor\nproduct strongly graded modules. We prove that a tensor product of strongly\ngraded irreducible modules for a tensor product of strongly graded vertex\nalgebras is irreducible, and that such irreducible modules, up to equivalence,\nexhaust certain naturally defined strongly graded irreducible modules for a\ntensor product of strongly graded vertex algebras. We also prove that certain\nnaturally defined strongly graded modules for the tensor product strongly\ngraded vertex algebra are completely reducible if and only if every strongly\ngraded module for each of the tensor product factors is completely reducible.\nThese results generalize the corresponding known results for vertex operator\nalgebras and their modules.\n" }, { "id": "8bcbc103-4b9a-4f1f-bf30-892717875ceb", "adv_source_id": "8bcbc103-4b9a-4f1f-bf30-892717875ceb", "source_id": "8bcbc103-4b9a-4f1f-bf30-892717875ceb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Precision predictions for Z'-production at the CERN LHC: QCD matrix\n elements, parton showers, and joint resummation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We improve the theoretical predictions for the production of extra neutral\ngauge bosons at hadron colliders by implementing the Z' bosons in the MC@NLO\ngenerator and by computing their differential and total cross sections in joint\np_T and threshold resummation. The two improved predictions are found to be in\nexcellent agreement with each other for mass spectra, p_T spectra, and total\ncross sections, while the PYTHIA parton and ``power'' shower predictions\nusually employed for experimental analyses show significant shortcomings both\nin normalization and shape. The theoretical uncertainties from scale and parton\ndensity variations and non-perturbative effects are found to be 9%, 8%, and\nless than 5%, respectively, and thus under good control. The implementation of\nour improved predictions in terms of the new MC@NLO generator or resummed K\nfactors in the analysis chains of the Tevatron and LHC experiments should be\nstraightforward and lead to more precise determinations or limits of the Z'\nboson masses and/or couplings.\n" }, { "id": "8cb22504-1f11-4eea-af7c-d4cbcba4533e", "adv_source_id": "8cb22504-1f11-4eea-af7c-d4cbcba4533e", "source_id": "8cb22504-1f11-4eea-af7c-d4cbcba4533e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High-energy neutrinos from reverse shocks in choked and successful\n relativistic jets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Highly relativistic jets are a key element of current gamma-ray burst models,\nwhere the jet kinetic energy is converted to radiation energy at optically thin\nshocks. High-energy neutrinos are also expected, from interactions of protons\naccelerated in the same shocks. Here we revisit the early evolution of a\nrelativistic jet, while the jet is still inside the star, and investigate its\nneutrino emission. In particular we study propagation of mildly relativistic\nand ultrarelativistic jets through a type Ib progenitor, and follow reverse\nshocks as the jets cross the star. We show that protons can be accelerated to\n10^4-10^5 GeV at reverse shocks, and efficiently produce mesons. The mesons\nexperience significant cooling, suppressing subsequent neutrino emission. We\nshow, however, that the neutrino yield from the reverse shock is still\nreasonably large, especially for low-luminosity and long-duration jets, where\nmeson cooling is less severe. We discuss implications of our results in the\ncontext of neutrinos from choked jets, which are completely shock heated and do\nnot break out of the star. From a choked jet with isotropic equivalent energy\nof 10^{53} erg at 10 Mpc, we expect ~20 neutrino events at IceCube.\n" }, { "id": "1235fa8a-68c6-419e-81c8-45d909a4f6fd", "adv_source_id": "1235fa8a-68c6-419e-81c8-45d909a4f6fd", "source_id": "1235fa8a-68c6-419e-81c8-45d909a4f6fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Direct imaging of the structural change generated by dielectric\n breakdown in MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions are prepared to investigate the\ndielectric breakdown of the tunnel barrier. The breakdown is directly\nvisualized by transmission electron microscopy measurements. The broken tunnel\njunctions are prepared for the microscopy measurements by focussed ion beam out\nof the junctions characterized by transport investigations. Consequently, a\ndirect comparison of transport behavior and structure of the intact and broken\njunctions is obtained. Compared to earlier findings in Alumina based junctions,\nthe MgO barrier shows much more microscopic pinholes after breakdown. This can\nbe explained within a simple model assuming a relationship between the current\ndensity at the breakdown and the rate of pinhole formation.\n" }, { "id": "48fa2930-e199-4668-839f-68e5c5173983", "adv_source_id": "48fa2930-e199-4668-839f-68e5c5173983", "source_id": "48fa2930-e199-4668-839f-68e5c5173983", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraints on Extragalactic Background Light from Cherenkov telescopes:\n status and perspectives for the next 5 years", "prompt": null, "generation": " Very high energy (VHE, E > 30 GeV) gamma-rays are absorbed via interaction\nwith low-energy photons from the extragalactic background light (EBL) if the\ninvolved photon energies are above the threshold for electron-positron pair\ncreation. The VHE gamma-ray absorption, which is energy dependent and increases\nstrongly with redshift, distorts the VHE energy spectra observed from distant\nobjects. The observed energy spectra of the AGNs carry therefore an imprint of\nthe EBL. Recent detections of hard spectra of distant blazars (z = 0.11 - 0.54)\nby H.E.S.S. and MAGIC put strong constraints on the EBL density in the optical\nto near infrared waveband. It is, however, not yet possible to distinguish\nbetween an intrinsic softening of blazar spectra and a softening caused by the\ninteraction with low energy EBL photons. In this paper, we give an overview of\nthe EBL constraints, their limitations and perspectives for the joint efforts\nof the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space telescope and imaging atmospheric Cherenkov\ntelescopes.\n" }, { "id": "8e90e8b5-aa33-4207-9125-bea16a3df685", "adv_source_id": "8e90e8b5-aa33-4207-9125-bea16a3df685", "source_id": "8e90e8b5-aa33-4207-9125-bea16a3df685", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pre-images of quadratic dynamical systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " For a quadratic endomorphism of the affine line defined over the rationals we\nconsider the problem of bounding the number of rational points that eventually\nland at a given constant after iteration, called pre-images of the constant. In\nthe article \"Uniform Bounds on Pre-Images Under Quadratic Dynamical Systems,\"\nit was shown that the number of rational pre-images is bounded as one varies\nthe morphism in a certain one-dimensional family. Explicit values of the\nconstant for pre-images of zero and -1 defined over the rational numbers were\naddressed in subsequent articles. This article addresses an explicit bound for\nany algebraic image constant and provides insight into the geometry of the\n\"pre-image surfaces.\"\n" }, { "id": "380623bb-ec9b-4397-a663-a44b6ebe4050", "adv_source_id": "380623bb-ec9b-4397-a663-a44b6ebe4050", "source_id": "380623bb-ec9b-4397-a663-a44b6ebe4050", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Neutrino Decays over Cosmological Distances and the Implications for\n Neutrino Telescopes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss decays of ultra-relativistic neutrinos over cosmological distances\nby solving the decay equation in terms of its redshift dependence. We\ndemonstrate that there are significant conceptual differences compared to more\nsimplified treatments of neutrino decay. For instance, the maximum distance the\nneutrinos have traveled is limited by the Hubble length, which means that the\ncommon belief that longer neutrino lifetimes can be probed by longer distances\ndoes not apply. As a consequence, the neutrino lifetime limit from supernova\n1987A cannot be exceeded by high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We discuss the\nimplications for neutrino spectra and flavor ratios from gamma-ray bursts as\none example of extragalactic sources, using up-to-date neutrino flux\npredictions. If the observation of SN 1987A implies that \\nu_1 is stable and\nthe other mass eigenstates decay with rates much smaller than their current\nbounds, the muon track rate can be substantially suppressed compared to the\ncascade rate in the region IceCube is most sensitive to. In this scenario, no\ngamma-ray burst neutrinos may be found using muon tracks even with the full\nscale experiment, whereas reliable information on high-energy astrophysical\nsources can only be obtained from cascade measurements. As another consequence,\nthe recently observed two cascade event candidates at PeV energies will not be\naccompanied by corresponding muon tracks.\n" }, { "id": "d2c89812-1ea7-472b-b922-91a733d68cd5", "adv_source_id": "d2c89812-1ea7-472b-b922-91a733d68cd5", "source_id": "d2c89812-1ea7-472b-b922-91a733d68cd5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Growth and physical property study of single nanowire (diameter ~ 45nm)\n of half doped Manganite", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report here the growth and characterization of functional oxide nanowire\nof hole doped manganite of La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 (LSMO). We also report four probe\nelectrical resistance measurement of single nanowire of LSMO (diameter ~ 45nm)\nusing FIB fabricated electrodes. The wires were fabricated by hydrothermal\nmethod using autoclave at a temperature of 270 oC. The elemental analysis and\nphysical property like electrical resistivity were studied at individual\nnanowire level. The quantitative determination of Mn valency and elemental\nmapping of constituent elements was done by using Electron Energy Loss\nSpectroscopy (EELS) in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)\nmode. We addressed the important issue of whether as a result of size reduction\nthe nanowires can retain the desired composition, structure and physical\nproperties. The nanowires used were found to have a ferromagnetic transition\n(TC) at around 325 K which is very close to the bulk value of around 330 K\nfound in single crystal of the same composition confirming that the functional\nbehavior is likely to be retained even after size reduction of the nanowires to\na diameter of 45 nm. The electrical resistivity shows insulating behavior\nwithin the temperature range measured, which is very much similar to the bulk\nsystem.\n" }, { "id": "6f14deb3-832a-4d4f-96cd-7549ca5a41cf", "adv_source_id": "6f14deb3-832a-4d4f-96cd-7549ca5a41cf", "source_id": "6f14deb3-832a-4d4f-96cd-7549ca5a41cf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of branching fractions of B decays to K1(1270)pi and\n K1(1400)pi and determination of the CKM angle alpha from B0 --> a1(1260)+/-\n pi-/+", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report measurements of the branching fractions of neutral and charged B\nmeson decays to final states containing a K_1(1270) or K_1(1400) meson and a\ncharged pion. The data, collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC National\nAccelerator Laboratory, correspond to 454 million B Bbar pairs produced in e^+\ne^- annihilation. We measure the branching fractions BF(B^0 --> K_1(1270)^+\n\\pi^- + K_1(1400)^+ \\pi^-) = 3.1^{+0.8}_{-0.7} x10^{-5} and BF(B^+ -->\nK_1(1270)^0 \\pi^+ + K_1(1400)^0 \\pi^+) = 2.9^{+2.9}_{-1.7} x10^{-5} (<8.2\nx10^{-5} at 90% confidence level), where the errors are statistical and\nsystematic combined. The B^0 decay mode is observed with a significance of\n7.5\\sigma, while a significance of 3.2\\sigma is obtained for the B^+ decay\nmode. Based on these results, we estimate the weak phase \\alpha = (79 +/- 7 +/-\n11)^{\\circ} from the time dependent CP asymmetries in B^0 --> a_1(1260)^{+/-}\n\\pi^{-/+} decays.\n" }, { "id": "fc7dd365-3405-4a74-96bb-6c1753113020", "adv_source_id": "fc7dd365-3405-4a74-96bb-6c1753113020", "source_id": "fc7dd365-3405-4a74-96bb-6c1753113020", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Robotic Super-LOTIS Telescope: Results & Future Plans", "prompt": null, "generation": " We provide an overview of the robotic Super-LOTIS (Livermore Optical\nTransient Imaging System) telescope and present results from gamma-ray burst\n(GRB) afterglow observations using Super-LOTIS and other Steward Observatory\ntelescopes. The 0.6-m Super-LOTIS telescope is a fully robotic system dedicated\nto the measurement of prompt and early time optical emission from GRBs. The\nsystem began routine operations from its Steward Observatory site atop Kitt\nPeak in April 2000 and currently operates every clear night. The telescope is\ninstrumented with an optical CCD camera and a four position filter wheel. It is\ncapable of observing Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) error boxes as early or\nearlier than the Swift UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT). Super-LOTIS complements the\nUVOT observations by providing early R- and I-band imaging. We also use the\nsuite of Steward Observatory telescopes including the 1.6-m Kuiper, the 2.3-m\nBok, the 6.5-m MMT, and the 8.4-m Large Binocular Telescope to perform\nfollow-up optical and near infrared observations of GRB afterglows. These\nfollow-up observations have traditionally required human intervention but we\nare currently working to automate the 1.6-m Kuiper telescope to minimize its\nresponse time.\n" }, { "id": "7baea50c-ae37-417f-9038-60578aeff994", "adv_source_id": "7baea50c-ae37-417f-9038-60578aeff994", "source_id": "7baea50c-ae37-417f-9038-60578aeff994", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Alternation and interchange of e/4 and e/2 period interference\n oscillations as evidence for filling factor 5/2 non-Abelian quasiparticles", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is a theoretical conjecture that 5/2 fractional quantum Hall state charge\ne/4 excitations may obey exotic non-Abelian statistics. In edge state\ninterference these purported non-Abelian quasiparticles should display period\ne/4 Aharonov-Bohm oscillations if the interfering quasiparticle encircles an\neven number of localized e/4 charges, but suppression of oscillations if an odd\nnumber is encircled. To test this hypothesis, here we perform swept area\ninterference measurements at 5/2. We observe an alternating pattern of e/4 and\ne/2 period oscillations in resistance. This aperiodic alternation is consistent\nwith proposed non-Abelian properties: the e/4 oscillations occur for encircling\nan even number of localized quasiparticles, e/2 oscillations are expressed when\nencircling an odd number. Aperiodic alternation corresponds to the expected\narea sweep sampling the localized quasiparticles. Importantly, adding localized\nquasiparticles to the encircled area by changing magnetic field induces\ninterchange of the e/4 and e/2 oscillation periods, specifically consistent\nwith non-Abelian e/4 quasiparticles.\n" }, { "id": "0d89a4c7-928f-47c0-8859-704eb77e53e7", "adv_source_id": "0d89a4c7-928f-47c0-8859-704eb77e53e7", "source_id": "0d89a4c7-928f-47c0-8859-704eb77e53e7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Estimates for Solutions of a Low-Viscosity Kick-Forced Generalised\n Burgers Equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a non-homogeneous generalised Burgers equation: $$ \\frac{\\partial\nu}{\\partial t} + f'(u)\\frac{\\partial u}{\\partial x} - \\nu \\frac{\\partial^2\nu}{\\partial x^2} = \\eta^{\\omega},\\quad t \\in \\R,\\ x \\in S^1. $$ Here, \\nu is\nsmall and positive, f is strongly convex and satisfies a growth assumption,\nwhile \\eta^{\\omega} is a space-smooth random \"kicked\" forcing term. For any\nsolution $u$ of this equation, we consider the quasi-stationary regime,\ncorresponding to t>=2. After taking the ensemble average, we obtain upper\nestimates as well as time-averaged lower estimates for a class of Sobolev norms\nof $u$. These estimates are of the form C \\nu^{-\\beta} with the same values of\n$\\beta$ for bounds from above and from below. They depend on \\eta and f, but do\nnot depend on the time t or the initial condition.\n" }, { "id": "2f2463be-fba3-4d70-ae10-c8353b50cdbc", "adv_source_id": "2f2463be-fba3-4d70-ae10-c8353b50cdbc", "source_id": "2f2463be-fba3-4d70-ae10-c8353b50cdbc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entropy analyses of spatiotemporal synchronizations in brain signals\n from patients with focal epilepsies", "prompt": null, "generation": " The electroencephalographic (EEG) data intracerebrally recorded from 20\nepileptic humans with different brain origins of focal epilepsies or types of\nseizures, ages and sexes are investigated (nearly 700 million data). Multi\nchannel univariate amplitude analyses are performed and it is shown that time\ndependent Shannon entropies can be used to predict focal epileptic seizure\nonsets in different epileptogenic brain zones of different patients. Formations\nor time evolutions of the synchronizations in the brain signals from\nepileptogenic or non epileptogenic areas of the patients in ictal interval or\ninter-ictal interval are further investigated employing spatial or temporal\ndifferences of the entropies.\n" }, { "id": "6599d4a2-5a41-404e-b813-a3bf326c4e82", "adv_source_id": "6599d4a2-5a41-404e-b813-a3bf326c4e82", "source_id": "6599d4a2-5a41-404e-b813-a3bf326c4e82", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generalized Patterson-Sullivan measures for products of Hadamard spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $\\Gamma$ be a discrete group acting by isometries on a product\n$X=X_1\\times X_2$ of Hadamard spaces. We further require that $X_1$, $X_2$ are\nlocally compact and $\\Gamma$ contains two elements projecting to a pair of\nindependent rank one isometries in each factor. Apart from discrete groups\nacting by isometries on a product of CAT(-1)-spaces, the probably most\ninteresting examples of such groups are Kac-Moody groups over finite fields\nacting on the Davis complex of their associated twin building. In a previous\narticle we showed that the regular geometric limit set $\\Lim$ splits as a\nproduct $F_\\Gamma\\times P_\\Gamma$, where $F_\\Gamma\\subseteq\\rand_1\\times\n\\rand_2$ is the projection of the geometric limit set to $\\rand_1\\times\n\\rand_2$, and $P_\\Gamma$ encodes the ratios of the speed of divergence of orbit\npoints in each factor. Our aim in this paper is a description of the limit set\nfrom a measure theoretical point of view. We first study the conformal density\nobtained from the classical Patterson-Sullivan construction, then generalize\nthis construction to obtain measures supported in each $\\Gamma$-invariant\nsubset of the regular limit set and investigate their properties. Finally we\nshow that the Hausdorff dimension of the radial limit set in each\n$\\Gamma$-invariant subset of $\\Lim$ is bounded above by the exponential growth\nrate introduced in the previous article.\n" }, { "id": "8cb38455-6a62-4a8c-b921-adddc102a159", "adv_source_id": "8cb38455-6a62-4a8c-b921-adddc102a159", "source_id": "8cb38455-6a62-4a8c-b921-adddc102a159", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strong magnetic coupling of an inhomogeneous NV ensemble to a cavity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study experimentally and theoretically a dense ensemble of negatively\ncharged nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond coupled to a high $Q$\nsuperconducting coplanar waveguide cavity mode at low temperature. The\nnitrogen-vacancy centers are modeled as effective spin one defects with\ninhomogeneous frequency distribution. For a large enough ensemble the effective\nmagnetic coupling of the collective spin dominates the mode losses and\ninhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble and the system exhibits well resolved\nnormal mode splitting in probe transmission spectra. We use several theoretical\napproaches to model the probe spectra and the number and frequency distribution\nof the spins. This analysis reveals an only slowly temperature dependent\nq-Gaussian energy distribution of the defects with a yet unexplained decrease\nof effectively coupled spins at very low temperatures below\n$\\unit{100}{\\milli\\kelvin}$. Based on the system parameters we predict the\npossibility to implement an extremely stable maser by adding an external pump\nto the system.\n" }, { "id": "4f82e0b6-f887-43a1-88fd-f0132e1ed31d", "adv_source_id": "4f82e0b6-f887-43a1-88fd-f0132e1ed31d", "source_id": "4f82e0b6-f887-43a1-88fd-f0132e1ed31d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Systematic tight-binding analysis of ARPES spectra of transition-metal\n oxides", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have performed systematic tight-binding (TB) analyses of the\nangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) spectra of transition-metal\n(TM) oxides A$M$O$_3$ ($M=$ Ti, V, Mn, and Fe) with the perovskite-type\nstructure and compared the obtained parameters with those obtained from\nconfiguration-interaction (CI) cluster-model analyses of photoemission spectra.\nThe values of $\\epsilon_d-\\epsilon_p$ from ARPES are found to be similar to the\ncharge-transfer energy $\\Delta$ from O $2p$ orbitals to empty TM 3d orbitals\nand much larger than $\\Delta-U/2$ ($U$: on-site Coulomb energy) expected for\nMott-Hubbard-type compounds including SrVO$_3$. $\\epsilon_d-\\epsilon_p$ values\nfrom {\\it ab initio} band-structure calculations show similar behaviors to\nthose from ARPES. The values of the $p-d$ transfer integrals to describe the\nglobal electronic structure are found to be similar in all the estimates,\nwhereas additional narrowing beyond the TB description occurs in the ARPES\nspectra of the $d$ band.\n" }, { "id": "a1e6fb17-24d1-40a6-9060-7af97703ab0b", "adv_source_id": "a1e6fb17-24d1-40a6-9060-7af97703ab0b", "source_id": "a1e6fb17-24d1-40a6-9060-7af97703ab0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Combinatorics of Avalanche Dynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a simple and elementary proof of the identity\n$$\\sum_{r=1}^n\\sum_{k_1,...,k_r\\ge 1: \\sum_{i=1}^r k_i= n} \\frac {n!}\n{k_1!k_2!...k_r!}k_1^{k_2}...k_{r-1}^{k_r}=(n+1)^{n-1}$$ where $n\\in \\mathbb\nN$. A first application of this formula shows Cayley's theorem \\cite{Caley} on\nthe number of trees with $n+1$ vertices (in fact the formula is equivalent to\nCayley's result). A second application gives the distribution of avalanche\nsizes, which can be deduced for general dynamical systems and also as a\nbilogically motivated urn model in probability. In particular, the law of\navalanche sizes in Eurich et al. \\cite{EHE} and Levina \\cite{Levina} is closely\nrelated to this dynamical representation.\n" }, { "id": "832ad6dc-2b52-4f8f-b1f3-2d620c26cc71", "adv_source_id": "832ad6dc-2b52-4f8f-b1f3-2d620c26cc71", "source_id": "832ad6dc-2b52-4f8f-b1f3-2d620c26cc71", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Techniques for Stochastic Mechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Some ideas from quantum theory are just beginning to percolate back to\nclassical probability theory. For example, there is a widely used and\nsuccessful theory of \"chemical reaction networks\", which describes the\ninteractions of molecules in a stochastic rather than quantum way. Computer\nscience and population biology use the same ideas under a different name:\n\"stochastic Petri nets\". But if we look at these theories from the perspective\nof quantum theory, they turn out to involve creation and annihilation\noperators, coherent states and other well-known ideas - but in a context where\nprobabilities replace amplitudes. We explain this connection as part of a\ndetailed analogy between quantum mechanics and stochastic mechanics. We use\nthis analogy to present new proofs of two major results in the theory of\nchemical reaction networks: the deficiency zero theorem and the\nAnderson-Craciun-Kurtz theorem. We also study the overlap of quantum mechanics\nand stochastic mechanics, which involves Hamiltonians that can generate either\nunitary or stochastic time evolution. These Hamiltonians are called \"Dirichlet\nforms\", and they arise naturally from electrical circuits made only of\nresistors.\n" }, { "id": "f9319555-24b6-462c-bbb5-3200fc0381ce", "adv_source_id": "f9319555-24b6-462c-bbb5-3200fc0381ce", "source_id": "f9319555-24b6-462c-bbb5-3200fc0381ce", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photolytically generated aerosols in the mesosphere and thermosphere of\n Titan", "prompt": null, "generation": " Analysis of the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS) stellar and\nsolar occultations at Titan to date include 12 species: N$_{2}$ (nitrogen),\nCH$_{4}$ (methane), C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ (acetylene), C$_{2}$H$_{4}$ (ethylene),\nC$_{2}$H$_{6}$ (ethane), C$_{4}$H$_{2}$ (diacetylene), C$_{6}$H$_{6}$\n(benzene), C$_{6}$N$_{2}$ (dicyanodiacetylene), C$_{2}$N$_{2}$ (cyanogen), HCN\n(hydrogen cyanide), HC$_{3}$N (cyanoacetylene), and aerosols distinguished by a\nstructureless continuum extinction (absorption plus scattering) of photons in\nthe EUV. The introduction of aerosol particles, retaining the same refractive\nindex properties as tholin with radius $\\sim$125 \\AA and using Mie theory,\nprovides a satisfactory fit to the spectra. The derived vertical profile of\naerosol density shows distinct structure, implying a reactive generation\nprocess reaching altitudes more than 1000 km above the surface. A photochemical\nmodel presented here provides a reference basis for examining the chemical and\nphysical processes leading to the distinctive atmospheric opacity at Titan. We\nfind that dicyanodiacetylene is condensable at $\\sim$650 km, where the\natmospheric temperature minimum is located. This species is the simplest\nmolecule identified to be condensable. Observations are needed to confirm the\nexistence and production rates of dicyanodiacetylene.\n" }, { "id": "1a365cf7-587a-4cee-a2b0-a369341b3216", "adv_source_id": "1a365cf7-587a-4cee-a2b0-a369341b3216", "source_id": "1a365cf7-587a-4cee-a2b0-a369341b3216", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Concurrent Knowledge-Extraction in the Public-Key Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Knowledge extraction is a fundamental notion, modelling machine possession of\nvalues (witnesses) in a computational complexity sense. The notion provides an\nessential tool for cryptographic protocol design and analysis, enabling one to\nargue about the internal state of protocol players without ever looking at this\nsupposedly secret state. However, when transactions are concurrent (e.g., over\nthe Internet) with players possessing public-keys (as is common in\ncryptography), assuring that entities ``know'' what they claim to know, where\nadversaries may be well coordinated across different transactions, turns out to\nbe much more subtle and in need of re-examination. Here, we investigate how to\nformally treat knowledge possession by parties (with registered public-keys)\ninteracting over the Internet. Stated more technically, we look into the\nrelative power of the notion of ``concurrent knowledge-extraction'' (CKE) in\nthe concurrent zero-knowledge (CZK) bare public-key (BPK) model.\n" }, { "id": "3a5632a4-6ecc-43a7-baf3-75794c10ebfa", "adv_source_id": "3a5632a4-6ecc-43a7-baf3-75794c10ebfa", "source_id": "3a5632a4-6ecc-43a7-baf3-75794c10ebfa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hitting times and interlacing eigenvalues: a stochastic approach using\n intertwinings", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a systematic matrix-analytic approach, based on intertwinings of\nMarkov semigroups, for proving theorems about hitting-time distributions for\nfinite-state Markov chains -- an approach that (sometimes) deepens\nunderstanding of the theorems by providing corresponding\nsample-path-by-sample-path stochastic constructions. We employ our approach to\ngive new proofs and constructions for two theorems due to Mark Brown, theorems\ngiving two quite different representations of hitting-time distributions for\nfinite-state Markov chains started in stationarity. The proof, and\ncorresponding construction, for one of the two theorems elucidates an\nintriguing connection between hitting-time distributions and the interlacing\neigenvalues theorem for bordered symmetric matrices.\n" }, { "id": "b96f3b41-4a89-4412-ba99-2dba61cf36d4", "adv_source_id": "b96f3b41-4a89-4412-ba99-2dba61cf36d4", "source_id": "b96f3b41-4a89-4412-ba99-2dba61cf36d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On string momentum in effective string theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " Centre of mass momentum for strings is an important ingredient in the\ncalculation of the spectrum of string theories. It is calculated by the\nN\\\"other prescription for two types of conformally invariant effective string\ntheories of the Polchinski-Strominger type. One is the so called\nPolyakov-Liouville theory \\cite{liouville} and the other an extension of the\noriginal Polchinski-Strominger action analysed upto order $R^{-3}$ where $2\\pi\nR$ is the length of the string. In the first case analysis is carried out to\norder $R^{-2}$ and in the second case to order $R^{-3}$. In both cases the\ncorrection to the free bosonic theory result is shown to be of the {\\em\nimprovement} type so that the correction to the total string momentum, obtained\nby integrating over the spatial coordinate of the string world sheet, vanishes.\n" }, { "id": "9e773cd9-649c-43c3-9db0-60eaad443f0d", "adv_source_id": "9e773cd9-649c-43c3-9db0-60eaad443f0d", "source_id": "9e773cd9-649c-43c3-9db0-60eaad443f0d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Standard Model with Partial Gauge Invariance", "prompt": null, "generation": " We argue that an exact gauge invariance may disable some generic features of\nthe Standard Model which could otherwise manifest themselves at high energies.\nOne of them might be related to the spontaneous Lorentz invariance violation\n(SLIV) which could provide an alternative dynamical approach to QED and\nYang-Mills theories with photon and non-Abelian gauge fields appearing as\nmassless Nambu-Goldstone bosons. To see some key features of the new physics\nexpected we propose partial rather than exact gauge invariance in an extended\nSM framework. This principle applied, in some minimal form, to the weak\nhypercharge gauge field B_{mu} and its interactions leads to SLIV with B field\ncomponents appearing as the massless Nambu-Goldstone modes, and provides a\nnumber of distinctive Lorentz beaking effects. Being naturally suppressed at\nlow energies they may become detectable in high energy physics and\nastrophysics. Some of the most interesting SLIV processes are considered in\nsignificant detail.\n" }, { "id": "94d0237a-eafd-4996-8479-6d7b2bea381f", "adv_source_id": "94d0237a-eafd-4996-8479-6d7b2bea381f", "source_id": "94d0237a-eafd-4996-8479-6d7b2bea381f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bayesian Analysis of QENS data: From parameter determination to model\n selection", "prompt": null, "generation": " The extraction of any physical information from quasielastic neutron\nscattering spectra is generally done by fitting a model to the data by means of\nchi-square minimization procedure. However, as pointed out by the pioneering\nwork of D.S. Sivia et al., also another probabilistic approach based on Bayes\ntheorem can be employed. In a nutshell, the main difference between the\nclassical chi-square minimization and the Bayesian approach is the way of\nexpressing the final results: In the first case, the result is a set of values\nof parameters with a symmetric error and a figure of merit such as chi-square,\nwhereas in the second case the results are presented as probability\ndistribution functions (PDF) of both, parameters and merit figure. In this\ncontribution, we demonstrate how final PDFs are obtained by exploring all\npossible combinations of parameters that are compatible with the experimental\nerror. Three advantages of this method will be emphasized: First, correlations\nbetween parameters are automatically taken into account, which implies, for\nexample, that parameter errors are correctly calculated, correlations show up\nin a natural way and ill defined parameters are immediately recognized from\ntheir PDF. Second, it is possible to calculate the likelihood of a determined\nphysical model, and therefore to select the one among many that fits the data\nbest with a minimal number of parameters, in a correctly defined probabilistic\nway.\n" }, { "id": "aabe413a-90b9-42e6-9637-348621c95d16", "adv_source_id": "aabe413a-90b9-42e6-9637-348621c95d16", "source_id": "aabe413a-90b9-42e6-9637-348621c95d16", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Shear viscosity of a nonperturbative gluon plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " Shear viscosity is evaluated within a model of the gluon plasma, which is\nbased entirely on the stochastic nonperturbative fields. We consider two types\nof excitations of such fields, which are characterized by the thermal\ncorrelation lengths ~ 1/(g^2 T) and ~ 1/(g^4 T), where \"g\" is the\nfinite-temperature Yang-Mills coupling. Excitations of the first type\ncorrespond to the genuine nonperturbative stochastic Yang-Mills fields, while\nexcitations of the second type mimic the known result for the shear viscosity\nof the perturbative Yang-Mills plasma. We show that the excitations of the\nfirst type produce only an O(g^{10})-correction to this result. Furthermore, a\npossible interference between excitations of these two types yields a somewhat\nlarger, O(g^7), correction to the leading perturbative Yang-Mills result.\n Our analysis is based on the Fourier transformed Euclidean Kubo formula,\nwhich represents an integral equation for the shear spectral density. This\nequation is solved by seeking the spectral density in the form of the\nLorentzian Ans\\\"atze, whose widths are defined by the two thermal correlation\nlengths and by their mean value, which corresponds to the said interference\nbetween the two types of excitations. Thus, within one and the same formalism,\nwe reproduce the known result for the shear viscosity of the perturbative\nYang-Mills plasma, and account for possible nonperturbative corrections to it.\n" }, { "id": "a8aa823d-4a2f-41dc-b044-3184f40b5cbd", "adv_source_id": "a8aa823d-4a2f-41dc-b044-3184f40b5cbd", "source_id": "a8aa823d-4a2f-41dc-b044-3184f40b5cbd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Distorted Born Diffraction Tomography: limits and applications to\n inverse the ultrasonic field scattered by an non-circular infinite elastic\n tube", "prompt": null, "generation": " This study focuses on the application of ultra sonic diffrac tion tomography\nto noncircular 2D-cylindri - cal ob jects im mersed in an in fi nite fluid. The\ndis torted Born it er a tive method used to solve the in verse scat ter ing\nprob lem be longs to the class of al ge braic re con struc tion al go rithms.\nThis method was de vel - oped to in crease the or der of ap pli ca tion of the\nBorn ap prox i ma tion (in the case of weakly-con trasted me dia) to higher or\nders. This yields quan ti ta tive in for ma tion about the scat terer, such as\nthe speed of sound and the at ten u a tion. Quan ti ta tive ul tra sonic im ag\ning tech niques of this kind are of great po ten tial value in fields such as\nmed i cine, un der wa ter acous tics and non de struc tive test ing.\n" }, { "id": "9024dd54-98c8-4f38-b77e-83c8f8209f2d", "adv_source_id": "9024dd54-98c8-4f38-b77e-83c8f8209f2d", "source_id": "9024dd54-98c8-4f38-b77e-83c8f8209f2d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Superconformal Characters and Partition Functions in Three Dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Possible short and semi-short positive energy, unitary representations of the\nOsp(2N|4) superconformal group in three dimensions are discussed. Corresponding\ncharacter formulae are obtained, consistent with character formulae for the\nSO(3,2) conformal group, revealing long multiplet decomposition at unitarity\nbounds in a simple way. Limits, corresponding to reduction to various Osp(2N|4)\nsubalgebras, are taken in the characters that isolate contributions from fewer\nstates, at a given unitarity threshold, leading to considerably simpler\nformulae. Via these limits, applied to partition functions, closed formulae for\nthe generating functions for numbers of BPS operators in the free field limit\nof superconformal U(n)\\times U(n) \\N=6 Chern Simons theory and its supergravity\ndual are obtained in the large n limit. Partial counting of semi-short\noperators is performed and consistency between operator counting for the free\nfield and supergravity limits with long multiplet decomposition rules is\nexplicitly demonstrated. Partition functions counting certain protected scalar\nprimary semi-short operators, and their superconformal descendants, are\nproposed and computed for large n. Certain chiral ring partition functions are\ndiscussed from a combinatorial perspective.\n" }, { "id": "36344ca2-944c-4c2e-ad04-509bc2d491aa", "adv_source_id": "36344ca2-944c-4c2e-ad04-509bc2d491aa", "source_id": "36344ca2-944c-4c2e-ad04-509bc2d491aa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Semiclassical and quantum description of motion on noncommutative plane", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the canonical and the coherent state quantization of a particle\nmoving in a magnetic field on a non-commutative plane. Starting from the so\ncalled \\theta-modified action, we perform the canonical quantization and\nanalyze the gauge dependence of the obtained quantum theory. We construct the\nMalkin-Man'ko coherent states of the system in question, and the corresponding\nquantization. On this base, we study the relation between the coherent states\nand the \"classical\" trajectories predicted by the \\theta-modified action. In\naddition, we construct different semiclassical states, making use of special\nproperties of circular squeezed states. With the help of these states, we\nperform the Berezin-Klauder-Toeplitz quantization and present a numerical\nexploration of the semiclassical behavior of physical quantities in these\nstates.\n" }, { "id": "b5da6e14-ed58-47b0-b571-36682306523f", "adv_source_id": "b5da6e14-ed58-47b0-b571-36682306523f", "source_id": "b5da6e14-ed58-47b0-b571-36682306523f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anomaly Mediation in Superstring Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking in type IIB string theory\nand use our results to test the supergravity formula for anomaly mediated\ngaugino masses. We compute 1-loop gaugino masses for models of D3-branes on\norbifold singularities with 3-form fluxes by calculating the annulus correlator\nof 3-form flux and two gauginos in the zero momentum limit. Consistent with\nsupergravity expectations we find both anomalous and running contributions to\n1-loop gaugino masses. For background Neveu-Schwarz H-flux we find an exact\nmatch with the supergravity formula. For Ramond-Ramond flux there is an\noff-shell ambiguity that precludes a full matching. The anomaly mediated\ngaugino masses, while determined by the infrared spectrum, arise from an\nexplicit sum over UV open string winding modes. We also calculate\nbrane-to-brane tree-level gravity mediated gaugino masses and show that there\nare two contributions coming from the dilaton and from the twisted modes, which\nare suppressed by the full T^6 volume and the untwisted T^2 volume\nrespectively.\n" }, { "id": "3e77d846-e479-4b6e-bf70-e2abe8b1f834", "adv_source_id": "3e77d846-e479-4b6e-bf70-e2abe8b1f834", "source_id": "3e77d846-e479-4b6e-bf70-e2abe8b1f834", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Surface chemistry in the interstellar medium - I - H2 formation by\n Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal mechanisms", "prompt": null, "generation": " H2 formation remains a major issue for the understanding of interstellar\nphysics. We investigate H2 formation in the interstellar medium at the light of\nthe most recent experimental and theoretical data. We implemented detailed H2\nformation mechanisms on grains surface in the Meudon PDR code : i)\nLangmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism taking into account the contribution of the\ndifferent sizes of dust grains in the diffusion processes and ii) the\nEley-Rideal mechanism. We show that, thanks to these processes, H2 can be\nformed even in regions where dust temperature is larger than 25 K. We also show\nthat formation by Eley-Rideal mechanism can be a significant source of heating\nof the gas. We derive line intensities for various astrophysical conditions.\nSuch an approach results in an enhanced H2 formation rate compared to the\nstandard formation determined by observations in absorption in the UV. We\nderive some H2 line intensities for isobaric and isochoric models.\n" }, { "id": "1685359d-8009-4088-bfe6-bd91710549e4", "adv_source_id": "1685359d-8009-4088-bfe6-bd91710549e4", "source_id": "1685359d-8009-4088-bfe6-bd91710549e4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fold maps and immersions from the viewpoint of cobordism", "prompt": null, "generation": " We obtain complete geometric invariants of cobordism classes of oriented\nsimple fold maps of (n+1)-dimensional manifolds into an n-dimensional manifold\nN in terms of immersions with prescribed normal bundles. We compute that this\ncobordism group of simple fold maps is isomorphic to the direct sum of the\n(n-1)th stable homotopy group of spheres and the (n-1)th stable homotopy group\nof the infinite dimensional projective space. By using geometric invariants\ndefined in the author's earlier works, we also describe the natural map of the\nsimple fold cobordism group to the fold cobordism group by natural\nhomomorphisms between cobordism groups of immersions. We also compute the ranks\nof the oriented (right-left) bordism groups of simple fold maps.\n" }, { "id": "4239c231-54e7-4965-9dcd-854deae9a243", "adv_source_id": "4239c231-54e7-4965-9dcd-854deae9a243", "source_id": "4239c231-54e7-4965-9dcd-854deae9a243", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Neutrino Emissivity of Non-equilibrium beta processes With Nucleon\n Superfluidity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the influence of nucleon superfluidity on the neutrino\nemissivity of non-equilibrium beta processes. Calculations are performed of the\nreduction factors for direct and modified Urca processes with three types of\nnucleon superfluidity in $npe$ matter. The numerical results are given since\nthe analytical solution is impossible. We find that the behavior of the\nsuperfluid influence is closely related to the chemical departure from beta\nequilibrium. For small chemical departure, the superfluid reduction factor\nalmost only depends on the gap but is hardly affected by the departure. While\nfor the departure large enough, it rapidly enhances the neutrino emissivity.\nThe onset of the \"enchanced\" emission has some corresponding thresholds which\nseem to be linked to the ratio of the energy gap to the chemical departure.\n" }, { "id": "07b0b904-0eef-4301-930e-bc8f46587e48", "adv_source_id": "07b0b904-0eef-4301-930e-bc8f46587e48", "source_id": "07b0b904-0eef-4301-930e-bc8f46587e48", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Matrix Graph Grammars and Monotone Complex Logics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Graph transformation is concerned with the manipulation of graphs by means of\nrules. Graph grammars have been traditionally studied using techniques from\ncategory theory. In previous works, we introduced Matrix Graph Grammars (MGGs)\nas a purely algebraic approach for the study of graph grammars and graph\ndynamics, based on the representation of graphs by means of their adjacency\nmatrices. MGGs have been succesfully applied to problems such as applicability\nof rule sequences, sequentialization and reachability, providing new analysis\ntechniques and generalizing and improving previous results.\n Our next objective is to generalize MGGs in order to approach computational\ncomplexity theory and \"static\" properties of graphs out of the \"dynamics\" of\ncertain grammars. In the present work, we start building bridges between MGGs\nand complexity by introducing what we call \"Monotone Complex Logic\", which\nallows establishing a (bijective) link between MGGs and complex analysis. We\nuse this logic to recast the formulation and basic building blocks of MGGs as\nmore proper geometric and analytic concepts (scalar products, norms,\ndistances). MGG rules can also be interpreted - via operators - as complex\nnumbers. Interestingly, the subset they define can be characterized as the\nSierpinski gasket.\n" }, { "id": "0717649d-b845-4bfb-bd04-d4031edb159c", "adv_source_id": "0717649d-b845-4bfb-bd04-d4031edb159c", "source_id": "0717649d-b845-4bfb-bd04-d4031edb159c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin Correlations of Lambda anti-Lambda Pairs as a Probe of\n Quark-Antiquark Pair Production", "prompt": null, "generation": " The polarizations of Lambda and anti-Lambda are thought to retain memories of\nthe spins of their parent s quarks and antiquarks, and are readily measurable\nvia the angular distributions of their daughter protons and antiprotons.\nCorrelations between the spins of Lambda and anti-Lambda produced at low\nrelative momenta may therefore be used to probe the spin states of s anti-s\npairs produced during hadronization. We consider the possibilities that they\nare produced in a 3P_0 state, as might result from fluctuations in the\nmagnitude of , a 1S_0 state, as might result from chiral\nfluctuations, or a 3S_1 or other spin state, as might result from production by\na quark-antiquark or gluon pair. We provide templates for the p anti-p angular\ncorrelations that would be expected in each of these cases, and discuss how\nthey might be used to distinguish s anti-s production mechanisms in pp and\nheavy-ion collisions.\n" }, { "id": "4e99aa91-ca73-42e5-97ad-104acbcbe7fa", "adv_source_id": "4e99aa91-ca73-42e5-97ad-104acbcbe7fa", "source_id": "4e99aa91-ca73-42e5-97ad-104acbcbe7fa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the classification problem for C*-algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the given article it is introduced new notions of a C$^*$-algebra of von\nNeumann type I and C$^*$-algebras of types I$_n$, II, II$_1$, II$_\\infty$ and\nIII. It is proved that any GCR-algebra is a C$^*$-algebra of von Neumann type\nI, and a C$^*$-algebra is an NGCR-algebra if and only if this C$^*$-algebra\ndoes not have a nonzero Abelian annihilator. Also an analog of the theorem on\ndecomposition of a von Neumann algebra to subalgebras of types I, II and III is\nproved. In the final part it is proved that every C$^*$-factor of von Neumann\ntype I is a C$^*$-algebra of type I$_n$ for some cardinal number $n$, every\nsimple C$^*$-algebra of type II$_1$ is finite, every simple purely infinite\nC$^*$-algebra is of type III and every W$^*$-factor of type II$_\\infty$ has a\nsimple C$^*$-subalgebra of type II$_\\infty$. Finally it is formulated a\nclassification theorem for C$^*$-factors.\n" }, { "id": "4f15b16d-eeb4-4320-b662-d2e15c32bd86", "adv_source_id": "4f15b16d-eeb4-4320-b662-d2e15c32bd86", "source_id": "4f15b16d-eeb4-4320-b662-d2e15c32bd86", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Distributed Consensus on Set-valued Information", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper focuses on the convergence of infor- mation in distributed systems\nof agents communicating over a network. The information on which the\nconvergence is sought is not represented by real numbers, rather by sets of\nreal numbers, whose possible dynamics are given by the class of so-called\nBoolean maps, involving only unions, intersections, and complements of sets.\nBased on a notion of contractivity, a necessary and sufficient condition\nensuring the global and local convergence toward an equilibrium point is\npresented. In particular the analysis of global convergence recovers results\nalready obtained by the authors, but the more general approach used in this\npaper allows analogue results to be found to characterize the local\nconvergence.\n" }, { "id": "ac77960d-0c05-4651-a66b-29a81ef873d8", "adv_source_id": "ac77960d-0c05-4651-a66b-29a81ef873d8", "source_id": "ac77960d-0c05-4651-a66b-29a81ef873d8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Properties of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies in Cosmological\n Simulation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use galaxy catalogues constructed by combining high-resolution N-body\nsimulations with semi-analytic models of galaxy formation to study the\nproperties of Long Gamma-Ray Burst (LGRB) host galaxies. We assume that LGRBs\noriginate from the death of massive young stars and analyse how results are\naffected by different metallicity constraints on the progenitor stars. As\nexpected, the host sample with no metallicity restriction on the progenitor\nstars provides a perfect tracer of the cosmic star formation history. When\nLGRBs are required to be generated by low-metallicity stars, they trace a\ndecreasing fraction of the cosmic star formation rate at lower redshift, as a\nconsequence of the global increase in metallicity. We study the properties of\nhost galaxies up to high redshift (~9), finding that they typically have\nlow-metallicity (Z<0.5 Z_sun) and that they are small (M<10^9 M_sun), bluer and\nyounger than the average galaxy population, in agreement with observational\ndata. They are also less clustered than typical L_* galaxies in the Universe,\nand their descendents are massive, red and reside in groups of galaxies with\nhalo mass between 10^{13} M_sun to 10^{14} M_sun.\n" }, { "id": "113429c8-b9dc-4b04-89a8-c82a3be72d0b", "adv_source_id": "113429c8-b9dc-4b04-89a8-c82a3be72d0b", "source_id": "113429c8-b9dc-4b04-89a8-c82a3be72d0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "P stabilizes dark matter and with CP can predict leptonic phases", "prompt": null, "generation": " We find that spontaneously broken parity (P) or left-right symmetry\nstabilizes dark matter in a beautiful way. If dark matter has a non-real\nintrinsic parity \\pm i (e.g. Majorana fermions), parity can ensure that it\ncannot decay to all normal particles with real intrinsic parities. However if\nMajorana couplings are absent either in the Lepton or the dark sector, P\nsymmetry can be redefined to remove relative non-real intrinsic phases. It is\ntherefore predicted that neutrinos and dark matter fermions must have Majorana\nmasses if dark matter is stable due to parity. We also consider vectorlike\ndoublet fermions with intrinsic parity \\pm i. Strong CP problem is solved by\nadditionally imposing CP. Leptonic CP phases vanish at the tree level in the\nminimal strong CP solving model, which is a testable prediction. Experimentally\nif leptonic CP phases are not found (they are found to be consistent with 0 or\n\\pi) it can be evidence for the type of models in this work where CP is\nspontaneously or softly broken and there is also a second hidden or softly\nbroken symmetry such as P, Z_2 or Z_4. However leptonic CP violation can be\npresent in closely related or some non-minimal versions of these models.\n" }, { "id": "dc0f9a78-2725-452e-82c5-4705d78185d3", "adv_source_id": "dc0f9a78-2725-452e-82c5-4705d78185d3", "source_id": "dc0f9a78-2725-452e-82c5-4705d78185d3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hadronic B decay at BELLE and BABAR", "prompt": null, "generation": " There are several exciting results for the hadronic B decays of Belle and\nBaBar recently. My report focuses on the ratios of branching fractions and $CP$\nasymmetry for $B \\to hh$ decays at Belle and BaBar where $h$ denotes $\\pi$ or\n$K$. The observations of $B^+ \\to K^+ \\bar{K}{}^0$, $B^0 \\to K^0 \\bar{K}{}^0$\nare published both by Belle and BaBar and shown here. We also report the\nobservation of $B^+ \\to \\rho^+ K^0$ and search of $B^+ \\to \\bar{K}{}^{* 0}\nK^+$, $B^0 \\to \\rho^0 \\rho^0$, $B^0 \\to a_0^- \\pi^+$ and $B^0 \\to a_0^- K^+$ at\nBaBar. Finally, we will show the results of amplitude analysis of the decays\n$B^0 \\to \\phi K^*_2(1430)^0$, $\\phi K^*(892)^0$ and $\\phi (K\\pi)^0_{\\rm\nS-wave}$ at BaBar.}\n" }, { "id": "b5c97516-520a-4d6a-b946-77d899998ee6", "adv_source_id": "b5c97516-520a-4d6a-b946-77d899998ee6", "source_id": "b5c97516-520a-4d6a-b946-77d899998ee6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Properties of Bare Strange Stars Associated with Surface Electric Fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we investigate the electrodynamic surface properties of bare\nstrange quark stars. The surfaces of such objects are characterized by the\nformation of ultra-high electric surface fields which might be as high as $\\sim\n10^{19}$ V/cm. These fields result from the formation of electric dipole layers\nat the stellar surfaces. We calculate the increase in gravitational mass\nassociated with the energy stored in the electric dipole field, which turns out\nto be only significant if the star possesses a sufficiently strong {\\em net}\nelectric charge distribution. In part two of the paper, we explore the\nintriguing possibility of what happens when the electron layer (sphere) rotates\nwith respect to the stellar strange matter body. We find that in this event\nmagnetic fields can be generated which, for moderate effective rotational\nfrequencies between the electron layer and the stellar body, agree with the\nmagnetic fields inferred for several Central Compact Objects (CCOs). These\nobjects could thus be comfortably interpreted as strange stars whose electron\natmospheres rotate at frequencies that are moderately different ($\\sim 10$ Hz)\nfrom the rotational frequencies of the strange star itself.\n" }, { "id": "38a0e2d7-449a-48f6-8136-2685f18c7a5b", "adv_source_id": "38a0e2d7-449a-48f6-8136-2685f18c7a5b", "source_id": "38a0e2d7-449a-48f6-8136-2685f18c7a5b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Point defects on graphene on metals", "prompt": null, "generation": " Understanding the coupling of graphene with its local environment is critical\nto be able to integrate it in tomorrow's electronic devices. Here we show how\nthe presence of a metallic substrate affects the properties of an atomically\ntailored graphene layer. We have deliberately introduced single carbon\nvacancies on a graphene monolayer grown on a Pt(111) surface and investigated\nits impact in the electronic, structural and magnetic properties of the\ngraphene layer. Our low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy studies,\ncomplemented by density functional theory, show the existence of a broad\nelectronic resonance above the Fermi energy associated with the vacancies.\nVacancy sites become reactive leading to an increase of the coupling between\nthe graphene layer and the metal substrate at these points; this gives rise to\na rapid decay of the localized state and the quenching of the magnetic moment\nassociated with carbon vacancies in free-standing graphene layers.\n" }, { "id": "cfe588d1-da13-4438-9650-484b8b7f5782", "adv_source_id": "cfe588d1-da13-4438-9650-484b8b7f5782", "source_id": "cfe588d1-da13-4438-9650-484b8b7f5782", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Millisecond microwave spikes: statistical study and application for\n plasma diagnostics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze a dense cluster of solar radio spikes registered at ~ 4.5 -- 6 GHz\nby the Purple Mountain Observatory spectrometer (Nanjing, China) operating in\nthe 4.5 -- 7.5 GHz range with the 5 ms temporal resolution. To handle with the\ndata from the spectrometer we developed a new technique utilizing a nonlinear\nmulti-Gaussian spectral fit based on chi-squared criteria to extract individual\nspikes from the originally recorded spectra. Applying this method to the\nexperimental raw data we eventually identified about 3000 spikes for this\nevent, which allows for a detailed statistical analysis. Various statistical\ncharacteristics of the spikes have been evaluated, including intensity\ndistributions, spectral bandwidth distributions, and distribution of the spike\nmean frequencies. The most striking finding of this analysis is distributions\nof the spike bandwidth, which are remarkably asymmetric. To reveal the\nunderlaying microphysics we explore the local trap model with the renormalized\ntheory of spectral profile of the electron cyclotron maser (ECM) emission peak\nin a source with random magnetic irregularities. The distribution of the solar\nspikes relative bandwidth calculated within the local trap model represents an\nexcellent fit to the experimental data. Accordingly, the developed technique\nmay offer a new tool of studying very low levels of the magnetic turbulence in\nthe spike sources, when the ECM mechanism of the spike cluster is confirmed.\n" }, { "id": "aa59ce05-55d1-496a-a660-fd14ab84a079", "adv_source_id": "aa59ce05-55d1-496a-a660-fd14ab84a079", "source_id": "aa59ce05-55d1-496a-a660-fd14ab84a079", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Production of Phase Screens for Simulation of Atmospheric Turbulence", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ability to simulate atmospheric turbulence in the lab is a crucial part\nof testing and developing astronomical adaptive optics technology. We report on\nthe development of a technique for creating phase plates, which involves the\nstrategic application of clear acrylic paint onto a transparent substrate.\nResults of interferometric characterization of these plates is described and\ncompared to Kolmogorov statistics. The range of r0 (Fried's parameter) achieved\nthus far is 0.2 - 1.2 mm, with a Kolmogorov power law. These phase plates have\nbeen successfully used by the lab for Adaptive Optics at University of\nCalifornia, Santa Cruz, in the Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics testbed, as part\nof the Villages (Visible Light Laser Guidestar Experiments) calibration system,\nand during integration and testing of the Gemini Planet Imager. This method has\nproven to be an effective and low cost means to simulate turbulence. We are now\ndistributing the plates to other members of the AO community.\n" }, { "id": "e23b41fc-7417-4899-8293-434dcdc6f8f3", "adv_source_id": "e23b41fc-7417-4899-8293-434dcdc6f8f3", "source_id": "e23b41fc-7417-4899-8293-434dcdc6f8f3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lattice Gauge Theory and (Quasi)-Conformal Technicolor", "prompt": null, "generation": " QCD with 2 flavours of massless colour-sextet quarks is studied as a theory\nwhich might exhibit a range of scales over which the running coupling constant\nevolves very slowly (walks). We simulate lattice QCD with 2 flavours of sextet\nstaggered quarks to determine whether walks, or if it has an infrared fixed\npoint, making it a conformal field theory. Our initial simulations are\nperformed at finite temperatures $T=1/N_ta$ ($N_t=4$ and $N_t=6$), which allows\nus to identify the scales of confinement and chiral-symmetry breaking from the\ndeconfinement and chiral-symmetry restoring transitions. Unlike QCD with\nfundamental quarks, these two transitions appear to be well-separated. The\nchange in coupling constants at these transitions between the two different\ntemporal extents $N_t$, is consistent with these being finite temperature\ntransitions for an asymptotically free theory, which favours walking behaviour.\nIn the deconfined phase, the Wilson Line shows a 3-state signal. Between the\nconfinement and chiral transitions, there is an additional transition where the\nstates with Wilson Lines oriented in the directions of the complex cube roots\nof unity disorder into a state with a negative Wilson Line.\n" }, { "id": "bdc8cc53-5bd2-4dcc-9b42-90f71922f803", "adv_source_id": "bdc8cc53-5bd2-4dcc-9b42-90f71922f803", "source_id": "bdc8cc53-5bd2-4dcc-9b42-90f71922f803", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory for absorption of ultrashort laser pulses by spheroidal metallic\n nanoparticles", "prompt": null, "generation": " The theory for the electric and magnetic fields energy absorption by small\nmetallic particles subjected to the irradiation by ultrashort laser pulses of\ndifferent duration in the region of surface plasmon excitation is developed.\nFor the particles of the oblate or prolate spheroidal shape there has been\nfound the dependence of the absorbed energy on a number of factors, including a\nparticle radius, a degree of the shape deviation from a spherical one, a pulse\nduration, the orientation of the magnetic field upon particle, the magnitude of\ncarrier frequency, and the value of a shift of the carrier frequency of a laser\nray from the frequency of the surface plasmon excitation in a spherical\nparticle. An appreciable absorption grows at the length of free electron pass\nlarge compared to the particle size is established. The phenomenological and\nkinetic approach is compared each with other.\n" }, { "id": "da8b171a-aee5-46c0-a1cd-a6e5e508eb6a", "adv_source_id": "da8b171a-aee5-46c0-a1cd-a6e5e508eb6a", "source_id": "da8b171a-aee5-46c0-a1cd-a6e5e508eb6a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Conditional mean embeddings as regressors - supplementary", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate an equivalence between reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS)\nembeddings of conditional distributions and vector-valued regressors. This\nconnection introduces a natural regularized loss function which the RKHS\nembeddings minimise, providing an intuitive understanding of the embeddings and\na justification for their use. Furthermore, the equivalence allows the\napplication of vector-valued regression methods and results to the problem of\nlearning conditional distributions. Using this link we derive a sparse version\nof the embedding by considering alternative formulations. Further, by applying\nconvergence results for vector-valued regression to the embedding problem we\nderive minimax convergence rates which are O(\\log(n)/n) -- compared to current\nstate of the art rates of O(n^{-1/4}) -- and are valid under milder and more\nintuitive assumptions. These minimax upper rates coincide with lower rates up\nto a logarithmic factor, showing that the embedding method achieves nearly\noptimal rates. We study our sparse embedding algorithm in a reinforcement\nlearning task where the algorithm shows significant improvement in sparsity\nover an incomplete Cholesky decomposition.\n" }, { "id": "63695ac9-2124-4d32-acf7-60eecbbb56d1", "adv_source_id": "63695ac9-2124-4d32-acf7-60eecbbb56d1", "source_id": "63695ac9-2124-4d32-acf7-60eecbbb56d1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Origin of magnetic freezing in the pyrochlore Y2Mo2O7", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigated the nature of the spin glass-like phase transition in the\ngeometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattices Y$_{2}$Mo$_{2}$O$_{7}$ using the\nlocal probes nuclear and muon magnetic resonances, and the field-dependent long\nrange probes x-ray and neutron scattering. The long range probes indicated that\nY$_{2}$Mo$_{2}$O$_{7}$ does not undergo any global symmetry changes, even in a\nfield of $6$~T. In contrast, the local signal indicates a lattice distortion\nclose to the critical temperature. The nuclei show at least two inequivalent Y\nsites, and the muons show sub-linear line broadening as a function of moment\nsize, over a wide temperature range. The conclusion from all the measurements\nis that even in high field, the distortion of Y$_{2}$Mo$_{2}$O$%_{7}$ takes\nplace within the unit-cell, while its global cubic symmetry is preserved.\nMoreover, the muon result clearly indicates the presence of magneto-elastic\ncoupling.\n" }, { "id": "7d1cf5c5-b7a9-46f6-9f50-bcb1d7b751af", "adv_source_id": "7d1cf5c5-b7a9-46f6-9f50-bcb1d7b751af", "source_id": "7d1cf5c5-b7a9-46f6-9f50-bcb1d7b751af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nuclear physics with spherically symmetric supernova models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Few years ago, Boltzmann neutrino transport led to a new and reliable\ngeneration of spherically symmetric models of stellar core collapse and\npostbounce evolution. After the failure to prove the principles of the\nsupernova explosion mechanism, these sophisticated models continue to\nilluminate the close interaction between high-density matter under extreme\nconditions and the transport of leptons and energy in general relativistically\ncurved space-time. We emphasize that very different input physics is likely to\nbe relevant for the different evolutionary phases, e.g. nuclear structure for\nweak rates in collapse, the equation of state of bulk nuclear matter during\nbounce, multidimensional plasma dynamics in the postbounce evolution, and\nneutrino cross sections in the explosive nucleosynthesis. We illustrate the\ncomplexity of the dynamics using preliminary 3D MHD high-resolution simulations\nbased on parameterized deleptonization. With established spherically symmetric\nmodels we show that typical features of the different phases are reflected in\nthe predicted neutrino signal and that a consistent neutrino flux leads to\nelectron fractions larger than 0.5 in neutrino-driven supernova ejecta.\n" }, { "id": "cca7e80d-a78a-42a0-b592-2f3c553c3ba2", "adv_source_id": "cca7e80d-a78a-42a0-b592-2f3c553c3ba2", "source_id": "cca7e80d-a78a-42a0-b592-2f3c553c3ba2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Relation between seismicity and pre-earthquake electromagnetic emissions\n in terms of energy, information and entropy content", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we show, in terms of Fisher information and approximate\nentropy, that the two strong impulsive kHz electromagnetic (EM) bursts recorder\nprior to the Athens EQ (7 September 1999, magnitude 5.9) present compatibility\nto the radar interferometry data and the seismic data analysis, which indicate\nthat two fault segments were activated during Athens EQ. The calculated Fisher\ninformation and approximate entropy content ratios closely follow the radar\ninterferometry result that the main fault segment was responsible for 80% of\nthe total energy released, while the secondary fault segment for the remaining\n20%. This experimental finding, which appears for the first time in the\nliterature, further enhances the hypothesis for the seismogenic origin of the\nanalyzed kHz EM bursts.\n" }, { "id": "3e725297-dabf-4670-828e-3e56bd11a580", "adv_source_id": "3e725297-dabf-4670-828e-3e56bd11a580", "source_id": "3e725297-dabf-4670-828e-3e56bd11a580", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Neutrons from multifragmentation reactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The neutron emission in the fragmentation of stable and radioactive Sn and La\nprojectiles of 600 MeV per nucleon has been studied with the Large Neutron\nDetector LAND coupled to the ALADIN forward spectrometer at SIS. A\ncluster-recognition algorithm is used to identify individual particles within\nthe hit distributions registered with LAND. The obtained momentum distributions\nare extrapolated over the full phase space occupied by the neutrons from the\nprojectile-spectator source. The mean multiplicities of spectator neutrons\nreach values of up to 12 and depend strongly on the isotopic composition of the\nprojectile. An effective source temperature of T approx. 3 - 4 MeV is deduced\nfrom the transverse momentum distributions.\n For the interpretation of the data, calculations with the Statistical\nMultifragmentation Model for a properly chosen ensemble of excited sources were\nperformed. The possible modification of the liquid-drop parameters of the\nfragment description in the hot environment is studied, and a significant\nreduction of the symmetry-term coefficient is found necessary to simultaneously\nreproduce the neutron multiplicities and the mean neutron-to-proton ratios\n/Z of Z <= 10 fragments. Because of the similarity of the freeze-out\nconditions with those encountered in supernova scenarios, this is of\nastrophysical interest.\n" }, { "id": "a9890af5-04b1-4c17-bdfb-ce7042ade19f", "adv_source_id": "a9890af5-04b1-4c17-bdfb-ce7042ade19f", "source_id": "a9890af5-04b1-4c17-bdfb-ce7042ade19f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pressure induced FFLO instability in multi-band superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multi-band systems as intermetallic and heavy fermion compounds have\nquasi-particles arising from different orbitals at their Fermi surface. Since\nthese quasi-particles have different masses or densities, there is a natural\nmismatch of the Fermi wave-vectors associated with different orbitals. This\nmakes these materials potential candidates to observe exotic superconducting\nphases as Sarma or FFLO phases, even in the absence of an external magnetic\nfield. The distinct orbitals coexisting at the Fermi surface are generally\nhybridized and their degree of mixing can be controlled by external pressure.\nIn this Communication we investigate the existence of an FFLO phase in a\ntwo-band BCS superconductor controlled by hybridization. At zero temperature,\nas hybridization (pressure) increases we find that the BCS state becomes\nunstable with respect to an inhomogeneous superconducting state characterized\nby a single wave-vector q.\n" }, { "id": "1d77f4b1-98e4-482b-abda-a62760786dd8", "adv_source_id": "1d77f4b1-98e4-482b-abda-a62760786dd8", "source_id": "1d77f4b1-98e4-482b-abda-a62760786dd8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bounds on long-lived charged massive particles from Big Bang\n nucleosynthesis", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the presence of charged massive\nparticles (CHAMPs) is studied in detail. All currently known effects due to the\nexistence of bound states between CHAMPs and nuclei, including possible\nlate-time destruction of Li6 and Li7 are included. The study sets conservative\nbounds on CHAMP abundances in the decay time range 3x10^2 sec - 10^12 sec. It\nis stressed that the production of Li6 at early times T ~ 10keV is\noverestimated by a factor ~ 10 when the approximation of the Saha equation for\nthe He4 bound state fraction is utilised. To obtain conservative limits on the\nabundance of CHAMPs, a Monte-Carlo analysis with ~ 3x10^6 independent BBN runs,\nvarying reaction rates of nineteen different reactions, is performed (see\nattached erratum, however). The analysis yields the surprising result that\nexcept for small areas in the particle parameter space conservative constraints\non the abundance of decaying charged particles are currently very close to\nthose of neutral particles. It is shown that, in case a number of heretofore\nunconsidered reactions may be determined reliably in future, it is conceivable\nthat the limit on CHAMPs in the early Universe could be tightened by orders of\nmagnitude. An ERRATUM gives limits on primordial CHAMP densities when the by\nRef. Kamimura et al. recently more accurately determined CHAMP reaction rates\nare employed.\n" }, { "id": "141b68a1-6229-46ac-b306-9308848c096c", "adv_source_id": "141b68a1-6229-46ac-b306-9308848c096c", "source_id": "141b68a1-6229-46ac-b306-9308848c096c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fractal Relativity, Generalized Noether Theorem and New Research of\n Space-Time", "prompt": null, "generation": " First, let the fractal dimension D=n(integer)+d(decimal), so the fractal\ndimensional matrix was represented by a usual matrix adds a special decimal row\n(column). We researched that mathematics, for example, the fractal dimensional\nlinear algebra, and physics may be developed to fractal and the complex\ndimension extended from fractal. From this the fractal relativity is discussed,\nwhich connects with self-similarity Universe and the extensive quantum theory.\nThe space dimension has been extended from real number to superreal and complex\nnumber. Combining the quaternion, etc., the high dimensional time is\nintroduced. Such the vector and irreversibility of time are derived. Then the\nfractal dimensional time is obtained, and space and time possess completely\nsymmetry. It may be constructed preliminarily that the higher dimensional,\nfractal, complex and supercomplex space-time theory covers all. We propose a\ngeneralized Noether theorem, and irreversibility of time should correspond to\nnon-conservation of a certain quantity. Resumed reversibility of time and\npossible decrease of entropy are discussed. Finally, we obtain the quantitative\nrelations between energy-mass and space-time, which is consistent with the\nspace-time uncertainty relation in string theory.\n" }, { "id": "5c3de6dd-8880-475e-a99f-8d22dc238580", "adv_source_id": "5c3de6dd-8880-475e-a99f-8d22dc238580", "source_id": "5c3de6dd-8880-475e-a99f-8d22dc238580", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Combined analysis of meson channels with I=1, C = -1 from 1940 to 2410\n MeV", "prompt": null, "generation": " New Crystal Barrel data are reported for pbar-p -> omega-pizero and pbar-p ->\nomega eta-pizero with omega decaying to piplus-piminus-pizero. The shapes of\nangular distributions agree well with those for data where omega ->\npizero-gamma; this is a valuable cross-check on systematic errors. The new data\nprovide good measurements of vector and tensor polarisations P_y, T20, T21 and\nT22 of the omega. These lead to significant improvements in parameters of\nseveral resonances reported earlier. New values of masses and widths (in Mev)\nare: J^PC = 5^-- (2300+-45, 260+-75), J^PC = 3^-- (2260+-20, 160+-25), J^PC =\n1^+- (2240+-35, 320+-85), and J^PC = 1^-- (2110+-35, 230+-50). A remarkable\nfeature of the data is that vector polarisation P_y is close to zero\neverywhere. It follows that all interfering amplitudes have relative phases\nclose to 0 or 180 deg. Tensor polarisations are large.\n" }, { "id": "30b5cc59-397d-495b-8275-f164eff626c3", "adv_source_id": "30b5cc59-397d-495b-8275-f164eff626c3", "source_id": "30b5cc59-397d-495b-8275-f164eff626c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic structure of LaBr3 from quasi-particle self-consistent GW\n calculations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Rare-earth based scintillators in general and lanthanum bromide (LaBr_3) in\nparticular represent a challenging class of materials due to pronounced\nspin-orbit coupling and subtle interactions between d and f states that cannot\nbe reproduced by standard density functional theory (DFT). Here a detailed\ninvestigation of the electronic band structure of LaBr_3 using the\nquasi-particle self-consistent GW (QPscGW) method is presented. This\nparameter-free approach is shown to yield an excellent description of the\nelectronic structure of LaBr_3. Specifically it is able to reproduce the band\ngap, the correct level ordering and spacing of the 4f and 5d states, as well as\nthe spin-orbit splitting of La-derived states. The QPscGW results are\nsubsequently used to benchmark several computationally less demanding\ntechniques including DFT+U, hybrid exchange-correlation functionals, and the\nG_0W_0 method. Spin-orbit coupling is included self-consistently at each QPscGW\niteration and maximally localized Wannier functions are used to interpolate\nquasi-particle energies. The QPscGW results provide an excellent starting point\nfor investigating the electronic structure of excited states, charge\nself-trapping, and activator ions in LaBr_3 and related materials.\n" }, { "id": "a05a6465-15e6-4116-827e-ba802b96d7d0", "adv_source_id": "a05a6465-15e6-4116-827e-ba802b96d7d0", "source_id": "a05a6465-15e6-4116-827e-ba802b96d7d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Drell-Yan Lepton-Pair-Jet Correlation in pA collisions", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we numerically study the forward correlations between the\nlepton-pair and associated hadrons in Drell-Yan process in pA collisions. Using\nthe present knowledge of the dipole gluon distribution from the modified\nGolec-Biernat-W\\\"{u}sthoff model and from the solution of the\nBalitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation, we are able to compute and predict the\nforward correlations between the lepton-pair and associated hadron in Drell-Yan\nprocess at RHIC and LHC. Similar to the forward dihadron correlation in d-Au\ncollisions measured at RHIC, the Drell-Yan type correlation also implies a\nstrong suppression of the away side hadron at forward rapidity due to the\nstrong interaction between the forward quark from the projectile proton and the\ngluon density from the target nucleus. Another feature of this process is that\nthe correlation contains a double-peak structure in the away side, which makes\nit a unique observable.\n" }, { "id": "c6f02e98-e6be-4797-a95b-eb9b53f9d44b", "adv_source_id": "c6f02e98-e6be-4797-a95b-eb9b53f9d44b", "source_id": "c6f02e98-e6be-4797-a95b-eb9b53f9d44b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "SO(3)-monopoles: The overlap problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " The SO(3)-monopole program, initiated by Pidstrigatch and Tyurin\n[arXiv:dg-ga/9507004], yields a relationship between the Donaldson and\nSeiberg-Witten invariants through a cobordism between the moduli spaces\ndefining these invariants. The main technical difficulty in this program lies\nin describing the links of singularities in this cobordism arising from the\nSeiberg-Witten moduli subspaces. In related articles, we defined maps which,\nessentially, define normal bundles of strata of these singularities. The link\nin question is then the boundary of the union of the tubular neighborhoods\nassociated with these normal bundles. However, the SO(3)-monopole program\nrequires the computation of intersection numbers with links where more than one\nstratum appears in the family of singularities and thus more than one tubular\nneighborhood appears in the definition of the link. Computations of\nintersection numbers in unions of open sets have proved difficult for even two\nopen sets, as early work of Leness [arXiv:dg-ga/9603016] and Ozsvath [1994]\ndemonstrated. In this note, we give a brief introduction to our monograph\n[arXiv:math/0203047], in which we implement these computations.\n" }, { "id": "b9249bb3-9046-494b-afa6-819c0afa9e3b", "adv_source_id": "b9249bb3-9046-494b-afa6-819c0afa9e3b", "source_id": "b9249bb3-9046-494b-afa6-819c0afa9e3b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non thermal emission from microquasar/ISM interaction", "prompt": null, "generation": " The interaction of microquasar jets with their environment can produce\nnon-thermal radiation as is the case for extragalactic outflows impacting on\ntheir surroundings. We have developed an analytical model based on those\nsuccessfully applied to extragalactic sources. The jet is taken to be a\nsupersonic and mildly relativistic hydrodynamical outflow. We focus on the\njet/shocked medium structure when being in its adiabatic phase, and assume that\nit grows in a self-similar way. We calculate the fluxes and spectra of the\nradiation produced via synchrotron, Inverse Compton and relativistic\nBremsstrahlung processes by electrons accelerated in strong shocks. A\nhydrodynamical simulation is also performed to further investigate the jet\ninteraction with the environment and check the physical parameters used in the\nanalytical model. We conclude that microquasar jet termination regions could be\ndetectable at radio wavelengths for current instruments sensitive to arcminute\nscales while at X-rays the expected luminosities are moderate, although the\nemitter is more compact than the radio one. The radiation at gamma-ray energies\nmay be within the detection limits of the next generation of satellite and\nground-based instruments.\n" }, { "id": "a0459f60-e759-4286-ab2d-df95efb10e64", "adv_source_id": "a0459f60-e759-4286-ab2d-df95efb10e64", "source_id": "a0459f60-e759-4286-ab2d-df95efb10e64", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics of vortex glass phase in strongly type II superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Dynamics of vortices in strongly type-II superconductors with strong disorder\nis investigated within the frustrated three-dimensional XY model. For two\ntypical models in [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 91}, 077002 (2003)] and [Phys. Rev. B\n{\\bf 68}, 220502(R) (2003)], a strong evidence for the finite temperature\nvortex glass transition in the unscreened limit is provided by performing\nlarge-scale dynamical simulations. The obtained correlation length exponents\nand the dynamic exponents in both models are different from each other and from\nthose in the three-dimensional gauge glass model. In addition, a genuine\ncontinuous depinning transition is observed at zero temperature for both\nmodels. A scaling analysis for the thermal rounding of the depinning transition\nshows a non-Arrhenius type creep motion in the vortex glass phase, contrarily\nto the recent studies..\n" }, { "id": "558f2718-0bae-4f6c-8b7d-38bc3a58c76b", "adv_source_id": "558f2718-0bae-4f6c-8b7d-38bc3a58c76b", "source_id": "558f2718-0bae-4f6c-8b7d-38bc3a58c76b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamical Response of Nanomechanical Resonators to Biomolecular\n Interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We studied the dynamical response of a nanomechanical resonator to\nbiomolecular (e.g. DNA) adsorptions on a resonator's surface by using a\ntheoretical model, which considers the Hamiltonian H such that the potential\nenergy consists of elastic bending energy of a resonator and the potential\nenergy for biomolecular interactions. It was shown that the resonant frequency\nshift of a resonator due to biomolecular adsorption depends on not only the\nmass of adsorbed biomolecules but also the biomolecular interactions.\nSpecifically, for dsDNA adsorption on a resonator's surface, the resonant\nfrequency shift is also dependent on the ionic strength of a solvent, implying\nthe role of molecular interactions on the dynamic behavior of a resonator. This\nindicates that nanomechanical resonators may enable one to quantify the\nbiomolecular mass, implying the enumeration of biomolecules, as well as gain\ninsight into intermolecular interactions between adsorbed biomolecules on the\nsurface.\n" }, { "id": "6ccff0b9-8137-4686-9c6f-7c4bbdb7f25c", "adv_source_id": "6ccff0b9-8137-4686-9c6f-7c4bbdb7f25c", "source_id": "6ccff0b9-8137-4686-9c6f-7c4bbdb7f25c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the longest length of arithmetic progressions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Suppose that $\\xi^{(n)}_1,\\xi^{(n)}_2,...,\\xi^{(n)}_n$ are i.i.d with\n$P(\\xi^{(n)}_i=1)=p_n=1-P(\\xi^{(n)}_i=0)$. Let $U^{(n)}$ and $W^{(n)}$ be the\nlongest length of arithmetic progressions and of arithmetic progressions mod\n$n$ relative to $\\xi^{(n)}_1,\\xi^{(n)}_2,..., \\xi^{(n)}_n$ respectively.\nFirstly, the asymptotic distributions of $U^{(n)}$ and $W^{(n)}$ are given.\nSimultaneously, the errors are estimated by using Chen-Stein method. Next, the\nalmost surely limits are discussed when all $p_n$ are equal and when considered\non a common probability space. Finally, we consider the case that\n$\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}p_n=0$ and $\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}{np_n}=\\infty$. We prove that as\n$n$ tends to $\\infty$, the probability that $U^{(n)}$ takes two numbers and\n$W^{(n)}$ takes three numbers tends to 1.\n" }, { "id": "dca4b08a-bcad-4094-a680-3c8a234ce708", "adv_source_id": "dca4b08a-bcad-4094-a680-3c8a234ce708", "source_id": "dca4b08a-bcad-4094-a680-3c8a234ce708", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-linear structure formation and the acoustic scale", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present high signal-to-noise measurements of the acoustic scale in the\npresence of nonlinear growth and redshift distortions using 320(Gpc/h)^3 of\ncosmological PM simulations. Using simple fitting methods, we obtain robust\nmeasurements of the acoustic scale with scatter close to that predicted by the\nFisher matrix. We detect and quantify the shift in the acoustic scale by\nanalyzing the power spectrum: we detect at greater than 5 sigma a decrease in\nthe acoustic scale in the real-space matter power spectrum of 0.2% at z=1.5,\ngrowing to 0.45% at z=0.3. In redshift space, the shifts are about 25% larger:\nwe detect a decrease of 0.25% of at z=1.5 and 0.54% at z=0.3. Despite the\nnonzero amounts, these shifts are highly predictable numerically, and hence\nremovable within the standard ruler analysis of clustering data. Moreover, we\nshow that a simple density-field reconstruction method substantially reduces\nthe scatter and nonlinear shifts of the acoustic scale measurements: the shifts\nare reduced to less than 0.1% at z=0.3-1.5, even in the presence of\nnon-negligible shot noise. Finally, we show that the ratio of the cosmological\ndistance to the sound horizon that would be inferred from these fits is robust\nto variations in the parameterization of the fitting method and reasonable\ndifferences in the template cosmology.\n" }, { "id": "afbcdabc-cc80-4487-b9bc-a85395d0eb58", "adv_source_id": "afbcdabc-cc80-4487-b9bc-a85395d0eb58", "source_id": "afbcdabc-cc80-4487-b9bc-a85395d0eb58", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-relativistic Lee Model on two Dimensional Riemannian Manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " This work is a continuation of our previous work (JMP, Vol. 48, 12, pp.\n122103-1-122103-20, 2007), where we constructed the non-relativistic Lee model\nin three dimensional Riemannian manifolds. Here we renormalize the two\ndimensional version by using the same methods and the results are shortly given\nsince the calculations are basically the same as in the three dimensional\nmodel. We also show that the ground state energy is bounded from below due to\nthe upper bound of the heat kernel for compact and Cartan-Hadamard manifolds.\nIn contrast to the construction of the model and the proof of the lower bound\nof the ground state energy, the mean field approximation to the two dimensional\nmodel is not similar to the one in three dimensions and it requires a deeper\nanalysis, which is the main result of this paper.\n" }, { "id": "7a984b13-e8b0-4ccf-96b0-e4244d13f776", "adv_source_id": "7a984b13-e8b0-4ccf-96b0-e4244d13f776", "source_id": "7a984b13-e8b0-4ccf-96b0-e4244d13f776", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of correlations in strongly interacting fluids of two-dimensional\n dipolar bosons", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ground-state properties of a two-dimensional fluid of bosons with repulsive\ndipole-dipole interactions are studied by means of the Euler-Lagrange\nhypernetted-chain approximation. We present a self-consistent semi-analytical\ntheory of the pair distribution function $g(r)$ and ground-state energy of this\nsystem. Our approach is based on the solution of a zero-energy scattering\nSchr\\\"{o}dinger equation for the \"pair amplitude\" $\\sqrt{g(r)}$ with an\neffective potential from Jastrow-Feenberg correlations. We find excellent\nagreement with quantum Monte Carlo results over a wide range of coupling\nstrength, nearly up to the critical coupling for the liquid-to-crystal quantum\nphase transition. We also calculate the one-body density matrix and related\nquantities, such as the momentum distribution function and the condensate\nfraction.\n" }, { "id": "5d67fd02-130b-4df5-ba72-6a4414844b0a", "adv_source_id": "5d67fd02-130b-4df5-ba72-6a4414844b0a", "source_id": "5d67fd02-130b-4df5-ba72-6a4414844b0a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multi-walker discrete time quantum walks on arbitrary graphs, their\n properties, and their photonic implementation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum walks have emerged as an interesting alternative to the usual circuit\nmodel for quantum computing. While still universal for quantum computing, the\nquantum walk model has very different physical requirements, which lends itself\nmore naturally to some physical implementations, such as linear optics.\nNumerous authors have considered walks with one or two walkers, on one\ndimensional graphs, and several experimental demonstrations have been\nperformed. In this paper we discuss generalizing the model of discrete time\nquantum walks to the case of an arbitrary number of walkers acting on arbitrary\ngraph structures. We present a formalism which allows for analysis of such\nsituations, and several example scenarios for how our techniques can be\napplied. We consider the most important features of quantum walks --\nmeasurement, distinguishability, characterization, and the distinction between\nclassical and quantum interference. We also discuss the potential for physical\nimplementation in the context of linear optics, which is of relevance to\npresent day experiments.\n" }, { "id": "618f6950-9f48-4b9f-8979-f502e82abe0f", "adv_source_id": "618f6950-9f48-4b9f-8979-f502e82abe0f", "source_id": "618f6950-9f48-4b9f-8979-f502e82abe0f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effects of Chirped Laser Pulses on Nonclassical Correlation and\n Entanglement of Photon Pairs from Single Atom", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the effects of arbitrary laser pulse excitations on quantum\ncorrelation, entanglement and the role of quantum noise. The transient\nquantities are computed exactly using a method that provides exact solutions of\nthe Langevin field operators for photon pairs produced by a double Raman atom\ndriven by laser pulses. Short pulses with appropriate chirping, delay and/or\ndetuning can generate broadband photon pairs and yield results that provide\ninsights on how to generate very large nonclassical correlation. We find that\nshort pulses are not favorable for entanglement. The quantity was previously\nfound to be phase-sensitive and this is used with the pulse area concept to\nexplain the rapid variations of entanglement with pulse width and strength.\nPhoton correlation and entanglement are favored by exclusively two different\ninitial conditions. Analysis reinforces our understanding of the two\nnonclassical concepts.\n" }, { "id": "d35c1807-1543-4319-b860-82812e7e818b", "adv_source_id": "d35c1807-1543-4319-b860-82812e7e818b", "source_id": "d35c1807-1543-4319-b860-82812e7e818b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of Round Off Errors with Reversibility Test as a Dynamical\n Indicator", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compare the divergence of orbits and the reversibility error for discrete\ntime dynamical systems. These two quantities are used to explore the behavior\nof the global error induced by round off in the computation of orbits. The\nsimilarity of results found for any system we have analysed suggests the use of\nthe reversibility error, whose computation is straightforward since it does not\nrequire the knowledge of the exact orbit, as a dynamical indicator. The\nstatistics of fluctuations induced by round off for an ensemble of initial\nconditions has been compared with the results obtained in the case of random\nperturbations. Significant differences are observed in the case of regular\norbits due to the correlations of round off error, whereas the results obtained\nfor the chaotic case are nearly the same. Both the reversibility error and the\norbit divergence computed for the same number of iterations on the whole phase\nspace provide an insight on the local dynamical properties with a detail\ncomparable with other dynamical indicators based on variational methods such as\nthe finite time maximum Lyapunov characteristic exponent, the mean exponential\ngrowth factor of nearby orbits and the smaller alignment index. For 2D\nsymplectic maps the differentiation between regular and chaotic regions is well\nfull-filled. For 4D symplectic maps the structure of the resonance web as well\nas the nearby weakly chaotic regions are accurately described.\n" }, { "id": "b2f24fdd-7eff-4c5a-b0e8-4543aad49fc7", "adv_source_id": "b2f24fdd-7eff-4c5a-b0e8-4543aad49fc7", "source_id": "b2f24fdd-7eff-4c5a-b0e8-4543aad49fc7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hadrons in Nuclei: Experiments and Perspectives", "prompt": null, "generation": " The question of the origin of hadron masses is one major issue in the\nunderstanding of the strong interaction. The challenge is addressed by\nsearching for indications of in-medium modifications of hadron properties and\nstudying hadrons in nuclei. The quest driving in-medium studies is to\nunderstand the origin of hadron masses in the context of spontaneous chiral\nsymmetry breaking.\n The experimental status of the modification of hadron properties in the\nnuclear medium is discussed including experiments using hadron, heavy-ion, and\nphoton beams. Particular emphasis is put on the production of light mesons from\nnuclei.\n A number of experimental programs is underway to provide a detailed\ncomparison of properties of free hadrons and hadrons embedded in nuclei. The\nexisting experimental efforts are discussed and possibilities are introduced\nfor the new WASA-at-COSY facility, initially focussed on investigations of\nsymmetries and symmetry breaking, to contribute to the field.\n" }, { "id": "fa93c148-5a2c-4b05-a1c5-cc3c2f411a43", "adv_source_id": "fa93c148-5a2c-4b05-a1c5-cc3c2f411a43", "source_id": "fa93c148-5a2c-4b05-a1c5-cc3c2f411a43", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First observation of the isospin violating decay $J/\\psi\\rightarrow\n \\Lambda\\bar{\\Sigma}^{0}+c.c.$", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using a sample of $(225.2\\pm 2.8)\\times 10^6$ $J/\\psi$ events collected with\nthe BESIII detector, we present results of a study of $J/\\psi\\rightarrow\n\\gamma\\Lambda\\bar{\\Lambda}$ and report the first observation of the isospin\nviolating decay $J/\\psi\\rightarrow\\Lambda\\bar{\\Sigma}^{0}+c.c.$, in which\n$\\bar{\\Sigma}^{0}$ decays to $\\gamma \\bar{\\Lambda}$. The measured branching\nfractions are $\\mathcal{B}(J/\\psi\\rightarrow\\bar{\\Lambda}\\Sigma^{0}$) =\n$(1.46\\pm0.11\\pm0.12) \\times10^{-5}$ and\n$\\mathcal{B}(J/\\psi\\rightarrow\\Lambda\\bar{\\Sigma^{0}}$) = $(1.37\\pm0.12\\pm0.11)\n\\times10^{-5}$. We search for $\\Lambda(1520) \\rightarrow \\gamma \\Lambda$ decay,\nand find no evident signal, and an upper limit for the product branching\nfraction $\\mathcal{B}(J/\\psi\\rightarrow\\Lambda\\bar{\\Lambda}(1520)+c.c.)\\times\n\\mathcal{B}(\\Lambda(1520)\\rightarrow\\gamma\\Lambda)<4.1 \\times10^{-6}$ is set at\nthe 90% confidence level. We also report the observation of\n$\\eta_{c}\\rightarrow\\Lambda\\bar{\\Lambda}$ in $J/\\psi \\rightarrow \\gamma\n\\eta_{c}$, $\\eta_{c}\\rightarrow\\Lambda\\bar{\\Lambda}$ and measure the branching\nfraction $\\mathcal{B}(\\eta_{c}\\rightarrow\\Lambda\\bar{\\Lambda}) =(1.16\\pm0.12\n(stat)\\pm0.19(syst)\\pm0.28(PDG))\\times10^{-3}$.\n" }, { "id": "cac1f4a5-f563-430c-abff-82a63f0a653f", "adv_source_id": "cac1f4a5-f563-430c-abff-82a63f0a653f", "source_id": "cac1f4a5-f563-430c-abff-82a63f0a653f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transit Probabilities for Stars With Stellar Inclination Constraints", "prompt": null, "generation": " The probability that an exoplanet transits its host star is high for planets\nin close orbits, but drops off rapidly for increasing semimajor axes. This\nmakes transit surveys for planets with large semimajor axes orbiting bright\nstars impractical, since one would need to continuously observe hundreds of\nstars that are spread out over the entire sky. One way to make such a survey\ntractable is to constrain the inclination of the stellar rotation axes in\nadvance, and thereby enhance the transit probabilities. We derive transit\nprobabilities for stars with stellar inclination constraints, considering a\nreasonable range of planetary system inclinations. We find that stellar\ninclination constraints can improve the transit probability by almost an order\nof magnitude for habitable-zone planets. When applied to an ensemble of stars,\nsuch constraints dramatically lower the number of stars that need to be\nobserved in a targeted transit survey. We also consider multiplanet systems\nwhere only one planet has an identified transit, and derive the transit\nprobabilities for the second planet assuming a range of mutual planetary\ninclinations.\n" }, { "id": "dfaa5ff9-4fa9-476e-b6eb-00f6c50f633e", "adv_source_id": "dfaa5ff9-4fa9-476e-b6eb-00f6c50f633e", "source_id": "dfaa5ff9-4fa9-476e-b6eb-00f6c50f633e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Frequency locking of modulated waves", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the behavior of a modulated wave solution to an\n$\\mathbb{S}^1$-equivariant autonomous system of differential equations under an\nexternal forcing of modulated wave type. The modulation frequency of the\nforcing is assumed to be close to the modulation frequency of the modulated\nwave solution, while the wave frequency of the forcing is supposed to be far\nfrom that of the modulated wave solution. We describe the domain in the\nthree-dimensional control parameter space (of frequencies and amplitude of the\nforcing) where stable locking of the modulation frequencies of the forcing and\nthe modulated wave solution occurs.\n Our system is a simplest case scenario for the behavior of self-pulsating\nlasers under the influence of external periodically modulated optical signals.\n" }, { "id": "2c082e1a-493b-4a34-bb79-6c1a02049e90", "adv_source_id": "2c082e1a-493b-4a34-bb79-6c1a02049e90", "source_id": "2c082e1a-493b-4a34-bb79-6c1a02049e90", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "CT to Cone-beam CT Deformable Registration With Simultaneous Intensity\n Correction", "prompt": null, "generation": " Computed tomography (CT) to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) deformable\nimage registration (DIR) is a crucial step in adaptive radiation therapy.\nCurrent intensity-based registration algorithms, such as demons, may fail in\nthe context of CT-CBCT DIR because of inconsistent intensities between the two\nmodalities. In this paper, we propose a variant of demons, called Deformation\nwith Intensity Simultaneously Corrected (DISC), to deal with CT-CBCT DIR. DISC\ndistinguishes itself from the original demons algorithm by performing an\nadaptive intensity correction step on the CBCT image at every iteration step of\nthe demons registration. Specifically, the intensity correction of a voxel in\nCBCT is achieved by matching the first and the second moments of the voxel\nintensities inside a patch around the voxel with those on the CT image. It is\nexpected that such a strategy can remove artifacts in the CBCT image, as well\nas ensuring the intensity consistency between the two modalities. DISC is\nimplemented on computer graphics processing units (GPUs) in compute unified\ndevice architecture (CUDA) programming environment. The performance of DISC is\nevaluated on a simulated patient case and six clinical head-and-neck cancer\npatient data. It is found that DISC is robust against the CBCT artifacts and\nintensity inconsistency and significantly improves the registration accuracy\nwhen compared with the original demons.\n" }, { "id": "ca98de7b-5097-480f-95f3-ed95ef8ed32b", "adv_source_id": "ca98de7b-5097-480f-95f3-ed95ef8ed32b", "source_id": "ca98de7b-5097-480f-95f3-ed95ef8ed32b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Approche p\\'edagogique sur l'innocuit\\'e des technologies de r\\'eseaux\n sans fil", "prompt": null, "generation": " The wireless networks technologies are becoming more prevalent. As part of\nour courses, we have to deal with the technical aspects of these technologies.\nHowever, the experience of mobile telephony has shown fears that these products\ncan lead to the general public. The latter comes from the use of\nelectromagnetic waves at frequencies close to the frequencies of microwaves\noven(2.45 GHz). Studies are under way for years in order to identify the\npossible effects on the body related to prolonged use of mobile phones.\nWireless networks like WiFi or ZigBee for example works with microwave\nfrequencies. On the other hand, problems relating to electromagnetic\ncompatibility waves with the electronic devices must also be studied. The\nquestion of the safety of these technologies must be addressed with the\nstudents. They will may need to install such equipment. We have integrated the\nteaching of wireless networks in a chapter dealing with current standards of\nexposure to electromagnetic waves for living beings and the electronic devices.\nThe aim of our approach is the obtention of knowledges by the student. so he\nwill be able to form an opinion and to provide a speech enlightened to future\nusers of these networks. To this end, we have developed a visualization tool\nfor the distribution of electromagnetic fields. This tool being used will help\nyou understand the electromagnetic environment in which we live and quantify\nthe values of electromagnetic fields (telephony, television, radio, WiFi,\nBluetooth, ZigBee, microwave oven, etc.).\n" }, { "id": "d780653f-2f66-432f-84f5-53e5314c7e61", "adv_source_id": "d780653f-2f66-432f-84f5-53e5314c7e61", "source_id": "d780653f-2f66-432f-84f5-53e5314c7e61", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transport properties and anisotropy in rare earth doped CaFe2As2 single\n crystals with Tc above 40 K", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we report the superconductivity above 40 K in the electron\ndoping single crystal Ca1-xRexFe2As2 (Re = La, Ce, Pr). The x-ray diffraction\npatterns indicate high crystalline quality and c-axis orientation. the\nresistivity anomaly in the parent compound CaFe2As2 is completely suppressed by\npartial replacement of Ca by rare earth and a superconducting transition\nreaches as high as 43 K, which is higher than the value in electron doping\nFeAs-122 compounds by substituting Fe ions with transition metal, even\nsurpasses the highest values observed in hole doping systems with a transition\ntemperature up to 38 K. The upper critical field has been determined with the\nmagnetic field along ab-plane and c-axis, yielding the anisotropy of 2~3.\nHall-effect measurements indicate that the conduction in this material is\ndominated by electron like charge carriers. Our results explicitly demonstrate\nthe feasibility of inducing superconductivity in Ca122 compounds via electron\ndoping using aliovalent rare earth substitution into the alkaline earth site,\nwhich should add more ingredients to the underlying physics of the iron-based\nsuperconductors.\n" }, { "id": "d478c807-07b8-4610-bb49-3796d3ecac6f", "adv_source_id": "d478c807-07b8-4610-bb49-3796d3ecac6f", "source_id": "d478c807-07b8-4610-bb49-3796d3ecac6f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New approach to solution generation using SL(2,R)-duality of a\n dimensionally reduced space in five-dimensional minimal supergravity and new\n black holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dimensional reduction of (the bosonic sector of) five-dimensional minimal\nsupergravity to four dimensions leads to a theory with a massless axion and a\ndilaton coupled to gravity and two U(1) gauge fields (one of which has\nChern-Simons coupling), whose field equations have SL(2,R)-invariance.\nUtilizing this SL(2,R)-duality, we provide a new formalism for solution\ngeneration. As an example, applying it to the Rasheed solution, which are known\nto describe dyonic rotating black holes (from the four-dimensional point of\nview) of five-dimensional pure gravity, we obtain rotating Kaluza-Klein black\nhole solutions in five-dimensional minimal supergravity. We also show that the\nsolutions have six charges: mass, angular momentum, Kaluza-Klein\nelectric/magnetic charges and electric/magnetic charges of the Maxwell field,\nfour of which are related by a constraint.\n" }, { "id": "de65de4c-031f-4d11-9664-a0f565d8636f", "adv_source_id": "de65de4c-031f-4d11-9664-a0f565d8636f", "source_id": "de65de4c-031f-4d11-9664-a0f565d8636f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orbital X-ray modulation study of three Supergiant HMXBs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the orbital X-ray modulation study of three high mass X- ray\nbinary systems, IGR J18027-2016, IGR J18483-0311 and IGR J16318-4848 using data\nobtained with RXTE-ASM, Swift-BAT and INTEGRAL-ISGRI. Using the long term light\ncurves of the eclipsing HMXB IGR J18027-2016, obtained with Swift-BAT in the\nenergy range 15-50 keV and INTEGRAL-ISGRI in the energy range 22-40 keV, we\nhave determined three new mid eclipse times. The newly determined mid eclipse\ntimes together with the known values were used to derive an accurate value of\nthe orbital period of 4.5693(4) d at MJD 52168 and an upper limit of\n3.9(1.2)x10^-7 d d^-1 on the period derivative. We have also accurately\ndetermined an orbital period of 18.5482(88) d for the intermediate system IGR\nJ18483-0311, which displays an unusual behaviour and shares many properties\nwith the known SFXTs and persistent supergiant systems. This is a transient\nsource and the outbursts occur intermittently at intervals of 18.55 d.\nSimilarly, in the third supergiant system, IGR J16318-4848, we have found that\nthe outbursts are separated by intervals of 80 d or its multiples, suggesting a\npossible orbital period.\n" }, { "id": "f408c738-3477-4335-9ca1-b0fa9ac8cff9", "adv_source_id": "f408c738-3477-4335-9ca1-b0fa9ac8cff9", "source_id": "f408c738-3477-4335-9ca1-b0fa9ac8cff9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhancement of quark number susceptibility with an alternative pattern\n of chiral symmetry breaking in dense matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore a possible phase where chiral $SU(2)_L \\times SU(2)_R$ symmetry is\nspontaneously broken while its center $Z_2$ symmetry remains unbroken and its\nconsequence on thermal quantities. In this phase, chiral symmetry breaking is\ndriven by a quartic quark condensate although a bilinear quark condensate\nvanishes. A Ginzburg-Landau free energy leads to a new tricritical point (TCP)\nbetween the $Z_2$ broken and unbroken phases. Furthermore, a critical point can\nappear even in the chiral limit where explicit breaking is turned off, instead\nof a TCP at which restoration of chiral and its center symmetries takes place\nsimultaneously. The net quark number density exhibits an abrupt change near the\nrestoration of the center symmetry rather than that of the chiral symmetry.\nHadron masses in possible phases are also studied in a linear sigma model. We\nshow that, in the $Z_2$ symmetric phase, the $\\bar{q}q$-type scalar meson with\nzero isospin I=0 splits from the $\\bar{q}q$-type pseudoscalar meson with I=1.\n" }, { "id": "a5fd2f9f-aedf-44bc-9cde-45bd03084aac", "adv_source_id": "a5fd2f9f-aedf-44bc-9cde-45bd03084aac", "source_id": "a5fd2f9f-aedf-44bc-9cde-45bd03084aac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The self-propelled Brownian spinning top: dynamics of a biaxial swimmer\n at low Reynolds numbers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, the Brownian dynamics of self-propelled (active) rod-like particles\nwas explored to model the motion of colloidal microswimmers,\ncatalytically-driven nanorods, and bacteria. Here, we generalize this\ndescription to biaxial particles with arbitrary shape and derive the\ncorresponding Langevin equation for a self-propelled Brownian spinning top. The\nbiaxial swimmer is exposed to a hydrodynamic Stokes friction force at low\nReynolds numbers, to fluctuating random forces and torques as well as to an\nexternal and an internal (effective) force and torque. The latter quantities\ncontrol its self-propulsion. Due to biaxiality and hydrodynamic\ntranslational-rotational coupling, the Langevin equation can only be solved\nnumerically. In the special case of an orthotropic particle in the absence of\nexternal forces and torques, the noise-free (zero-temperature) trajectory is\nanalytically found to be a circular helix. This trajectory is confirmed\nnumerically to be more complex in the general case involving a transient\nirregular motion before ending up in a simple periodic motion. By contrast, if\nthe external force vanishes, no transient regime is found and the particle\nmoves on a superhelical trajectory. For orthotropic particles, the\nnoise-averaged trajectory is a generalized concho-spiral. We furthermore study\nthe reduction of the model to two spatial dimensions and classify the\nnoise-free trajectories completely finding circles, straight lines with and\nwithout transients, as well as cycloids and arbitrary periodic trajectories.\n" }, { "id": "00b75560-22e5-415a-9328-7eb7d3bfb3e8", "adv_source_id": "00b75560-22e5-415a-9328-7eb7d3bfb3e8", "source_id": "00b75560-22e5-415a-9328-7eb7d3bfb3e8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlocal Inflation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the possibility of realizing inflation in nonlocal field theories\ncontaining infinitely many derivatives. Such constructions arise naturally in\nstring field theory and also in a number of toy models, such as the p-adic\nstring. After reviewing the complications (ghosts and instabilities) that arise\nwhen working with high derivative theories we discuss the initial value problem\nand perturbative stability of theories with infinitely many derivatives. Next,\nwe examine the inflationary dynamics and phenomenology of such theories.\nNonlocal inflation can proceed even when the potential is naively too steep and\ngenerically predicts large nongaussianity in the Cosmic Microwave Background.\n" }, { "id": "5f97dc79-5a4a-463c-a368-bed07eb3f9b8", "adv_source_id": "5f97dc79-5a4a-463c-a368-bed07eb3f9b8", "source_id": "5f97dc79-5a4a-463c-a368-bed07eb3f9b8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of diffuse radio emission in the galaxy clusters A800, A910,\n A1550, and CL1446+26", "prompt": null, "generation": " Radio halos are elusive sources located at the center of merging galaxy\nclusters. To date, only about 40 radio halos are known, thus the discovery of\nnew halos provide important insights on this class of sources. To improve the\nstatistics of radio halos, we investigated the radio continuum emission in a\nsample of galaxy clusters. We analyzed archival Very Large Array observations\nat 1.4 GHz, with a resolution of about 1 arcmin. These observations\ncomplemented by X-ray, optical, and higher resolution radio data allowed to\ndetect a new radio halo in the central region of A800 and A1550. We discovered\na radio relic in the periphery of A910, and finally we revealed both a halo and\na relic in CL1446+26.Clusters hosting these new halos show an offset between\nthe radio and the X-ray peak. By analyzing this offset statistically we found\nthat radio halos can be quite asymmetric with respect to the X-ray gas\ndistribution, with an average radio - X-ray displacement of about 180 kpc. When\nthe offsets are normalized by the halo size, there is a tendency for smaller\nhalos to show larger displacements.\n" }, { "id": "def3d16a-a3e0-4653-88a7-14a8993a234f", "adv_source_id": "def3d16a-a3e0-4653-88a7-14a8993a234f", "source_id": "def3d16a-a3e0-4653-88a7-14a8993a234f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlinear Dynamics of the 3D Pendulum", "prompt": null, "generation": " A 3D pendulum consists of a rigid body, supported at a fixed pivot, with\nthree rotational degrees of freedom. The pendulum is acted on by a\ngravitational force. Symmetry assumptions are shown to lead to the planar 1D\npendulum and to the spherical 2D pendulum models as special cases. The case\nwhere the rigid body is asymmetric and the center of mass is distinct from the\npivot location leads to the 3D pendulum. Full and reduced 3D pendulum models\nare introduced and used to study important features of the nonlinear dynamics:\nconserved quantities, equilibria, invariant manifolds, local dynamics near\nequilibria and invariant manifolds, and the presence of chaotic motions. These\nresults demonstrate the rich and complex dynamics of the 3D pendulum.\n" }, { "id": "c41ffb9a-1357-4a72-a109-d34411b2cd27", "adv_source_id": "c41ffb9a-1357-4a72-a109-d34411b2cd27", "source_id": "c41ffb9a-1357-4a72-a109-d34411b2cd27", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of the Slope Parameter $\\alpha$ for the $\\eta\\to 3\\pi^0$\n decay with the Crystal Ball detector at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI-C)", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dynamics of the $\\eta\\to 3\\pi^0$ decay have been studied with the Crystal\nBall multiphoton spectrometer and the TAPS calorimeter. Bremsstrahlung photons\nproduced by the 1.5-GeV electron beam of the Mainz microtron MAMI-C and tagged\nby the Glasgow photon spectrometer were used for $\\eta$-meson production. The\nanalysis of $3 \\times 10^6$ $\\gamma p \\to \\eta p \\to 3\\pi^0 p \\to 6\\gamma p$\nevents yields the value $\\alpha=-0.032\\pm0.003$ for the $\\eta\\to 3\\pi^0$ slope\nparameter, which agrees with the majority of recent experimental results and\nhas the smallest uncertainty. The $\\pi^0\\pi^0$ invariant-mass spectrum was\ninvestigated for the occurrence of a cusplike structure in the vicinity of the\n$\\pi^+\\pi^-$ threshold. The observed effect is small and does not affect our\nmeasured value for the slope parameter.\n" }, { "id": "c2c2397d-f94f-446a-bda8-f900ace38a34", "adv_source_id": "c2c2397d-f94f-446a-bda8-f900ace38a34", "source_id": "c2c2397d-f94f-446a-bda8-f900ace38a34", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Freezing singularities in water drops", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this fluid dynamics video we show how a drop of water freezes into a\nsingular shape when deposited on a cold surface. The process of solidification\ncan be observed very clearly due to the change in refraction when water turns\ninto ice. The drop remains approximately spherical during most of the process,\nwith a freezing front moving upwards and smoothly following the interface.\nHowever, at the final stage of freezing, when the last cap of liquid turns into\nice, a singular tip develops spontaneously. Interestingly, the sharp tip of the\nice drop acts as a preferential site for deposition of water vapour, and a\nbeautiful \"tree\" of ice crystals develops right at the tip. The tip singularity\nattracts the vapour in analogy to a sharp lightning rod attracting lightning.\n" }, { "id": "49e68433-20cf-42b5-bbb9-42d42c2ea68e", "adv_source_id": "49e68433-20cf-42b5-bbb9-42d42c2ea68e", "source_id": "49e68433-20cf-42b5-bbb9-42d42c2ea68e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On classical and free stable laws", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive the representative Bernstein measure of the density of\n$(X_{\\alpha})^{-\\alpha/(1-\\alpha)}, 0 < \\alpha < 1$, where $X_{\\alpha}$ is a\npositive stable random variable, as a Fox-H function. When $1-\\alpha = 1/j$ for\nsome integer $j \\geq 2$, the Fox H-function reduces to a Meijer G-function so\nthat the Kanter's random variable (see below) is closely related to a product\nof $(j-1)$ independent Beta random variables. When $\\alpha$ tends to 0, the\nBernstein measure becomes degenerate thereby agrees with Cressie's result for\nthe asymptotic behaviour of stable distributions for small values of $\\alpha$.\nComing to free probability, our result makes more explicit that of Biane on the\ndensity of its free analog. The paper is closed with analytic arguments\nexplaining the occurence of the Kanter's random variable in both the classical\nand the free settings.\n" }, { "id": "0b1b36fa-cae9-47a5-aae3-c88e6c3d447f", "adv_source_id": "0b1b36fa-cae9-47a5-aae3-c88e6c3d447f", "source_id": "0b1b36fa-cae9-47a5-aae3-c88e6c3d447f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hyperactivated resistance in TiN films on the insulating side of the\n disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the insulating phase that forms in a titanium nitride film in\na close vicinity of the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition. In\nzero magnetic field the temperature dependence of the resistance reveals a\nsequence of distinct regimes upon decreasing temperature crossing over from\nlogarithmic to activated behavior with the variable-range hopping squeezing in\nbetween. In perpendicular magnetic fields below 2 T, the thermally activated\nregime retains at intermediate temperatures, whereas at ultralow temperatures,\nthe resistance increases faster than that of the thermally activated type. This\nindicates a change of the mechanism of the conductivity. We find that at higher\nmagnetic fields the thermally activated behavior disappears and the\nmagnetoresistive isotherms saturate towards the value close to quantum\nresistance h/e^2.\n" }, { "id": "1dede9d9-5f6c-41c6-93d3-a1ecf90955fa", "adv_source_id": "1dede9d9-5f6c-41c6-93d3-a1ecf90955fa", "source_id": "1dede9d9-5f6c-41c6-93d3-a1ecf90955fa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Discovery of an active supermassive black hole in the bulge-less galaxy\n NGC 4561", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present XMM-Newton observations of the Chandra-detected nuclear X-ray\nsource in NGC 4561. The hard X-ray spectrum can be described by a model\ncomposed of an absorbed power-law with Gamma= 2.5^{+0.4}_{-0.3}, and column\ndensity N_H=1.9^{+0.1}_{-0.2} times 10^{22} atoms cm^{-2}. The absorption\ncorrected luminosity of the source is L(0.2 - 10.0 keV) = 2.5 times 10^{41}\nergs s^{-1}, with bolometric luminosity over 3 \\times 10^{42} ergs s^{-1}.\nBased on the spectrum and the luminosity, we identify the nuclear X-ray source\nin NGC 4561 to be an AGN, with a black hole of mass M_BH > 20,000 solar masses.\nThe presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of this bulge-less\ngalaxy shows that black hole masses are not necessarily related to bulge\nproperties, contrary to the general belief. Observations such as these call\ninto question several theoretical models of BH--galaxy co-evolution that are\nbased on merger-driven BH growth; secular processes clearly play an important\nrole. Several emission lines are detected in the soft X-ray spectrum of the\nsource which can be well parametrized by an absorbed diffuse thermal plasma\nwith non-solar abundances of some heavy elements. Similar soft X-ray emission\nis observed in spectra of Seyfert 2 galaxies and low luminosity AGNs,\nsuggesting an origin in the circumnuclear plasma.\n" }, { "id": "172d3e88-4446-44a1-a35b-90d31b43cc96", "adv_source_id": "172d3e88-4446-44a1-a35b-90d31b43cc96", "source_id": "172d3e88-4446-44a1-a35b-90d31b43cc96", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New features of the triaxial nuclei described with a coherent state\n model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Supplementing the Liquid Drop Model (LDM) Hamiltonian, written in the\nintrinsic reference frame, with a sextic oscillator plus a centrifugal term in\nthe variable $\\beta$ and a potential in $\\gamma$ with a minimum in\n$\\frac{\\pi}{6}$, the Sch\\\"{o}dinger equation is separated for the two variables\nwhich results in having a new description for the triaxial nuclei, called\nSextic and Mathieu Approach (SMA). SMA is applied for two non-axial nuclei,\n$^{180}$Hf and $^{182}$W and results are compared with those yielded by the\nCoherent State Model (CSM). As the main result of this paper we derive\nanalytically the equations characterizing SMA from a semi-classical treatment\nof the CSM Hamiltonian. In this manner the potentials in $\\beta$ and $\\gamma$\nvariables respectively, show up in a quite natural way which contrasts their\nad-hoc choice when SMA emerges from LDM.\n" }, { "id": "59587b5d-577e-4e87-a87f-ebd71cee13aa", "adv_source_id": "59587b5d-577e-4e87-a87f-ebd71cee13aa", "source_id": "59587b5d-577e-4e87-a87f-ebd71cee13aa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Classification of Fifth Order Quasi-linear Non-constant Separant\n Scalar Evolution Equations of the KdV-type", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fifth order, quasi-linear, non-constant separant evolution equations are of\nthe form u_t=A\\frac{\\partial^5 u}{\\partial x^5}+\\tilde{B}, where A and\n\\tilde{B} are functions of x, t, u and of the derivatives of u with respect to\nx up to order 4. We use the existence of a \"formal symmetry\", hence the\nexistence of \"canonical conservation laws\" \\rho_{(i)}, i=-1,...,5 as an\nintegrability test. We define an evolution equation to be of the KdV-Type, if\nall odd numbered canonical conserved densities are nontrivial. We prove that\nfifth order, quasi-linear, non-constant separant evolution equations of KdV\ntype are polynomial in the function a=A^{1/5}; a=(\\alpha u_3^2 +\\beta\nu_3+\\gamma)^{-1/2}, where \\alpha, \\beta and \\gamma are functions of x, t, u and\nof the derivatives of u with respect to x up to order 2. We determine the u_2\ndependency of a in terms of P=4\\alpha\\gamma-\\beta^2>0 and we give an explicit\nsolution, showing that there are integrable fifth order non-polynomial\nevolution equations.\n" }, { "id": "c1f0e85d-8914-4932-b03b-c5f0abd5da75", "adv_source_id": "c1f0e85d-8914-4932-b03b-c5f0abd5da75", "source_id": "c1f0e85d-8914-4932-b03b-c5f0abd5da75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multihop Diversity in Wideband OFDM Systems: The Impact of Spatial Reuse\n and Frequency Selectivity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The goal of this paper is to establish which practical routing schemes for\nwireless networks are most suitable for wideband systems in the power-limited\nregime, which is, for example, a practically relevant mode of operation for the\nanalysis of ultrawideband (UWB) mesh networks. For this purpose, we study the\ntradeoff between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency (known as the\npower-bandwidth tradeoff) in a wideband linear multihop network in which\ntransmissions employ orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)\nmodulation and are affected by quasi-static, frequency-selective fading.\nConsidering open-loop (fixed-rate) and closed-loop (rate-adaptive) multihop\nrelaying techniques, we characterize the impact of routing with spatial reuse\non the statistical properties of the end-to-end conditional mutual information\n(conditioned on the specific values of the channel fading parameters and\ntherefore treated as a random variable) and on the energy and spectral\nefficiency measures of the wideband regime. Our analysis particularly deals\nwith the convergence of these end-to-end performance measures in the case of\nlarge number of hops, i.e., the phenomenon first observed in \\cite{Oyman06b}\nand named as ``multihop diversity''. Our results demonstrate the realizability\nof the multihop diversity advantages in the case of routing with spatial reuse\nfor wideband OFDM systems under wireless channel effects such as path-loss and\nquasi-static frequency-selective multipath fading.\n" }, { "id": "101ce80c-719a-4d6c-9b12-b8a6bd45e854", "adv_source_id": "101ce80c-719a-4d6c-9b12-b8a6bd45e854", "source_id": "101ce80c-719a-4d6c-9b12-b8a6bd45e854", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Comparison of Sequential and GPU Implementations of Iterative Methods\n to Compute Reachability Probabilities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the problem of computing reachability probabilities: given a\nMarkov chain, an initial state of the Markov chain, and a set of goal states of\nthe Markov chain, what is the probability of reaching any of the goal states\nfrom the initial state? This problem can be reduced to solving a linear\nequation Ax = b for x, where A is a matrix and b is a vector. We consider two\niterative methods to solve the linear equation: the Jacobi method and the\nbiconjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGStab) method. For both methods, a\nsequential and a parallel version have been implemented. The parallel versions\nhave been implemented on the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) so that\nthey can be run on a NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU). From our\nexperiments we conclude that as the size of the matrix increases, the CUDA\nimplementations outperform the sequential implementations. Furthermore, the\nBiCGStab method performs better than the Jacobi method for dense matrices,\nwhereas the Jacobi method does better for sparse ones. Since the reachability\nprobabilities problem plays a key role in probabilistic model checking, we also\ncompared the implementations for matrices obtained from a probabilistic model\nchecker. Our experiments support the conjecture by Bosnacki et al. that the\nJacobi method is superior to Krylov subspace methods, a class to which the\nBiCGStab method belongs, for probabilistic model checking.\n" }, { "id": "4c33854e-78bd-4a72-8850-c2f8dcbf7c7c", "adv_source_id": "4c33854e-78bd-4a72-8850-c2f8dcbf7c7c", "source_id": "4c33854e-78bd-4a72-8850-c2f8dcbf7c7c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Outer boundary conditions for Einstein's field equations in harmonic\n coordinates", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze Einstein's vacuum field equations in generalized harmonic\ncoordinates on a compact spatial domain with boundaries. We specify a class of\nboundary conditions which is constraint-preserving and sufficiently general to\ninclude recent proposals for reducing the amount of spurious reflections of\ngravitational radiation. In particular, our class comprises the boundary\nconditions recently proposed by Kreiss and Winicour, a geometric modification\nthereof, the freezing-Psi0 boundary condition and the hierarchy of absorbing\nboundary conditions introduced by Buchman and Sarbach. Using the recent\ntechnique developed by Kreiss and Winicour based on an appropriate reduction to\na pseudo-differential first order system, we prove well posedness of the\nresulting initial-boundary value problem in the frozen coefficient\napproximation. In view of the theory of pseudo-differential operators it is\nexpected that the full nonlinear problem is also well posed. Furthermore, we\nimplement some of our boundary conditions numerically and study their\neffectiveness in a test problem consisting of a perturbed Schwarzschild black\nhole.\n" }, { "id": "f0bfbbb8-7646-438e-89ad-053cffc9673d", "adv_source_id": "f0bfbbb8-7646-438e-89ad-053cffc9673d", "source_id": "f0bfbbb8-7646-438e-89ad-053cffc9673d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entropy entrainment and dissipation in superfluid Helium", "prompt": null, "generation": " Building on a general variational framework for multi-fluid dynamics, we\ndiscuss finite temperature effects in superfluids. The main aim is to provide\ninsight into the modelling of more complex finite temperature superfluid\nsystems, like the mixed neutron superfluid/proton superconductor that is\nexpected in the outer core of a neutron star. Our final results can also (to a\ncertain extent) be used to describe colour-flavour locked quark superconductors\nthat may be present at the extreme densities in the deep neutron star core. As\na demonstration of the validity of the model, which is based on treating the\nexcitations in the system as a massless ``entropy'' fluid, we show that it is\nformally equivalent to the traditional two-fluid approach for superfluid\nHelium. In particular, we highlight the fact that the entropy entrainment\nencodes the ``normal fluid density'' of the traditional approach. We also show\nhow the superfluid constraint of irrotationality reduces the number of\ndissipation coefficients in the system. This analysis provides insight into the\nmore general problem when vortices are present in the superfluid, and we\ndiscuss how the so-called mutual friction force can be accounted for in our\nframework. The end product is a hydrodynamic formalism for finite temperature\neffects in a single superfluid condensate. This framework can readily be\nextended to more complex situations.\n" }, { "id": "70d22c4e-2d6a-442b-ae7a-ed8a9b0c4da6", "adv_source_id": "70d22c4e-2d6a-442b-ae7a-ed8a9b0c4da6", "source_id": "70d22c4e-2d6a-442b-ae7a-ed8a9b0c4da6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase groups and the origin of non-locality for qubits", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a general framework in which we can precisely compare the\nstructures of quantum-like theories which may initially be formulated in quite\ndifferent mathematical terms. We then use this framework to compare two\ntheories: quantum mechanics restricted to qubit stabiliser states and\noperations, and Spekkens's toy theory. We discover that viewed within our\nframework these theories are very similar, but differ in one key aspect - a\nfour element group we term the phase group which emerges naturally within our\nframework. In the case of the stabiliser theory this group is Z4 while for\nSpekkens's toy theory the group is Z2 x Z2. We further show that the structure\nof this group is intimately involved in a key physical difference between the\ntheories: whether or not they can be modelled by a local hidden variable\ntheory. This is done by establishing a connection between the phase group, and\nan abstract notion of GHZ state correlations. We go on to formulate precisely\nhow the stabiliser theory and toy theory are `similar' by defining a notion of\n`mutually unbiased qubit theory', noting that all such theories have four\nelement phase groups. Since Z4 and Z2 x Z2 are the only such groups we conclude\nthat the GHZ correlations in this type of theory can only take two forms,\nexactly those appearing in the stabiliser theory and in Spekkens's toy theory.\nThe results point at a classification of local/non-local behaviours by finite\nAbelian groups, extending beyond qubits to finitary theories whose observables\nare all mutually unbiased.\n" }, { "id": "17c0f816-a2ca-4a01-b6ad-b5126fcc4db9", "adv_source_id": "17c0f816-a2ca-4a01-b6ad-b5126fcc4db9", "source_id": "17c0f816-a2ca-4a01-b6ad-b5126fcc4db9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Solving the Helmholtz equation for membranes of arbitrary shape", "prompt": null, "generation": " I calculate the modes of vibration of membranes of arbitrary shape using a\ncollocation approach based on Little Sinc Functions. The matrix representation\nof the PDE obtained using this method is explicit and it does not require the\ncalculation of integrals. To illustrate the virtues of this approach, I have\nconsidered a large number of examples,part of them taken from the literature,\nand part of them new. When possible, I have testedthe accuracy of these results\nby comparing them with the exact results (when available) or with results from\nthe literature. In particular, in the case of the L-shaped membrane, the first\nexample discussed in the paper, I show that it is possible to extrapolate the\nresults obtained with different grid sizes to obtain higly precise results.\nFinally, I also show that the present collocation technique can be easily\ncombined with conformal mapping to provide numerical approximations to the\nenergies which quite rapidly converge to the exact results.\n" }, { "id": "2a84e789-cac3-4f76-86c6-d604bfee7c90", "adv_source_id": "2a84e789-cac3-4f76-86c6-d604bfee7c90", "source_id": "2a84e789-cac3-4f76-86c6-d604bfee7c90", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "All-optical delay of images by backward four-wave mixing in\n metal-nanoparticle composites", "prompt": null, "generation": " We theoretically study a novel method for all-optical delay of images based\non backward four-wave mixing in composites containing metal nanoparticles. In\nthis approach a delayed phase conjugate probe pulse is generated by the\ninteraction of two counter-propagating pump beams and a non-collinear shaped\nprobe pulse in the nanocomposite.The fractional delay and the reflectivity for\nthe phase-conjugate signal pulses are studied as function of the input pump\nintensity. It is shown that this scheme can be used for delayed imaging\ncombined with the elimination of optical diffraction. The advantages of this\nmethod include minituarized design, tunable wavelength range up to the\ntelecommunication range and wide bandwidth.\n" }, { "id": "9920fb2b-2bdd-4b7e-adf0-b83210b4b895", "adv_source_id": "9920fb2b-2bdd-4b7e-adf0-b83210b4b895", "source_id": "9920fb2b-2bdd-4b7e-adf0-b83210b4b895", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics of axialized laser-cooled ions in a Penning trap", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the experimental characterization of axialization - a method of\nreducing the magnetron motion of a small number of ions stored in a Penning\ntrap. This is an important step in the investigation of the suitability of\nPenning traps for quantum information processing. The magnetron motion was\ncoupled to the laser-cooled modified cyclotron motion by the application of a\nnear-resonant oscillating quadrupole potential (the \"axialization drive\").\nMeasurement of cooling rates of the radial motions of the ions showed an\norder-of-magnitude increase in the damping rate of the magnetron motion with\nthe axialization drive applied. The experimental results are in good\nqualitative agreement with a recent theoretical study. In particular, a\nclassical avoided crossing was observed in the motional frequencies as the\naxialization drive frequency was swept through the optimum value, proving that\naxialization is indeed a resonant effect.\n" }, { "id": "bc61b175-17c1-4183-af35-f5f37b69799a", "adv_source_id": "bc61b175-17c1-4183-af35-f5f37b69799a", "source_id": "bc61b175-17c1-4183-af35-f5f37b69799a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cosmological Perturbation in f(T) Gravity Revisited", "prompt": null, "generation": " We perform detailed investigation of cosmological perturbations in f(T)\ntheory of gravity coupled with scalar field. Our work emphasizes on the way to\ngauge fix the theory and we examine all possible modes of perturbations up to\nsecond order. The analysis includes pseudoscalar and pseudovector modes in\naddition to the usual scalar, vector, and tensor modes. We find no\ngravitational propagating degree of freedom in the scalar, pseudoscalar,\nvector, as well as pseudovector modes. In addition, we find that the scalar and\ntensor perturbations have exactly the same form as their counterparts in usual\ngeneral relativity with scalar field, except that the factor of reduced Planck\nmass squared $M_{\\text{pl}}^2 \\equiv 1/(8\\pi G)$ that occurs in the latter has\nnow been replaced by an effective time-dependentgravitational coupling $-2\n(df/dT)|_{T=T_0}$, with $T_0$ being the background torsion scalar. The absence\nof extra degrees of freedom of f(T) gravity at second order linear perturbation\nindicates that f(T) gravity is highly nonlinear. Consequently one cannot\nconclusively analyze stability of the theory without performing nonlinear\nanalysis that can reveal the propagation of the extra degrees of freedom.\n" }, { "id": "63d64924-7dfd-4a8b-b94c-9aa31a15c169", "adv_source_id": "63d64924-7dfd-4a8b-b94c-9aa31a15c169", "source_id": "63d64924-7dfd-4a8b-b94c-9aa31a15c169", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reduced rank regression via adaptive nuclear norm penalization", "prompt": null, "generation": " Adaptive nuclear-norm penalization is proposed for low-rank matrix\napproximation, by which we develop a new reduced-rank estimation method for the\ngeneral high-dimensional multivariate regression problems. The adaptive nuclear\nnorm of a matrix is defined as the weighted sum of the singular values of the\nmatrix. For example, the pre-specified weights may be some negative power of\nthe singular values of the data matrix (or its projection in regression\nsetting). The adaptive nuclear norm is generally non-convex under the natural\nrestriction that the weight decreases with the singular value. However, we show\nthat the proposed non-convex penalized regression method has a global optimal\nsolution obtained from an adaptively soft-thresholded singular value\ndecomposition. This new reduced-rank estimator is computationally efficient,\nhas continuous solution path and possesses better bias-variance property than\nits classical counterpart. The rank consistency and prediction/estimation\nperformance bounds of the proposed estimator are established under\nhigh-dimensional asymptotic regime. Simulation studies and an application in\ngenetics demonstrate that the proposed estimator has superior performance to\nseveral existing methods. The adaptive nuclear-norm penalization can also serve\nas a building block to study a broad class of singular value penalties.\n" }, { "id": "00e78c6c-d10a-46ce-856c-b0526d6137d9", "adv_source_id": "00e78c6c-d10a-46ce-856c-b0526d6137d9", "source_id": "00e78c6c-d10a-46ce-856c-b0526d6137d9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Paradigm Shift from Production Function to Production Copula:\n Statistical Description of Production Activity of Firms", "prompt": null, "generation": " Heterogeneity of economic agents is emphasized in a new trend of\nmacroeconomics. Accordingly the new emerging discipline requires one to replace\nthe production function, one of key ideas in the conventional economics, by an\nalternative which can take an explicit account of distribution of firms'\nproduction activities. In this paper we propose a new idea referred to as\nproduction copula; a copula is an analytic means for modeling dependence among\nvariables. Such a production copula predicts value added yielded by firms with\ngiven capital and labor in a probabilistic way. It is thereby in sharp contrast\nto the production function where the output of firms is completely\ndeterministic. We demonstrate empirical construction of a production copula\nusing financial data of listed firms in Japan. Analysis of the data shows that\nthere are significant correlations among their capital, labor and value added\nand confirms that the values added are too widely scattered to be represented\nby a production function. We employ four models for the production copula, that\nis, trivariate versions of Frank, Gumbel and survival Clayton and\nnon-exchangeable trivariate Gumbel; the last one works best.\n" }, { "id": "b749fb3e-3b7e-4886-95de-b8dfd6fdddcb", "adv_source_id": "b749fb3e-3b7e-4886-95de-b8dfd6fdddcb", "source_id": "b749fb3e-3b7e-4886-95de-b8dfd6fdddcb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photometric properties of resolved and unresolved magnetic elements", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the photometric signature of magnetic flux tubes in the solar\nphotosphere. We developed two dimensional, static numerical models of isolated\nand clustered magnetic flux tubes. We investigated the emergent intensity\nprofiles at different lines-of-sight for various spatial resolutions and\nopacity models. We found that both geometric and photometric properties of\nbright magnetic features are determined not only by the physical properties of\nthe tube and its surroundings, but also by the particularities of the\nobservations, including the line/continuum formation height, the spatial\nresolution and the image analyses techniques applied. We show that some\nobservational results presented in the literature can be interpreted by\nconsidering bright magnetic features to be clusters of smaller elements, rather\nthan a monolithic flux tube.\n" }, { "id": "75273977-583c-40ca-a230-1ad83b8bfa0c", "adv_source_id": "75273977-583c-40ca-a230-1ad83b8bfa0c", "source_id": "75273977-583c-40ca-a230-1ad83b8bfa0c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Axion-Dilaton Cosmology and Dark Energy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss a class of flat FRW cosmological models based on D=4 axion-dilaton\ngravity universally coupled to cosmological background fluids. In particular,\nwe investigate the possibility of recurrent acceleration, which was recently\nshown to be generically realized in a wide class of axion-dilaton models, but\nin absence of cosmological background fluids. We observe that, once we impose\nthe existence of radiation -and matter- dominated earlier stages of cosmic\nevolution, the axion-dilaton dynamics is altered significantly with respect to\nthe case of pure axion-dilaton gravity. During the matter dominated epoch the\nscalar fields remain either frozen, due to the large expansion rate, or enter a\ncosmological scaling regime. In both cases, oscillations of the effective\nequation of state around the acceleration boundary value are impossible. Models\nwhich enter an oscillatory stage in the low redshift regime, on the other hand,\nare disfavored by observations. We also comment on the viability of the\naxion-dilaton system as a candidate for dynamical dark energy. In a certain\nsubclass of models, an intermediate scaling regime is succeeded by eternal\nacceleration. We also briefly discuss the issue of dependence on initial\nconditions.\n" }, { "id": "3e0d648b-1aed-4e89-acb0-6efbab88cb48", "adv_source_id": "3e0d648b-1aed-4e89-acb0-6efbab88cb48", "source_id": "3e0d648b-1aed-4e89-acb0-6efbab88cb48", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The faintest galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the nature of Ultra Faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies (UF dSphs)\nin a general cosmological context, simultaneously accounting for various\n\"classical\" dSphs and Milky Way (MW) properties, including their Metallicity\nDistribution Function (MDF). The model successfully reproduces both the\nobserved [Fe/H]-Luminosity relation and the mean MDF of UFs. According to our\nresults UFs are the living fossils of H2-cooling minihaloes formed at z>8.5,\ni.e. before the end of reionization. They are the oldest and the most dark\nmatter-dominated (M/L > 100) dSphs in the MW system, with a total mass of M =\n10^(7-8) Msun. The model allows to interpret the different shape of UFs and\nclassical dSphs MDF, along with the frequency of extremely metal-poor stars in\nthese objects. We discuss the \"missing satellites problem\" by comparing the UF\nstar formation efficiencies with those derived for minihaloes in the Via Lactea\nsimulation.\n" }, { "id": "7edefdfe-acd7-44b3-a44f-74107c47319c", "adv_source_id": "7edefdfe-acd7-44b3-a44f-74107c47319c", "source_id": "7edefdfe-acd7-44b3-a44f-74107c47319c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observation of a non-adiabatic geometric phase for elastic waves", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the experimental observation of a geometric phase for elastic waves\nin a waveguide with helical shape. The setup reproduces the experiment by\nTomita and Chiao [A. Tomita, R.Y. Chiao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 937-940,\n2471] that showed first evidence of a Berry phase, a geometric phase for\nadiabatic time evolution, in optics. Experimental evidence of a non-adiabatic\ngeometric phase has been reported in quantum mechanics. We have performed an\nexperiment to observe the polarization transport of classical elastic waves. In\na waveguide, these waves are polarized and dispersive. Whereas the wavelength\nis of the same order of magnitude as the helix's radius, no frequency dependent\ncorrection is necessary to account for the theoretical prediction. This shows\nthat in this regime, the geometric phase results directly from geometry and not\nfrom a correction to an adiabatic phase.\n" }, { "id": "9d68d3ca-c548-4c38-9414-9fd1e8bbbdbe", "adv_source_id": "9d68d3ca-c548-4c38-9414-9fd1e8bbbdbe", "source_id": "9d68d3ca-c548-4c38-9414-9fd1e8bbbdbe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Impact of vector-current interactions on the QCD phase diagram", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using a nonlocal version of the Polyakov-loop-extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio\nmodel, we investi- gate effects of a nonderivative vector-current interaction\n(relating to the quark-number density) at both real and imaginary chemical\npotentials. This repulsive vector interaction between quarks has the following\nimpact on the chiral first-order phase transition: at imaginary chemical\npotential it sharpens the transition at the Roberge-Weiss (RW) end point and\nmoves this critical point toward lower temperatures; at real chemical\npotential, the critical end point moves on a trajectory towards larger chemical\npotentials and lower temperatures with increasing vector coupling strength. The\nconditions are discussed at which the first-order phase transition disappears\nand turns into a smooth crossover.\n" }, { "id": "6946c0e8-e28b-4749-8d2d-ca3a618c4f4b", "adv_source_id": "6946c0e8-e28b-4749-8d2d-ca3a618c4f4b", "source_id": "6946c0e8-e28b-4749-8d2d-ca3a618c4f4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Is backreaction really small within concordance cosmology?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Smoothing over structures in general relativity leads to a renormalisation of\nthe background, and potentially many other effects which are poorly understood.\nObservables such as the distance-redshift relation when averaged on the sky do\nnot necessarily yield the same smooth model which arises when performing\nspatial averages. These issues are thought to be of technical interest only in\nthe standard model of cosmology, giving only tiny corrections. However, when we\ntry to calculate observable quantities such as the all-sky average of the\ndistance-redshift relation, we find that perturbation theory delivers divergent\nanswers in the UV and corrections to the background of order unity. There are\nfurther problems. Second-order perturbations are the same size as first-order,\nand fourth-order at least the same as second, and possibly much larger, owing\nto the divergences. Much hinges on a coincidental balance of 2 numbers: the\nprimordial power, and the ratio between the comoving Hubble scales at\nmatter-radiation equality and today. Consequently, it is far from obvious that\nbackreaction is irrelevant even in the concordance model, however natural it\nintuitively seems.\n" }, { "id": "34c80c35-8bfd-4378-9a31-23ed21a26f35", "adv_source_id": "34c80c35-8bfd-4378-9a31-23ed21a26f35", "source_id": "34c80c35-8bfd-4378-9a31-23ed21a26f35", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A criterion for separating process calculi", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a new criterion, replacement freeness, to discern the relative\nexpressiveness of process calculi. Intuitively, a calculus is strongly\nreplacement free if replacing, within an enclosing context, a process that\ncannot perform any visible action by an arbitrary process never inhibits the\ncapability of the resulting process to perform a visible action. We prove that\nthere exists no compositional and interaction sensitive encoding of a not\nstrongly replacement free calculus into any strongly replacement free one. We\nthen define a weaker version of replacement freeness, by only considering\nreplacement of closed processes, and prove that, if we additionally require the\nencoding to preserve name independence, it is not even possible to encode a non\nreplacement free calculus into a weakly replacement free one. As a consequence\nof our encodability results, we get that many calculi equipped with priority\nare not replacement free and hence are not encodable into mainstream calculi\nlike CCS and pi-calculus, that instead are strongly replacement free. We also\nprove that variants of pi-calculus with match among names, pattern matching or\npolyadic synchronization are only weakly replacement free, hence they are\nseparated both from process calculi with priority and from mainstream calculi.\n" }, { "id": "73938fbd-1ae0-4409-a838-df0ae0e9fb88", "adv_source_id": "73938fbd-1ae0-4409-a838-df0ae0e9fb88", "source_id": "73938fbd-1ae0-4409-a838-df0ae0e9fb88", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Quantum Kirwan Map: Bubbling and Fredholm Theory for Symplectic\n Vortices over the Plane", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider a Hamiltonian action of a compact connected Lie group on a\nsymplectic manifold $(M,\\omega)$. Conjecturally, under suitable assumptions\nthere exists a morphism of cohomological field theories from the equivariant\nGromov-Witten theory of $(M,\\omega)$ to the Gromov-Witten theory of the\nsymplectic quotient. The morphism should be a deformation of the Kirwan map.\nThe idea, due to D. A. Salamon, is to define such a deformation by counting\ngauge equivalence classes of symplectic vortices over the complex plane $C$.\n The present memoir is part of a project whose goal is to make this definition\nrigorous. Its main results deal with the symplectically aspherical case. The\nfirst one states that every sequence of equivalence classes of vortices over\nthe plane has a subsequence that converges to a new type of genus zero stable\nmap, provided that the energies of the vortices are uniformly bounded. Such a\nstable map consists of equivalence classes of vortices over the plane and\nholomorphic spheres in the symplectic quotient. The second main result is that\nthe vertical differential of the vortex equations over the plane (at the level\nof gauge equivalence) is a Fredholm operator of a specified index.\n Potentially the quantum Kirwan map can be used to compute the quantum\ncohomology of symplectic quotients.\n" }, { "id": "c303a6d7-2abc-4491-99b3-6e169d038db3", "adv_source_id": "c303a6d7-2abc-4491-99b3-6e169d038db3", "source_id": "c303a6d7-2abc-4491-99b3-6e169d038db3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optical polarimetry of Comet NEAT C/2001 Q4", "prompt": null, "generation": " Comet NEAT C/2001 Q4 was observed for linear polarization using the optical\npolarimeter mounted at the 1.2m telescope at Mt. Abu Observatory, during the\nmonths of May and June 2004. Observations were conducted through the\nInternational Halley Watch narrow band (continuum) and B,V,R broad band\nfilters. During the observing run the phase angle ranged from 85.6 deg in May\nto 55 deg in June. As expected, polarization increases with wavelength in this\nphase angle range. Polarization colour in the narrow bands changes at different\nepochs, perhaps related to cometary activity or molecular emission\ncontamination. The polarization was also measured in the cometary coma at\ndifferent locations along a line, in the direction of the tail. As expected, we\nnotice minor decrease in the polarization as photocenter (nucleus) is traversed\nwhile brightness decreases sharply away from it. Based on these polarization\nobservations we infer that the comet NEAT C/2001 Q4 has high polarization and a\ntypical grain composition- mixture of silicates and organics.\n" }, { "id": "ee3138ac-1b37-4570-9162-981c49a1d238", "adv_source_id": "ee3138ac-1b37-4570-9162-981c49a1d238", "source_id": "ee3138ac-1b37-4570-9162-981c49a1d238", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electron structure of the Falicov-Kimball model with a magnetic field", "prompt": null, "generation": " The two-dimensional Falicov-Kimball model in the presence of a perpendicular\nmagnetic field is investigated by the dynamical mean-field theory. Within the\nmodel the interplay between electron correlations and the fine electron\nstructure due to the magnetic field is essentially emerged. Without electron\ncorrelations the magnetic field induces the electron structure to the so-called\nHofstadter butterfly. It is found that when electron correlations drives the\nmetal-insulator transition, they simultaneously smear out the fine structure of\nthe Hofstadter butterfly. In a long-range ordered phase, the electron\ncorrelation induced gap preserves the fine structure, but it separates the\nHofstadter butterfly into two wings.\n" }, { "id": "c6c63768-d24d-4cf3-a4c6-306aaf416004", "adv_source_id": "c6c63768-d24d-4cf3-a4c6-306aaf416004", "source_id": "c6c63768-d24d-4cf3-a4c6-306aaf416004", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pressure-driven flow of a micro-polar fluid: measurement of the velocity\n profile", "prompt": null, "generation": " The pressure-driven flow of a suspension of spinning particles in a\nrectangular channel is studied using an acoustic method. The suspension is made\nof insulating particles (PMMA) dispersed in a slightly conducting oil (Ugilec +\nDielec) and is subjected to a DC electric field. In such a case, the particles\nare polarized in the direction opposite to that of the electric field and begin\nto rotate in order to flip their dipoles in the field direction. Such a\nrotation of the particles is known as Quincke rotation and is responsible for\nan important decrease of the effective viscosity of the suspension. Indeed, due\nto the electric torque exerted on the particles, the stress tensor in the\nsuspension is not symmetric anymore and a driving effect arises from the\nanti-symmetric part. When such a suspension flows through a rectangular\nchannel, the velocity profile is expected to deviate from the usual Poiseuille\nflow. In this paper, the velocity profiles are measured using Pulsed Ultrasound\nDoppler Velocimetry technique. They compare well with those that are computed\nfrom the otherwise measured rheological law.\n" }, { "id": "d4336208-b350-4354-9560-c1ee8093ac7c", "adv_source_id": "d4336208-b350-4354-9560-c1ee8093ac7c", "source_id": "d4336208-b350-4354-9560-c1ee8093ac7c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Covariant Helicity-Coupling Amplitudes: A New Formulation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have worked out covariant amplitudes for any two-body decay of a resonance\nwith an arbitrary non-zero mass, which involves arbitrary integer spins in the\ninitial and the final states. One key new ingredient for this work is the\napplication of the total intrinsic spin operator $\\vec S$ which is given\ndirectly in terms of the generators of the Poincar\\'e group.\n Using the results of this study, we show how to explore the Lorentz factors\nwhich appear naturally, if the momentum-space wave functions are used to form\nthe covariant decay amplitudes. We have devised a method of constructing our\ncovariant decay amplitudes, such that they lead to the Zemach amplitudes when\nthe Lorentz factors are set one.\n" }, { "id": "17ac033c-370e-4c59-b3cd-a708efcdf82f", "adv_source_id": "17ac033c-370e-4c59-b3cd-a708efcdf82f", "source_id": "17ac033c-370e-4c59-b3cd-a708efcdf82f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Long range spin supercurrents in ferromagnetic CrO$_2$ using a\n multilayer contact structure", "prompt": null, "generation": " e report measurements of long ranged supercurrents through ferromagnetic and\nfully spin-polarized CrO$_2$ deposited on TiO$_2$ substrates. In earlier work,\nwe found supercurrents in films grown on sapphire but not on TiO$_2$. Here we\nemployed a special contact arrangement, consisting of a Ni/Cu sandwich between\nthe film and the superconducting amorphous Mo$_{70}$Ge$_{30}$ electrodes. The\ndistance between the contacts was almost a micrometer, and we find the critical\ncurrent density to be significantly higher than found in the films deposited on\nsapphire. We argue this is due to spin mixing in the Ni/Cu/CrO$_2$ layer\nstructure, which is helpful in the generation of the odd-frequency spin triplet\ncorrelations needed to carry the supercurrent.\n" }, { "id": "a292625b-6705-46a1-8050-509b374e3cbc", "adv_source_id": "a292625b-6705-46a1-8050-509b374e3cbc", "source_id": "a292625b-6705-46a1-8050-509b374e3cbc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Local algorithms in (weakly) coloured graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " A local algorithm is a distributed algorithm that completes after a constant\nnumber of synchronous communication rounds. We present local approximation\nalgorithms for the minimum dominating set problem and the maximum matching\nproblem in 2-coloured and weakly 2-coloured graphs. In a weakly 2-coloured\ngraph, both problems admit a local algorithm with the approximation factor\n$(\\Delta+1)/2$, where $\\Delta$ is the maximum degree of the graph. We also give\na matching lower bound proving that there is no local algorithm with a better\napproximation factor for either of these problems. Furthermore, we show that\nthe stronger assumption of a 2-colouring does not help in the case of the\ndominating set problem, but there is a local approximation scheme for the\nmaximum matching problem in 2-coloured graphs.\n" }, { "id": "cf2a4900-f8ce-42fd-bce3-54a3b6b72ec9", "adv_source_id": "cf2a4900-f8ce-42fd-bce3-54a3b6b72ec9", "source_id": "cf2a4900-f8ce-42fd-bce3-54a3b6b72ec9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coupling of fermionic fields with mass dimensions one to the\n O'Raifeartaigh model", "prompt": null, "generation": " The objective of this article is to discuss the coupling of fermionic fields\nwith mass dimension one to the O'Raifeartaigh model to study supersymmetry\nbreaking for fermionic fields with mass dimension one.\n We find that the coupled model has two distinct solutions. The first solution\nrepresents a local minimum of the superpotential which spontaneously breaks\nsupersymmetry in perfect analogy to the O'Raifeartaigh model. The second\nsolution is more intriguing as it corresponds to a global minimum of the\nsuperpotential. In this case the coupling to the fermionic sector restores\nsupersymmetry. However, this is achieved at the cost of breaking Lorentz\ninvariance. Finally, the mass matrices for the multiplets of the coupled model\nare presented. It turns out that it contains two bosonic triplets and one\nfermionic doublet which are mass multiplets. In addition it contains a massless\nfermionic doublet as well as one fermionic triplet which is not a mass\nmultiplet but rather an interaction multiplet that contains component fields of\ndifferent mass dimension.\n These results show that the presented model for fermionic fields with mass\ndimension one is a viable candidate for supersymmetric dark matter that could\nbe accessible to experiments in the near future.\n" }, { "id": "cd28d78b-d2c2-43d6-b66a-8714d4cef679", "adv_source_id": "cd28d78b-d2c2-43d6-b66a-8714d4cef679", "source_id": "cd28d78b-d2c2-43d6-b66a-8714d4cef679", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hitting times for random walks with restarts", "prompt": null, "generation": " The time it takes a random walker in a lattice to reach the origin from\nanother vertex $x$, has infinite mean. If the walker can restart the walk at\n$x$ at will, then the minimum expected hitting time $T(x,0)$ (minimized over\nrestarting strategies) is finite; it was called the ``grade'' of $x$ by\nDumitriu, Tetali and Winkler. They showed that, in a more general setting, the\ngrade (a variant of the ``Gittins index'') plays a crucial role in control\nproblems involving several Markov chains. Here we establish several conjectures\nof Dumitriu et al on the asymptotics of the grade in Euclidean lattices. In\nparticular, we show that in the planar square lattice, $T(x,0)$ is asymptotic\nto $2|x|^2\\log|x|$ as $|x| \\to \\infty$. The proof hinges on the local variance\nof the potential kernel $h$ being almost constant on the level sets of $h$. We\nalso show how the same method yields precise second order asymptotics for\nhitting times of a random walk (without restarts) in a lattice disk.\n" }, { "id": "ef4a0b7c-54b3-42f0-9a65-d619d86ad8e2", "adv_source_id": "ef4a0b7c-54b3-42f0-9a65-d619d86ad8e2", "source_id": "ef4a0b7c-54b3-42f0-9a65-d619d86ad8e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Universal upper bound on the energy of a parton escaping from the\n strongly coupled quark-gluon matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has been shown through the AdS/CFT correspondence that the energy loss of\na fast quark in a strongly coupled ${\\cal N}=4$ SUSY Yang--Mills matter in the\nlarge N limit is given by the classical Lienard formula. I demonstrate that\nunder quite natural assumptions about the dynamics of heavy ion collisions this\nleads to a universal (i.e. independent of the initial parton energy, but\ndependent on flavor and centrality) upper bound on the energy of the partons\nescaping from the plasma. This bound is a Yang--Mills analog of the Pomeranchuk\nbound in classical electrodynamics, where it is a consequence of radiation in a\nstrong external field acting on a relativistic charge. Since as a result the\nmassive constituent partons are slowed down to a velocity v < c, the angular\ndistribution of the emitted radiation exhibits a broad \"dead cone\". If the\nproperties of conformal and QCD matter at strong coupling are qualitatively\nsimilar, the existence of this universal upper bound would have dramatic\nimplications for heavy ion experiments.\n" }, { "id": "b9499ca3-c88c-42b3-804b-1f96f37836a6", "adv_source_id": "b9499ca3-c88c-42b3-804b-1f96f37836a6", "source_id": "b9499ca3-c88c-42b3-804b-1f96f37836a6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Efficient entanglement concentration for arbitrary less-entangled NOON\n state assisted with single photon", "prompt": null, "generation": " We put forward two efficient entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for\ndistilling the maximally entangled NOON state from arbitrary less-entangled\nNOON state with only an auxiliary single photon. With the help of the weak\ncross-Kerr nonlinearities, both the two ECPs can be used repeatedly to get a\nhigh success probability. In the first ECP, the auxiliary single photon should\nbe shared by the two parties say Alice and Bob. In the second ECP, the\nauxiliary single photon is only possessed by Bob, which can greatly increase\nthe practical success probability by avoiding the transmission loss. Moreover,\nBob can operate the whole protocol alone, which makes the protocol more simple.\nTherefore, our two ECPs, especially the second ECP may be more useful and\nconvenient in the current quantum information processing.\n" }, { "id": "3af22872-d56c-480f-a9a1-28a459dcc8bd", "adv_source_id": "3af22872-d56c-480f-a9a1-28a459dcc8bd", "source_id": "3af22872-d56c-480f-a9a1-28a459dcc8bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Implicit Priors in Galaxy Cluster Mass and Scaling Relation\n Determinations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Deriving the total masses of galaxy clusters from observations of the\nintracluster medium (ICM) generally requires some prior information, in\naddition to the assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry.\nOften, this information takes the form of particular parametrized functions\nused to describe the cluster gas density and temperature profiles. In this\npaper, we investigate the implicit priors on hydrostatic masses that result\nfrom this fully parametric approach, and the implications of such priors for\nscaling relations formed from those masses. We show that the application of\nsuch fully parametric models of the ICM naturally imposes a prior on the slopes\nof the derived scaling relations, favoring the self-similar model, and argue\nthat this prior may be influential in practice. In contrast, this bias does not\nexist for techniques which adopt an explicit prior on the form of the mass\nprofile but describe the ICM non-parametrically. Constraints on the slope of\nthe cluster mass--temperature relation in the literature show a separation\nbased the approach employed, with the results from fully parametric ICM\nmodeling clustering nearer the self-similar value. Given that a primary goal of\nscaling relation analyses is to test the self-similar model, the application of\nmethods subject to strong, implicit priors should be avoided. Alternative\nmethods and best practices are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "68d0c24e-99de-458f-896e-2fd5d80c10d2", "adv_source_id": "68d0c24e-99de-458f-896e-2fd5d80c10d2", "source_id": "68d0c24e-99de-458f-896e-2fd5d80c10d2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Two Faces of American Power: Military and Political Communication\n during the Cuban Missile Crisis", "prompt": null, "generation": " Purpose: The mismatches between political discourse and military momentum in\nthe American handling of the Cuban missile crisis are explained by using the\nmodel of the potential autopoiesis of subsystems. Under wartime conditions, the\ncodes of political and military communications can increasingly be\ndifferentiated. Design/methodology/approach: The model of a further\ndifferentiation between political and military power is developed on the basis\nof a detailed description of the Cuban missile crisis. We introduce the concept\nof a \"semi-dormant autopoiesis\" for the difference in the dynamics between\npeacetime and wartime conditions. Findings: Several dangerous incidents during\nthe crisis can be explained by a sociocybernetic model focusing on\ncommunication and control, but not by using an organization-theoretical\napproach. The further differentiation of the military as a subsystem became\npossible in the course of the twentieth century because of ongoing learning\nprocesses about previous wars.\n" }, { "id": "2815414b-baa8-4977-9388-8d8b08cf5962", "adv_source_id": "2815414b-baa8-4977-9388-8d8b08cf5962", "source_id": "2815414b-baa8-4977-9388-8d8b08cf5962", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photon Production From The Scattering of Axions Out of a Solenoidal\n Magnetic Field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate the total cross section for the production of photons from the\nscattering of axions by a strong inhomogeneous magnetic field in the form of a\n2D delta-function, a cylindrical step function and a 2D Gaussian distribution,\nwhich can be approximately produced by a solenoidal current. The theoretical\nresult is used to estimate the axion-photon conversion probability which could\nbe expected in a reasonable experimental situation. The calculated conversion\nprobabilities for QCD inspired axions are bigger by a factor of 2.67 (for the\ncylindrical step function case) than those derived by applying the celebrated\n1D calculation of the (inverse) coherent Primakoff effect. We also consider\nscattering at a resonance $E_{axion} \\sim m_{axion}$, which corresponds to the\nscattering from a delta-function and gives the most enhanced results. Finally,\nwe analyze the results of this work in the astrophysical extension to suggest a\nway in which they may be directed to a solution to some basic solar physics\nproblems and, in particular, the coronal heating problem.\n" }, { "id": "dd8777b0-a2f2-44f2-ac23-eaba1f2d7eee", "adv_source_id": "dd8777b0-a2f2-44f2-ac23-eaba1f2d7eee", "source_id": "dd8777b0-a2f2-44f2-ac23-eaba1f2d7eee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interaction of a graphene sheet with a ferromagnetic metal plate", "prompt": null, "generation": " Nanoscale surface forces such as Casimir and the van der Waals forces can\nhave a significant influence on fabrication, handling and assembly processes as\nwell as the performance of micro and nano devices. In this paper, the\ninvestigation and the calculation of the Casimir force between a graphene sheet\nand a ferromagnetic metal substrate in a vacuum are presented. The reflection\ncoefficients of graphene are graphene-conductivity dependent, and the\nconductivity of graphene is described by the Kubo formalism. There is an effect\nof magnetic properties of the metal on the Casimir interaction. The magnetic\neffect plays a significant role at low temperatures or high value of chemical\npotential. The numerical results also demonstrate that the thickness of a metal\nslab has a minor influence on the Casimir force. The investigation and findings\nabout the Casimir force in this study would lead to useful information and\neffective solutions for design and manufacturing of micro and nano devices,\nespecially in the areas of micro and nano machining, fabrication, manipulation,\nassembly and metrology.\n" }, { "id": "722bbc0d-3406-4630-bb0a-a977d1dc200b", "adv_source_id": "722bbc0d-3406-4630-bb0a-a977d1dc200b", "source_id": "722bbc0d-3406-4630-bb0a-a977d1dc200b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effect of C$_{60}$ giant resonance on the photoabsorption of encaged\n atoms", "prompt": null, "generation": " The absolute differential oscillator strengths (DOS's) for the\nphotoabsorption of the Ne, Ar, and Xe atoms encapsulated in the C$_{60}$ have\nbeen evaluated using the time-dependent-density-functional-theory, which solves\nthe quantum Liouvillian equation with the Lanczos chain method. The\ncalculations are performed in the energy regions both inside and outside the\nC$_{60}$ giant resonance. The photoabsorption spectra of the atoms encaged in\nthe C$_{60}$ demonstrate strong oscillations inside the energy range of the\nC$_{60}$ giant resonance. This type of oscillation cannot be explained by the\nconfinement resonance, but is due to the energy transfer from the C$_{60}$\nvalence electrons to the photoelectron through the intershell coupling.\n" }, { "id": "9a71cdec-5b80-4d00-a22c-79f375c228a9", "adv_source_id": "9a71cdec-5b80-4d00-a22c-79f375c228a9", "source_id": "9a71cdec-5b80-4d00-a22c-79f375c228a9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Time and Space Efficient Algorithm for Contextual Linear Bandits", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a multi-armed bandit problem where payoffs are a linear function\nof an observed stochastic contextual variable. In the scenario where there\nexists a gap between optimal and suboptimal rewards, several algorithms have\nbeen proposed that achieve $O(\\log T)$ regret after $T$ time steps. However,\nproposed methods either have a computation complexity per iteration that scales\nlinearly with $T$ or achieve regrets that grow linearly with the number of\ncontexts $|\\myset{X}|$. We propose an $\\epsilon$-greedy type of algorithm that\nsolves both limitations. In particular, when contexts are variables in\n$\\reals^d$, we prove that our algorithm has a constant computation complexity\nper iteration of $O(poly(d))$ and can achieve a regret of $O(poly(d) \\log T)$\neven when $|\\myset{X}| = \\Omega (2^d) $. In addition, unlike previous\nalgorithms, its space complexity scales like $O(Kd^2)$ and does not grow with\n$T$.\n" }, { "id": "373996da-4bbd-4e74-a258-9bdb9e5ee65d", "adv_source_id": "373996da-4bbd-4e74-a258-9bdb9e5ee65d", "source_id": "373996da-4bbd-4e74-a258-9bdb9e5ee65d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multipartite Leggett-type Inequalities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use two different approaches to derive multipartite Leggett-type\ninequalities, which are generalizations of the two-qubit Leggett-type\ninequality obtained in [Nature Phys. \\textbf{4}, 681 (2008)]. The first\napproach is based on the assumption that the probability distributions should\nbe non-negative. The second approach is based on a very simple algebraic\nequation and is, to some extent, easier than the first approach. Although these\ninequalities might not be the optimal ones in the sense that their quantum\nviolations may not be the strongest, our results make the first step of\ngeneralizing Leggett-type inequality to multi-qubit systems and provide the\npossibility to experimentally test non-local realism in such systems. Moreover,\nthe two approaches here may shed new light on the challenging problem of\nobtaining stronger multipartite Leggett-type inequalities.\n" }, { "id": "350f64c1-e7f0-4318-9914-2dc7701e4efa", "adv_source_id": "350f64c1-e7f0-4318-9914-2dc7701e4efa", "source_id": "350f64c1-e7f0-4318-9914-2dc7701e4efa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Wecken property for random maps on surfaces with boundary", "prompt": null, "generation": " A selfmap is Wecken when the minimal number of fixed points among all maps in\nits homotopy class is equal to the Nielsen number, a homotopy invariant lower\nbound on the number of fixed points. All selfmaps are Wecken for manifolds of\ndimension not equal to 2, but some non-Wecken maps exist on surfaces.\n We attempt to measure how common the Wecken property is on surfaces with\nboundary by estimating the proportion of maps which are Wecken, measured by\nasymptotic density. Intuitively, this is the probability that a randomly chosen\nhomotopy class of maps consists of Wecken maps. We show that this density is\nnonzero for surfaces with boundary.\n When the fundamental group of our space is free of rank n, we give nonzero\nlower bounds for the density of Wecken maps in terms of n, and compute the\n(nonzero) limit of these bounds as n goes to infinity.\n" }, { "id": "5715ddb2-d00c-4298-9f82-51afcb1b6062", "adv_source_id": "5715ddb2-d00c-4298-9f82-51afcb1b6062", "source_id": "5715ddb2-d00c-4298-9f82-51afcb1b6062", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Novel Approach of Color Image Hiding using RGB Color planes and DWT", "prompt": null, "generation": " This work proposes a wavelet based Steganographic technique for the color\nimage. The true color cover image and the true color secret image both are\ndecomposed into three separate color planes namely R, G and B. Each plane of\nthe images is decomposed into four sub bands using DWT. Each color plane of the\nsecret image is hidden by alpha blending technique in the corresponding sub\nbands of the respective color planes of the original image. During embedding,\nsecret image is dispersed within the original image depending upon the alpha\nvalue. Extraction of the secret image varies according to the alpha value. In\nthis approach the stego image generated is of acceptable level of\nimperceptibility and distortion compared to the cover image and the overall\nsecurity is high.\n" }, { "id": "b7ae3195-1472-44b7-80b3-8545551dd830", "adv_source_id": "b7ae3195-1472-44b7-80b3-8545551dd830", "source_id": "b7ae3195-1472-44b7-80b3-8545551dd830", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Back and forth from cool core to non-cool core: clues from radio-halos", "prompt": null, "generation": " X-ray astronomers often divide galaxy clusters into two classes: \"cool core\"\n(CC) and \"non-cool core\" (NCC) objects. The origin of this dichotomy has been\nthe subject of debate in recent years, between \"evolutionary\" models (where\nclusters can evolve from CC to NCC, mainly through mergers) and \"primordial\"\nmodels (where the state of the cluster is fixed \"ab initio\" by early mergers or\npre-heating). We found that in a well-defined sample (clusters in the GMRT\nRadio halo survey with available Chandra or XMM-Newton data), none of the\nobjects hosting a giant radio halo can be classified as a cool core. This\nresult suggests that the main mechanisms which can start a large scale\nsynchrotron emission (most likely mergers) are the same that can destroy CC and\ntherefore strongly supports \"evolutionary\" models of the CC-NCC dichotomy.\nMoreover combining the number of objects in the CC and NCC state with the\nnumber of objects with and without a radio-halo, we estimated that the time\nscale over which a NCC cluster relaxes to the CC state, should be larger than\nthe typical life-time of radio-halos and likely shorter than about 3 Gyr. This\nsuggests that NCC transform into CC more rapidly than predicted from the\ncooling time, which is about 10 Gyr in NCC systems, allowing the possibility of\na cyclical evolution between the CC and NCC states.\n" }, { "id": "252a4006-e1f6-45ea-8556-5040d27cc55e", "adv_source_id": "252a4006-e1f6-45ea-8556-5040d27cc55e", "source_id": "252a4006-e1f6-45ea-8556-5040d27cc55e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The T2K Side Muon Range Detector", "prompt": null, "generation": " The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment aiming\nto observe the appearance of {\\nu} e in a {\\nu}{\\mu} beam. The {\\nu}{\\mu} beam\nis produced at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), observed\nwith the 295 km distant Super- Kamiokande Detector and monitored by a suite of\nnear detectors at 280m from the proton target. The near detectors include a\nmagnetized off-axis detector (ND280) which measures the un-oscillated neutrino\nflux and neutrino cross sections. The present paper describes the outermost\ncomponent of ND280 which is a side muon range detector (SMRD) composed of\nscintillation counters with embedded wavelength shifting fibers and Multi-Pixel\nPhoton Counter read-out. The components, performance and response of the SMRD\nare presented.\n" }, { "id": "dee08b80-67ff-459a-b067-52669b607fad", "adv_source_id": "dee08b80-67ff-459a-b067-52669b607fad", "source_id": "dee08b80-67ff-459a-b067-52669b607fad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Searches for Supersymmetry at High-Energy Colliders", "prompt": null, "generation": " This review summarizes the state of the art in searches for supersymmetry at\ncolliders on the eve of the LHC era. Supersymmetry is unique among extensions\nof the standard model in being motivated by naturalness, dark matter, and force\nunification, both with and without gravity. At the same time, weak-scale\nsupersymmetry encompasses a wide range of experimental signals that are also\nfound in many other frameworks. We recall the motivations for supersymmetry and\nreview the various models and their distinctive features. We then\ncomprehensively summarize searches for neutral and charged Higgs bosons and\nstandard model superpartners at the high energy frontier, considering both\ncanonical and non-canonical supersymmetric models, and including results from\nLEP, HERA, and the Tevatron.\n" }, { "id": "7cd6e391-3148-4cee-9f5c-2872d508a8a2", "adv_source_id": "7cd6e391-3148-4cee-9f5c-2872d508a8a2", "source_id": "7cd6e391-3148-4cee-9f5c-2872d508a8a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some aspects of simulation and realization of an optical reference\n cavity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The interrogation of an ultra-narrow clock transition of a single trapped ion\nfor optical frequency metrology requires a laser stabilized to a couple of Hz\nper second with a linewidth of the same order of magnitude. Today, lasers in\nthe visible have reached the Hz-range in frequency stability, if locked onto a\nhigh-finesse, ultra-stable reference cavity. Vertical mounting of the reference\ncavity can reduce its sensitivity to vibrations as described in\n\\cite{notcutt05}. We have designed a comparable vertical cavity with an overall\nlength of 150 mm resulting in a Free Spectral Range of 1GHz. Optimisation of\nthe cavity design has been carried out with a Finite-Elements Method, leading\nto expected relative length variations below 10$^{-14}$ under the influence of\ngravity acceleration (1 $g$). The variation of different geometric parameters\nhas been studied. The analysis of the different noise sources shows that, for a\nregime superior to a tenth of a hertz, the fast linewidth of the laser will not\nbe limited by the cavity characteristics.\n" }, { "id": "91daedac-26b5-4392-901a-72524df487f0", "adv_source_id": "91daedac-26b5-4392-901a-72524df487f0", "source_id": "91daedac-26b5-4392-901a-72524df487f0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Counting Independent Sets and Kernels of Regular Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Chandrasekaran, Chertkov, Gamarnik, Shah, and Shin recently proved that the\naverage number of independent sets of random regular graphs of size n and\ndegree 3 approaches w^n for large n, where w is approximately 1.54563,\nconsistent with the Bethe approximation. They also made the surprising\nconjecture that the fluctuations of the logarithm of the number of independent\nsets were only O(1) as n grew large, which would mean that the Bethe\napproximation is amazingly accurate for all 3-regular graphs. Here, I provide\nnumerical evidence supporting this conjecture obtained from exact counts of\nindependent sets using binary decision diagrams. I also provide numerical\nevidence that supports the novel conjectures that the number of kernels of\n3-regular graphs of size n is given by y^n, where y is approximately 1.299, and\nthat the fluctuations in the logarithm of the number of kernels is also only\nO(1).\n" }, { "id": "9402b429-b399-4a7a-9694-dafba89511d6", "adv_source_id": "9402b429-b399-4a7a-9694-dafba89511d6", "source_id": "9402b429-b399-4a7a-9694-dafba89511d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Particle Interactions in Matter at the Terascale: the Cosmic-Ray\n Experience", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cosmic-rays with energies up to $3\\times10^{20}$ eV have been observed, as\nhave as have astrophysical neutrinos with energies above 1 PeV. In this talk, I\nwill discuss some of the unique phenomena that occur when particles with TeV\nenergies and above interact with matter. The emphasis will be on lepton\ninteractions. The cross-sections for electron bremsstrahlung and photon pair\nconversion are suppressed at high energies, by the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal\n(LPM) effect, lengthening electromagnetic showers. At still higher energies\n(above $10^{20}$ eV), photonuclear and electronuclear interactions dominate,\nand showers become predominantly hadronic. Muons interact much less strongly,\nso can travel long distances through solids before losing energy. Tau leptons\nbehave similarly, although their short livetime limits how far they can travel.\nThe hadronic interaction cross-section is believed to continue to increase\nslowly with rising energy; measurements of cosmic-ray air showers support this\nprediction.\n" }, { "id": "b0bf7f02-8b78-4f0a-8daf-01e5b0beab25", "adv_source_id": "b0bf7f02-8b78-4f0a-8daf-01e5b0beab25", "source_id": "b0bf7f02-8b78-4f0a-8daf-01e5b0beab25", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Higher Twist in Electroproduction: Flavor Non-Singlet QCD Evolution", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results for the one loop anomalous dimension matrix of flavor\nnon-singlet twist-4 operators of lowest spin that contribute to the leading\nmoment of the $F_2$ structure function in deep inelastic electron-nucleon\nscattering. We analyze the flavor structure of the anomalous dimension matrix\nand decompose the leading moment of $F_2$ into separate flavor channels. In\naddition to building on previous work with higher-twist operators, these\nresults can provide a benchmark for future work that generalizes to include the\nhigher moments as well. We include non-perturbative input from the lattice and\nphenomenological estimates of the twist-4 matrix elements and estimate the\ntwist-4 contributions to the leading moment of $F_2$. The results suggest that\nthe overall twist-4 contribution may be suppressed due to either cancellations\namong the twist-4 terms or inherently small twist-4 matrix elements.\n" }, { "id": "bfb24169-6d1e-4508-861c-be48e78099f4", "adv_source_id": "bfb24169-6d1e-4508-861c-be48e78099f4", "source_id": "bfb24169-6d1e-4508-861c-be48e78099f4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Database Transposition for Constrained (Closed) Pattern Mining", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, different works proposed a new way to mine patterns in databases\nwith pathological size. For example, experiments in genome biology usually\nprovide databases with thousands of attributes (genes) but only tens of objects\n(experiments). In this case, mining the \"transposed\" database runs through a\nsmaller search space, and the Galois connection allows to infer the closed\npatterns of the original database. We focus here on constrained pattern mining\nfor those unusual databases and give a theoretical framework for database and\nconstraint transposition. We discuss the properties of constraint transposition\nand look into classical constraints. We then address the problem of generating\nthe closed patterns of the original database satisfying the constraint,\nstarting from those mined in the \"transposed\" database. Finally, we show how to\ngenerate all the patterns satisfying the constraint from the closed ones.\n" }, { "id": "0900876f-434a-4d08-8b06-c50b9d8b6f20", "adv_source_id": "0900876f-434a-4d08-8b06-c50b9d8b6f20", "source_id": "0900876f-434a-4d08-8b06-c50b9d8b6f20", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling Amphiphilic Solutes in a Jagla Solvent", "prompt": null, "generation": " Methanol is an amphiphilic solute whose aqueous solutions exhibit distinctive\nphysical properties. The volume change upon mixing, for example, is negative\nacross the entire composition range, indicating strong association. We explore\nthe corresponding behavior of a Jagla solvent, which has been previously shown\nto exhibit many of the anomalous properties of water. We consider two models of\nan amphiphilic solute: (i) a \"dimer\" model, which consists of one hydrophobic\nhard sphere linked to a Jagla particle with a permanent bond, and (ii) a\n\"monomer\" model, which is a limiting case of the dimer, formed by\nconcentrically overlapping a hard sphere and a Jagla particle. Using discrete\nmolecular dynamics, we calculate the thermodynamic properties of the resulting\nsolutions. We systematically vary the set of parameters of the dimer and\nmonomer models and find that one can readily reproduce the experimental\nbehavior of the excess volume of the methanolwater system as a function of\nmethanol volume fraction. We compare the pressure and temperature dependence of\nthe excess volume and the excess enthalpy of both models with experimental data\non methanol-water solutions and find qualitative agreement in most cases. We\nalso investigate the solute effect on the temperature of maximum density and\nfind that the effect of concentration isorders of magnitude stronger than\nmeasured experimentally.\n" }, { "id": "77ed7e6b-c286-49a7-8974-179bfbf76bef", "adv_source_id": "77ed7e6b-c286-49a7-8974-179bfbf76bef", "source_id": "77ed7e6b-c286-49a7-8974-179bfbf76bef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Preferential Forest-assembly of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on\n Low-energy Electron-beam Patterned Nafion Films", "prompt": null, "generation": " With the aid of low-energy (500 eV) electron-beam direct writing, patterns of\nperpendicularly-aligned Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) forests were\nrealized on Nafion modified substrates via Fe3+ assisted self-assembly.\nInfrared spectroscopy (IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) profilometry and\ncontact angle measurements indicated that low-energy electron-beam cleaved the\nhydrophilic side chains (-SO3H and C-O-C) of Nafion to low molecular byproducts\nthat sublimed in the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment exposing the\nhydrophobic Nafion backbone. Auger mapping and AFM microscopy affirmed that the\nexposed hydrophobic domains absorbed considerably less Fe3+ ions upon exposure\nto pH 2.2 aqueous FeCl3 solution, which yield considerably less FeO(OH)/FeOCl\nprecipitates (FeO(OH) in majority) upon washing with lightly basic DMF solution\ncontaining trace amounts of adsorbed moisture. Such differential deposition of\nFeO(OH)/FeOCl precipitates provided the basis for the patterned site-specific\nself-assembly of SWNT forests as demonstrated by AFM and resonance Raman\nspectroscopy.\n" }, { "id": "5b86266a-1fc5-410d-b2d6-ab4712fe4db9", "adv_source_id": "5b86266a-1fc5-410d-b2d6-ab4712fe4db9", "source_id": "5b86266a-1fc5-410d-b2d6-ab4712fe4db9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "IRAS 15099-5856: Remarkable Mid-Infrared Source with Prominent\n Crystalline Silicate Emission Embedded in the Supernova Remnant MSH15-52", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report new mid-infrared observations of the remarkable object IRAS\n15099-5856 using the space telescopes AKARI and Spitzer, which demonstrate the\npresence of prominent crystalline silicate emission in this bright source. IRAS\n15099-5856 has a complex morphology with a bright central compact source (IRS1)\nsurrounded by knots, spurs, and several extended (~4') arc-like filaments. The\nsource is seen only at >= 10 um. The Spitzer MIR spectrum of IRS1 shows\nprominent emission features from Mg-rich crystalline silicates, strong [Ne II]\n12.81 um and several other faint ionic lines. We model the MIR spectrum as\nthermal emission from dust and compare with the Herbig Be star HD 100546 and\nthe luminous blue variable R71, which show very similar MIR spectra. Molecular\nline observations reveal two molecular clouds around the source, but no\nassociated dense molecular cores. We suggest that IRS1 is heated by UV\nradiation from the adjacent O star Muzzio 10 and that its crystalline silicates\nmost likely originated in a mass outflow from the progenitor of the supernova\nremnant (SNR) MSH 15-52. IRS1, which is embedded in the SNR, could have been\nshielded from the SN blast wave if the progenitor was in a close binary system\nwith Muzzio 10. If MSH15-52 is a remnant of Type Ib/c supernova (SN Ib/c), as\nhas been previously proposed, this would confirm the binary model for SN Ib/c.\nIRS1 and the associated structures may be the relics of massive star death, as\nshaped by the supernova explosion, the pulsar wind and the intense ionizing\nradiation of the embedded O star.\n" }, { "id": "18f4d690-9cdb-497a-837b-3303d14f006d", "adv_source_id": "18f4d690-9cdb-497a-837b-3303d14f006d", "source_id": "18f4d690-9cdb-497a-837b-3303d14f006d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Applying a resources framework to analysis of the Force and Motion\n Conceptual Evaluation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We suggest one redefinition of common clusters of questions used to analyze\nstudent responses on the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE). Our\ngoal is to move beyond the expert/novice analysis of student learning based on\npre-/post-testing and the correctness of responses (either on the overall test\nor on clusters of questions defined solely by content). We use a resources\nframework, taking special note of the contextual and representational\ndependence of questions with seemingly similar physics content. We analyze\nclusters in ways that allow the most common incorrect answers to give as much,\nor more, information as the correctness of responses in that cluster.\nFurthermore, we show that false positives can be found, especially on questions\ndealing with Newton's Third Law.\n" }, { "id": "b26c5c4c-7ca9-4e61-96cd-0b362d4378d0", "adv_source_id": "b26c5c4c-7ca9-4e61-96cd-0b362d4378d0", "source_id": "b26c5c4c-7ca9-4e61-96cd-0b362d4378d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unified Analytical Solution for Radial Flow to a Well in a Confined\n Aquifer", "prompt": null, "generation": " Drawdowns generated by extracting water from a large diameter (e.g. water\nsupply) well are affected by wellbore storage. We present an analytical\nsolution in Laplace transformed space for drawdown in a uniform anisotropic\naquifer caused by withdrawing water at a constant rate from a partially\npenetrating well with storage. The solution is back transformed into the time\ndomain numerically. When the pumping well is fully penetrating our solution\nreduces to that of Papadopulos and Cooper [1967]; Hantush [1964] when the\npumping well has no wellbore storage; Theis [1935] when both conditions are\nfulfilled and Yang et.al. [2006] when the pumping well is partially\npenetrating, has finite radius but lacks storage. We use our solution to\nexplore graphically the effects of partial penetration, wellbore storage and\nanisotropy on time evolutions of drawdown in the pumping well and in\nobservation wells.\n" }, { "id": "151af1f1-6b23-4d1d-891c-78676a8c0886", "adv_source_id": "151af1f1-6b23-4d1d-891c-78676a8c0886", "source_id": "151af1f1-6b23-4d1d-891c-78676a8c0886", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Higher symmetries of the conformal powers of the Laplacian on\n conformally flat manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " On locally conformally flat manifolds we describe a construction which maps\ngeneralised conformal Killing tensors to differential operators which may act\non any conformally weighted tensor bundle; the operators in the range have the\nproperty that they are symmetries of any natural conformally invariant\ndifferential operator between such bundles. These are used to construct all\nsymmetries of the conformally invariant powers of the Laplacian (often called\nthe GJMS operators) on manifolds of dimension at least 3. In particular this\nyields all symmetries of the powers of the Laplacian $\\Delta^k$, $k\\in\n\\mathbb{Z}>0$, on Euclidean space $\\mathbb{E}^n$. The algebra formed by the\nsymmetry operators is described explicitly.\n" }, { "id": "2e207c94-1dfd-4c12-bbd0-17fd7463273c", "adv_source_id": "2e207c94-1dfd-4c12-bbd0-17fd7463273c", "source_id": "2e207c94-1dfd-4c12-bbd0-17fd7463273c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two-Photon Widths of the chi_cJ States of Charmonium", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using a data sample of 24.5 million psi(2S) the reactions psi(2S)->gamma\nchi_cJ, chi_cJ->gamma gamma have been studied for the first time to determine\nthe two-photon widths of the chi_cJ states of charmonium in their decay into\ntwo photons. The measured quantities are B(psi(2S)->gamma\nchi_c0)xB(chi_c0->gamma gamma)=(2.22+-0.32+-0.10)x10^-5, and B(psi(2S)->gamma\nchi_c2)xB(chi_c2->gamma gamma)=(2.70+-0.28+-0.15)x10^-5. Using values for\nB(psi(2S)->gamma chi_c0,c2) and \\Gamma(chi_c0,c2) from the literature the\ntwo-photon widths are derived to be \\Gamma_{gamma\ngamma}(chi_c0)=(2.53+-0.37+-0.26) keV, \\Gamma_{gamma\ngamma}(chi_c2)=(0.60+-0.06+-0.06) keV, and R=\\Gamma_{gamma\ngamma}(chi_c2)/\\Gamma_{gamma gamma}(chi_c0)= 0.237+-0.043+-0.034. The\nimportance of the measurement of R is emphasized. For the forbidden transition,\nchi_c1->gamma gamma, an upper limit of \\Gamma_{gamma gamma}(chi_c1)<0.03 keV is\nestablished.\n" }, { "id": "0aee1e8f-7faa-4ef9-9901-640e5fc5dc15", "adv_source_id": "0aee1e8f-7faa-4ef9-9901-640e5fc5dc15", "source_id": "0aee1e8f-7faa-4ef9-9901-640e5fc5dc15", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Radial Velocity and Metallicity of the Globular Cluster IC4499 Obtained\n with AAOmega", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present radial velocity and metallicity measurements for the far-southern\nGalactic globular cluster IC4499. We selected several hundred target red giant\nstars in and around the cluster from the 2MASS point source catalog, and\nobtained spectra at the near-infrared calcium triplet using the AAOmega\nspectrograph. Observations of giants in globular clusters M4, M22, and M68 were\ntaken to provide radial velocity and metallicity comparison objects. Based on\nvelocity data we conclude that 43 of our targets are cluster members, by far\nthe largest sample of IC4499 giants spectroscopically studied. We determine the\nmean heliocentric radial velocity of the cluster to be 31.5 plus or minus 0.4\nkm/s, and find the most likely central velocity dispersion to be 2.5 plus or\nminus 0.5 km/s. This leads to a dynamical mass estimate for the cluster of 93\nplus or minus 37 thousand solar masses. We are sensitive to cluster rotation\ndown to an amplitude of about 1 km/s, but no evidence for cluster rotation is\nseen. The cluster metallicity is found to be [Fe/H] = -1.52 plus or minus 0.12\non the Carretta-Gratton scale. The radial velocity of the cluster, previously\nhighly uncertain, is consistent with membership in the Monoceros tidal stream,\nbut also with a halo origin. The horizontal branch morphology of the cluster is\nslightly redder than average for its metallicity, but it is likely not\nunusually young compared to other clusters of the halo. The new constraints on\nthe cluster kinematics and metallicity may give insight into its extremely high\nspecific frequency of RR Lyrae stars.\n" }, { "id": "9ba7d225-8890-4a15-9742-01607f939e53", "adv_source_id": "9ba7d225-8890-4a15-9742-01607f939e53", "source_id": "9ba7d225-8890-4a15-9742-01607f939e53", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Quantum-mechanical description of ion motion within the confining\n potentials of voltage gated ion channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " Voltage gated channel proteins cooperate in the transmission of membrane\npotentials between nerve cells. With the recent progress in atomic-scaled\nbiological chemistry it has now become established that these channel proteins\nprovide highly correlated atomic environments that may maintain electronic\ncoherences even at warm temperatures. Here we demonstrate solutions of the\nSchr\\\"{o}dinger equation that represent the interaction of a single potassium\nion within the surrounding carbonyl dipoles in the Berneche-Roux model of the\nbacterial \\textit{KcsA} model channel. We show that, depending on the\nsurrounding carbonyl derived potentials, alkali ions can become highly\ndelocalized in the filter region of proteins at warm temperatures. We provide\nestimations about the temporal evolution of the kinetic energy of ions\ndepending on their interaction with other ions, their location within the\noxygen cage of the proteins filter region and depending on different\noscillation frequencies of the surrounding carbonyl groups. Our results provide\nthe first evidence that quantum mechanical properties are needed to explain a\nfundamental biological property such as ion-selectivity in trans-membrane\nion-currents and the effect on gating kinetics and shaping of classical\nconductances in electrically excitable cells.\n" }, { "id": "13e33d76-276d-4310-b8fc-ca9f33583a69", "adv_source_id": "13e33d76-276d-4310-b8fc-ca9f33583a69", "source_id": "13e33d76-276d-4310-b8fc-ca9f33583a69", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exact solution and exotic fluid in cosmology", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate cosmological consequences of nonlinear sigma model coupled\nwith a cosmological fluid which satisfies the continuity equation. The target\nspace action is of de Sitter type and is composed of four scalar fields. The\npotential which is a function of only one of the scalar fields is also\nintroduced. We perform a general analysis of the ensuing cosmological equations\nand give various critical points and their properties. Then, we show that the\nmodel exhibits exact cosmological solution which yields a transition from\nmatter domination into dark energy and compare it with the $\\Lambda$CDM\nbehavior. Especially, we calculate the age of the Universe and show that it is\nconsistent with the observational value if the equation of the state $\\omega_f$\nfor the cosmological fluid is within the range of $0.13 < \\omega_f < 0.22.$\nSome implication of this result is also discussed.\n" }, { "id": "3cd9a5e2-27a4-4ca1-bbf2-5be85ae9f2ef", "adv_source_id": "3cd9a5e2-27a4-4ca1-bbf2-5be85ae9f2ef", "source_id": "3cd9a5e2-27a4-4ca1-bbf2-5be85ae9f2ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time reparametrization invariance in arbitrary range p-spin models:\n symmetric versus non-symmetric dynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the existence of time reparametrization symmetry in p-spin models.\nUsing the Martin-Siggia-Rose generating functional, we analytically probe the\nlong-time dynamics. We perform a renormalization group analysis where we\nsystematically integrate over short timescale fluctuations. We find three\nfamilies of stable fixed points and study the symmetry of those fixed points\nwith respect to time reparametrizations. One of those families is composed\nentirely of symmetric fixed points, which are associated with the low\ntemperature dynamics. The other two families are composed entirely of\nnon-symmetric fixed points. One of these two non-symmetric families corresponds\nto the high temperature dynamics.\n Time reparametrization symmetry is a continuous symmetry that is\nspontaneously broken in the glass state and we argue that this gives rise to\nthe presence of Goldstone modes. We expect the Goldstone modes to determine the\nproperties of fluctuations in the glass state, in particular predicting the\npresence of dynamical heterogeneity.\n" }, { "id": "4fb222ba-fd9e-4a9d-8fae-9a4005eea461", "adv_source_id": "4fb222ba-fd9e-4a9d-8fae-9a4005eea461", "source_id": "4fb222ba-fd9e-4a9d-8fae-9a4005eea461", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Economical standard quantum process tomography", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, Bendersky \\emph{et al.} developed a method to complete the task of\ncharacterizing an arbitrary $\\chi$ matrix element in a scalable way, Phys. Rev.\nLett. Vol. \\textbf{100}, 190403(2008), where an auxiliary system was needed. In\npresent work, we shall show that the same task can also be completed within the\nscheme of standard quantum process tomography (SQPT) where there is no\nrequirement for ancilla. Our method depends on two observations: With the\nelaborately chosen operators basis, the SQPT may have an economical form where\na single run of experiment, in which we measure the expectation value of a\nchosen operator in the outport of the quantum channel with a known input, is\nsufficient to characterize a selected $\\chi$ matrix element; With the progress\nrecently achieved in quantum entanglement detection, we also find that the\nnumber of the experimental settings to realize the experiment for the selected\n$\\chi$ matrix element does not exceed 2N for the N-qubits system. For practice,\nour scheme can be applied for the cases where the controlled two-body\ninteraction is neither available nor desirable.\n" }, { "id": "2f491d6d-fca0-4d00-aa93-5156d0c29826", "adv_source_id": "2f491d6d-fca0-4d00-aa93-5156d0c29826", "source_id": "2f491d6d-fca0-4d00-aa93-5156d0c29826", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Asymptotic Connectivity of Random Networks under the Random\n Connection Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider a network where all nodes are distributed on a unit square following\na Poisson distribution with known density $\\rho$ and a pair of nodes separated\nby an Euclidean distance $x$ are directly connected with probability\n$g(\\frac{x}{r_{\\rho}})$, where $g:[0,\\infty)\\rightarrow[0,1]$ satisfies three\nconditions: rotational invariance, non-increasing monotonicity and integral\nboundedness, $r_{\\rho}=\\sqrt{\\frac{\\log\\rho+b}{C\\rho}}$,\n$C=\\int_{\\Re^{2}}g(\\Vert \\boldsymbol{x}\\Vert)d\\boldsymbol{x}$ and $b$ is a\nconstant, independent of the event that another pair of nodes are directly\nconnected. In this paper, we analyze the asymptotic distribution of the number\nof isolated nodes in the above network using the Chen-Stein technique and the\nimpact of the boundary effect on the number of isolated nodes as\n$\\rho\\rightarrow\\infty$. On that basis we derive a necessary condition for the\nabove network to be asymptotically almost surely connected. These results form\nan important link in expanding recent results on the connectivity of the random\ngeometric graphs from the commonly used unit disk model to the more generic and\nmore practical random connection model.\n" }, { "id": "16cfdb88-c35a-4815-aff6-1b6038dd84e8", "adv_source_id": "16cfdb88-c35a-4815-aff6-1b6038dd84e8", "source_id": "16cfdb88-c35a-4815-aff6-1b6038dd84e8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Friendship networks and social status", "prompt": null, "generation": " In empirical studies of friendship networks participants are typically asked,\nin interviews or questionnaires, to identify some or all of their close\nfriends, resulting in a directed network in which friendships can, and often\ndo, run in only one direction between a pair of individuals. Here we analyze a\nlarge collection of such networks representing friendships among students at US\nhigh and junior-high schools and show that the pattern of unreciprocated\nfriendships is far from random. In every network, without exception, we find\nthat there exists a ranking of participants, from low to high, such that almost\nall unreciprocated friendships consist of a lower-ranked individual claiming\nfriendship with a higher-ranked one. We present a maximum-likelihood method for\ndeducing such rankings from observed network data and conjecture that the\nrankings produced reflect a measure of social status. We note in particular\nthat reciprocated and unreciprocated friendships obey different statistics,\nsuggesting different formation processes, and that rankings are correlated with\nother characteristics of the participants that are traditionally associated\nwith status, such as age and overall popularity as measured by total number of\nfriends.\n" }, { "id": "0d453ef6-81bd-451d-a69c-426eb394be44", "adv_source_id": "0d453ef6-81bd-451d-a69c-426eb394be44", "source_id": "0d453ef6-81bd-451d-a69c-426eb394be44", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Flavour violation in supersymmetric SO(10) unification with a type II\n seesaw mechanism", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study flavour violation in a supersymmetric SO(10) implementation of the\ntype II seesaw mechanism, which provides a predictive realization of triplet\nleptogenesis. The experimental upper bounds on lepton flavour violating\nprocesses have a significant impact on the leptogenesis dynamics, in particular\nthey exclude the strong washout regime. Requiring successful leptogenesis then\nconstrains the otherwise largely unknown overall size of flavour-violating\nobservables, thus yielding testable predictions. In particular, the branching\nratio for mu -> e gamma lies within the reach of the MEG experiment if the\nsuperpartner spectrum is accessible at the LHC, and the supersymmetric\ncontribution to epsilon_K can account for a significant part of the\nexperimental value. We show that this scenario can be realized in a consistent\nSO(10) model achieving gauge symmetry breaking and doublet-triplet splitting in\nagreement with the proton decay bounds, improving on the MSSM prediction for\nalpha_3(m_Z), and reproducing the measured quark and lepton masses.\n" }, { "id": "1f7a2ae9-9174-442d-9688-760fcd314a85", "adv_source_id": "1f7a2ae9-9174-442d-9688-760fcd314a85", "source_id": "1f7a2ae9-9174-442d-9688-760fcd314a85", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Differential and Twistor Geometry of the Quantum Hopf Fibration", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study a quantum version of the SU(2) Hopf fibration $S^7 \\to S^4$ and its\nassociated twistor geometry. Our quantum sphere $S^7_q$ arises as the unit\nsphere inside a q-deformed quaternion space $\\mathbb{H}^2_q$. The resulting\nfour-sphere $S^4_q$ is a quantum analogue of the quaternionic projective space\n$\\mathbb{HP}^1$. The quantum fibration is endowed with compatible non-universal\ndifferential calculi. By investigating the quantum symmetries of the fibration,\nwe obtain the geometry of the corresponding twistor space $\\mathbb{CP}^3_q$ and\nuse it to study a system of anti-self-duality equations on $S^4_q$, for which\nwe find an `instanton' solution coming from the natural projection defining the\ntautological bundle over $S^4_q$.\n" }, { "id": "87f3454b-5afb-4f4a-8e40-b9d05d1e7528", "adv_source_id": "87f3454b-5afb-4f4a-8e40-b9d05d1e7528", "source_id": "87f3454b-5afb-4f4a-8e40-b9d05d1e7528", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-orthogonal geometric realizations of Coxeter groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " We define in an axiomatic fashion a \\emph{Coxeter datum} for an arbitrary\nCoxeter group $W$. This Coxeter datum will specify a pair of reflection\nrepresentations of $W$ in two vector spaces linked only by a bilinear paring\nwithout any integrality and non-degeneracy requirements. These representations\nare not required to be embeddings of $W$ in the orthogonal group of any vector\nspace, and they give rise to a pair of inter-related root systems generalizing\nthe classical root systems of Coxeter groups. We obtain comparison results\nbetween these non-orthogonal root systems and the classical root systems.\nFurther, we study the equivalent of the Tits cone in these non-orthogonal\nrepresentations, and we show that strong results on the geometry in the\nequivalent of the Tits cone can be obtained.\n" }, { "id": "5980033d-53a4-46a7-9415-256316ccd646", "adv_source_id": "5980033d-53a4-46a7-9415-256316ccd646", "source_id": "5980033d-53a4-46a7-9415-256316ccd646", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Single-Dirac-cone Z2 topological insulator phases in distorted\n Li2AgSb-class and related quantum critical Li-based spin-orbit compounds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have extended our new materials class search for the experimental\nrealization of Z2 topological insulators from binary [Bi2Se3-class, Xia et.al.,\nNature Phys. 5, 398 (2009)] and the ternary [Half-Heusler class, Lin et.al.,\narXiv:1003.0155v1 (2010); arXiv:1003.2615v1 (2010)] series to non-Heusler\nLi-based ternary intermetallic series Li2M'X ($M'$=Cu, Ag, and Au, $X$=Sb and\nBi) with CuHg2Ti-type structure. We discovered that the distorted-Li2AgSb is a\nlightweight compound harboring a 3D topological insulator state with Z2=-1\nalthough the groundstate lies near a critical point, whereas the related\nLi2CuSb-type compounds are topologically trivial. Non-Heusler ternary Li2M'X\nseries (with a number of variant compounds) we identified here is a new\nplatform for deriving novel stoichiometric compounds, artificial\nquantum-well/heterostructures, nano-wires, nano-ribbons and nanocrystals. We\nhave grown some of these bulk materials (experimental results will be reported\nseparately).\n" }, { "id": "a2bfb5bc-7a04-45d2-aaa3-0358a2a07bc6", "adv_source_id": "a2bfb5bc-7a04-45d2-aaa3-0358a2a07bc6", "source_id": "a2bfb5bc-7a04-45d2-aaa3-0358a2a07bc6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Topological Magnetic Insulators with Corundum Structure", "prompt": null, "generation": " Topological insulators are new states of quantum matter in which surface\nstates residing in the bulk insulating gap are protected by time-reversal\nsymmetry. When a proper kind of antiferromagnetic long range order is\nestablished in a topological insulator, the system supports axionic\nexcitations. In this paper, we study theoretically the electronic states in a\ntransition metal oxide of corundum structure, in which both spin-orbit\ninteraction and electron-electron interaction play crucial roles. A\ntight-binding model analysis predicts that materials with this structure can be\nstrong topological insulator. Because of the electron correlation, an\nantiferromagnetic order may develop, giving rise to a topological magnetic\ninsulator phase with axionic excitations.\n" }, { "id": "a7e97e5e-c7a3-4232-a10c-a7a16e76cda0", "adv_source_id": "a7e97e5e-c7a3-4232-a10c-a7a16e76cda0", "source_id": "a7e97e5e-c7a3-4232-a10c-a7a16e76cda0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Connectivity properties of random interlacement and intersection of\n random walks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the interlacement Poisson point process on the space of\ndoubly-infinite Z^d-valued trajectories modulo time-shift, tending to infinity\nat positive and negative infinite times. The set of vertices and edges visited\nby at least one of these trajectories is the random interlacement at level u of\nSznitman arXiv:0704.2560 . We prove that for any u>0, almost surely, (1) any\ntwo vertices in the random interlacement at level u are connected via at most\nceiling(d/2) trajectories of the point process, and (2) there are vertices in\nthe random interlacement at level u which can only be connected via at least\nceiling(d/2) trajectories of the point process. In particular, this implies the\nalready known result of Sznitman arXiv:0704.2560 that the random interlacement\nat level u is connected.\n" }, { "id": "c1cb6fdb-2940-42a4-a46e-4890ef08f9b1", "adv_source_id": "c1cb6fdb-2940-42a4-a46e-4890ef08f9b1", "source_id": "c1cb6fdb-2940-42a4-a46e-4890ef08f9b1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The innermost region of the water megamaser radio galaxy 3C403", "prompt": null, "generation": " The standard unified scheme of active galactic nuclei requires the presence\nof high column densities of gas and dust potentially obscuring the central\nengine. So far, few direct subarcsecond resolution studies of this material\nhave been performed toward radio galaxies. The goal of this paper is to\nelucidate the nuclear environment of the prototypical X-shaped Fanaroff-Riley\ntype II radio galaxy 3C403, the only powerful radio galaxy known to host a\nwater megamaser. Very Large Array A-array and single-dish Green Bank and\nEffelsberg 1.3 cm measurements were performed to locate and monitor the water\nmaser emission. Very Long Baseline Interferometry 6 cm continuum observations\nwere taken to analyze the spatial structure of the nuclear environment at even\nsmaller scales, while the CO J=1-0 and 2-1 transitions were observed with the\nIRAM 30-m telescope to search for thermal emission from a spatially extended,\nmoderately dense gas component.[abridged]\n" }, { "id": "b43995ab-c4fa-4487-88a6-5221305f17b3", "adv_source_id": "b43995ab-c4fa-4487-88a6-5221305f17b3", "source_id": "b43995ab-c4fa-4487-88a6-5221305f17b3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The signature of the Seiberg-Witten surface", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Seiberg-Witten family of elliptic curves defines a Jacobian rational\nelliptic surface $\\Z$ over $\\mathbb{C}\\mathrm{P}^1$. We show that for the\n$\\bar{\\partial}$-operator along the fiber the logarithm of the regularized\ndeterminant $-1/2 \\log \\det' (\\bar\\partial^* \\bar\\partial)$ satisfies the\nanomaly equation of the one-loop topological string amplitude derived in\nKodaira-Spencer theory. We also show that not only the determinant line bundle\nwith the Quillen metric but also the $\\bar{\\partial}$-operator itself extends\nacross the nodal fibers of $\\mathrm{Z}$. The extension introduces current\ncontributions to the curvature of the determinant line bundle at the points\nwhere the fibration develops nodal fibers. The global anomaly of the\ndeterminant line bundle then determines the signature of $\\mathrm{Z}$ which\nequals minus the number of hypermultiplets.\n" }, { "id": "f903b350-f7cb-4c22-94d9-b1d4eb12de68", "adv_source_id": "f903b350-f7cb-4c22-94d9-b1d4eb12de68", "source_id": "f903b350-f7cb-4c22-94d9-b1d4eb12de68", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The spectrum of heavy-tailed random matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $X_N$ be an $N\\ts N$ random symmetric matrix with independent\nequidistributed entries. If the law $P$ of the entries has a finite second\nmoment, it was shown by Wigner \\cite{wigner} that the empirical distribution of\nthe eigenvalues of $X_N$, once renormalized by $\\sqrt{N}$, converges almost\nsurely and in expectation to the so-called semicircular distribution as $N$\ngoes to infinity. In this paper we study the same question when $P$ is in the\ndomain of attraction of an $\\alpha$-stable law. We prove that if we renormalize\nthe eigenvalues by a constant $a_N$ of order $N^{\\frac{1}{\\alpha}}$, the\ncorresponding spectral distribution converges in expectation towards a law\n$\\mu_\\alpha$ which only depends on $\\alpha$. We characterize $\\mu_\\alpha$ and\nstudy some of its properties; it is a heavy-tailed probability measure which is\nabsolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure except possibly on a\ncompact set of capacity zero.\n" }, { "id": "97dcd771-6eba-4140-8811-aeb859ef5d1c", "adv_source_id": "97dcd771-6eba-4140-8811-aeb859ef5d1c", "source_id": "97dcd771-6eba-4140-8811-aeb859ef5d1c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dual boson approach to collective excitations in correlated fermionic\n systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a general theory of a boson decomposition for both local and\nnon-local interactions in lattice fermion models which allows us to describe\nfermionic degrees of freedom and collective charge and spin excitations on\nequal footing. An efficient perturbation theory in the interaction of the\nfermionic and the bosonic degrees of freedom is constructed in so-called dual\nvariables in the path-integral formalism. This theory takes into account all\nlocal correlations of fermions and collective bosonic modes and interpolates\nbetween itinerant and localized regimes of electrons in solids. The zero-order\napproximation of this theory corresponds to extended dynamical mean-field\ntheory (EDMFT), a regular way to calculate nonlocal corrections to EDMFT is\nprovided. It is shown that dual ladder summation gives a conserving\napproximation beyond EDMFT. The method is especially suitable for consideration\nof collective magnetic and charge excitations and allows to calculate their\nrenormalization with respect to \"bare\" RPA-like characteristics. General\nexpression for the plasmonic dispersion in correlated media is obtained. As an\nillustration it is shown that effective superexchange interactions in the\nhalf-filled Hubbard model can be derived within the dual-ladder approximation.\n" }, { "id": "6c2529ba-c091-4951-8c96-258d7512db2e", "adv_source_id": "6c2529ba-c091-4951-8c96-258d7512db2e", "source_id": "6c2529ba-c091-4951-8c96-258d7512db2e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "X-Ray Spectrum of a Peculiar Supernova Remnant G359.1-0.5", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the Suzaku results of a supernova remnant (SNR), G359.1-0.5 in the\ndirection of the Galactic center region. From the SNR, we find prominent\nK-shell lines of highly ionized Si and S ions, together with unusual structures\nat 2.5-3.0 and 3.1-3.6 keV. No canonical SNR plasma model, in either ionization\nequilibrium or under-ionization, can explain the structures. The energies and\nshapes of the structures are similar to those of the radiative transitions of\nfree electrons to the K-shell of He-like Si and S ions (radiative recombination\ncontinuum: RRC). The presence of the strong RRC structures indicates that the\nplasma is in over-ionization. In fact, the observed spectrum is well fitted\nwith an over-ionized plasma model. The best-fit electron temperature of 0.29\nkeV is far smaller than the ionization temperature of 0.77 keV, which means\nthat G359.1-0.5 is in extreme condition of over-ionization. We report some\ncautions on the physical parameters, and comment possible origins for the\nover-ionized plasma.\n" }, { "id": "0e0d3bd0-59ee-4822-abe2-d738e92e62ad", "adv_source_id": "0e0d3bd0-59ee-4822-abe2-d738e92e62ad", "source_id": "0e0d3bd0-59ee-4822-abe2-d738e92e62ad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stellar Mass Black Holes in Young Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the potential cumulative energy production of stellar mass black\nholes in early galaxies. Stellar mass black holes may accrete substantially\nfrom the higher density interstellar media of primordial galaxies, and their\nenergy release would be distributed more uniformly over the galaxy, perhaps\nproviding a different mode of energy feedback into young galaxies than central\nsupermassive black holes. We construct a model for the production and growth of\nstellar mass black holes over the first few gigayears of a young galaxy. With\nthe simplifying assumption of a constant density of the ISM, n ~ 10^4 - 10^5\nper cubic centimeter, we estimate the number of accreting stellar mass black\nholes to be ~ 10^6 and the potential energy production to be as high as 10^61\nergs over several billion years. For densities less than 10^5 per cubic\ncentimeter, stellar mass black holes are unlikely to reach their Eddington\nlimit luminosities. The framework we present could be incorporated in numerical\nsimulations to compute the feedback from stellar-mass black holes with\ninhomogeneous, evolving interstellar media.\n" }, { "id": "3a913cfb-8851-4d9b-93c4-67725105e91a", "adv_source_id": "3a913cfb-8851-4d9b-93c4-67725105e91a", "source_id": "3a913cfb-8851-4d9b-93c4-67725105e91a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "McCall's Area Transformation versus the Integrated Impact Indicator (I3)", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a study entitled \"Skewed Citation Distributions and Bias Factors:\nSolutions to two core problems with the journal impact factor,\" Mutz & Daniel\n(2012) propose (i) McCall's (1922) Area Transformation of the skewed citation\ndistribution so that this data can be considered as normally distributed (Krus\n& Kennedy, 1977), and (ii) to control for different document types as a\nco-variate (Rubin, 1977). This approach provides an alternative to Leydesdorff\n& Bornmann's (2011) Integrated Impact Indicator (I3). As the authors note, the\ntwo approaches are akin.\n Can something be said about the relative quality of the two approaches? To\nthat end, I replicated the study of Mutz & Daniel for the 11 journals in the\nSubject Category \"mathematical psychology,\" but using additionally I3 on the\nbasis of continuous quantiles (Leydesdorff & Bornmann, in press) and its\nvariant PR6 based on the six percentile rank classes distinguished by Bornmann\n& Mutz (2011) as follows: the top-1%, 95-99%, 90-95%, 75-90%, 50-75%, and\nbottom-50%.\n" }, { "id": "db784253-5154-4e56-95aa-ad4268fe0b73", "adv_source_id": "db784253-5154-4e56-95aa-ad4268fe0b73", "source_id": "db784253-5154-4e56-95aa-ad4268fe0b73", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new approach to the study of effective string corrections in LGTs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new approach to the study of the interquark potential in Lattice\nGauge Theories. Instead of looking at the expectation value of Polyakov loop\ncorrelators we study the modifications induced in the chromoelectric flux by\nthe presence of the Polyakov loops. In abelian LGTs, thanks to duality, this\nstudy can be performed in a very efficient way, allowing to reach high\nprecision at a reasonable CPU cost. The major advantage of this strategy is\nthat it allows to eliminate the dominant effective string correction to the\ninterquark potential (the Luscher term) thus giving an unique opportunity to\ntest higher order corrections. Performing a set of simulations in the 3d gauge\nIsing model we were thus able to precisely identify and measure both the\nquartic and the sextic effective string corrections to the interquark\npotential. While the quartic term perfectly agrees with the Nambu-Goto one the\nsextic term is definitely different. Our result seems to disagree with the\nrecent proof of the universality of the sextic correction. We discuss a few\npossible explanations of this disagreement.\n" }, { "id": "42ff361d-18d1-452f-8b42-5d5c496d60bf", "adv_source_id": "42ff361d-18d1-452f-8b42-5d5c496d60bf", "source_id": "42ff361d-18d1-452f-8b42-5d5c496d60bf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A ~1-hour X-ray periodicity in an active galaxy RE J1034+396", "prompt": null, "generation": " Active galactic nuclei and quasars are thought to be scaled up versions of\nGalactic black hole binaries, powered by accretion onto supermassive black\nholes with masses of 10^6-10^9 M_Sun, as opposed to the ~10 M_Sun in binaries.\nOne example of the similarities between these two types of systems is the\ncharacteristic rapid X-ray variability seen from the accretion flow. The power\nspectrum of this variability in black hole binaries consists of a broad,\nband-limited noise with multiple quasi-periodic oscillations superimposed,\nwhere power is concentrated over a narrow range of frequencies. Although the\nbroad noise component has been observed in many active galactic nuclei, there\nare no significant detections of quasi-periodic oscillations. Here we report\nthe discovery of a ~1h X-ray periodicity in a bright active galaxy RE\nJ1034+396. The signal is highly statistically significant (at the 5.6 sigma\nlevel) and very coherent, with quality factor Q > 16. This reinforces the link\nbetween stellar and supermassive black holes, emphasizing the universal\nproperties of accretion onto objects with very different masses. The X-ray\nmodulation arises from the direct vicinity of the black hole, so this provides\na new tool for studying active galactic nuclei.\n" }, { "id": "507f783b-2138-4e0b-9031-280dd588caec", "adv_source_id": "507f783b-2138-4e0b-9031-280dd588caec", "source_id": "507f783b-2138-4e0b-9031-280dd588caec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A LASSO-Penalized BIC for Mixture Model Selection", "prompt": null, "generation": " The efficacy of family-based approaches to mixture model-based clustering and\nclassification depends on the selection of parsimonious models. Current wisdom\nsuggests the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for mixture model selection.\nHowever, the BIC has well-known limitations, including a tendency to\noverestimate the number of components as well as a proclivity for, often\ndrastically, underestimating the number of components in higher dimensions.\nWhile the former problem might be soluble through merging components, the\nlatter is impossible to mitigate in clustering and classification applications.\nIn this paper, a LASSO-penalized BIC (LPBIC) is introduced to overcome this\nproblem. This approach is illustrated based on applications of extensions of\nmixtures of factor analyzers, where the LPBIC is used to select both the number\nof components and the number of latent factors. The LPBIC is shown to match or\noutperform the BIC in several situations.\n" }, { "id": "04703049-a0ac-4b7d-b5f5-efc0584ecf3c", "adv_source_id": "04703049-a0ac-4b7d-b5f5-efc0584ecf3c", "source_id": "04703049-a0ac-4b7d-b5f5-efc0584ecf3c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase relationship between the long-time beats of free induction decays\n and spin echoes in solids", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent theoretical work on the role of microscopic chaos in the dynamics and\nrelaxation of many-body quantum systems has made several experimentally\nconfirmed predictions about the systems of interacting nuclear spins in solids,\nfocusing, in particular, on the shapes of spin echo responses measured by\nnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These predictions were based on the idea that\nthe transverse nuclear spin decays evolve in a manner governed at long times by\nthe slowest decaying eigenmode of the quantum system, analogous to a chaotic\nresonance in a classical system. The present paper extends the above\ninvestigations both theoretically and experimentally. On the theoretical side,\nthe notion of chaotic eigenmodes is used to make predictions about the\nrelationships between the long-time oscillation phase of the nuclear free\ninduction decay (FID) and the amplitudes and phases of spin echoes. On the\nexperimental side, the above predictions are tested for the nuclear spin decays\nof F-19 in CaF2 crystals and Xe-129 in frozen xenon. Good agreement between the\ntheory and the experiment is found.\n" }, { "id": "50c31932-543e-4619-9168-0919604b8cb0", "adv_source_id": "50c31932-543e-4619-9168-0919604b8cb0", "source_id": "50c31932-543e-4619-9168-0919604b8cb0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exact Byzantine Consensus in Directed Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider a synchronous point-to-point network of n nodes connected by\ndirected links, wherein each node has a binary input. This paper proves a tight\nnecessary and sufficient condition on the underlying communication topology for\nachieving Byzantine consensus among these nodes in the presence of up to f\nByzantine faults. We derive a necessary condition, and then we provide a\nconstructive proof of sufficiency by presenting a Byzantine consensus algorithm\nfor directed graphs that satisfy the necessary condition.\n Prior work has developed analogous necessary and sufficient conditions for\nundirected graphs. It is known that, for undirected graphs, the following two\nconditions are together necessary and sufficient [8, 2, 6]: (i) n ? 3f + 1, and\n(ii) network connectivity greater than 2f. However, these conditions are not\nadequate to completely characterize Byzantine consensus in directed graphs.\n" }, { "id": "b9b67105-18b9-4615-90c2-ee8dcf97f297", "adv_source_id": "b9b67105-18b9-4615-90c2-ee8dcf97f297", "source_id": "b9b67105-18b9-4615-90c2-ee8dcf97f297", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Silicate Evolution in Brown Dwarf Disks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a compositional analysis of the 10 micron silicate spectra for\nbrown dwarf disks in the Taurus and Upper Scorpius (UppSco) star-forming\nregions, using archival Spitzer/IRS observations. A variety in the silicate\nfeatures is observed, ranging from a narrow profile with a peak at 9.8 micron,\nto nearly flat, low-contrast features. For most objects, we find nearly equal\nfractions for the large-grain and crystalline mass fractions, indicating both\nprocesses to be active in these disks. The median crystalline mass fraction for\nthe Taurus brown dwarfs is found to be 20%, a factor of ~2 higher than the\nmedian reported for the higher mass stars in Taurus. The large-grain mass\nfractions are found to increase with an increasing strength in the X-ray\nemission, while the opposite trend is observed for the crystalline mass\nfractions. A small 5% of the Taurus brown dwarfs are still found to be\ndominated by pristine ISM-like dust, with an amorphous sub-micron grain mass\nfraction of ~87%. For 15% of the objects, we find a negligible large-grain mass\nfraction, but a >60% small amorphous silicate fraction. These may be the cases\nwhere substantial grain growth and dust sedimentation has occurred in the\ndisks, resulting in a high fraction of amorphous sub-micron grains in the disk\nsurface. Among the UppSco brown dwarfs, only usd161939 has a S/N high enough to\nproperly model its silicate spectrum. We find a 74% small amorphous grain and a\n~26% crystalline mass fraction for this object.\n" }, { "id": "aa6d6799-6db1-4de1-8980-e1619cc9c6cc", "adv_source_id": "aa6d6799-6db1-4de1-8980-e1619cc9c6cc", "source_id": "aa6d6799-6db1-4de1-8980-e1619cc9c6cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "LS I+61 303: microquasar or not microquasar?", "prompt": null, "generation": " LS I +61 303 is a puzzling object detected from radio up to high-energy\ngamma-rays. Variability has recently been observed in its high-energy emission.\nThe object is a binary system, with a compact object and a Be star as primary.\nThe nature of the secondary and the origin of the gamma-ray emission are not\nclearly established at present. Recent VLBA radio data have been used to claim\nthat the system is a Be/neutron star colliding wind binary, instead of a\nmicroquasar. We review the main views on the nature of LS I +61 303 and present\nresults of 3D SPH simulations that can shed some light on the nature of the\nsystem. Our results support an accretion powered source, compatible with a\nmicroquasar interpretation.\n" }, { "id": "306e00e4-11e4-4e77-9392-67596bac0031", "adv_source_id": "306e00e4-11e4-4e77-9392-67596bac0031", "source_id": "306e00e4-11e4-4e77-9392-67596bac0031", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A minimal set of invariants as a systematic approach to higher order\n gravity models: Physical and Cosmological Constraints", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compare higher order gravity models to observational constraints from\nmagnitude-redshift supernova data, distance to the last scattering surface of\nthe CMB, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. We follow a recently proposed\nsystematic approach to higher order gravity models based on minimal sets of\ncurvature invariants, and select models that pass some physical acceptability\nconditions (free of ghost instabilities, real and positive propagation speeds,\nand free of separatrices). Models that satisfy these physical and observational\nconstraints are found in this analysis and do provide fits to the data that are\nvery close to those of the LCDM concordance model. However, we find that the\nlimitation of the models considered here comes from the presence of\nsuperluminal mode propagations for the constrained parameter space of the\nmodels.\n" }, { "id": "12a76d6a-314e-4f2a-9c41-ee8f17916b0b", "adv_source_id": "12a76d6a-314e-4f2a-9c41-ee8f17916b0b", "source_id": "12a76d6a-314e-4f2a-9c41-ee8f17916b0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Implicit integrations for SPH in Semi-Lagrangian approach: application\n to the accretion disc modelling in a microquasar", "prompt": null, "generation": " Current explicit integration techniques in fluid dynamics are deeply limited\nby the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition of the time step progression, based on\nthe adopted spatial resolution coupled with the maximum value between the\nkinetic velocity or the signal transmission speed in the computational domain.\nEulerian implicit integration techniques, even though more time consuming, can\nallow to perform stable computational fluid dynamics paying the price of a\nrelatively larger inaccuracy in the calculations, without suffering such a\nstrict temporal limitation. In this paper, we present a simple and effective\nscheme to perform Free Lagrangian Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) implicit\nintegrations in Semi-Lagrangian approach without any Jacobian matrix inversion\noperations for viscous Navier-Stokes flows. Applications to SPH accretion disc\nsimulation around a massive black hole (MBH) in a binary stellar system are\nshown, together with the comparison to the same results obtained according to\nthe traditional explicit integration techniques. Some 1D and 2D critical tests\nare also discussed to check the validity of the technique.\n" }, { "id": "c1621638-3e9b-42f7-b90d-31041a25d66e", "adv_source_id": "c1621638-3e9b-42f7-b90d-31041a25d66e", "source_id": "c1621638-3e9b-42f7-b90d-31041a25d66e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reed-Solomon Subcodes with Nontrivial Traces: Distance Properties and\n Soft-Decision Decoding", "prompt": null, "generation": " Reed-Solomon (RS) codes over GF$(2^m)$ have traditionally been the most\npopular non-binary codes in almost all practical applications. The distance\nproperties of RS codes result in excellent performance under hard-decision\nbounded-distance decoding. However, efficient and implementable soft decoding\nfor high-rate (about 0.9) RS codes over large fields (GF(256), say) continues\nto remain a subject of research with a promise of further coding gains. In this\nwork, our objective is to propose and investigate $2^m$-ary codes with\nnon-trivial binary trace codes as an alternative to RS codes. We derive bounds\non the rate of a $2^m$-ary code with a non-trivial binary trace code. Then we\nconstruct certain subcodes of RS codes over GF($2^m$) that have a non-trivial\nbinary trace with distances and rates meeting the derived bounds. The\nproperties of these subcodes are studied and low-complexity hard-decision and\nsoft-decision decoders are proposed. The decoders are analyzed, and their\nperformance is compared with that of comparable RS codes. Our results suggest\nthat these subcodes of RS codes could be viable alternatives for RS codes in\napplications.\n" }, { "id": "dd28e7f1-fe52-4c5a-9ee8-01eae2f3de18", "adv_source_id": "dd28e7f1-fe52-4c5a-9ee8-01eae2f3de18", "source_id": "dd28e7f1-fe52-4c5a-9ee8-01eae2f3de18", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inversion of marine heat flow measurements by expansion of the\n temperature decay function", "prompt": null, "generation": " Marine heat flow data, obtained with a Lister-type probe, consists of two\ntemperature decay curves, frictional and heat pulse decay. Both follow the same\nphysical model of a cooling cylinder. The mathematical model describing the\ndecays is non-linear as to the thermal sediment parameters thus a direct\ninversion is not possible. To overcome this difficulty, the model equations are\nexpanded using a first-orderTaylor series. The linearised model equations are\nused in an iterative scheme to invert the temperature decay for undisturbed\ntemperature and thermal conductivity of the sediment. The inversion scheme is\ntested first for its theoretical limitations using synthetic data. Inversion of\nheat flow measurements obtained during a cruise of R/V SONNE in 1996 and needle\nprobe measurements in material of known thermal conductivity show that the\nalgorithm is robust and gives reliable results. The programme can be obtained\nfrom the authors.\n" }, { "id": "0d93c814-ce66-46b6-8e17-8a5dfd24acaa", "adv_source_id": "0d93c814-ce66-46b6-8e17-8a5dfd24acaa", "source_id": "0d93c814-ce66-46b6-8e17-8a5dfd24acaa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the simplicity of numbers", "prompt": null, "generation": " The recent measurements of reactor antinu_{e} disappearance and its\ninterpretation in terms of the three light neutrino mixing angle {theta}_13 by\nthe DAYA BAY \\rightarrow {theta}_13 = (8.83 + 0.81 - 0.88) \\circ and RENO\n\\rightarrow {theta}_{13} = (9.36 + 0.88 - 0.96) \\circ collaborations, gave rise\nto this treatise, upon the hypothetical substitution {theta}_13 \\rightarrow\n\\vartheta_9 = 9 \\circ. The latter angle (\\vartheta_9 = 9\\circ) is related to\ninteresting algebraic properties of its periodic functions, which in turn have\ntheir origin in the discrete symmetry groups S5 = Z2 \\times A5 and A5, the\npoint groups associated with the regular d = 3 'Platonic bodies' : dodecahedron\nand icosahedron. How these discrete groups may be related to dynamical\nsymmetries of mass and mixing of light neutrino flavors is left open.\n" }, { "id": "34f60295-9bd4-499d-a4cf-b79a0d225709", "adv_source_id": "34f60295-9bd4-499d-a4cf-b79a0d225709", "source_id": "34f60295-9bd4-499d-a4cf-b79a0d225709", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spontaneous breaking of permutation symmetry in pseudo-Hermitian quantum\n mechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " By adding an imaginary interacting term proportional to ip_1p_2 to the\nHamiltonian of a free anisotropic planar oscillator, we construct a new model\nwhich is described by the PT-pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian with the permutation\nsymmetry of two dimensions. We prove that our model is equivalent to the\nPais-Uhlenbeck oscillator and thus establish a relationship between our\nPT-pseudo-Hermitian system and the fourth-order derivative oscillator model. We\nalso point out the spontaneous breaking of permutation symmetry which plays a\ncrucial role in giving a real spectrum free of interchange of positive and\nnegative energy levels in our model. Moreover, we find that the permutation\nsymmetry of two dimensions in our Hamiltonian corresponds to the identity (not\nin magnitude but in attribute) of two different frequencies in the\nPais-Uhlenbeck oscillator, and reveal that the unequal-frequency condition\nimposed as a prerequisite upon the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator can reasonably be\nexplained as the spontaneous breaking of this identity.\n" }, { "id": "5f887559-8f54-4124-bae6-cc47569e7796", "adv_source_id": "5f887559-8f54-4124-bae6-cc47569e7796", "source_id": "5f887559-8f54-4124-bae6-cc47569e7796", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement purification and quantum error correction", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a review on entanglement purification for bipartite and multipartite\nquantum states, with the main focus on theoretical work carried out by our\ngroup in the last couple of years. We discuss entanglement purification in the\ncontext of quantum communication, where we emphasize its close relation to\nquantum error correction. Various bipartite and multipartite entanglement\npurification protocols are discussed, and their performance under idealized and\nrealistic conditions is studied. Several applications of entanglement\npurification in quantum communication and computation are presented, which\nhighlights the fact that entanglement purification is a fundamental tool in\nquantum information processing.\n" }, { "id": "b5e22863-5f64-4f0a-8090-c8bd104aaaa7", "adv_source_id": "b5e22863-5f64-4f0a-8090-c8bd104aaaa7", "source_id": "b5e22863-5f64-4f0a-8090-c8bd104aaaa7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Contractive Hilbert modules and their dilations", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this note, we show that a quasi-free Hilbert module R defined over the\npolydisk algebra with kernel function k(z, w) admits a unique minimal dilation\n(actually an isometric co-extension) to the Hardy module over the polydisk if\nand only if S^{-1}(z, w) k(z, w) is a positive kernel function, where S(z, w)\nis the Szeg\\\"{o} kernel for the polydisk. Moreover, we establish the\nequivalence of such a factorization of the kernel function and a positivity\ncondition, defined using the hereditary functional calculus, which was\nintroduced earlier by Athavale \\cite{Ath} and Ambrozie, Englis and M\\\"{u}ller.\nAn explicit realization of the dilation space is given along with the isometric\nembedding of the module R in it. The proof works for a wider class of Hilbert\nmodules in which the Hardy module is replaced by more general quasi-free\nHilbert modules such as the classical spaces on the polydisk or the unit ball\nin {C}^m. Some consequences of this more general result are then explored in\nthe case of several natural function algebras.\n" }, { "id": "936141f7-ad20-434a-978a-6d025a943d0c", "adv_source_id": "936141f7-ad20-434a-978a-6d025a943d0c", "source_id": "936141f7-ad20-434a-978a-6d025a943d0c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling High-energy and Very-high-energy gamma-rays from the Terzan 5\n Cluster", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has recently detected a population of\nglobular clusters (GCs) in high-energy (HE) gamma-rays. Their spectral\nproperties and energetics are consistent with cumulative emission from a\npopulation of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) hosted by these clusters. For example,\nthe HE spectra exhibit fairly hard power-law indices and cutoffs around a few\nGeV, typical of pulsed spectra measured for the gamma-ray pulsar population.\nThe energetics may be used to constrain the number of visible MSPs in the\ncluster (N_vis), assuming canonical values for the average gamma-ray efficiency\nand spin-down power. This interpretation is indeed strengthened by the fact\nthat the first gamma-ray MSP has now been identified in the GC NGC 6624, and\nthis MSP is responsible for almost all of the HE emission from this cluster. On\nthe other hand, it has been argued that the MSPs are also sources of\nrelativistic leptons which may be reaccelerated in shocks originating in\ncollisions of stellar winds in the cluster core, and may upscatter bright\nstarlight and cosmic microwave background photons to very high energies.\nTherefore, this unpulsed component may give an independent constraint on the\ntotal number of MSPs (N_tot) hosted in the GC, for a given cluster magnetic\nfield B and diffusion coefficient k_0. Lastly, the transport properties of the\nenergetic leptons may be further constrained using multiwavelength data, e.g.,\nto infer the radial dependence of k_0 and B. We present results on our modeling\nof the pulsed and unpulsed gamma-ray fluxes from the GC Terzan 5.\n" }, { "id": "58edbcc5-74d4-414c-b8f8-065b25f10bc3", "adv_source_id": "58edbcc5-74d4-414c-b8f8-065b25f10bc3", "source_id": "58edbcc5-74d4-414c-b8f8-065b25f10bc3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fractional topological states of dipolar fermions in one-dimensional\n optical superlattices", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the properties of dipolar fermions trapped in one-dimensional\nbichromatic optical lattices and show the existence of fractional topological\nstates in the presence of strong dipole-dipole interactions. We find some\ninteresting connections between fractional topological states in\none-dimensional superlattices and the fractional quantum Hall states: (i) the\none-dimensional fractional topological states for systems at filling factor\n\\nu=1/p have p-fold degeneracy, (ii) the quasihole excitations fulfill the same\ncounting rule as that of fractional quantum Hall states, and (iii) the total\nChern number of p-fold degenerate states is a nonzero integer. The existence of\ncrystalline order in our system is also consistent with the thin-torus limit of\nthe fractional quantum Hall state on a torus. The possible experimental\nrealization in cold atomic systems offers a new platform for the study of\nfractional topological phases in one-dimensional superlattice systems.\n" }, { "id": "42f00c2f-0444-4061-a875-d105abc12456", "adv_source_id": "42f00c2f-0444-4061-a875-d105abc12456", "source_id": "42f00c2f-0444-4061-a875-d105abc12456", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Weak equivalence and non-classifiability of measure preserving actions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ab\\'ert-Weiss have shown that the Bernoulli shift s of a countably infinite\ngroup \\Gamma is weakly contained in any free measure preserving action (mpa) b\nof \\Gamma. We establish a strong version of this result, conjectured by Ioana,\nby showing that s \\times b is weakly equivalent to b. This is generalized to\nnon-free mpa's using random Bernoulli shifts. The result for free mpa's is used\nto show that isomorphism on the weak equivalence class of a free mpa does not\nadmit classification by countable structures. This provides a negative answer\nto a question of Ab\\'ert and Elek.\n We also answer a question of Kechris regarding two ergodic theoretic\nproperties of residually finite groups. An infinite residually finite group\n\\Gamma is said to have EMD if the action p of \\Gamma on its profinite\ncompletion weakly contains all ergodic mpa's of \\Gamma, and \\Gamma is said to\nhave property MD if i \\times p weakly contains all mpa's of \\Gamma, where i\ndenotes the trivial action on a standard non-atomic probability space. Kechris\nasks if these two properties equivalent and we provide a positive answer by\nstudying the relationship between convexity and weak containment.\n" }, { "id": "e698ec36-6fe4-4fe8-b621-01d0ad47fcd4", "adv_source_id": "e698ec36-6fe4-4fe8-b621-01d0ad47fcd4", "source_id": "e698ec36-6fe4-4fe8-b621-01d0ad47fcd4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Distributions of the Phase Angle of the Fermion Determinant in QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " The distribution of the phase angle and the magnitude of the fermion\ndeterminant as well as its correlations with the baryon number and the chiral\ncondensate are studied for QCD at non zero quark chemical potential. Results\nare derived to one-loop order in chiral perturbation theory. We find that the\ndistribution of the phase angle is Gaussian for small chemical potential and a\nperiodic Lorentzian when the quark mass is inside the support of the Dirac\nspectrum. The baryon number and chiral condensate are computed as a function of\nthe phase of the fermion determinant and we discuss the severe cancellations\nwhich occur upon integration over the angle. We compute the distribution of the\nmagnitude of the fermion determinant as well as the baryon number and chiral\ncondensate at fixed magnitude.\n Finally, we consider QCD in one Euclidean dimension where it is shown\nanalytically, starting from the fundamental QCD partition function, that the\ndistribution of the phase of the fermion determinant is a periodic Lorentzian\nwhen the quark mass is inside the spectral density of the Dirac operator.\n" }, { "id": "f6125d0e-e6a3-4485-8e81-d2462836bb4e", "adv_source_id": "f6125d0e-e6a3-4485-8e81-d2462836bb4e", "source_id": "f6125d0e-e6a3-4485-8e81-d2462836bb4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improved analysis of the bounds from the electroweak precision tests on\n the 4-site model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a new complete analysis of the electroweak precision observables\nwithin the recently proposed 4-site Higgsless model, which is based on the\nSU(2)_L x SU(2)_1 x SU(2)_2 x U(1)_Y gauge symmetry and predicts six extra\ngauge bosons, W_{1,2} and Z_{1,2}. Within the epsilon_i (i=1,2,3,b)\nparametrization, we compute for the first time the EWPT bounds via a complete\nnumerical algorithm going beyond commonly used approximations. Both\nepsilon_{1,3} impose strong constraints. Hence, it is mandatory to consider\nthem jointly when extracting EWPT bounds and to fully take in to account the\ncorrelations among the electroweak precison measurements. The phenomenological\nconsequence is that the extra gauge bosons must be heavier than 250 GeV. Their\ncouplings to SM fermions, even if bounded, might be of the same order of\nmagnitude than the SM ones. In contrast to other Higgsless models, the 4-site\nmodel is not fermiophobic. The new gauge bosons could thus be discovered in the\nfavoured Drell-Yan channel already during the present run of the LHC\nexperiment.\n" }, { "id": "1aa24a0f-367d-4aa3-ac40-342fcbee5ca0", "adv_source_id": "1aa24a0f-367d-4aa3-ac40-342fcbee5ca0", "source_id": "1aa24a0f-367d-4aa3-ac40-342fcbee5ca0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Low-energy Observables and General Gauge Mediation in the MSSM and NMSSM", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study constraints on the general gauge mediation (GGM) parameter space\narising from low-energy observables in the MSSM and NMSSM. Specifically, we\nlook at the dependence of the spectra and observables on the correlation\nfunction ratios in the hidden sector where supersymmetry is presumably broken.\nSince these ratios are not a priori constrained by theory, current results from\nthe muon anomalous magnetic moment and flavor physics can potentially provide\nvaluable intuition about allowed possibilities. It is found that the muon\nanomalous magnetic moment and flavor-physics observables place significant\nconstraints on the GGM parameter space with distinct dependences on the hidden\nsector correlation function ratios. The particle spectra arising in GGM, with\nthe possibility of different correlation function ratios, is contrasted with\ncommon intuition from regular gauge mediation (RGM) schemes (where the ratios\nare always fixed). Comments are made on precision gauge coupling unification,\ntopography of the NLSP space, correlations of the muon anomalous magnetic\nmoment with other observables, and approximate scaling relations in sparticle\nmasses with respect to the high-scale correlation function ratios.\n" }, { "id": "f4c139ad-8f7d-43fe-bbe3-7c997c42b1f9", "adv_source_id": "f4c139ad-8f7d-43fe-bbe3-7c997c42b1f9", "source_id": "f4c139ad-8f7d-43fe-bbe3-7c997c42b1f9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Variations in magnetic properties of nanostructured nickel", "prompt": null, "generation": " The magnetic properties of carbon nanotube encapsulated nickel nanowires\n(C.E. nanowires of diameter ~ 10 nm), and its comparison to other forms of Ni\nare carried out in this work. The saturation magnetization (M_s) and coercivity\n(H_c) for C.E. nanowires are 1.0 emu/g and 230 Oe. The temperature dependence\nof coercivity follows T^0.77 dependence indicating a superparamagnetic\nbehavior. The field-cooled and zero-field-cooled plots indicate that the\nblocking temperature (T_B) ~ 300 K. These altered magnetic properties of C.E.\nnanowires are mainly due to the nanoscale confinement effect from carbon\nnanotube encapsulation. The shape and magnetic environment enhance the total\nmagnetic anisotropy of C.E. nanowires by a factor of four.\n" }, { "id": "81a83ca6-86c1-42de-a638-61984fc6d5e4", "adv_source_id": "81a83ca6-86c1-42de-a638-61984fc6d5e4", "source_id": "81a83ca6-86c1-42de-a638-61984fc6d5e4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic coupling of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals monitored by\n thin-film positron-electron momentum density methods", "prompt": null, "generation": " The effect of temperature controlled annealing on the confined valence\nelectron states in CdSe nanocrystal arrays, deposited as thin films, was\nstudied using two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation\n(2D-ACAR). A reduction in the intensity by ~35% was observed in a feature of\nthe positron annihilation spectrum upon removal of the pyridine capping\nmolecules above 200 degrees Celsius in a vacuum. This reduction is explained by\nan increased electronic interaction of the valence orbitals of neighboring\nnanocrystals, induced by the formation of inorganic interfaces. Partial\nevaporation of the nanoporous CdSe layer and additional sintering into a\npolycrystalline thin film was observed at a relatively low temperature of ~486\ndegrees Celsius.\n" }, { "id": "d57107f7-e4e5-47e0-a8d7-22f66e4ce267", "adv_source_id": "d57107f7-e4e5-47e0-a8d7-22f66e4ce267", "source_id": "d57107f7-e4e5-47e0-a8d7-22f66e4ce267", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bilayer graphene Origami: curvature-induced p-n junctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " A massive quantum particle on a two-dimensional curved surface experiences a\nsurface-geometry induced attractive potential that is characterized by the\nradii of curvature at a given point. With bilayer graphene sheets and carbon\nnano-ribbons in mind, we obtain the geometric potential V_G for several surface\nshapes. Under appropriate conditions that we discuss in detail, this potential\nsuppresses the local Fermi energy. Therefore, we argue that in zero band-gap\nmaterials with a quadratic band structure, it will create p- and n-type\nregions. We discuss the consequences of this result, and suggest that surface\ncurvature can provide a novel avenue to create p-n junctions and, in general,\nto control local electronic properties in bilayer graphene sheets.\n" }, { "id": "32ea5d3b-4e3d-428f-aef6-146c144e9d5f", "adv_source_id": "32ea5d3b-4e3d-428f-aef6-146c144e9d5f", "source_id": "32ea5d3b-4e3d-428f-aef6-146c144e9d5f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Equilibrium Clusters in Concentrated Lysozyme Protein Solutions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have studied the structure of salt-free lysozyme at 293 K and pH 7.8 using\nmolecular simulations and experimental SAXS effective potentials between\nproteins at three volume fractions, 0.012, 0.033, and 0.12. We found that the\nstructure of lysozyme near physiological conditions strongly depends on the\nvolume fraction of proteins. The studied lysozyme solutions are dominated by\nmonomers only for <0.012; for the strong dilution 70% of proteins are in a form\nof monomers. For 0.033 only 20% of proteins do not belong to a cluster. The\nclusters are mainly elongated. For 0.12 almost no individual particles exits,\nand branched, irregular clusters of large extent appear. Our simulation study\nprovides new insight into the formation of equilibrium clusters in charged\nprotein solutions near physiological conditions.\n" }, { "id": "da31025e-4204-4c90-bad0-ad4e45ab9677", "adv_source_id": "da31025e-4204-4c90-bad0-ad4e45ab9677", "source_id": "da31025e-4204-4c90-bad0-ad4e45ab9677", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Convexity and quasi-uniformizability of closed preordered spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " In many applications it is important to establish if a given topological\npreordered space has a topology and a preorder which can be recovered from the\nset of continuous isotone functions. Under antisymmetry this property, also\nknown as quasi-uniformizability, allows one to compactify the topological space\nand to extend its order dynamics. In this work we study locally compact\n$\\sigma$-compact spaces endowed with a closed preorder. They are known to be\nnormally preordered, and it is proved here that if they are locally convex,\nthen they are convex, in the sense that the upper and lower topologies generate\nthe topology. As a consequence, under local convexity they are\nquasi-uniformizable. The problem of establishing local convexity under\nantisymmetry is studied. It is proved that local convexity holds provided the\nconvex hull of any compact set is compact. Furthermore, it is proved that local\nconvexity holds whenever the preorder is compactly generated, a case which\nincludes most examples of interest, including preorders determined by cone\nstructures over differentiable manifolds. The work ends with some results on\nthe problem of quasi-pseudo-metrizability. As an application, it is shown that\nevery stably causal spacetime is quasi-uniformizable and every globally\nhyperbolic spacetime is strictly quasi-pseudo-metrizable.\n" }, { "id": "c2bdbe5e-7460-4da0-a737-b5e45fea02fc", "adv_source_id": "c2bdbe5e-7460-4da0-a737-b5e45fea02fc", "source_id": "c2bdbe5e-7460-4da0-a737-b5e45fea02fc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ferromagnetism induced in anisotropic stacked kagome-lattice\n antiferromagnet Cs$_2$Cu$_3$CeF$_{12}$", "prompt": null, "generation": " The magnetic properties of Cs$_2$Cu$_3$CeF$_{12}$ were investigated through\nmagnetization and specific heat measurements. Cs$_2$Cu$_3$CeF$_{12}$ is\ncomposed of a buckled kagome lattice of Cu$^{2+}$, which is stacked along the b\naxis. The exchange network in the buckled kagome lattice is strongly\nanisotropic. Consequently, Cs$_2$Cu$_3$CeF$_{12}$ can be divided into two\nsubsystems: alternating Heisenberg chains with strong antiferromagnetic\nexchange interactions and dangling spins. The dangling spins couple with one\nanother via effective exchange interactions, which are mediated by chain spins.\nThe dangling spins are further divided into two subsystems, DS1 and DS2. The\ndangling spins in DS1 undergo three-dimensional ferromagnetic ordering at 3.14\nK, while those in DS2 remain paramagnetic down to 0.35 K. The effective\ninteraction between the DS1 spins is approximately expressed by the\nferromagnetic $XXZ$ model with the $z$ direction parallel to the\ncrystallographic c axis. A magnetic phase diagram for $H {\\parallel} c$ was\nobtained and was analyzed within the framework of the molecular field\napproximation. With increasing magnetic field, the dangling spins are polarized\nand the magnetization curve exhibits a wide plateau at one-third of the\nsaturation magnetization.\n" }, { "id": "d22a2359-c425-47d2-bc99-79c4b88e8641", "adv_source_id": "d22a2359-c425-47d2-bc99-79c4b88e8641", "source_id": "d22a2359-c425-47d2-bc99-79c4b88e8641", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-dependent Klein tunneling in graphene: Role of Rashba spin-orbit\n coupling", "prompt": null, "generation": " Within an effective Dirac theory the low-energy dispersions of monolayer\ngraphene in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and spin-degenerate\nbilayer graphene are described by formally identical expressions. We explore\nimplications of this correspondence for transport by choosing chiral tunneling\nthrough pn and pnp junctions as a concrete example. A real-space Green's\nfunction formalism based on a tight-binding model is adopted to perform the\nballistic transport calculations, which cover and confirm previous theoretical\nresults based on the Dirac theory. Chiral tunneling in monolayer graphene in\nthe presence of Rashba coupling is shown to indeed behave like in bilayer\ngraphene. Combined effects of a forbidden normal transmission and spin\nseparation are observed within the single-band n to p transmission regime. The\nformer comes from real-spin conservation, in analogy with pseudospin\nconservation in bilayer graphene, while the latter arises from the intrinsic\nspin-Hall mechanism of the Rashba coupling.\n" }, { "id": "82c6f948-a751-4ab9-a04a-a44af09a2034", "adv_source_id": "82c6f948-a751-4ab9-a04a-a44af09a2034", "source_id": "82c6f948-a751-4ab9-a04a-a44af09a2034", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First-principles study of structural, magnetic and electronic properties\n of small FeRh alloy clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of small ${\\rm Fe}_m {\\rm\nRh}_n$ clusters having $N = m+n \\leq 8$ atoms are studied in the framework of a\ngeneralized-gradient approximation to density-functional theory. For $N = m+n\n\\leq 6$ a thorough sampling of all cluster topologies has been performed, while\nfor $N = 7$ and 8 only a few representative topologies are considered. In all\ncases the entire concentration range is systematically investigated. All the\nclusters show ferromagnetic-like order in the optimized structures. As a\nresult, the average magnetic moment per atom $\\bar\\mu_N$ increases\nmonotonously, which is almost linear over a wide range of concentration with Fe\ncontent. A remarkable enhancement of the local Fe moments beyond 3 $\\mu_B$ is\nobserved as result of Rh doping. The composition dependence of the binding\nenergy, average magnetic moment and electronic structure are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "44656c92-da44-4bb3-b482-5076a5c18df9", "adv_source_id": "44656c92-da44-4bb3-b482-5076a5c18df9", "source_id": "44656c92-da44-4bb3-b482-5076a5c18df9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multipermutation solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Set-theoretic solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation form a meeting-ground of\nmathematical physics, algebra and combinatorics. Such a solution consists of a\nset $X$ and a function r:X x X --> X x X which satisfies the braid relation.\n We examine solutions here mainly from the point of view of finite permutation\ngroups: a solution gives rise to a map from $X$ to the symmetric group $Sym(X)$\non $X$ satisfying certain conditions.\n Our results include many new constructions based on strong twisted union and\nwreath product, with an investigation of retracts and the multipermutation\nlevel and the solvable length of the groups defined by the solutions and new\nresults about decompositions and factorisations of the groups defined by\ninvariant subsets of the solution.\n" }, { "id": "dee4d726-d8a7-4489-a2bd-4fe1a5f5341a", "adv_source_id": "dee4d726-d8a7-4489-a2bd-4fe1a5f5341a", "source_id": "dee4d726-d8a7-4489-a2bd-4fe1a5f5341a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extracting the photoproduction cross section off the neutron gn-->pi-p\n from deuteron data with FSI effects", "prompt": null, "generation": " The incoherent pion photoproduction reaction gd-->pi-pp is considered\ntheoretically in a wide energy region Eth =< Eg =< 2700 MeV. The model applied\ncontains the impulse approximation as well as the NN- and piN-FSI amplitudes.\nThe aim of the paper is to study a reliable way for getting the information on\nelementary gn-->pi-p reaction cross section beyond the impulse approximation\nfor gd-->pi-pp. For the elementary gN-->piN, NN-->NN, and piN-->piN amplitudes,\nthe results of the GW DAC are used. There are no additional theoretical\nconstraints. The calculated cross section dSigma/dOmega(gd->pi-pp) are compared\nwith existing data. The procedure used to extract information on the\ndifferential cross section dSigma/dOmega(gn-->pi-p) on the neutron from the\ndeuteron data using the FSI correction factor R is discussed. The calculations\nfor R versus pi-p CM angle \\theta_1 of the outgoing pion are performed at\ndifferent photon-beam energies with kinematical cuts for \"quasi-free\" process\ngn-->pi-p. The results show a sizeable FSI effect R \\neq 1 from S-wave part of\npp-FSI at small angles close to \\theta_1 ~ 0: this region narrows as the photon\nenergy increases. At larger angles, the effect is small (|R-1|<<1) and agrees\nwith estimations of FSI in the Glauber approach.\n" }, { "id": "62dbe0ff-718e-4571-b369-205886e0caec", "adv_source_id": "62dbe0ff-718e-4571-b369-205886e0caec", "source_id": "62dbe0ff-718e-4571-b369-205886e0caec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Approximating Fractional Time Quantum Evolution", "prompt": null, "generation": " An algorithm is presented for approximating arbitrary powers of a black box\nunitary operation, $\\mathcal{U}^t$, where $t$ is a real number, and\n$\\mathcal{U}$ is a black box implementing an unknown unitary. The complexity of\nthis algorithm is calculated in terms of the number of calls to the black box,\nthe errors in the approximation, and a certain `gap' parameter. For general\n$\\mathcal{U}$ and large $t$, one should apply $\\mathcal{U}$ a total of $\\lfloor\nt \\rfloor$ times followed by our procedure for approximating the fractional\npower $\\mathcal{U}^{t-\\lfloor t \\rfloor}$. An example is also given where for\nlarge integers $t$ this method is more efficient than direct application of $t$\ncopies of $\\mathcal{U}$. Further applications and related algorithms are also\ndiscussed.\n" }, { "id": "e9c8c166-c0f5-4a5e-9705-6d0bfea09231", "adv_source_id": "e9c8c166-c0f5-4a5e-9705-6d0bfea09231", "source_id": "e9c8c166-c0f5-4a5e-9705-6d0bfea09231", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Viscous evolution of point vortex equilibria: The collinear state", "prompt": null, "generation": " When point vortex equilibria of the 2D Euler equations are used as initial\nconditions for the corre- sponding Navier-Stokes equations (viscous), typically\nan interesting dynamical process unfolds at short and intermediate time scales,\nbefore the long time single peaked, self-similar Oseen vortex state dom-\ninates. In this paper, we describe the viscous evolution of a collinear three\nvortex structure that cor- responds to an inviscid point vortex fixed\nequilibrium. Using a multi-Gaussian 'core-growth' type of model, we show that\nthe system immediately begins to rotate unsteadily, a mechanism we attribute to\na 'viscously induced' instability. We then examine in detail the qualitative\nand quantitative evolution of the system as it evolves toward the long-time\nasymptotic Lamb-Oseen state, showing the sequence of topological bifurcations\nthat occur both in a fixed reference frame, and in an appropriately chosen\nrotating reference frame. The evolution of passive particles in this viscously\nevolving flow is shown and interpreted in relation to these evolving streamline\npatterns.\n" }, { "id": "c099362f-a5f9-47fa-b3d0-df424a62c019", "adv_source_id": "c099362f-a5f9-47fa-b3d0-df424a62c019", "source_id": "c099362f-a5f9-47fa-b3d0-df424a62c019", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two-dimensional Finite Larmor Radius approximation in canonical\n gyrokinetic coordinates", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we present some new results about the approximation of the\nVlasov-Poisson system with a strong external magnetic field by the 2D finite\nLarmor radius model. The proofs within the present work are built by using\ntwo-scale convergence tools, and can be viewed as a new slant on previous works\nof Fr\\'enod and Sonnendr\\\"ucker and Bostan on the 2D finite Larmor Radius\nmodel. In a first part, we recall the physical and mathematical contexts. We\nalso recall two main results from previous papers of Fr\\'enod and\nSonnendr\\\"ucker and Bostan. Then, we introduce a set of variables which are\nso-called canonical gyrokinetic coordinates, and we write the Vlasov equation\nin these new variables. Then, we establish some two-scale convergence and\nweak-* convergence results.\n" }, { "id": "56448017-dd14-4c49-b8dc-cd2d099b327b", "adv_source_id": "56448017-dd14-4c49-b8dc-cd2d099b327b", "source_id": "56448017-dd14-4c49-b8dc-cd2d099b327b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Option Pricing Using Bayesian Neural Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Options have provided a field of much study because of the complexity\ninvolved in pricing them. The Black-Scholes equations were developed to price\noptions but they are only valid for European styled options. There is added\ncomplexity when trying to price American styled options and this is why the use\nof neural networks has been proposed. Neural Networks are able to predict\noutcomes based on past data. The inputs to the networks here are stock\nvolatility, strike price and time to maturity with the output of the network\nbeing the call option price. There are two techniques for Bayesian neural\nnetworks used. One is Automatic Relevance Determination (for Gaussian\nApproximation) and one is a Hybrid Monte Carlo method, both used with\nMulti-Layer Perceptrons.\n" }, { "id": "1d5232f1-3c3d-4727-b9bd-345cc6d8b38a", "adv_source_id": "1d5232f1-3c3d-4727-b9bd-345cc6d8b38a", "source_id": "1d5232f1-3c3d-4727-b9bd-345cc6d8b38a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Complete Characterization of Mixing Time for the Continuous Quantum Walk\n on the Hypercube with Markovian Decoherence Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " The n-dimensional hypercube quantum random walk (QRW) is a particularily\nappealing example of a quantum walk because it has a natural implementation on\na register on $n$ qubits. However, any real implementation will encounter\ndecoherence effects due to interactions with uncontrollable degrees of freedom.\nWe present a complete characterization of the mixing properties of the\nhypercube QRW under a physically relevant Markovian decoherence model. In the\nlocal decoherence model considered the non-unitary dynamics are modeled as a\nsum of projections on individual qubits to an arbitrary direction on the Bloch\nsphere. We prove that there is always classical (asymptotic) mixing in this\nmodel and specify the conditions under which instantaneous mixing\n\\textit{always} exists. And we show that the latter mixing property, as well as\nthe classical mixing time, depend heavily on the exact environmental\ninteraction and its strength. Therefore, algorithmic applications of the QRW on\nthe hypercube, if they intend to employ mixing properties, need to consider\nboth the walk dynamics and the precise decoherence model.\n" }, { "id": "cc1ad462-42f8-4954-80d3-b2c1b8c3f2d7", "adv_source_id": "cc1ad462-42f8-4954-80d3-b2c1b8c3f2d7", "source_id": "cc1ad462-42f8-4954-80d3-b2c1b8c3f2d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in proteomics: past, present and\n future", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been instrumental in the birth and\ndevelopments of proteomics, although it is no longer the exclusive separation\ntool used in the field of proteomics. In this review, a historical perspective\nis made, starting from the days where two-dimensional gels were used and the\nword proteomics did not even exist. The events that have led to the birth of\nproteomics are also recalled, ending with a description of the now well-known\nlimitations of two-dimensional gels in proteomics. However, the\noften-underestimated advantages of two-dimensional gels are also underlined,\nleading to a description of how and when to use two-dimensional gels for the\nbest in a proteomics approach. Taking support of these advantages (robustness,\nresolution, and ability to separate entire, intact proteins), possible future\napplications of this technique in proteomics are also mentioned.\n" }, { "id": "e3614bb8-b88e-4b28-a9df-15085c4668a0", "adv_source_id": "e3614bb8-b88e-4b28-a9df-15085c4668a0", "source_id": "e3614bb8-b88e-4b28-a9df-15085c4668a0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Exploration of Symmetries in the Friedmann Equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Friedmann Equation for a conformal scale factor a(t) is observed to be\ninvariant under a Mobius transformation. Using that freedom, a synthetic scale\nfactor z(t) is defined that obeys a modified Friedman equation invariant under\nthe replacement z(t) {\\rightarrow} {\\pm}1/ z(t). If this is taken this to be\nthe more fundamental form then the traditional Friedmann equation can be shown\nto be missing a term due to a species with equation of state w = -2/3. We\ninvestigate in detail one particular cosmology in which it is possible to\nspecify the contribution from this new species.\n We suggest a means of avoiding a potentially redundant copy of the\ndevelopment of the universe the above implies through a cosmological spacetime\nmanifold that is a Mobius band closed in time and non-orientable in space.\nThough it is closed, a Dirac field in such a spacetime may still possess a\nglobal arrow of time by virtue of the twist of the Mobius band.\n" }, { "id": "49b4c5ad-b38d-449b-83dc-8c9f5d302df6", "adv_source_id": "49b4c5ad-b38d-449b-83dc-8c9f5d302df6", "source_id": "49b4c5ad-b38d-449b-83dc-8c9f5d302df6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pseudo supersymmetric partners for the generalized Swanson model", "prompt": null, "generation": " New non Hermitian Hamiltonians are generated, as isospectral partners of the\ngeneralized Swanson model, viz., $ H_- = {\\cal{A}}^{\\dagger} {\\cal{A}} + \\alpha\n{\\cal{A}} ^2 + \\beta {\\cal{A}}^{\\dagger 2} $, where $ \\alpha \\beta $ are real\nconstants, with $ \\alpha \\neq \\beta $, and ${\\cal{A}}^{\\dagger}$ and\n${\\cal{A}}$ are generalized creation and annihilation operators. It is shown\nthat the initial Hamiltonian $H_-$, and its partner $H_+$, are related by\npseudo supersymmetry, and they share all the eigen energies except for the\nground state. This pseudo supersymmetric extension enlarges the class of non\nHermitian Hamiltonians $H_{\\pm}$, related to their respective Hermitian\ncounterparts $h_{\\pm}$, through the same similarity transformation operator\n$\\rho$ : $ H_{\\pm} = \\rho ^{-1} h_{\\pm} \\rho $. The formalism is applied to the\nentire class of shape-invariant models.\n" }, { "id": "a5d9fde7-437f-4359-8656-d9475c6dcd7e", "adv_source_id": "a5d9fde7-437f-4359-8656-d9475c6dcd7e", "source_id": "a5d9fde7-437f-4359-8656-d9475c6dcd7e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Conformal Universe I: Physical and Mathematical Basis of Conformal\n General Relativity", "prompt": null, "generation": " This is the first of three papers on Conformal General Relativity (CGR),\nwhich differs from Einstein's General Relativity (GR) in that it requires\naction--integral invariance under local scale transformations in addition to\ngeneral coordinate transformations. The theory is here introduced in the\nsemiclassical approximation as a preliminary approach to a quantum theoretical\nimplementation. The idea of a conformal--invariant extension of GR was\nintroduced by Weyl in 1919. For several decades it had little impact, as CGR\nimplies that all fields are massless. Today this does not appear to be an\nunsurmountable difficulty since nonzero mass parameters may result from the\nspontaneous breakdown of conformal symmetry. The theory leads to very\ninteresting results and predictions: 1) the spontaneous breakdown of conformal\nsymmetry is only possible in a 4D--spacetime with small negative curvature; 2)\nCGR requires the introduction of a ghost scalar field $\\sigma(x)$ invested with\ngeometric meaning and a physical scalar field $\\varphi(x)$ of zero mass, both\nof which have nonzero vacuum expectation values; 3) in order to preserve\n$S$--matrix unitarity, $\\sigma(x)$ and $\\varphi(x)$ must interact in such a way\nthat the total energy density is bounded from below; 4) this interaction makes\n$\\varphi(x)$ behave like a Higgs field of varying mass, which is capable of\npromoting a huge energy transfer from geometry to matter identifiable as the\nbig bang; 5) in the course of time, the Higgs boson mass becomes a constant and\nCGR converges to GR.\n" }, { "id": "b35520fa-e81b-4c01-a64c-b57cc6ba62c7", "adv_source_id": "b35520fa-e81b-4c01-a64c-b57cc6ba62c7", "source_id": "b35520fa-e81b-4c01-a64c-b57cc6ba62c7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ionized gas, molecules, and dust in Sh2-132", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the various interstellar components of the HII region Sh2-132. The\nmain stellar source is the double binary system that includes the Wolf-Rayet\nstar WR153ab. We use radio continuum images at 408 and 1420 MHz, and HI 21cm\nline data taken from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey, molecular observations\nof the 12CO(1-0) line at 115 GHz from the Five College Radio Astronomy\nObservatory, and available mid and far IR observations obtained with the MSX\nand IRAS satellites, respectively.\n Sh2-132 is composed of two shells showing radio continuum counterparts at\nboth frequencies. The emission is thermal in nature. The estimated rms electron\ndensity and ionized mass of the nebula are n_e = 20 cm^{-3} and M_HII = 1500\nMo. The distribution of the CO emission shows molecular gas bordering the\nionized nebula and interacting with it. The velocities of the molecular gas is\nin the range --38 to --53 km/s, similar to the velocity of the ionized gas. The\nemission at 8.3 mic. reveals a ring like feature of about 15' that encircles\nthe bright optical regions. This emission is due to the PAHs and marks the\nlocation of photodissociation regions.\n The gas distribution in the environs of Sh2-132 can be explained in a\nscenario where the massive stars in the region photodissociated, ionized, and\nswept-up the dense molecular material from the parental cloud through their\nstrong stellar winds and intense UV photon flux.\n" }, { "id": "93ec6e7c-c1ae-427e-b101-fc4ae672c5d1", "adv_source_id": "93ec6e7c-c1ae-427e-b101-fc4ae672c5d1", "source_id": "93ec6e7c-c1ae-427e-b101-fc4ae672c5d1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Certain subclasses of multivalent functions defined by new multiplier\n transformations", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present paper the new multiplier transformations\n$\\mathrm{{\\mathcal{J}% }}_{p}^{\\delta }(\\lambda ,\\mu ,l)$ $(\\delta ,l\\geq\n0,\\;\\lambda \\geq \\mu \\geq 0;\\;p\\in \\mathrm{% }%\\mathbb{N} )}$ of multivalent\nfunctions is defined. Making use of the operator $\\mathrm{%\n{\\mathcal{J}}}_{p}^{\\delta }(\\lambda ,\\mu ,l),$ two new subclasses $\\mathcal{%\nP}_{\\lambda ,\\mu ,l}^{\\delta }(A,B;\\sigma ,p)$ and $\\widetilde{\\mathcal{P}}%\n_{\\lambda ,\\mu ,l}^{\\delta }(A,B;\\sigma ,p)$\\textbf{\\ }of multivalent analytic\nfunctions are introduced and investigated in the open unit disk. Some\ninteresting relations and characteristics such as inclusion relationships,\nneighborhoods, partial sums, some applications of fractional calculus and\nquasi-convolution properties of functions belonging to each of these subclasses\n$\\mathcal{P}_{\\lambda ,\\mu ,l}^{\\delta }(A,B;\\sigma ,p)$ and\n$\\widetilde{\\mathcal{P}}_{\\lambda ,\\mu ,l}^{\\delta }(A,B;\\sigma ,p)$ are\ninvestigated. Relevant connections of the definitions and results presented in\nthis paper with those obtained in several earlier works on the subject are also\npointed out.\n" }, { "id": "1c24c95e-5a84-43cb-938a-9c8243e1d959", "adv_source_id": "1c24c95e-5a84-43cb-938a-9c8243e1d959", "source_id": "1c24c95e-5a84-43cb-938a-9c8243e1d959", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hidden variable models for entanglements can or cannot have a local\n component?", "prompt": null, "generation": " A recent article of Colbeck and Renner tackled the problem whether\nentanglements may be explained by combined models of local and non-local hidden\nvariables. To the difference from previous works they considered models in\nwhich each pair of entangled particles behaves in the same way, and the\nparticles in the pair are equivalent, i.e. each of them produces its response\nto a measurement according to both local and non-local hidden variables. Their\narticle aimed at proving that the local hidden variable component in such\nmodels has no effect on the measurement results, i.e. only the non-local\nvariables are relevant. However, their proof deals with a very restrictive case\nand assumes questionable constraints on the hidden variables. The present text\nstudies the Colbeck and Renner class of models on a less restrictive case and\nunder no constraints on the hidden variables. It is shown again that the local\ncomponent cannot have any influence on the results. However, the Colbeck and\nRenner class of models is not the only one possible. A different class is\ndescribed, and it admits local hidden variables by the side of the non-local\ninfluence. This class presents a couple of advantages.\n" }, { "id": "80046b47-7dcd-471e-944c-80916724c3e3", "adv_source_id": "80046b47-7dcd-471e-944c-80916724c3e3", "source_id": "80046b47-7dcd-471e-944c-80916724c3e3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some remarks on marginally trapped surfaces and geodesic incompleteness", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a recent paper, Eichmair, Galloway and Pollack have proved a\nGannon-Lee-type singularity theorem based on the existence of marginally outer\ntrapped surfaces (MOTS) on noncompact initial data sets for globally hyperbolic\nspacetimes. However, one might wonder whether the corresponding incomplete\ngeodesics could still be complete in a possible non-globally hyperbolic\nextension of spacetime. In this note, some variants of that result are given\nwith weaker causality assumptions, thus suggesting that the answer is\ngenerically negative, at least if the putative extension has no closed timelike\ncurves. However, unlike in the case of MOTS, on which only the outgoing family\nof normal geodesics is constrained, we have found it necessary in our proofs to\nimpose also a weak convergence condition on the ingoing family of normal\ngeodesics. In other words, we consider marginally trapped surfaces (MTS) in\nchronological spacetimes, introducing the natural notion of a generic MTS. In\nparticular, a Hawking-Penrose-type singularity theorem is proven in\nchronological spacetimes with dimensions greater than 2 containing a generic\nMTS. Such surfaces naturally arise as cross-sections of quasi-local\ngeneralizations of black hole horizons, such as dynamical and trapping\nhorizons. We end with some comments on the existence of MTS in initial data\nsets.\n" }, { "id": "6375a229-026a-4e6f-bc17-a0996838dbcd", "adv_source_id": "6375a229-026a-4e6f-bc17-a0996838dbcd", "source_id": "6375a229-026a-4e6f-bc17-a0996838dbcd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transport through side-coupled double quantum dots: from weak to strong\n interdot coupling", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report low-temperature transport measurements through a double quantum dot\ndevice in a configuration where one of the quantum dots is coupled directly to\nthe source and drain electrodes, and a second (side-coupled) quantum dot\ninteracts electrostatically and via tunneling to the first one. As the interdot\ncoupling increases, a crossover from weak to strong interdot tunneling is\nobserved in the charge stability diagrams that present a complex pattern with\nmergings and apparent crossings of Coulomb blockade peaks. While the weak\ncoupling regime can be understood by considering a single level on each dot, in\nthe intermediate and strong coupling regimes, the multi-level nature of the\nquantum dots needs to be taken into account. Surprisingly, both in the strong\nand weak coupling regimes, the double quantum dot states are mainly localized\non each dot for most values of the parameters. Only in an intermediate coupling\nregime the device presents a single dot-like molecular behavior as the\nmolecular wavefunctions weight is evenly distributed between the quantum dots.\nAt temperatures larger than the interdot coupling energy scale, a loss of\ncoherence of the molecular states is observed.\n" }, { "id": "06f0724a-c141-4b3e-aeb6-dd7fe0e8d3b5", "adv_source_id": "06f0724a-c141-4b3e-aeb6-dd7fe0e8d3b5", "source_id": "06f0724a-c141-4b3e-aeb6-dd7fe0e8d3b5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Hard X-Ray View of Reflection, Absorption, and the Disk-Jet\n Connection in the Radio-Loud AGN 3C 33", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results from Suzaku and Swift observations of the nearby radio\ngalaxy 3C 33, and investigate the nature of absorption, reflection, and jet\nproduction in this source. We model the 0.5-100 keV nuclear continuum with a\npower law that is transmitted either through one or more layers of pc-scale\nneutral material, or through a modestly ionized pc-scale obscurer. The standard\nsignatures of reflection from a neutral accretion disk are absent in 3C 33:\nthere is no evidence of a relativistically blurred Fe K$\\alpha$ emission line,\nand no Compton reflection hump above 10 keV. We find the upper limit to the\nneutral reflection fraction is R<0.41 for an e-folding energy of 1 GeV. We\nobserve a narrow, neutral Fe K$\\alpha$ line, which is likely to originate at\nleast 2,000 R_s from the black hole. We show that the weakness of reflection\nfeatures in 3C 33 is consistent with two interpretations: either the inner\naccretion flow is highly ionized, or the black-hole spin configuration is\nretrograde with respect to the accreting material.\n" }, { "id": "12fcde82-c9cb-4f92-8dd3-9b091051feae", "adv_source_id": "12fcde82-c9cb-4f92-8dd3-9b091051feae", "source_id": "12fcde82-c9cb-4f92-8dd3-9b091051feae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Black holes, black strings and cosmological constant", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a review of black holes and black string solutions available in\nthe $d$-dimensional Einstein and Einstein-Maxwell model in the presence of a\ncosmological constant. Due to the cosmological constant, the equations do not\nadmit explicit solutions for generic values of the parameters and numerical\nmethods are necessary to construct the solutions. Several new features of the\nsolutions are discussed, namely their stability and the occurrence of\nnon-uniform black strings which depend non-trivially on the co-dimension. Black\nstring solutions are further constructed for the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model.\nThe influence of the Gauss-Bonnet term on the domain of existence of the black\nstrings is discussed in details.\n" }, { "id": "e497b1c5-e281-454d-a636-9893b1cf0b03", "adv_source_id": "e497b1c5-e281-454d-a636-9893b1cf0b03", "source_id": "e497b1c5-e281-454d-a636-9893b1cf0b03", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Convex Hull Realizations of the Multiplihedra", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a simple algorithm for determining the extremal points in\nEuclidean space whose convex hull is the nth polytope in the sequence known as\nthe multiplihedra. This answers the open question of whether the multiplihedra\ncould be realized as convex polytopes. We use this realization to unite the\napproach to A_n-maps of Iwase and Mimura to that of Boardman and Vogt. We\ninclude a review of the appearance of the nth multiplihedron for various n in\nthe studies of higher homotopy commutativity, (weak) n-categories,\nA_infinity-categories, deformation theory, and moduli spaces. We also include\nsuggestions for the use of our realizations in some of these areas as well as\nin related studies, including enriched category theory and the graph\nassociahedra.\n" }, { "id": "ae48b0b5-9f8d-4e98-b717-deed3f0b213f", "adv_source_id": "ae48b0b5-9f8d-4e98-b717-deed3f0b213f", "source_id": "ae48b0b5-9f8d-4e98-b717-deed3f0b213f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multiperiodic pulsations in the Be stars NW Ser and V1446 Aql", "prompt": null, "generation": " Aims: We present accurate photometric time series of two Be stars: NW Ser and\nV1446 Aql. Both stars were observed at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada\n(Granada) in July 2003 with an automatic four-channel Str\\\"omgren photometer.\nWe also present a preliminary theoretical study showing that the periodic\nvariations exhibited by these stars can be due to pulsation.\n Methods: An exhaustive Fourier analysis together with a least-square fitting\nhas been carried out on the time series for all four Str\\\"omgren bands. Several\nindependent frequencies and non-periodic trends explain most of the variance. A\ntheoretical non-adiabatic code applied to stellar models for these stars shows\nthat g-modes are unstable.\n Results: Both stars show rapid variations in amplitude, probably due to a\nbeating phenomenon. Four significant frequencies have been detected for each\nstar. Comparison of the observed amplitude ratios for each pulsational\nfrequency with those calculated from theoretical pulsation codes allows us to\nestimate the pulsation modes associated with the different detected\nfrequencies. NW Ser seems also to show unstable p-modes and thus could be one\nof the newly discovered $\\beta$ Cephei and SPB hybrid stars. Further\nspectroscopic observations are planned to study the stability of the detected\nfrequencies.\n" }, { "id": "b12716af-da93-4a34-92aa-a064d25aa314", "adv_source_id": "b12716af-da93-4a34-92aa-a064d25aa314", "source_id": "b12716af-da93-4a34-92aa-a064d25aa314", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Type II Supernovae as Probes of Cosmology", "prompt": null, "generation": " - Constraining the cosmological parameters and understanding Dark Energy have\ntremendous implications for the nature of the Universe and its physical laws.\n - The pervasive limit of systematic uncertainties reached by cosmography\nbased on Cepheids and Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) warrants a search for\ncomplementary approaches.\n - Type II SNe have been shown to offer such a path. Their distances can be\nwell constrained by luminosity-based or geometric methods. Competing,\ncomplementary, and concerted efforts are underway, to explore and exploit those\nobjects that are extremely well matched to next generation facilities.\nSpectroscopic follow-up will be enabled by space- based and 20-40 meter class\ntelescopes.\n - Some systematic uncertainties of Type II SNe, such as reddening by dust and\nmetallicity effects, are bound to be different from those of SNe Ia. Their\nstellar progenitors are known, promising better leverage on cosmic evolution.\nIn addition, their rate - which closely tracks the ongoing star formation rate\n- is expected to rise significantly with look- back time, ensuring an adequate\nsupply of distant examples.\n - These data will competitively constrain the dark energy equation of state,\nallow the determination of the Hubble constant to 5%, and promote our\nunderstanding of the processes involved in the last dramatic phases of massive\nstellar evolution.\n" }, { "id": "f0033ab2-6504-4967-b230-853395421848", "adv_source_id": "f0033ab2-6504-4967-b230-853395421848", "source_id": "f0033ab2-6504-4967-b230-853395421848", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An ultra-massive fast-spinning white dwarf in a peculiar binary system", "prompt": null, "generation": " White dwarfs typically have masses in a narrow range centered at about 0.6\nsolar masses (Msun). Only a few ultra-massive white dwarfs (M>1.2 Msun) are\nknown. Those in binary systems are of particular interest because a small\namount of accreted mass could drive them above the Chandrasekhar limit, beyond\nwhich they become gravitationally unstable. Using data from the XMM-Newton\nsatellite, we show that the X-ray pulsator RX J0648.0-4418 is a white dwarf\nwith mass > 1.2 Msun, based only on dynamical measurements. This ultra-massive\nwhite dwarf in a post-common envelope binary with a hot subdwarf can reach the\nChandrasekhar limit, and possibly explode as a Type Ia supernova, when its\nhelium-rich companion will transfer mass at an increased rate through Roche\nlobe overflow.\n" }, { "id": "fd12f2e7-eae2-4208-8af1-e34541842e9c", "adv_source_id": "fd12f2e7-eae2-4208-8af1-e34541842e9c", "source_id": "fd12f2e7-eae2-4208-8af1-e34541842e9c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Approximation in quantale-enriched categories", "prompt": null, "generation": " Our work is a fundamental study of the notion of approximation in\nV-categories and in (U,V)-categories, for a quantale V and the ultrafilter\nmonad U. We introduce auxiliary, approximating and Scott-continuous\ndistributors, the way-below distributor, and continuity of V- and\n(U,V)-categories. We fully characterize continuous V-categories (resp.\n(U,V)-categories) among all cocomplete V-categories (resp. (U,V)-categories) in\nthe same ways as continuous domains are characterized among all dcpos. By\nvarying the choice of the quantale V and the notion of ideals, and by further\nallowing the ultrafilter monad to act on the quantale, we obtain a flexible\ntheory of continuity that applies to partial orders and to metric and\ntopological spaces. We demonstrate on examples that our theory unifies some\nmajor approaches to quantitative domain theory.\n" }, { "id": "2f0c0980-ec27-4ad7-bcfc-836f75281c95", "adv_source_id": "2f0c0980-ec27-4ad7-bcfc-836f75281c95", "source_id": "2f0c0980-ec27-4ad7-bcfc-836f75281c95", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ettore Majorana and his heritage seventy years later", "prompt": null, "generation": " The physicists working in several areas of research know quite well the name\nof Ettore Majorana, since it is currently associated to fundamental concepts\nlike {\\it Majorana neutrinos} in particle physics and cosmology or {\\it\nMajorana fermions} in condensed matter physics. But, probably, very few is\nknown about other substantial contributions of that ingenious scholar, and even\nless about his personal background. For non specialists, instead, the name of\nEttore Majorana is usually intimately related to the fact that he disappeared\nrather mysteriously on March 26, 1938, just seventy years ago, and was never\nseen again. The life and the work of this Italian scientist is the object of\nthe present review, which will also offer a summary of the main results\nachieved in recent times by the historical and scientific researches on his\nwork.\n" }, { "id": "3db585f0-0f73-4361-9571-4814b566bf30", "adv_source_id": "3db585f0-0f73-4361-9571-4814b566bf30", "source_id": "3db585f0-0f73-4361-9571-4814b566bf30", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement Entropy at Generalized Rokhsar-Kivelson Points of Quantum\n Dimer Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the $n=2$ R\\' enyi entanglement entropy of the triangular quantum\ndimer model via Monte Carlo sampling of Rokhsar-Kivelson(RK)-like ground state\nwavefunctions. Using the construction proposed by Kitaev and Preskill [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 96, 110404 (2006)] and an adaptation of the Monte Carlo algorithm\ndescribed by Hastings \\emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 157201 (2010)], we\ncompute the topological entanglement entropy (TEE) at the RK point $\\gamma =\n(1.001 \\pm 0.003) \\ln 2$ confirming earlier results. Additionally, we compute\nthe TEE of the ground state of a generalized RK-like Hamiltonian and\ndemonstrate the universality of TEE over a wide range of parameter values\nwithin a topologically ordered phase approaching a quantum phase transition.\nFor systems sizes that are accessible numerically, we find that the\nquantization of TEE depends sensitively on correlations. We characterize corner\ncontributions to the entanglement entropy and show that these are well\ndescribed by shifts proportional to the number and types of corners in the\nbipartition.\n" }, { "id": "0ab237c1-8318-4297-b53c-ede69b01e2dc", "adv_source_id": "0ab237c1-8318-4297-b53c-ede69b01e2dc", "source_id": "0ab237c1-8318-4297-b53c-ede69b01e2dc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Forward Tevatron Tops and Backward LHC Tops with Associates", "prompt": null, "generation": " The anomalous forward-backward asymmetry (A_FB) in t tbar production at the\nTevatron is in apparent contradiction with the t tbar charge asymmetry (A_C)\nmeasurements at the LHC, which agree well with the standard model predictions.\nWe argue that associated production of a state with [u tbar] flavor quantum\nnumbers can lead to a sizable negative contribution to A_C. Exchange of such a\nresonance in the t-channel would lead to positive contributions to A_FB and\nA_C, as has been extensively discussed in the literature. Given the additional\nnegative A_C contribution, both the Tevatron and LHC data can be naturally\naccommodated within this framework. A simple realization of this setup is the\nwell known example of a Z' with flavor off-diagonal up-top couplings. We\nprovide a detailed study of this model, demonstrating that it indeed reproduces\nthe t tbar asymmetry data, and is compatible with other constraints, e.g. t+jet\nresonance searches, t tbar inclusive jet multiplicities, and atomic parity\nviolation.\n" }, { "id": "960232bf-c27c-4c27-a11d-f0f395ffed60", "adv_source_id": "960232bf-c27c-4c27-a11d-f0f395ffed60", "source_id": "960232bf-c27c-4c27-a11d-f0f395ffed60", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling pion physics in the $\\epsilon$-regime of two-flavor QCD using\n strong coupling lattice QED", "prompt": null, "generation": " In order to model pions of two-flavor QCD we consider a lattice field theory\ninvolving two flavors of staggered quarks interacting strongly with U(1) gauge\nfields. For massless quarks, this theory has an $SU_L(2)\\times SU_R(2) \\times\nU_A(1)$ symmetry. By adding a four-fermion term we can break the U_A(1)\nsymmetry and thus incorporate the physics of the QCD anomaly. We can also tune\nthe pion decay constant F, to be small compared to the lattice cutoff by\nstarting with an extra fictitious dimension, thus allowing us to model low\nenergy pion physics in a setting similar to lattice QCD from first principles.\nHowever, unlike lattice QCD, a major advantage of our model is that we can\neasily design efficient algorithms to compute a variety of quantities in the\nchiral limit. Here we show that the model reproduces the predictions of chiral\nperturbation theory in the $\\epsilon$-regime.\n" }, { "id": "11f5a81e-8694-4b36-9dee-a409757a0f64", "adv_source_id": "11f5a81e-8694-4b36-9dee-a409757a0f64", "source_id": "11f5a81e-8694-4b36-9dee-a409757a0f64", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "I-SolFramework: An Integrated Solution Framework Six Layers Assessment\n on Multimedia Information Security Architecture Policy Compliance", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multimedia Information security becomes a important part for the\norganization's intangible assets. Level of confidence and stakeholder trusted\nare performance indicator as successes organization, it is imperative for\norganizations to use Information Security Management System (ISMS) to\neffectively manage their multimedia information assets. The main objective of\nthis paper is to Provide a novel practical framework approach to the\ndevelopment of ISMS, Called by the I-SolFramework, implemented in multimedia\ninformation security architecture (MISA), it divides a problem into six object\ndomains or six layers, namely organization,stakeholders, tool & technology,\npolicy, knowledge, and culture. In addition, this framework also introduced\nnovelty algorithm and mathematic models as measurement and assessment tools of\nMISA parameters.\n" }, { "id": "be7b8412-95de-460e-8238-27a55bbf8525", "adv_source_id": "be7b8412-95de-460e-8238-27a55bbf8525", "source_id": "be7b8412-95de-460e-8238-27a55bbf8525", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Oncoprotein metastasis disjoined", "prompt": null, "generation": " As the past decade barely dawned, a fundamentally novel view of cancer\nrelating to signal transduction through intracellular hormones/growth factors\nand their subunits began to unfold. Further along, it gained additional\nsubstance with the advent of the interdisciplinary fields of particle biology\nand peptide strings which explain (onco)protein dynamics in spacetime, for\ninstance insulin-driven sub- and trans-cellular carcinogenesis, by physical\nprinciples. Here, this new understanding is expanded to introduce the concept\nof \"oncoprotein metastasis\" preceding cancer cell spread and, thereby, a\nparticular emphasis is placed on its potential role in the emergence of the\npre-metastatic niche. Consistent with this perception, yet unlike currently\nadvocated treatments that target cancer cells only, future antineoplastic\nstrategies should aim to mimic natural tumor suppressors as well as involve\nboth (morphologically) normal and malignant cells. If validated in human\npatients with advanced cancer disease, its otherwise frequently lethal course\nmay be halted and reversed just in time.\n" }, { "id": "b97aa401-bc78-477f-ac40-6ac305053f55", "adv_source_id": "b97aa401-bc78-477f-ac40-6ac305053f55", "source_id": "b97aa401-bc78-477f-ac40-6ac305053f55", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Another New Solvable Many-Body Model of Goldfish Type", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new solvable many-body problem is identified. It is characterized by\nnonlinear Newtonian equations of motion (\"acceleration equal force\") featuring\none-body and two-body velocity-dependent forces \"of goldfish type\" which\ndetermine the motion of an arbitrary number $N$ of unit-mass point-particles in\na plane. The $N$ (generally complex) values $z_{n}(t)$ at time $t$ of the $N$\ncoordinates of these moving particles are given by the $N$ eigenvalues of a\ntime-dependent $N\\times N$ matrix $U(t)$ explicitly known in terms of the 2N\ninitial data $z_{n}(0)$ and $\\dot{z}_{n}(0)$. This model comes in two different\nvariants, one featuring 3 arbitrary coupling constants, the other only 2; for\nspecial values of these parameters all solutions are completely periodic with\nthe same period independent of the initial data (\"isochrony\"); for other\nspecial values of these parameters this property holds up to corrections\nvanishing exponentially as $t\\rightarrow \\infty$ (\"asymptotic isochrony\").\nOther isochronous variants of these models are also reported. Alternative\nformulations, obtained by changing the dependent variables from the $N$ zeros\nof a monic polynomial of degree $N$ to its $N$ coefficients, are also\nexhibited. Some mathematical findings implied by some of these results - such\nas Diophantine properties of the zeros of certain polynomials - are outlined,\nbut their analysis is postponed to a separate paper.\n" }, { "id": "dae85ca1-24e5-488e-a44c-312c9ecad4c4", "adv_source_id": "dae85ca1-24e5-488e-a44c-312c9ecad4c4", "source_id": "dae85ca1-24e5-488e-a44c-312c9ecad4c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermodynamic Properties of electrically modulated monolayer Graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " Theoretical investigation of thermodynamic properties of electrically\nmodulated monolayer graphene in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field\nB is presented.This work is aimed at determining the modulation induced effects\non the thermodynamic properties of electrically modulated graphene.The results\nobtained are compared with those of the conventional 2DEG. The one-dimensional\nperiodic potential due to electric modulation lifts the degeneracy of the\nLandau Levels and converts them into bands whose width oscillates as a function\nof B. We find Weiss type oscillations for small values of B and dHvA type\noscillations at larger values values of $B$. We find that the modulation\ninduced effects on the thermodynamic properties are enhanced and less damped\nwith temperature in graphene compared with conventional 2DEG system.\n" }, { "id": "b5190647-ed5a-405f-9d84-a900bd412101", "adv_source_id": "b5190647-ed5a-405f-9d84-a900bd412101", "source_id": "b5190647-ed5a-405f-9d84-a900bd412101", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of nonlinear modes of variation for functional data", "prompt": null, "generation": " A set of curves or images of similar shape is an increasingly common\nfunctional data set collected in the sciences. Principal Component Analysis\n(PCA) is the most widely used technique to decompose variation in functional\ndata. However, the linear modes of variation found by PCA are not always\ninterpretable by the experimenters. In addition, the modes of variation of\ninterest to the experimenter are not always linear. We present in this paper a\nnew analysis of variance for Functional Data. Our method was motivated by\ndecomposing the variation in the data into predetermined and interpretable\ndirections (i.e. modes) of interest. Since some of these modes could be\nnonlinear, we develop a new defined ratio of sums of squares which takes into\naccount the curvature of the space of variation. We discuss, in the general\ncase, consistency of our estimates of variation, using mathematical tools from\ndifferential geometry and shape statistics. We successfully applied our method\nto a motivating example of biological data. This decomposition allows\nbiologists to compare the prevalence of different genetic tradeoffs in a\npopulation and to quantify the effect of selection on evolution.\n" }, { "id": "dfd74333-d8e6-4b44-8c7d-6335054a8500", "adv_source_id": "dfd74333-d8e6-4b44-8c7d-6335054a8500", "source_id": "dfd74333-d8e6-4b44-8c7d-6335054a8500", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimized coupling of cold atoms into a fiber using a blue-detuned\n hollow-beam funnel", "prompt": null, "generation": " We theoretically investigate the process of coupling cold atoms into the core\nof a hollow-core photonic-crystal optical fiber using a blue-detuned\nLaguerre-Gaussian beam. In contrast to the use of a red-detuned Gaussian beam\nto couple the atoms, the blue-detuned hollow-beam can confine cold atoms to the\ndarkest regions of the beam thereby minimizing shifts in the internal states\nand making the guide highly robust to heating effects. This single optical beam\nis used as both a funnel and guide to maximize the number of atoms into the\nfiber. In the proposed experiment, Rb atoms are loaded into a magneto-optical\ntrap (MOT) above a vertically-oriented optical fiber. We observe a\ngravito-optical trapping effect for atoms with high orbital momentum around the\ntrap axis, which prevents atoms from coupling to the fiber: these atoms lack\nthe kinetic energy to escape the potential and are thus trapped in the laser\nfunnel indefinitely. We find that by reducing the dipolar force to the point at\nwhich the trapping effect just vanishes, it is possible to optimize the\ncoupling of atoms into the fiber. Our simulations predict that by using a\nlow-power (2.5 mW) and far-detuned (300 GHz) Laguerre-Gaussian beam with a\n20-{\\mu}m radius core hollow-fiber it is possible to couple 11% of the atoms\nfrom a MOT 9 mm away from the fiber. When MOT is positioned further away,\ncoupling efficiencies over 50% can be achieved with larger core fibers.\n" }, { "id": "d615970a-af76-491d-89e4-40cf085a95e5", "adv_source_id": "d615970a-af76-491d-89e4-40cf085a95e5", "source_id": "d615970a-af76-491d-89e4-40cf085a95e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anomalous decay of an atom in structured band gap reservoirs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the spontaneous emission of a two-level atom interacting with a\nspecial class of structured reservoirs of field modes with band gap edge\ncoinciding with the atomic transition frequency. The exact time evolution of\nthe population of the excited level is evaluated analytically through series of\nFox-$H$ functions. Over estimated long time scales, inverse power law\nrelaxations emerge, with powers decreasing continuously to 2 according to the\nchoice of the special reservoir. No trapping of the population of the excited\nlevel emerges. The same results are recovered in presence of $N-1$ atoms, each\none in the ground state, described by the Dicke model. The power of the inverse\npower law decay results to be independent of $N$. A critical number\n$N_{\\alpha}^{(\\star)}$ is evaluated, such that, for $N \\gg\nN_{\\alpha}^{(\\star)}$, the inverse power law decay vanishes.\n" }, { "id": "985eeefb-301f-42db-b166-4e70cfb9b70a", "adv_source_id": "985eeefb-301f-42db-b166-4e70cfb9b70a", "source_id": "985eeefb-301f-42db-b166-4e70cfb9b70a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Optimal Decision Procedure for MPNL over the Integers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Interval temporal logics provide a natural framework for qualitative and\nquantitative temporal reason- ing over interval structures, where the truth of\nformulae is defined over intervals rather than points. In this paper, we study\nthe complexity of the satisfiability problem for Metric Propositional Neigh-\nborhood Logic (MPNL). MPNL features two modalities to access intervals \"to the\nleft\" and \"to the right\" of the current one, respectively, plus an infinite set\nof length constraints. MPNL, interpreted over the naturals, has been recently\nshown to be decidable by a doubly exponential procedure. We improve such a\nresult by proving that MPNL is actually EXPSPACE-complete (even when length\nconstraints are encoded in binary), when interpreted over finite structures,\nthe naturals, and the in- tegers, by developing an EXPSPACE decision procedure\nfor MPNL over the integers, which can be easily tailored to finite linear\norders and the naturals (EXPSPACE-hardness was already known).\n" }, { "id": "ef8720c3-9ec2-49dd-ae1a-8a275546bed2", "adv_source_id": "ef8720c3-9ec2-49dd-ae1a-8a275546bed2", "source_id": "ef8720c3-9ec2-49dd-ae1a-8a275546bed2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Fractional London Equation and The Fractional Pippard Model For\n Superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " With the discovery of new superconductors there was a running to find the\njustifications for the new properties found in these materials. In order to\ndescribe these new effects some theories were adapted and some others have been\ntried. In this work we present an application of the fractional calculus to\nstudy the superconductor in the context of London theory. Here we investigated\nthe linear London equation modified by fractional derivatives for\nnon-differentiable functions, instead of integer ones, in a coarse grained\nscenario. We apply the fractional approach based in the modified\nRiemann-Liouville sense to improve the model in order to include possible\nnon-local interactions and the media. It is argued that the e ects of\nnon-locality and long memory, intrinsic to the formalism of the fractional\ncalculus, are relevant to achieving a satisfactory phenomenological\ndescription. In order to compare the present results with the usual London\ntheory, we calculated the magnetic field distribution for a mesoscopic\nsuperconductor system. Also, a fractional Pippard-like model is proposed to\ntake into account the non-locality beside effects of interactions and the\nmedia. We propose that parameter alfa of fractionality can be used to create an\nalternative way to characterize superconductors.\n" }, { "id": "5da65f3f-f6fe-4b58-9620-568fd9ab1cc7", "adv_source_id": "5da65f3f-f6fe-4b58-9620-568fd9ab1cc7", "source_id": "5da65f3f-f6fe-4b58-9620-568fd9ab1cc7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Renormalization group invariance in the Pinch Technique", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show how to construct, using an elementary extension of the Pinch\nTechnique, all off-shell Green's functions of a non-Abelian gauge theory so\nthat they are locally gauge-invariant and renormalization-group invariant\n(RGI), as the S-matrix is, as well as being process-independent,\ncoupling-constant independent (dimensional transmutation), and satisfying\nQED-like Ward identities. We call these PT-RGI Green's functions and outline\nhow to construct an approximate three-gluon PT-RGI vertex with three physical\nscales and no dependence on the renormalization point $\\mu$. Properties of the\nPT-RGI Schwinger-Dyson equations are discussed, mostly in the context of a\nmodified form of $\\phi^3_6$. The PT-RGI property of all off-shell Green's\nfunctions, plus other work of long ago, leads to a near-realization of the old\ndreams of S-matrix theorists.\n" }, { "id": "77bf5090-c562-4438-9642-c4e388cbf67c", "adv_source_id": "77bf5090-c562-4438-9642-c4e388cbf67c", "source_id": "77bf5090-c562-4438-9642-c4e388cbf67c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optical Counterpart of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source IC 342 X-1", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present Chandra and HST observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source\n(ULX) IC 342 X-1. The Chandra and HST images are aligned using two X-ray\nemitting foreground stars. The astrometry corrected position for X-1 is R.A. =\n03h45m55.61s, Decl. = +68d04m55.3s (J2000) with an error circle of 0.2\". One\nextended optical source is found in the error circle, which could be the\noptical counterpart of X-1. The source shows an extended feature in HST images\nat long wavelengths, which is likely to be a superposition of two point\nsources, although it is possible that the dimmer one could be a jet. Both\nsources are much redder than typical for ULX optical counterparts. The brighter\none has an absolute magnitude M_V = -5.2 +/- 0.2 and (B-V)_0 = 0.66 +/- 0.13\nand the dimmer star is not detected in B and has (B-V)_0 > 2.1. Their colors\nare consistent with an F8 to G0 Ib supergiant or a carbon star, respectively.\nHowever, it is likely that part or most of the optical emission may be due to\nX-rays reprocessed by the companion star or the accretion disk. The stellar\nneighborhood of IC 342 X-1 lacks O stars and has a minimum age of ~10 Myr. This\nexcludes the possibility that the surrounding nebula is powered by an energetic\nexplosion of a single massive star that formed a black hole. We suggest that\nthe nebula is most likely powered by an outflow from the X-ray source.\n" }, { "id": "7223ea11-f83d-40c7-b3b2-aa3d29dc3933", "adv_source_id": "7223ea11-f83d-40c7-b3b2-aa3d29dc3933", "source_id": "7223ea11-f83d-40c7-b3b2-aa3d29dc3933", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strategic Execution in the Presence of an Uninformed Arbitrageur", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a trader who aims to liquidate a large position in the presence\nof an arbitrageur who hopes to profit from the trader's activity. The\narbitrageur is uncertain about the trader's position and learns from observed\nprice fluctuations. This is a dynamic game with asymmetric information. We\npresent an algorithm for computing perfect Bayesian equilibrium behavior and\nconduct numerical experiments. Our results demonstrate that the trader's\nstrategy differs significantly from one that would be optimal in the absence of\nthe arbitrageur. In particular, the trader must balance the conflicting desires\nof minimizing price impact and minimizing information that is signaled through\ntrading. Accounting for information signaling and the presence of strategic\nadversaries can greatly reduce execution costs.\n" }, { "id": "903225fb-1fbe-44e6-9d21-11928c96d146", "adv_source_id": "903225fb-1fbe-44e6-9d21-11928c96d146", "source_id": "903225fb-1fbe-44e6-9d21-11928c96d146", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A numerical investigation of the steady states of the spherically\n symmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct, by numerical means, static solutions of the spherically\nsymmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system and investigate various features of\nthe solutions. This extends a previous investigation \\cite{AR1} of the\nchargeless case. We study the possible shapes of the energy density profile as\na function of the area radius when the electric charge of an individual\nparticle is varied as a parameter. We find profiles which are multi-peaked,\nwhere the peaks are separated either by vacuum or a thin atmosphere, and we\nfind that for a sufficiently large charge parameter there are no physically\nmeaningful solutions. Furthermore, we investigate if the inequality\n\\sqrt{M}\\leq \\frac{\\sqrt{R}}{3}+\\sqrt{\\frac{R}{9}+\\frac{Q^2}{3R}}, derived in\n\\cite{An2}, is sharp within the class of solutions to the\nEinstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system. Here M is the ADM mass, Q the charge, and R the\narea radius of the boundary of the static object. We find two classes of\nsolutions with this property, while there is only one in the chargeless case.\nIn particular we find numerical evidence for the existence of arbitrarily thin\nshell solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system. Finally, we consider one\nparameter families of steady states, and we find spirals in the mass-radius\ndiagram for all examples of the microscopic equation of state which we\nconsider.\n" }, { "id": "f61adbf7-2c41-47d7-a2a2-8a653daf1f32", "adv_source_id": "f61adbf7-2c41-47d7-a2a2-8a653daf1f32", "source_id": "f61adbf7-2c41-47d7-a2a2-8a653daf1f32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The formation heritage of Jupiter Family Comet 10P/Tempel 2 as revealed\n by infrared spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present spectral and spatial information for major volatile species in\nComet 10P/Tempel 2, based on high-dispersion infrared spectra acquired on UT\n2010 July 26 (heliocentric distance Rh = 1.44 AU) and September 18 (Rh = 1.62\nAU), following the comet's perihelion passage on UT 2010 July 04. The total\nproduction rate for water on July 26 was (1.90 +/- 0.12) x 10^28 molecules s-1,\nand abundances of six trace gases (relative to water) were: CH3OH (1.58% +/-\n0.23), C2H6 (0.39% +/- 0.04), NH3 (0.83% +/- 0.20), and HCN (0.13% +/- 0.02). A\ndetailed analysis of intensities for water emission lines provided a rotational\ntemperature of 35 +/- 3 K. The mean OPR is consistent with nuclear spin\npopulations in statistical equilibrium (OPR = 3.01 +/- 0.18), and the (1-sigma)\nlower bound corresponds to a spin temperature > 38 K. Our measurements were\ncontemporaneous with a jet-like feature observed at optical wavelengths. The\nspatial profiles of four primary volatiles display strong enhancements in the\njet direction, which favors release from a localized vent on the nucleus. The\nmeasured IR continuum is much more sharply peaked and is consistent with a\ndominant contribution from the nucleus itself. The peak intensities for H2O,\nCH3OH, and C2H6 are offset by ~200 km in the jet direction, suggesting the\npossible existence of a distributed source, such as the release of icy grains\nthat subsequently sublimed in the coma. On UT September 18, no obvious emission\nlines were present in our spectra, nevertheless we obtained a 3-sigma upper\nlimit Q(H2O) < 2.86 x 10^27 molecules s-1.\n" }, { "id": "eebec882-70f2-451c-810d-df98ca790ea6", "adv_source_id": "eebec882-70f2-451c-810d-df98ca790ea6", "source_id": "eebec882-70f2-451c-810d-df98ca790ea6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Notes on teleportation in an expanding space", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the quantum teleportation between a conformal detector Alice\nand an inertial detector Bob in de Sitter space in two schemes, (i) one uses\nfree scalar modes and (ii) one utilizes cavity to store qubit. We show that the\nfidelity of the teleportation is degraded for Bob in both cases. While the\nfidelity-loss is due to the Gibbons-Hawking effect associated with his\ncosmological horizon in the scheme (i), the entanglement decreases in the\nscheme (ii) because the ability to entangle the cavities is reduced by the\nspacetime curvature. With a cutoff at Planck-scale, comparing with the standard\nBunch-Davies choice, we also show that the possible Planckian physics cause\nextra modifications to the fidelity of the teleportation protocol in both\nschemes.\n" }, { "id": "2dd30265-b9b6-4e7d-96f0-ff8871228cdc", "adv_source_id": "2dd30265-b9b6-4e7d-96f0-ff8871228cdc", "source_id": "2dd30265-b9b6-4e7d-96f0-ff8871228cdc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pentagonal puckering in a sheet of amorphous graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ordered graphene has been extensively studied. In this paper we undertake a\nfirst density functional study of it topologically disordered analogues of\ngraphene, in the form of a random network, consisting predominantly of\nhexagonal rings, but also including pentagons and heptagons. After some\npreliminaries with crystalline material, we relax various random network models\nand find that the presence of carbon pentagons induce local curvature, thus\nbreaking the initial planar symmetry, in some analogy with the case of\nfullerenes. Using density functional theory to calculate the total energy, we\nfind that while the planar state is locally stable, there is a puckered state\nthat has lower energy. The scale of the puckering is consistent with that\nexpected with local maxima and minima associated with pentagons surrounded by\nlarger rings; forming local \"buckyball domes\".\n" }, { "id": "daee16a3-5342-428c-bbb8-5bb32216b43a", "adv_source_id": "daee16a3-5342-428c-bbb8-5bb32216b43a", "source_id": "daee16a3-5342-428c-bbb8-5bb32216b43a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Data processing theorems and the second law of thermodynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We draw relationships between the generalized data processing theorems of\nZakai and Ziv (1973 and 1975) and the dynamical version of the second law of\nthermodynamics, a.k.a. the Boltzmann H-Theorem, which asserts that the Shannon\nentropy, $H(X_t)$, pertaining to a finite--state Markov process $\\{X_t\\}$, is\nmonotonically non-decreasing as a function of time $t$, provided that the\nsteady-state distribution of this process is uniform across the state space\n(which is the case when the process designates an isolated system). It turns\nout that both the generalized data processing theorems and the Boltzmann\nH-Theorem can be viewed as special cases of a more general principle concerning\nthe monotonicity (in time) of a certain generalized information measure applied\nto a Markov process. This gives rise to a new look at the generalized data\nprocessing theorem, which suggests to exploit certain degrees of freedom that\nmay lead to better bounds, for a given choice of the convex function that\ndefines the generalized mutual information.\n" }, { "id": "9b17371b-7e00-4fa4-8268-299d6cdeb9e5", "adv_source_id": "9b17371b-7e00-4fa4-8268-299d6cdeb9e5", "source_id": "9b17371b-7e00-4fa4-8268-299d6cdeb9e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Internal Topological Structure of Plane Regions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The study of topological information of spatial objects has for a long time\nbeen a focus of research in disciplines like computational geometry, spatial\nreasoning, cognitive science, and robotics. While the majority of these\nresearches emphasised the topological relations between spatial objects, this\nwork studies the internal topological structure of bounded plane regions, which\ncould consist of multiple pieces and/or have holes and islands to any finite\nlevel. The insufficiency of simple regions (regions homeomorphic to closed\ndisks) to cope with the variety and complexity of spatial entities and\nphenomena has been widely acknowledged. Another significant drawback of simple\nregions is that they are not closed under set operations union, intersection,\nand difference. This paper considers bounded semi-algebraic regions, which are\nclosed under set operations and can closely approximate most plane regions\narising in practice.\n" }, { "id": "19f9c7ac-2235-442f-8b1c-58aa2942c632", "adv_source_id": "19f9c7ac-2235-442f-8b1c-58aa2942c632", "source_id": "19f9c7ac-2235-442f-8b1c-58aa2942c632", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lone Higgs at the LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " We address the possible scenario that the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)\ndiscovers only a Higgs boson after 10 fb^{-1} of operation, and attempt to\nidentify this Higgs boson as that of the Standard Model (SM), the minimal\nuniversal extra dimension model (MUED), the littlest Higgs model with T-parity\n(LHT), or the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), using only the\nmeasurement of the product of gluon-fusion production cross section and the\ndi-photon branching ratio. In MUED, by decoupling any new physics sufficiently\nto evade the discovery reach at the LHC, the deviation of the signal from the\nSM is not statistically significant. However, in LHT and MSSM, it is possible\nto have a significant deviation in the signal that is consistent with this\n\"lone Higgs scenario\", and, in the case of a very large suppression, we can\ndistinguish MSSM and LHT before the discovery of any new resonances. Starting\nwith the lone Higgs scenario and the deviation in this measurement from the\nStandard Model prediction (whether or not statistically significant), we offer\ntests that may discriminate the models and search strategies of discovering new\nphysics signatures with increasing integrated luminosity.\n" }, { "id": "30b18b24-78f6-4222-b589-5719b6399dea", "adv_source_id": "30b18b24-78f6-4222-b589-5719b6399dea", "source_id": "30b18b24-78f6-4222-b589-5719b6399dea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The escape of ionizing photons from supernova-dominated primordial\n galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " In order to assess the contribution of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and Lyman\nalpha emitters (LAEs) at redshifts 36. That implies that\nadditional ionization sources may required at z>6.\n" }, { "id": "31418472-89d5-4429-be47-54e110466aca", "adv_source_id": "31418472-89d5-4429-be47-54e110466aca", "source_id": "31418472-89d5-4429-be47-54e110466aca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Universality proof and analysis of generalized nested Uhrig dynamical\n decoupling", "prompt": null, "generation": " Nested Uhrig dynamical decoupling (NUDD) is a highly efficient quantum error\nsuppression scheme that builds on optimized single axis UDD sequences. We prove\nthe universality of NUDD and analyze its suppression of different error types\nin the setting of generalized control pulses. We present an explicit lower\nbound for the decoupling order of each error type, which we relate to the\nsequence orders of the nested UDD layers. We find that the error suppression\ncapabilities of NUDD are strongly dependent on the parities and relative\nmagnitudes of all nested UDD sequence orders. This allows us to predict the\noptimal arrangement of sequence orders. We test and confirm our analysis using\nnumerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "f440cbc7-c610-492a-bc7e-4ad6901270a5", "adv_source_id": "f440cbc7-c610-492a-bc7e-4ad6901270a5", "source_id": "f440cbc7-c610-492a-bc7e-4ad6901270a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Energy Spectra for Fractional Quantum Hall States", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHS) with the filling factor nu = p/q of q <\n21 are examined and their energies are calculated. The classical Coulomb energy\nis evaluated among many electrons; that energy is linearly dependent on 1/nu.\nThe residual binding energies are also evaluated. The electron pair in nearest\nLandau-orbitals is more affected via Coulomb transition than an electron pair\nin non-nearest orbitals. Each nearest electron pair can transfer to some empty\norbital pair, but it cannot transfer to the other empty orbital pair because of\nconservation of momentum. Counting the numbers of the allowed and forbidden\ntransitions, the binding energies are evaluated for filling factors of 126\nfraction numbers. Gathering the classical Coulomb energy and the pair\ntransition energy, we obtain the spectrum of energy versus nu. This energy\nspectrum elucidates the precise confinement of Hall resistance at specific\nfractional filling factors.\n" }, { "id": "2e749703-5166-4e8f-af2f-093f23f71b9b", "adv_source_id": "2e749703-5166-4e8f-af2f-093f23f71b9b", "source_id": "2e749703-5166-4e8f-af2f-093f23f71b9b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Torus-invariant prime ideals in quantum matrices, totally nonnegative\n cells and symplectic leaves", "prompt": null, "generation": " The algebra of quantum matrices of a given size supports a rational torus\naction by automorphisms. It follows from work of Letzter and the first named\nauthor that to understand the prime and primitive spectra of this algebra, the\nfirst step is to understand the prime ideals that are invariant under the torus\naction. In this paper, we prove that a family of quantum minors is the set of\nall quantum minors that belong to a given torus-invariant prime ideal of a\nquantum matrix algebra if and only if the corresponding family of minors\ndefines a non-empty totally nonnegative cell in the space of totally\nnonnegative real matrices of the appropriate size. As a corollary, we obtain\nexplicit generating sets of quantum minors for the torus-invariant prime ideals\nof quantum matrices in the case where the quantisation parameter $q$ is\ntranscendental over $\\mathbb{Q}$.\n" }, { "id": "2a1ce033-03ff-495a-8d2c-4df44f8ce4a0", "adv_source_id": "2a1ce033-03ff-495a-8d2c-4df44f8ce4a0", "source_id": "2a1ce033-03ff-495a-8d2c-4df44f8ce4a0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extendable Cohomologies for Complex Analytic Varieties", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a cohomology, called extendable cohomology, for abstract complex\nsingular varieties based on suitable differential forms. Beside a study of the\ngeneral properties of such a cohomology, we show that, given a complex vector\nbundle, one can compute its topological Chern classes using the extendable\nChern classes, defined via a Chern-Weil type theory. We also prove that the\nlocalizations of the extendable Chern classes represent the localizations of\nthe respective topological Chern classes, thus obtaining an abstract residue\ntheorem for compact singular complex analytic varieties. As an application of\nour theory, we prove a Camacho-Sad type index theorem for holomorphic\nfoliations of singular complex varieties.\n" }, { "id": "bfbfdbb2-49a6-4a11-948c-aff27c32545f", "adv_source_id": "bfbfdbb2-49a6-4a11-948c-aff27c32545f", "source_id": "bfbfdbb2-49a6-4a11-948c-aff27c32545f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Generalized Loop Correction Method for Approximate Inference in\n Graphical Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Belief Propagation (BP) is one of the most popular methods for inference in\nprobabilistic graphical models. BP is guaranteed to return the correct answer\nfor tree structures, but can be incorrect or non-convergent for loopy graphical\nmodels. Recently, several new approximate inference algorithms based on cavity\ndistribution have been proposed. These methods can account for the effect of\nloops by incorporating the dependency between BP messages. Alternatively,\nregion-based approximations (that lead to methods such as Generalized Belief\nPropagation) improve upon BP by considering interactions within small clusters\nof variables, thus taking small loops within these clusters into account. This\npaper introduces an approach, Generalized Loop Correction (GLC), that benefits\nfrom both of these types of loop correction. We show how GLC relates to these\ntwo families of inference methods, then provide empirical evidence that GLC\nworks effectively in general, and can be significantly more accurate than both\ncorrection schemes.\n" }, { "id": "793215cb-e50e-4968-91d7-361f428d49ca", "adv_source_id": "793215cb-e50e-4968-91d7-361f428d49ca", "source_id": "793215cb-e50e-4968-91d7-361f428d49ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strongly driven molecules: probing the tunneling phase in the\n over-the-barrier regime and prevalence of different double ionization\n pathways", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using a three-dimensional quasiclassical technique we explore molecular\ndouble ionization by a linearly polarized, infrared (800~nm) 27~fs laser pulse.\nFor intensities ranging from the tunneling to the over-the-barrier regime, we\nidentify the double ionization pathways in a unified way as a function of total\nelectron energy. For the tunneling regime, we discuss the differences in the\ninterplay of double ionization (DI) pathways between strongly driven He and\nstrongly driven $N_{2}$. For intermediate intensities in the over-the-barrier\nregime, we find that both the correlated momenta and the double ionization\nprobability distribution as a function of total energy probe the tunneling\nphase of the re-colliding electron. This allows for a direct verification of\nthe re-colliding electron tunneling at a large phase of the laser field in the\nover-the-barrier regime in contrast to a small tunneling phase in the tunneling\nregime.\n" }, { "id": "a8fffa5b-d716-4a5f-8c11-4286a26088de", "adv_source_id": "a8fffa5b-d716-4a5f-8c11-4286a26088de", "source_id": "a8fffa5b-d716-4a5f-8c11-4286a26088de", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Recollements of derived categories II: Algebraic K-theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " For a recollement of derived module categories of rings, we provide\nsufficient conditions to guarantee the additivity formula of higher algebraic\nK-groups of the rings involved, and establish a long Mayer-Vietoris exact\nsequence of higher algebraic K-groups for homological exact contexts introduced\nin the first paper of this series. Our results are then applied to recollements\ninduced from homological ring epimorphisms and noncommutative localizations.\nConsequently, we get an infinitely long Mayer-Vietoris exact sequence of\nK-theory for Milnor squares, re-obtain a result of Karoubi on localizations and\na result on generalized free products pioneered by Waldhausen and developed by\nNeeman and Ranicki. In particular, we describe algebraic $K$-groups of the free\nproduct of two groups over a regular coherent ring as the ones of the\nnoncommutative tensor product of an exact context. This yields a new\ndescription of algebraic $K$-theory of infinite dihedral group.\n" }, { "id": "60374f92-9e81-4549-97a1-c19ead275514", "adv_source_id": "60374f92-9e81-4549-97a1-c19ead275514", "source_id": "60374f92-9e81-4549-97a1-c19ead275514", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "From loops to trees by-passing Feynman's theorem", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive a duality relation between one-loop integrals and phase-space\nintegrals emerging from them through single cuts. The duality relation is\nrealized by a modification of the customary +i0 prescription of the Feynman\npropagators. The new prescription regularizing the propagators, which we write\nin a Lorentz covariant form, compensates for the absence of multiple-cut\ncontributions that appear in the Feynman Tree Theorem. The duality relation can\nbe applied to generic one-loop quantities in any relativistic, local and\nunitary field theories. %It is suitable for applications to the analytical\ncalculation of %one-loop scattering amplitudes, and to the numerical evaluation\nof %cross-sections at next-to-leading order. We discuss in detail the duality\nthat relates one-loop and tree-level Green's functions. We comment on\napplications to the analytical calculation of one-loop scattering amplitudes,\nand to the numerical evaluation of cross-sections at next-to-leading order.\n" }, { "id": "955d5f24-9b2d-4627-9cb1-6e0f27eb3491", "adv_source_id": "955d5f24-9b2d-4627-9cb1-6e0f27eb3491", "source_id": "955d5f24-9b2d-4627-9cb1-6e0f27eb3491", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Architecture of Planetary Systems Based on Kepler Data: Number of\n Planets and Coplanarity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigated the underlying architecture of planetary systems by deriving\nthe distribution of planet multiplicity (number of planets) and the\ndistribution of orbital inclinations based on the sample of planet candidates\ndiscovered by the Kepler mission. The scope of our study included solar-like\nstars and planets with orbital periods less than 200 days and with radii\nbetween 1.5 and 30 Earth radii, and was based on Kepler planet candidates\ndetected during Quarters 1 through 6. We created models of planetary systems\nwith different distributions of planet multiplicity and inclinations, simulated\nobservations of these systems by Kepler, and compared the properties of the\ntransits of detectable objects to actual Kepler planet detections.\nSpecifically, we compared with both the Kepler sample's transit numbers and\nnormalized transit duration ratios in order to determine each model's\ngoodness-of-fit. We did not include any constraints from radial velocity\nsurveys. Based on our best-fit models, 75-80% of planetary systems have 1 or 2\nplanets with orbital periods less than 200 days. In addition, over 85% of\nplanets have orbital inclinations less than 3 degrees (relative to a common\nreference plane). This high degree of coplanarity is comparable to that seen in\nour Solar System. These results have implications for planet formation and\nevolution theories. Low inclinations are consistent with planets forming in a\nprotoplanetary disk, followed by evolution without significant and lasting\nperturbations from other bodies capable of increasing inclinations.\n" }, { "id": "a8fa3d51-556b-4066-8a5c-75b1d161c02e", "adv_source_id": "a8fa3d51-556b-4066-8a5c-75b1d161c02e", "source_id": "a8fa3d51-556b-4066-8a5c-75b1d161c02e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Harari-Shupe preon model and nonrelativistic quantum phase space", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose that the whole algebraic structure of the Harari-Shupe rishon\nmodel originates via a Dirac-like linearization of quadratic form x^2+p^2, with\nposition and momentum satisfying standard commutation relations. The scheme\ndoes not invoke the concept of preons as spin-1/2 subparticles, thus evading\nthe problem of preon confinement, while fully explaining all symmetries emboded\nin the Harari-Shupe model. Furthermore, the concept of quark colour is\nnaturally linked to the ordering of rishons. Our scheme leads to group\nU(1)xSU(3) combined with SU(2), with two of the SU(2) generators not commuting\nwith reflections. An interpretation of intra-generation quark-lepton\ntransformations in terms of genuine rotations and reflections in phase space is\nproposed.\n" }, { "id": "f282f6b4-5fda-4af1-8bf3-277f2c5321f6", "adv_source_id": "f282f6b4-5fda-4af1-8bf3-277f2c5321f6", "source_id": "f282f6b4-5fda-4af1-8bf3-277f2c5321f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electron spin diffusion and transport in graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the spin diffusion and transport in a graphene monolayer on\nSiO$_2$ substrate by means of the microscopic kinetic spin Bloch equation\napproach. The substrate causes a strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling field $\\sim\n0.15$ meV, which might be accounted for by the impurities initially present in\nthe substrate or even the substrate-induced structure distortion. By surface\nchemical doping with Au atoms, this Rashba spin-orbit coupling is further\nstrengthened as the adatoms can distort the graphene lattice from $sp^2$ to\n$sp^3$ bonding structure. By fitting the Au doping dependence of spin\nrelaxation from Pi {\\sl et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 104}, 187201 (2010)],\nthe Rashba spin-orbit coupling coefficient is found to increase approximately\nlinearly from 0.15 to 0.23 meV with the increase of Au density. With this\nstrong spin-orbit coupling, the spin diffusion or transport length is\ncomparable with the experimental values. In the strong scattering limit\n(dominated by the electron-impurity scattering in our study), the spin\ndiffusion is uniquely determined by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength and\ninsensitive to the temperature, electron density as well as scattering. With\nthe presence of an electric field along the spin injection direction, the spin\ntransport length can be modulated by either the electric field or the electron\ndensity. (The remaining is omitted due to the limit of space)\n" }, { "id": "c77eba67-8436-4611-a2e0-b0b4edf0174b", "adv_source_id": "c77eba67-8436-4611-a2e0-b0b4edf0174b", "source_id": "c77eba67-8436-4611-a2e0-b0b4edf0174b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Comment on \"Influence of the Southern Oscillation on tropospheric\n temperature\" by J. D. McLean, C. R. de Freitas, and R. M. Carter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate an alternative correlation between the El Ni\\~no Southern\nOscillation (ENSO) and global temperature variation to that shown by McLean et\nal. [2009]. We show 50% of the variation in RATPAC-A tropospheric temperature\n(and 54% of HadCRUT3) is explained by a novel cumulative Southern Oscillation\nIndex (cSOI) term in a simple linear regression. We review evidence from\nphysical and statistical research in support of the hypothesis that\naccumulation of the effects of ENSO can produce natural multi-decadal warming\ntrends. Although it is not possible to reliably determine the relative\ncontribution of anthropogenic forcing and SOI accumulation from multiple\nregression models due to collinearity, these analyses suggest that an\naccumulation ratio cSOI/SOI of $4.8\\pm1.5%$ and up to $9\\pm2%$ is sufficient\nfor ENSO to play a large part in the global mean temperature trend since 1960.\n" }, { "id": "fc4c012c-6dd8-4151-b5e4-d6b3802d1b75", "adv_source_id": "fc4c012c-6dd8-4151-b5e4-d6b3802d1b75", "source_id": "fc4c012c-6dd8-4151-b5e4-d6b3802d1b75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Polarization and polarization induced electric field in nitrides -\n critical evaluation based on DFT studies", "prompt": null, "generation": " Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were used to evaluate polarity\nof group III nitrides, such as aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN)\nand indium nitride (InN) providing physically sound quantitative measure of\npolarity of these materials. Two different approaches to polarization of\nnitride semiconductors were assessed and the conclusions have been used to\ndevelop models. It was shown that Berry phase formulation of the electron\nrelated polarization component provides a number of various solutions,\ndifferent for various selection of the simulated volume. The electronic part\ngives saw-like pattern for polarization. A total number of these solutions,\nrelated to well known scaling of the geometric phase, is equal to the number of\nvalence electrons in the system. Summation with similar pattern for ionic part\nprovides several polarization values. Standard dipole density formulation\ndepends on the selection of the simulation volume in periodic continuous way.\nUsing a condition of continuous embedding into the infinite medium, and\nsimultaneously, the zero surface charge representation at crystal boundary\nprovides to physically sound solution. This solution is corresponding to\nmaximal and minimal polarization values and also corresponds to different\nphysical termination of the crystal surfaces, either bare or covered by\ncomplementary atoms. This change leads to polarization and electric field\nreversal. The polarization and related fields in finite size systems were\nobtained.\n" }, { "id": "8562d64b-9beb-4a18-824c-178b407f7157", "adv_source_id": "8562d64b-9beb-4a18-824c-178b407f7157", "source_id": "8562d64b-9beb-4a18-824c-178b407f7157", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ligand-Receptor Interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The formation and dissociation of specific noncovalent interactions between a\nvariety of macromolecules play a crucial role in the function of biological\nsystems. During the last few years, three main lines of research led to a\ndramatic improvement of our understanding of these important phenomena. First,\ncombination of genetic engineering and X ray cristallography made available a\nsimultaneous knowledg of the precise structure and affinity of series or\nrelated ligand-receptor systems differing by a few well-defined atoms. Second,\nimprovement of computer power and simulation techniques allowed extended\nexploration of the interaction of realistic macromolecules. Third, simultaneous\ndevelopment of a variety of techniques based on atomic force microscopy,\nhydrodynamic flow, biomembrane probes, optical tweezers, magnetic fields or\nflexible transducers yielded direct experimental information of the behavior of\nsingle ligand receptor bonds. At the same time, investigation of well defined\ncellular models raised the interest of biologists to the kinetic and mechanical\nproperties of cell membrane receptors. The aim of this review is to give a\ndescription of these advances that benefitted from a largely multidisciplinar\napproach.\n" }, { "id": "be8a49ea-4319-49a9-a121-495dc6f771b4", "adv_source_id": "be8a49ea-4319-49a9-a121-495dc6f771b4", "source_id": "be8a49ea-4319-49a9-a121-495dc6f771b4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics of inertial vortices in multi-component Bose-Einstein\n condensates", "prompt": null, "generation": " With use of the nonlinear Schr{\\\"o}dinger (or Gross-Pitaevskii) equation with\nstrong repulsive cubic nonlinearity, dynamics of multi-component Bose-Einstein\ncondensates (BECs) with a harmonic trap in 2 dimensions is investigated beyond\nthe Thomas-Fermi regime. In the case when each component has a single vortex,\nwe obtain an effective nonlinear dynamics for vortex cores (particles). The\nparticles here acquire the inertia, in marked contrast to the standard theory\nof point vortices widely known in the usual hydrodynamics. The effective\ndynamics is equivalent to that of charged particles under a strong spring force\nand in the presence of Lorentz force with the uniform magnetic field. The\ninter-particle (vortex-vortex) interaction is singularly-repulsive and\nshort-ranged with its magnitude decreasing with increasing distance of the\ncenter of mass from the trapping center. \"Chaos in the three-body problem\" in\nthe three vortices system can be seen, which is not expected in the\ncorresponding point vortices without inertia in 2 dimensions.\n" }, { "id": "5e074b34-9e08-4841-aabe-3e64d8d54541", "adv_source_id": "5e074b34-9e08-4841-aabe-3e64d8d54541", "source_id": "5e074b34-9e08-4841-aabe-3e64d8d54541", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "What Separable Frobenius Monoidal Functors Preserve", "prompt": null, "generation": " Separable Frobenius monoidal functors were defined and studied under that\nname by Szlachanyi and by Day and Pastro, and in a more general context by\nCockett and Seely. Our purpose here is to develop their theory in a very\nprecise sense. We determine what kinds of equations in monoidal categories they\npreserve. For example we show they preserve lax (meaning not necessarily\ninvertible) Yang-Baxter operators, weak Yang-Baxter operators in the sense of\nAlonso Alvarez et al., and (in the braided case) weak bimonoids in the sense of\nPastro and Street. In fact, we characterize which monoidal expressions are\npreserved (or rather, are stable under conjugation in a well-defined sense). We\nshow that every weak Yang-Baxter operator is the image of a genuine Yang-Baxter\noperator under a separable Frobenius monoidal functor. Prebimonoidal functors\nare also defined and discussed.\n" }, { "id": "27b97427-7ac8-404e-806e-9b30ab89c18b", "adv_source_id": "27b97427-7ac8-404e-806e-9b30ab89c18b", "source_id": "27b97427-7ac8-404e-806e-9b30ab89c18b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The GRAVITY Coud\\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system for the VLT\n Interferometer", "prompt": null, "generation": " GRAVITY is a second generation instrument for the VLT Interferometer,\ndesigned to enhance the near-infrared astrometric and spectro-imaging\ncapabilities of VLTI. Combining beams from four telescopes, GRAVITY will\nprovide an astrometric precision of order 10 micro-arcseconds, imaging\nresolution of 4 milli-arcseconds, and low and medium resolution\nspectro-interferometry, pushing its performance far beyond current infrared\ninterfero- metric capabilities. To maximise the performance of GRAVITY,\nadaptive optics correction will be implemented at each of the VLT Unit\nTelescopes to correct for the effects of atmospheric turbulence. To achieve\nthis, the GRAVITY project includes a development programme for four new\nwavefront sensors (WFS) and NIR-optimized real time control system. These\ndevices will enable closed-loop adaptive correction at the four Unit Telescopes\nin the range 1.4-2.4 {\\mu}m. This is crucially important for an efficient\nadaptive optics implementation in regions where optically bright references\nsources are scarce, such as the Galactic Centre. We present here the design of\nthe GRAVITY wavefront sensors and give an overview of the expected adaptive\noptics performance under typical observing conditions. Benefiting from newly\ndeveloped SELEX/ESO SAPHIRA electron avalanche photodiode (eAPD) detectors\nproviding fast readout with low noise in the near-infrared, the AO systems are\nexpected to achieve residual wavefront errors of \\leq400 nm at an operating\nfrequency of 500 Hz.\n" }, { "id": "f7a67c55-1870-475c-b4e8-2613464b063c", "adv_source_id": "f7a67c55-1870-475c-b4e8-2613464b063c", "source_id": "f7a67c55-1870-475c-b4e8-2613464b063c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Schubert calculus of Richardson varieties stable under spherical Levi\n subgroups", "prompt": null, "generation": " We observe that the expansion in the basis of Schubert cycles for $H^*(G/B)$\nof the class of a Richardson variety stable under a spherical Levi subgroup is\ndescribed by a theorem of Brion. Using this observation, along with a\ncombinatorial model of the poset of certain symmetric subgroup orbit closures,\nwe give positive combinatorial descriptions of certain Schubert structure\nconstants on the full flag variety in type $A$. Namely, we describe $c_{u,v}^w$\nwhen $u$ and $v$ are inverse to Grassmannian permutations with unique descents\nat $p$ and $q$, respectively. We offer some conjectures for similar rules in\ntypes $B$ and $D$, associated to Richardson varieties stable under spherical\nLevi subgroups of $SO(2n+1,\\C)$ and $SO(2n,\\C)$, respectively.\n" }, { "id": "385a65cb-10f3-481c-b8a0-b9c212c7d8c9", "adv_source_id": "385a65cb-10f3-481c-b8a0-b9c212c7d8c9", "source_id": "385a65cb-10f3-481c-b8a0-b9c212c7d8c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electroweak phase transition in the MNMSSM with explicit CP violation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In explicit CP violation scenario of the minimal non-minimal supersymmetric\nstandard model (MNMSSM), the possibility of a strongly first-order electroweak\nphase transition (EWPT) is investigated at the one-loop level, where the\nradiative corrections from the loops of the top and stop quarks are taken into\naccount. Assuming that the stop quark masses are not degenerate, the radiative\ncorrections due to the stop quarks give rise to a CP phase, which triggers the\nscalar-pseudoscalar mixing in the Higgs sector of the MNMSSM. The lighter stop\nquark need not always to have a small mass in order to ensure the strongly\nfirst-order EWPT. In the MNMSSM with explicit CP violation, it is found that\nthe strength of the first-order EWPT depends on several factors, such as the\nlightest neutral Higgs boson mass and the nontrivial CP phase arising from stop\nquark masses. The effects of these factors are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "74bee6fc-2e30-4625-b5c5-fdb11338d92b", "adv_source_id": "74bee6fc-2e30-4625-b5c5-fdb11338d92b", "source_id": "74bee6fc-2e30-4625-b5c5-fdb11338d92b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "X-ray views of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries", "prompt": null, "generation": " A neutron star low-mass X-ray binary is a binary stellar system with a\nneutron star and a low-mass companion star rotating around each other. In this\nsystem the neutron star accretes mass from the companion, and as this matter\nfalls into the deep potential well of the neutron star, the gravitational\npotential energy is released primarily in the X-ray wavelengths. Such a source\nwas first discovered in X-rays in 1962, and this discovery formally gave birth\nto the \"X-ray astronomy\". In the subsequent decades, our knowledge of these\nsources has increased enormously by the observations with several X-ray space\nmissions. Here we give a brief overview of our current understanding of the\nX-ray observational aspects of these systems.\n" }, { "id": "61b72e86-cdc6-40f2-a593-eb9600183b80", "adv_source_id": "61b72e86-cdc6-40f2-a593-eb9600183b80", "source_id": "61b72e86-cdc6-40f2-a593-eb9600183b80", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ultrafast nano-oscillators based on interlayer-bridged carbon\n nanoscrolls", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate a viable approach to fabricating ultrafast axial\nnano-oscillators based on carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) using molecular dynamics\nsimulations. Initiated by a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT), a monolayer\ngraphene can continuously scroll into a CNS with the CNT housed inside. The CNT\ninside the CNS can oscillate along axial direction at a natural frequency of\n10s gigahertz (GHz). We demonstrate an effective strategy to reduce the\ndissipation of the CNS-based nano-oscillator by covalently bridging the carbon\nlayers in the CNS. We further demonstrate that, such a CNS-based\nnano-oscillator can be excited and driven by an external AC electric field, and\noscillate at more than 100 GHz. The CNS-based nano-oscillators not only offer a\nfeasible pathway toward ultrafast nano-devices, but also hold promise to enable\nnano-scale energy transduction, harnessing and storage (e.g., from electric to\nmechanical).\n" }, { "id": "1b85a131-873e-49e0-9a45-19b27c811641", "adv_source_id": "1b85a131-873e-49e0-9a45-19b27c811641", "source_id": "1b85a131-873e-49e0-9a45-19b27c811641", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Data-driven wavelet-Fisz methodology for nonparametric function\n estimation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a wavelet-based technique for the nonparametric estimation of\nfunctions contaminated with noise whose mean and variance are linked via a\npossibly unknown variance function. Our method, termed the data-driven\nwavelet-Fisz technique, consists of estimating the variance function via a\nNadaraya-Watson estimator, and then performing a wavelet thresholding procedure\nwhich uses the estimated variance function and local means of the data to set\nthe thresholds at a suitable level. We demonstrate the mean-square\nnear-optimality of our wavelet estimator over the usual range of Besov classes.\nTo achieve this, we establish an exponential inequality for the Nadaraya-Watson\nvariance function estimator. We discuss various implementation issues\nconcerning our wavelet estimator, and demonstrate its good practical\nperformance. We also show how it leads to a new wavelet-domain data-driven\nvariance-stabilising transform. Our estimator can be applied to a variety of\nproblems, including the estimation of volatilities, spectral densities and\nPoisson intensities, as well as to a range of problems in which the\ndistribution of the noise is unknown.\n" }, { "id": "663e6d0e-1e6d-4123-accf-28fcfdb84746", "adv_source_id": "663e6d0e-1e6d-4123-accf-28fcfdb84746", "source_id": "663e6d0e-1e6d-4123-accf-28fcfdb84746", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Principle of Navigation Constellation Composed of SIGSO\n Communication Satellites", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS), a navigation system based on GEO\ncommunication satellites, was developed in 2002 by astronomers at Chinese\nAcademy of Sciences. Extensive positioning experiments of CAPS have been\nperformed since 2005. On the basis of CAPS, this paper studies the principle of\nnavigation constellation composed of Slightly Inclined Geostationary Orbit\n(SIGSO) communication satellites. SIGSO satellites are derived from end-of-life\nGeostationary Orbit (GEO) satellites under inclined orbit operation.\nConsidering the abundant frequency resources of SIGSO satellites,\nmulti-frequency observations could be conducted to enhance the precision of\npseudorange measurements and ameliorate the positioning performence. The\nconstellation composed of two GEO satellites and four SIGSO satellites with\ninclination of 5 degrees can provide the most territory of China with 24-hour\nmaximum PDOP less than 42. With synthetic utilization of the truncated precise\n(TP) code and physical augmentation factor in four frequencies, navigation\nsystem with this constellation is expected to obtain comparable positioning\nperformance with that of coarse acquisition code of GPS. When the new approach\nof code-carrier phase combinations is adopted, the system has potential to\npossess commensurate accuracy of precise code in GPS. Additionally, the copious\nfrequency resources can also be used to develop new anti-interference\ntechniques and integrate navigation and communication.\n" }, { "id": "df2826af-7057-40d7-ac77-1562914434e2", "adv_source_id": "df2826af-7057-40d7-ac77-1562914434e2", "source_id": "df2826af-7057-40d7-ac77-1562914434e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The changing rotational excitation of C_3 in comet 9P/Tempel 1 during\n Deep Impact", "prompt": null, "generation": " The 4050\\AA\\ band of C$_3$ was observed with Keck/HIRES echelle spectrometer\nduring the {\\em Deep Impact} encounter. We perform a 2-dimensional analysis of\nthe exposures in order to study the spatial, spectral, and temporal changes in\nthe emission spectrum of C$_3$. The rotational population distribution changes\nafter impact, beginning with an excitation temperature of $\\sim$45\\,K at impact\nand increasing for 2\\,hr up to a maximum of 61$\\pm$5\\,K. From 2 to 4 hours\nafter impact, the excitation temperature decreases to the pre-impact value. We\nmeasured the quiescent production rate of C$_3$ before the encounter to be 1.0\n$\\times 10^{23}$ s$^{-1}$, while 2 hours after impact we recorded a peak\nproduction rate of 1.7 $\\times 10^{23}$ s$^{-1}$. Whereas the excitation\ntemperature returned to the pre-impact value during the observations, the\nproduction rate remained elevated, decreasing slowly, until the end of the\n4\\,hr observations. These results are interpreted in terms of changing gas\ndensities in the coma and short-term changes in the primary chemical production\nmechanism for C$_{3}$.\n" }, { "id": "24994155-a284-4924-8123-8358a455add7", "adv_source_id": "24994155-a284-4924-8123-8358a455add7", "source_id": "24994155-a284-4924-8123-8358a455add7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Valued Ties Tell Fewer Lies: Why Not To Dichotomize Network Edges With\n Thresholds", "prompt": null, "generation": " In order to conduct analyses of networked systems where connections between\nindividuals take on a range of values - counts, continuous strengths or ordinal\nrankings - a common technique is to dichotomize the data according to their\npositions with respect to a threshold value. However, there are two issues to\nconsider: how the results of the analysis depend on the choice of threshold,\nand what role the presence of noise has on a system with respect to a fixed\nthreshold value. We show that while there are principled criteria of keeping\ninformation from the valued graph in the dichotomized version, they produce\nsuch a wide range of binary graphs that only a fraction of the relevant\ninformation will be kept. Additionally, while dichotomization of predictors in\nlinear models has a known asymptotic efficiency loss, the same process applied\nto network edges in a time series model will lead to an efficiency loss that\ngrows larger as the network increases in size.\n" }, { "id": "d704143a-a4a1-4c02-aa42-454c47b848e3", "adv_source_id": "d704143a-a4a1-4c02-aa42-454c47b848e3", "source_id": "d704143a-a4a1-4c02-aa42-454c47b848e3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The effect of feedback on the emission properties of the Warm-Hot\n Intergalactic Medium", "prompt": null, "generation": " At present, 30-40 per cent of the baryons in the local Universe is still\nundetected. According to theoretical predictions, this gas should reside in\nfilaments filling the large-scale structure (LSS) in the form of a Warm-Hot\nIntergalactic Medium (WHIM), at temperatures of 10^5 - 10^7 K, thus emitting in\nthe soft X-ray energies via free-free interaction and line emission from heavy\nelements. In this work we characterize the properties of the X-ray emission of\nthe WHIM, and the LSS in general, focusing on the influence of different\nphysical mechanisms, namely galactic winds (GWs), black-hole feedback and\nstar-formation, and providing estimates of possible observational constraints.\nTo this purpose we use a set of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations that\ninclude a self-consistent treatment of star-formation and chemical enrichment\nof the intergalactic medium, that allows us to follow the evolution of\ndifferent metal species. We construct a set of simulated light-cones to make\npredictions of the emission in the 0.3-10 keV energy range. We obtain that GWs\nincrease by a factor of 2 the emission of both galaxy clusters and WHIM. The\namount of oxygen at average temperature and, consequently, the amount of\nexpected bright Ovii and Oviii lines is increased by a factor of 3 due to GWs\nand by 20 per cent when assuming a top-heavy IMF. We compare our results with\ncurrent observational constraints and find that the emission from faint groups\nand WHIM should account from half to all of the unresolved X-ray background in\nthe 1-2 keV band.\n" }, { "id": "6aa63c1d-cb39-483f-b749-554c8e076572", "adv_source_id": "6aa63c1d-cb39-483f-b749-554c8e076572", "source_id": "6aa63c1d-cb39-483f-b749-554c8e076572", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Fuchsian matrix differential equation for Selberg correlation\n integrals", "prompt": null, "generation": " We characterize averages of $\\prod_{l=1}^N|x - t_l|^{\\alpha - 1}$ with\nrespect to the Selberg density, further contrained so that $t_l \\in [0,x]$\n$(l=1,...,q)$ and $t_l \\in [x,1]$ $(l=q+1,...,N)$, in terms of a basis of\nsolutions of a particular Fuchsian matrix differential equation. By making use\nof the Dotsenko-Fateev integrals, the explicit form of the connection matrix\nfrom the Frobenius type power series basis to this basis is calculated, thus\nallowing us to explicitly compute coefficients in the power series expansion of\nthe averages. From these we are able to compute power series for the marginal\ndistributions of the $t_j$ $(j=1,...,N)$. In the case $q=0$ and $\\alpha < 1$ we\ncompute the explicit leading order term in the $x \\to 0$ asymptotic expansion,\nwhich is of interest to the study of an effect known as singularity dominated\nstrong fluctuations. In the case $q=0$ and $\\alpha \\in \\mathbb Z^+$, and with\nthe absolute values removed, the average is a polynomial, and we demonstrate\nthat its zeros are highly structured.\n" }, { "id": "a3a85eaa-be99-43c4-8aa1-465157a77142", "adv_source_id": "a3a85eaa-be99-43c4-8aa1-465157a77142", "source_id": "a3a85eaa-be99-43c4-8aa1-465157a77142", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the supercritical KdV equation with time-oscillating nonlinearity", "prompt": null, "generation": " For the initial value problem (IVP) associated the generalized Korteweg-de\nVries (gKdV) equation with supercritical nonlinearity,\nu_{t}+\\partial_x^3u+\\partial_x(u^{k+1}) =0,\\qquad k\\geq 5, numerical evidence\n\\cite{BDKM1, BSS1} shows that there are initial data $\\phi\\in H^1(\\mathbb{R})$\nsuch that the corresponding solution may blow-up in finite time. Also, with the\nevidence from numerical simulation \\cite{ACKM, KP}, the physicists claim that a\nperiodic time dependent term in factor of the nonlinearity would disturb the\nblow-up solution, either accelerating or delaying it.\n In this work, we investigate the IVP associated to the gKdV equation\nu_{t}+\\partial_x^3u+g(\\omega t)\\partial_x(u^{k+1}) =0, where $g$ is a periodic\nfunction and $k\\geq 5$ is an integer. We prove that, for given initial data\n$\\phi \\in H^1(\\R)$, as $|\\omega|\\to \\infty$, the solution $u_{\\omega}$\nconverges to the solution $U$ of the initial value problem associated to\nU_{t}+\\partial_x^3U+m(g)\\partial_x(U^{k+1}) =0, with the same initial data,\nwhere $m(g)$ is the average of the periodic function $g$. Moreover, if the\nsolution $U$ is global and satisfies $\\|U\\|_{L_x^5L_t^{10}}<\\infty$, then we\nprove that the solution $u_{\\omega}$ is also global provided $|\\omega|$ is\nsufficiently large.\n" }, { "id": "927dda74-d69b-4112-83ed-b71e20c91be7", "adv_source_id": "927dda74-d69b-4112-83ed-b71e20c91be7", "source_id": "927dda74-d69b-4112-83ed-b71e20c91be7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore a dark-matter model in which there are two dark-matter species\nnearly degenerate in mass, with epsilon = Delta M/M << 1. The heavier particle\nundergoes two-body decay with a half-life tau, to the lighter dark-matter\nparticle and a noninteracting massless particle. Unlike previous work on\ndecaying dark matter, we explore the regime tau > 100 Myr and non-relativistic\nkick speeds vk / c = epsilon. Using a set of N-body simulations of isolated\ndark-matter halos, we show how halos change as a function of tau and vk. We\nfind that tau < 40 Gyr is ruled out for vk > 20 km s^{-1} (epsilon > 10^{-4})\nwhen we compare the simulations to observations of dwarf-galaxy- to\ncluster-mass dark matter halos. We highlight which set of observations should\nprovide better future constraints for decays and other types of dark-matter\nphysics.\n" }, { "id": "095fd5dd-c012-4e7f-b5b5-902254e1c6a2", "adv_source_id": "095fd5dd-c012-4e7f-b5b5-902254e1c6a2", "source_id": "095fd5dd-c012-4e7f-b5b5-902254e1c6a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Charmonium excited state spectrum in lattice QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " Working with a large basis of covariant derivative-based meson interpolating\nfields we demonstrate the feasibility of reliably extracting multiple excited\nstates using a variational method. The study is performed on quenched\nanisotropic lattices with clover quarks at the charm mass. We demonstrate how a\nknowledge of the continuum limit of a lattice interpolating field can give\nadditional spin-assignment information, even at a single lattice spacing, via\nthe overlap factors of interpolating field and state. Excited state masses are\nsystematically high with respect to quark potential model predictions and,\nwhere they exist, experimental states. We conclude that this is most likely a\nresult of the quenched approximation.\n" }, { "id": "2569e116-f453-42fc-86c6-a9f6e765417b", "adv_source_id": "2569e116-f453-42fc-86c6-a9f6e765417b", "source_id": "2569e116-f453-42fc-86c6-a9f6e765417b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics of Cold Atoms Crossing a One-Way Barrier", "prompt": null, "generation": " We implemented an optical one-way potential barrier that allows ultracold\n$^{87}$Rb atoms to transmit through when incident on one side of the barrier\nbut reflect from the other. This asymmetric barrier is a realization of\nMaxwell's demon, which can be employed to produce phase-space compression and\nhas implications for cooling atoms and molecules not amenable to standard\nlaser-cooling techniques. The barrier comprises two focused, Gaussian laser\nbeams that intersect the focus of a far-off-resonant, single-beam optical\ndipole trap that holds the atoms. The main barrier beam presents a\nstate-dependent potential to incident atoms, while the repumping barrier beam\noptically pumps atoms to a trapped state. We investigated the robustness of the\nbarrier asymmetry to changes in the barrier beam separation, the initial atomic\npotential energy, the intensity of the second beam, and the detuning of the\nfirst beam. We performed simulations of the atomic dynamics in the presence of\nthe barrier, showing that the initial three dimensional momentum distribution\nplays a significant role, and that light-assisted collisions are likely the\ndominant loss mechanism. We also carefully examined the relationship to\nMaxwell's demon and explicitly accounted for the apparent decrease in entropy\nfor our particular system.\n" }, { "id": "19b72241-4e30-41aa-b80f-91bc7f62386a", "adv_source_id": "19b72241-4e30-41aa-b80f-91bc7f62386a", "source_id": "19b72241-4e30-41aa-b80f-91bc7f62386a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic correlations in vanadium chalcogenides: BaVSe3 versus BaVS3", "prompt": null, "generation": " Albeit structurally and electronically very similar, at low temperature the\nquasi-one-dimensional vanadium sulfide BaVS3 shows a metal-to-insulator\ntransition via the appearance of a charge-density-wave state, while BaVSe3\napparently remains metallic down to zero temperature. This different behavior\nupon cooling is studied by means of density functional theory and its\ncombination with the dynamical mean-field theory and the rotationally-invariant\nslave-boson method. We reveal several subtle differences between these\nchalcogenides that provide indications for the deviant behavior of BaVSe3 at\nlow temperature. In this regard, a smaller Hubbard U in line with an increased\nrelevance of the Hund's exchange J plays a vital role.\n" }, { "id": "165742cb-f295-4ff6-9355-f07ccfd9d796", "adv_source_id": "165742cb-f295-4ff6-9355-f07ccfd9d796", "source_id": "165742cb-f295-4ff6-9355-f07ccfd9d796", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Jets in high-mass microquasars", "prompt": null, "generation": " The morphologies of detected jets in X-ray binaries are almost as diverse as\ntheir number. This is due to different jet properties and ambient media that\nthese jets encounter. It is important to understand the physics of these\nobjects and to obtain information about possible sites suitable for particle\nacceleration in order to explain the observations at very high energies. Here I\npresent the results obtained from the first relativistic hydrodynamical\nsimulations of jets in high-mass microquasars. Our results allow us to make\nestimates for the emission originated in different sites of the whole structure\ngenerated by the jets. These works represent a first step in trying to obtain a\ndeeper understanding of the physics and emission processes related with jets in\nhigh-mass microquasars.\n" }, { "id": "43503827-d8bc-47af-bc3a-3e1823cffb4b", "adv_source_id": "43503827-d8bc-47af-bc3a-3e1823cffb4b", "source_id": "43503827-d8bc-47af-bc3a-3e1823cffb4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time-resolved study of the magnetic field effects on electroluminescence\n in tri-(8-hydroxyquinoline)- aluminum based organic light emitting devices", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigated the magnetic field effects (MFEs) in organic light-emitting\ndiodes (OLEDs) through the transient electroluminescence (EL) method. The\ntime-resolved MFEs on the emission were obtained for the first time, which\nwould be a useful method to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the MFEs. The\nfluorescent dye doped tri-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum (Alq3) based OLEDs were\nfabricated. Then, the transient EL was measured both with and without a\nmagnetic field. To explore the time-resolved MFEs on the emission of the\ndevice, the excitons population dynamics in the device have been analyzed by a\nkinetic model. Our results suggest that both the intersystem crossing between\nthe singlet and triplet electron-hole pairs and the triplet-triplet\nannihilation perturbed by the external magnetic field cause the time-resolved\nMFEs.\n" }, { "id": "f32ff68c-3632-4195-95e8-e67d38d9c481", "adv_source_id": "f32ff68c-3632-4195-95e8-e67d38d9c481", "source_id": "f32ff68c-3632-4195-95e8-e67d38d9c481", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Coincidence Problem: How to Flow from N=2 SQCD to N=1 SQCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss, and propose a solution for, a still unresolved problem regarding\nthe breaking from $\\N=2$ super-QCD to $\\N=1$ super-QCD. A mass term $W=\\mu \\Tr\n\\Phi^2 / 2$ for the adjoint field, which classically does the required breaking\nperfectly, quantum mechanically leads to a relevant operator that, in the\ninfrared, makes the theory flow away from pure $\\N=1$ SQCD. To avoid this\nproblem, we first need to extend the theory from $\\SU (n_c)$ to $\\U (n_c)$. We\nthen look for the quantum generalization of the condition $W^{\\prime}(m)=0$,\nthat is, the coincidence between a root of the derivative of the superpotential\n$W(\\phi)$ and the mass $m$ of the quarks. There are $2n_c -n_f$ of such points\nin the moduli space. We suggest that with an opportune choice of\nsuperpotential, that selects one of these coincidence vacua in the moduli\nspace, it is possible to flow from $\\N=2$ SQCD to $\\N=1$ SQCD. Various\narguments support this claim. In particular, we shall determine the exact\nlocation in the moduli space of these coincidence vacua and the precise\nfactorization of the SW curve.\n" }, { "id": "11225170-61ec-4c0b-b60e-1e1faf5d8153", "adv_source_id": "11225170-61ec-4c0b-b60e-1e1faf5d8153", "source_id": "11225170-61ec-4c0b-b60e-1e1faf5d8153", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "E6 grand unified theory with three generations from heterotic string", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct two more supersymmetric E6 grand unified models with three\ngenerations within the framework of Z12 asymmetric orbifold compactification of\nthe heterotic string theory. Such an asymmetric orbifold is missing in the\nclassification in the literature, which concludes that only one E6 model is\npossible. In both of the new models, an adjoint Higgs field is obtained in\nvirtue of the diagonal embedding method. This method mods out the three E6\nfactors of an even self-dual momentum-lattice by a permutation symmetry. In\norder to realize the E6^3 even self-dual lattice, we utilize the lattice\nengineering technique. Among the eight possible orbifold actions in our setup,\ntwo lead to new E6 models. Though these models still share the unsatisfactory\nissues with the known one, our discovery raises hopes that excellent models\nthat solve all the problems in the supersymmetric grand unified models will be\nfound in this framework.\n" }, { "id": "8128bf60-5c75-41be-912c-6999ed12efda", "adv_source_id": "8128bf60-5c75-41be-912c-6999ed12efda", "source_id": "8128bf60-5c75-41be-912c-6999ed12efda", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the renormalization of the bosonized multi-flavor Schwinger model", "prompt": null, "generation": " The phase structure of the bosonized multi-flavor Schwinger model is\ninvestigated by means of the differential renormalization group (RG) method. In\nthe limit of small fermion mass the linearized RG flow is sufficient to\ndetermine the low-energy behavior of the N-flavor model, if it has been rotated\nby a suitable rotation in the internal space. For large fermion mass, the exact\nRG flow has been solved numerically. The low-energy behavior of the\nmulti-flavor model is rather different depending on whether N=1 or N>1, where N\nis the number of flavors. For N>1 the reflection symmetry always suffers\nbreakdown in both the weak and strong coupling regimes, in contrary to the N=1\ncase, where it remains unbroken in the strong coupling phase.\n" }, { "id": "9b93519b-eca0-4b95-a635-115343fe4826", "adv_source_id": "9b93519b-eca0-4b95-a635-115343fe4826", "source_id": "9b93519b-eca0-4b95-a635-115343fe4826", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "P ORTOLAN: a Model-Driven Cartography Framework", "prompt": null, "generation": " Processing large amounts of data to extract useful information is an\nessential task within companies. To help in this task, visualization techniques\nhave been commonly used due to their capacity to present data in synthesized\nviews, easier to understand and manage. However, achieving the right\nvisualization display for a data set is a complex cartography process that\ninvolves several transformation steps to adapt the (domain) data to the\n(visualization) data format expected by visualization tools. To maximize the\nbenefits of visualization we propose Portolan, a generic model-driven\ncartography framework that facilitates the discovery of the data to visualize,\nthe specification of view definitions for that data and the transformations to\nbridge the gap with the visualization tools. Our approach has been implemented\non top of the Eclipse EMF modeling framework and validated on three different\nuse cases.\n" }, { "id": "820528d8-f354-49e5-85b4-ae839c13c329", "adv_source_id": "820528d8-f354-49e5-85b4-ae839c13c329", "source_id": "820528d8-f354-49e5-85b4-ae839c13c329", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stationary Solutions of SPDEs and Infinite Horizon BDSDEs with\n Non-Lipschitz Coefficients", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove a general theorem that the\n$L_{\\rho}^2({\\mathbb{R}^{d}};{\\mathbb{R}^{1}})\\otimes\nL_{\\rho}^2({\\mathbb{R}^{d}};{\\mathbb{R}^{d}})$ valued solution of an infinite\nhorizon backward doubly stochastic differential equation, if exists, gives the\nstationary solution of the corresponding stochastic partial differential\nequation. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the\n$L_{\\rho}^2({\\mathbb{R}^{d}};{\\mathbb{R}^{1}})\\otimes\nL_{\\rho}^2({\\mathbb{R}^{d}};{\\mathbb{R}^{d}})$ valued solutions for backward\ndoubly stochastic differential equations on finite and infinite horizon with\nlinear growth without assuming Lipschitz conditions, but under the monotonicity\ncondition. Therefore the solution of finite horizon problem gives the solution\nof the initial value problem of the corresponding stochastic partial\ndifferential equations, and the solution of the infinite horizon problem gives\nthe stationary solution of the SPDEs according to our general result.\n" }, { "id": "aefc0fa9-5121-46b0-9613-2b4b76f132d9", "adv_source_id": "aefc0fa9-5121-46b0-9613-2b4b76f132d9", "source_id": "aefc0fa9-5121-46b0-9613-2b4b76f132d9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Digital Ecosystems: Self-Organisation of Evolving Agent Populations", "prompt": null, "generation": " A primary motivation for our research in Digital Ecosystems is the desire to\nexploit the self-organising properties of biological ecosystems. Ecosystems are\nthought to be robust, scalable architectures that can automatically solve\ncomplex, dynamic problems. Self-organisation is perhaps one of the most\ndesirable features in the systems that we engineer, and it is important for us\nto be able to measure self-organising behaviour. We investigate the\nself-organising aspects of Digital Ecosystems, created through the application\nof evolutionary computing to Multi-Agent Systems (MASs), aiming to determine a\nmacroscopic variable to characterise the self-organisation of the evolving\nagent populations within. We study a measure for the self-organisation called\nPhysical Complexity; based on statistical physics, automata theory, and\ninformation theory, providing a measure of information relative to the\nrandomness in an organism's genome, by calculating the entropy in a population.\nWe investigate an extension to include populations of variable length, and then\nbuilt upon this to construct an efficiency measure to investigate clustering\nwithin evolving agent populations. Overall an insight has been achieved into\nwhere and how self-organisation occurs in our Digital Ecosystem, and how it can\nbe quantified.\n" }, { "id": "e7f4389e-c5a2-4d5f-8001-b31a0a14642a", "adv_source_id": "e7f4389e-c5a2-4d5f-8001-b31a0a14642a", "source_id": "e7f4389e-c5a2-4d5f-8001-b31a0a14642a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Study of the Evaporative Deposition Process: Pipes and Truncated\n Transport Dynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider contact line deposition and pattern formation of a pinned\nevaporating thin drop. We identify and focus on the transport dynamics\ntruncated by the maximal concentration, proposed by Dupont, as the single\ndeposition mechanism. The truncated process, formalized as \"pipe models\",\nadmits a characteristic moving shock front solution that has a robust\nfunctional form and depends only on local conditions. By applying the models,\nwe solve the deposition process and describe the deposit density profile in\ndifferent asymptotic regimes. In particular, near the contact line the density\nprofile follows a scaling law that is proportional to the square root of the\nconcentration ratio, and the maximal deposit density/thickness occurs at about\n2/3 of the total drying time for uniform evaporation and 1/2 for\ndiffusion-controlled evaporation. Away from the contact line, we for the first\ntime identify the power-law decay of the deposit profile with respect to the\nradial distance. In comparison, our work is consistent with and extends\nprevious results. We also predict features of the depinning process and\nmultiple-ring patterns within Dupont model, and our predictions are consistent\nwith empirical evidence.\n" }, { "id": "ad2a9054-44eb-414d-827f-a1b0a205458c", "adv_source_id": "ad2a9054-44eb-414d-827f-a1b0a205458c", "source_id": "ad2a9054-44eb-414d-827f-a1b0a205458c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Intrinsic spin Hall effect in monolayers of group-VI dichalcogenides: A\n first-principles study", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we\ninvestigate the intrinsic spin Hall effect in monolayers of group-VI\ntransition-metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se). MX2 monolayers\nare direct band-gap semiconductors with two degenerate valleys located at the\ncorners of the hexagonal Brillouin zone. Because of the inversion symmetry\nbreaking and the strong spin-orbit coupling, charge carriers in opposite\nvalleys carry opposite Berry curvature and spin moment, giving rise to both a\nvalley- and a spin-Hall effect. The intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (ISHC) in\np-doped samples is found to be much larger than the ISHC in n-doped samples due\nto the large spin-splitting at the valence band maximum. We also show that the\nISHC in inversion-symmetric bulk dichalcogenides is an order of magnitude\nsmaller compared to monolayers. Our result demonstrates monolayer\ndichalcogenides as an ideal platform for the integration of valleytronics and\nspintronics.\n" }, { "id": "5548d6b6-9477-4a81-9eaf-4ca78d55391c", "adv_source_id": "5548d6b6-9477-4a81-9eaf-4ca78d55391c", "source_id": "5548d6b6-9477-4a81-9eaf-4ca78d55391c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fusion-fission reactions with modified Woods-Saxon potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " A modified Woods-Saxon potential model is proposed for a unified description\nof the entrance channel fusion barrier and the fission barrier of\nfusion-fission reactions based on the Skyrme energy-density functional\napproach. The fusion excitation functions of 120 reactions have been\nsystematically studied. The fusion (capture) cross sections are well described\nwith the calculated potential and an empirical barrier distribution.\nIncorporating a statistical model (HIVAP code) for describing the decay of the\ncompound nucleus, the evaporation residue (and fission) cross sections of 51\nfusion-fission reactions have been systematically investigated. Optimal values\nof some key parameters of the HIVAP code are obtained based on the experimental\ndata of these reactions. The experimental data are reasonably well reproduced\nby the calculated results. The upper and lower confidence limits of the\nsystematic errors of the calculated results are given.\n" }, { "id": "080e57c2-8dfd-423c-9e4d-6de5ff6f541b", "adv_source_id": "080e57c2-8dfd-423c-9e4d-6de5ff6f541b", "source_id": "080e57c2-8dfd-423c-9e4d-6de5ff6f541b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kolmogorov-Loveland Sets and Advice Complexity Classes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Loveland complexity is a variant of Kolmogorov complexity, where it is asked\nto output separately the bits of the desired string, instead of the string\nitself. Similarly to the resource-bounded Kolmogorov sets we define Loveland\nsets. We highlight a structural connection between resource-bounded Loveland\nsets and some advice complexity classes. This structural connection enables us\nto map to advice complexity classes some properties of Kolmogorov sets first\nnoticed by Hartmanis and thoroughly investigated in Longpr\\'e's thesis: 1.\nNon-inclusion properties of Loveland sets result in hierarchy properties on the\ncorresponding advice complexity classes; 2. Immunity properties of Loveland\nsets result in the non-existence of natural proofs between the corresponding\nadvice complexity classes, in the sense of Razborov & Rudich.\n" }, { "id": "814d89d2-6a97-403d-ad52-b915d29dc716", "adv_source_id": "814d89d2-6a97-403d-ad52-b915d29dc716", "source_id": "814d89d2-6a97-403d-ad52-b915d29dc716", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fast-rate and optimistic-rate error bounds for L1-regularized regression", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the prediction error of linear regression with L1 regularization\nwhen the number of covariates p is large relative to the sample size n. When\nthe model is k-sparse and well-specified, and restricted isometry or similar\nconditions hold, the excess squared-error in prediction can be bounded on the\norder of sigma^2*(k*log(p)/n), where sigma^2 is the noise variance. Although\nthese conditions are close to necessary for accurate recovery of the true\ncoefficient vector, it is possible to guarantee good predictive accuracy under\nmuch milder conditions, avoiding the restricted isometry condition, but only\nensuring an excess error bound of order (k*log(p)/n)+sigma*\\surd(k*log(p)/n).\nHere we show that this is indeed the best bound possible (up to logarithmic\nfactors) without introducing stronger assumptions similar to restricted\nisometry.\n" }, { "id": "356ff4b1-feef-4d16-9f73-d061e85d635a", "adv_source_id": "356ff4b1-feef-4d16-9f73-d061e85d635a", "source_id": "356ff4b1-feef-4d16-9f73-d061e85d635a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Motion of grains in a vibrated U-tube", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate experimentally the behavior of the rate of growth of a column\nof grains, in a partially filled vertically shaken U-tube. For the set of\nfrequencies used we identify three qualitatively different behaviors for the\ngrowth rate $\\gamma$ as a function of the dimensionless acceleration $\\Gamma$:\n1) an interval of zero growth for low $\\Gamma$ with a smooth change to nonzero\ngrowth, analogous to a continuous phase transition; 2) a sigmoidal region for\n$\\gamma$ at intermediate values of the dimensionless acceleration $\\Gamma$; and\n3) an abrupt change from high values of $\\gamma$ to zero growth at high values\nof $\\Gamma$, similar to a first order phase transition. We obtain that our data\nis well described by a simple differential equation for the change of the\ngrowth rate with the dimensionless acceleration of the vertical vibrations.\n" }, { "id": "a537fc0f-5371-4d71-8228-fbc7b946dc29", "adv_source_id": "a537fc0f-5371-4d71-8228-fbc7b946dc29", "source_id": "a537fc0f-5371-4d71-8228-fbc7b946dc29", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extended 1D Method for Coherent Synchrotron Radiation including\n Shielding", "prompt": null, "generation": " Coherent Synchrotron Radiation can severely limit the performance of\naccelerators designed for high brightness and short bunch length. Examples\ninclude light sources based on ERLs or FELs, and bunch compressors for linear\ncolliders. In order to better simulate Coherent Synchrotron Radiation, the\nestablished 1-dimensional formalism is extended to work at lower energies, at\nshorter bunch lengths, and for an arbitrary configuration of multiple bends.\nWide vacuum chambers are simulated by means of vertical image charges. This\nformalism has been implemented in the general beam dynamics code \"Bmad\" and its\nresults are here compared to analytical approximations, to numerical solutions\nof the Maxwell equations, and to the simulation code \"elegant\".\n" }, { "id": "f3d758c3-a395-48d3-b5e4-0b4f103725ad", "adv_source_id": "f3d758c3-a395-48d3-b5e4-0b4f103725ad", "source_id": "f3d758c3-a395-48d3-b5e4-0b4f103725ad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reentrant enhancement of quantum fluctuations for symmetric\n environmental coupling", "prompt": null, "generation": " The `system-plus-reservoir' (SPR) model is the most common and effective\napproach to study quantum dissipative effects. Indeed, it makes quantization\npossible by considering the whole energy-conserving system, while the\nreservoir's degrees of freedom, assumed to be harmonic, can be `traced out' by\nthe path-integral technique, leading to a formulation that only includes the\nsystem of interest. In the standard SPR model the environment is only coupled\nwith the system's coordinate and turns out to quench its quantum fluctuations.\nHowever, there are physical systems coupled with an environment whose\n`coordinates' and `momenta' can be completely interchangeable (e.g., magnets),\nso an SPR coupling must symmetrically affect both canonical variables. In this\npaper such a general environmental coupling is studied in the case of a\nharmonic oscillator. It is found that quantum fluctuations are generally\nenhanced by environmental coupling, with an unexpected nonmonotonic behavior.\nThis leads one to speculate about the possibility that spin-lattice coupling\ncould drive the 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet to reach its quantum-critical\npoint.\n" }, { "id": "3e124796-66a2-4b01-9159-1ebe61c2b513", "adv_source_id": "3e124796-66a2-4b01-9159-1ebe61c2b513", "source_id": "3e124796-66a2-4b01-9159-1ebe61c2b513", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "From a set of parts to an indivisible whole. Part III: Holistic space of\n multi-object relations", "prompt": null, "generation": " The previously described methodology for hierarchical grouping of objects\nthrough iterative averaging has been used for simulation of cooperative\ninteractions between objects of a system with the purpose of investigation of\nthe conformational organization of the system. Interactions between objects\nwere analyzed within the space of an isotropic field of one of the objects\n(drifter). Such an isotropic field of an individual object can be viewed as a\nprototype of computer ego. It allows visualization of a holistic space of\nmulti-object relations (HSMOR) which has a complex structure depending on the\nnumber of objects, their mutual arrangement in space, and the type of metric\nused for assessment of (dis)similarities between the objects. In the course of\ncomputer simulation of cooperative interactions between the objects, only those\npoints of the space were registered which corresponded to transitions in\nhierarchical grouping. Such points appeared to aggregate into complex spatial\nstructures determining a unique internal organization of a respective HSMOR. We\ndescribe some of the peculiarities of such structures, referred to by us as\nattractor membranes, and discuss their properties. We also demonstrate the\npeculiarities of the changing of intergroup similarities which occurs when a\ndrifter infinitely moves away from the fixed objects.\n" }, { "id": "c21dadf6-3ed8-4e34-ad74-559e02568e29", "adv_source_id": "c21dadf6-3ed8-4e34-ad74-559e02568e29", "source_id": "c21dadf6-3ed8-4e34-ad74-559e02568e29", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Event shape engineering with ALICE", "prompt": null, "generation": " The strong fluctuations in the initial energy density of heavy-ion collisions\nallow an efficient selection of events corresponding to a specific initial\ngeometry. For such \"shape engineered events\", the elliptic flow coefficient,\n$v_2$, of unidentified charged particles, pions and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb\ncollisions at $\\snn = 2.76$ TeV is measured by the ALICE collaboration. $v_2$\nobtained with the event plane method at mid-rapidity, $|\\eta|<0.8$, is reported\nfor different collision centralities as a function of transverse momentum,\n$\\pt$, out to $\\pt=20$ GeV/$c$. The measured $v_2$ for the shape engineered\nevents is significantly larger or smaller than the average which demonstrates\nthe ability to experimentally select events with the desired shape of the\ninitial spatial asymmetry.\n" }, { "id": "66559f2f-6e2d-4ebe-998b-3ed80cf6947a", "adv_source_id": "66559f2f-6e2d-4ebe-998b-3ed80cf6947a", "source_id": "66559f2f-6e2d-4ebe-998b-3ed80cf6947a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measuring the intrinsic charge transfer gap using K-edge X-ray\n absorption spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Pre-edge features in X-ray absorption spectroscopy contain key information\nabout the lowest excited states and thus on the most interesting physical\nproperties of the system. In transition metal oxides they are particularly\nstructured but extracting physical parameters by comparison with a calculation\nis not easy due to several computational challenges. By combining core-hole\nattraction and correlation effects in first principles approach, we calculate\nNi K-edge X-ray absorption spectra in NiO. We obtain a striking, parameter-free\nagreement with experimental data and show that dipolar pre-edge features above\nthe correlation gap are due to non-local excitations largely unaffected by the\ncore-hole. We show that in charge transfer insulators, this property can be\nused to measure the correlation gap and probe the intrinsic position of the\nupper-Hubbard band.\n" }, { "id": "041454dc-2aeb-4b1e-a7cf-2ee66ebe8f87", "adv_source_id": "041454dc-2aeb-4b1e-a7cf-2ee66ebe8f87", "source_id": "041454dc-2aeb-4b1e-a7cf-2ee66ebe8f87", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generalized Kodama partition functions: A preview into normalizability\n for the generalized Kodama states", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we outline the computation of the partition function for the\ngeneralized Kodama states (GKod) of quantum gravity using the background field\nmethod. We show that the coupling constant for GKod is the same dimensionless\ncoupling constant that appears in the partition function of the pure Kodama\nstate (Chern--Simons functional) and argue that the GKod partition function is\nrenormalizable as a loop expansion in direct analogy to Chern--Simons\nperturbation theory. The GKod partition function contains an infinite set of\n1PI vertices uniquely fixed, as a result of the semiclassical-quantum\ncorrespondence, by the first-order vertex. This implies the existence of a\nwell-defined effective action for the partition function since the `phase' of\nthe GKod, provided a finite state exists, is equivalent to this effective\naction. Additionally, the separation of the matter from the gravitational\ncontributions bears a resemblance to the infinite dimensional analogue to\nKaluza--Klein theory. Future directions of research include extension of the\ncomputations of this paper to the norm of the GKod as well as to examine the\nanalogue of the Chern--Simons Jone's polynomials and link invariants using the\nGKod as a measure.\n" }, { "id": "a4e2db93-a8ae-4882-b43b-6787182688c1", "adv_source_id": "a4e2db93-a8ae-4882-b43b-6787182688c1", "source_id": "a4e2db93-a8ae-4882-b43b-6787182688c1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Matter-wave bistability in coupled atom-molecule quantum gases", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the matter-wave bistability in coupled atom-molecule quantum gases,\nin which heteronuclear molecules are created via an interspecies Feshbach\nresonance involving either two-species Bose or two-species Fermi atoms at zero\ntemperature. We show that the resonant two-channel Bose model is equivalent to\nthe nondegenerate parametric down-conversion in quantum optics, while the\ncorresponding Fermi model can be mapped to a quantum optics model that\ndescribes a single-mode laser field interacting with an ensemble of\ninhomogeneously broadened two-level atoms. Using these analogy and the fact\nthat both models are subject to the Kerr nonlinearity due to the two-body\ns-wave collisions, we show that under proper conditions, the population in the\nmolecular state in both models can be made to change with the Feshbach detuning\nin a bistable fashion.\n" }, { "id": "3724fa47-06f2-4b37-aaaf-f2828e3d921f", "adv_source_id": "3724fa47-06f2-4b37-aaaf-f2828e3d921f", "source_id": "3724fa47-06f2-4b37-aaaf-f2828e3d921f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Model Checking Probabilistic Real-Time Properties for Service-Oriented\n Systems with Service Level Agreements", "prompt": null, "generation": " The assurance of quality of service properties is an important aspect of\nservice-oriented software engineering. Notations for so-called service level\nagreements (SLAs), such as the Web Service Level Agreement (WSLA) language,\nprovide a formal syntax to specify such assurances in terms of (legally\nbinding) contracts between a service provider and a customer. On the other\nhand, formal methods for verification of probabilistic real-time behavior have\nreached a level of expressiveness and efficiency which allows to apply them in\nreal-world scenarios. In this paper, we suggest to employ the recently\nintroduced model of Interval Probabilistic Timed Automata (IPTA) for formal\nverification of QoS properties of service-oriented systems. Specifically, we\nshow that IPTA in contrast to Probabilistic Timed Automata (PTA) are able to\ncapture the guarantees specified in SLAs directly. A particular challenge in\nthe analysis of IPTA is the fact that their naive semantics usually yields an\ninfinite set of states and infinitely-branching transitions. However, using\nsymbolic representations, IPTA can be analyzed rather efficiently. We have\ndeveloped the first implementation of an IPTA model checker by extending the\nPRISM tool and show that model checking IPTA is only slightly more expensive\nthan model checking comparable PTA.\n" }, { "id": "543106d6-bf8f-4e63-b8f5-5a4259db1963", "adv_source_id": "543106d6-bf8f-4e63-b8f5-5a4259db1963", "source_id": "543106d6-bf8f-4e63-b8f5-5a4259db1963", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulations of the formation of a gaseous disc and young stars near Sgr\n A* via cloud-cloud collisions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Young massive stars in the central parsec of our Galaxy are best explained by\nstar formation within at least one, and possibly two, massive self-gravitating\ngaseous discs. With help of numerical simulations, we here consider whether the\nobserved population of young stars could have originated from a large angle\ncollision of two massive gaseous clouds at R ~ 1 pc from Sgr A*. In all the\nsimulations performed, the post-collision gas flow forms an inner nearly\ncircular gaseous disc and one or two eccentric outer filaments, consistent with\nthe observations. Furthermore, the radial stellar mass distribution is always\nvery steep, sigma proportional to R^-2, again consistent with the data. The 3D\nvelocity structure of the stellar distribution is however sensitive to initial\nconditions (e.g., the impact parameter of the clouds) and gas cooling details.\nIn all the cases the amount of gas accreted by our inner boundary condition is\nlarge, enough to allow Sgr A* to radiate near its Eddington limit during ~ 10^5\nyears. This suggests that a refined model would have physically larger clouds\n(or a cloud and a disc such as the CND) colliding at a distance of a few pc\nrather than 1 pc as in our simulations.\n" }, { "id": "7120d293-0f4d-4edb-bded-8eea1f59ec2b", "adv_source_id": "7120d293-0f4d-4edb-bded-8eea1f59ec2b", "source_id": "7120d293-0f4d-4edb-bded-8eea1f59ec2b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Heteronuclear collisions between laser-cooled metastable neon atoms", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate heteronuclear collisions in isotope mixtures of laser-cooled\nmetastable 3P2 neon. Experiments are performed with spin-polarized atoms in a\nmagnetic trap for all two-isotope combinations of the stable neon isotopes\n20Ne, 21Ne, and 22Ne. We determine the rate coefficients for heteronuclear\nionizing collisions to beta_{21,20}=(3.9+/-2.7) x 10^{-11} cm^3/s,\nbeta_{22,20}=(2.6+/-0.7) x 10^{-11} cm^3/s, and beta_{21,22}=(3.9+/-1.9) x\n10^{-11} cm^3/s. We also study heteronuclear elastic collision processes and\ngive upper bounds for heteronuclear thermal relaxation cross sections. This\nwork significantly extends the limited available experimental data on\nheteronuclear ionizing collisions for laser-cooled atoms involving one or more\nrare gas atoms in a metastable state.\n" }, { "id": "511b033e-1a42-46c4-b8d3-21b5b63e20ab", "adv_source_id": "511b033e-1a42-46c4-b8d3-21b5b63e20ab", "source_id": "511b033e-1a42-46c4-b8d3-21b5b63e20ab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fluctuation Superconductivity in Mesoscopic Aluminum Rings", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fluctuations are important near phase transitions, where they can be\ndifficult to describe quantitatively. Superconductivity in mesoscopic rings is\nparticularly intriguing because the critical temperature is an oscillatory\nfunction of magnetic field. There is an exact theory for thermal fluctuations\nin one-dimensional superconducting rings, which are therefore expected to be an\nexcellent model system. We measure the susceptibility of many rings, one ring\nat a time, using a scanning SQUID that can isolate magnetic signals from seven\norders of magnitude larger background applied flux. We find that the\nfluctuation theory describes the results and that a single parameter\ncharacterizes the ways in which the fluctuations are especially important at\nmagnetic fields where the critical temperature is suppressed.\n" }, { "id": "e5320a7b-9807-4071-8c0d-a47c725a9320", "adv_source_id": "e5320a7b-9807-4071-8c0d-a47c725a9320", "source_id": "e5320a7b-9807-4071-8c0d-a47c725a9320", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The host galaxy of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 0647+250 and its imaging\n redshift", "prompt": null, "generation": " Since no spectroscopic redshift is available for the remarkable BL Lac object\n1ES 0647+250, we aim to derive an estimate of its distance from the properties\nof its host galaxy.We obtained a deep, high-resolution near-infrared H-band\nimage of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 0647+250. We are able to detect the\nunderlying host galaxy in the near-infrared. The host galaxy has an H-band\nmagnitude of 16.9+-0.2 and an effective radius of 1.6+-0.3 arcsec. Using the\nimaging redshift method by Sbarufatti et al. (2005), we estimate a redshift z =\n0.41+-0.06. This redshift is consistent with the previously reported imaging\nredshift estimate from the optical i'-band, z = 0.45+-0.08 by Meisner & Romani\n(2010), and with previously reported lower limits for the redshift. It is also\nin agreement with constraints from its gamma-ray emission. Imaging searches in\nthe near-infrared, even with moderately sized telescopes, for the host galaxies\nof BL Lac objects at unknown redshift, are encouraged, as well as optical\nspectroscopy of 1ES 0647+250 with large telescopes to determine its\nspectroscopic redshift.\n" }, { "id": "69f68311-af6b-4f5a-abb3-6de5590d5b6c", "adv_source_id": "69f68311-af6b-4f5a-abb3-6de5590d5b6c", "source_id": "69f68311-af6b-4f5a-abb3-6de5590d5b6c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The characteristic polynomial of a random unitary matrix: a\n probabilistic approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach to the study of the\ncharacteristic polynomial of a random unitary matrix. We recover the Mellin\nFourier transform of such a random polynomial, first obtained by Keating and\nSnaith, using a simple recursion formula, and from there we are able to obtain\nthe joint law of its radial and angular parts in the complex plane. In\nparticular, we show that the real and imaginary parts of the logarithm of the\ncharacteristic polynomial of a random unitary matrix can be represented in law\nas the sum of independent random variables. From such representations, the\ncelebrated limit theorem obtained by Keating and Snaith is now obtained from\nthe classical central limit theorems of Probability Theory, as well as some new\nestimates for the rate of convergence and law of the iterated logarithm type\nresults.\n" }, { "id": "4c008dce-a4ba-4313-a22a-4d6853b8c5f3", "adv_source_id": "4c008dce-a4ba-4313-a22a-4d6853b8c5f3", "source_id": "4c008dce-a4ba-4313-a22a-4d6853b8c5f3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structure and evolution of the foreign exchange networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate topology and temporal evolution of the foreign currency\nexchange market viewed from a weighted network perspective. Based on exchange\nrates for a set of 46 currencies (including precious metals), we construct\ndifferent representations of the FX network depending on a choice of the base\ncurrency. Our results show that the network structure is not stable in time,\nbut there are main clusters of currencies, which persist for a long period of\ntime despite the fact that their size and content are variable. We find a\nlong-term trend in the network's evolution which affects the USD and EUR nodes.\nIn all the network representations, the USD node gradually loses its\ncentrality, while, on contrary, the EUR node has become slightly more central\nthan it used to be in its early years. Despite this directional trend, the\noverall evolution of the network is noisy.\n" }, { "id": "8e01417f-e917-4223-9bc8-7b39b94ff588", "adv_source_id": "8e01417f-e917-4223-9bc8-7b39b94ff588", "source_id": "8e01417f-e917-4223-9bc8-7b39b94ff588", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structure formation in active networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Structure formation and constant reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton are\nkey requirements for the function of living cells. Here we show that a minimal\nreconstituted system consisting of actin filaments, crosslinking molecules and\nmolecular-motor filaments exhibits a generic mechanism of structure formation,\ncharacterized by a broad distribution of cluster sizes. We demonstrate that the\ngrowth of the structures depends on the intricate balance between\ncrosslinker-induced stabilization and simultaneous destabilization by molecular\nmotors, a mechanism analogous to nucleation and growth in passive systems. We\nalso show that the intricate interplay between force generation, coarsening and\nconnectivity is responsible for the highly dynamic process of structure\nformation in this heterogeneous active gel, and that these competing mechanisms\nresult in anomalous transport, reminiscent of intracellular dynamics.\n" }, { "id": "1e54836c-24f2-496c-b22d-5a4fe4b3b1ff", "adv_source_id": "1e54836c-24f2-496c-b22d-5a4fe4b3b1ff", "source_id": "1e54836c-24f2-496c-b22d-5a4fe4b3b1ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rare muon and tau decays in A4 Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the most general dimension six effective Lagrangian, invariant\nunder the flavour symmetry A4 x Z3 x U(1) proposed to reproduce the near\ntri-bimaximal lepton mixing observed in neutrino oscillations. The effective\nLagrangian includes four-lepton operators that violate the individual lepton\nnumbers in the limit of exact flavor symmetry and allow unsuppressed processes\nsatisfying the rule |Delta L_e x Delta L_mu x Delta L_tau| = 2. The most\nstringent bounds on the strength of the new interactions come from the observed\nuniversality of leptonic muon and tau decays, from the agreement between the\nFermi constant measured in the muon decay and that extracted from the mW/mZ\nratio, and from the limits on the rare decays tau^- -> mu^+ e^- e^- and tau^-\n-> e^+ mu^- mu^-. We also investigate these effects in a specific\nsupersymmetric (SUSY) realization of the flavour symmetry and we find large\nsuppression factors for all the processes allowed by the selection rule. We\nexplain why this rule is violated in the SUSY context and we provide a complete\npicture of lepton flavour violation in the SUSY version of A4 x Z_3 x U(1).\n" }, { "id": "160c8228-a50d-48f8-9619-252d0c7eb7e1", "adv_source_id": "160c8228-a50d-48f8-9619-252d0c7eb7e1", "source_id": "160c8228-a50d-48f8-9619-252d0c7eb7e1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Existence of a non-averaging regime for the self-avoiding walk on a\n high-dimensional infinite percolation cluster", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let Z_N be the number of self-avoiding paths of length N starting from the\norigin on the infinite cluster obtained after performing Bernoulli percolation\non Z^d with parameter p>p_c(Z^d). The object of this paper is to study the\nconnective constant of the dilute lattice \\limsup_{N\\to \\infty} Z_N^{1/N},\nwhich is a non-random quantity. We want to investigate if the inequality\n\\limsup_{N\\to \\infty} (Z_N)^{1/N} \\le \\lim_{N\\to \\infty} E[Z_N]^{1/N} obtained\nwith the Borel-Cantelli Lemma is strict or not. In other words, we want to know\nthe the quenched and annealed versions of the connective constant are the same.\nOn a heuristic level, this indicates whether or not localization of the\ntrajectories occurs. We prove that when d is sufficiently large there exists\np^{(2)}_c>p_c such that the inequality is strict for p\\in (p_c,p^{(2)}_c).\n" }, { "id": "40fce907-5789-497e-8845-b1f2f1ecdbd7", "adv_source_id": "40fce907-5789-497e-8845-b1f2f1ecdbd7", "source_id": "40fce907-5789-497e-8845-b1f2f1ecdbd7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "MiBoard: Metacognitive Training Through Gaming in iSTART", "prompt": null, "generation": " MiBoard (Multiplayer Interactive Board Game) is an online, turn-based board\ngame, which is a supplement of the iSTART (Interactive Strategy Training for\nActive Reading and Thinking) application. MiBoard is developed to test the\nhypothesis that integrating game characteristics (point rewards, game-like\ninteraction, and peer feedback) into the iSTART trainer will significantly\nimprove its effectiveness on students' learning. It was shown by M. Rowe that a\nphysical board game did in fact enhance students' performance. MiBoard is a\ncomputer-based version of Rowe's board game that eliminates constraints on\nlocality while retaining the crucial practice components that were the game's\nobjective. MiBoard gives incentives for participation and provides a more\nenjoyable and social practice environment compared to the online individual\npractice component of the original trainer.\n" }, { "id": "148956ed-036e-4275-83a2-5a4ae53b2b62", "adv_source_id": "148956ed-036e-4275-83a2-5a4ae53b2b62", "source_id": "148956ed-036e-4275-83a2-5a4ae53b2b62", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Herschel Filament: a signature of the environmental drivers of\n galaxy evolution during the assembly of massive clusters at z=0.9", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have discovered a 2.5 Mpc (projected) long filament of infrared-bright\ngalaxies connecting two of the three ~5x10^14 Msun clusters making up the RCS\n2319+00 supercluster at z=0.9. The filament is revealed in a deep Herschel\nSpectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) map that shows 250-500um\nemission associated with a spectroscopically identified filament of galaxies\nspanning two X-ray bright cluster cores. We estimate that the total (8-1000um)\ninfrared luminosity of the filament is Lir~5x10^12 Lsun, which, if due to star\nformation alone, corresponds to a total SFR 900 Msun/yr. We are witnessing the\nscene of the build-up of a >10^15 Msun cluster of galaxies, seen prior to the\nmerging of three massive components, each of which already contains a\npopulation of red, passive galaxies that formed at z>2. The infrared filament\ndemonstrates that significant stellar mass assembly is taking place in the\nmoderate density, dynamically active circumcluster environments of the most\nmassive clusters at high-redshift, and this activity is concomitant with the\nhierarchical build-up of large scale structure.\n" }, { "id": "14533823-53bc-4300-8300-7dd06fbdf942", "adv_source_id": "14533823-53bc-4300-8300-7dd06fbdf942", "source_id": "14533823-53bc-4300-8300-7dd06fbdf942", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Formation of Planetesimals via Secular Gravitational\n Instabilities with Turbulent Stirring", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the gravitational instability (GI) of small solids in a gas disk as\na mechanism to form planetesimals. Dissipation from gas drag introduces secular\nGI, which proceeds even when standard GI criteria for a critical density or\nToomre's $Q$ predict stability. We include the stabilizing effects of turbulent\ndiffusion, which suppresses small scale GI. The radially wide rings that do\ncollapse contain up to $\\sim 0.1$ Earth masses of solids. Subsequent\nfragmentation of the ring (not modeled here) would produce a clan of chemically\nhomogenous planetesimals. Particle radial drift time scales (and, to a lesser\nextent, disk lifetimes and sizes) restrict the viability of secular GI to disks\nwith weak turbulent diffusion, characterized by $\\alpha \\lesssim 10^{-4}$. Thus\nmidplane dead zones are a preferred environment. Large solids with radii\n$\\gtrsim 10$ cm collapse most rapidly because they partially decouple from the\ngas disk. Smaller solids, even below $\\sim$ mm-sizes could collapse if\nparticle-driven turbulence is weakened by either localized pressure maxima or\nsuper-Solar metallicity. Comparison with simulations that include particle\nclumping by the streaming instability shows that our linear model underpredicts\nrapid, small scale gravitational collapse. Thus the inclusion of more detailed\ngas dynamics promotes the formation of planetesimals. We discuss relevant\nconstraints from Solar System and accretion disk observations.\n" }, { "id": "71bee6fd-3ad9-43b9-ab24-ae7387379c5d", "adv_source_id": "71bee6fd-3ad9-43b9-ab24-ae7387379c5d", "source_id": "71bee6fd-3ad9-43b9-ab24-ae7387379c5d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hazards Induced by Breach of Liquid Rocket Fuel Tanks: Conditions and\n Risks of Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture Explosions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the data of purposeful rupture experiments with LOx and LH2 tanks,\nthe Hydrogen-Oxygen Vertical Impact (HOVI) tests that were performed to clarify\nthe ignition mechanisms, the explosive power of cryogenic H2/Ox mixtures under\ndifferent conditions, and to elucidate the puzzling source of the initial\nformation of flames near the intertank section during the Challenger disaster.\nWe carry out a physics-based analysis of general explosions scenarios for\ncryogenic gaseous H2/Ox mixtures and determine their realizability conditions,\nusing the well-established simplified models from the detonation and\ndeflagration theory. We study the features of aerosol H2/Ox mixture combustion\nand show, in particular, that aerosols intensify the deflagration flames and\ncan induce detonation for any ignition mechanism. We propose a\ncavitation-induced mechanism of self-ignition of cryogenic H2/Ox mixtures that\nmay be realized when gaseous H2 and Ox flows are mixed with a liquid Ox\nturbulent stream, as occurred in all HOVI tests. We present an overview of the\nHOVI tests to make conclusion on the risk of strong explosions in possible\nliquid rocket incidents and provide a semi-quantitative interpretation of the\nHOVI data based on aerosol combustion. We uncover the most dangerous situations\nand discuss the foreseeable risks which can arise in space missions and lead to\ntragic outcomes. Our analysis relates to only unconfined mixtures that are\nlikely to arise as a result of liquid propellant space vehicle incidents.\n" }, { "id": "f161e86a-7c39-4f41-aea0-5fa21a806b2d", "adv_source_id": "f161e86a-7c39-4f41-aea0-5fa21a806b2d", "source_id": "f161e86a-7c39-4f41-aea0-5fa21a806b2d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A multifrequency view of starburst galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " During the past few years, first observations of starburst galaxies at >GeV\nenergies could be made with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (GeV range) and\nImaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (TeV range). The two nearest starbursts, M82\nand NGC253 were detected, and most recently, the detection of two\nstarburst-Seyfert composites (NGC1068 and NGC4945) were reported. The emission\nfor the two starbursts is best explained by hadronic interactions, and thus\nproviding a first, unique opportunity to study the role of cosmic rays in\ngalaxies. In this paper, the role of cosmic rays for the non-thermal component\nof galaxies is reviewed by discussing the entire non-thermal frequency range\nfrom radio emission to TeV energies. In particular, the interpretation of radio\nemission arising from electron synchrotron radiation is predicted to be\ncorrelated to TeV emission coming from interactions of accelerated hadrons.\nThis is observed for the few objects known at TeV energies, but the correlation\nneeds to be established with significantly higher statistics. An outlook of the\npossibility of tracing cosmic rays with molecular ions is given.\n" }, { "id": "1e5d9d4a-b99c-4a0b-a5b2-2815196ad56a", "adv_source_id": "1e5d9d4a-b99c-4a0b-a5b2-2815196ad56a", "source_id": "1e5d9d4a-b99c-4a0b-a5b2-2815196ad56a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Various equations for gap probabilities of coupled Gaussian matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " Versions of Tracy-Widom (TW) and Adler-Shiota-van Moerbeke (ASvM) approaches\nare applied to derive various partial differential equations (PDE) satisfied by\njoint eigenvalue spacing probabilities of two coupled Gaussian Hermitian\nmatrices (coupled GUE). All the lowest (third) order PDE satisfied by the\nprobabilities for the largest eigenvalues of two coupled GUE are found, and the\nresults of both approaches are compared. The TW approach allows to derive all\nPDE at once, while in the ASvM one starting with different bilinear identities\nleads to different subsets of the full set of equations. An interesting result\nis that the joint probability for the largest eigenvalues of coupled Gaussian\nmatrices satisfies a number of different PDE, and the previously known\nAdler-van Moerbeke equation (AvM) [3] is only one of them. Some of the new\nequations look like \"coupled Painlev\\'e IV\" and have usual Painlev\\'e IV\nequation as one-matrix limit, i.e. when the spectral endpoint of one of the\nmatrices goes to infinity. This is in contrast to the AvM equation, which\nbecomes trivial in this limit. Moreover, the new PDE, which stem from the\nmatrix kernel approach of [23], do not contain derivatives w.r.t. the strength\nof coupling, unlike the AvM equation. In other words, they contain fewer\nindependent variables and in this sense are simpler.\n" }, { "id": "80400362-9f52-469e-8eba-eb42519e54a0", "adv_source_id": "80400362-9f52-469e-8eba-eb42519e54a0", "source_id": "80400362-9f52-469e-8eba-eb42519e54a0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ratio of bulk to shear viscosity in a quasigluon plasma: from weak to\n strong coupling", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ratio of bulk to shear viscosity is expected to exhibit a different\nbehaviour in weakly and in strongly coupled systems. This can be expressed by\nits dependence on the squared sound velocity. In the high temperature QCD\nplasma at small running coupling, the viscosity ratio is uniquely determined by\na quadratic dependence on the conformality measure, whereas in certain strongly\ncoupled and nearly conformal theories this dependence is linear. Employing an\neffective kinetic theory of quasiparticle excitations with medium-modified\ndispersion relation, we analyze the ratio of bulk to shear viscosity of the\ngluon plasma. We show that in this approach, depending on the temperature, the\nviscosity ratio exhibits either of these dependencies found by means of weak\ncoupling perturbative or strong coupling holographic techniques. The turning\npoint between the two different dependencies is located around the maximum in\nthe scaled interaction measure.\n" }, { "id": "d87ff541-1b75-4f09-8157-7575503500b3", "adv_source_id": "d87ff541-1b75-4f09-8157-7575503500b3", "source_id": "d87ff541-1b75-4f09-8157-7575503500b3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase coherence in quasicondensate experiments: an ab initio analysis\n via the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We perform an ab initio analysis of the temperature dependence of the phase\ncoherence length of finite temperature, quasi-one-dimensional Bose gases\nmeasured in the experiments of Richard et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 010405\n(2003)) and Hugbart et al. (Eur. Phys. J. D 35, 155-163 (2005)), finding very\ngood agreement across the entire observed temperature range\n($0.8 1.0 and [4.5]-[24] >\n1.5. These criteria - high alpha and red [4.5]-[24] and [3.6]-[4.5] colours -\nare powerful discriminants when searching for molecular outflow sources.\nHowever, we find no correlation between alpha and flow length or opening angle,\nand the outflows appear randomly orientated in each region. The more massive\nclouds are associated with a greater number of outflows, which suggests that\nthe star formation efficiency is roughly the same in each region.\n" }, { "id": "06fd3515-cb65-47f0-aab3-58d3c18991e5", "adv_source_id": "06fd3515-cb65-47f0-aab3-58d3c18991e5", "source_id": "06fd3515-cb65-47f0-aab3-58d3c18991e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Invariant solutions of the supersymmetric sine-Gordon equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " A comprehensive symmetry analysis of the N=1 supersymmetric sine-Gordon\nequation is performed. Two different forms of the supersymmetric system are\nconsidered. We begin by studying a system of partial differential equations\ncorresponding to the coefficients of the various powers of the anticommuting\nindependent variables. Next, we consider the super-sine-Gordon equation\nexpressed in terms of a bosonic superfield involving anticommuting independent\nvariables.\n In each case, a Lie (super)algebra of symmetries is determined and a\nclassification of all subgroups having generic orbits of codimension 1 in the\nspace of independent variables is performed. The method of symmetry reduction\nis systematically applied in order to derive invariant solutions of the\nsupersymmetric model. Several types of algebraic, hyperbolic and doubly\nperiodic solutions are obtained in explicit form.\n" }, { "id": "a034999d-1e14-4d00-b63f-9cabee3e2a00", "adv_source_id": "a034999d-1e14-4d00-b63f-9cabee3e2a00", "source_id": "a034999d-1e14-4d00-b63f-9cabee3e2a00", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Decay constants of heavy mesons from QCD sum rules", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a sum-rule extraction of the decay constants of the D, Ds, B, and\nBs mesons from the two-point correlator of heavy-light pseudoscalar currents\n[1]. Our main emphasis is laid on the control over the uncertainties in the\ndecay constants, related both to the input QCD parameters and to the limited\naccuracy of the method of sum rules. Gaining this control has become possible\ndue to the application of our novel procedure for extracting hadron observables\nbased on a dual threshold depending on the Borel parameter. For charmed mesons,\nwe obtain f_D=206.2\\pm 7.3 (OPE)\\pm 5.1 (syst) MeV and f_Ds=245.3\\pm 15.7 (OPE)\n\\pm 4.5 (syst) MeV. For beauty mesons, the decay constants turn out to be\nextremely sensitive to the precise value of the MSbar mass of the b-quark,\nmb(mb). By requiring our sum-rule estimate to match the average of lattice\ndeterminations of f_B, a very accurate value is extracted, mb(mb)=4.245\\pm\n0.025 GeV, yielding f_B = 193.4 \\pm 12.3 (OPE) \\pm 4.3 (syst) MeV and f_Bs =\n232.5 \\pm 18.6 (OPE) \\pm 2.4 (syst) MeV.\n" }, { "id": "c8bd5303-ab92-4a65-861d-2d34b07693e6", "adv_source_id": "c8bd5303-ab92-4a65-861d-2d34b07693e6", "source_id": "c8bd5303-ab92-4a65-861d-2d34b07693e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theoretical description of the nucleation of vapor bubbles in a\n superheated fluid", "prompt": null, "generation": " The nucleation of vapor bubbles within a superheated fluid is studied using\ndensity functional theory. The nudged elastic band technique is used to find\nthe minimum energy pathway from the metastable uniform liquid to the stable\nuniform gas thus emphasizing the analogy between the the nucleation problem and\nthat of chemical reactions. The result is both an accurate determination of the\ncritical nucleus and an unbiased description of the density profile at various\npoints along the path between the free energy extrema. This calculation is\ncompared to two other methods: the use of parametrized profiles and constrained\nminimization of the free energy. The results indicate that the recent claim,\nbased on the constraint method, that bubble nucleation and growth involves an\nactivated instability is incorrect.\n" }, { "id": "fc344b9f-644b-4969-8a8d-b8024b60d0bc", "adv_source_id": "fc344b9f-644b-4969-8a8d-b8024b60d0bc", "source_id": "fc344b9f-644b-4969-8a8d-b8024b60d0bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the smoothness of multi-M2 brane horizons", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate the degree of horizon smoothness of multi- $M2$-brane solution\nwith branes along a common axis. We find that the metric is generically only\nthrice continuously differentiable at any of the horizons. The four-form field\nstrength is found to be only twice continuously differentiable. We work with\nGaussian null-like co-ordinates which are obtained by solving geodesic\nequations for multi-$M2$ brane geometry. We also find different, exact\nco-ordinate transformations which take the metric from isotropic co-ordinates\nto co-ordinates in which metric is thrice differentiable at the horizon. Both\nmethods give the same result that the multi-$M2$ brane metric is only thrice\ncontinuously differentiable at the horizon.\n" }, { "id": "17ae8bfc-a6aa-4f24-8728-39e83e2de7b0", "adv_source_id": "17ae8bfc-a6aa-4f24-8728-39e83e2de7b0", "source_id": "17ae8bfc-a6aa-4f24-8728-39e83e2de7b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the decoupling of relaxation modes in a molecular liquid caused by\n isothermal introduction of 2nm structural inhomogeneities", "prompt": null, "generation": " To support a new interpretation of the origin of the dynamic heterogeneity\nobserved pervasively in fragile liquids as they approach their glass transition\ntemperatures Tg, we demonstrate that the introduction of ~2 nm structural\ninhomogeneities into a homogeneous glassformer leads to a decoupling of\ndiffusion from viscosity similar to that observed during the cooling of\northoterphenyl OTP below TA, where Arrhenius behavior is lost. Further, the\ndecoupling effect grows stronger as temperature decreases (and viscosity\nincreases). The liquid is cresol and the ~2nm inhomogeneities are\ncresol-soluble asymmetric derivatized tetrasiloxy-based (POSS) molecules. The\ndecoupling is the phenomenon predicted by Onsager in discussing the approach to\na liquid-liquid phase separation with decreasing temperature. In the present\ncase the observations support the notion of a polyamorphic transition in\nfragile liquids that is hidden below the glass transition. A similar decoupling\ncan be expected as a globular protein is dissolved in dilute aqueous solutions\nor in protic ionic liquids.\n" }, { "id": "8491e8a3-fe55-47cf-8128-7bdee5aafd26", "adv_source_id": "8491e8a3-fe55-47cf-8128-7bdee5aafd26", "source_id": "8491e8a3-fe55-47cf-8128-7bdee5aafd26", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Vector magnetic fields of Solar Granulation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Observations of quiet Sun from the Solar Optical\nTelescope/Spectro-Polarimeter (SOT/SP) aboard the Hinode spacecraft would\nreveal the magnetic characters of the solar photosphere. By making use of the\ndeep mode observations of three quiet regions, we have statistically studied\nthe vector magnetic fields of solar granulation. More than 2000 normal granules\nare manually selected to form a sample. It is recognized that some granules are\neven darker than the mean photosphere in intensity, and there is a linear\ncorrelation between intensity and Doppler velocity in granules.\n The distributions of longitudinal and transverse apparent magnetic flux\ndensities, Doppler velocity and continuum intensity of granules are obtained,\nand their unsigned magnetic flux measured. Two approaches are carried out in\nthis study. First we obtained the magnetic properties of granulation by\naveraging the measurements for all the sampling granules. Secondly, we\nreconstructed an average granular cell based on a sub-sample, and obtained the\ndetailed distribution of apparent magnetic flux density within the model\ngranular cell. All the results have been compared with that of inter-granular\nlanes and a few typical abnormal granules.\n" }, { "id": "8c8c31ff-f12c-4e96-a383-24bff27b21ee", "adv_source_id": "8c8c31ff-f12c-4e96-a383-24bff27b21ee", "source_id": "8c8c31ff-f12c-4e96-a383-24bff27b21ee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Direct Estimate of the Static Length-Scale Accompanying the Glass\n Transition", "prompt": null, "generation": " Characterizing the glass state remains elusive since its distinction from a\nliquid state is not obvious. Glasses are liquids whose viscosity has increased\nso much that they cannot flow. Accordingly there have been many attempts to\ndefine a static length-scale associated with the dramatic slowing down of\nsupercooled liquid with decreasing temperature. Here we present a simple method\nto extract the desired length-scale which is highly accessible both for\nexperiments and for numerical simulations. The fundamental idea is that low\nlying vibrational frequencies come in two types, those related to elastic\nresponse and those determined by plastic instabilities. The minimal observed\nfrequency is determined by one or the other, crossing at a typical length-scale\nwhich is growing with the approach of the glass transition. This length-scale\ncharacterizes the correlated disorder in the system, where on longer\nlength-scales the details of the disorder become irrelevant, dominated by the\nDebye model of elastic modes.\n" }, { "id": "ccc6d9a3-672c-49c3-a694-183ec85de982", "adv_source_id": "ccc6d9a3-672c-49c3-a694-183ec85de982", "source_id": "ccc6d9a3-672c-49c3-a694-183ec85de982", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time-Reversal Symmetry and Universal Conductance Fluctuations in a\n Driven Two-Level System", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the presence of time-reversal symmetry, quantum interference gives strong\ncorrections to the electric conductivity of disordered systems. The\nself-interference of an electron wavefunction traveling time-reversed paths\nleads to effects such as weak localization and universal conductance\nfluctuations. Here, we investigate the effects of broken time-reversal symmetry\nin a driven artificial two-level system. Using a superconducting flux qubit, we\nimplement scattering events as multiple Landau-Zener transitions by driving the\nqubit periodically back and forth through an avoided crossing. Interference\nbetween different qubit trajectories give rise to a speckle pattern in the\nqubit transition rate, similar to the interference patterns created when\ncoherent light is scattered off a disordered potential. Since the scattering\nevents are imposed by the driving protocol, we can control the time-reversal\nsymmetry of the system by making the drive waveform symmetric or asymmetric in\ntime. We find that the fluctuations of the transition rate exhibit a sharp peak\nwhen the drive is time-symmetric, similar to universal conductance fluctuations\nin electronic transport through mesoscopic systems.\n" }, { "id": "2a5bbac3-5c99-444d-b33a-3fb88c0c7fdd", "adv_source_id": "2a5bbac3-5c99-444d-b33a-3fb88c0c7fdd", "source_id": "2a5bbac3-5c99-444d-b33a-3fb88c0c7fdd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Internet's unexploited path diversity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The connectivity of the Internet at the Autonomous System level is influenced\nby the network operator policies implemented. These in turn impose a direction\nto the announcement of address advertisements and, consequently, to the paths\nthat can be used to reach back such destinations. We propose to use directed\ngraphs to properly represent how destinations propagate through the Internet\nand the number of arc-disjoint paths to quantify this network's path diversity.\nMoreover, in order to understand the effects that policies have on the\nconnectivity of the Internet, numerical analyses of the resulting directed\ngraphs were conducted. Results demonstrate that, even after policies have been\napplied, there is still path diversity which the Border Gateway Protocol cannot\ncurrently exploit.\n" }, { "id": "e427903e-aaa3-40c3-a0a5-b51f2a5a2e42", "adv_source_id": "e427903e-aaa3-40c3-a0a5-b51f2a5a2e42", "source_id": "e427903e-aaa3-40c3-a0a5-b51f2a5a2e42", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Is it the first use of the word Astrobiology ?", "prompt": null, "generation": " The research of life in Universe is a ancient quest that has taken different\nforms over the centuries. It has given rise to a new science, which is normally\nreferred as Astrobiology. It is interesting to research when this word was used\nfor the first time and when this science developed to represent the search for\nlife in Universe as is done today. There are records of the usage of the word\n\"Astrobiology\" as early as 1935, in an article published in a French popular\nscience magazine. Moreover this article is quite remarkable because its\nportrayal of the concept of the subject is very similar to that considered\ntoday. The author of this paper was Ary J. Sternfeld (1905 - 1980), who was\northerwise known as a poorly respected great pioneer of astronautics. We\nprovide a brief description of his life, which was heavily influenced by the\ntragic events of the 20th century history, from Poland and France to Russia. He\nwas a prolific scientific writer who wrote a number of very successful\nscientific books and papers.\n" }, { "id": "fa2ef87b-00d8-4f85-a0dd-151abda5d85b", "adv_source_id": "fa2ef87b-00d8-4f85-a0dd-151abda5d85b", "source_id": "fa2ef87b-00d8-4f85-a0dd-151abda5d85b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Conjectures on representations involving primes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We pose 100 new conjectures on representations involving primes or related\nthings, which might interest number theorists and stimulate further research.\nBelow are five typical examples: (i) For any positive integer $n$, there exists\n$k\\in\\{0,\\ldots,n\\}$ such that $n+k$ and $n+k^2$ are both prime. (ii) Each\ninteger $n>1$ can be written as $x+y$ with $x,y\\in\\{1,2,3,\\ldots\\}$ such that\n$x+ny$ and $x^2+ny^2$ are both prime. (iii) For any rational number $r>0$,\nthere are distinct primes $q_1,\\ldots,q_k$ with $r=\\sum_{j=1}^k1/(q_j-1)$. (iv)\nEvery $n=4,5,\\ldots$ can be written as $p+q$, where $p$ is a prime with $p-1$\nand $p+1$ both practical, and $q$ is either prime or practical. (v) Any\npositive rational number can be written as $m/n$, where $m$ and $n$ are\npositive integers with $p_m+p_n$ a square (or $\\pi(m)\\pi(n)$ a positive\nsquare), $p_k$ is the $k$-th prime and $\\pi(x)$ is the prime-counting function.\n" }, { "id": "2a67b703-6610-41ed-a6bf-ba00d14b43dd", "adv_source_id": "2a67b703-6610-41ed-a6bf-ba00d14b43dd", "source_id": "2a67b703-6610-41ed-a6bf-ba00d14b43dd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On intersections of closed curves on surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " The problem on the minimal number (with respect to deformation) of\nintersection points of two closed curves on a surface is solved. Following the\nNielsen approach, we define classes of intersection points and essential\nclasses of intersection points, which \"are preserved under deformation\" and\nwhose total number is called the Nielsen number. If each Nielsen class consists\nof a unique point and has a non-vanishing index after a suitable deformation of\nthe pair of curves, one says that {\\it the Wecken property holds}. We compute\nthe minimal number of intersection points in terms of the Nielsen numbers and\nthe Reidemeister numbers. In particular, we prove that the Wecken property does\nnot hold for some pairs of closed curves. Moreover, all the non-vanishing\nindices of the Nielsen classes equal $\\pm1$, while the non-vanishing Jezierski\nsemi-indices equal 1. Similar questions are studied for the self-intersection\nproblem of a curve on a surface.\n" }, { "id": "187d48ec-5873-4824-a690-51720142fbf7", "adv_source_id": "187d48ec-5873-4824-a690-51720142fbf7", "source_id": "187d48ec-5873-4824-a690-51720142fbf7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the entropy production of time series with unidirectional linearity", "prompt": null, "generation": " There are non-Gaussian time series that admit a causal linear autoregressive\nmoving average (ARMA) model when regressing the future on the past, but not\nwhen regressing the past on the future. The reason is that, in the latter case,\nthe regression residuals are only uncorrelated but not statistically\nindependent of the future. In previous work, we have experimentally verified\nthat many empirical time series indeed show such a time inversion asymmetry.\nFor various physical systems, it is known that time-inversion asymmetries are\nlinked to the thermodynamic entropy production in non-equilibrium states. Here\nwe show that such a link also exists for the above unidirectional linearity.\n We study the dynamical evolution of a physical toy system with linear\ncoupling to an infinite environment and show that the linearity of the dynamics\nis inherited to the forward-time conditional probabilities, but not to the\nbackward-time conditionals. The reason for this asymmetry between past and\nfuture is that the environment permanently provides particles that are in a\nproduct state before they interact with the system, but show statistical\ndependencies afterwards. From a coarse-grained perspective, the interaction\nthus generates entropy. We quantitatively relate the strength of the\nnon-linearity of the backward conditionals to the minimal amount of entropy\ngeneration.\n" }, { "id": "0342293f-0b42-4092-a295-461af472cbc4", "adv_source_id": "0342293f-0b42-4092-a295-461af472cbc4", "source_id": "0342293f-0b42-4092-a295-461af472cbc4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two-dimensional dynamics of expansion of a degenerate Bose gas", "prompt": null, "generation": " Expansion of a degenerate Bose gas released from a pancakelike trap is\nnumerically simulated under the assumption of separation of the motion in the\nplane of the loose initial trapping and the motion in the direction of the\ninitial tight trapping. The initial conditions for the phase fluctuations are\ngenerated using the extension to the two-dimensional case of the description of\nthe phase noise by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process. The numerical\nsimulations, taking into account both the finite size of the two-dimensional\nsystem and the atomic interactions, which cannot be neglected on the early\nstage of expansion, did not reproduce the scaling law for the peaks in the\ndensity fluctuation spectra experimentally observed by Choi, Seo, Kwon, and\nShin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 125301 (2012)]. The latter experimental results may\nthus require an explanation beyond our current assumptions.\n" }, { "id": "4837b318-8c74-4b45-a2bf-73def166680b", "adv_source_id": "4837b318-8c74-4b45-a2bf-73def166680b", "source_id": "4837b318-8c74-4b45-a2bf-73def166680b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Jahn-Teller instability in dissipative quantum electromechanical\n systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the steady states of a harmonic oscillator coupled so strongly to\na two-level system (a qubit) that the rotating wave approximation cannot be\nmade. The Hamiltonian version of this model is known as the $E\\otimes\\beta$\nJahn-Teller model. The semiclassical version of this system exhibits a fixed\npoint bifurcation, which in the quantum model leads to a ground state with\nsubstantial entanglement between the oscillator and the qubit. We show that the\ndynamical bifurcation survives in a dissipative quantum description of the\nsystem, amidst an even richer bifurcation structure. We propose two\nexperimental implementations of this model based on superconducting cavities: a\nparametrically driven nonlinear nanomechanical resonator coupled capacitively\nto a coplanar microwave cavity and a superconducting junction in the central\nconductor of a coplanar waveguide.\n" }, { "id": "8d17a8bf-efcc-4805-a3f0-9d0e371ecd20", "adv_source_id": "8d17a8bf-efcc-4805-a3f0-9d0e371ecd20", "source_id": "8d17a8bf-efcc-4805-a3f0-9d0e371ecd20", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A model for signal transduction during quorum sensing in \\emph{Vibrio\n harveyi}", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a framework for analyzing luminescence regulation during quorum\nsensing in the bioluminescent bacterium \\emph{Vibrio harveyi}. Using a\nsimplified model for signal transduction in the quorum sensing pathway, we\nidentify key dimensionless parameters that control the system's response. These\nparameters are estimated using experimental data on luminescence phenotypes for\ndifferent mutant strains. The corresponding model predictions are consistent\nwith results from other experiments which did not serve as inputs for\ndetermining model parameters. Furthermore, the proposed framework leads to\nnovel testable predictions for luminescence phenotypes and for responses of the\nnetwork to different perturbations.\n" }, { "id": "7a9262db-1df4-487b-9c1d-b02e93d55902", "adv_source_id": "7a9262db-1df4-487b-9c1d-b02e93d55902", "source_id": "7a9262db-1df4-487b-9c1d-b02e93d55902", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian from Natural Topcolor-assisted Technicolor\n Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Based on previous studies computing coefficients of the electroweak chiral\nLagrangian from C.T.Hill's schematic topcolor-assisted technicolor model, we\ngeneralize the calculation to K.Lane's prototype natural topcolor-assisted\ntechnicolor model. We find that typical features of the model are qualitatively\nsimilar as those of Hill's model, but Lane's model prefers smaller technicolor\ngroup and Z' mass must be smaller than 400GeV, further S parameter is around\norder of +1 mainly due to existence of three doublets of techniquarks. We\nobtain the values for all coefficients of the electroweak chiral Lagrangian up\nto order of p^4. Apart from negative large four fermion coupling values, ETC\nimpacts on the electroweak chiral Lagrangian coefficients are small, since\ntechniquark self energy which determines these coefficients in general receives\nalmost no influence from ETC induced four fermion interactions except for its\nlarge momentum tail.\n" }, { "id": "17771c87-4ee2-4896-89a3-fccf229161c3", "adv_source_id": "17771c87-4ee2-4896-89a3-fccf229161c3", "source_id": "17771c87-4ee2-4896-89a3-fccf229161c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exact non-Hookean scaling of cylindrically bent elastic sheets and the\n large-amplitude pendulum", "prompt": null, "generation": " A sheet of elastic foil rolled into a cylinder and deformed between two\nparallel plates acts as a non-Hookean spring if deformed normally to the axis.\nFor large deformations the elastic force shows an interesting inverse squares\ndependence on the interplate distance [Siber and Buljan, arXiv:1007.4699\n(2010)]. The phenomenon has been used as a basis for an experimental problem at\nthe 41st International Physics Olympiad. We show that the corresponding\nvariational problem for the equilibrium energy of the deformed cylinder is\nequivalent to a minimum action description of a simple gravitational pendulum\nwith an amplitude of 90 degrees. We use this analogy to show that the power-law\nof the force is exact for distances less than a critical value. An analytical\nsolution for the elastic force is found and confirmed by measurements over a\nrange of deformations covering both linear and non-Hookean behavior.\n" }, { "id": "44ae1ca6-2a0e-4d5d-9331-dd71c8e73f71", "adv_source_id": "44ae1ca6-2a0e-4d5d-9331-dd71c8e73f71", "source_id": "44ae1ca6-2a0e-4d5d-9331-dd71c8e73f71", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Production of $\\gamma Z g$ and associated processes via gluon fusion at\n hadron colliders", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results for the process $gg \\to \\gamma Z g$ within the standard\nmodel at hadron colliders. Due to large gluon flux at the LHC and the proposed\nHE-LHC, this process can have significant cross section at these machines.\nSeveral thousand such events have already been produced at the LHC according to\nthe standard model predictions. This process can also be a background to new\nphysics signals. We discuss some of the important features of this process\nrelated to the structure of its amplitude. We also compute the total cross\nsection at the hadron colliders and give some important kinematic\ndistributions. A comparison of our results is made with the corresponding NLO\ncalculation using MCFM program. We briefly discuss the production of $\\gamma\n\\gamma g $ and $\\gamma \\gamma Z$ via gluon fusion. The amplitude of these\nprocesses are closely related to the $gg \\to\\gamma Z g$ amplitude.\n" }, { "id": "374ad665-a1f6-4591-82e1-2e8c17c09a3f", "adv_source_id": "374ad665-a1f6-4591-82e1-2e8c17c09a3f", "source_id": "374ad665-a1f6-4591-82e1-2e8c17c09a3f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Impact of the Relative Motion between the Dark Matter and Baryons on the\n First Stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently the initial supersonic relative velocity between the dark matter and\nbaryons was shown to have an important effect on galaxy formation at high\nredshift. We study the impact of this relative motion on the distribution of\nthe star-forming halos and on the formation redshift of the very first star. We\ninclude a new aspect of the relative velocity effect found in recent\nsimulations by fitting their results to obtain the spatially-varying minimum\nhalo mass needed for molecular cooling. Thus, the relative velocities have\nthree separate effects: suppression of the halo abundance, suppression of the\ngas content within each halo, and boosting of the minimum cooling mass. We show\nthat the two suppressions (of gas content and of halo abundance) are the\nprimary effects on the small minihalos that cannot form stars, while the\ncooling mass boost combines with the abundance suppression to produce order\nunity fluctuations in stellar density. We quantify the large-scale\ninhomogeneity of galaxies, finding that 68% of the star formation (averaged on\na 3 Mpc scale) is confined to 35% of the volume at z=20 (and just 18% at z=40).\nIn addition, we estimate the redshift of the first star to be z ~ 65, which\nincludes a delay of Dz ~ 5 due to the relative velocity.\n" }, { "id": "7c4a77b1-6d66-4c18-ba1d-5bdb5200fdcc", "adv_source_id": "7c4a77b1-6d66-4c18-ba1d-5bdb5200fdcc", "source_id": "7c4a77b1-6d66-4c18-ba1d-5bdb5200fdcc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On hybrid models of quantum finite automata", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the literature, there exist several quantum finite automata (QFA) models\nwith both quantum and classical states. These models are of particular\ninterest,as they show praiseworthy advantages over the fully quantum models in\nsome nontrivial aspects. This paper characterizes these models in a uniform\nframework by proposing a general hybrid model consisting of a quantum component\nand a classical one which can interact with each other. The existing hybrid QFA\ncan be naturally regarded as the general model with specific communication\npatterns (classical-quantum, quantum-classical, and two-way, respectively). We\nfurther clarify the relationship between these hybrid QFA and some other\nquantum models. In particular, it is shown that hybrid QFA can be simulated\nexactly by QFA with quantum operations, which in turn has a close relationship\nwith two early proposed models: {\\it ancialla QFA} and {\\it quantum sequential\nmachines}.\n" }, { "id": "c6d4c93f-3d5f-40d8-8b08-24ffad53bf8a", "adv_source_id": "c6d4c93f-3d5f-40d8-8b08-24ffad53bf8a", "source_id": "c6d4c93f-3d5f-40d8-8b08-24ffad53bf8a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The origin of the Meissner effect in new and old superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is generally believed that superconducting materials are divided into two\nclasses: `conventional' and `unconventional'. Conventional superconductors (the\nelements and thousands of compounds including $MgB_2$) are described by\nconventional London-BCS-Eliashberg electron-phonon theory. There is no general\nagreement as to what mechanism or mechanisms describe `unconventional'\nsuperconductors such as the heavy fermions, organics, cuprate and pnictide\nfamilies. However all superconductors, whether `conventional' or\n`unconventional', exhibit the Meissner effect. I argue that there is a single\nmechanism of superconductivity for all materials, that explains the Meissner\neffect and differs from the conventional mechanism in several fundamental\naspects: it says that superconductivity is driven by lowering of kinetic rather\nthan potential energy of the charge carriers, it requires conduction by holes\nrather than electrons in the normal state, and it predicts a non-homogeneous\nrigid charge distribution and an electric field in the interior of\nsuperconductors. Furthermore I argue that neither the conventional mechanism\nnor any of the other proposed unconventional mechanisms can explain the\nMeissner effect. Superconductivity in materials is discussed in the light of\nthese concepts, some experimental predictions, connections to Dirac's theory,\nand connections to the superfluidity of $^4He$.\n" }, { "id": "105e8422-c6c8-4827-a128-8d8899eb71d7", "adv_source_id": "105e8422-c6c8-4827-a128-8d8899eb71d7", "source_id": "105e8422-c6c8-4827-a128-8d8899eb71d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Is the Unitarity Triangle Right?", "prompt": null, "generation": " The latest fits to the CKM matrix indicate that alpha=(90.7+4.5-2.9) degrees.\nThe proximity of alpha to a right-angle raises the question: is it merely\naccidental or is it due to some physics beyond the Standard Model? In the\nframework of our recently-proposed flavour permutation symmetry, we consider\nthe similarities between the quark and lepton mixing matrices, V and U, arguing\nthat the relative smallness of one element in each suggests common constraints.\nThese constraints link the smallness of V_ub and U_e3 with each other, and with\nthe approximate mu-tau symmetry observed in leptonic mixing, together with a\nprediction of a large Dirac CP phase in both the quark and lepton sectors. In\nthe quark case, we predict alpha=(89.0\\pm 0.2) degrees, in agreement with data\nand suggesting that the unitarity triangle is in fact very nearly, but not\nexactly right.\n" }, { "id": "4d504859-04e9-4076-86c9-19e2dce9e42e", "adv_source_id": "4d504859-04e9-4076-86c9-19e2dce9e42e", "source_id": "4d504859-04e9-4076-86c9-19e2dce9e42e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global F-theory GUTs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct global F-theory GUT models on del Pezzo surfaces in compact\nCalabi-Yau fourfolds realized as complete intersections of two hypersurface\nconstraints. The intersections of the GUT brane and the flavour branes as well\nas the gauge flux are described by the spectral cover construction. We consider\na split S[U(4) x U(1)_X] spectral cover, which allows for the\nphenomenologically relevant Yukawa couplings and GUT breaking to the MSSM via\nhypercharge flux while preventing dimension-4 proton decay. General expressions\nfor the massless spectrum, consistency conditions and a new method for the\ncomputation of curvature-induced tadpoles are presented. We also provide a\ngeometric toolkit for further model searches in the framework of toric\ngeometry. Finally, an explicit global model with three chiral generations and\nall required Yukawa couplings is defined on a Calabi-Yau fourfold which is\nfibered over the del Pezzo transition of the Fano threefold P^4[4].\n" }, { "id": "355fcd07-13e6-494e-afd2-b177c477877f", "adv_source_id": "355fcd07-13e6-494e-afd2-b177c477877f", "source_id": "355fcd07-13e6-494e-afd2-b177c477877f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Planet Shadows in Protoplanetary Disks. I: Temperature Perturbations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Planets embedded in optically thick passive accretion disks are expected to\nproduce perturbations in the density and temperature structure of the disk. We\ncalculate the magnitudes of these perturbations for a range of planet masses\nand distances. The model predicts the formation of a shadow at the position of\nthe planet paired with a brightening just beyond the shadow. We improve on\nprevious work on the subject by self-consistently calculating the temperature\nand density structures under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium and\ntaking the full three-dimensional shape of the disk into account rather than\nassuming a plane-parallel disk. While the excursion in temperatures is less\nthan in previous models, the spatial size of the perturbation is larger. We\ndemonstrate that a self-consistent calculation of the density and temperature\nstructure of the disk has a large effect on the disk model. In addition, the\ntemperature structure in the disk is highly sensitive to the angle of incidence\nof stellar irradition at the surface, so accurately calculating the shape of\nthe disk surface is crucial for modeling the thermal structure of the disk.\n" }, { "id": "4e820e18-7aa0-450f-91b8-399e9f39ca81", "adv_source_id": "4e820e18-7aa0-450f-91b8-399e9f39ca81", "source_id": "4e820e18-7aa0-450f-91b8-399e9f39ca81", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Minimum penalized Hellinger distance for model selection in small\n samples", "prompt": null, "generation": " In statistical modeling area, the Akaike information criterion AIC, is a\nwidely known and extensively used tool for model choice. The {\\phi}-divergence\ntest statistic is a recently developed tool for statistical model selection.\nThe popularity of the divergence criterion is however tempered by their known\nlack of robustness in small sample. In this paper the penalized minimum\nHellinger distance type statistics are considered and some properties are\nestablished. The limit laws of the estimates and test statistics are given\nunder both the null and the alternative hypotheses, and approximations of the\npower functions are deduced. A model selection criterion relative to these\ndivergence measures are developed for parametric inference. Our interest is in\nthe problem to testing for choosing between two models using some informational\ntype statistics, when independent sample are drawn from a discrete population.\nHere, we discuss the asymptotic properties and the performance of new procedure\ntests and investigate their small sample behavior.\n" }, { "id": "b7fef4e7-f45b-4da9-b78f-401fc1bdc64b", "adv_source_id": "b7fef4e7-f45b-4da9-b78f-401fc1bdc64b", "source_id": "b7fef4e7-f45b-4da9-b78f-401fc1bdc64b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probing a non-biaxial behavior of infinitely thin hard platelets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a criterion to test a non-biaxial behavior of infinitely thin hard\nplatelets of $D_{2h}$ symmetry based upon the components of three order\nparameter tensors. We investigated the nematic behavior of monodisperse\ninfinitely thin rectangular hard platelet systems by using the criterion.\nStarting with a square platelet system, and we compared it with rectangular\nplatelet systems of various aspect ratios. For each system, we performed\nequilibration runs by using isobaric Monte Carlo simulations. Each system did\nnot show a biaxial nematic behavior but a uniaxial nematic one, despite of the\nshape anisotropy of those platelets. The relationship between effective\ndiameters by simulations and theoretical effective diameters of the above\nsystems was also determined.\n" }, { "id": "f6e0215d-28a6-4da5-b515-acae54500795", "adv_source_id": "f6e0215d-28a6-4da5-b515-acae54500795", "source_id": "f6e0215d-28a6-4da5-b515-acae54500795", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The stochastic background from cosmic (super)strings: popcorn and\n (Gaussian) continuous regimes", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the era of the next generation of gravitational wave experiments a\nstochastic background from cusps of cosmic (super)strings is expected to be\nprobed and, if not detected, to be significantly constrained. A popcorn-like\nbackground can be, for part of the parameter space, as pronounced as the\n(Gaussian) continuous contribution from unresolved sources that overlap in\nfrequency and time. We study both contributions from unresolved cosmic string\ncusps over a range of frequencies relevant to ground based interferometers,\nsuch as LIGO/Virgo second generation (AdLV) and Einstein Telescope (ET) third\ngeneration detectors, the space antenna LISA and Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA). We\ncompute the sensitivity (at $2 \\sigma$ level) in the parameter space for AdLV,\nET, LISA and PTA. We conclude that the popcorn regime is complementary to the\ncontinuous background. Its detection could therefore enhance confidence in a\nstochastic background detection and possibly help determine fundamental string\nparameters such as the string tension and the reconnection probability.\n" }, { "id": "6ddf20c4-b1e9-4b73-8491-52289ad7f3b1", "adv_source_id": "6ddf20c4-b1e9-4b73-8491-52289ad7f3b1", "source_id": "6ddf20c4-b1e9-4b73-8491-52289ad7f3b1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The spatial distribution of polar hydrogen deposits on the Moon", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new analysis of the Lunar Prospector epithermal neutron data is presented,\nproviding an improved map of the distribution of hydrogen near to the lunar\npoles. This is achieved using a specially developed pixon image reconstruction\nalgorithm to deconvolve the instrumental response of the Lunar Prospector's\nneutron spectrometer from the observed data, while simultaneously suppressing\nthe statistical noise. The results show that these data alone require the\nhydrogen to be concentrated into the cold traps at up to 1 wt% water-equivalent\nhydrogen. This combination of localisation and high concentration suggests that\nthe hydrogen is present either in the form of a volatile compound or as solar\nwind protons implanted into small regolith grains.\n" }, { "id": "bfc7ce6c-2d33-40aa-9351-8d0a353c4c6c", "adv_source_id": "bfc7ce6c-2d33-40aa-9351-8d0a353c4c6c", "source_id": "bfc7ce6c-2d33-40aa-9351-8d0a353c4c6c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A homage to E.C.G.Sudarshan: Superluminal objects and waves (An updated\n overview of the relevant experiments)", "prompt": null, "generation": " This writing has been prepared on the occasion of the 75th birthday of\nE.C.George Sudarshan, who (besides the originator of the V-A theory for\nweak-forces, of quantum optics --the quantum representation of coherent\nlight--, of dynamical maps for open quantum systems, of the Zeno effect, etc.)\nwas a pioneer, already in the sisties, also of the theory of the so-called\n\"tachyons\".\n This paper wishes to be a homage to E.C.G.Sudarshan, in connection with the\nlast-mentioned pioneering work of his. After a brief theoretical introduction\n(based on the standard postulates of Special Relativity, and therefore\nextending it --or rather non-restricting it-- without any violations: for\nexample, without any violations of the so-called Einstein causality), the main\naim of this article is an updated presentation of the status-of-the-art of the\n\"superluminal\" experiments. In particular, we devote such a review to the\nphenomena met in tunneling through quantum (and classical) barriers [e.g.,\nreferring to the Genelalized Hartman Effect]; and in connection with the\n\"Localized (nondiffracting) Solutions\" of the wave equantions [e.g., of Maxwell\nequations]: especially of the \"X-shaped\" ones.\n The interested reader is provided with an extended Bibliography.\n" }, { "id": "c18ebc1c-aea6-4281-a3f8-32a590c6e605", "adv_source_id": "c18ebc1c-aea6-4281-a3f8-32a590c6e605", "source_id": "c18ebc1c-aea6-4281-a3f8-32a590c6e605", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Minimal Length in Quantum Gravity, Equivalence Principle and Holographic\n Entropy Bound", "prompt": null, "generation": " A possible discrepancy has been found between the results of a neutron\ninterferometry experiment and Quantum Mechanics. This experiment suggests that\nthe weak equivalence principle is violated at small length scales, which\nquantum mechanics cannot explain. In this paper, we investigated whether the\nGeneralized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), proposed by some approaches to quantum\ngravity such as String Theory and Doubly Special Relativity Theories (DSR), can\nexplain the violation of the weak equivalence principle at small length scales.\nWe also investigated the consequences of the GUP on the Liouville theorem in\nstatistical mechanics. We have found a new form of invariant phase space in the\npresence of GUP. This result should modify the density states and affect the\ncalculation of the entropy bound of local quantum field theory, the\ncosmological constant, black body radiation, etc. Furthermore, such\nmodification may have observable consequences at length scales much larger than\nthe Planck scale. This modification leads to a \\sqrt{A}-type correction to the\nbound of the maximal entropy of a bosonic field which would definitely shed\nsome light on the holographic theory.\n" }, { "id": "4a6e162c-6b25-4921-b79a-61b5c68e02ee", "adv_source_id": "4a6e162c-6b25-4921-b79a-61b5c68e02ee", "source_id": "4a6e162c-6b25-4921-b79a-61b5c68e02ee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Technical Note: Radiotherapy dose calculations using GEANT4 and the\n Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cloud computing allows for vast computational resources to be leveraged\nquickly and easily in bursts as and when required. Using the Amazon Elastic\nCompute Cloud and the Amazon Simple Storage Solution, we describe a technique\nthat allows for Monte Carlo radiotherapy dose calculations to be performed\nusing GEANT4 and executed in the cloud. Simulation cost and completion time was\nevaluated as a function of instance count using compute instances acquired via\nbiding on the Elastic Compute Cloud spot market. Bidding for instances on the\ninstance spot market was found to be 35-60% of the cost of on-demand instances\nof the same type. Using the technique, we demonstrate the potential usefulness\nof cloud computing as a solution for rapid Monte Carlo simulation for\nradiotherapy dose calculation.\n" }, { "id": "abc02b44-e8dc-4787-aee4-72bcfe2d75c4", "adv_source_id": "abc02b44-e8dc-4787-aee4-72bcfe2d75c4", "source_id": "abc02b44-e8dc-4787-aee4-72bcfe2d75c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ultrafast Photo-Induced Charge Transfer Unveiled by Two-Dimensional\n Electronic Spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " The interaction of exciton and charge transfer (CT) states plays a central\nrole in photo-induced CT processes in chemistry, biology and physics. In this\nwork, we use a combination of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D-ES),\npump-probe measurements and quantum chemistry to investigate the ultrafast CT\ndynamics in a lutetium bisphthalocyanine dimer in different oxidation states.\nIt is found that in the anionic form, the combination of strong CT-exciton\ninteraction and electronic asymmetry induced by a counter-ion enables CT\nbetween the two macrocycles of the complex on a 30 fs timescale. Following\noptical excitation, a chain of electron and hole transfer steps gives rise to\ncharacteristic cross-peak dynamics in the electronic 2D spectra, and we monitor\nhow the excited state charge density ultimately localizes on the macrocycle\nclosest to the counter-ion within 100 fs. A comparison with the dynamics in the\nradical species further elucidates how CT states modulate the electronic\nstructure and tune fs-reaction dynamics. Our experiments demonstrate the unique\ncapability of 2D-ES in combination with other methods to decipher ultrafast CT\ndynamics.\n" }, { "id": "9ed3d5e4-7a39-4048-abf4-6a1251f3acd8", "adv_source_id": "9ed3d5e4-7a39-4048-abf4-6a1251f3acd8", "source_id": "9ed3d5e4-7a39-4048-abf4-6a1251f3acd8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic monopole loops generated from calorons with nontrivial holonomy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study whether or not magnetic monopoles are generated from calorons\ndefined in the space $\\mathbb{R}^3\\times S^1$ with the period $\\beta$. We give\nnumerical evidence that one-caloron solution with nontrivial holonomy generates\ntwo loops of magnetic monopole and each loop passing through one of the two\npoles of the caloron winds along the time direction for small $\\beta$, while\ntwo loops approach each other to fuse into an unwinding loop for large $\\beta$,\nsuggesting the existence of a critical value of $\\beta$ separating two\ndifferent phases. This work is a first step to explain quark\nconfinement/deconfinement at finite temperature from the viewpoint of dual\nsuperconductor picture in our framework.\n" }, { "id": "d5a19377-da38-4164-b600-55b4473c3c8b", "adv_source_id": "d5a19377-da38-4164-b600-55b4473c3c8b", "source_id": "d5a19377-da38-4164-b600-55b4473c3c8b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Predictive Model of Inverted Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and Resonant\n Leptogenesis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a new realization of inverted neutrino mass hierarchy based on\n$S_3 \\times {\\cal U}(1)$ flavor symmetry. In this scenario, the deviation of\nthe solar oscillation angle from $\\pi/4$ is correlated with the value of\n$\\theta_{13}$, as they are both induced by a common mixing angle in the charged\nlepton sector. We find several interesting predictions: $\\te_{13}\\geq 0.13$,\n$\\sin^2\\te_{12}\\geq 0.31$, $\\sin^2\\te_{23}\\simeq 0.5$ and $0\\leq \\cos \\de \\leq\n0.7$ for the neutrino oscillation parameters and $0.01 {\\rm\neV}\\stackrel{<}{_\\sim}m_{\\bt \\bt}\\stackrel{<}{_\\sim} 0.02 {\\rm eV}$ for the\neffective neutrino mass in neutrino-less double $\\bt $-decay. We show that our\nscenario can also explain naturally the observed baryon asymmetry of the\nuniverse via resonant leptogenesis. The masses of the decaying right--handed\nneutrinos can be in the range $(10^3 - 10^7)$ GeV, which would avoid the\ngeneric gravitino problem of supersymmetric models.\n" }, { "id": "a82dde4c-8571-48c0-a565-1203dbb89b06", "adv_source_id": "a82dde4c-8571-48c0-a565-1203dbb89b06", "source_id": "a82dde4c-8571-48c0-a565-1203dbb89b06", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum gas of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an optical lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " Control over all internal and external degrees of freedom of molecules at the\nlevel of single quantum states will enable a series of fundamental studies in\nphysics and chemistry. In particular, samples of ground-state molecules at\nultralow temperatures and high number densities will allow novel quantum-gas\nstudies and future applications in quantum information science. However, high\nphase-space densities for molecular samples are not readily attainable as\nefficient cooling techniques such as laser cooling are lacking. Here we produce\nan ultracold and dense sample of molecules in a single hyperfine level of the\nrovibronic ground state with each molecule individually trapped in the motional\nground state of an optical lattice well. Starting from a zero-temperature\natomic Mott-insulator state with optimized double-site occupancy, weakly-bound\ndimer molecules are efficiently associated on a Feshbach resonance and\nsubsequently transferred to the rovibronic ground state by a stimulated\nfour-photon process with >50 % efficiency. The molecules are trapped in the\nlattice and have a lifetime of 8 s. Our results present a crucial step towards\nBose-Einstein condensation of ground-state molecules and, when suitably\ngeneralized to polar heteronuclear molecules, the realization of dipolar\nquantum-gas phases in optical lattices.\n" }, { "id": "8d0a5560-4e08-4dc5-90fc-b4c945c8d233", "adv_source_id": "8d0a5560-4e08-4dc5-90fc-b4c945c8d233", "source_id": "8d0a5560-4e08-4dc5-90fc-b4c945c8d233", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transparent boundary conditions for locally perturbed infinite hexagonal\n periodic media", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we propose a strategy to determine the Dirichlet-to-Neumann\n(DtN) operator for infinite, lossy and locally perturbed hexagonal periodic\nmedia. We obtain a factorization of this operator involving two non local\noperators. The first one is a DtN type operator and corresponds to a half-space\nproblem. The second one is a Dirichlet-to-Dirichlet (DtD) type operator related\nto the symmetry properties of the problem. The half-space DtN operator is\ncharacterized via Floquet-Bloch transform, a family of elementary strip\nproblems and a family of stationary Riccati equations. The DtD operator is the\nsolution of an affine operator valued equation which can be reformulated as a\nnon standard integral equation.\n" }, { "id": "b18f5032-384a-4378-acba-011a59ebb850", "adv_source_id": "b18f5032-384a-4378-acba-011a59ebb850", "source_id": "b18f5032-384a-4378-acba-011a59ebb850", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Princess and the Pea at the nanoscale: Wrinkling and delamination of\n graphene on nanoparticles", "prompt": null, "generation": " Thin membranes exhibit complex responses to external forces or geometrical\nconstraints. A familiar example is the wrinkling, exhibited by human skin,\nplant leaves, and fabrics, resulting from the relative ease of bending versus\nstretching. Here, we study the wrinkling of graphene, the thinnest and stiffest\nknown membrane, deposited on a silica substrate decorated with silica\nnanoparticles. At small nanoparticle density monolayer graphene adheres to the\nsubstrate, detached only in small regions around the nanoparticles. With\nincreasing nanoparticle density, we observe the formation of wrinkles which\nconnect nanoparticles. Above a critical nanoparticle density, the wrinkles form\na percolating network through the sample. As the graphene membrane is made\nthicker, global delamination from the substrate is observed. The observations\ncan be well understood within a continuum elastic model and have important\nimplications for strain-engineering the electronic properties of graphene.\n" }, { "id": "c542accc-15e2-447d-9ed0-95fe7cc69a4e", "adv_source_id": "c542accc-15e2-447d-9ed0-95fe7cc69a4e", "source_id": "c542accc-15e2-447d-9ed0-95fe7cc69a4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "GTRACE-RS: Efficient Graph Sequence Mining using Reverse Search", "prompt": null, "generation": " The mining of frequent subgraphs from labeled graph data has been studied\nextensively. Furthermore, much attention has recently been paid to frequent\npattern mining from graph sequences. A method, called GTRACE, has been proposed\nto mine frequent patterns from graph sequences under the assumption that\nchanges in graphs are gradual. Although GTRACE mines the frequent patterns\nefficiently, it still needs substantial computation time to mine the patterns\nfrom graph sequences containing large graphs and long sequences. In this paper,\nwe propose a new version of GTRACE that enables efficient mining of frequent\npatterns based on the principle of a reverse search. The underlying concept of\nthe reverse search is a general scheme for designing efficient algorithms for\nhard enumeration problems. Our performance study shows that the proposed method\nis efficient and scalable for mining both long and large graph sequence\npatterns and is several orders of magnitude faster than the original GTRACE.\n" }, { "id": "0083241a-b43a-4d05-92c4-4fc8c4a5d860", "adv_source_id": "0083241a-b43a-4d05-92c4-4fc8c4a5d860", "source_id": "0083241a-b43a-4d05-92c4-4fc8c4a5d860", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Robust Sign Language Recognition System Using ToF Depth Cameras", "prompt": null, "generation": " Sign language recognition is a difficult task, yet required for many\napplications in real-time speed. Using RGB cameras for recognition of sign\nlanguages is not very successful in practical situations and accurate 3D\nimaging requires expensive and complex instruments. With introduction of\nTime-of-Flight (ToF) depth cameras in recent years, it has become easier to\nscan the environment for accurate, yet fast depth images of the objects without\nthe need of any extra calibrating object. In this paper, a robust system for\nsign language recognition using ToF depth cameras is presented for converting\nthe recorded signs to a standard and portable XML sign language named SiGML for\neasy transferring and converting to real-time 3D virtual characters animations.\nFeature extraction using moments and classification using nearest neighbor\nclassifier are used to track hand gestures and significant result of 100% is\nachieved for the proposed approach.\n" }, { "id": "c49aa51a-459b-4518-9aef-a491cae2e16d", "adv_source_id": "c49aa51a-459b-4518-9aef-a491cae2e16d", "source_id": "c49aa51a-459b-4518-9aef-a491cae2e16d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Revised bolometric corrections and interstellar extinction coefficients\n for the ACS and WFPC2 photometric systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present extensive tables of bolometric corrections and interstellar\nextinction coefficients for the WFPC2 and ACS (both WFC and HRC) photometric\nsystems. They are derived from synthetic photometry applied to a database of\nspectral energy distributions covering a large range of effective temperatures,\nsurface gravity, and metal content. Carbon stars are also considered. The\nzero-points take into consideration the new high-accuracy Vega fluxes from\nBohlin. These tables are employed to transform Padova isochrones into WFPC2 and\nACS photometric systems using interstellar extinction coefficients on a\nstar-to-star basis. All data are available either in tabular form or via an\ninteractive web interface in the case of the isochrones. Preliminary tables for\nthe WFC3 camera are also included in the database.\n" }, { "id": "4698ee9f-c452-42cf-8335-e35176866bed", "adv_source_id": "4698ee9f-c452-42cf-8335-e35176866bed", "source_id": "4698ee9f-c452-42cf-8335-e35176866bed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coordinate families for the Schwarzschild geometry based on radial\n timelike geodesics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the connections between various coordinate systems associated with\nobservers moving inwardly along radial geodesics in the Schwarzschild geometry.\nPainlev\\'e-Gullstrand (PG) time is adapted to freely falling observers dropped\nfrom rest from infinity; Lake-Martel-Poisson (LMP) time coordinates are adapted\nto observers who start at infinity with non-zero initial inward velocity;\nGautreau-Hoffmann (GH) time coordinates are adapted to observers dropped from\nrest from a finite distance from the black hole horizon. We construct from\nthese an LMP family and a proper-time family of time coordinates, the\nintersection of which is PG time. We demonstrate that these coordinate families\nare distinct, but related, one-parameter generalizations of PG time, and show\nlinkage to Lema\\^itre coordinates as well.\n" }, { "id": "6399409e-5266-449e-b901-94362684e879", "adv_source_id": "6399409e-5266-449e-b901-94362684e879", "source_id": "6399409e-5266-449e-b901-94362684e879", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electromagnons in multiferroic RMn2O5 compounds and their microscopic\n origin", "prompt": null, "generation": " We summarize the existing experimental data on electromagnons in multiferroic\nRMn2O5 compounds, where R denotes a rare earth ion, Y or Bi, and discuss a\nrealistic microscopic model of these materials based on assumption that the\nmicroscopic mechanism of magnetically-induced ferroelectricity and\nelectromagnon absorption relies entirely on the isotropic Heisenberg exchange\nand magnetostrictive coupling of spins to a polar lattice mode and does not\ninvolve relativistic effects. This model explains many magnetic and optical\nproperties of RMn2O5 manganites, such as the spin re-orientation transition,\nmagnetically-induced polarisation, appearance of the electromagnon peak in the\nnon-collinear spin state and the polarisation of light for which this peak is\nobserved. We compare experimental and theoretical results on electromagnons in\nRMn2O5 and RMnO3 compounds.\n" }, { "id": "91b881bf-c38d-4f7f-aee1-7c6f7e91f7c6", "adv_source_id": "91b881bf-c38d-4f7f-aee1-7c6f7e91f7c6", "source_id": "91b881bf-c38d-4f7f-aee1-7c6f7e91f7c6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bounds on the 2-rainbow domination number of graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " A {\\it 2-rainbow domination function} of a graph $G$ is a function $f$ that\nassigns to each vertex a set of colors chosen from the set $\\{1,2\\}$, such that\nfor any $v\\in V(G)$, $f(v)=\\emptyset$ implies $\\bigcup_{u\\in\nN(v)}f(u)=\\{1,2\\}$. The {\\it 2-rainbow domination number $\\gamma_{r2}(G)$} of a\ngraph $G$ is the minimum $w(f)=\\Sigma_{v\\in V}|f(v)|$ over all such functions\n$f$. Let $G$ be a connected graph of order $|V(G)|=n\\geq 3$. We prove that\n$\\gamma_{r2}(G)\\leq 3n/4$ and we characterize the graphs achieving equality. We\nalso prove a lower bound for 2-rainbow domination number of a tree using its\ndomination number. Some other lower and upper bounds of $\\gamma_{r2}(G)$ in\nterms of diameter are also given.\n" }, { "id": "85cca7c2-9dbb-4564-a23c-9e9e4fdcaab8", "adv_source_id": "85cca7c2-9dbb-4564-a23c-9e9e4fdcaab8", "source_id": "85cca7c2-9dbb-4564-a23c-9e9e4fdcaab8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Chemi-Ionization Processes in Slow Collisions of Rydberg Atoms with\n Ground State Atoms: Mechanism and Applications", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article the history and the current state of research of the\nchemiionization processes in atom-Rydberg atom collisions is presented. The\nprincipal assumptions of the model of such processes based on the dipole\nresonance mechanism, as well as the problems of stochastic ionization in\natom-Rydberg atom collisions, are exposed. The properties of the collision\nkinetics in atom beams of various types used in contemporary experimentations\nare briefly described. Results of the calculation of the chemi-ionization rate\ncoefficients are given and discussed for the range of the principal quantum\nnumber values 5 < n < 25. The role of the chemi-ionization processes in\nastrophysical and laboratory low-temperature plasmas, and the contemporary\nmethods of their investigation are described. Also the directions of further\nresearch of chemi-ionization processes are discussed in this article.\n" }, { "id": "a69850f7-a17b-4740-b09f-76caf9770175", "adv_source_id": "a69850f7-a17b-4740-b09f-76caf9770175", "source_id": "a69850f7-a17b-4740-b09f-76caf9770175", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New Properties of Fourier Series and Riemann Zeta Function", "prompt": null, "generation": " We establish the mapping relations between analytic functions and periodic\nfunctions using the abstract operators $\\cos(h\\partial_x)$ and\n$\\sin(h\\partial_x)$, including the mapping relations between power series and\ntrigonometric series, and by using such mapping relations we obtain a general\nmethod to find the sum function of a trigonometric series. According to this\nmethod, if each coefficient of a power series is respectively equal to that of\na trigonometric series, then if we know the sum function of the power series,\nwe can obtain that of the trigonometric series, and the non-analytical points\nof which are also determined at the same time, thus we obtain a general method\nto find the sum of the Dirichlet series of integer variables, and derive\nseveral new properties of $\\zeta(2n+1)$.\n" }, { "id": "93975c24-34df-44ab-a23a-b9855c1bbea4", "adv_source_id": "93975c24-34df-44ab-a23a-b9855c1bbea4", "source_id": "93975c24-34df-44ab-a23a-b9855c1bbea4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Higher order Fourier analysis as an algebraic theory III", "prompt": null, "generation": " For every natural number k we introduce the notion of k-th order convolution\nof functions on abelian groups. We study the group of convolution preserving\nautomorphisms of function algebras in the limit. It turns out that such groups\nhave k-nilpotent factor groups explaining why k-th order Fourier analysis has\nnon-commutative features. To demonstrate our method in the quadratic case we\ndevelop a new quadratic representation theory on finite abelian groups. We\nintroduce the notion of a quadrtic nil-morphism of an abelian group into a two\nstep nil-manifold. We prove a structure theorem saying that any bounded\nfunction on a finite abelian group is decomposable into a structured part\n(which is the composition of a nil-morphism with a bounded complexity\ncontinuous function) and a random looking part with small U3 norm. It implies a\nnew inverse theorem for the U3 norm. (The general case for Un, n>3 will be\ndiscussed in the next part of this sequence.) We point out that our framework\ncreates interesting limit objects for functions on finite (or compact) abelian\ngroups that are measurable functions on nil-manifolds.\n" }, { "id": "c3f651b9-b6a0-4fe2-a997-503fd084cb91", "adv_source_id": "c3f651b9-b6a0-4fe2-a997-503fd084cb91", "source_id": "c3f651b9-b6a0-4fe2-a997-503fd084cb91", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Plane-Sweep Incremental Algorithm: Computing Delaunay Tessellations of\n Large Datasets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the plane-sweep incremental algorithm, a hybrid approach for\ncomputing Delaunay tessellations of large point sets whose size exceeds the\ncomputer's main memory. This approach unites the simplicity of the incremental\nalgorithms with the comparatively low memory requirements of plane-sweep\napproaches. The procedure is to first sort the point set along the first\nprincipal component and then to sequentially insert the points into the\ntessellation, essentially simulating a sweeping plane. The part of the\ntessellation that has been passed by the sweeping plane can be evicted from\nmemory and written to disk, limiting the memory requirement of the program to\nthe \"thickness\" of the data set along its first principal component. We\nimplemented the algorithm and used it to compute the Delaunay tessellation and\nVoronoi partition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey magnitude space consisting of\n287 million points.\n" }, { "id": "2263116f-9398-482e-8611-a9225a019601", "adv_source_id": "2263116f-9398-482e-8611-a9225a019601", "source_id": "2263116f-9398-482e-8611-a9225a019601", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unprecedented accurate abundances: signatures of other Earths?", "prompt": null, "generation": " For more than 140 years the chemical composition of our Sun has been\nconsidered typical of solar-type stars. Our highly differential elemental\nabundance analysis of unprecedented accuracy (~0.01 dex) of the Sun relative to\nsolar twins, shows that the Sun has a peculiar chemical composition with a ~20%\ndepletion of refractory elements relative to the volatile elements in\ncomparison with solar twins. The abundance differences correlate strongly with\nthe condensation temperatures of the elements. A similar study of solar analogs\nfrom planet surveys shows that this peculiarity also holds in comparisons with\nsolar analogs known to have close-in giant planets while the majority of solar\nanalogs without detected giant planets show the solar abundance pattern. The\npeculiarities in the solar chemical composition can be explained as signatures\nof the formation of terrestrial planets like our own Earth.\n" }, { "id": "6b3dee49-8bdb-4d23-b964-1ad29b28b745", "adv_source_id": "6b3dee49-8bdb-4d23-b964-1ad29b28b745", "source_id": "6b3dee49-8bdb-4d23-b964-1ad29b28b745", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Formal Approach to Modeling the Memory of a Living Organism", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a living organism as an observer of the evolution of its\nenvironment recording sensory information about the state space X of the\nenvironment in real time. Sensory information is sampled and then processed on\ntwo levels. On the biological level, the organism serves as an evaluation\nmechanism of the subjective relevance of the incoming data to the observer: the\nobserver assigns excitation values to events in X it could recognize using its\nsensory equipment. On the algorithmic level, sensory input is used for updating\na database, the memory of the observer whose purpose is to serve as a\ngeometric/combinatorial model of X, whose nodes are weighted by the excitation\nvalues produced by the evaluation mechanism. These values serve as a guidance\nsystem for deciding how the database should transform as observation data\nmounts. We define a searching problem for the proposed model and discuss the\nmodel's flexibility and its computational efficiency, as well as the\npossibility of implementing it as a dynamic network of neuron-like units. We\nshow how various easily observable properties of the human memory and thought\nprocess can be explained within the framework of this model. These include:\nreasoning (with efficiency bounds), errors, temporary and permanent loss of\ninformation. We are also able to define general learning problems in terms of\nthe new model, such as the language acquisition problem.\n" }, { "id": "21e231f9-4409-46b2-b018-75876bf928c8", "adv_source_id": "21e231f9-4409-46b2-b018-75876bf928c8", "source_id": "21e231f9-4409-46b2-b018-75876bf928c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Potentials between pairs of static-light mesons", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give an update on our ongoing investigations of potentials between pairs\nof static-light mesons in Nf=2 Lattice QCD, in different spin and isospin\nchannels. The question of attraction and repulsion is particularly interesting\nwith respect to the X(3872) charmonium state and charged candidates such as the\nZ+(4430). We employ the nonperturbatively improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert\nfermion and the Wilson gauge actions at two lattice spacings a approx. 0.084 fm\nand a approx. 0.077 fm with a pseudoscalar mass of mPS approx. 770 MeV and mPS\napprox. 400 MeV respectively. We use stochastic all-to-all propagator\ntechniques, improved by a hopping parameter expansion. The analysis is based on\nthe variational method, utilizing various source and sink interpolators.\n" }, { "id": "3a784683-942b-4297-833a-07bc3941f442", "adv_source_id": "3a784683-942b-4297-833a-07bc3941f442", "source_id": "3a784683-942b-4297-833a-07bc3941f442", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effects of multiple gene control on the spread of altruism by group\n selection", "prompt": null, "generation": " The origin of altruistic behavior, i.e. the behavior that is useful for a\npopulation or a species but goes at the expense of an altruistic individual,\nhas long been a challenge for students of evolutionary biology. The populations\nwith altruistic individuals thrive better than those without altruists;\nhowever, the altruists within a population thrive worse than the non-altruists\nand their prevalence in the population decreases due to individual selection.\nUnder certain conditions, the strength of group selection, i.e. the competition\nbetween populations, can surpass the strength of individual selection; however,\nsuch conditions are rarely achieved in practice. It was suggested recently that\nchances for altruistic behavior to spread highly increase when it is controlled\nnot by a single gene but by multiple independent genes substitutable in their\neffects on the phenotype of the individual. Here we confirm the original verbal\nmodel published as part of the frozen plasticity theory by numerical modeling\nof the spread of altruistic/selfish alleles in a metapopulation consisting of\npartly isolated groups of organisms (demes) interconnected by migration. We\nhave shown that altruistic behavior coded by multiple substitutable genes can\nstably coexist with selfish behavior, even under relatively high mutation and\nmigration rates, i.e. under such conditions where altruistic behavior coded by\na single gene is quickly outcompeted in a metapopulation.\n" }, { "id": "3c69ca88-b091-4bc8-8cd8-410d27fdb3b3", "adv_source_id": "3c69ca88-b091-4bc8-8cd8-410d27fdb3b3", "source_id": "3c69ca88-b091-4bc8-8cd8-410d27fdb3b3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum networks reveal quantum nonlocality", "prompt": null, "generation": " The results of local measurements on some composite quantum systems cannot be\nreproduced classically. This impossibility, known as quantum nonlocality,\nrepresents a milestone in the foundations of quantum theory. Quantum\nnonlocality is also a valuable resource for information processing tasks, e.g.\nquantum communication, quantum key distribution, quantum state estimation, or\nrandomness extraction. Still, deciding if a quantum state is nonlocal remains a\nchallenging problem. Here we introduce a novel approach to this question: we\nstudy the nonlocal properties of quantum states when distributed and measured\nin networks. Using our framework, we show how any one-way entanglement\ndistillable state leads to nonlocal correlations. Then, we prove that\nnonlocality is a non-additive resource, which can be activated. There exist\nstates, local at the single-copy level, that become nonlocal when taking\nseveral copies of it. Our results imply that the nonlocality of quantum states\nstrongly depends on the measurement context.\n" }, { "id": "9ac00359-2eb5-4571-bdbc-7b54350c0d15", "adv_source_id": "9ac00359-2eb5-4571-bdbc-7b54350c0d15", "source_id": "9ac00359-2eb5-4571-bdbc-7b54350c0d15", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "About a mechanism of the short period 160-min radial pulsations of Sun", "prompt": null, "generation": " The visible diameter of Sun oscilates with a period of 160 min. The same type\nof periodicity is also found in a huge number of solar radiation parameters. To\nelucidate the origin of these longitudinal radial pulsations we have used the\nequation for the equilibrium of inner layers which, after linearization, turned\ninto the harmonic oscilator equation. The latter equation allows radial\npulsations whose period and wave length were calculated using regresion\nexpresions for the gas presure and density in various layers. The radial\npulsations originate at the surface of active zone and propagate til the\nlitosphere, where they undergo full inner reflection producing undersurface\nstationary waves with a period of 150-160 min.\n" }, { "id": "9870ada9-5950-4e06-91af-7a9f710b3b9e", "adv_source_id": "9870ada9-5950-4e06-91af-7a9f710b3b9e", "source_id": "9870ada9-5950-4e06-91af-7a9f710b3b9e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Conformal invariants from nodal sets. I. Negative Eigenvalues and\n Curvature Prescription", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we study conformal invariants that arise from nodal sets and\nnegative eigenvalues of conformally covariant operators; more specifically, the\nGJMS operators, which include the Yamabe and Paneitz operators. We give several\napplications to curvature prescription problems. We establish a version in\nconformal geometry of Courant's Nodal Domain Theorem. We also show that on any\nmanifold of dimension $n\\geq 3$, there exist many metrics for which our\ninvariants are nontrivial. We prove that the Yamabe operator can have an\narbitrarily large number of negative eigenvalues on any manifold of dimension\n$n\\geq 3$. We obtain similar results for some higher order GJMS operators on\nsome Einstein and Heisenberg manifolds. We describe the invariants arising from\nthe Yamabe and Paneitz operators associated to left-invariant metrics on\nHeisenberg manifolds. Finally, in the appendix, the 2nd named author and Andrea\nMalchiodi study the $Q$-curvature prescription problems for non-critical\n$Q$-curvatures.\n" }, { "id": "1739eb6b-9bf8-44e0-aadc-df3d54b78d77", "adv_source_id": "1739eb6b-9bf8-44e0-aadc-df3d54b78d77", "source_id": "1739eb6b-9bf8-44e0-aadc-df3d54b78d77", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum isometry groups of duals of free powers of cyclic groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the quantum isometry groups of the noncommutative Riemannian\nmanifolds associated to discrete group duals. The basic representation theory\nproblem is to compute the law of the main character of the relevant quantum\ngroup, and our main result here is as follows: for the group Z_s^{*n}, with s>4\nand n>1, half of the character follows the compound free Poisson law with\nrespect to the measure $\\underline{\\epsilon}$/2, where $\\epsilon$ is the\nuniform measure on the s-th roots of unity, and\n$\\epsilon\\to\\underline{\\epsilon}$ is the canonical projection map from complex\nto real measures. We discuss as well a number of technical versions of this\nresult, notably with the construction of a new quantum group, which appears as\na \"representation-theoretic limit\", at s equal to infinity.\n" }, { "id": "5880fab3-7241-4695-9e38-ced1ade13452", "adv_source_id": "5880fab3-7241-4695-9e38-ced1ade13452", "source_id": "5880fab3-7241-4695-9e38-ced1ade13452", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ultracompact plasmonic racetrack resonators in metal-insulator-metal\n waveguides", "prompt": null, "generation": " Among various plasmonic waveguides, the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) type is\nthe most promising for true subwavelength photonic integration. To date, many\nphotonic devices based on MIM waveguides have been investigated, including\nresonators. However, most of the reported MIM ring resonators suffer from low\nextinction ratios. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the\nintrinsic reasons for the low performance of MIM ring resonators, and give the\nanalytical transmission relation for a universal all-pass ring resonator which\nhas coupling loss. Based on the analysis we propose the plasmonic racetrack\nresonators in MIM waveguides and show that the performance can be greatly\nimproved.\n" }, { "id": "d2971dbd-1ba7-4ced-ab58-0ac1146cdad9", "adv_source_id": "d2971dbd-1ba7-4ced-ab58-0ac1146cdad9", "source_id": "d2971dbd-1ba7-4ced-ab58-0ac1146cdad9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Investigating the flyby scenario for the HD 141569 system", "prompt": null, "generation": " HD 141569, a triple star system, has been intensively observed and studied\nfor its massive debris disk. It was rather regarded as a gravitationally bound\ntriple system but recent measurements of the HD 141569A radial velocity seem to\ninvalidate this hypothesis. The flyby scenario has therefore to be investigated\nto test its compatibility with the observations. We present a study of the\nflyby scenario for the HD141569 system, by considering 3 variants: a sole\nflyby, a flyby associated with one planet and a flyby with two planets. We use\nanalytical calculations and perform N-body numerical simulations of the flyby\nencounter. The binary orbit is found to be almost fixed by the observational\nconstraint on a edge-on plane with respect to the observers. If the binary has\nhad an influence on the disk structure, it should have a passing time at the\nperiapsis between 5000 and 8000 years ago and a distance at periapsis between\n600 and 900 AU. The best scenario for reproducing the disk morphology is a\nflyby with only 1 planet. For a 2 Mj (resp. 8 Mj) planet, its eccentricity must\nbe around 0.2 (resp. below 0.1). In the two cases, its apoapsis is about 130\nAU. Although the global disk shape is reasonably well reproduced, some features\ncannot be explain by the present model and the likehood of the flyby event\nremains an issue. Dynamically speaking, HD 141569 is still a puzzling system.\n" }, { "id": "7416600c-c2c5-463b-b2f6-88397ce6f82c", "adv_source_id": "7416600c-c2c5-463b-b2f6-88397ce6f82c", "source_id": "7416600c-c2c5-463b-b2f6-88397ce6f82c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Construction of Near-Optimum Burst Erasure Correcting Low-Density\n Parity-Check Codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, a simple, general-purpose and effective tool for the design of\nlow-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for iterative correction of bursts of\nerasures is presented. The design method consists in starting from the\nparity-check matrix of an LDPC code and developing an optimized parity-check\nmatrix, with the same performance on the memory-less erasure channel, and\nsuitable also for the iterative correction of single bursts of erasures. The\nparity-check matrix optimization is performed by an algorithm called pivot\nsearching and swapping (PSS) algorithm, which executes permutations of\ncarefully chosen columns of the parity-check matrix, after a local analysis of\nparticular variable nodes called stopping set pivots. This algorithm can be in\nprinciple applied to any LDPC code. If the input parity-check matrix is\ndesigned for achieving good performance on the memory-less erasure channel,\nthen the code obtained after the application of the PSS algorithm provides good\njoint correction of independent erasures and single erasure bursts. Numerical\nresults are provided in order to show the effectiveness of the PSS algorithm\nwhen applied to different categories of LDPC codes.\n" }, { "id": "6346a157-1688-4162-abeb-116ce757c5a3", "adv_source_id": "6346a157-1688-4162-abeb-116ce757c5a3", "source_id": "6346a157-1688-4162-abeb-116ce757c5a3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The spin axes orbital alignment of both stars within the eclipsing\n binary system V1143Cyg using the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect", "prompt": null, "generation": " Context: The Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect, a rotational effect in\neclipsing systems, provides unique insight into the relative orientation of\nstellar spin axes and orbital axes of eclipsing binary systems.\n Aims: Our aim is to develop a robust method to analyze the RM effect in an\neclipsing system with two nearly equally bright components. This gives access\nto the orientation of the stellar rotation axes and may shed light on questions\nof binary formation and evolution.\n Methods: High-resolution spectra have been obtained both out of eclipse and\nduring the primary and secondary eclipses in the V1143Cyg system, using the\nhigh-resolution Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph at the Lick Observatory. The\nRossiter-McLaughlin effect is analyzed in two ways: (1) by measuring the shift\nof the line center of gravity during different phases of the eclipses and (2)\nby analysis of the line shape change of the rotational broadening function\nduring eclipses.\n Results: The projected axes of both stars are aligned with the orbital spin\nwithin the observational uncertainties, with the angle of the primary rotation\naxis beta_p=0.3+-1.5 deg, and the angle of the secondary rotation axis\nbeta_s=-1.2+-1.6 deg, thereby showing that the remaining difference between the\ntheoretical and observed apsidal motion for this system is not due to a\nmisalignment of the stellar rotation axes. Both methods utilized in this paper\nwork very well, even at times when the broadening profiles of the two stars\noverlap.[abridged]\n" }, { "id": "221093d1-e101-43d8-b4cc-296d4d23d2ca", "adv_source_id": "221093d1-e101-43d8-b4cc-296d4d23d2ca", "source_id": "221093d1-e101-43d8-b4cc-296d4d23d2ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Monoidal transforms and invariants of singularities in positive\n characteristic", "prompt": null, "generation": " The problem of resolution of singularities in positive characteristic can be\nreformulated as follows: Fix a hypersurface $X$, embedded in a smooth scheme,\nwith points of multiplicity at most $n$. Let an $n$-sequence of transformations\nof $X$ be a finite composition of monoidal transformations with centers\nincluded in the $n$-fold points of $X$, and of its successive strict\ntransforms. The open problem (in positive characteristic) is to prove that\nthere is an $n$-sequence such that the final strict transform of $X$ has no\npoints of multiplicity $n$ (no $n$-fold points).\n In characteristic zero, such an $n$-sequence is defined in two steps: the\nfirst consisting in the transformation of $X$ to a hypersurface with $n$-fold\npoints in the so called monomial case. The second step consists in the\nelimination of these $n$-fold points (in the monomial case), which is achieved\nby a simple combinatorial procedure for choices of centers.\n The invariants treated in this work allow us to define a notion of strong\nmonomial case which parallels that of monomial case in characteristic zero: If\na hypersurface is within the strong monomial case we prove that a resolution\ncan be achieved in a combinatorial manner.\n" }, { "id": "f98699a0-26b8-4eff-b4fd-3db2f1a763b6", "adv_source_id": "f98699a0-26b8-4eff-b4fd-3db2f1a763b6", "source_id": "f98699a0-26b8-4eff-b4fd-3db2f1a763b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collision probabilities in the rarefaction fan of asymmetric exclusion\n processes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) in\nwhich particles jump to the right at rate $p\\in(1/2,1]$ and to the left at rate\n$1-p$, interacting by exclusion. In the initial state there is a finite region\nsuch that to the left of this region all sites are occupied and to the right of\nit all sites are empty. Under this initial state, the hydrodynamical limit of\nthe process converges to the rarefaction fan of the associated Burgers\nequation. In particular suppose that the initial state has first-class\nparticles to the left of the origin, second-class particles at sites 0 and 1,\nand holes to the right of site 1. We show that the probability that the two\nsecond-class particles eventually collide is $(1+p)/3p$, where a_collision_\noccurs when one of the particles attempts to jump over the other. This also\ncorresponds to the probability that two ASEP processes, started from\nappropriate initial states and coupled using the so-called \"basic coupling\",\neventually reach the same state. We give various other results about the\nbehaviour of second-class particles in the ASEP. In the totally asymmetric case\n($p=1$) we explain a further representation in terms of a multi-type particle\nsystem, and also use the collision result to derive the probability of\ncoexistence of both clusters in a two-type version of the corner growth model.\n" }, { "id": "43a238a0-5149-4b1b-b856-9d96a29ff537", "adv_source_id": "43a238a0-5149-4b1b-b856-9d96a29ff537", "source_id": "43a238a0-5149-4b1b-b856-9d96a29ff537", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dissipated work and fluctuation relations for non-equilibrium\n single-electron transitions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss a simple but experimentally realistic model system, a\nsingle-electron box (SEB), where common fluctuation relations can be tested for\ndriven electronic transitions. We show analytically that when the electron\nsystem on the SEB island is overheated by the control parameter (gate voltage)\ndrive, the common fluctuation relation (Jarzynski equality) is only\napproximately valid due to dissipated heat even when the system starts at\nthermal equilibrium and returns to it after the drive has been stopped.\nHowever, an integral fluctuation relation based on total entropy production\nworks also in this situation. We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations of\nsingle-electron transitions in the SEB setup and find good agreement with the\ntheoretical predictions.\n" }, { "id": "8b0657f9-646e-4e38-855f-05fe8823317d", "adv_source_id": "8b0657f9-646e-4e38-855f-05fe8823317d", "source_id": "8b0657f9-646e-4e38-855f-05fe8823317d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Endocortical bone loss in osteoporosis: The role of bone surface\n availability", "prompt": null, "generation": " Age-related bone loss and postmenopausal osteoporosis are disorders of bone\nremodelling, in which less bone is reformed than resorbed. Yet, this\ndysregulation of bone remodelling does not occur equally in all bone regions.\nLoss of bone is more pronounced near and at the endocortex, leading to cortical\nwall thinning and medullary cavity expansion, a process sometimes referred to\nas \"trabecularisation\" or \"cancellisation\". Cortical wall thinning is of\nprimary concern in osteoporosis due to the strong deterioration of bone\nmechanical properties that it is associated with. In this paper, we examine the\npossibility that the non-uniformity of microscopic bone surface availability\ncould explain the non-uniformity of bone loss in osteoporosis. We use a\ncomputational model of bone remodelling in which microscopic bone surface\navailability influences bone turnover rate and simulate the evolution of the\nbone volume fraction profile across the midshaft of a long bone. We find that\nbone loss is accelerated near the endocortical wall where the specific surface\nis highest. Over time, this leads to a substantial reduction of cortical wall\nthickness from the endosteum. The associated expansion of the medullary cavity\ncan be made to match experimentally observed cross-sectional data from the\nMelbourne Femur Collection. Finally, we calculate the redistribution of the\nmechanical stresses in this evolving bone structure and show that mechanical\nload becomes critically transferred to the periosteal cortical bone.\n" }, { "id": "c55772f7-ea09-4cb2-b000-55b485966d25", "adv_source_id": "c55772f7-ea09-4cb2-b000-55b485966d25", "source_id": "c55772f7-ea09-4cb2-b000-55b485966d25", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Auctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a quantum auction protocol using superpositions to represent bids\nand distributed search to identify the winner(s). Measuring the final quantum\nstate gives the auction outcome while simultaneously destroying the\nsuperposition. Thus non-winning bids are never revealed. Participants can use\nentanglement to arrange for correlations among their bids, with the assurance\nthat this entanglement is not observable by others. The protocol is useful for\ninformation hiding applications, such as partnership bidding with allocative\nexternality or concerns about revealing bidding preferences. The protocol\napplies to a variety of auction types, e.g., first or second price, and to\nauctions involving either a single item or arbitrary bundles of items (i.e.,\ncombinatorial auctions). We analyze the game-theoretical behavior of the\nquantum protocol for the simple case of a sealed-bid quantum, and show how a\nsuitably designed adiabatic search reduces the possibilities for bidders to\ngame the auction. This design illustrates how incentive rather that\ncomputational constraints affect quantum algorithm choices.\n" }, { "id": "014a0d23-7232-4bb4-8d61-75ae5a5146e6", "adv_source_id": "014a0d23-7232-4bb4-8d61-75ae5a5146e6", "source_id": "014a0d23-7232-4bb4-8d61-75ae5a5146e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Comparing artificial frustrated magnets: tuning symmetry in nanomagnet\n arrays", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the impact of geometry on magnetostatically frustrated single-domain\nnanomagnet arrays. We examine square and hexagonal lattice arrays, as well as a\nbrickwork geometry that combines the anisotropy of the square lattice and the\ntopology of the hexagonal lattice. We find that the more highly frustrated\nhexagonal lattice allows for the most thorough minimization of the\nmagnetostatic energy, and that the pair-wise correlations between moments\ndiffer qualitatively between hexagonal and brickwork lattices, although they\nshare the same lattice topology. The results indicate that the symmetry of\nlocal interaction is more important than overall lattice topology in the\naccommodation of frustrated interactions.\n" }, { "id": "223d85d2-bd4b-4a3e-b45d-fd4882c2b1b6", "adv_source_id": "223d85d2-bd4b-4a3e-b45d-fd4882c2b1b6", "source_id": "223d85d2-bd4b-4a3e-b45d-fd4882c2b1b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Metamagnetism and 1/3 Plateau in the Spin Chain Compound CoV2O6", "prompt": null, "generation": " The pseudo-one dimensional brannerite type compound CoV2O6 has been studied\nby magnetisation and heat capacity measurements in the temperature range 1.8 <\nT < 300 K and in applied fields of up to 9 T. Our measurements show an unusual\nbalance of exchange interactions (CW= 2.8(2) K) and a single antiferromagnetic\ntransition at TN = 7 K. M(H) isotherms recorded below 5 K show a metamagnetic\ntransition and a 1/3 magnetisation plateau. From 5-7 K, only the metamagnetic\ntransition is observed. For T < TN < ~ 25 K, our heat capacity and\nmagnetisation measurements show evidence for strong low dimensional\nferromagnetic fluctuations. We propose a simple phase diagram, discuss the\nprinciple features and emphasise the importance of Ising anisotropy.\n" }, { "id": "5da01500-1616-494e-8fc1-69d3549ddd17", "adv_source_id": "5da01500-1616-494e-8fc1-69d3549ddd17", "source_id": "5da01500-1616-494e-8fc1-69d3549ddd17", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitational waves versus black holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is argued that, in order for the gravitational field to be propagated as a\nwave, it is necessary for it to satisfy a further set of field equations, in\naddition to those of Einstein and Hilbert, and these equations mean there is a\npreferred coordinate frame, called the Global Inertial Frame, giving rise to a\nunique metric . The implication is that a true gravitational field is not\ncompatible with Einstein's Principle of Equivalence, which is in contradiction\nwith his other fundamental concept of locality. The additional field equations\nensure that gravitational collapse does not go below the Schwarzschild radius,\nthereby excluding the possibility of singular solutions (black holes) of the\nEinstein-Hilbert equations. Such solutions would also violate Einstein's\nlocality principle.\n" }, { "id": "9f0f49e1-3e63-4d0c-b183-0248a960c709", "adv_source_id": "9f0f49e1-3e63-4d0c-b183-0248a960c709", "source_id": "9f0f49e1-3e63-4d0c-b183-0248a960c709", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-sensitive Long-ranged Proximity Effect for Triplet Superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " The discovery of noncentrosymmetric superconductors, such as CePt$_3$Si, and\nchiral superconductors, such as Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, calls for experimental methods\nto identify the presence of spin-triplet pairing. We here demonstrate a method\nwhich accomplishes this in an appealingly simple manner: a spin-sensitive\nproximity effect in a ferromagnet$\\mid$triplet superconductor bilayer. It is\nshown how the orientation of the field can be used to unambiguously distinguish\nbetween different spin-triplet states. Moreover, the proximity effect becomes\nlong-ranged in spite of the presence of an exchange field and even without any\nmagnetic inhomogeneities, in contrast to conventional S$\\mid$F junctions. Our\nresults can be verified by STM-spectroscopy and could be useful as a tool to\ncharacterize the pairing state in unconventional superconducting materials.\n" }, { "id": "df6e802b-e3a4-47db-9538-3a9a70854bdf", "adv_source_id": "df6e802b-e3a4-47db-9538-3a9a70854bdf", "source_id": "df6e802b-e3a4-47db-9538-3a9a70854bdf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge: different stellar populations\n and possible gradients", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute the chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge to explain the\nexistence of two main stellar populations recently observed. After comparing\nmodel results and observational data we suggest that the old more metal poor\nstellar population formed very fast (on a timescale of 0.1-0.3 Gyr) by means of\nan intense burst of star formation and an initial mass function flatter than in\nthe solar vicinity whereas the metal rich population formed on a longer\ntimescale (3 Gyr). We predict differences in the mean abundances of the two\npopulations (-0.52 dex for <[Fe/H]>) which can be interpreted as a metallicity\ngradients. We also predict possible gradients for Fe, O, Mg, Si, S and Ba\nbetween sub-populations inside the metal poor population itself (e.g. -0.145\ndex for <[Fe/H]>). Finally, by means of a chemo-dynamical model following a\ndissipational collapse, we predict a gradient inside 500 pc from the Galactic\ncenter of -0.26 dex kpc^{-1} in Fe.\n" }, { "id": "463dee3d-38f1-4b42-b7db-42c5dc8720d0", "adv_source_id": "463dee3d-38f1-4b42-b7db-42c5dc8720d0", "source_id": "463dee3d-38f1-4b42-b7db-42c5dc8720d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A simple, low-cost, data-logging pendulum built from a computer mouse", "prompt": null, "generation": " Lessons and homework problems involving a pendulum are often a big part of\nintroductory physics classes and laboratory courses from high school to\nundergraduate levels. Although laboratory equipment for pendulum experiments is\ncommercially available, it is often expensive and may not be affordable for\nteachers on fixed budgets, particularly in developing countries. We present a\nlow-cost, easy-to-build rotary sensor pendulum using the existing hardware in a\nball-type computer mouse. We demonstrate how this apparatus may be used to\nmeasure both the frequency and coefficient of damping of a simple physical\npendulum. This easily constructed laboratory equipment makes it possible for\nall students to have hands-on experience with one of the most important simple\nphysical systems.\n" }, { "id": "13462e5a-6536-4fd7-a06f-c350ddcbbf70", "adv_source_id": "13462e5a-6536-4fd7-a06f-c350ddcbbf70", "source_id": "13462e5a-6536-4fd7-a06f-c350ddcbbf70", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A study of contact binaries with large temperature differencies between\n components", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an extensive analysis of new light and radial-velocity (RV)\ncurves, as well as high-quality broadening-function (BF) profiles of twelve\nbinary systems for which a contact configuration with large temperature\ndifferencies between components has been reported in the literature. We find\nthat six systems (V1010 Oph, WZ Cyg, VV Cet, DO Cas, FS Lup, V747 Cen) have\nnear-contact configurations. For the remaining systems (CX Vir, FT Lup, BV Eri,\nFO Hya, CN And, BX And), our solutions of the new observations once again\nconverge in a contact configuration with large temperature differencies between\nthe components. However, the bright regions discovered in the BFs for V747 Cen,\nCX Vir, FT Lup, BV Eri, FO Hya, and CN And, and further attributed to hot\nspots, shed new light on the physical processes taking place between the\ncomponents and imply the possibility that the contact configurations obtained\nfrom light- and RV-curve modelling are a spurious result.\n" }, { "id": "fea2bbb1-acd6-46bc-9767-e0c04faaac04", "adv_source_id": "fea2bbb1-acd6-46bc-9767-e0c04faaac04", "source_id": "fea2bbb1-acd6-46bc-9767-e0c04faaac04", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Distribution of entanglement in light-harvesting complexes and their\n quantum efficiency", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent evidence of electronic coherence during energy transfer in\nphotosynthetic antenna complexes has reinvigorated the discussion of whether\ncoherence and/or entanglement has any practical functionality for these\nmolecular systems. Here we investigate quantitative relationships between the\nquantum yield of a light-harvesting complex and the distribution of\nentanglement among its components. Our study focusses on the entanglement yield\nor average entanglement surviving a time scale comparable to the average\nexcitation trapping time. As a prototype system we consider the\nFenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein of green sulphur bacteria and show that\nthere is an inverse relationship between the quantum efficiency and the average\nentanglement between distant donor sites. Our results suggest that longlasting\nelectronic coherence among distant donors might help modulation of the\nlightharvesting function.\n" }, { "id": "e14a6ccb-2dc1-4f82-a1de-d305f3290e43", "adv_source_id": "e14a6ccb-2dc1-4f82-a1de-d305f3290e43", "source_id": "e14a6ccb-2dc1-4f82-a1de-d305f3290e43", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ore's Conjecture on color-critical graphs is almost true", "prompt": null, "generation": " A graph $G$ is $k$-critical if it has chromatic number $k$, but every proper\nsubgraph of $G$ is $(k-1)$--colorable. Let $f_k(n)$ denote the minimum number\nof edges in an $n$-vertex $k$-critical graph. We give a lower bound, $f_k(n)\n\\geq F(k,n)$, that is sharp for every $n=1 ({\\rm mod} k-1)$. It is also sharp\nfor $k=4$ and every $n\\geq 6$. The result improves the classical bounds by\nGallai and Dirac and subsequent bounds by Krivelevich and Kostochka and\nStiebitz. It establishes the asymptotics of $f_k(n)$ for every fixed $k$. It\nalso proves that the conjecture by Ore from 1967 that for every $k\\geq 4$ and\n$n\\geq k+2$, $f_k(n+k-1)=f(n)+\\frac{k-1}{2}(k - \\frac{2}{k-1})$ holds for each\n$k\\geq 4$ for all but at most $k^3/12$ values of $n$. We give a polynomial-time\nalgorithm for $(k-1)$-coloring a graph $G$ that satisfies $|E(G[W])| <\nF_k(|W|)$ for all $W \\subseteq V(G)$, $|W| \\geq k$. We also present some\napplications of the result.\n" }, { "id": "8c3d3fcb-c67a-494c-ab76-9b3bf6e674b3", "adv_source_id": "8c3d3fcb-c67a-494c-ab76-9b3bf6e674b3", "source_id": "8c3d3fcb-c67a-494c-ab76-9b3bf6e674b3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Codeword stabilized quantum codes on subsystems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Codeword stabilized quantum codes provide a unified approach to constructing\nquantum error-correcting codes, including both additive and non-additive\nquantum codes. Standard codeword stabilized quantum codes encode quantum\ninformation into subspaces. The more general notion of encoding quantum\ninformation into a subsystem is known as an operator (or subsystem) quantum\nerror correcting code. Most operator codes studied to date are based in the\nusual stabilizer formalism. We introduce operator quantum codes based on the\ncodeword stabilized quantum code framework. Based on the necessary and\nsufficient conditions for operator quantum error correction, we derive a error\ncorrection condition for operator codeword stabilized quantum codes. Based on\nthis condition, the word operators of a operator codeword stabilized quantum\ncode are constructed from a set of classical binary errors induced by\ngenerators of the gauge group. We use this scheme to construct examples of both\nadditive and non-additive codes that encode quantum information into a\nsubsystem.\n" }, { "id": "2bef3546-4585-4be7-a310-f48534d527ff", "adv_source_id": "2bef3546-4585-4be7-a310-f48534d527ff", "source_id": "2bef3546-4585-4be7-a310-f48534d527ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Higgs boson resonance width from a chiral Higgs-Yukawa model on the\n lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Higgs boson is a central part of the electroweak theory and is crucial to\ngenerate masses for quarks, leptons and the weak gauge bosons. We use a\n4-dimensional Euclidean lattice formulation of the Higgs-Yukawa sector of the\nelectroweak model to compute physical quantities in the path integral approach\nwhich is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations thus allowing for fully\nnon perturbative calculations. The chiral symmetry of the model is incorporated\nby using the Neuberger overlap Dirac operator. The here considered Higgs-Yukawa\nmodel does not involve the weak gauge bosons and furthermore, only a degenerate\ndoublet of top- and bottom quarks are incorporated. The goal of this work is to\nstudy the resonance properties of the Higgs boson and its sensitivity to the\nstrength of the quartic self coupling.\n" }, { "id": "e4fe5e36-48a5-4825-9595-4f910a49eb67", "adv_source_id": "e4fe5e36-48a5-4825-9595-4f910a49eb67", "source_id": "e4fe5e36-48a5-4825-9595-4f910a49eb67", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A general stochastic model for sporophytic self-incompatibility", "prompt": null, "generation": " Disentangling the processes leading populations to extinction is a major\ntopic in ecology and conservation biology. The difficulty to find a mate in\nmany species is one of these processes. Here, we investigate the impact of\nself-incompatibility in flowering plants, where several inter-compatible\nclasses of individuals exist but individuals of the same class cannot mate. We\nmodel pollen limitation through different relationships between mate\navailability and fertilization success. After deriving a general stochastic\nmodel, we focus on the simple case of distylous plant species where only two\nclasses of individuals exist. We first study the dynamics of such a species in\na large population limit and then, we look for an approximation of the\nextinction probability in small populations. This leads us to consider\ninhomogeneous random walks on the positive quadrant. We compare the dynamics of\ndistylous species to self-fertile species with and without inbreeding\ndepression, to obtain the conditions under which self-incompatible species\ncould be less sensitive to extinction while they can suffer more pollen\nlimitation.\n" }, { "id": "6e6982d5-4ec4-45a8-ae1b-bd19da74c7a2", "adv_source_id": "6e6982d5-4ec4-45a8-ae1b-bd19da74c7a2", "source_id": "6e6982d5-4ec4-45a8-ae1b-bd19da74c7a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermi-LAT Observation of Quiescent Solar Emission", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Large Area Telescope (LAT), one of two instruments on the Fermi Gamma-ray\nSpace Telescope is a pair-conversion detector designed to study the gamma-ray\nsky in the energy range 30 MeV to 300 GeV. Fermi has detected high-energy gamma\nrays from the quiet Sun produced by interactions of cosmic-ray nucleons with\nthe solar surface, and cosmic-ray electrons with solar photons in the\nheliosphere. While the Sun was detected by EGRET on CGRO with low statistics,\nFermi provides high-quality detections on a daily basis allowing variability to\nbe addressed. Such observations will provide a probe of the extreme conditions\nnear the solar surface and a monitor the modulation of cosmic rays over the\ninner heliosphere. We discuss the study of the quiescent solar emission\nincluding spectral analysis of its two components, disk and inverse Compton.\n" }, { "id": "a5a7c76f-cab9-4198-a64b-f63f26553b66", "adv_source_id": "a5a7c76f-cab9-4198-a64b-f63f26553b66", "source_id": "a5a7c76f-cab9-4198-a64b-f63f26553b66", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entropic Measure and Wasserstein Diffusion", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct a new random probability measure on the sphere and on the unit\ninterval which in both cases has a Gibbs structure with the relative entropy\nfunctional as Hamiltonian. It satisfies a quasi-invariance formula with respect\nto the action of smooth diffeomorphism of the sphere and the interval\nrespectively. The associated integration by parts formula is used to construct\ntwo classes of diffusion processes on probability measures (on the sphere or\nthe unit interval) by Dirichlet form methods. The first one is closely related\nto Malliavin's Brownian motion on the homeomorphism group. The second one is a\nprobability valued stochastic perturbation of the heat flow, whose intrinsic\nmetric is the quadratic Wasserstein distance. It may be regarded as the\ncanonical diffusion process on the Wasserstein space.\n" }, { "id": "1cf6f476-57d0-4711-ab0b-cc2c4208f502", "adv_source_id": "1cf6f476-57d0-4711-ab0b-cc2c4208f502", "source_id": "1cf6f476-57d0-4711-ab0b-cc2c4208f502", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Proof of the Caratheodory Conjecture", "prompt": null, "generation": " A well-known conjecture of Caratheodory states that the number of umbilic\npoints on a closed convex surface in ${\\mathbb E}^3$ must be greater than one.\nIn this paper we prove this for $C^{3+\\alpha}$-smooth surfaces. The Conjecture\nis first reformulated in terms of complex points on a Lagrangian surface in\n$TS^2$, viewed as the space of oriented geodesics in ${\\mathbb E}^3$. Here\ncomplex and Lagrangian refer to the canonical neutral Kaehler structure on\n$TS^2$. We then prove that the existence of a closed convex surface with only\none umbilic point implies the existence of a totally real Lagrangian hemisphere\nin $TS^2$, to which it is not possible to attach the edge of a holomorphic\ndisc. The main step in the proof is to establish the existence of a holomorphic\ndisc with edge contained on any given totally real Lagrangian hemisphere. To\nconstruct the holomorphic disc we utilize mean curvature flow with respect to\nthe neutral metric. Long-time existence of this flow is proven by a priori\nestimates and we show that the flowing disc is asymptotically holomorphic.\nExistence of a holomorphic disc is then deduced from Schauder estimates.\n" }, { "id": "e21d8610-41c1-4a16-b70f-90635a6cf806", "adv_source_id": "e21d8610-41c1-4a16-b70f-90635a6cf806", "source_id": "e21d8610-41c1-4a16-b70f-90635a6cf806", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum quench dynamics and population inversion in bilayer graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " The gap in bilayer graphene (BLG) can directly be controlled by a\nperpendicular electric field. By tuning the field through zero at a finite rate\nin neutral BLG, excited states are produced. Due to screening, the resulting\ndynamics is determined by coupled non-linear Landau-Zener models. The generated\ndefect density agrees with Kibble-Zurek theory in the presence of subleading\nlogarithmic corrections. After the quench, population inversion occurs for\nwavevectors close to the Dirac point. This could, at least in principle provide\na coherent source of infra-red radiation with tunable spectral properties\n(frequency and broadening). Cold atoms with quadratic band crossing exhibit the\nsame dynamics.\n" }, { "id": "3f45147a-410c-4533-865e-ce1c8d4bc4ba", "adv_source_id": "3f45147a-410c-4533-865e-ce1c8d4bc4ba", "source_id": "3f45147a-410c-4533-865e-ce1c8d4bc4ba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Acoustic vibrations of anisotropic nanoparticles", "prompt": null, "generation": " Acoustic vibrations of nanoparticles made of materials with anisotropic\nelasticity and nanoparticles with non-spherical shapes are theoretically\ninvestigated using a homogeneous continuum model. Cubic, hexagonal and\ntetragonal symmetries of the elasticity are discussed, as are spheroidal,\ncuboctahedral and truncated cuboctahedral shapes. Tools are described to\nclassify the different vibrations and for example help identify the modes\nhaving a significant low-frequency Raman scattering cross-section. Continuous\nevolutions of the modes starting from those of an isotropic sphere coupled with\nthe determination of the irreducible representation of the branches permit some\nqualitative statements to be made about the nature of various modes. For\nspherical nanoparticles, a more accurate picture is obtained through\nprojections onto the vibrations of an isotropic sphere.\n" }, { "id": "74a263bd-05ec-4a8d-a57c-af7402003f66", "adv_source_id": "74a263bd-05ec-4a8d-a57c-af7402003f66", "source_id": "74a263bd-05ec-4a8d-a57c-af7402003f66", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Random and Longest Paths: Unnoticed Motifs of Complex Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Paths are important structural elements in complex networks because they are\nfinite (unlike walks), related to effective node coverage (minimum spanning\ntrees), and can be understood as being dual to star connectivity. This article\nintroduces the concept of random path applies it for the investigation of\nstructural properties of complex networks and as the means to estimate the\nlongest path. Random paths are obtained by selecting one of the network nodes\nat random and performing a random self-avoiding walk (here called path-walk)\nuntil its termination. It is shown that the distribution of random paths are\nmarkedly different for diverse complex network models (i.e. Erdos-Renyi,\nBarabasi-Albert, Watts-Strogatz, a geographical model, as well as two recently\nintroduced path-based network types), with the BA structures yielding the\nshortest random walks, while the longest paths are produced by WS networks.\nRandom paths are also explored as the means to estimate the longest paths (i.e.\nseveral random paths are obtained and the longest taken). The convergence to\nthe longest path and its properties ire characterized with respect to several\nnetworks models. Several results are reported and discussed, including the\nmarkedly distinct lengths of the longest paths obtained for the different\nnetwork models.\n" }, { "id": "2c31d80d-9597-4f07-8c62-e56803fa741b", "adv_source_id": "2c31d80d-9597-4f07-8c62-e56803fa741b", "source_id": "2c31d80d-9597-4f07-8c62-e56803fa741b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generation of Narrow-Band Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs for Atomic\n Quantum Memories", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report an experimental realization of a narrow-band polarization-entangled\nphoton source with a linewidth of 9.6 MHz through cavity-enhanced spontaneous\nparametric down-conversion. This linewidth is comparable to the typical\nlinewidth of atomic ensemble based quantum memories. Single-mode output is\nrealized by setting a reasonable cavity length difference between different\npolarizations, using of temperature controlled etalons and actively stabilizing\nthe cavity. The entangled property is characterized with quantum state\ntomography, giving a fidelity of 94% between our state and a maximally\nentangled state. The coherence length is directly measured to be 32 m through\ntwo-photon interference.\n" }, { "id": "d3d43b3d-c16b-4c49-9962-5b9408921593", "adv_source_id": "d3d43b3d-c16b-4c49-9962-5b9408921593", "source_id": "d3d43b3d-c16b-4c49-9962-5b9408921593", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kondo temperature and screening extension in a double dot system", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work we use the Slave Boson Mean Field Approximation at finite U to\nstudy the effects of spin-spin correlations in the transport properties of two\nquantum dots coupled in series to metallic leads. Different quantum regimes of\nthis system are studied in a wide range of parameter space. The main aspects\nrelated to the interplay between the half-filling Kondo effect and the\nantiferromagnetic correlation between the quantum dots are reviewed. Slave\nboson results for conductance, local density of states in the quantum dots, and\nthe renormalized energy parameters, are presented. As a different approach to\nthe Kondo physics in a double dot system, the Kondo cloud extension inside the\nmetallic leads is calculated and its dependence with the inter-dot coupling is\nanalyzed. In addition, the cloud extension permits the calculation of the Kondo\ntemperature of the double quantum dot. This result is very similar to the\ncorresponding critical temperature $T_c$, as a function of the parameters of\nthe system, as obtained by using the finite temperature extension of the Slave\nBoson Mean Field Approximation.\n" }, { "id": "d8f859fb-c1a5-4bf4-97b7-2da5abedf03e", "adv_source_id": "d8f859fb-c1a5-4bf4-97b7-2da5abedf03e", "source_id": "d8f859fb-c1a5-4bf4-97b7-2da5abedf03e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Plasma wave undulator for laser-accelerated electrons", "prompt": null, "generation": " Laser-plasma accelerators have become compact sources of ultrashort electron\nbunches at energies up to the gigaelectronvolt range thanks to the remarkable\nprogress made over the past decade. A direct application of these electron\nbunches is the production of short pulse x-ray radiation sources. In this\nletter, we study a fully optically driven x-ray source based on the combination\nof a laser-plasma accelerator and a plasma wave undulator. The longitudinal\nelectric field of a laser-generated plasma wave is used to wiggle electrons\ntransversally. The period of this plasma undulator being equal to the plasma\nwavelength, tunable photon energies in the 10 keV range can be achieved with\nelectron energies in the 100-200 MeV range. Considering a 10s TW class\nfemtosecond laser system, undulators with a strength parameter K~0.5 and with\nabout ten periods can be combined with a laser-plasma accelerator, resulting in\nseveral 10^-2 emitted x-ray photons per electron.\n" }, { "id": "4e9fa538-48ff-4e2d-97a3-29ea3d14ab05", "adv_source_id": "4e9fa538-48ff-4e2d-97a3-29ea3d14ab05", "source_id": "4e9fa538-48ff-4e2d-97a3-29ea3d14ab05", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stability, Adiabaticity and Transfer efficiency in a nonlinear\n \\Lambda-system", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the relationship between stability, adiabaticity and transfer\nefficiency in a \\Lambda-type atom-molecule coupling system via a nonlinear\nstimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We find that only when the pump and control\nlasers overlap in time domain, the coherent population trapping (CPT) state\ncould become unstable. If the overlapping time of the two lasers is short so\nthat unstable growth of the deviation from the CPT state is negligible, then\ngood adiabaticity of the CPT state could be maintained even in the unstable\nregion. In this case, a high atom-molecule transfer efficiency could be\nobtained by chirping applied laser pulses to elegantly compensate the frequency\nshift induced by intra-atomic collision. Our results could be useful for\nefficiently photoassociating ground-state molecules from a cold atomic gas with\nstrong atom-atom collisional interaction.\n" }, { "id": "41609029-a155-4dc9-acce-d95e0f51c0ba", "adv_source_id": "41609029-a155-4dc9-acce-d95e0f51c0ba", "source_id": "41609029-a155-4dc9-acce-d95e0f51c0ba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On affine motions and bar frameworks in general position", "prompt": null, "generation": " A configuration p in r-dimensional Euclidean space is a finite collection of\npoints (p^1,...,p^n) that affinely span R^r. A bar framework, denoted by G(p),\nin R^r is a simple graph G on n vertices together with a configuration p in\nR^r. A given bar framework G(p) is said to be universally rigid if there does\nnot exist another configuration q in any Euclidean space, not obtained from p\nby a rigid motion, such that ||q^i-q^j||=||p^i-p^j|| for each edge (i,j) of G.\nIt is known that if configuration p is generic and bar framework G(p) in R^r\nadmits a positive semidefinite stress matrix S of rank n-r-1, then G(p) is\nuniversally rigid. Connelly asked whether the same result holds true if the\ngenericity assumption of p is replaced by the weather assumption of general\nposition. We answer this question in the affirmative in this paper.\n" }, { "id": "706de593-1edf-4b9f-8965-87c0340e15b4", "adv_source_id": "706de593-1edf-4b9f-8965-87c0340e15b4", "source_id": "706de593-1edf-4b9f-8965-87c0340e15b4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Individual behavioral rules sustain the cell allocation pattern in the\n combs of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the beeswax combs of honey bees, the cells of brood, pollen, and honey\nhave a consistent spatial pattern that is sustained throughout the life of a\ncolony. This spatial pattern is believed to emerge from simple behavioral rules\nthat specify how the queen moves, where foragers deposit honey/pollen and how\nhoney/pollen is consumed from cells. Prior work has shown that a set of such\nrules can explain the formation of the allocation pattern starting from an\nempty comb. We show that these rules cannot maintain the pattern once the brood\nstart to vacate their cells, and we propose new, biologically realistic rules\nthat better sustain the observed allocation pattern. We analyze the three\nresulting models by performing hundreds of simulation runs over many\ngestational periods and a wide range of parameter values. We develop new\nmetrics for pattern assessment and employ them in analyzing pattern retention\nover each simulation run. Applied to our simulation results, these metrics show\nalteration of an accepted model for honey/pollen consumption based on local\ninformation can stabilize the cell allocation pattern over time. We also show\nthat adding global information, by biasing the queen's movements towards the\ncenter of the comb, expands the parameter regime over which pattern retention\noccurs.\n" }, { "id": "3f4b2ec5-617f-4df8-94bc-d8a3f90a81b2", "adv_source_id": "3f4b2ec5-617f-4df8-94bc-d8a3f90a81b2", "source_id": "3f4b2ec5-617f-4df8-94bc-d8a3f90a81b2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "X-ray softening in the new X-ray transient XTE J1719-291 during its 2008\n outburst decay", "prompt": null, "generation": " The X-ray transient XTE J1719-291 was discovered with RXTE/PCA during its\noutburst in 2008 March, which lasted at least 46 days. Its 2-10 keV peak\nluminosity is 7E35 erg/s assuming a distance of 8 kpc, which classifies the\nsystem as a very faint X-ray transient. The outburst was monitored with Swift,\nRXTE, Chandra and XMM-Newton. We analysed the X-ray spectral evolution during\nthe outburst. We fitted the overall data with a simple power-law model\ncorrected for absorption and found that the spectrum softened with decreasing\nluminosity. However, the XMM-Newton spectrum can not be fitted with a simple\none-component model, but it can be fitted with a thermal component (black body\nor disc black body) plus power-law model affected by absorption. Therefore, the\nsoftening of the X-ray spectrum with decreasing X-ray luminosity might be due\nto a change in photon index or alternatively it might be due to a change in the\nproperties of the soft component. Assuming that the system is an X-ray binary,\nwe estimated a long-term time-averaged mass accretion rate of ~ 7.7E-13\nM_sun/yr for a neutron star as compact object and ~ 3.7E10-13 M_sun/yr in the\ncase of a black hole. Although no conclusive evidence is available about the\nnature of the accretor, based on the X-ray/optical luminosity ratio we\ntentatively suggest that a neutron star is present in this system.\n" }, { "id": "06a66811-6082-40bd-aafd-0a8d5a466e32", "adv_source_id": "06a66811-6082-40bd-aafd-0a8d5a466e32", "source_id": "06a66811-6082-40bd-aafd-0a8d5a466e32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Comment on \"Raman spectra of misoriented bilayer graphene\"", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. B 78, 113407 (2008)], Poncharal et al. studied\nthe Raman spectra of misoriented bilayer graphene. They found that the\nblueshift of 2D band of misoriented graphene relative to that of single layer\ngraphene shows a strong dependence on the excitation laser energy. The\nblueshift increases with decreasing excitation energy. This finding contradicts\nour explanation of reduction of Fermi velocity of folded/misoriented graphene\n[Ni et al. Phys. Rev. B 77, 235403 (2008)]. In this comment, we present more\nexperimental results from our group as well as from others to show that the\nblueshift is indeed only weakly dependent on excitation energy. We therefore\nsuggest that our explanation of 2D blushift of folded graphene due to reduction\nof Fermi velocity is still valid.\n" }, { "id": "ce592ec3-d849-4e52-8cb5-8e2dd98fe079", "adv_source_id": "ce592ec3-d849-4e52-8cb5-8e2dd98fe079", "source_id": "ce592ec3-d849-4e52-8cb5-8e2dd98fe079", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dirac field on Moyal-Minkowski spacetime and non-commutative potential\n scattering", "prompt": null, "generation": " The quantized free Dirac field is considered on Minkowski spacetime (of\ngeneral dimension). The Dirac field is coupled to an external scalar potential\nwhose support is finite in time and which acts by a Moyal-deformed\nmultiplication with respect to the spatial variables. The Moyal-deformed\nmultiplication corresponds to the product of the algebra of a Moyal plane\ndescribed in the setting of spectral geometry. It will be explained how this\nleads to an interpretation of the Dirac field as a quantum field theory on\nMoyal-deformed Minkowski spacetime (with commutative time) in a setting of\nLorentzian spectral geometries of which some basic aspects will be sketched.\nThe scattering transformation will be shown to be unitarily implementable in\nthe canonical vacuum representation of the Dirac field. Furthermore, it will be\nindicated how the functional derivatives of the ensuing unitary scattering\noperators with respect to the strength of the non-commutative potential induce,\nin the spirit of Bogoliubov's formula, quantum field operators (corresponding\nto observables) depending on the elements of the non-commutative algebra of\nMoyal-Minkowski spacetime.\n" }, { "id": "6b15c2fa-da15-4316-a8f7-743bb114b3ef", "adv_source_id": "6b15c2fa-da15-4316-a8f7-743bb114b3ef", "source_id": "6b15c2fa-da15-4316-a8f7-743bb114b3ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some Directions beyond Traditional Quantum Secret Sharing", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate two directions beyond the traditional quantum secret sharing\n(QSS). First, a restriction on QSS that comes from the no-cloning theorem is\nthat any pair of authorized sets in an access structure should overlap. From\nthe viewpoint of application, this places an unnatural constraint on secret\nsharing. We present a generalization, called assisted QSS (AQSS), where access\nstructures without pairwise overlap of authorized sets is permissible, provided\nsome shares are withheld by the share dealer. We show that no more than\n$\\lambda-1$ withheld shares are required, where $\\lambda$ is the minimum number\nof {\\em partially linked classes} among the authorized sets for the QSS. Our\nresult means that such applications of QSS need not be thwarted by the\nno-cloning theorem. Secondly, we point out a way of combining the features of\nQSS and quantum key distribution (QKD) for applications where a classical\ninformation is shared by quantum means. We observe that in such case, it is\noften possible to reduce the security proof of QSS to that of QKD.\n" }, { "id": "df113446-ec1e-4372-b583-075196316d03", "adv_source_id": "df113446-ec1e-4372-b583-075196316d03", "source_id": "df113446-ec1e-4372-b583-075196316d03", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Real-time characterization of gated-mode single-photon detectors", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a characterization method for the overall detection efficiency,\nafterpulse and dark count probabilities of single-photon counting modules in\nreal-time with simple instrumentation. This method can be applied when the\nmodule is running in its intended application, and is based on monitoring the\nstatistics of the times between consecutive detections. A mathematical model is\nderived and fit to the data statistical distribution to simultaneously extract\nthe characterization parameters. The feasibility of our scheme is demonstrated\nby performing measurements on three commercial devices based on cooled InGaAs\nAPD operating in gated mode. Different statistical ensemble lengths were\nanalyzed and results assess the scheme for real-time application.\n" }, { "id": "5d905e86-f957-46c0-9c8c-d6694c079238", "adv_source_id": "5d905e86-f957-46c0-9c8c-d6694c079238", "source_id": "5d905e86-f957-46c0-9c8c-d6694c079238", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Heavy lepton pair production at LHC: model discrimination with\n multi-lepton signals", "prompt": null, "generation": " If new leptons exist close to the electroweak scale, they can be produced in\npairs at LHC through standard or new interactions. We study the production of\nheavy lepton pairs in SM extensions with: (i) a Majorana or Dirac lepton\ntriplet, as those appearing in type-III seesaw; (ii) a lepton isodoublet\n(N,E)_{L,R}; (iii) a charged isosinglet E_{L,R}; (iv) a Majorana or Dirac\nneutrino singlet N and an additional Z' gauge boson. It is shown that the\ntrilepton final state l+-l+-l-+, which has a small SM background, constitutes\nthe golden channel for heavy neutrino searches, being very sensitive to\nMajorana or Dirac neutrinos in triplet, doublet or singlet SU(2)_L\nrepresentations. For higher luminosities, signals in this final state can also\ndistinguish lepton triplets from doublets and singlets. The Majorana or Dirac\nnature of the heavy neutrinos is revealed by the presence or not of like-sign\ndilepton l+-l+- signals without significant missing energy. Notably, l+-l+-\nsignals but with large missing energy are characteristic of Dirac triplets,\ndistinguishing them from the other two models with a heavy Dirac neutrino.\nFurther discrimination is achieved with the analysis of the clean l+l+l-l-\nfinal state.\n" }, { "id": "643f7399-646b-4caa-9d92-ac6bf299342b", "adv_source_id": "643f7399-646b-4caa-9d92-ac6bf299342b", "source_id": "643f7399-646b-4caa-9d92-ac6bf299342b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measuring the cosmological bulk flow using the peculiar velocities of\n supernovae", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study large-scale coherent motion in our universe using the existing Type\nIA supernovae data. If the recently observed bulk flow is real, then some\nimprint must be left on supernovae motion. We run a series of Monte Carlo\nMarkov Chain runs in various redshift bins and find a sharp contrast between\nthe z < 0.05 and z > 0.05 data. The$z < 0.05 data are consistent with the bulk\nflow in the direction (l,b)=({290^{+39}_{-31}}^{\\circ},\n{20^{+32}_{-32}}^{\\circ}) with a magnitude of v_bulk = 188^{+119}_{-103} km/s\nat 68% confidence. The significance of detection (compared to the null\nhypothesis) is 95%. In contrast, z > 0.05 data (which contains 425 of the 557\nsupernovae in the Union2 data set) show no evidence for bulk flow. While the\ndirection of the bulk flow agrees very well with previous studies, the\nmagnitude is significantly smaller. For example, the Kashlinsky, et al.'s\noriginal bulk flow result of v_bulk > 600 km/s is inconsistent with our\nanalysis at greater than 99.7% confidence level. Furthermore, our best-fit bulk\nflow velocity is consistent with the expectation for the \\Lambda CDM model,\nwhich lies inside the 68% confidence limit.\n" }, { "id": "a4ee74ce-314f-4f69-9fe9-96fd97a7b698", "adv_source_id": "a4ee74ce-314f-4f69-9fe9-96fd97a7b698", "source_id": "a4ee74ce-314f-4f69-9fe9-96fd97a7b698", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scale-Free Structure Emerging from Co-Evolution of a Network and the\n Concentration of Diffusive Resources on It", "prompt": null, "generation": " Co-evolution exhibited by a network system, involving the intricate interplay\nbetween the dynamics of the network itself and the subsystems connected by it,\nis a key concept for understanding the self-organized, flexible nature of\nreal-world network systems. We propose a simple model of such co-evolving\nnetwork dynamics, in which the diffusion of a resource over a weighted network\nand the resource-driven evolution of the link weights occur simultaneously. We\ndemonstrate that, under feasible conditions, the network robustly acquires\nscale-free characteristics in the asymptotic state. Interestingly, in the case\nthat the system includes dissipation, it asymptotically realizes a dynamical\nphase characterized by an organized scale-free network, in which the ranking of\neach node with respect to the quantity of the resource possessed thereby\nchanges ceaselessly. Our model offers a unified framework for understanding\nsome real-world diffusion-driven network systems of diverse types.\n" }, { "id": "286c3806-f3da-4b95-9ccd-638e158cce55", "adv_source_id": "286c3806-f3da-4b95-9ccd-638e158cce55", "source_id": "286c3806-f3da-4b95-9ccd-638e158cce55", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Brylinski filtration for affine Kac-Moody algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " Braverman and Finkelberg have recently proposed a conjectural analogue of the\ngeometric Satake isomorphism for untwisted affine Kac-Moody groups. As part of\ntheir model, they conjecture that (at dominant weights) Lusztig's q-analog of\nweight multiplicity is equal to the Poincare series of the principal nilpotent\nfiltration of the weight space, as occurs in the finite-dimensional case. We\nshow that the conjectured equality holds for all affine Kac-Moody algebras if\nthe principal nilpotent filtration is replaced by the principal Heisenberg\nfiltration. The main body of the proof is a Lie algebra cohomology vanishing\nresult. We also give an example to show that the Poincare series of the\nprincipal nilpotent filtration is not always equal to the q-analog of weight\nmultiplicity. Finally, we give some partial results for indefinite Kac-Moody\nalgebras.\n" }, { "id": "97f58933-6c85-4895-9dc3-ddedc771eb8a", "adv_source_id": "97f58933-6c85-4895-9dc3-ddedc771eb8a", "source_id": "97f58933-6c85-4895-9dc3-ddedc771eb8a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Affine Stanley symmetric functions for classical types", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce affine Stanley symmetric functions for the special orthogonal\ngroups, a class of symmetric functions that model the cohomology of the affine\nGrassmannian, continuing the work of Lam and Lam, Schilling, and Shimozono on\nthe special linear and symplectic groups, respectively. For the odd orthogonal\ngroups, a Hopf-algebra isomorphism is given, identifying (co)homology Schubert\nclasses with symmetric functions. For the even orthogonal groups, we conjecture\nan approximate model of (co)homology via symmetric functions. In the process,\nwe develop type B and type D non-commutative k-Schur functions as elements of\nthe nilCoxeter algebra that model homology of the affine Grassmannian.\nAdditionally, Pieri rules for multiplication by special Schubert classes in\nhomology are given in both cases. Finally, we present a type-free\ninterpretation of Pieri factors, used in the definition of noncommutative\nk-Schur functions or affine Stanley symmetric functions for any classical type.\n" }, { "id": "3733807d-3d1e-4763-960d-85c1bdf2c6f0", "adv_source_id": "3733807d-3d1e-4763-960d-85c1bdf2c6f0", "source_id": "3733807d-3d1e-4763-960d-85c1bdf2c6f0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extension of Berezin-Lieb Inequalities", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Berezin-Lieb inequalities provide upper and lower bounds for a partition\nfunction based on phase space integrals that involve the Glauber-Sudarshan and\nHusimi representations, respectively. Generalizations of these representations\nhave recently been introduced by the present authors, and in this article, we\nextend the use of these new representations to develop numerous analogs of the\nBerezin-Lieb inequalities that may offer improved bounds. Several examples\nillustrate the use of the new inequalities. Although motivated by problems in\nquantum mechanics, these results may also find applications in time-frequency\nanalysis, a valuable cross fertilization that has been profitably used at\nvarious times in the past.\n" }, { "id": "7230f3db-8cb3-4d60-90e2-9c233cb75ed7", "adv_source_id": "7230f3db-8cb3-4d60-90e2-9c233cb75ed7", "source_id": "7230f3db-8cb3-4d60-90e2-9c233cb75ed7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical simulations of shocks encountering clumpy regions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present numerical simulations of the adiabatic interaction of a shock with\na clumpy region containing many individual clouds. Our work incorporates a\nsub-grid turbulence model which for the first time makes this investigation\nfeasible. We vary the Mach number of the shock, the density contrast of the\nclouds, and the ratio of total cloud mass to inter-cloud mass within the clumpy\nregion. Cloud material becomes incorporated into the flow. This \"mass-loading\"\nreduces the Mach number of the shock, and leads to the formation of a dense\nshell. In cases in which the mass-loading is sufficient the flow slows enough\nthat the shock degenerates into a wave. The interaction evolves through up to\nfour stages: initially the shock decelerates; then its speed is nearly\nconstant; next the shock accelerates as it leaves the clumpy region; finally it\nmoves at a constant speed close to its initial speed. Turbulence is generated\nin the post-shock flow as the shock sweeps through the clumpy region. Clouds\nexposed to turbulence can be destroyed more rapidly than a similar cloud in an\n\"isolated\" environment. The lifetime of a downstream cloud decreases with\nincreasing cloud-to-intercloud mass ratio. We briefly discuss the significance\nof these results for starburst superwinds and galaxy evolution.\n" }, { "id": "d4ece10b-016a-4016-887b-1ecad124fecf", "adv_source_id": "d4ece10b-016a-4016-887b-1ecad124fecf", "source_id": "d4ece10b-016a-4016-887b-1ecad124fecf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Properties of Inner Cool Disks in the Hard State of Black Hole\n X-Ray Transient Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " The formation of a cool disk in the innermost regions of black hole X-ray\ntransient systems in the low hard state is investigated. Taking into account\nthe combined cooling associated with the Compton and conductive energy\ntransport processes in a corona, the radial structure of a disk is described\nfor a range of mass accretion rates. The mass flow in an optically thick inner\nregion can be maintained by the condensation of matter from a corona with the\ndisk temperature and luminosity varying continuously as a function of the\naccretion rate. Although such a disk component can be present, the contribution\nof the optically thick disk component to the total luminosity can be small\nsince the mass flow due to condensation in the optically thick disk underlying\nthe corona can be significantly less than the mass flow rate in the corona. The\nmodel is applied to the observations of the low quiescent state of the black\nhole source GX 339-4 at luminosities of around $0.01 L_{Edd}$ and is able to\nexplain the temperature of the thermal component at the observed luminosities.\nSince conductive cooling dominates Compton cooling at low mass accretion rates,\nthe luminosity corresponding to the critical mass accretion rate above which a\nweak thermal disk component can be present in the low hard state is estimated\nto be as low as $0.001 L_{Edd}$.\n" }, { "id": "402f04c6-dc7d-43d5-96e4-782a2a811a23", "adv_source_id": "402f04c6-dc7d-43d5-96e4-782a2a811a23", "source_id": "402f04c6-dc7d-43d5-96e4-782a2a811a23", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new concept for the combination of optical interferometers and\n high-resolution spectrographs", "prompt": null, "generation": " The combination of high spatial and spectral resolution in optical astronomy\nenables new observational approaches to many open problems in stellar and\ncircumstellar astrophysics. However, constructing a high-resolution\nspectrograph for an interferometer is a costly and time-intensive undertaking.\nOur aim is to show that, by coupling existing high-resolution spectrographs to\nexisting interferometers, one could observe in the domain of high spectral and\nspatial resolution, and avoid the construction of a new complex and expensive\ninstrument. We investigate in this article the different challenges which arise\nfrom combining an interferometer with a high-resolution spectrograph. The\nrequirements for the different sub-systems are determined, with special\nattention given to the problems of fringe tracking and dispersion. A concept\nstudy for the combination of the VLTI (Very Large Telescope Interferometer)\nwith UVES (UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph) is carried out, and several other\nspecific instrument pairings are discussed. We show that the proposed\ncombination of an interferometer with a high-resolution spectrograph is indeed\nfeasible with current technology, for a fraction of the cost of building a\nwhole new spectrograph. The impact on the existing instruments and their\nongoing programs would be minimal.\n" }, { "id": "36ce6594-9417-4656-81c7-dc0a73db9377", "adv_source_id": "36ce6594-9417-4656-81c7-dc0a73db9377", "source_id": "36ce6594-9417-4656-81c7-dc0a73db9377", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Learning Functions of Few Arbitrary Linear Parameters in High Dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let us assume that $f$ is a continuous function defined on the unit ball of\n$\\mathbb R^d$, of the form $f(x) = g (A x)$, where $A$ is a $k \\times d$ matrix\nand $g$ is a function of $k$ variables for $k \\ll d$. We are given a budget $m\n\\in \\mathbb N$ of possible point evaluations $f(x_i)$, $i=1,...,m$, of $f$,\nwhich we are allowed to query in order to construct a uniform approximating\nfunction. Under certain smoothness and variation assumptions on the function\n$g$, and an {\\it arbitrary} choice of the matrix $A$, we present in this paper\n 1. a sampling choice of the points $\\{x_i\\}$ drawn at random for each\nfunction approximation;\n 2. algorithms (Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2) for computing the approximating\nfunction, whose complexity is at most polynomial in the dimension $d$ and in\nthe number $m$ of points.\n Due to the arbitrariness of $A$, the choice of the sampling points will be\naccording to suitable random distributions and our results hold with\noverwhelming probability. Our approach uses tools taken from the {\\it\ncompressed sensing} framework, recent Chernoff bounds for sums of\npositive-semidefinite matrices, and classical stability bounds for invariant\nsubspaces of singular value decompositions.\n" }, { "id": "4d1136c4-2547-4388-9f95-96b18ec154af", "adv_source_id": "4d1136c4-2547-4388-9f95-96b18ec154af", "source_id": "4d1136c4-2547-4388-9f95-96b18ec154af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Diffusion and localization for the Chirikov typical map", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the classical and quantum properties of the \"Chirikov typical\nmap\", proposed by Boris Chirikov in 1969. This map is obtained from the well\nknown Chirikov standard map by introducing a finite number $T$ of random phase\nshift angles. These angles induce a random behavior for small time scales\n($tT$). We identify the classical chaos border $k_c\\sim T^{-3/2} \\ll 1$\nfor the kick parameter $k$ and two regimes with diffusive behavior on short and\nlong time scales. The quantum dynamics is characterized by the effect of\nChirikov localization (or dynamical localization). We find that the\nlocalization length depends in a subtle way on the two classical diffusion\nconstants in the two time-scale regime.\n" }, { "id": "5a2c3dd0-d096-42e9-825b-14ba34216a3a", "adv_source_id": "5a2c3dd0-d096-42e9-825b-14ba34216a3a", "source_id": "5a2c3dd0-d096-42e9-825b-14ba34216a3a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cutaneous Force Feedback as a Sensory Subtraction Technique in Haptics", "prompt": null, "generation": " A novel sensory substitution technique is presented. Kinesthetic and\ncutaneous force feedback are substituted by cutaneous feedback (CF) only,\nprovided by two wearable devices able to apply forces to the index finger and\nthe thumb, while holding a handle during a teleoperation task. The force\npattern, fed back to the user while using the cutaneous devices, is similar, in\nterms of intensity and area of application, to the cutaneous force pattern\napplied to the finger pad while interacting with a haptic device providing both\ncutaneous and kinesthetic force feedback. The pattern generated using the\ncutaneous devices can be thought as a subtraction between the complete haptic\nfeedback (HF) and the kinesthetic part of it. For this reason, we refer to this\napproach as sensory subtraction instead of sensory substitution. A needle\ninsertion scenario is considered to validate the approach. The haptic device is\nconnected to a virtual environment simulating a needle insertion task.\nExperiments show that the perception of inserting a needle using the\ncutaneous-only force feedback is nearly indistinguishable from the one felt by\nthe user while using both cutaneous and kinesthetic feedback. As most of the\nsensory substitution approaches, the proposed sensory subtraction technique\nalso has the advantage of not suffering from stability issues of teleoperation\nsystems due, for instance, to communication delays. Moreover, experiments show\nthat the sensory subtraction technique outperforms sensory substitution with\nmore conventional visual feedback (VF).\n" }, { "id": "fb6cf5cc-f92c-4e4d-8873-04677a3bb287", "adv_source_id": "fb6cf5cc-f92c-4e4d-8873-04677a3bb287", "source_id": "fb6cf5cc-f92c-4e4d-8873-04677a3bb287", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Constant Molecular Gas Depletion Time in Nearby Disk Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We combine new sensitive, wide-field CO data from the HERACLES survey with\nultraviolet and infrared data from GALEX and Spitzer to compare the surface\ndensities of H2, Sigma_H2, and recent star formation rate, Sigma_SFR, over many\nthousands of positions in 30 nearby disk galaxies. We more than quadruple the\nsize of the galaxy sample compared to previous work and include targets with a\nwide range of galaxy properties. Even though the disk galaxies in this study\nspan a wide range of properties, we find a strong and approximately linear\ncorrelation between Sigma_SFR and Sigma_H2 at our common resolution of 1kpc.\nThis implies a roughly constant median H2 consumption time, tau_H2 = Sigma_H2 /\nSigma_SFR, of ~2.35Gyr (including heavy elements) across our sample. At 1kpc\nresolution, there is only a weak correlation between Sigma_H2 and tau_H2 over\nthe range Sigma_H2~5-100M_sun/pc^2, which is probed by our data. We compile a\nbroad set of literature measurements that have been obtained using a variety of\nstar formation tracers, sampling schemes and physical scales and show that\noverall, these data yield almost exactly the same results, although with more\nscatter. We interpret these results as strong, albeit indirect evidence that\nstar formation proceeds in a uniform way in giant molecular clouds in the disks\nof spiral galaxies.\n" }, { "id": "6e908300-470d-4c91-bec3-233ff77289c1", "adv_source_id": "6e908300-470d-4c91-bec3-233ff77289c1", "source_id": "6e908300-470d-4c91-bec3-233ff77289c1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Long quantum channels for high-quality entanglement transfer", "prompt": null, "generation": " High-quality quantum-state and entanglement transfer can be achieved in an\nunmodulated spin bus operating in the ballistic regime, which occurs when the\nendpoint qubits A and B are coupled to the chain by an exchange interaction\n$j_0$ comparable with the intrachain exchange. Indeed, the transition amplitude\ncharacterizing the transfer quality exhibits a maximum for a finite optimal\nvalue $j_0^{opt}(N)$, where $N$ is the channel length. We show that\n$j_0^{opt}(N)$ scales as $N^{-1/6}$ for large $N$ and that it ensures a\nhigh-quality entanglement transfer even in the limit of arbitrarily long\nchannels, almost independently of the channel initialization. For instance, the\naverage quantum-state transmission fidelity exceeds 90% for any chain length.\nWe emphasize that, taking the reverse point of view, should $j_0$ be\nexperimentally constrained, high-quality transfer can still be obtained by\nadjusting the channel length to its optimal value.\n" }, { "id": "2365faa9-afff-4fb4-a9e0-3c835e9766cd", "adv_source_id": "2365faa9-afff-4fb4-a9e0-3c835e9766cd", "source_id": "2365faa9-afff-4fb4-a9e0-3c835e9766cd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Predictions on the core mass of Jupiter and of giant planets in general", "prompt": null, "generation": " More than 80 giant planets are known by mass and radius. Their interior\nstructure in terms of core mass, number of layers, and composition however is\nstill poorly known. An overview is presented about the core mass Mcore and\nenvelope mass of metals MZ in Jupiter as predicted by various equations of\nstate. It is argued that the uncertainty about the true H/He EOS in a pressure\nregime where the gravitational moments J2 and J4 are most sensitive, i.e.\nbetween 0.5 and 4 Mbar, is in part responsible for the broad range Mcore=0-18\nMearth, MZ=0-38 Mearth, and Mcore+MZ=14-38 Mearth currently offered for\nJupiter. We then compare the Jupiter models obtained when we only match J2 with\nthe range of solutions for the exoplanet GJ436b, when we match an assumed tidal\nLove number k2 value.\n" }, { "id": "ed5a1866-3d8c-4c43-a8a1-1f7ce80484fa", "adv_source_id": "ed5a1866-3d8c-4c43-a8a1-1f7ce80484fa", "source_id": "ed5a1866-3d8c-4c43-a8a1-1f7ce80484fa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time-optimal rotation of a spin 1/2: application to the NV center spin\n in diamond", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the applicability of the time optimal bang-bang control designed for\nspin-1/2 [U. Boscain and P. Mason, J. Math. Phys. {\\bf 47}, 062101 (2006)] to\nthe rotation of the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond.\nThe spin of the NV center is a three-level system, with two levels forming a\nrelevant qubit subspace where the time-varying magnetic control field performs\nrotation, and the third level being idle. We find that the bang-bang control\nprotocol decreases the rotation time by 20--25% in comparison with the\ntraditional oscillating sinusoidal driving. We also find that for most values\nof the bias field the leakage to the idle level is very small, so that the NV\ncenter is a suitable testbed for experimental study of the time-optimal\nprotocols. For some special values of the bias field, however, the unwanted\nleakage is greatly increased. We demonstrate that this is caused by the\nresonance with higher-order Fourier harmonics of the bang-bang driving field.\n" }, { "id": "cb2ab847-2d26-4558-880b-da8fc629d901", "adv_source_id": "cb2ab847-2d26-4558-880b-da8fc629d901", "source_id": "cb2ab847-2d26-4558-880b-da8fc629d901", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The parafermion Fock space and explicit so(2n+1) representations", "prompt": null, "generation": " The defining relations (triple relations) of n pairs of parafermion operators\nf_j^\\pm (j=1,...,n) are known to coincide with a set of defining relations for\nthe Lie algebra so(2n+1) in terms of 2n generators. With the common Hermiticity\nconditions, this means that the ``parafermions of order p'' correspond to a\nfinite-dimensional unitary irreducible representation W(p) of so(2n+1), with\nhighest weight (p/2, p/2,..., p/2). Although the dimension and character of\nW(p) is known by classical formulas, there is no explicit basis of W(p)\navailable in which the parafermion operators have a natural action. In this\npaper we construct an orthogonal basis for W(p), and we present the explicit\nactions of the parafermion generators on these basis vectors. We use group\ntheoretical techniques, in which the u(n) subalgebra of so(2n+1) plays a\ncrucial role: a set of Gelfand-Zetlin patterns of u(n) will be used to label\nthe basis vectors of W(p), and also in the explicit action (matrix elements)\ncertain u(n) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are essential.\n" }, { "id": "46ebe10f-9f60-44e7-8a6e-09b7bbba65e9", "adv_source_id": "46ebe10f-9f60-44e7-8a6e-09b7bbba65e9", "source_id": "46ebe10f-9f60-44e7-8a6e-09b7bbba65e9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of internal wave breaking dependence on stratification", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mixing effect in a stratified fluid is considered and examined. Euler\nequations for incompressible fluid stratified by a gravity field are applied to\nstate a mathematical problem and describe the effect. It is found out that a\nsystem of Euler equations is not enough for a formulation of correct\ngeneralized problem. Some complementary relations are suggested and justified.\n A numerical method is developed and applied for study of processes of vortex\ndestruction and mixing progress in a stratified fluid. The dependence of vortex\ndestruction on a stratification scale is investigated numerically and it is\nshown that the effect increases with the stratification scale. It is observed\nthat the effect of vortex destruction is absent when the fluid density is\nconstant. Some simple mathematical explanation of the effect is suggested.\n" }, { "id": "c7fe9ecc-af6b-4860-88eb-40d25b6704b8", "adv_source_id": "c7fe9ecc-af6b-4860-88eb-40d25b6704b8", "source_id": "c7fe9ecc-af6b-4860-88eb-40d25b6704b8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Proviola: A Tool for Proof Re-animation", "prompt": null, "generation": " To improve on existing models of interaction with a proof assistant (PA), in\nparticular for storage and replay of proofs, we in- troduce three related\nconcepts, those of: a proof movie, consisting of frames which record both user\ninput and the corresponding PA response; a camera, which films a user's\ninteractive session with a PA as a movie; and a proviola, which replays a movie\nframe-by-frame to a third party. In this paper we describe the movie data\nstructure and we discuss a proto- type implementation of the camera and\nproviola based on the ProofWeb system. ProofWeb uncouples the interaction with\na PA via a web- interface (the client) from the actual PA that resides on the\nserver. Our camera films a movie by \"listening\" to the ProofWeb communication.\nThe first reason for developing movies is to uncouple the reviewing of a formal\nproof from the PA used to develop it: the movie concept enables users to\ndiscuss small code fragments without the need to install the PA or to load a\nwhole library into it. Other advantages include the possibility to develop a\nseparate com- mentary track to discuss or explain the PA interaction. We assert\nthat a combined camera+proviola provides a generic layer between a client\n(user) and a server (PA). Finally we claim that movies are the right type of\ndata to be stored in an encyclopedia of formalized mathematics, based on our\nexperience in filming the Coq standard library.\n" }, { "id": "013d88ee-cca6-4b2a-8c94-a49159a9c0c6", "adv_source_id": "013d88ee-cca6-4b2a-8c94-a49159a9c0c6", "source_id": "013d88ee-cca6-4b2a-8c94-a49159a9c0c6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "INTEGRAL constraints on the Galactic hard X-ray background from the\n Milky Way anticenter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results of a study of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission (GRXE) in\nhard X-rays with the IBIS telescope on board INTEGRAL in the region near the\nGalactic Anticenter (GA) at l=155 deg. We assumed a conservative 2 sigma upper\nlimit on the flux from the GA in the 25-60 keV energy band of 1.25E-10\nerg/s/cm^2 (12.8 mCrab) per IBIS field of view, or 6.6E-12 erg/s/cm^2 (0.7\nmCrab) per degree longitude in the 135 deg. < l < 175 deg. region. This upper\nlimit exceeds the expected GRXE intensity in the GA direction by an order of\nmagnitude, given the near-infrared (NIR) surface brightness of the Milky Way in\nthis region and the standard hard X-ray-to-NIR intensity ratio for the GRXE,\nassuming stellar origin. Based on the CGRO/EGRET surface brightness of the\nGalaxy above 100 MeV as a tracer of the cosmic-ray (CR) induced gamma-ray\nbackground, the expected GRXE flux in GA exceeds the measured 2 sigma upper\nlimit by a factor of 4. Therefore, the non-detection of hard X-ray emission\nfrom the GA does not contradict the stellar nature of the GRXE, but is\ninconsistent with CR origin.\n" }, { "id": "ee9d683a-8822-4f99-80bc-47c882d30bdc", "adv_source_id": "ee9d683a-8822-4f99-80bc-47c882d30bdc", "source_id": "ee9d683a-8822-4f99-80bc-47c882d30bdc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Renormalization and universality of blowup in hydrodynamic flows", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider self-similar solutions describing intermittent bursts in shell\nmodels of turbulence, and study their relationship with blowup phenomena in\ncontinuous hydrodynamic models. First, we show that these solutions are very\nclose to self-similar solution for the Fourier transformed inviscid Burgers\nequation corresponding to shock formation from smooth initial data. Then, the\nresult is generalized to hyperbolic conservation laws in one space dimension\ndescribing compressible flows. It is shown that the renormalized wave profile\ntends to a universal function, which is independent both of initial conditions\nand of a specific form of the conservation law. This phenomenon can be viewed\nas a new manifestation of the renormalization group theory. Finally, we discuss\npossibilities for application of the developed theory for detecting and\ndescribing a blowup in incompressible flows.\n" }, { "id": "3966133d-41e0-4a78-9942-9be7312eb0c7", "adv_source_id": "3966133d-41e0-4a78-9942-9be7312eb0c7", "source_id": "3966133d-41e0-4a78-9942-9be7312eb0c7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Mexican Hat with holes: calculating low resolution power spectra from\n data with gaps", "prompt": null, "generation": " A simple method for calculating a low-resolution power spectrum from data\nwith gaps is described. The method is a modification of the $\\Delta$-variance\nmethod previously described by Stutzki and Ossenkopf. A Mexican Hat filter is\nused to single out fluctuations at a given spatial scale and the variance of\nthe convolved image is calculated. The gaps in the image, defined by the mask,\nare corrected for by representing the Mexican Hat filter as a difference\nbetween two Gaussian filters with slightly different widths, convolving the\nimage and mask with these filters and dividing the results before calculating\nthe final filtered image. This method cleanly compensates for data gaps even if\nthese have complicated shapes and cover a significant fraction of the data. The\nmethod was developed to deal with problematic 2D images, where irregular\ndetector edges and masking of contaminating sources compromise the power\nspectrum estimates, but it can also be straightforwardly applied to 1D timing\nanalysis or 3D data cubes from numerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "765b2b36-cf2a-465c-95d3-1660be88ebb4", "adv_source_id": "765b2b36-cf2a-465c-95d3-1660be88ebb4", "source_id": "765b2b36-cf2a-465c-95d3-1660be88ebb4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Solar cycle variation of real CME latitudes", "prompt": null, "generation": " With the assumption of radial motion and uniform longitudinal distribution of\ncoronal mass ejections (CMEs), we propose a method to eliminate projection\neffects from the apparent observed CME latitude distribution. This method has\nbeen applied to SOHO LASCO data from 1996 January to 2006 December. As a\nresult, we find that the real CME latitude distribution had the following\ncharacteristics: (1) High-latitude CMEs ($\\theta>60^{\\circ}$ where $\\theta$ is\nthe latitude) constituted 3% of all CMEs and mainly occurred during the time\nwhen the polar magnetic fields reversed sign. The latitudinal drift of the\nhigh-latitude CMEs was correlated with that of the heliospheric current sheet.\n(2) 4% of all CMEs occurred in the range $45^{\\circ}\\leq\\theta\\leq60^{\\circ}$.\nThese mid-latitude CMEs occurred primarily in 2000, near the middle of 2002 and\nin 2005, respectively, forming a prominent three-peak structure; (3) The\nhighest occurrence probability of low-latitude ($\\theta< 45^{\\circ}$) CMEs was\nat the minimum and during the declining phase of the solar cycle. However, the\nhighest occurrence rate of low-latitude CMEs was at the maximum and during the\ndeclining phase of the solar cycle. The latitudinal evolution of low-latitude\nCMEs did not follow the Sp\\\"{o}rer sunspot law, which suggests that many CMEs\noriginated outside of active regions.\n" }, { "id": "f932a005-aab5-455f-83e8-eebec4600208", "adv_source_id": "f932a005-aab5-455f-83e8-eebec4600208", "source_id": "f932a005-aab5-455f-83e8-eebec4600208", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Loop Variables and Gauge Invariant Exact Renormalization Group Equations\n for (Open) String Theory -II", "prompt": null, "generation": " In arXiv:1202.4298 gauge invariant interacting equations were writ- ten down\nfor the spin 2 and spin 3 massive modes using the exact renor- malization group\nof a world sheet theory. This is generalized to all the higher levels in this\npaper. An interacting theory of an infinite tower of massive higher spins is\nobtained. They appear as a compactification of a massless theory in one higher\ndimension. The compactification and consequent mass is essential for writing\nthe interaction terms. Just as for spin 2 and spin 3, the interactions are in\nterms of gauge invariant field strengths and the gauge transformations are the\nsame as for the free theory. This theory can then be truncated in a gauge\ninvari- ant way by removing one oscillator of the extra dimension to match the\nfield content of BRST string (field) theory. The truncation has to be done\nlevel by level and results are given explicitly for level 4. At least up to\nlevel 5, the truncation can be done in a way that preserves the higher\ndimensional structure. There is a relatively straightforward generalization of\nthis construction to (arbitrary) curved space time and this is also outlined.\n" }, { "id": "c9e7c01f-c5bf-48c6-907e-42c9eeccbfed", "adv_source_id": "c9e7c01f-c5bf-48c6-907e-42c9eeccbfed", "source_id": "c9e7c01f-c5bf-48c6-907e-42c9eeccbfed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Early structure formation from cosmic string loops", "prompt": null, "generation": " We examine the effects of cosmic strings on structure formation and on the\nionization history of the universe. While Gaussian perturbations from inflation\nare known to provide the dominant contribution to the large scale structure of\nthe universe, density perturbations due to strings are highly non-Gaussian and\ncan produce nonlinear structures at very early times. This could lead to early\nstar formation and reionization of the universe. We improve on earlier studies\nof these effects by accounting for high loop velocities and for the filamentary\nshape of the resulting halos. We find that for string energy scales G\\mu >\n10^{-7} the effect of strings on the CMB temperature and polarization power\nspectra can be significant and is likely to be detectable by the Planck\nsatellite. We mention shortcomings of the standard cosmological model of galaxy\nformation which may be remedied with the addition of cosmic strings, and\ncomment on other possible observational implications of early structure\nformation by strings.\n" }, { "id": "987a7e9e-418d-4b86-9a00-ddcb7672fb2e", "adv_source_id": "987a7e9e-418d-4b86-9a00-ddcb7672fb2e", "source_id": "987a7e9e-418d-4b86-9a00-ddcb7672fb2e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Polymer-Enforced Crystallization of a Eutectic Binary Hard Sphere\n Mixture", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prepared a buoyancy matched binary mixture of polydisperse polystyrene\nmicrogel spheres of size ratio 0.785 and at a volume fraction of 0.567 just\nbelow the kinetic glass transition. In line with theoretical expectations, a\neutectic phase behavior was observed, but only a minor fraction of the samples\ncrystallized at all. By adding a short non-adsorbing polymer we enforce\ninter-species fractionation into coexisting pure component crystals, which in\nturn also shows signs of intra-species fractionation. We show that in formerly\ninaccessible regions of the phase diagram binary hard sphere physics is made\nobservable using attractive hard spheres.\n Ancillary files: Correction to Soft Matter 2012, 8, 627\n" }, { "id": "bbd18d28-81a0-44ae-bdd5-45257ec1f8b3", "adv_source_id": "bbd18d28-81a0-44ae-bdd5-45257ec1f8b3", "source_id": "bbd18d28-81a0-44ae-bdd5-45257ec1f8b3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mass transport generated by a flow of Gauss maps", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $A \\subset \\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\\ge 2$, be a compact convex set and let $\\mu\n= \\varrho_0 dx$ be a probability measure on $A$ equivalent to the restriction\nof Lebesgue measure. Let $\\nu = \\varrho_1 dx$ be a probability measure on $B_r\n:= \\{x\\colon |x| \\le r\\}$ equivalent to the restriction of Lebesgue measure. We\nprove that there exists a mapping $T$ such that $\\nu = \\mu \\circ T^{-1}$ and $T\n= \\phi \\cdot {\\rm n}$, where $\\phi\\colon A \\to [0,r]$ is a continuous potential\nwith convex sub-level sets and ${\\rm n}$ is the Gauss map of the corresponding\nlevel sets of $\\phi$. Moreover, $T$ is invertible and essentially unique. Our\nproof employs the optimal transportation techniques. We show that in the case\nof smooth $\\phi$ the level sets of $\\phi$ are driven by the Gauss curvature\nflow $\\dot{x}(s) = -s^{d-1} \\frac{\\varrho_1(s {\\rm n})}{\\varrho_0(x)} K(x)\n\\cdot {\\rm n}(x)$, where $K$ is the Gauss curvature. As a by-product one can\nreprove the existence of weak solutions of the classical Gauss curvature flow\nstarting from a convex hypersurface.\n" }, { "id": "37ee7199-323d-413e-91c1-913e9fb28f58", "adv_source_id": "37ee7199-323d-413e-91c1-913e9fb28f58", "source_id": "37ee7199-323d-413e-91c1-913e9fb28f58", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hidden spin liquid in an antiferromagnet: Applications to FeCrAs", "prompt": null, "generation": " The recently studied material FeCrAs exhibits a surprising combination of\nexperimental signatures, with metallic, Fermi liquid like specific heat but\nresistivity showing strong non-metallic character. The Cr sublattice posseses\nlocal magnetic moments, in the form of stacked (distorted) Kagome lattices.\nDespite the high degree of magnetic frustration, anti-ferromagnetic order\ndevelops below ~125K suggesting the non-magnetic Fe sublattice may play a role\nin stabilizing the ordering. From the material properties we propose a\nmicroscopic Hamiltonian for the low energy degrees of freedom, including the\nnon-magnetic Fe sublattice, and study its properties using slave-rotor mean\nfield theory. Using this approach we find a spin liquid phase on the Fe\nsublattice, which survives even in the presence of the magnetic Cr sublattice.\nFinally, we suggest that the features of FeCrAs can be qualitatively explained\nby critical fluctuations in the non-magnetic sublattice Fe due to proximity to\na metal-insulator transition.\n" }, { "id": "799cf266-fd6d-4b3c-8548-3415d391c388", "adv_source_id": "799cf266-fd6d-4b3c-8548-3415d391c388", "source_id": "799cf266-fd6d-4b3c-8548-3415d391c388", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Complexity of PL-manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We extend Matveev's complexity of 3-manifolds to PL compact manifolds of\narbitrary dimension, and we study its properties. The complexity of a manifold\nis the minimum number of vertices in a simple spine. We study how this quantity\nchanges under the most common topological operations (handle additions, finite\ncoverings, drilling and surgery of spheres, products, connected sums) and its\nrelations with some geometric invariants (Gromov norm, spherical volume, volume\nentropy, systolic constant).\n Complexity distinguishes some homotopically equivalent manifolds and is\npositive on all closed aspherical manifolds (in particular, on manifolds with\nnon-positive sectional curvature). There are finitely many closed hyperbolic\nmanifolds of any given complexity. On the other hand, there are many closed\n4-manifolds of complexity zero (manifolds without 3-handles, doubles of\n2-handlebodies, infinitely many exotic K3 surfaces, symplectic manifolds with\narbitrary fundamental group).\n" }, { "id": "27de2985-1537-4cd2-a4fe-0983080f8b97", "adv_source_id": "27de2985-1537-4cd2-a4fe-0983080f8b97", "source_id": "27de2985-1537-4cd2-a4fe-0983080f8b97", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Breaking the cavity linewidth limit of resonant optical modulators", "prompt": null, "generation": " Microring optical modulators are being explored extensively for\nenergy-efficient photonic communication networks in future high-performance\ncomputing systems and microprocessors, because they can significantly reduce\nthe power consumption of optical transmitters via the resonant circulation of\nlight. However, resonant modulators have traditionally suffered from a\ntrade-off between their power consumption and maximum operation bit rate, which\nwere thought to depend oppositely upon the cavity linewidth. Here, we break\nthis linewidth limitation using a silicon microring. By controlling the rate at\nwhich light enters and exits the microring, we demonstrate modulation free of\nthe parasitic cavity linewidth limitations at up to 40 GHz, more than 6x the\ncavity linewidth. The device operated at 28 Gb/s using single-ended drive\nsignals less than 1.5 V. The results show that high-Q resonant modulators can\nbe designed to be simultaneously low-power and high-speed, features which are\nmutually incompatible in typical resonant modulators studied to date.\n" }, { "id": "8f945c2e-c185-468c-ae23-0b07f2741212", "adv_source_id": "8f945c2e-c185-468c-ae23-0b07f2741212", "source_id": "8f945c2e-c185-468c-ae23-0b07f2741212", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Directional Feature with Energy based Offline Signature Verification\n Network", "prompt": null, "generation": " Signature used as a biometric is implemented in various systems as well as\nevery signature signed by each person is distinct at the same time. So, it is\nvery important to have a computerized signature verification system. In offline\nsignature verification system dynamic features are not available obviously, but\none can use a signature as an image and apply image processing techniques to\nmake an effective offline signature verification system. Author proposes a\nintelligent network used directional feature and energy density both as inputs\nto the same network and classifies the signature. Neural network is used as a\nclassifier for this system. The results are compared with both the very basic\nenergy density method and a simple directional feature method of offline\nsignature verification system and this proposed new network is found very\neffective as compared to the above two methods, specially for less number of\ntraining samples, which can be implemented practically.\n" }, { "id": "73bcff5b-84be-44b4-b17a-cc196ff15339", "adv_source_id": "73bcff5b-84be-44b4-b17a-cc196ff15339", "source_id": "73bcff5b-84be-44b4-b17a-cc196ff15339", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measuring entropy generated by spin-transfer", "prompt": null, "generation": " An experimental protocol is presented that allows the entropy generated by\nspin-transfer to be measured. The effect of a strong spin-polarized current\ninjected on a ferromagnetic nanostructure is investigated with focusing on the\nquasi-static equilibrium states of a ferromagnetic single domain. The samples\nare single contacted Ni nanowires obtained by electrodeposition in a nanoporous\ntemplate. The thermal susceptibility of the magnetoresistance is measured as a\nfunction of the magnetic field for different values of the current injected\nthrough the wire. This quantity is related to the thermal magnetic\nsusceptibility of the ferromagnetic wire through the anisotropic\nmagnetoresistance. The ferromagnetic entropy generated by the current injection\nis deduced thanks to a thermodynamic Maxwell relation. This study shows that\nthe effect of the spin-transfer in our samples results in the generation of\nincoherent excitations instead of rotation of the magnetization.\n" }, { "id": "fef84639-7519-4b8a-9c74-44f46272f308", "adv_source_id": "fef84639-7519-4b8a-9c74-44f46272f308", "source_id": "fef84639-7519-4b8a-9c74-44f46272f308", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Barrier-Free Tunneling in a Carbon Heterojunction Transistor", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently it has been experimentally shown that a graphene nanoribbon (GNR)\ncan be obtained by unzipping a carbon nanotube (CNT). This makes it possible to\nfabricate all-carbon heterostructures that have a unique interface between a\nCNT and a GNR. Here we demonstrate that such a heterojunction may be utilized\nto obtain a unique transistor operation. By performing a self-consistent\nnon-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) based calculation on an atomistically\ndefined structure, we show that such a transistor may reduce energy dissipation\nbelow the classical limit while not compromising speed - thus providing an\nalternate route towards ultra low-power, high-performance\ncarbon-heterostructure electronics.\n" }, { "id": "99c580f2-2e1c-461e-b36f-1835893df6ae", "adv_source_id": "99c580f2-2e1c-461e-b36f-1835893df6ae", "source_id": "99c580f2-2e1c-461e-b36f-1835893df6ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interface dynamics of microscopic cavities in water", "prompt": null, "generation": " An analytical description of the interface motion of a collapsing\nnanometer-sized spherical cavity in water is presented by a modification of the\nRayleigh-Plesset equation in conjunction with explicit solvent molecular\ndynamics simulations. Quantitative agreement is found between the two\napproaches for the time-dependent cavity radius $R(t)$ at different solvent\nconditions while in the continuum picture the solvent viscosity has to be\ncorrected for curvature effects. The typical magnitude of the interface or\ncollapse velocity is found to be given by the ratio of surface tension and\nfluid viscosity, $v\\simeq\\gamma/\\eta$, while the curvature correction\naccelerates collapse dynamics on length scales below the equilibrium crossover\nscales ($\\sim$1nm). The study offers a starting point for an efficient implicit\nmodeling of water dynamics in aqueous nanoassembly and protein systems in\nnonequilibrium.\n" }, { "id": "774ac10f-edba-48b4-9472-6e95e5a6e815", "adv_source_id": "774ac10f-edba-48b4-9472-6e95e5a6e815", "source_id": "774ac10f-edba-48b4-9472-6e95e5a6e815", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ultimate Turbulent Taylor-Couette Flow", "prompt": null, "generation": " The flow structure of strongly turbulent Taylor-Couette flow with Reynolds\nnumbers up to Re_i = 2*10^6 of the inner cylinder is experimentally examined\nwith high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV). The wind Reynolds numbers\nRe_w of the turbulent Taylor-vortex flow is found to scale as Re_w ~ Ta^(1/2),\nexactly as predicted for the ultimate turbulence regime, in which the boundary\nlayers are turbulent. The dimensionless angular velocity flux has an effective\nscaling of Nu_{\\omega} ~ Ta^0.38, also in correspondence with turbulence in the\nultimate regime. The scaling of Nu_{\\omega} is confirmed by local angular\nvelocity flux measurements extracted from high-speed PIV measurements: though\nthe flux shows huge fluctuations, its spatial and temporal average nicely\nagrees with the result from the global torque measurements.\n" }, { "id": "3a83ca2a-7063-4ec9-986b-698ab197c13b", "adv_source_id": "3a83ca2a-7063-4ec9-986b-698ab197c13b", "source_id": "3a83ca2a-7063-4ec9-986b-698ab197c13b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Information Forests", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe Information Forests, an approach to classification that\ngeneralizes Random Forests by replacing the splitting criterion of non-leaf\nnodes from a discriminative one -- based on the entropy of the label\ndistribution -- to a generative one -- based on maximizing the information\ndivergence between the class-conditional distributions in the resulting\npartitions. The basic idea consists of deferring classification until a measure\nof \"classification confidence\" is sufficiently high, and instead breaking down\nthe data so as to maximize this measure. In an alternative interpretation,\nInformation Forests attempt to partition the data into subsets that are \"as\ninformative as possible\" for the purpose of the task, which is to classify the\ndata. Classification confidence, or informative content of the subsets, is\nquantified by the Information Divergence. Our approach relates to active\nlearning, semi-supervised learning, mixed generative/discriminative learning.\n" }, { "id": "907283de-fb98-4065-b4d0-2a6f221430a3", "adv_source_id": "907283de-fb98-4065-b4d0-2a6f221430a3", "source_id": "907283de-fb98-4065-b4d0-2a6f221430a3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Monge Problem for distance cost in geodesic spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We address the Monge problem in metric spaces with a geodesic distance: (X,\nd) is a Polish space and dL is a geodesic Borel distance which makes (X,dL) a\nnon branching geodesic space. We show that under the assumption that geodesics\nare d-continuous and locally compact, we can reduce the transport problem to\n1-dimensional transport problems along geodesics. We introduce two assumptions\non the transport problem {\\pi} which imply that the conditional probabilities\nof the first marginal on each geodesic are continuous or absolutely continuous\nw.r.t. the 1- dimensional Hausdorff distance induced by dL. It is known that\nthis regularity is sufficient for the construction of a transport map. We study\nalso the dynamics of transport along the geodesic, the stability of our\nconditions and show that in this setting dL-cyclical monotonicity is not\nsufficient for optimality.\n" }, { "id": "d949f93d-9e12-4bb1-9332-7891adef34d7", "adv_source_id": "d949f93d-9e12-4bb1-9332-7891adef34d7", "source_id": "d949f93d-9e12-4bb1-9332-7891adef34d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Morphological effects on surface plasmon polaritons at the planar\n interface of a metal and a columnar thin film The Planar Interface Of A Metal\n And A Columnar Thin Film", "prompt": null, "generation": " Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the interface of a columnar thin film\n(CTF) and metal exist over a range of propagation directions relative to the\nmorphology of the CTF which depends on the tilt of the columns in the CTF. The\nphase speed of the SPP wave varies mainly as a function of the tilt of the CTF\ncolumns. Both the confinement of the SPP wave to the interface and the decay of\nthe SPP wave along the direction of propagation depend strongly on the\ndirection of propagation relative to the morphologically significant plane of\nthe CTF. The greater the columnar tilt in relation to the interface, the\nshorter is the range of propagation. Because of its porosity and the ability to\nengineer this biaxial dielectric material, the CTF-metal interface may be more\nattractive than traditional methods of producing SPPs.\n" }, { "id": "457fe6d9-c34b-4b02-8052-3e6f7814856f", "adv_source_id": "457fe6d9-c34b-4b02-8052-3e6f7814856f", "source_id": "457fe6d9-c34b-4b02-8052-3e6f7814856f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical Linked-Cluster Algorithms. I. Spin systems on square,\n triangular, and kagome lattices", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss recently introduced numerical linked-cluster (NLC) algorithms that\nallow one to obtain temperature-dependent properties of quantum lattice models,\nin the thermodynamic limit, from exact diagonalization of finite clusters. We\npresent studies of thermodynamic observables for spin models on square,\ntriangular, and kagome lattices. Results for several choices of clusters and\nextrapolations methods, that accelerate the convergence of NLC, are presented.\nWe also include a comparison of NLC results with those obtained from exact\nanalytical expressions (where available), high-temperature expansions (HTE),\nexact diagonalization (ED) of finite periodic systems, and quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations.For many models and properties NLC results are substantially more\naccurate than HTE and ED.\n" }, { "id": "d922a506-542a-4035-ad23-0b5cfe8acf50", "adv_source_id": "d922a506-542a-4035-ad23-0b5cfe8acf50", "source_id": "d922a506-542a-4035-ad23-0b5cfe8acf50", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Determining Ratios of WIMP-Nucleon Cross Sections from Direct Dark\n Matter Detection Data", "prompt": null, "generation": " Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the leading\ncandidates for Dark Matter. So far the usual procedure for constraining the\nWIMP-nucleon cross sections in direct Dark Matter detection experiments have\nbeen to fit the predicted event rate based on some model(s) of the Galactic\nhalo and of WIMPs to experimental data. One has to assume whether the\nspin-independent (SI) or the spin-dependent (SD) WIMP-nucleus interaction\ndominates, and results of such data analyses are also expressed as functions of\nthe as yet unknown WIMP mass. In this article, I introduce methods for\nextracting information on the WIMP-nucleon cross sections by considering a\ngeneral combination of the SI and SD interactions. Neither prior knowledge\nabout the local density and the velocity distribution of halo WIMPs nor about\ntheir mass is needed. Assuming that an exponential-like shape of the recoil\nspectrum is confirmed from experimental data, the required information are only\nthe measured recoil energies (in low energy ranges) and the number of events in\nthe first energy bin from two or more experiments.\n" }, { "id": "124cbf90-9535-46a0-a588-3b521021ce27", "adv_source_id": "124cbf90-9535-46a0-a588-3b521021ce27", "source_id": "124cbf90-9535-46a0-a588-3b521021ce27", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics of discrete opinions without compromise", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new agent-based, bounded-confidence model for discrete one-dimensional\nopinion dynamics is presented. The agents interact if their opinions do not\ndiffer more than a tolerance parameter. In pairwise interactions, one of the\npair, randomly selected, converts to the opinion of the other. The model can be\nused to simulate cases where no compromise is possible, such as choices of\nsubstitute goods, or other exclusive choices. The homogeneous case with maximum\ntolerance is equivalent to the Gambler's Ruin problem. A homogeneous system\nalways ends up in an absorbing state, which can have one or more surviving\nopinions. An upper bound for the final number of opinions is given. The\ndistribution of absorption times fits the generalized extreme value\ndistribution. The diffusion coefficient of an opinion increases linearly with\nthe number of opinions within the tolerance parameter. A general master\nequation and specific Markov matrices are given. The software code developed\nfor this study is provided as a supplement.\n" }, { "id": "5092db3c-3e17-478b-9032-6258f70c8d73", "adv_source_id": "5092db3c-3e17-478b-9032-6258f70c8d73", "source_id": "5092db3c-3e17-478b-9032-6258f70c8d73", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical simulations of galaxy evolution in cosmological context", "prompt": null, "generation": " Large volume cosmological simulations succeed in reproducing the large-scale\nstructure of the Universe. However, they lack resolution and may not take into\naccount all relevant physical processes to test if the detail properties of\ngalaxies can be explained by the CDM paradigm. On the other hand, galaxy-scale\nsimulations could resolve this in a robust way but do not usually include a\nrealistic cosmological context.\n To study galaxy evolution in cosmological context, we use a new method that\nconsists in coupling cosmological simulations and galactic scale simulations.\nFor this, we record merger and gas accretion histories from cosmological\nsimulations and re-simulate at very high resolution the evolution of baryons\nand dark matter within the virial radius of a target galaxy. This allows us for\nexample to better take into account gas evolution and associated star\nformation, to finely study the internal evolution of galaxies and their disks\nin a realistic cosmological context.\n We aim at obtaining a statistical view on galaxy evolution from z = 2 to 0,\nand we present here the first results of the study: we mainly stress the\nimportance of taking into account gas accretion along filaments to understand\ngalaxy evolution.\n" }, { "id": "58b3a6ec-8a7f-4e24-b597-61f9b7c60e7f", "adv_source_id": "58b3a6ec-8a7f-4e24-b597-61f9b7c60e7f", "source_id": "58b3a6ec-8a7f-4e24-b597-61f9b7c60e7f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chiral and deconfinement phase transitions of two-flavour QCD at finite\n temperature and chemical potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results for the chiral and deconfinement transition of two flavor\nQCD at finite temperature and chemical potential. To this end we study the\nquark condensate and its dual, the dressed Polyakov loop, with functional\nmethods using a set of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The quark-propagator is\ndetermined self-consistently within a truncation scheme including temperature\nand in-medium effects of the gluon propagator. For the chiral transition we\nfind a crossover turning into a first order transition at a critical endpoint\nat large quark chemical potential, $\\mu_{EP}/T_{EP} \\approx 3$. For the\ndeconfinement transition we find a pseudo-critical temperature above the chiral\ntransition in the crossover region but coinciding transition temperatures close\nto the critical endpoint.\n" }, { "id": "cbca7dcb-3ea9-4600-9fde-f7ef019e970a", "adv_source_id": "cbca7dcb-3ea9-4600-9fde-f7ef019e970a", "source_id": "cbca7dcb-3ea9-4600-9fde-f7ef019e970a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for charmonium and charmonium-like states in $\\Upsilon(1S)$ and\n $\\Upsilon(2S)$ radiative decays", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using samples of 102 million $\\Upsilon(1S)$ and 158 million $\\Upsilon(2S)$\nevent samples collected with the Belle detector, we report on the first search\nfor charge-parity-even charmonium and charmonium-like states in $\\Upsilon(1S)$\nand $\\Upsilon(2S)$ radiative decays. No significant $\\chi_{cJ}$ or $\\eta_c$\nsignal is observed and 90% C.L. limits on $\\BR(\\Upsilon(nS)\\to \\gamma\n\\chi_{cJ})$ ($n=1,2$ and $J=1,2,3$) are obtained. No significant signal of any\ncharmonium-like state is observed. The product branching fraction limits\n$\\BR(\\Upsilon(nS)\\to \\gamma X(3872))$ $\\BR(X(3872)\\to\\pi^+\\pi^-\\jpsi)$,\n$\\BR(\\Upsilon(nS)\\to \\gamma X(3872))$ $\\BR(X(3872)\\to\\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^0 \\jpsi)$,\n$\\BR(\\Upsilon(nS)\\to \\gamma X(3915))$ $\\BR(X(3915)\\to\\omega \\jpsi)$, and $\\BR$\n$(\\Upsilon(1S)\\to \\gamma Y(4140))\\BR(Y(4140)\\to \\phi \\jpsi)$ ($n=1,2$) are\nobtained at the 90% C.L. At the same time, $\\BR(\\Upsilon(2S) \\to \\gamma\nX(4350))\\BR(X(4350)\\to\\phi\\jpsi))$ is also determined at the 90% C.L.\nFurthermore, no evidence is found for excited charmonium states below 4.8\nGeV/$c^2$.\n" }, { "id": "2674229a-9cf6-42bc-8495-eda29f1fde94", "adv_source_id": "2674229a-9cf6-42bc-8495-eda29f1fde94", "source_id": "2674229a-9cf6-42bc-8495-eda29f1fde94", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modelling neutral hydrogen in galaxies using cosmological hydrodynamical\n simulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " The characterisation of the atomic and molecular hydrogen content of\nhigh-redshift galaxies is a major observational challenge that will be\naddressed over the coming years with a new generation of radio telescopes. We\ninvestigate this important issue by considering the states of hydrogen across a\nrange of structures within high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamical\nsimulations. Additionally, our simulations allow us to investigate the\nsensitivity of our results to numerical resolution and to sub-grid baryonic\nphysics (especially feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei). We\nfind that the most significant uncertainty in modelling the neutral hydrogen\ndistribution arises from our need to model a self-shielding correction in\nmoderate density regions. Future simulations incorporating radiative transfer\nschemes will be vital to improve on our empirical self-shielding threshold.\nIrrespective of the exact nature of the threshold we find that while the atomic\nhydrogen mass function evolves only mildly from redshift two to zero, the\nmolecular hydrogen mass function increases with increasing redshift, especially\nat the high-mass end. Interestingly, the weak evolution of the neutral hydrogen\nmass function is insensitive to the feedback scheme utilised, but the opposite\nis true for the molecular gas, which is more closely associated with the star\nformation in the simulations.\n" }, { "id": "2429b393-9722-4f1a-b9ea-202634744228", "adv_source_id": "2429b393-9722-4f1a-b9ea-202634744228", "source_id": "2429b393-9722-4f1a-b9ea-202634744228", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Dependence of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae on\n the Equation of State", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the dependence of the delayed neutrino-heating mechanism for\ncore-collapse supernovae on the equation of state. Using a simplified treatment\nof the neutrino physics with a parameterized neutrino luminosity, we explore\nthe relationship between explosion time, mass accretion rate, and neutrino\nluminosity for a 15 Msun progenitor in 1D and 2D. We test three different\nequations of state commonly used in core-collapse simulations: the models of\nLattimer & Swesty (1991) with incompressibility of 180 MeV and 220 MeV, and the\nmodel of Shen et al. (1998), in order of increasing stiffness. We find that for\na given neutrino luminosity the time after bounce until explosion increases\nwith the stiffness of the equation of state: the Lattimer & Swesty EOS explode\nmore easily than that of Shen et al. We find this holds in both 1D and 2D,\nwhile for all models explosions are obtained more easily in 2D than in 1D. We\nalso discuss the relevance of approximate instability criteria to realistic\nsimulations.\n" }, { "id": "5e9cdd7d-ed61-4359-a891-ee2817a665df", "adv_source_id": "5e9cdd7d-ed61-4359-a891-ee2817a665df", "source_id": "5e9cdd7d-ed61-4359-a891-ee2817a665df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Indirect Dark Matter Detection from Dwarf Satellites: Joint Expectations\n from Astrophysics and Supersymmetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a general methodology for determining the gamma-ray flux from\nannihilation of dark matter particles in Milky Way satellite galaxies, focusing\non two promising satellites as examples: Segue 1 and Draco. We use the\nSuperBayeS code to explore the best-fitting regions of the Constrained Minimal\nSupersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) parameter space, and an independent MCMC\nanalysis of the dark matter halo properties of the satellites using published\nradial velocities. We present a formalism for determining the boost from halo\nsubstructure in these galaxies and show that its value depends strongly on the\nextrapolation of the concentration-mass (c(M)) relation for CDM subhalos down\nto the minimum possible mass. We show that the preferred region for this\nminimum halo mass within the CMSSM with neutralino dark matter is ~10^-9-10^-6\nsolar masses. For the boost model where the observed power-law c(M) relation is\nextrapolated down to the minimum halo mass we find average boosts of about 20,\nwhile the Bullock et al (2001) c(M) model results in boosts of order unity. We\nestimate that for the power-law c(M) boost model and photon energies greater\nthan a GeV, the Fermi space-telescope has about 20% chance of detecting a dark\nmatter annihilation signal from Draco with signal-to-noise greater than 3 after\nabout 5 years of observation.\n" }, { "id": "6b9b05fb-c053-4a2d-aadc-1e47c59b3362", "adv_source_id": "6b9b05fb-c053-4a2d-aadc-1e47c59b3362", "source_id": "6b9b05fb-c053-4a2d-aadc-1e47c59b3362", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bohr Hamiltonian with deformation-dependent mass term for the Davidson\n potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " Analytical expressions for spectra and wave functions are derived for a Bohr\nHamiltonian, describing the collective motion of deformed nuclei, in which the\nmass is allowed to depend on the nuclear deformation. Solutions are obtained\nfor separable potentials consisting of a Davidson potential in the beta\nvariable, in the cases of gamma-unstable nuclei, axially symmetric prolate\ndeformed nuclei, and triaxial nuclei, implementing the usual approximations in\neach case. The solution, called the Deformation Dependent Mass (DDM) Davidson\nmodel, is achieved by using techniques of supersymmetric quantum mechanics\n(SUSYQM), involving a deformed shape invariance condition. Spectra and B(E2)\ntransition rates are compared to experimental data. The dependence of the mass\non the deformation, dictated by SUSYQM for the potential used, reduces the rate\nof increase of the moment of inertia with deformation, removing a main drawback\nof the model.\n" }, { "id": "b19826ef-97ff-4c16-85a6-a7d7f1cc2ad6", "adv_source_id": "b19826ef-97ff-4c16-85a6-a7d7f1cc2ad6", "source_id": "b19826ef-97ff-4c16-85a6-a7d7f1cc2ad6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Experimental Performance Evaluation of Location Distinction for MIMO\n Channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " Location distinction is defined as determining whether or not the position of\na device has changed. We introduce methods and metrics for performing location\ndistinction in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless networks. Using\nMIMO channel measurements from two different testbeds, we evaluate the\nperformance of temporal signature-based location distinction with varying\nsystem parameters, and show that it can be applied to MIMO channels with\nfavorable results. In particular, a 2x2 MIMO channel with a bandwidth of 80 MHz\nallows a 64-fold reduction in miss rate over the SISO channel for a fixed false\nalarm rate, achieving as small as 4 x 10^-4 probability of false alarm for a\n2.4 x 10^-4 probability of missed detection. The very high reliability of MIMO\nlocation distinction enables location distinction systems to detect the change\nin position of a transmitter even when using a single receiver.\n" }, { "id": "a84bb78c-f5b2-4f3a-b499-e0e221c4ca00", "adv_source_id": "a84bb78c-f5b2-4f3a-b499-e0e221c4ca00", "source_id": "a84bb78c-f5b2-4f3a-b499-e0e221c4ca00", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multi-Angle Simulation of Flavor Evolution in the Neutrino\n Neutronization Burst From an O-Ne-Mg Core-Collapse Supernova", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report results of the first 3-by-3 \"multi-angle\" simulation of the\nevolution of neutrino flavor in the core collapse supernova environment. In\nparticular, we follow neutrino flavor transformation in the neutronization\nneutrino burst of an O-Ne-Mg core collapse event. Though in a qualitative sense\nour results are consistent with those obtained in 3-by-3 single-angle\nsimulations, at least in terms of neutrino mass hierarchy dependence,\nperforming multi-angle calculations is found to reduce the adiabaticity of\nflavor evolution in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy, resulting in lower swap\nenergies. Differences between single-angle and multi-angle results are largest\nfor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. Our simulations also show that current\nuncertainties in the measured mass-squared and mixing angle parameters\ntranslate into uncertainties in neutrino swap energies. Our results show that\nat low theta-13 it may be difficult to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy\nusing the O-Ne-Mg neutronization neutrino burst.\n" }, { "id": "fc05abcd-1f15-46ab-ba66-44ec628a3a8e", "adv_source_id": "fc05abcd-1f15-46ab-ba66-44ec628a3a8e", "source_id": "fc05abcd-1f15-46ab-ba66-44ec628a3a8e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ice chemistry in embedded young stellar objects in the Large Magellanic\n Cloud", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present spectroscopic observations of a sample of 15 embedded young\nstellar objects (YSOs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). These observations\nwere obtained with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) as part of the\nSAGE-Spec Legacy program. We analyze the two prominent ice bands in the IRS\nspectral range: the bending mode of CO_2 ice at 15.2 micron and the ice band\nbetween 5 and 7 micron that includes contributions from the bending mode of\nwater ice at 6 micron amongst other ice species. The 5-7 micron band is\ndifficult to identify in our LMC sample due to the conspicuous presence of PAH\nemission superimposed onto the ice spectra. We identify water ice in the\nspectra of two sources; the spectrum of one of those sources also exhibits the\n6.8 micron ice feature attributed to ammonium and methanol. We model the CO_2\nband in detail, using the combination of laboratory ice profiles available in\nthe literature. We find that a significant fraction (> 50%) of CO_2 ice is\nlocked in a water-rich component, consistent with what is observed for Galactic\nsources. The majority of the sources in the LMC also require a pure-CO_2\ncontribution to the ice profile, evidence of thermal processing. There is a\nsuggestion that CO_2 production might be enhanced in the LMC, but the size of\nthe available sample precludes firmer conclusions. We place our results in the\ncontext of the star formation environment in the LMC.\n" }, { "id": "f34b7f36-b0e9-47ba-8717-48eedd5dcb19", "adv_source_id": "f34b7f36-b0e9-47ba-8717-48eedd5dcb19", "source_id": "f34b7f36-b0e9-47ba-8717-48eedd5dcb19", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Signal Processing Model of Quantum Mechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper develops a deterministic model of quantum mechanics as an\naccumulation-and-threshold process. The model arises from an analogy with\nsignal processing in wireless communications. Complex wavefunctions are\ninterpreted as expressing the amplitude and phase information of a modulated\ncarrier wave. Particle transmission events are modeled as the outcome of a\nprocess of signal accumulation that occurs in an extra (non-spacetime)\ndimension.\n Besides giving a natural interpretation of the wavefunction and the Born\nrule, the model accommodates the collapse of the wave packet and other quantum\nparadoxes such as EPR and the Ahanorov-Bohm effect. The model also gives a new\nperspective on the 'relational' nature of quantum mechanics: that is, whether\nthe wave function of a physical system is \"real\" or simply reflects the\nobserver's partial knowledge of the system. We simulate the model for a 2-slit\nexperiment, and indicate possible deviations of the model's predictions from\nconventional quantum mechanics. We also indicate how the theory may be extended\nto a field theory.\n" }, { "id": "1a95a97a-98ce-4ebe-af1f-4c7b918105d0", "adv_source_id": "1a95a97a-98ce-4ebe-af1f-4c7b918105d0", "source_id": "1a95a97a-98ce-4ebe-af1f-4c7b918105d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Explaining the ttbar Forward-Backward Asymmetry from a GUT-Inspired\n Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a model that includes light colored scalars from the {\\bf 45} and\n{\\bf 50} representations of SU(5) in order to explain the CDF- and\nD$\\O$-reported $t\\bar{t}$ forward-backward asymmetry, $A^{t\\bar{t}}_{FB}$.\nThese light scalars are, labeled by their charges under the Standard Model\ngauge groups, the $(6,1)_{4/3}$ and $(\\bar{6},3)_{1/3}$ from the {\\bf 50} and\nthe $(8,2)_{1/2}$ from the {\\bf 45}. When the Yukawa coupling of the {\\bf 50}\nis reasonably chosen and that of the {\\bf 45} kept negligible at the scale of\n$M_Z$, the model yields phenomenologically viable results in agreement with the\ntotal $A^{t\\bar{t}}_{FB}$ reported by CDF at the 0.7$\\sigma$ level and with\n$A^{t\\bar{t}}_{FB} (M_{t\\bar{t}} \\ge 450 \\text{GeV})$ at the 2.2$\\sigma$ level.\nAdditionally, the Yukawa coupling of the {\\bf 50} remains perturbative to the\nGUT scale (which defines a \"reasonably chosen\" value at $M_Z$), and the\npresence of the light scalar from the {\\bf 45} allows for gauge coupling\nunification at a scale of $M_{GUT} \\sim 10^{17}$ GeV.\n" }, { "id": "7ca4394e-262d-4959-8412-ec5a67f42291", "adv_source_id": "7ca4394e-262d-4959-8412-ec5a67f42291", "source_id": "7ca4394e-262d-4959-8412-ec5a67f42291", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Calderon couples of p-convexified Banach lattices", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper updates the previous version in the following ways: 1. The main\nresult is extended from the case of sequence spaces to the case of Dedekind\ncomplete Banach lattices. 2. A new appendix is added to mention some sufficient\nand necessary conditions (which are probably already known) for lattices to be\nDedekind complete.\n We deal with the question of whether or not the p-convexified couple\n(X_0^{(p)},X_1^{(p)}) is a Calderon couple under the assumption that (X_0,X_1)\nis a Calderon couple of Banach lattices on some measure space. We find that the\nanswer is affirmative, not only in the case of sequence spaces treated in the\nprevious version, but also in the case where X_0 and X_1 are Dedekind complete\nBanach lattices (and provided the same additional \"positivity\" assumption is\nimposed regarding (X_0,X_1)). We also prove a quantitative version of the\nresult with appropriate norm estimates.\n" }, { "id": "2ea853a6-c440-41c3-9e4f-0798d2676a34", "adv_source_id": "2ea853a6-c440-41c3-9e4f-0798d2676a34", "source_id": "2ea853a6-c440-41c3-9e4f-0798d2676a34", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lie-Semigroup Structures for Reachability and Control of Open Quantum\n Systems: Viewing Markovian Quantum Channels as Lie Semigroups and\n GKS-Lindblad Generators as Lie Wedge", "prompt": null, "generation": " In view of controlling finite dimensional open quantum systems, we provide a\nunified Lie-semigroup framework describing the structure of completely positive\ntrace-preserving maps. It allows (i) to identify the Kossakowski-Lindblad\ngenerators as the Lie wedge of a subsemigroup, (ii) to link properties of Lie\nsemigroups such as divisibility with Markov properties of quantum channels, and\n(iii) to characterise reachable sets and controllability in open systems. We\nelucidate when time-optimal controls derived for the analogous closed system\nalready give good fidelities in open systems and when a more detailed knowledge\nof the open system (e.g., in terms of the parameters of its\nKossakowski-Lindblad master equation) is actually required for state-of-the-art\noptimal-control algorithms. -- As an outlook, we sketch the structure of a new,\npotentially more efficient numerical approach explicitly making use of the\ncorresponding Lie wedge.\n" }, { "id": "9f41529b-a807-4913-96f2-737333790db9", "adv_source_id": "9f41529b-a807-4913-96f2-737333790db9", "source_id": "9f41529b-a807-4913-96f2-737333790db9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probing defects in chemically synthesized ZnO nanostrucures by Positron\n Annihilation and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " The present article describes the size induced changes in the structural\narrangement of intrinsic defects present in chemically synthesized ZnO\nnanoparticles of various sizes. Routine X-ray diffraction (XRD) and\nTransmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) have been performed to determine the\nshapes and sizes of the nanocrystalline ZnO samples. Detailed studies using\npositron annihilation spectroscopy reveals the presence of zinc vacancy.\nWhereas analysis of photoluminescence results predict the signature of charged\noxygen vacancies. The size induced changes in positron parameters as well as\nthe photoluminescence properties, has shown contrasting or non-monotonous\ntrends as size varies from 4 nm to 85 nm. Small spherical particles below a\ncritical size (~ 23 nm) receive more positive surface charge due to the higher\noccupancy of the doubly charge oxygen vacancy as compared to the bigger\nnanostructures where singly charged oxygen vacancy predominates. This\nelectronic alteration has been seen to trigger yet another interesting\nphenomenon, described as positron confinement inside nanoparticles. Finally,\nbased on all the results, a model of the structural arrangement of the\nintrinsic defects in the present samples has been reconciled.\n" }, { "id": "8b6f5638-cf36-47f5-8182-b5f317573ce2", "adv_source_id": "8b6f5638-cf36-47f5-8182-b5f317573ce2", "source_id": "8b6f5638-cf36-47f5-8182-b5f317573ce2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background originating from Halo Mergers", "prompt": null, "generation": " The stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB) from halo mergers is\ninvestigated by a quasi-analytic method. The method we employ consists of two\nsteps. The first step is to construct a merger tree by using the Extended\nPress-Schechter formalism or the Sheth & Tormen formalism, with Monte-Carlo\nrealizations. This merger tree provides evolution of halo masses. From $N$-body\nsimulation of two-halo mergers, we can estimate the amount of gravitational\nwave emission induced by the individual merger process. Therefore the second\nstep is to combine this gravitaional wave emission to the merger tree and\nobtain the amplitude of GWB. We find $\\Omega_{GW}\\sim 10^{-19}$ for $f\\sim\n10^{-17}-10^{-16}$ Hz, where $\\Omega_{GW}$ is the energy density of the GWB. It\nturns out that most of the contribution on the GWB comes from halos with masses\nbelow $10^{15} M_\\odot$ and mergers at low redshift, i.e., $07.\n" }, { "id": "56d869e7-c551-41cc-8b5c-d9ada52eb236", "adv_source_id": "56d869e7-c551-41cc-8b5c-d9ada52eb236", "source_id": "56d869e7-c551-41cc-8b5c-d9ada52eb236", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Suppression of molecular decay in ultracold gases without Fermi\n statistics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study inelastic processes for ultracold three-body systems in which only\none interaction is resonant. We have found that the decay rates for weakly\nbound molecules due to collisions with other atoms can be suppressed not only\nwithout fermionic statistics but also when bosonic statistics applies. In\naddition, we show that at ultracold temperatures three-body recombination\ninvolving a single resonant pair of atoms leads mainly to formation of weakly\nbound molecules which, in turn, are stable against decay. These results\nindicate that recombination in three-component atomic gases can be used as an\nefficient mechanism for molecular formation, allowing the achievement of high\nmolecular densities.\n" }, { "id": "cbfb7987-690a-43d7-868c-13f2879cee55", "adv_source_id": "cbfb7987-690a-43d7-868c-13f2879cee55", "source_id": "cbfb7987-690a-43d7-868c-13f2879cee55", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scattering of Stark-decelerated OH radicals with rare-gas atoms", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on the rotationally\ninelastic scattering of OH ($X\\,^2\\Pi_{3/2}, J=3/2, f$) radicals with the\ncollision partners He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and D$_2$ as a function of the collision\nenergy between $\\sim 70$ cm$^{-1}$ and 400~cm$^{-1}$. The OH radicals are state\nselected and velocity tuned prior to the collision using a Stark decelerator,\nand field-free parity-resolved state-to-state inelastic relative scattering\ncross sections are measured in a crossed molecular beam configuration. For all\nOH-rare gas atom systems excellent agreement is obtained with the cross\nsections predicted by close-coupling scattering calculations based on accurate\n\\emph{ab initio} potential energy surfaces. This series of experiments\ncomplements recent studies on the scattering of OH radicals with Xe [Gilijamse\n\\emph{et al.}, Science {\\bf 313}, 1617 (2006)], Ar [Scharfenberg \\emph{et al.},\nPhys. Chem. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 12}, 10660 (2010)], He, and D$_2$ [Kirste \\emph{et\nal.}, Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 82}, 042717 (2010)]. A comparison of the relative\nscattering cross sections for this set of collision partners reveals\ninteresting trends in the scattering behavior.\n" }, { "id": "dadce673-1479-4984-9b77-77935aee7563", "adv_source_id": "dadce673-1479-4984-9b77-77935aee7563", "source_id": "dadce673-1479-4984-9b77-77935aee7563", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the redshift of the blazar PKS0447-439", "prompt": null, "generation": " PKS0447-439 is one of the BL Lacertae objects that have been detected at very\nhigh energy. There has been a recent report of a lower limit of z>1.246 for the\nredshift of this blazar, challenging the current paradigm in which very\nhigh-energy gamma-rays cannot freely propagate in the z>1 universe. In this\nresearch note, we present a new MagE/Magellan spectrum of PKS0447-439 with\nexquisite signal-to-noise (S/N>150 at 6500A). Our analysis confirms the\npresence of the previously-reported absorption line at 6280A, which we\nidentify, however, with a known telluric absorption, invalidating the claim\nthat this blazar lies at z>1. Since no other extragalactic spectral features\nare detected, we cannot establish a redshift based on our spectrum.\n" }, { "id": "a691cbee-a3d5-4926-b80f-0ba7df91d93f", "adv_source_id": "a691cbee-a3d5-4926-b80f-0ba7df91d93f", "source_id": "a691cbee-a3d5-4926-b80f-0ba7df91d93f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Adiabatic Perturbations in Homologous Conventional Polytropic Core\n Collapses of a Spherical Star", "prompt": null, "generation": " We perform a non-radial adiabatic perturbation analysis on homologous\nconventional polytropic stellar core collapses. The core collapse features a\npolytropic exponent $\\Gamma=4/3$ relativistic gas under self-gravity of\nspherical symmetry while three-dimensional perturbations involve an adiabatic\nexponent $\\gamma$ with $\\gamma\\neq\\Gamma$ such that the Brunt-V$\\ddot{\\rm\na}$is$\\ddot{\\rm a}$l$\\ddot{\\rm a}$ buoyancy frequency ${\\cal N}$ does not\nvanish. With proper boundary conditions, we derive eigenvalues and\neigenfunctions for different modes of oscillations. In reference to stellar\noscillations and earlier results, we examine behaviours of different modes and\nthe criterion for instabilities. The acoustic p$-$modes and surface f$-$modes\nremain stable. For $\\gamma<\\Gamma$, convective instabilities appear as unstable\ninternal gravity g$^{-}-$modes. For $\\gamma>\\Gamma$, sufficiently low-order\ninternal gravity g$^{+}-$modes are stable, whereas sufficiently high-order\ng$^{+}-$modes, which would have been stable in a static star, become unstable\nduring self-similar core collapses. For supernova explosions, physical\nconsequences of such inevitable g$-$mode instabilities are speculated.\n" }, { "id": "ea2c526e-ee49-4b6f-83aa-d5a77a7079c2", "adv_source_id": "ea2c526e-ee49-4b6f-83aa-d5a77a7079c2", "source_id": "ea2c526e-ee49-4b6f-83aa-d5a77a7079c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Liquidity Risk, Price Impacts and the Replication Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " We extend a linear version of the liquidity risk model of Cetin et al. (2004)\nto allow for price impacts. We show that the impact of a market order on prices\ndepends on the size of the transaction and the level of liquidity. We obtain a\nsimple characterization of self-financing trading strategies and a sufficient\ncondition for no arbitrage. We consider a stochastic volatility model in which\nthe volatility is partly correlated with the liquidity process and show that,\nwith the use of variance swaps, contingent claims whose payoffs depend on the\nvalue of the asset can be approximately replicated in this setting. The\nreplicating costs of such payoffs are obtained from the solutions of BSDEs with\nquadratic growth and analytical properties of these solutions are investigated.\n" }, { "id": "43eb827c-d2d9-484d-8857-e6354320f3da", "adv_source_id": "43eb827c-d2d9-484d-8857-e6354320f3da", "source_id": "43eb827c-d2d9-484d-8857-e6354320f3da", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Complete positivity of the map from a basis to its dual basis", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dual of a matrix ordered space has a natural matrix ordering that makes\nthe dual space matrix ordered as well. The purpose of these notes is to give a\ncondition that describes when the linear map taking a basis of the n by n\nmatrices to its dual basis is a complete order isomorphism and complete\nco-order isomorphism. In the case of the standard matrix units this map is a\ncomplete order isomorphism and this is a restatement of the correspondence\nbetween completely positive maps and the Choi matrix. However, we exhibit\nnatural orthonormal bases for the matrices such that this map is an order\nisomorphism, but not a complete order isomorphism. Some bases yield complete\nco-order isomorphisms. Included among such bases is the Pauli basis and tensor\nproducts of the Pauli basis. Consequently, when the Pauli basis is used in\nplace of the the matrix unit basis, the analogue of Choi's theorem is a\ncharacterization of completely co-positive maps.\n" }, { "id": "2c1ad441-4bb8-4db1-847d-b2c013e3cb10", "adv_source_id": "2c1ad441-4bb8-4db1-847d-b2c013e3cb10", "source_id": "2c1ad441-4bb8-4db1-847d-b2c013e3cb10", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Semantic learning in autonomously active recurrent neural networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " The human brain is autonomously active, being characterized by a\nself-sustained neural activity which would be present even in the absence of\nexternal sensory stimuli. Here we study the interrelation between the\nself-sustained activity in autonomously active recurrent neural nets and\nexternal sensory stimuli.\n There is no a priori semantical relation between the influx of external\nstimuli and the patterns generated internally by the autonomous and ongoing\nbrain dynamics. The question then arises when and how are semantic correlations\nbetween internal and external dynamical processes learned and built up?\n We study this problem within the paradigm of transient state dynamics for the\nneural activity in recurrent neural nets, i.e. for an autonomous neural\nactivity characterized by an infinite time-series of transiently stable\nattractor states. We propose that external stimuli will be relevant during the\nsensitive periods, {\\it viz} the transition period between one transient state\nand the subsequent semi-stable attractor. A diffusive learning signal is\ngenerated unsupervised whenever the stimulus influences the internal dynamics\nqualitatively.\n For testing we have presented to the model system stimuli corresponding to\nthe bars and stripes problem. We found that the system performs a non-linear\nindependent component analysis on its own, being continuously and autonomously\nactive. This emergent cognitive capability results here from a general\nprinciple for the neural dynamics, the competition between neural ensembles.\n" }, { "id": "5e54a5c5-8e2f-4505-87b2-4905ec83d93c", "adv_source_id": "5e54a5c5-8e2f-4505-87b2-4905ec83d93c", "source_id": "5e54a5c5-8e2f-4505-87b2-4905ec83d93c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The genealogy of extremal particles of Branching Brownian Motion", "prompt": null, "generation": " Branching Brownian Motion describes a system of particles which diffuse in\nspace and split into offsprings according to a certain random mechanism. In\nvirtue of the groundbreaking work by M. Bramson on the convergence of solutions\nof the Fisher-KPP equation to traveling waves, the law of the rightmost\nparticle in the limit of large times is rather well understood. In this work,\nwe address the full statistics of the extremal particles (first-, second-,\nthird- etc. largest). In particular, we prove that in the large $t-$limit, such\nparticles descend with overwhelming probability from ancestors having split\neither within a distance of order one from time 0, or within a distance of\norder one from time $t$. The approach relies on characterizing, up to a certain\nlevel of precision, the paths of the extremal particles. As a byproduct, a\nheuristic picture of Branching Brownian Motion \"at the edge\" emerges, which\nsheds light on the still unknown limiting extremal process.\n" }, { "id": "20a6edc9-7951-41f0-9b58-dea19fdc17df", "adv_source_id": "20a6edc9-7951-41f0-9b58-dea19fdc17df", "source_id": "20a6edc9-7951-41f0-9b58-dea19fdc17df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Fermi surface and the role of electronic correlations in\n Sm$_{2-x}$Ce$_{x}$CuO$_4$", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using LDA+GTB (local density approximation+generalized tight-binding) hybrid\nscheme we investigate the band structure of the electron-doped high-$T_c$\nmaterial Sm$_{2-x}$Ce$_{x}$CuO$_4$. Parameters of the minimal tight-binding\nmodel for this system (the so-called 3-band Emery model) were obtained within\nthe NMTO ($N$-th order Muffin-Tin orbital) method. Doping evolution of the\ndispersion and Fermi surface in the presence of electronic correlations was\ninvestigated in two regimes of magnetic order: short-range (spin-liquid) and\nlong-range (antiferromagnetic metal). Each regime is characterized by the\nspecific topologies of the Fermi surfaces and we discuss their relation to\nrecent experimental data.\n" }, { "id": "6bf1c592-58c8-41ae-9f27-ffc328ec2a7b", "adv_source_id": "6bf1c592-58c8-41ae-9f27-ffc328ec2a7b", "source_id": "6bf1c592-58c8-41ae-9f27-ffc328ec2a7b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improvements in the determination of ISS Ca II K parameters", "prompt": null, "generation": " Measurements of the ionized Ca II K line are one of the major resources for\nlong-term studies of solar and stellar activity. They also play a critical role\nin many studies related to solar irradiance variability, particularly as a\nground-based proxy to model the solar ultraviolet flux variation that may\ninfluence the Earth's climate. Full disk images of the Sun in Ca II K have been\navailable from various observatories for more than 100 years and latter\nsynoptic Sun-as-a-star observations in Ca II K began in the early 1970s. One of\nthese instruments, the Integrated Sunlight Spectrometer (ISS) has been in\noperation at Kitt Peak (Arizona) since late 2006. The ISS takes daily\nobservations of solar spectra in nine spectra bands, including the Ca II K and\nH line s. We describe recent improvements in data reduction of Ca II K\nobservations, and present time variations of nine parameters derived from the\nprofile of this spectral line.\n" }, { "id": "e4cd1db4-327a-4622-8605-1767c19dfee2", "adv_source_id": "e4cd1db4-327a-4622-8605-1767c19dfee2", "source_id": "e4cd1db4-327a-4622-8605-1767c19dfee2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Finite-size scaling of pseudo-critical point distributions in the random\n transverse-field Ising chain", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the distribution of finite size pseudo-critical points in a\none-dimensional random quantum magnet with a quantum phase transition described\nby an infinite randomness fixed point. Pseudo-critical points are defined in\nthree different ways: the position of the maximum of the average entanglement\nentropy, the scaling behavior of the surface magnetization, and the energy of a\nsoft mode. All three lead to a log-normal distribution of the pseudo-critical\ntransverse fields, where the width scales as $L^{-1/\\nu}$ with $\\nu=2$ and the\nshift of the average value scales as $L^{-1/\\nu_{typ}}$ with $\\nu_{typ}=1$,\nwhich we related to the scaling of average and typical quantities in the\ncritical region.\n" }, { "id": "af81f3f4-5025-49a1-8fb0-c56f728db3fa", "adv_source_id": "af81f3f4-5025-49a1-8fb0-c56f728db3fa", "source_id": "af81f3f4-5025-49a1-8fb0-c56f728db3fa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simple and secure quantum key distribution with biphotons", "prompt": null, "generation": " The best qubit one-way quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol can tolerate\nup to 14.1% in the error rate. It has been shown how this rate can be increased\nby using larger quantum systems. The polarization state of a biphoton can\nencode a three level quantum system - a qutrit. The realization of a QKD system\nwith biphotons encounters several problems in generating, manipulating and\ndetecting such photon states. We define those limitations and find within them\na few protocols that perform almost as well as the ideal qutrit protocol. One\nadvantage is that these protocols can be implemented with minor modifications\ninto existing single photon systems. The security of one protocol is proved for\nthe most general coherent attacks and the largest acceptable error rate for\nthis protocol is found to be around 17.7%. This is the first time, to the best\nof our knowledge, that the security of qutrit QKD protocols is rigorously\nanalyzed against general attacks.\n" }, { "id": "39dafbc4-ddbb-4480-b758-3453dc21173c", "adv_source_id": "39dafbc4-ddbb-4480-b758-3453dc21173c", "source_id": "39dafbc4-ddbb-4480-b758-3453dc21173c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Equal-time two-point correlation functions in Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills\n theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We apply a functional perturbative approach to the calculation of the\nequal-time two-point correlation functions and the potential between static\ncolor charges to one-loop order in Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory. The\nfunctional approach proceeds through a solution of the Schroedinger equation\nfor the vacuum wave functional to order g^2 and derives the equal-time\ncorrelation functions from a functional integral representation via new\ndiagrammatic rules. We show that the results coincide with those obtained from\nthe usual Lagrangian functional integral approach, extract the beta function,\nand determine the anomalous dimensions of the equal-time gluon and ghost\ntwo-point functions and the static potential under the assumption of\nmultiplicative renormalizability to all orders.\n" }, { "id": "925eb81b-27a2-4bc1-8789-1798b7d03594", "adv_source_id": "925eb81b-27a2-4bc1-8789-1798b7d03594", "source_id": "925eb81b-27a2-4bc1-8789-1798b7d03594", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Dispersion in N-band Spectra:\n Implications for Mid-IR Systems on ELTs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Adaptive optics will almost completely remove the effects of atmospheric\nturbulence at 10 microns on the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) generation of\ntelescopes. In this paper, we observationally confirm that the next most\nimportant limitation to image quality is atmospheric dispersion, rather than\ntelescope diffraction. By using the 6.5 meter MMT with its unique mid-IR\nadaptive optics system, we measure atmospheric dispersion in the N-band with\nthe newly commissioned spectroscopic mode on MIRAC4-BLINC. Our results indicate\nthat atmospheric dispersion is generally linear in the N-band, although there\nis some residual curvature. We compare our measurements to theory, and make\npredictions for ELT Strehls and image FHWM with and without an atmospheric\ndispersion corrector (ADC). We find that for many mid-IR applications, an ADC\nwill be necessary on ELTs.\n" }, { "id": "c3c95af5-8460-4626-8715-dd73eec4a662", "adv_source_id": "c3c95af5-8460-4626-8715-dd73eec4a662", "source_id": "c3c95af5-8460-4626-8715-dd73eec4a662", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First results on Cosmic Ray electron spectrum below 20 GeV from the\n Fermi LAT", "prompt": null, "generation": " Designed to be a successor of the previous flown space based gamma ray\ndetectors, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) is also an electron detector.\nTaking advantage of its capability to separate electromagnetic and hadronic\nsignals it is possible to accurately measure the Cosmic Ray electron spectrum.\nThe spectra of primary cosmic ray electrons below 20 GeV is influenced by many\nlocal effects such as solar modulation and the geomagnetic cutoff. For energies\nbelow a few GeV it is possible to observe the albedo population of electrons\nwhich are controlled by the local magnetic field. In this paper we present the\nLAT electron analysis in particular event selection and validation as well as\nthe first results on the measurement of the electron spectrum below 20 GeV.\n" }, { "id": "92503f45-21dc-4d71-af88-d51ea9ef299d", "adv_source_id": "92503f45-21dc-4d71-af88-d51ea9ef299d", "source_id": "92503f45-21dc-4d71-af88-d51ea9ef299d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gemini/GMOS Spectroscopy of the Spheroid and Globular Cluster System of\n NGC 3923", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a technique to extract ultra-deep diffuse-light spectra from the\nstandard multi-object spectroscopic observations used to investigate\nextragalactic globular cluster (GC) systems. This technique allows a clean\nextraction of the spectrum of the host galaxy diffuse light from the same\nslitlets as the GC targets. We show the utility of the method for investigating\nthe kinematics and stellar populations of galaxies at radii much greater than\nusually probed in longslit studies, at no additional expense in terms of\ntelescope time. To demonstrate this technique we present Gemini/GMOS\nspectroscopy of 29 GCs associated with the elliptical galaxy NGC 3923. We\ncompare the measured stellar population parameters of the GC system with those\nof the spheroid of NGC 3923 at the same projected radii, and find the GCs to\nhave old ages (> 10 Gyr), [alpha/Fe]~0.3 and a range of metallicities running\nfrom [Z/H] = -1.8 to +0.35. The diffuse light of the galaxy is found to have\nages, metallicities and [alpha/Fe] abundance ratios indistinguishable from\nthose of the red GCs.\n" }, { "id": "c5c209a6-5f3a-4629-b63a-c92f6a69f887", "adv_source_id": "c5c209a6-5f3a-4629-b63a-c92f6a69f887", "source_id": "c5c209a6-5f3a-4629-b63a-c92f6a69f887", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lower Redshift Analogues of the Sources of Reionization", "prompt": null, "generation": " Known populations of QSOs appear to fall short of producing the ionizing flux\nrequired for re-ionizing the universe. The alternative, galaxies as sources of\nionizing photons, suffers from the problem that known types of galaxies are\nalmost completely opaque to ionizing photons. For reionization to happen,\neither large numbers of (largely undiscovered) sources are required, or the\nknown populations of galaxies need to have had a much larger escape fraction\nfor ionizing radiation in the past. We discuss recent discoveries of faint z~3\nLyman alpha emitters with asymmetric, extended Lyman alpha emission regions,\nwhich apparently are related to interacting galaxies. The unusually shaped line\nprofiles and the underlying stellar populations of these objects suggest the\npresence of damaged gaseous halos, infall of gas, tidal or stripped stellar\nfeatures and young populations of hot stars, that would all be conducive to the\nrelease of ionizing radiation. As galaxy interactions and mergers increase with\nredshift, these effects can only become more important at earlier times, and so\nthese interacting z~3 objects may be late, lower redshift analogues of the\nsources of reionization.\n" }, { "id": "4185ec9b-a33c-4a37-941d-209c77e75358", "adv_source_id": "4185ec9b-a33c-4a37-941d-209c77e75358", "source_id": "4185ec9b-a33c-4a37-941d-209c77e75358", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "GRB 060206 and the quandary of achromatic breaks in afterglow light\n curves", "prompt": null, "generation": " Gamma-ray burst afterglow observations in the Swift era have a perceived lack\nof achromatic jet breaks compared to the BeppoSAX era. We present our\nmulti-wavelength analysis of GRB 060206 as an illustrative example of how\ninferences of jet breaks from optical and X-ray data might differ. The results\nof temporal and spectral analyses are compared, and attempts are made to fit\nthe data within the context of the standard blast wave model. We find that\nwhile the break appears more pronounced in the optical and evidence for it from\nthe X-ray alone is weak, the data are actually consistent with an achromatic\nbreak at about 16 hours. This break and the light curves fit standard blast\nwave models, either as a jet break or as an injection break. As the pre-Swift\nsample of afterglows are dominated by optical observations, and in the Swift\nera most well sampled light curves are in the X-ray, caution is needed when\nmaking a direct comparison between the two samples, and when making definite\nstatements on the absence of achromatic breaks.\n" }, { "id": "9ee60cf4-f798-409d-8fa3-baf4b2014fc3", "adv_source_id": "9ee60cf4-f798-409d-8fa3-baf4b2014fc3", "source_id": "9ee60cf4-f798-409d-8fa3-baf4b2014fc3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Remarks on Barbero-Immirzi parameter as a field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We revisit a propagating torsion gravity theory obtained by introducing a\nfield coupled to the Holst term in the first-order Einstein-Cartan action. The\nresulting theory has second order field equations, no adjustable coupling\nconstants, and one more propagating degree of freedom as compared to general\nrelativity. When no fermions are present the theory is known to be equivalent\nto that of a single massless scalar field canonically coupled to gravity. We\nextend this result to the case with fermions and obtain an effective\ninteraction between the scalar field and the fermionic currents. We also\ndescribe a version of the theory with a potential for the scalar field and\ndiscuss whether it can be interpreted as the inflaton.\n" }, { "id": "c6ad3af4-3c4a-4845-8d15-9c5f01569f6e", "adv_source_id": "c6ad3af4-3c4a-4845-8d15-9c5f01569f6e", "source_id": "c6ad3af4-3c4a-4845-8d15-9c5f01569f6e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High Pressure studies of the magnetic phase transition in MnSi:\n revisited", "prompt": null, "generation": " New measurements of AC magnetic susceptibility and DC resistivity of a high\nquality single crystal MnSi were carried out at high pressure making use of\nhelium as a pressure medium. The form of the AC magnetic susceptibility curves\nat the magnetic phase transition suddenly changes upon helium solidification.\nThis implies strong sensitivity of magnetic properties of MnSi to non\nhydrostatic stresses and suggests that the early claims on the existence of a\ntricritical point at the phase transition line are probably a result of\nmisinterpretation of the experimental data. At the same time resistivity\nbehavior at the phase transition does not show such a significant influence of\nhelium solidification. The sharp peak at the temperature derivative of\nresistivity, signifying the first order nature of the phase transition in MnSi\nsuccessfully survived helium crystallization and continued the same way to the\nhighest pressure.\n" }, { "id": "5078e370-a76d-4fb2-8259-0a5a25c45827", "adv_source_id": "5078e370-a76d-4fb2-8259-0a5a25c45827", "source_id": "5078e370-a76d-4fb2-8259-0a5a25c45827", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for vertical stratification of metals in atmospheres of blue\n horizontal-branch stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " The observed abundance peculiarities of many chemical species relative to the\nexpected cluster metallicity in blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars presumably\nappear as a result of atomic diffusion in the photosphere. The slow rotation\n(typically $v\\sin{i}<$ 10 km s$^{-1}$) of BHB stars with effective temperatures\n$T_{\\rm eff}>$ 11,500 K supports this idea since the diffusion mechanism is\nonly effective in a stable stellar atmosphere. In this work we search for\nobservational evidence of vertical chemical stratification in the atmospheres\nof six hot BHB stars: B84, B267 and B279 in M15 and WF2-2541, WF4-3085 and\nWF4-3485 in M13. We undertake an abundance stratification analysis of the\nstellar atmospheres of the aforementioned stars, based on acquired Keck HIRES\nspectra. We have found from our numerical simulations that three stars (B267,\nB279 and WF2-2541) show clear signatures of the vertical stratification of iron\nwhose abundance increases toward the lower atmosphere, while the other two\nstars (B84 and WF4-3485) do not. For WF4-3085 the iron stratification results\nare inconclusive. B267 also shows a signature of titanium stratification. Our\nestimates for radial velocity, $v\\sin{i}$ and overall iron, titanium and\nphosphorus abundances agree with previously published data for these stars\nafter taking the measurement errors into account. The results support the\nhypothesis regarding the efficiency of atomic diffusion in the stellar\natmospheres of BHB stars with $T_{\\rm eff}>$ 11,500 K.\n" }, { "id": "cdae4937-0a7c-4059-b792-49a4ea4078fd", "adv_source_id": "cdae4937-0a7c-4059-b792-49a4ea4078fd", "source_id": "cdae4937-0a7c-4059-b792-49a4ea4078fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A General Framework for Computing Optimal Correlated Equilibria in\n Compact Games", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the problem of computing a correlated equilibrium that optimizes\nsome objective (e.g., social welfare). Papadimitriou and Roughgarden [2008]\ngave a sufficient condition for the tractability of this problem; however, this\ncondition only applies to a subset of existing representations. We propose a\ndifferent algorithmic approach for the optimal CE problem that applies to all\ncompact representations, and give a sufficient condition that generalizes that\nof Papadimitriou and Roughgarden. In particular, we reduce the optimal CE\nproblem to the deviation-adjusted social welfare problem, a combinatorial\noptimization problem closely related to the optimal social welfare problem.\nThis framework allows us to identify new classes of games for which the optimal\nCE problem is tractable; we show that graphical polymatrix games on tree graphs\nare one example. We also study the problem of computing the optimal coarse\ncorrelated equilibrium, a solution concept closely related to CE. Using a\nsimilar approach we derive a sufficient condition for this problem, and use it\nto prove that the problem is tractable for singleton congestion games.\n" }, { "id": "dbe233e3-e20f-4aaa-b424-34e586133f4f", "adv_source_id": "dbe233e3-e20f-4aaa-b424-34e586133f4f", "source_id": "dbe233e3-e20f-4aaa-b424-34e586133f4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "VLT adaptive optics search for luminous substructures in the lens galaxy\n towards SDSS J0924+0219", "prompt": null, "generation": " Anomalous flux ratios between quasar images are suspected to be caused by\nsubstructures in lens galaxies. We present new deep and high resolution H and\nKs imaging of the strongly lensed quasar SDSS J0924+0219 obtained using the ESO\nVLT with adaptive optics and the Laser Guide Star system. SDSS J0924+0219 is\nparticularly interesting as the observed flux ratio between the quasar images\nvastly disagree with the predictions from smooth mass models. With our adaptive\noptics observations we find a luminous object, Object L, located ~0.3\" to the\nNorth of the lens galaxy, but we show that it can not be responsible for the\nanomalous flux ratios. Object L as well as a luminous extension of the lens\ngalaxy to the South are seen in the archival HST/ACS image in the F814W filter.\nThis suggests that Object L is part of a bar in the lens galaxy, as also\nsupported by the presence of a significant disk component in the light profile\nof the lens galaxy. Finally, we do not find evidence for any other luminous\nsubstructure that may explain the quasar images flux ratios. However, owe to\nthe persistence of the flux ratio anomaly over time (~ 7 years) a combination\nof microlensing and milli-lensing is the favorite explanation for the\nobservations.\n" }, { "id": "5c739f7b-aa66-4d7f-b03d-65119e2fc868", "adv_source_id": "5c739f7b-aa66-4d7f-b03d-65119e2fc868", "source_id": "5c739f7b-aa66-4d7f-b03d-65119e2fc868", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The influence of rotation on optical emission profiles of O stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the formation of photospheric emission lines in O stars and show\nthat the rectangular profiles, sometimes double peaked, that are observed for\nsome stars are a direct consequence of rotation, and it is unnecessary to\ninvoke an enhanced density structure in the equatorial regions. Emission lines,\nsuch as N IV 4058 and the N III 4634-4640-4642 multiplet, exhibit non-standard\n\"limb darkening\" laws. The lines can be in absorption for rays striking the\ncenter of the star and in emission for rays near the limb. Weak features in the\nflux spectrum do not necessarily indicate an intrinsically weak feature --\ninstead the feature can be weak because of cancellation between absorption in\n\"core\" rays and emission from rays near the limb. Rotation also modifies line\nprofiles of wind diagnostics such as He II 4686 and Halpha and should not be\nneglected when inferring the actual stratification, level and nature of wind\nstructures.\n" }, { "id": "fda9ef05-1abf-47e3-8ee7-7cb2b335e4cc", "adv_source_id": "fda9ef05-1abf-47e3-8ee7-7cb2b335e4cc", "source_id": "fda9ef05-1abf-47e3-8ee7-7cb2b335e4cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Flexible Cell Association: A\n Comprehensive Downlink SINR Analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we develop a tractable framework for SINR analysis in downlink\nheterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with flexible cell association policies.\nThe HCN is modeled as a multi-tier cellular network where each tier's base\nstations (BSs) are randomly located and have a particular transmit power, path\nloss exponent, spatial density, and bias towards admitting mobile users. For\nexample, as compared to macrocells, picocells would usually have lower transmit\npower, higher path loss exponent (lower antennas), higher spatial density (many\npicocells per macrocell), and a positive bias so that macrocell users are\nactively encouraged to use the more lightly loaded picocells. In the present\npaper we implicitly assume all base stations have full queues; future work\nshould relax this. For this model, we derive the outage probability of a\ntypical user in the whole network or a certain tier, which is equivalently the\ndownlink SINR cumulative distribution function. The results are accurate for\nall SINRs, and their expressions admit quite simple closed-forms in some\nplausible special cases. We also derive the \\emph{average ergodic rate} of the\ntypical user, and the \\emph{minimum average user throughput} -- the smallest\nvalue among the average user throughputs supported by one cell in each tier. We\nobserve that neither the number of BSs or tiers changes the outage probability\nor average ergodic rate in an interference-limited full-loaded HCN with\nunbiased cell association (no biasing), and observe how biasing alters the\nvarious metrics.\n" }, { "id": "e676d76d-85bb-4264-9d69-8529a7163206", "adv_source_id": "e676d76d-85bb-4264-9d69-8529a7163206", "source_id": "e676d76d-85bb-4264-9d69-8529a7163206", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Beyond networks: Opinion formation in triplet-based populations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study a process of opinion formation in a population of agents whose\ninteraction pattern is defined on the basis of randomly distributed groups of\nthree agents, or triplets -in contrast to networks, which are defined on the\nbasis of agent pairs. Results for the time needed to reach full consensus are\ncompared between a triplet-based structure with a given number of triplets and\na random network with the same number of triangles. The full-consensus time in\nthe triplet structure is systematically lower than in the network. This\ndiscrepancy can be ascribed to differences in the shape of the probability\ndistribution for the number of triplets and triangles per agent in each\ninteraction pattern.\n" }, { "id": "d524a51d-bbae-4943-b096-83cd6ae51a66", "adv_source_id": "d524a51d-bbae-4943-b096-83cd6ae51a66", "source_id": "d524a51d-bbae-4943-b096-83cd6ae51a66", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Arithmetic Circuits and the Hadamard Product of Polynomials", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by the Hadamard product of matrices we define the Hadamard product\nof multivariate polynomials and study its arithmetic circuit and branching\nprogram complexity. We also give applications and connections to polynomial\nidentity testing. Our main results are the following. 1. We show that\nnoncommutative polynomial identity testing for algebraic branching programs\nover rationals is complete for the logspace counting class $\\ceql$, and over\nfields of characteristic $p$ the problem is in $\\ModpL/\\Poly$. 2.We show an\nexponential lower bound for expressing the Raz-Yehudayoff polynomial as the\nHadamard product of two monotone multilinear polynomials. In contrast the\nPermanent can be expressed as the Hadamard product of two monotone multilinear\nformulas of quadratic size.\n" }, { "id": "3456e60b-ccc6-4f31-b609-eb7aa1ef0157", "adv_source_id": "3456e60b-ccc6-4f31-b609-eb7aa1ef0157", "source_id": "3456e60b-ccc6-4f31-b609-eb7aa1ef0157", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Parameterized generic Galois groups for q-difference equations, followed\n by the appendix \"The Galois D-groupoid of a q-difference system\" by Anne\n Granier", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce the parameterized generic Galois group of a q-difference module,\nthat is a differential group in the sense of Kolchin. It is associated to the\nsmallest differential tannakian category generated by the q-difference module,\nequipped with the forgetful functor. Our previous results on the Grothendieck\nconjecture for q-difference equations lead to an adelic description of the\nparameterized generic Galois group, in the spirit of the Grothendieck-Katz's\nconjecture on p-curvatures. Using this description, we show that the\nMalgrange-Granier D-groupoid of a nonlinear q-difference system coincides, in\nthe linear case, with the parameterized generic Galois group introduced here.\nThe paper is followed by an appendix by A. Granier, that provides a quick\nintroduction to the D-groupoid of a non-linear q-difference equation.\n" }, { "id": "5169c1bd-fe6e-4752-9c2d-aee29df0a071", "adv_source_id": "5169c1bd-fe6e-4752-9c2d-aee29df0a071", "source_id": "5169c1bd-fe6e-4752-9c2d-aee29df0a071", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics Interpretation of the Tadpole VV29 Merging\n Galaxy System: Dark-Matter-Halo-Planet Star-Cluster Wakes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Hubble Space telescope (HST) images of merging galaxy system VV29 reveal the\n0.3 Mpc baryonic-dark-matter (BDM) halo composed of primordial\nprotoglobularstarcluster (PGC) clumps of planets. Star-cluster-wakes trace the\nmerger by formation of stars from the planets. Aligned young globular star\nclusters (YGCs), star-wakes and dust-trails show the frictional, spiral passage\nof galaxy fragments VV29cdef in a long tail-like galaxy (VV29b) as the\nfragments merge on the accretion disk plane of the central spiral galaxy VV29a.\nThe observations confirm the hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) prediction of\nGibson 1996 and quasar microlensing inference of Schild 1996 that the dark\nmatter of galaxies is dominated by planets (PFPs) in million-solar-mass clumps.\nGlobular star clusters (YGCs, OGCs, PGCs) preserve the density of the plasma\nepoch 30,000 years after the big bang when viscous supercluster-fragmentation\nbegan. Tadpole images show linear galaxy clusters reflecting turbulent vortex\nlines of protogalaxy fragmentation at the 0.003 Mpc Kolmogorov-Nomura scale of\nthe plasma before transition to gas. The halo size indicates strong diffusion\nof PGC primordial-planet-clumps from a cooling protogalaxy as its planets\nfreeze.\n" }, { "id": "9bc39b53-7c36-46bd-b24f-6f95fb59389f", "adv_source_id": "9bc39b53-7c36-46bd-b24f-6f95fb59389f", "source_id": "9bc39b53-7c36-46bd-b24f-6f95fb59389f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Polytropic Model of Quark Stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " A polytropic quark star model is suggested in order to establish a general\nframework in which theoretical quark star models could be tested by\nobservations. The key difference between polytropic quark stars and the\npolytropic model studied previously for normal (i.e., non-quarkian) stars is\nrelated to two issues: (i) a constant term representing the contribution of\nvacuum energy may be added in the energy density and the pressure for a quark\nstar, but not for a normal star; (ii) the quark star models with non-vanishing\ndensity at the stellar surface are not avoidable due to the strong interaction\nbetween quarks. The first one implies that the vacuum inside a quark star is\ndifferent from that outside, while the second one is relevant to the effect of\ncolor confinement. The polytropic equations of state are stiffer than that\nderived in conventional realistic models (e.g., the bag model) for quark\nmatter, and pulsar-like stars calculated with a polytropic equation of state\ncould then have high maximum masses (> 2 M_sun). Quark stars can also be very\nlow massive, and be still gravitationally stable even if the polytropic index,\nn, is greater than 3. All these would result in different mass-radius\nrelations, which could be tested by observations. In addition, substantial\nstrain energy would develop in a solid quark star during its accretion/spindown\nphase, and could be high enough to take a star-quake. The energy released\nduring star-quakes could be as high as ~ 10^{47} ergs if the tangential\npressure is ~ 10^{-6} higher than the radial one.\n" }, { "id": "586e52b1-d4fc-4437-951f-105b2d3ba4c9", "adv_source_id": "586e52b1-d4fc-4437-951f-105b2d3ba4c9", "source_id": "586e52b1-d4fc-4437-951f-105b2d3ba4c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the rapid demise of Lyman-alpha emitters at z>7 due to the increasing\n incidence of optically thick absorption systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " A variety of independent observational studies have now reported a\nsignificant decline in the fraction of Lyman-break galaxies which exhibit Ly-a\nemission over the redshift interval z=6-7. In combination with the strong\ndamping wing extending redward of Ly-a in the spectrum of the bright z=7.085\nquasar ULAS 1120+0641, this has strengthened suggestions that the hydrogen in\nthe intergalactic medium (IGM) is still substantially neutral at z~7. Current\ntheoretical models imply HI fractions as large as 40-90 per cent may be\nrequired to explain these data assuming there is no intrinsic evolution in the\nLy-a emitter population. We propose that such large neutral fractions are not\nnecessary. Based on a hydrodynamical simulation which reproduces the absorption\nspectra of high-redshift (z~6-7) quasars, we demonstrate that the opacity of\nthe intervening IGM redward of rest-frame Ly-a can rise rapidly in average\nregions of the Universe simply because of the increasing incidence of\nabsorption systems which are optically thick to Lyman continuum photons as the\ntail-end of reionisation is approached. Our simulations suggest these data do\nnot require a large change in the IGM neutral fraction by several tens of per\ncent from z=6-7, but may instead be indicative of the rapid decrease in the\ntypical mean free path for ionising photons expected during the final stages of\nreionisation.\n" }, { "id": "ec75e567-cb8a-417a-b5f4-d2014e7d6810", "adv_source_id": "ec75e567-cb8a-417a-b5f4-d2014e7d6810", "source_id": "ec75e567-cb8a-417a-b5f4-d2014e7d6810", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Substance graphs are optimal simple-graph representations of metabolism", "prompt": null, "generation": " One approach to studying the system-wide organization of biochemistry is to\nuse statistical graph theory. Even in such a heavily simplified method, which\ndisregards most of the dynamic aspects of biochemistry, one is faced with\nfundamental questions, such as how the chemical reaction systems should be\nreduced to a graph retaining as much functional information as possible from\nthe original reaction system. In such graph representations, should the edges\ngo between substrates and products, or substrates and substrates, or both?\nShould vertices represent substances or reactions? Different definitions encode\ndifferent information about the reaction system. In this paper we evaluate four\ndifferent graph representations of metabolism, applied to data from different\norganisms and databases. The graph representations are evaluated by comparing\nthe overlap between clusters (network modules) and annotated functions, and\nalso by comparing the set of identified currency metabolites with those that\nother authors have identified using qualitative biological arguments. We find\nthat a \"substance network,\" where all metabolites participating in a reaction\nare connected, is relatively better than others, evaluated both with respect to\nthe functional overlap between modules and functions and to the number and\nidentity of identified currency metabolites.\n" }, { "id": "bb77fca2-8d64-4b55-894e-e3e85947868d", "adv_source_id": "bb77fca2-8d64-4b55-894e-e3e85947868d", "source_id": "bb77fca2-8d64-4b55-894e-e3e85947868d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time-Resolved Near-Infrared Photometry of Extreme Kuiper Belt Object\n Haumea", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present time-resolved near-infrared (J and H) photometry of the extreme\nKuiper belt object (136108) Haumea (formerly 2003 EL61) taken to further\ninvestigate rotational variability of this object. The new data show that the\nnear-infrared peak-to-peak photometric range is similar to the value at visible\nwavelengths, \\Delta m_R = 0.30+/-0.02 mag. Detailed analysis of the new and\nprevious data reveals subtle visible/near-infrared color variations across the\nsurface of Haumea. The color variations are spatially correlated with a\npreviously identified surface region, redder in B-R and darker than the mean\nsurface. Our photometry indicates that the J-H colors of Haumea\n(J-H=-0.057+/-0.016 mag) and its brightest satellite Hi'iaka\n(J-H=-0.399+/-0.034 mag) are significantly (>9 sigma) different. The satellite\nHi'iaka is unusually blue in J-H, consistent with strong 1.5 micron water-ice\nabsorption. The phase coefficient of Haumea in the J-band is found to increase\nmonotonically with wavelength in the range 0.40$. We first prove that as $\\varepsilon\\to\n0$ the expected distribution of critical values of this random function\napproaches a universal measure on $\\mathbb{R}$, independent of $g$, that can be\nexplicitly described in terms the expected distribution of eigenvalues of the\nGaussian Wigner ensemble of random $(m+1)\\times (m+1)$ symmetric matrices. In\ncontrast, we prove that the metric $g$ and its curvature are determined by the\nstatistics of the Hessians of the random function for small $\\varepsilon$.\n" }, { "id": "c21f8d31-c366-47d4-b704-39c1a41d86af", "adv_source_id": "c21f8d31-c366-47d4-b704-39c1a41d86af", "source_id": "c21f8d31-c366-47d4-b704-39c1a41d86af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hans-Juergen Treder and the discovery of confinement in Einstein's\n unified field theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the year 1957, when interest in Einstein's unified field theory was fading\naway for lack of understanding of its physical content, Treder performed a\nmomentous critical analysis of the possible definitions of the electric\nfour-current in the theory. As an outcome of this scrutiny he was able to prove\nby the E.I.H. method that properly defined point charges, appended at the\nright-hand side of the field equation $R_{[[\\mu\\nu],\\lambda]}=0$, interact\nmutually with Coulomb-like forces, provided that a mutual force independent of\ndistance is present too. This unwanted, but unavoidable addition, could not but\nlay further disbelief on the efforts initiated by Einstein and Schroedinger one\ndecade earlier. However in 1980 Treder himself recalled that the potential\n$\\phi=a/r+cr$, found by him in 1957, was the one used by particle physicists to\naccount phenomenologically for the spectrum of bound quark systems like mesons.\nExact solutions have later confirmed beyond any doubt that Einstein's unified\nfield theory does account in a simple way, already in classical form, for the\nconfinement of pole charges defined by the four-current first availed of by\nTreder. In the present paper it is proposed, ad memoriam, a thorough\nrecollection of the article published by Treder in 1957, showing the way kept\nby him to find what would have been later recognized as confinement in\nEinstein's unified field theory.\n" }, { "id": "9c032203-5426-45fb-807c-e5bfffb0013b", "adv_source_id": "9c032203-5426-45fb-807c-e5bfffb0013b", "source_id": "9c032203-5426-45fb-807c-e5bfffb0013b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Possible Giant Orbital Paramagnetism in Nanometer Scale 2DEG Strips", "prompt": null, "generation": " An elementary calculation shows that Landau diamagnetism becomes\nsignificantly altered and very large paramagnetic effects emerge at low\ntemperature in nanoscale 2DEG strips penetrated by a perpendicular applied\nmagnetic field and bounded by a parabolic potential, such as may arise from\nnegative voltage applied to a split gate. These novel results are described by\nan expression which manifests the total system magnetization as a difference\nbetween evolved orbital paramagnetism and altered diamagnetism. These predicted\neffects correspond to drift motion of electrons parallel to the strip length\narising from Landau eigenstates that are non-degenerate in the combined\npresence of a perpendicular applied magnetic field and electric fields\nassociated with a confining parabolic potential. A new heterostructured\nmagnetic material based on orbital electronic motion in 2DEG strips is\nproposed.\n" }, { "id": "65dfe9c6-f0ab-4a00-a304-9e46ea5c92f7", "adv_source_id": "65dfe9c6-f0ab-4a00-a304-9e46ea5c92f7", "source_id": "65dfe9c6-f0ab-4a00-a304-9e46ea5c92f7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orientation relationships between icosahedral clusters in hexagonal\n MgZn2 and monoclinic Mg4Zn7 phases in Mg-Zn(-Y) alloys", "prompt": null, "generation": " Intermetallic precipitates formed in heat-treated and aged Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-Y\nalloys have been investigated via electron microscopy. Coarse spheroidal\nprecipitates formed on deformation twin boundaries contained domains belonging\nto either the MgZn2 hexagonal Laves phase or the monoclinic Mg4Zn7 phase. Both\nphases are structurally related to the quasi-crystalline phase formed in\nMg-Zn-Y alloys, containing icosahedrally coordinated zinc atoms arranged as a\nseries of broad rhombohedral units. This rhombohedral arrangement was also\nvisible in intragranular precipitates where local regions with the structures\nof hexagonal MgZn2 and Mg4Zn7 were found. The orientation adopted by the MgZn2\nand Mg4Zn7 phases in twin-boundary and intragranular precipitates was such that\nthe icosahedral clusters were aligned similarly. These results highlight the\nclose structural similarities between the precipitates of the Mg-Zn-Y alloy\nsystem.\n" }, { "id": "c3959b38-1b56-445d-a993-f21d1366c900", "adv_source_id": "c3959b38-1b56-445d-a993-f21d1366c900", "source_id": "c3959b38-1b56-445d-a993-f21d1366c900", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Piezoacoustic wave spectra using improved surface impedance matrix:\n Application to high impedance-contrast layered plates", "prompt": null, "generation": " Starting from the general modal solutions for a homogeneous layer of\narbitrary material and crystalline symmetry, a matrix formalism is developed to\nestablish the semi analytical expressions of the surface impedance matrices\n(SIM) for a single piezo-electric layer. By applying the electrical boundary\nconditions, the layer impedance matrix is reduced to a unified elastic form\nwhether the material is piezoelectric or not. The characteristic equation for\nthe dispersion curves is derived in both forms of a 3-dimentional acoustic SIM\nand of an electrical scalar function. The same approach is extended to\nmultilayered structures such as a piezoelectric layer sandwiched in between two\nmetallic electrodes, a Bragg coupler, and a semi-infinite substrate as well.\nThe effectiveness of the approach is numerically demonstrated by its ability to\ndetermine the full spectra of guided modes, even at extremely high frequencies,\nin layered plates comprising of up to four layers and three materials. Negative\nslope in f-k curve for some modes, asymptotic behavior at short wavelength\nregime, as well as wave confinement phenomena made evident by the numerical\nresults are analyzed and interpreted in terms of the surface acoustic waves and\nof the interfacial waves in connection with the bulk waves in massive\nmaterials.\n" }, { "id": "89111221-f06e-4c67-839d-bd378b807fcc", "adv_source_id": "89111221-f06e-4c67-839d-bd378b807fcc", "source_id": "89111221-f06e-4c67-839d-bd378b807fcc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kondo Metal and Ferrimagnetic Insulator on the Triangular Kagom\\'e\n Lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " We obtain the rich phase diagrams in the Hubbard model on the triangular\nKagom\\'e lattice as a function of interaction, temperature and asymmetry, by\ncombining the cellular dynamical mean-field theory with the continuous time\nquantum Monte Carlo method. The phase diagrams show the asymmetry separates the\ncritical points in Mott transition of two sublattices on the triangular\nKagom\\'e lattice and produces two novel phases called plaquette insulator with\nan obvious gap and a gapless Kondo metal. When the Coulomb interaction is\nstronger than the critical value Uc, a short range paramagnetic insulating\nphase, which is a candidate for the short rang resonating valence-bond spin\nliquid, emerges before the ferrimagnetic order is formed independent of\nasymmetry. Furthermore, we discuss how to measure these phases in future\nexperiments.\n" }, { "id": "0b42bc72-18e5-4c8b-a6d7-7ca6dc24789f", "adv_source_id": "0b42bc72-18e5-4c8b-a6d7-7ca6dc24789f", "source_id": "0b42bc72-18e5-4c8b-a6d7-7ca6dc24789f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First Passage Distributions in a Collective Model of Anomalous Diffusion\n with Tunable Exponent", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a model system in which anomalous diffusion is generated by\nsuperposition of underlying linear modes with a broad range of relaxation\ntimes. In the language of Gaussian polymers, our model corresponds to Rouse\n(Fourier) modes whose friction coefficients scale as wavenumber to the power\n$2-z$. A single (tagged) monomer then executes subdiffusion over a broad range\nof time scales, and its mean square displacement increases as $t^\\alpha$ with\n$\\alpha=1/z$. To demonstrate non-trivial aspects of the model, we numerically\nstudy the absorption of the tagged particle in one dimension near an absorbing\nboundary or in the interval between two such boundaries. We obtain absorption\nprobability densities as a function of time, as well as the position-dependent\ndistribution for unabsorbed particles, at several values of $\\alpha$. Each of\nthese properties has features characterized by exponents that depend on\n$\\alpha$. Characteristic distributions found for different values of $\\alpha$\nhave similar qualitative features, but are not simply related quantitatively.\nComparison of the motion of translocation coordinate of a polymer moving\nthrough a pore in a membrane with the diffusing tagged monomer with identical\n$\\alpha$ also reveals quantitative differences.\n" }, { "id": "b89533f9-b60e-4a1a-8b9d-2bc556ef4a81", "adv_source_id": "b89533f9-b60e-4a1a-8b9d-2bc556ef4a81", "source_id": "b89533f9-b60e-4a1a-8b9d-2bc556ef4a81", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Indicator of Research Front Activity: Measuring Intellectual\n Organization as Uncertainty Reduction in Document Sets", "prompt": null, "generation": " When using scientific literature to model scholarly discourse, a research\nspecialty can be operationalized as an evolving set of related documents. Each\npublication can be expected to contribute to the further development of the\nspecialty at the research front. The specific combinations of title words and\ncited references in a paper can then be considered as a signature of the\nknowledge claim in the paper: new words and combinations of words can be\nexpected to represent variation, while each paper is at the same time\nselectively positioned into the intellectual organization of a field using\ncontext-relevant references. Can the mutual information among these three\ndimensions--title words, cited references, and sequence numbers--be used as an\nindicator of the extent to which intellectual organization structures the\nuncertainty prevailing at a research front? The effect of the discovery of\nnanotubes (1991) on the previously existing field of fullerenes is used as a\ntest case. Thereafter, this method is applied to science studies with a focus\non scientometrics using various sample delineations. An emerging research front\nabout citation analysis can be indicated.\n" }, { "id": "6e35ee52-bada-4d21-840f-b03ee5851495", "adv_source_id": "6e35ee52-bada-4d21-840f-b03ee5851495", "source_id": "6e35ee52-bada-4d21-840f-b03ee5851495", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Hierarchy of Local Symplectic Filling Obstructions for Contact\n 3-Manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We generalize the familiar notions of overtwistedness and Giroux torsion in\n3-dimensional contact manifolds, defining an infinite hierarchy of local\nfilling obstructions called planar torsion, whose integer-valued order $k \\ge\n0$ can be interpreted as measuring a gradation in \"degrees of tightness\" of\ncontact manifolds. We show in particular that any contact manifold with planar\ntorsion admits no contact type embeddings into any closed symplectic\n4-manifold, and has vanishing contact invariant in Embedded Contact Homology,\nand we give examples of contact manifolds that have planar k-torsion for any $k\n\\ge 2$ but no Giroux torsion. We also show that the complement of the binding\nof a supporting open book never has planar torsion. The unifying idea in the\nbackground is a decomposition of contact manifolds in terms of contact fiber\nsums of open books along their binding. As the technical basis of these\nresults, we establish existence, uniqueness and compactness theorems for\ncertain classes of J-holomorphic curves in blown up summed open books; these\nalso imply algebraic obstructions to planarity and embeddings of partially\nplanar domains. The results are applied further in followup papers on weak\nsymplectic fillings (arXiv:1003.3923, joint with K. Niederkrueger), non-exact\nsymplectic cobordisms (arXiv:1008.2456) and Symplectic Field Theory\n(arXiv:1009.3262, joint with J. Latschev).\n" }, { "id": "1dc0008a-ba65-40ff-bf4b-62900878b27c", "adv_source_id": "1dc0008a-ba65-40ff-bf4b-62900878b27c", "source_id": "1dc0008a-ba65-40ff-bf4b-62900878b27c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Production Rate of SN Ia Events in Globular Clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " In globular clusters, dynamical evolution produces luminous X-ray emitting\nbinaries at a rate about 200 times greater than in the field. If globular\nclusters also produce SNe Ia at a high rate, it would account for much of the\nSN Ia events in early type galaxies and provide insight into their formation.\nHere we use archival HST images of nearby galaxies that have hosted SNe Ia to\nexamine the rate at which globular clusters produce these events. The location\nof the SN Ia is registered on an HST image obtained before the event or after\nthe supernova faded. Of the 36 nearby galaxies examined, 21 had sufficiently\ngood data to search for globular cluster hosts. None of the 21 supernovae have\na definite globular cluster counterpart, although there are some ambiguous\ncases. This places an upper limit to the enhancement rate of SN Ia production\nin globular clusters of about 42 at the 95% confidence level, which is an order\nof magnitude lower than the enhancement rate for luminous X-ray binaries. Even\nif all of the ambiguous cases are considered as having a globular cluster\ncounterpart, the upper bound for the enhancement rate is 82 at the 95%\nconfidence level, excluding an enhancement rate of 200. Barring unforeseen\nselection effects, we conclude that globular clusters are not responsible for\nproducing a significant fraction of the SN Ia events in early-type galaxies.\n" }, { "id": "30e72b7c-f1f4-4118-9f9f-e98d7aa0c52a", "adv_source_id": "30e72b7c-f1f4-4118-9f9f-e98d7aa0c52a", "source_id": "30e72b7c-f1f4-4118-9f9f-e98d7aa0c52a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "\\Gamma-extensions of the spectrum of an orbifold", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce the \\Gamma-extension of the spectrum of the Laplacian of a\nRiemannian orbifold, where \\Gamma is a finitely generated discrete group. This\nextension, called the \\Gamma-spectrum, is the union of the Laplace spectra of\nthe \\Gamma-sectors of the orbifold, and hence constitutes a Riemannian\ninvariant that is directly related to the singular set of the orbifold. We\ncompare the \\Gamma-spectra of known examples of isospectral pairs and families\nof orbifolds and demonstrate that it many cases, isospectral orbifolds need not\nbe \\Gamma-isospectral. We additionally prove a version of Sunada's theorem that\nallows us to construct pairs of orbifolds that are \\Gamma-isospectral for any\nchoice of \\Gamma.\n" }, { "id": "3f658cb1-f96c-4352-8387-1966149bd007", "adv_source_id": "3f658cb1-f96c-4352-8387-1966149bd007", "source_id": "3f658cb1-f96c-4352-8387-1966149bd007", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Laser-driven shock acceleration of monoenergetic ion beams", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that monoenergetic ion beams can be accelerated by moderate Mach\nnumber collisionless, electrostatic shocks propagating in a long scale-length\nexponentially decaying plasma profile. Strong plasma heating and density\nsteepening produced by an intense laser pulse near the critical density can\nlaunch such shocks that propagate in the extended plasma at high velocities.\nThe generation of a monoenergetic ion beam is possible due to the small and\nconstant sheath electric field associated with the slowly decreasing density\nprofile. The conditions for the acceleration of high-quality, energetic ion\nbeams are identified through theory and multidimensional particle-in-cell\nsimulations. The scaling of the ion energy with laser intensity shows that it\nis possible to generate $\\sim 200$ MeV proton beams with state-of-the-art 100\nTW class laser systems.\n" }, { "id": "db250939-a91d-418f-bbb3-bde438876527", "adv_source_id": "db250939-a91d-418f-bbb3-bde438876527", "source_id": "db250939-a91d-418f-bbb3-bde438876527", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Instrument Overview", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an overview of the design of IRIS, an infrared (0.85 - 2.5 micron)\nintegral field spectrograph and imaging camera for the Thirty Meter Telescope\n(TMT). With extremely low wavefront error (<30 nm) and on-board wavefront\nsensors, IRIS will take advantage of the high angular resolution of the narrow\nfield infrared adaptive optics system (NFIRAOS) to dissect the sky at the\ndiffraction limit of the 30-meter aperture. With a primary spectral resolution\nof 4000 and spatial sampling starting at 4 milliarcseconds, the instrument will\ncreate an unparalleled ability to explore high redshift galaxies, the Galactic\ncenter, star forming regions and virtually any astrophysical object. This paper\nsummarizes the entire design and basic capabilities. Among the design\ninnovations is the combination of lenslet and slicer integral field units, new\n4Kx4k detectors, extremely precise atmospheric dispersion correction, infrared\nwavefront sensors, and a very large vacuum cryogenic system.\n" }, { "id": "cdd48989-3e57-4b01-8624-a52c1a633b6b", "adv_source_id": "cdd48989-3e57-4b01-8624-a52c1a633b6b", "source_id": "cdd48989-3e57-4b01-8624-a52c1a633b6b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Symmetries of a mean-field spin model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Thermodynamic limit evolution of a closed quantum Heisenberg-type spin model\nwith mean-field interactions is characterized by classifying all the symmetries\nof the equations of motion. It is shown that parameters of the model induce a\nstructure in the Hilbert space by partitioning it into invariant subspaces,\ndecoupled by the underlying Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY)\nhierarchy. All possible partitions are classified in terms of a $3\\times3$\nmatrix of effective, thermodynamic limit coupling constants. It is found that\nthere are either 1, 2, 4, or O(N) invariant subspaces. The BBGKY hierarchy\ndecouples into the corresponding number of anti-Hermitian operators on each\nsubspace. These findings imply that equilibration and the equilibrium in this\nmodel depend on the initial conditions.\n" }, { "id": "ba2c2d04-f93f-4ddd-81c7-7618b6087ced", "adv_source_id": "ba2c2d04-f93f-4ddd-81c7-7618b6087ced", "source_id": "ba2c2d04-f93f-4ddd-81c7-7618b6087ced", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bertrand spacetimes as Kepler/oscillator potentials", "prompt": null, "generation": " Perlick's classification of (3+1)-dimensional spherically symmetric and\nstatic spacetimes (\\cal M,\\eta=-1/V dt^2+g) for which the classical Bertrand\ntheorem holds [Perlick V Class. Quantum Grav. 9 (1992) 1009] is revisited. For\nany Bertrand spacetime (\\cal M,\\eta) the term V(r) is proven to be either the\nintrinsic Kepler-Coulomb or the harmonic oscillator potential on its associated\nRiemannian 3-manifold (M,g). Among the latter 3-spaces (M,g) we explicitly\nidentify the three classical Riemannian spaces of constant curvature, a\ngeneralization of a Darboux space and the Iwai-Katayama spaces generalizing the\nMIC-Kepler and Taub-NUT problems. The key dynamical role played by the Kepler\nand oscillator potentials in Euclidean space is thus extended to a wide class\nof 3-dimensional curved spaces.\n" }, { "id": "74c3e1a7-a7f8-4fa2-8b85-2065198a8c00", "adv_source_id": "74c3e1a7-a7f8-4fa2-8b85-2065198a8c00", "source_id": "74c3e1a7-a7f8-4fa2-8b85-2065198a8c00", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Giant radiation heat transfer through the micron gaps", "prompt": null, "generation": " Near-field heat transfer between two closely spaced radiating media can\nexceed in orders radiation through the interface of a single black body. This\neffect is caused by exponentially decaying (evanescent) waves which form the\nphoton tunnel between two transparent boundaries. However, in the mid-infrared\nrange it holds when the gap between two media is as small as few tens of\nnanometers. We propose a new paradigm of the radiation heat transfer which\nmakes possible the strong photon tunneling for micron thick gaps. For it the\nair gap between two media should be modified, so that evanescent waves are\ntransformed inside it into propagating ones. This modification is achievable\nusing a metamaterial so that the direct thermal conductance through the\nmetamaterial is practically absent and the photovoltaic conversion of the\ntransferred heat is not altered by the metamaterial.\n" }, { "id": "a548cbc2-adfc-4c6c-b1c5-d0c6b60f2b2b", "adv_source_id": "a548cbc2-adfc-4c6c-b1c5-d0c6b60f2b2b", "source_id": "a548cbc2-adfc-4c6c-b1c5-d0c6b60f2b2b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Acceleration of heavy and light particles in turbulence: comparison\n between experiments and direct numerical simulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compare experimental data and numerical simulations for the dynamics of\ninertial particles with finite density in turbulence. In the experiment,\nbubbles and solid particles are optically tracked in a turbulent flow of water\nusing an Extended Laser Doppler Velocimetry technique. The probability density\nfunctions (PDF) of particle accelerations and their auto-correlation in time\nare computed. Numerical results are obtained from a direct numerical simulation\nin which a suspension of passive pointwise particles is tracked, with the same\nfinite density and the same response time as in the experiment. We observe a\ngood agreement for both the variance of acceleration and the autocorrelation\ntimescale of the dynamics; small discrepancies on the shape of the acceleration\nPDF are observed. We discuss the effects induced by the finite size of the\nparticles, not taken into account in the present numerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "e2eb1fbb-d1c1-45c0-a808-1227b317cf8d", "adv_source_id": "e2eb1fbb-d1c1-45c0-a808-1227b317cf8d", "source_id": "e2eb1fbb-d1c1-45c0-a808-1227b317cf8d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Slowly Rotating Relativistic Stars in Scalar-Tensor Gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the slowly rotating relativistic stars with a uniform angular\nvelocity in the scalar-tensor gravity, and examine the rotational effect around\nsuch compact objects. For this purpose, we derive a 2nd order differential\nequation describing the frame dragging in the scalar-tensor gravity and solve\nit numerically. As a result, we find that the total angular momentum is\nproportional to the angular velocity even in the scalar-tensor gravity. We also\nshow that one can observe the spontaneous scalarization in rotational effects\nas well as the other stellar properties, if the cosmological value of scalar\nfield is zero. On the other hand, if the cosmological value of scalar field is\nnonzero, the deviation from the general relativity can be seen in a wide range\nof the coupling constant. Additionally, we find that the deviation from the\ngeneral relativity becomes larger with more massive stellar models, which is\nindependent of the cosmological value of scalar field. Thus, via precise\nobservations of astronomical phenomena associated with rotating relativistic\nstars, one may be possible to probe not only the gravitational theory in the\nstrong-field regime, but also the existence of scalar field.\n" }, { "id": "a99d42c2-1231-4848-9458-3ca542c7f3c4", "adv_source_id": "a99d42c2-1231-4848-9458-3ca542c7f3c4", "source_id": "a99d42c2-1231-4848-9458-3ca542c7f3c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Determinantal Representations and the Hermite Matrix", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the problem of writing real polynomials as determinants of\nsymmetric linear matrix polynomials. This problem of algebraic geometry, whose\nroots go back to the nineteenth century, has recently received new attention\nfrom the viewpoint of convex optimization. We relate the question to sums of\nsquares decompositions of a certain Hermite matrix. If some power of a\npolynomial admits a definite determinantal representation, then its Hermite\nmatrix is a sum of squares. Conversely, we show how a determinantal\nrepresentation can sometimes be constructed from a sums-of-squares\ndecomposition of the Hermite matrix. We finally show that definite\ndeterminantal representations always exist, if one allows for denominators.\n" }, { "id": "b771b7df-dc00-4454-b050-e398164e8cbb", "adv_source_id": "b771b7df-dc00-4454-b050-e398164e8cbb", "source_id": "b771b7df-dc00-4454-b050-e398164e8cbb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasisymmetric Schur functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a new basis for quasisymmetric functions, which arise from a\nspecialization of nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials to standard bases, also\nknown as Demazure atoms. Our new basis is called the basis of quasisymmetric\nSchur functions, since the basis elements refine Schur functions in a natural\nway. We derive expansions for quasisymmetric Schur functions in terms of\nmonomial and fundamental quasisymmetric functions, which give rise to\nquasisymmetric refinements of Kostka numbers and standard (reverse) tableaux.\n From here we derive a Pieri rule for quasisymmetric Schur functions that\nnaturally refines the Pieri rule for Schur functions. After surveying\ncombinatorial formulas for Macdonald polynomials, including an expansion of\nMacdonald polynomials into fundamental quasisymmetric functions, we show how\nsome of our results can be extended to include the $t$ parameter from\nHall-Littlewood theory.\n" }, { "id": "355fa63c-a630-483a-a498-fc2d02074bdf", "adv_source_id": "355fa63c-a630-483a-a498-fc2d02074bdf", "source_id": "355fa63c-a630-483a-a498-fc2d02074bdf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Topological full groups of one-sided shifts of finite type", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the topological full group [[G]] of an essentially principal etale\ngroupoid G on a Cantor set. When G is minimal, we show that [[G]] (and its\ncertain normal subgroup) is a complete invariant for the isomorphism class of\nthe etale groupoid G. Furthermore, when G is either almost finite or purely\ninfinite, the commutator subgroup D([[G]]) is shown to be simple. The etale\ngroupoid G arising from a one-sided irreducible shift of finite type is a\ntypical example of a purely infinite minimal groupoid. For such G, [[G]] is\nthought of as a generalization of the Higman-Thompson group. We prove that\n[[G]] is of type F_\\infty, and so in particular it is finitely presented. This\ngives us a new infinite family of finitely presented infinite simple groups.\nAlso, the abelianization of [[G]] is calculated and described in terms of the\nhomology groups of G.\n" }, { "id": "36aaf87d-f00c-4b9f-b950-3f81d3edc9b7", "adv_source_id": "36aaf87d-f00c-4b9f-b950-3f81d3edc9b7", "source_id": "36aaf87d-f00c-4b9f-b950-3f81d3edc9b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Axisymmetric toroidal modes of magnetized neutron stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate axisymmetric toroidal modes of magnetized neutron stars with a\nsolid crust. We assume the interior of the star is threaded by a poloidal\nmagnetic field that is continuous at the surface with the outside dipole field\nwhose strength $B_p$ at the magnetic pole is $B_p\\sim 10^{16}$G. Since\nseparation of variables is not possible for oscillations of magnetized stars,\nwe employ finite series expansions of the perturbations using spherical\nharmonic functions to represent the angular dependence of the oscillation\nmodes. For $B_p\\sim 10^{16}$G, we find distinct mode sequences, in each of\nwhich the oscillation frequency of the toroidal mode slowly increases as the\nnumber of radial nodes of the eigenfunction increases. The frequency spectrum\nof the toroidal modes for $B_p\\sim 10^{16}$G is largely different from that of\nthe crustal toroidal modes of the non-magnetized model, although the frequency\nranges are overlapped each other. This suggests that an interpretation of the\nobserved QPOs based on the magnetic toroidal modes may be possible if the field\nstrength of the star is as strong as $B_p\\sim 10^{16}$G.\n" }, { "id": "5ed2f829-39dd-42ab-a78c-843249cbbc02", "adv_source_id": "5ed2f829-39dd-42ab-a78c-843249cbbc02", "source_id": "5ed2f829-39dd-42ab-a78c-843249cbbc02", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Impact parameter method calculations for fully differential ionization\n cross sections", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work our previous fully differential ionization cross section\ncalculations using the semiclassical, impact parameter method are improved by a\nnew method suitable to calculate impact parameter values corresponding to\ndifferent momentum transfers. This goal is achieved by two successive steps.\nFirst, using the transverse momentum balance different projectile scattering\nangles are calculated for the binary and recoil peak regions as a function of\nthe transferred momentum. Then, by treating the projectile scattering as a\nclassical potential scattering problem, impact parameters are assigned to these\nscattering angles. The new method, which no longer contains empirical\nconsiderations, is tested calculating by fully differential ionization cross\nsections for single ionization of helium produced by fast C$^{6+}$ ions.\n" }, { "id": "25093d60-6849-4e21-9c70-dd77a8f7f2b4", "adv_source_id": "25093d60-6849-4e21-9c70-dd77a8f7f2b4", "source_id": "25093d60-6849-4e21-9c70-dd77a8f7f2b4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Broadband spectroscopy using two Suzaku observation of the HMXB GX 301-2", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the analysis of two Suzaku observations of GX 301-2 at two orbital\nphases after the periastron passage. Variations in the column density of the\nline-of-sight absorber are observed, consistent with accretion from a clumpy\nwind. In addition to a CRSF, multiple fluorescence emission lines were detected\nin both observations. The variations in the pulse profiles and the CRSF\nthroughout the pulse phase have a signature of a magnetic dipole field. Using a\nsimple dipole model we calculated the expected magnetic field values for\ndifferent pulse phases and were able to extract a set of geometrical angles,\nloosely constraining the dipole geometry in the neutron star. From the\nvariation of the CRSF width and energy, we found a geometrical solution for the\ndipole, making the inclination consistent with previously published values.\n" }, { "id": "2424e857-3a2a-42a9-b0c8-5650d6173f2f", "adv_source_id": "2424e857-3a2a-42a9-b0c8-5650d6173f2f", "source_id": "2424e857-3a2a-42a9-b0c8-5650d6173f2f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High-resolution study of a star-forming cluster in the Cep-A HW2 region", "prompt": null, "generation": " Due to its relatively small distance (725 pc), the Cepheus A East\nstar-forming region is an ideal laboratory to study massive star formation\nprocesses. Based on its morphology, it has been suggested that the flattened\nmolecular gas distribution around the YSO HW2 may be a 350-AU-radius massive\nprotostellar disk. Goal of our work is to ascertain the nature of this\nstructure. We have employed the Plateau de Bure Interferometer to acquire\n(sub-)arcsecond-resolution imaging of high-density and shock tracers, such as\nmethyl cyanide (CH3CN) and silicon monoxide (SiO), towards the HW2 position. On\nthe 1-arcsecond (about 725 AU) scale, the flattened distribution of molecular\ngas around HW2 appears to be due to the projected superposition, on the plane\nof the sky, of at least three protostellar objects, of which at least one is\npowering a molecular outflow at a small angle with respect to the line of\nsight. The presence of a protostellar disk around HW2 is not ruled out, but\nsuch structure is likely to be detected on a smaller spatial scale, or using\ndifferent molecular tracers.\n" }, { "id": "ca66432b-5bf3-4cc2-8644-ff01fd5441f6", "adv_source_id": "ca66432b-5bf3-4cc2-8644-ff01fd5441f6", "source_id": "ca66432b-5bf3-4cc2-8644-ff01fd5441f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Complete Sample of ULX Host Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " One hundred seven ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources with 0.3-10.0 keV\nluminosities in excess of 1e39 erg/s are identified in a complete sample of 127\nnearby galaxies. The sample includes all galaxies within 14.5 Mpc above the\ncompleteness limits of both the Uppsala Galaxy Catalog and the Infrared\nAstronomical Satellite survey. The galaxy sample spans all Hubble types, a four\ndecade range in mass and in star-formation rate. ULXs are detected in this\nsample at rates of one per 3.2e10 solar mass, one per 0.5 solar mass/year\nstar-formation rate, and one per 57 cubic Mpc corresponding to a luminosity\ndensity of ~2e37 erg/s/Mpc3. At these rates we estimate as many as 19\nadditional ULXs remain undetected in fainter dwarf galaxies within the survey\nvolume. An estimated 14 or 13%, of the 107 ULX candidates are expected to be\nbackground sources. The differential ULX luminosity function shows a power law\nslope of -1.2 to -2.0 with an exponential cutoff at 2e40 erg/s with precise\nvalues depending on the model and on whether the ULX luminosities are estimated\nfrom their observed numbers of counts or, for a subset of candidates, from\ntheir spectral shapes. Extrapolating the observed luminosity function predicts\nat most one very luminous ULX, L~1e41 erg/s, within a distance as small as 100\nMpc. The luminosity distribution of ULXs within the local universe cannot\naccount for the recent claims of luminosities in excess of 2e41 erg/s requiring\na new population class to explain these extreme objects.\n" }, { "id": "4e695274-5da7-43af-879d-23b477950f50", "adv_source_id": "4e695274-5da7-43af-879d-23b477950f50", "source_id": "4e695274-5da7-43af-879d-23b477950f50", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Autonomic Cloud Computing: Open Challenges and Architectural Elements", "prompt": null, "generation": " As Clouds are complex, large-scale, and heterogeneous distributed systems,\nmanagement of their resources is a challenging task. They need automated and\nintegrated intelligent strategies for provisioning of resources to offer\nservices that are secure, reliable, and cost-efficient. Hence, effective\nmanagement of services becomes fundamental in software platforms that\nconstitute the fabric of computing Clouds. In this direction, this paper\nidentifies open issues in autonomic resource provisioning and presents\ninnovative management techniques for supporting SaaS applications hosted on\nClouds. We present a conceptual architecture and early results evidencing the\nbenefits of autonomic management of Clouds.\n" }, { "id": "7a0ed425-114b-432b-9026-33eaef7fe177", "adv_source_id": "7a0ed425-114b-432b-9026-33eaef7fe177", "source_id": "7a0ed425-114b-432b-9026-33eaef7fe177", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Testing for a change of the innovation distribution in nonparametric\n autoregression - the sequential empirical process approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a nonparametric autoregression model under conditional\nheteroscedasticity with the aim to test whether the innovation distribution\nchanges in time. To this end we develop an asymptotic expansion for the\nsequential empirical process of nonparametrically estimated innovations\n(residuals). We suggest a Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic based on the difference\nof the estimated innovation distributions built from the first ns and the last\nn-ns residuals, respectively. Weak convergence of the underlying stochastic\nprocess to a Gaussian process is proved under the null hypothesis of no change\npoint. The result implies that the test is asymptotically distribution-free.\nConsistency against fixed alternatives is shown. The small sample performances\nof the proposed test is investigated in a simulation study and the test is\napplied to data examples.\n" }, { "id": "f4bfc3a9-03e9-4e74-b33f-fc828d1d5081", "adv_source_id": "f4bfc3a9-03e9-4e74-b33f-fc828d1d5081", "source_id": "f4bfc3a9-03e9-4e74-b33f-fc828d1d5081", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Label-free, Spectroscopic Detection of Leaflet Composition Asymmetry in\n Vesicles", "prompt": null, "generation": " Vibrational sum frequency scattering (SFS) has been used to study sub-micron,\ncatanionic vesicles in solution. The vesicles were synthesized from a binary\nmixture of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and sodium dodecylsulfate\n(SDS) surfactants in deuterated water, which spontaneously assemble into\nthermodynamically stable vesicles. The stability of these vesicles is\nattributed to a surfactant concentration asymmetry between the inner and outer\nbilayer leaflets. This concentration asymmetry should be observable by SFS due\nto local inversion symmetry-breaking. Signal corresponding to the symmetric\nsulfate stretch mode of the SDS head group is observed at 1044 cm, indicating\nthat there is indeed asymmetry in the local structure of the leaflets. The\nresults indicate that it should be possible to measure the interfacial\nstructure of liposomes in aqueous solution and study in-situ processes like the\nbinding of sugars and proteins that are important for many processes in\nbiophysical chemistry.\n" }, { "id": "1afdfd15-74f1-46e9-8279-2a3e3873d192", "adv_source_id": "1afdfd15-74f1-46e9-8279-2a3e3873d192", "source_id": "1afdfd15-74f1-46e9-8279-2a3e3873d192", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Communication regimes in opinion dynamics: Changing the number of\n communicating agents", "prompt": null, "generation": " This article contributes in four ways to the research on time-discrete\ncontinuous opinion dynamics with compromising agents. First, communication\nregimes are introduced as an elementary concept of opinion dynamic models.\nSecond, we develop a model that covers two major models of continuous opinion\ndynamics, i.e. the basic model of Deffuant and Weisbuch as well as the model of\nKrause and Hegselmann. To combine these models, which handle different numbers\nof communicating agents, we convert the convergence parameter of Deffuant and\nWeisbuch into a parameter called self-support. Third, we present simulation\nresults that shed light on how the number of communicating agents but also how\nthe self-support affect opinion dynamics. The fourth contribution is a\ntheoretically driven criterion when to stop a simulation and how to extrapolate\nto infinite many steps.\n" }, { "id": "ad170c0a-2af2-41cb-be43-96922ca8a76d", "adv_source_id": "ad170c0a-2af2-41cb-be43-96922ca8a76d", "source_id": "ad170c0a-2af2-41cb-be43-96922ca8a76d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coulomb oscillations in three-layer graphene nanostructures", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present transport measurements on a tunable three-layer graphene single\nelectron transistor (SET). The device consists of an etched three-layer\ngraphene flake with two narrow constrictions separating the island from source\nand drain contacts. Three lateral graphene gates are used to electrostatically\ntune the device. An individual three-layer graphene constriction has been\ninvestigated separately showing a transport gap near the charge neutrality\npoint. The graphene tunneling barriers show a strongly nonmonotonic coupling as\nfunction of gate voltage indicating the presence of localized states in the\nconstrictions. We show Coulomb oscillations and Coulomb diamond measurements\nproving the functionality of the graphene SET. A charging energy of $\\approx\n0.6$ meV is extracted.\n" }, { "id": "06d5b327-41a6-4976-94ab-5466528d20a5", "adv_source_id": "06d5b327-41a6-4976-94ab-5466528d20a5", "source_id": "06d5b327-41a6-4976-94ab-5466528d20a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Periodic Schr\\\"odinger operators with local defects and spectral\n pollution", "prompt": null, "generation": " This article deals with the numerical calculation of eigenvalues of perturbed\nperiodic Schr\\\"odinger operators located in spectral gaps. Such operators are\nencountered in the modeling of the electronic structure of crystals with local\ndefects, and of photonic crystals. The usual finite element Galerkin\napproximation is known to give rise to spectral pollution. In this article, we\ngive a precise description of the corresponding spurious states. We then prove\nthat the supercell model does not produce spectral pollution. Lastly, we extend\nresults by Lewin and S\\'er\\'e on some no-pollution criteria. In particular, we\nprove that using approximate spectral projectors enables one to eliminate\nspectral pollution in a given spectral gap of the reference periodic\nSch\\\"odinger operator.\n" }, { "id": "a66631f8-201f-4a75-affd-711c16168174", "adv_source_id": "a66631f8-201f-4a75-affd-711c16168174", "source_id": "a66631f8-201f-4a75-affd-711c16168174", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Variance squeezing and entanglement of the XX central spin model", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we study the quantum properties for a system that consists of\na central atom interacting with surrounding spins through the Heisenberg $XX$\ncouplings of equal strength. Employing the Heisenberg equations of motion we\nmanage to derive an exact solution for the dynamical operators. We consider\nthat the central atom and its surroundings are initially prepared in the\nexcited state and in the coherent spin state, respectively. For this system, we\ninvestigate the evolution of variance squeezing and entanglement. The\nnonclassical effects have been remarked in the behavior of all components of\nthe system. The atomic variance can exhibit revival-collapse phenomenon based\non the value of the detuning parameter.\n" }, { "id": "9b4a1b3f-2e8e-4301-973c-8b377e2fb054", "adv_source_id": "9b4a1b3f-2e8e-4301-973c-8b377e2fb054", "source_id": "9b4a1b3f-2e8e-4301-973c-8b377e2fb054", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraining Orbital Parameters Through Planetary Transit Monitoring", "prompt": null, "generation": " The orbital parameters of extra-solar planets have a significant impact on\nthe probability that the planet will transit the host star. This was recently\ndemonstrated by the transit detection of HD 17156b whose favourable\neccentricity and argument of periastron dramatically increased its transit\nlikelihood. We present a study which provides a quantitative analysis of how\nthese two orbital parameters affect the geometric transit probability as a\nfunction of period. Further, we apply these results to known radial velocity\nplanets and show that there are unexpectedly high transit probabilities for\nplanets at relatively long periods. For a photometric monitoring campaign which\naims to determine if the planet indeed transits, we calculate the expected\ntransiting planet yield and the significance of a potential null result, as\nwell as the subsequent constraints that may be applied to orbital parameters.\n" }, { "id": "3edb8196-4c11-4a2f-a93e-33364171f8de", "adv_source_id": "3edb8196-4c11-4a2f-a93e-33364171f8de", "source_id": "3edb8196-4c11-4a2f-a93e-33364171f8de", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A numerical approach to finding general stationary vacuum black holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Harmonic Einstein equation is the vacuum Einstein equation supplemented\nby a gauge fixing term which we take to be that of DeTurck. For static black\nholes analytically continued to Riemannian manifolds without boundary at the\nhorizon this equation has previously been shown to be elliptic, and Ricci flow\nand Newton's method provide good numerical algorithms to solve it. Here we\nextend these techniques to the arbitrary cohomogeneity stationary case which\nmust be treated in Lorentzian signature. For stationary spacetimes with\nglobally timelike Killing vector the Harmonic Einstein equation is elliptic. In\nthe presence of horizons and ergo-regions it is less obviously so. Motivated by\nthe Rigidity theorem we study a class of stationary black hole spacetimes,\nconsidered previously by Harmark, general enough to include the asymptotically\nflat case in higher dimensions. We argue the Harmonic Einstein equation\nconsistently truncates to this class of spacetimes giving an elliptic problem.\nThe Killing horizons and axes of rotational symmetry are boundaries for this\nproblem and we determine boundary conditions there. As a simple example we\nnumerically construct 4D rotating black holes in a cavity using Anderson's\nboundary conditions. We demonstrate both Newton's method and Ricci flow to find\nthese Lorentzian solutions.\n" }, { "id": "674a4c00-6945-43d2-958b-00d361baf712", "adv_source_id": "674a4c00-6945-43d2-958b-00d361baf712", "source_id": "674a4c00-6945-43d2-958b-00d361baf712", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Broadband Spectral Properties of Bright High-Energy Gamma-Ray Bursts\n Observed with BATSE and EGRET", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the spectral analysis of duration-integrated broadband spectra (in\n$\\sim30 $keV$-200 $MeV) of 15 bright BATSE gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Some GRB\nspectra are very hard, with their spectral peak energies being above the BATSE\nLAD passband limit of $\\sim$2 MeV. In such cases, their high-energy spectral\nparameters (peak energy and high-energy power-law indices) cannot be adequately\nconstrained by BATSE LAD data alone. A few dozen bright BATSE GRBs were also\nobserved with EGRET's calorimeter, TASC, in multi-MeV energy band, with a large\neffective area and fine energy resolution. Combining the BATSE and TASC data,\ntherefore, affords spectra that span four decades of energy ($30 $keV$-200\n$MeV), allowing for a broadband spectral analysis with good statistics.\nStudying such broadband high-energy spectra of GRB prompt emission is crucial,\nas they provide key clues to understanding its gamma-ray emission mechanism.\nAmong the 15 GRB spectra, we found two cases with a significant high-energy\nexcess, and another case with a extremely high peak energy (\\epeak $\\gtrsim$\n170 MeV). There have been very limited number of GRBs observed at MeV energies\nand above, and only a few instruments have been capable of observing GRBs in\nthis energy band with such high sensitivity. Thus, our analysis results\npresented here should also help predict GRB observations with current and\nfuture high-energy instruments such as AGILE and GLAST, as well as with\nground-based very-high-energy telescopes.\n" }, { "id": "c52f9b71-594e-41dc-8532-676d66e3c532", "adv_source_id": "c52f9b71-594e-41dc-8532-676d66e3c532", "source_id": "c52f9b71-594e-41dc-8532-676d66e3c532", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Translational Polarization Rotator", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore a free-space polarization modulator in which a variable phase\nintroduction between right- and left-handed circular polarization components is\nused to rotate the linear polarization of the outgoing beam relative to that of\nthe incoming beam. In this device, the polarization states are separated by a\ncircular polarizer that consists of a quarter-wave plate in combination with a\nwire grid. A movable mirror is positioned behind and parallel to the circular\npolarizer. As the polarizer-mirror distance is separated, an incident linear\npolarization will be rotated through an angle that is proportional to the\nintroduced phase delay. We demonstrate a prototype device that modulates Stokes\nQ and U over a 20% bandwidth, from 77 to 94 GHz.\n" }, { "id": "c44372cc-0fbe-45af-85bc-bcbca9afa248", "adv_source_id": "c44372cc-0fbe-45af-85bc-bcbca9afa248", "source_id": "c44372cc-0fbe-45af-85bc-bcbca9afa248", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theoretical investigation of synchronous totally asymmetric exclusion\n processes on lattices with multiple-input-single-output junctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of synchronous totally asymmetric\nexclusion processes on lattices with a multiple-input single-output (MISO)\njunction, which consists of m subchains for the input and one main chain for\nthe output. A MISO junction is a type of complex geometry that is relevant to\nmany biological processes as well as vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow. A\nmean-field approach is developed to deal with the junction that connects the\nsubchains and the main chain. Theoretical results for stationary particle\ncurrents, density profiles, and a phase diagram have been obtained. It is found\nthat the phase boundary moves toward the left in the phase diagram with an\nincrease of the number of subchains. The nonequilibrium stationary states,\nstationary-state phases, and phase boundaries are determined by the boundary\nconditions of the system as well as by the number of subchains. The density\nprofiles obtained from computer simulations show very good agreement with our\ntheoretical analysis.\n" }, { "id": "5db939e8-f741-4f08-8215-7d1fb17c11aa", "adv_source_id": "5db939e8-f741-4f08-8215-7d1fb17c11aa", "source_id": "5db939e8-f741-4f08-8215-7d1fb17c11aa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Writing CFT correlation functions as AdS scattering amplitudes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the Mellin representation of conformal correlation functions\nrecently proposed by Mack. Examples in the AdS/CFT context reinforce the\nanalogy between Mellin amplitudes and scattering amplitudes. We conjecture a\nsimple formula relating the bulk scattering amplitudes to the asymptotic\nbehavior of Mellin amplitudes and show that previous results on the flat space\nlimit of AdS follow from our new formula. We find that the Mellin amplitudes\nare particularly useful in the case of conformal gauge theories in the planar\nlimit. In this case, the four point Mellin amplitudes are meromorphic functions\nwhose poles and their residues are entirely determined by two and three point\nfunctions of single-trace operators. This makes the Mellin amplitudes the ideal\nobjects to attempt the conformal bootstrap program in higher dimensions.\n" }, { "id": "23ce196c-44ee-4c57-aba2-1708c002cef9", "adv_source_id": "23ce196c-44ee-4c57-aba2-1708c002cef9", "source_id": "23ce196c-44ee-4c57-aba2-1708c002cef9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The fundamental pro-groupoid of an affine 2-scheme", "prompt": null, "generation": " A natural question in the theory of Tannakian categories is: What if you\ndon't remember $\\Forget$? Working over an arbitrary commutative ring $R$, we\nprove that an answer to this question is given by the functor represented by\nthe \\'etale fundamental groupoid $\\pi_1(\\spec(R))$, i.e.\\ the separable\nabsolute Galois group of $R$ when it is a field. This gives a new definition\nfor \\'etale $\\pi_1(\\spec(R))$ in terms of the category of $R$-modules rather\nthan the category of \\'etale covers. More generally, we introduce a new notion\nof \"commutative 2-ring\" that includes both Grothendieck topoi and symmetric\nmonoidal categories of modules, and define a notion of $\\pi_1$ for the\ncorresponding \"affine 2-schemes.\" These results help to simplify and clarify\nsome of the peculiarities of the \\'etale fundamental group. For example,\n\\'etale fundamental groups are not \"true\" groups but only profinite groups, and\none cannot hope to recover more: the \"Tannakian\" functor represented by the\n\\'etale fundamental group of a scheme preserves finite products but not all\nproducts.\n" }, { "id": "f539ea02-45cd-4535-8903-6316ec3f4dcf", "adv_source_id": "f539ea02-45cd-4535-8903-6316ec3f4dcf", "source_id": "f539ea02-45cd-4535-8903-6316ec3f4dcf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Accuracy of the Faddeev Random Phase Approximation for Light Atoms", "prompt": null, "generation": " The accuracy of the Faddeev random phase approximation (FRPA) method is\ntested by calculating the total and ionization energies of a set of light atoms\nup to Ar. Comparisons are made with the results of coupled-cluster singles and\ndoubles (CCSD), third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction [ADC(3)], and\nwith the experiment. It is seen that even for two-electron systems, He and\nBe-2+, the inclusion of RPA effects leads to satisfactory results and therefore\nit does not over-correlate the ground state. The FRPA becomes progressively\nbetter for larger atomic numbers where it gives about 5 mH more correlation\nenergy and it shifts ionization potentials by 2-10 mH, with respect to its\nsister method ADC(3). The corrections for ionization potentials consistently\nreduce the discrepancies with the experiment.\n" }, { "id": "04683f82-6a26-4fb3-a14a-38255f60909f", "adv_source_id": "04683f82-6a26-4fb3-a14a-38255f60909f", "source_id": "04683f82-6a26-4fb3-a14a-38255f60909f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The two-and three-point correlation functions of the polarized five-year\n WMAP sky maps", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the two- and three-point real space correlation functions of the\nfive-year WMAP sky maps, and compare the observed functions to simulated LCDM\nconcordance model ensembles. In agreement with previously published results, we\nfind that the temperature correlation functions are consistent with\nexpectations. However, the pure polarization correlation functions are\nacceptable only for the 33GHz band map; the 41, 61, and 94 GHz band correlation\nfunctions all exhibit significant large-scale excess structures. Further, these\nexcess structures very closely match the correlation functions of the two\n(synchrotron and dust) foreground templates used to correct the WMAP data for\ngalactic contamination, with a cross-correlation statistically significant at\nthe 2sigma-3sigma confidence level. The correlation is slightly stronger with\nrespect to the thermal dust template than with the synchrotron template.\n" }, { "id": "9510ffa3-7e52-406c-8cc0-1ce091418f7a", "adv_source_id": "9510ffa3-7e52-406c-8cc0-1ce091418f7a", "source_id": "9510ffa3-7e52-406c-8cc0-1ce091418f7a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Self-organization of punishment in structured populations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cooperation is crucial for the remarkable evolutionary success of the human\nspecies. Not surprisingly, some individuals are willing to bare additional\ncosts in order to punish defectors. Current models assume that, once set, the\nfine and cost of punishment do not change over time. Here we show that relaxing\nthis assumption by allowing players to adapt their sanctioning efforts in\ndependence on the success of cooperation can explain both, the spontaneous\nemergence of punishment, as well as its ability to deter defectors and those\nunwilling to punish them with globally negligible investments. By means of\nphase diagrams and the analysis of emerging spatial patterns, we demonstrate\nthat adaptive punishment promotes public cooperation either through the\ninvigoration of spatial reciprocity, the prevention of the emergence of cyclic\ndominance, or through the provision of competitive advantages to those that\nsanction antisocial behavior. Presented results indicate that the process of\nself-organization significantly elevates the effectiveness of punishment, and\nthey reveal new mechanisms by means of which this fascinating and widespread\nsocial behavior could have evolved.\n" }, { "id": "cf5dff82-358c-492c-9c48-47518d44d6bd", "adv_source_id": "cf5dff82-358c-492c-9c48-47518d44d6bd", "source_id": "cf5dff82-358c-492c-9c48-47518d44d6bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Failure Processes in Elastic Fiber Bundles", "prompt": null, "generation": " The fiber bundle model describes a collection of elastic fibers under load.\nthe fibers fail successively and for each failure, the load distribution among\nthe surviving fibers change. Even though very simple, the model captures the\nessentials of failure processes in a large number of materials and settings. We\npresent here a review of fiber bundle model with different load redistribution\nmechanism from the point of view of statistics and statistical physics rather\nthan materials science, with a focus on concepts such as criticality,\nuniversality and fluctuations. We discuss the fiber bundle model as a tool for\nunderstanding phenomena such as creep, and fatigue, how it is used to describe\nthe behavior of fiber reinforced composites as well as modelling e.g. network\nfailure, traffic jams and earthquake dynamics.\n" }, { "id": "c21a4c7e-17e5-4746-8c2b-22bb05d71c32", "adv_source_id": "c21a4c7e-17e5-4746-8c2b-22bb05d71c32", "source_id": "c21a4c7e-17e5-4746-8c2b-22bb05d71c32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Finite temperature semimetal-insulator transition on the honeycomb\n lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " A semimetal-insulator transition in the Hubbard model on the honeycomb\nlattice is studied by using the dynamical mean field theory. Electrons in the\nhoneycomb lattice resemble the Dirac electron liquid and for weak interactions\nthe system is semimetal. With increasing the local interaction a\nsemimetal-insulator transition occurs. We find a nonanalytical structure of the\nphase transition which consists of a first-order transition line ending in a\nsecond-order transition point and high-temperature crossover line. A phase\nseparation of semimetal and insulator occurs at low temperatures. Maxwell\nconstruction is performed to determine the first order transition line. The\nphase diagram is also presented.\n" }, { "id": "058cb59c-7f77-4d05-b288-2418da97a35e", "adv_source_id": "058cb59c-7f77-4d05-b288-2418da97a35e", "source_id": "058cb59c-7f77-4d05-b288-2418da97a35e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A New Pulsar in Green Bank Telescope Searches of Ten Globular Clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the results of pulsar searches in ten globular clusters using the\nRobert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. One new binary millisecond pulsar has been\ndiscovered in NGC 5986 with P=2.6 ms, P_orb=1.3 d, and a minimum companion mass\nof 0.16 M_sun. The companion is most likely a Helium white dwarf. Eight of the\nglobular clusters we searched have central densities <10^4 L_sun pc^-3, making\nthis a good sample for studying the pulsar content of low density clusters. We\nfind no evidence for pulsars in clusters with very low densities <10^3 L_sun\npc^-3, consistent with theoretical predictions. Null results in many of\nclusters we searched with moderate densities indicate that these systems do not\ncontain a bright MSP. Two clusters in particular, one with very low\nmetallicity, stand in contrast to theoretical calculations by Ivanova et al.\n(2008). We also find that three body exchange interaction rates calculated by\nPhinney (1996) seem to over predict the pulsar content in the clusters we\nstudied.\n" }, { "id": "1ecc7ec7-fa4a-45d8-8a01-1827a7494abe", "adv_source_id": "1ecc7ec7-fa4a-45d8-8a01-1827a7494abe", "source_id": "1ecc7ec7-fa4a-45d8-8a01-1827a7494abe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The true nature of Terzan 5: the most efficient \"furnace\" of MSPs in the\n Galaxy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Terzan5 is the globular cluster (GC)-like stellar system harboring the\nlargest known population of MSPs. Using the Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics\ndemonstrator MAD at the ESO - VLT, we recently obtained a superb (K, J - K)\ncolor-magnitude diagram, which has revealed the existence of two horizontal\nbranches (HBs) well separated in magnitude and colour (Ferraro et al. 2009,\nNature,462, 483). A prompt spectroscopic follow-up with NIRSPEC@Keck has shown\nthat the two populations have (1) significantly different iron content ([Fe/H]=\n-0.2 and +0.3 for the faint and the bright HB, respectively), (2) distinct\n[alpha/Fe] abundance patterns and (3) no evidence of the Al-O anti-correlation\ncommonly observed in GCs. All these properties suggest that Ter 5 is far from\nbeing a genuine globular. Instead it has experienced the explosion of a huge\nnumber of supernovae (SNe), thus accounting for its high metal content and it\nshould have been much more massive in the past than today, thus to retain the\nSN ejecta within its potential well. The many type II SNe should have also\nproduced a large number of neutron stars (NSs), which could finally explain its\nexceptionally large population of MSPs.\n" }, { "id": "c247d2c2-bcab-4c4d-b5c9-237f5ee1357a", "adv_source_id": "c247d2c2-bcab-4c4d-b5c9-237f5ee1357a", "source_id": "c247d2c2-bcab-4c4d-b5c9-237f5ee1357a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of sdO models: mode trapping", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the first description of mode trapping for sdO models. Mode\ntrapping of gravity modes caused by the He/H chemical transition is found for a\nparticular model, providing a selection effect for high radial order trapped\nmodes. Low- and intermediate-radial order {\\em p}-modes (mixed modes with a\nmajority of nodes in the P-mode region) are found to be trapped by the C-O/He\ntransition, but with no significant effects on the driving. This region seems\nto have also a subtle effect on the trapping of low radial order {\\em g}-modes\n(mixed modes with a majority of nodes in the G-mode region), but again with no\neffect on the driving. We found that for mode trapping to have an influence on\nthe driving of sdO modes (1) the mode should be trapped in a way that the\namplitude of the eigenfunctions is lower in a damping region and (2) in this\ndamping region significant energy interchange has to be produced.\n" }, { "id": "37056b3d-b116-4f3c-bc9b-c371998af8ff", "adv_source_id": "37056b3d-b116-4f3c-bc9b-c371998af8ff", "source_id": "37056b3d-b116-4f3c-bc9b-c371998af8ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Check of AGT Relation for Conformal Blocks on Sphere", "prompt": null, "generation": " The AGT conjecture identifying conformal blocks with the Nekrasov functions\nis investigated for the spherical conformal blocks with more than 4 external\nlegs. The diagram technique which arises in conformal block calculation\ninvolves propagators and vertices. We evaluated vertices with two Virasoro\nalgebra descendants and explicitly checked the AGT relation up to the third\norder of the expansion for the 5-point and 6-point conformal blocks on sphere\nconfirming all the predictions of arXiv:0906.3219 relevant in this situation.\nWe propose that U(1)-factor can be extracted from the matrix elements of the\nfree field Vertex operators. We studied the n-point case, and found out that\nour results confirm the AGT conjecture up to the third order expansions.\n" }, { "id": "1ce3f8e3-5209-484e-83a2-b8b018c78bb2", "adv_source_id": "1ce3f8e3-5209-484e-83a2-b8b018c78bb2", "source_id": "1ce3f8e3-5209-484e-83a2-b8b018c78bb2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tunable asymmetric reflectance in silver films near the percolation\n threshold", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on the optical characterization of semicontinuous nanostructured\nsilver films exhibiting tunable optical reflectance asymmetries. The films are\nobtained using a multi-step process, where a nanocrystalline silver film is\nfirst chemically deposited on a glass substrate and then subsequently coated\nwith additional silver via thermal vacuum-deposition. The resulting films\nexhibit reflectance asymmetries whose dispersions may be tuned both in sign and\nin magnitude, as well as a universal, tunable spectral crossover point. We\nobtain a correlation between the optical response and charge transport in these\nfilms, with the spectral crossover point indicating the onset of charge\npercolation. Such broadband, dispersion-tunable asymmetric reflectors may find\nuses in future light-harvesting systems.\n" }, { "id": "e1f36ffd-f9f2-4ab7-8bec-297d58ac0b93", "adv_source_id": "e1f36ffd-f9f2-4ab7-8bec-297d58ac0b93", "source_id": "e1f36ffd-f9f2-4ab7-8bec-297d58ac0b93", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Weak 13CO in the Cloverleaf Quasar: evidence for a young, early\n generation starburst", "prompt": null, "generation": " Observations of 12CO at high redshift indicate rapid metal enrichment in the\nnuclear regions of at least some galaxies in the early universe. However, the\nenrichment may be limited to nuclei that are synthesized by short-lived massive\nstars, excluding classical secondary nuclei like 13CO. Testing this idea, we\ntentatively detect the 13CO J=3-2 line at a level of 0.3 Jy km/s toward the\nCloverleaf Quasar at redshift 2.5. This is the first observational evidence for\n13CO at high redshift. The 12CO/13CO J=3-2 luminosity ratio is with at least 40\nmuch higher than ratios observed in molecular clouds of the Milky Way and in\nthe ultraluminous galaxy Arp 220, but may be similar to that observed toward\nNGC 6240. Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) models simulating seven 12CO\ntransitions and the 13CO line yield 12CO/13CO abundance ratios in excess of 100\nfor the Cloverleaf. It is possible that the measured ratio is affected by a\nstrong submillimeter radiation field, which reduces the contrast between the\n13CO line and the background. It is more likely, however, that the ratio is\ncaused by a real deficiency of 13CO. A potential conflict with optical data,\nindicating high abundances also for secondary nuclei in quasars of high\nredshift, may be settled if the bulk of the CO emission is originating\nsufficiently far from the active galactic nucleus.\n" }, { "id": "7f62bf29-72b2-47f9-8742-1e7cc7e738ba", "adv_source_id": "7f62bf29-72b2-47f9-8742-1e7cc7e738ba", "source_id": "7f62bf29-72b2-47f9-8742-1e7cc7e738ba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evolutionary models of short-period soft X-ray transients: comparison\n with observations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider evolutionary models for the population of short-period (<10 hr)\nlow-mass black-hole binaries (LMBHBs) and compare them with observations of\nsoft X-ray transients (SXTs). We show that assuming strongly reduced magnetic\nbraking (as suggested by us before for low-mass semidetached binaries) the\ncalculated masses and effective temperatures of secondaries are encouragingly\nclose to the observed masses and effective temperatures (as inferred from their\nspectra) of donor stars in short-period LMBHBs. Theoretical mass-transfer rates\nin SXTs are consistent with the observed ones if one assumes that accretion\ndiscs in these systems are truncated (``leaky''). We find that the population\nof short-period SXTs is formed mainly by systems which had unevolved or\nslightly evolved main-sequence donors ($M_2 \\lesssim 1.2M_\\odot$) with a\nhydrogen abundance in the center $X_c > 0.35$ at the Roche-lobe overflow\n(RLOF). Longer period (0.5 - 1) day) SXTs might descend from systems with\ninitial donor masses of about 1 $M_\\odot$ and $X_c < 0.35$. Thus, one can\nexplain the origin of short period LMBHB without invoking donors with cores\nalmost totally depleted of hydrogen. Our models suggest that, unless the\ncurrently accepted empirical estimates of mass-loss rates by winds for massive\nO-stars and Wolf-Rayet stars are significantly over-evaluated, a very high\nefficiency of common-envelope ejection is necessary to form short-period\nLMBHBs.\n" }, { "id": "c7f20f7c-09b2-4dab-abdb-cb3db9864825", "adv_source_id": "c7f20f7c-09b2-4dab-abdb-cb3db9864825", "source_id": "c7f20f7c-09b2-4dab-abdb-cb3db9864825", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Frustrated RVB states in 2D: classifications and short-range\n correlations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Resonating valence bond (RVB) states are of crucial importance in our\nintuitive understanding of quantum spin liquids in 2D. We systematically\nclassify short-range bosonic RVB states into symmetric or nematic spin liquids\nby examining their flux patterns. We further map short-range bosonic RVB states\ninto projected BCS wave functions, on which we perform large-scale Monte Carlo\nsimulations without the minus sign problem. Our results clearly show that both\nspin and dimer correlations decay exponentially in all the short-range\nfrustrated (non-bipartite or $Z_2$) bosonic RVB states we studied, indicating\nthat they are gapped $Z_2$ quantum spin liquids. Generically, we conjecture\nthat all short-range frustrated bosonic RVB states in 2D have only short-range\ncorrelations.\n" }, { "id": "af32f104-ee57-4301-b9c1-f60a2756fec5", "adv_source_id": "af32f104-ee57-4301-b9c1-f60a2756fec5", "source_id": "af32f104-ee57-4301-b9c1-f60a2756fec5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Deciphering Network Community Structure by Surprise", "prompt": null, "generation": " The analysis of complex networks permeates all sciences, from biology to\nsociology. A fundamental, unsolved problem is how to characterize the community\nstructure of a network. Here, using both standard and novel benchmarks, we show\nthat maximization of a simple global parameter, which we call Surprise (S),\nleads to a very efficient characterization of the community structure of\ncomplex synthetic networks. Particularly, S qualitatively outperforms the most\ncommonly used criterion to define communities, Newman and Girvan's modularity\n(Q). Applying S maximization to real networks often provides natural,\nwell-supported partitions, but also sometimes counterintuitive solutions that\nexpose the limitations of our previous knowledge. These results indicate that\nit is possible to define an effective global criterion for community structure\nand open new routes for the understanding of complex networks.\n" }, { "id": "b160c9e2-e5a8-4b48-b810-9e7ad757412f", "adv_source_id": "b160c9e2-e5a8-4b48-b810-9e7ad757412f", "source_id": "b160c9e2-e5a8-4b48-b810-9e7ad757412f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Asymmetric simple exclusion process in one-dimensional chains with\n long-range links", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the boundary-driven asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) in a\none-dimensional chain with long-range links. Shortcuts are added to a chain by\nconnecting $pL$ different pairs of sites selected randomly where $L$ and $p$\ndenote the chain length and the shortcut density, respectively. Particles flow\ninto a chain at one boundary at rate $\\alpha$ and out of a chain at the other\nboundary at rate $\\beta$, while they hop inside a chain via nearest-neighbor\nbonds and long-range shortcuts. Without shortcuts, the model reduces to the\nboundary-driven ASEP in a one-dimensional chain which displays the low density,\nhigh density, and maximal current phases. Shortcuts lead to a drastic change.\nNumerical simulation studies suggest that there emerge three phases; an empty\nphase with $ \\rho = 0 $, a jammed phase with $ \\rho = 1 $, and a shock phase\nwith $ 0<\\rho<1$ where $\\rho$ is the mean particle density. The shock phase is\ncharacterized with a phase separation between an empty region and a jammed\nregion with a localized shock between them. The mechanism for the shock\nformation and the non-equilibrium phase transition is explained by an analytic\ntheory based on a mean-field approximation and an annealed approximation.\n" }, { "id": "76b81cd1-0c05-4c35-b5d2-b2073d63ba99", "adv_source_id": "76b81cd1-0c05-4c35-b5d2-b2073d63ba99", "source_id": "76b81cd1-0c05-4c35-b5d2-b2073d63ba99", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hubble's law and faster than light expansion speeds", "prompt": null, "generation": " Naively applying Hubble's law to a sufficiently distant object gives a\nreceding velocity larger than the speed of light. By discussing a very similar\nsituation in special relativity, we argue that Hubble's law is meaningful only\nfor nearby objects with non-relativistic receding speeds. To support this\nclaim, we note that in a curved spacetime manifold it is not possible to\ndirectly compare tangent vectors at different points, and thus there is no\nnatural definition of relative velocity between two spatially separated objects\nin cosmology. We clarify the geometrical meaning of the Hubble's receding speed\nv by showing that in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime if the\nfour-velocity vector of a comoving object is parallel-transported along the\nstraight line in flat comoving coordinates to the position of a second comoving\nobject, then v/c actually becomes the rapidity of the local Lorentz\ntransformation, which maps the fixed four-velocity vector to the transported\none.\n" }, { "id": "4f188106-42c5-4621-968b-20cb58d158e9", "adv_source_id": "4f188106-42c5-4621-968b-20cb58d158e9", "source_id": "4f188106-42c5-4621-968b-20cb58d158e9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Accretion Disk Winds in AM CVn Binaries - a Monte Carlo Approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " AM CVn systems are interacting binaries similar to cataclysmic variables\n(CVs), but more compact with orbital periods of less than 80 minutes. The\nprimary is a white dwarf, whereas the nature of the secondary is not completely\nclear, yet. Abundances and composition of the outer layer of the secondary can\nbe found by analysis of the accretion disk (presented by Nagel et al. these\nproceedings). Spectra from high-state AM CVn systems do not only show typical\nsignatures of accretion disks, but also P Cygni line profiles, a sign of\noutflow being present in the system. Here we present the first quantitative\nspectral analysis of an accretion-disk wind in AM CVn systems. Emergent wind\nspectra are modeled with our 3-D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code WOMPAT. We\nshow that P Cygni profiles can be reproduced with our wind models.\n" }, { "id": "3eeba0e3-495d-42c9-ad44-411d18456b9e", "adv_source_id": "3eeba0e3-495d-42c9-ad44-411d18456b9e", "source_id": "3eeba0e3-495d-42c9-ad44-411d18456b9e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improving Route Discovery Using Stable Connected Dominating Set in\n MANETs", "prompt": null, "generation": " A Connected Dominating Set (CDS) based virtual backbone plays an important\nrole in wireless ad hoc networks for efficient routing and broadcasting. Each\nnode in the network can select some of its 1-hop neighbors as Multi Point Relay\n(MPR) to cover all its 2-hop neighbors. A MPR based CDS is a promising approach\nfor broadcasting. A node in the CDS consumes more energy and the energy\ndepletes quickly than non dominating nodes. Although previous CDS construction\nalgorithms achieve good results in terms of the size of CDS, a minimum size CDS\ndoes not necessarily guarantee an optimal network performance from an energy\nefficient point of view. In this paper, we propose a distributed algorithm for\nenergy efficient stable MPR based CDS construction to extend the lifetime of ad\nhoc wireless networks by considering energy and velocity of nodes. We have also\nimplemented route discovery protocol to make use of the CDS nodes to relay\nroute request messages. The simulation results show that our algorithm\nincreases the lifetime up to 25% than previous works and 60% reduction in the\nroute request messages during route discovery process.\n" }, { "id": "bc56e1ec-00bd-4d5c-999e-64e2c703d52a", "adv_source_id": "bc56e1ec-00bd-4d5c-999e-64e2c703d52a", "source_id": "bc56e1ec-00bd-4d5c-999e-64e2c703d52a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analytical galactic models with mild stellar cusps", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the past two decades, it has been established by high-resolution\nobservations of early-type galaxies that their nuclear surface brightness and\ncorresponding stellar mass densities are characterized by cusps. In this paper,\nwe present a new spherical analytical model family describing mild cuspy\ncentres. We study isotropic and anisotropic models of Osipkov-Merritt type. It\nis shown that the associated distribution functions and intrinsic velocity\ndispersions can be represented analytically in a unified way in terms of\nhypergeometric series, allowing thus a straightforward comparison of these\nimportant global quantities for galaxies having underlying mass densities which\nmay differ significantly in their degree of central cuspiness or radial\nfalloff.\n" }, { "id": "b9166abb-736c-4024-88e3-1c2678aa4d6e", "adv_source_id": "b9166abb-736c-4024-88e3-1c2678aa4d6e", "source_id": "b9166abb-736c-4024-88e3-1c2678aa4d6e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Antilinear deformations of Coxeter groups, an application to Calogero\n models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct complex root spaces remaining invariant under antilinear\ninvolutions related to all Coxeter groups. We provide two alternative\nconstructions: One is based on deformations of factors of the Coxeter element\nand the other based on the deformation of the longest element of the Coxeter\ngroup. Motivated by the fact that non-Hermitian Hamiltonians admitting an\nantilinear symmetry may be used to define consistent quantum mechanical systems\nwith real discrete energy spectra, we subsequently employ our constructions to\nformulate deformations of Coxeter models remaining invariant under these\nextended Coxeter groups. We provide explicit and generic solutions for the\nSchroedinger equation of these models for the eigenenergies and corresponding\nwavefunctions. A new feature of these novel models is that when compared with\nthe undeformed case their solutions are usually no longer singular for an\nexchange of an amount of particles less than the dimension of the\nrepresentation space of the roots. The simultaneous scattering of all particles\nin the model leads to anyonic exchange factors for processes which have no\nanalogue in the undeformed case.\n" }, { "id": "98744ec2-4cce-4432-b1d5-a09d295ff3c4", "adv_source_id": "98744ec2-4cce-4432-b1d5-a09d295ff3c4", "source_id": "98744ec2-4cce-4432-b1d5-a09d295ff3c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Support vector machine for functional data classification", "prompt": null, "generation": " In many applications, input data are sampled functions taking their values in\ninfinite dimensional spaces rather than standard vectors. This fact has complex\nconsequences on data analysis algorithms that motivate modifications of them.\nIn fact most of the traditional data analysis tools for regression,\nclassification and clustering have been adapted to functional inputs under the\ngeneral name of functional Data Analysis (FDA). In this paper, we investigate\nthe use of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for functional data analysis and we\nfocus on the problem of curves discrimination. SVMs are large margin classifier\ntools based on implicit non linear mappings of the considered data into high\ndimensional spaces thanks to kernels. We show how to define simple kernels that\ntake into account the unctional nature of the data and lead to consistent\nclassification. Experiments conducted on real world data emphasize the benefit\nof taking into account some functional aspects of the problems.\n" }, { "id": "4d6f5c96-02bc-4b9a-801e-117be2429089", "adv_source_id": "4d6f5c96-02bc-4b9a-801e-117be2429089", "source_id": "4d6f5c96-02bc-4b9a-801e-117be2429089", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the distribution of protostar masses", "prompt": null, "generation": " The distribution of protostar masses is studied for core-environment systems\nwhose duration of infall follows a waiting-time distribution. Each\ncore-environment system has a continuous density profile with no barrier to\nmass flow. The core is an isothermal sphere and the environment is a filament,\na layer, or a uniform medium. The infall is terminated by gas dispersal due to\noutflows and turbulence. The distribution of infall durations is a declining\nexponential, the simplest waiting-time distribution. The resulting distribution\nof protostar masses closely resembles the initial mass function, provided the\nenvironment density is sufficiently high, and the distribution of initial core\nmasses is sufficiently narrow. The high-mass tail of the mass function\nincreases strongly with environment density and weakly with environment\ndimension. Isolated regions of low environment density form protostars of low\nmass from within the parent core. In contrast, clustered regions of high\nenvironment density form protostars of low mass from core gas, and protostars\nof high mass from core and environment gas.\n" }, { "id": "0af016e9-a53f-40c8-ac74-db019baa452b", "adv_source_id": "0af016e9-a53f-40c8-ac74-db019baa452b", "source_id": "0af016e9-a53f-40c8-ac74-db019baa452b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transition between nuclear and quark-gluon descriptions of hadrons and\n light nuclei", "prompt": null, "generation": " We provide a perspective on studies aimed at observing the transition between\nhadronic and quark-gluonic descriptions of reactions involving light nuclei. We\nbegin by summarizing the results for relatively simple reactions such as the\npion form factor and the neutral pion transition form factor as well as that\nfor the nucleon and end with exclusive photoreactions in our simplest nuclei. A\nparticular focus will be on reactions involving the deuteron. It is noted that\na firm understanding of these issues is essential for unraveling important\nstructure information from processes such as deeply virtual Compton scattering\nas well as deeply virtual meson production. The connection to exotic phenomena\nsuch as color transparency will be discussed. A number of outstanding\nchallenges will require new experiments at modern facilities on the horizon as\nwell as further theoretical developments.\n" }, { "id": "577ada41-2bcc-49c4-bf1c-79ab18f272d2", "adv_source_id": "577ada41-2bcc-49c4-bf1c-79ab18f272d2", "source_id": "577ada41-2bcc-49c4-bf1c-79ab18f272d2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Viscous cavity damping of a microlever in a simple fluid", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the problem of oscillation damping in air of a thermally actuated\nmicrolever as it is gradually approached towards an infinite wall in parallel\ngeometry. As the gap is decreased from 20 nm down to 400 nm, we observe the\nincreasing damping of the lever Brownian motion in the fluid laminar regime.\nThis manifests itself as a linear decrease with distance of the lever quality\nfactor accompanied by a dramatic softening of its resonance, and eventually\nleads to the freezing of the CL oscillation. We are able to quantitatively\nexplain this behavior by analytically solving the Navier-Stokes equation with\nperfect slip boundary conditions. Our findings may have implications for\nmicrofluidics and micro- nano-electromechanical applications.\n" }, { "id": "fc598628-0742-4de8-9bcf-b75a70e463c0", "adv_source_id": "fc598628-0742-4de8-9bcf-b75a70e463c0", "source_id": "fc598628-0742-4de8-9bcf-b75a70e463c0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Characterizing spatiotemporal patterns in three-state lattice models", "prompt": null, "generation": " A two-species spatially extended system of hosts and parasitoids is studied.\nThere are two distinct kinds of coexistence; one with populations distributed\nhomogeneously in space and another one with spatiotemporal patterns. In the\nlatter case, there are noise-sustained oscillations in the population\ndensities, whereas in the former one the densities are essentially constants in\ntime with small fluctuations. We introduce several metrics to characterize the\npatterns and onset thereof. We also build a consistent sequence of corrections\nto the mean-field equations using a posteriori knowledge from simulations.\nThese corrections both lead to better description of the dynamics and connect\nthe patterns to it. The analysis is readily applicable to realistic systems,\nwhich we demonstrate by an example using an empirical metapopulation landscape.\n" }, { "id": "f11e046d-d198-4f12-bb87-3b2e24add6fd", "adv_source_id": "f11e046d-d198-4f12-bb87-3b2e24add6fd", "source_id": "f11e046d-d198-4f12-bb87-3b2e24add6fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for the decay B+ -> K+ tau-/+ mu+/-", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a search for the lepton flavor violating decay B+ --> K+ tau-/+\nmu+/- using 383 million B Bbar events collected by the BABAR experiment. The\nbranching fraction for this decay can be substantially enhanced in new physics\nmodels. The kinematics of the tau from the signal B decay are inferred from the\nK+, mu, and other B in the event, which is fully reconstructed in one of a\nvariety of hadronic decay modes, allowing the signal B candidate to be fully\nreconstructed. We observe no excess of events over the expected background and\nset a limit of B(B+ --> K+ tau mu) < 7.7 x 10^-5 at 90% confidence level, where\nthe branching fraction is for the sum of the K+ tau- mu+ and K+ tau+ mu- final\nstates. We use this result to improve a model-independent bound on the energy\nscale of flavor-changing new physics.\n" }, { "id": "ca1a0e9e-5636-4989-909f-51857aea76c3", "adv_source_id": "ca1a0e9e-5636-4989-909f-51857aea76c3", "source_id": "ca1a0e9e-5636-4989-909f-51857aea76c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New Calabi-Yau Manifolds with Small Hodge Numbers", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is known that many Calabi-Yau manifolds form a connected web. The question\nof whether all Calabi-Yau manifolds form a single web depends on the degree of\nsingularity that is permitted for the varieties that connect the distinct\nfamilies of smooth manifolds. If only conifolds are allowed then, since\nshrinking two-spheres and three-spheres to points cannot affect the fundamental\ngroup, manifolds with different fundamental groups will form disconnected webs.\nWe examine these webs for the tip of the distribution of Calabi-Yau manifolds\nwhere the Hodge numbers (h^{11}, h^{21}) are both small. In the tip of the\ndistribution the quotient manifolds play an important role. We generate via\nconifold transitions from these quotients a number of new manifolds. These\ninclude a manifold with \\chi =-6 and manifolds with an attractive structure\nthat may prove of interest for string phenomenology. We also examine the\nrelation of some of these manifolds to the remarkable Gross-Popescu manifolds\nthat have Euler number zero.\n" }, { "id": "a93c3aa6-03ab-4b27-ac13-a9aeec05885e", "adv_source_id": "a93c3aa6-03ab-4b27-ac13-a9aeec05885e", "source_id": "a93c3aa6-03ab-4b27-ac13-a9aeec05885e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Formation of fullerenes in H-containing Planetary Nebulae", "prompt": null, "generation": " Hydrogen depleted environments are considered an essential requirement for\nthe formation of fullerenes. The recent detection of C60 and C70 fullerenes in\nwhat was interpreted as the hydrogen-poor inner region of a post-final helium\nshell flash Planetary Nebula (PN) seemed to confirm this picture. Here, we\npresent evidence that challenges the current paradigm regarding fullerene\nformation, showing that it can take place in circumstellar environments\ncontaining hydrogen. We report the simultaneous detection of Polycyclic\nAromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fullerenes towards C-rich and H-containing PNe\nbelonging to environments with very different chemical histories such as our\nown Galaxy and the Small Magellanic Cloud. We suggest that PAHs and fullerenes\nmay be formed by the photochemical processing of hydrogenated amorphous carbon.\nThese observations suggest that modifications may be needed to our current\nunderstanding of the chemistry of large organic molecules as well as the\nchemical processing in space.\n" }, { "id": "d2750cd6-415e-418c-8469-232f4975b6ed", "adv_source_id": "d2750cd6-415e-418c-8469-232f4975b6ed", "source_id": "d2750cd6-415e-418c-8469-232f4975b6ed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Limit Cycles of a Quadratic System with Two Parallel Straight\n Line-Isoclines", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, a quadratic system with two parallel straight line-isoclines\nis considered. This system corresponds to the system of class II in the\nclassification of Ye Yanqian. Using the field rotation parameters of the\nconstructed canonical system and geometric properties of the spirals filling\nthe interior and exterior domains of its limit cycles, we prove that the\nmaximum number of limit cycles in a quadratic system with two parallel straight\nline-isoclines and two finite singular points is equal to two. Besides, we\nobtain the same result in a different way: applying the Wintner-Perko\ntermination principle for multiple limit cycles and using the methods of global\nbifurcation theory developed earlier by the author.\n" }, { "id": "74400618-1260-4315-b3af-7751a464a91e", "adv_source_id": "74400618-1260-4315-b3af-7751a464a91e", "source_id": "74400618-1260-4315-b3af-7751a464a91e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Universality in the two matrix model: a Riemann-Hilbert steepest descent\n analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " The eigenvalue statistics of a pair $(M_1,M_2)$ of $n\\times n$ Hermitian\nmatrices taken random with respect to the measure\n $$\\frac{1}{Z_n}\\exp\\big(-n\\Tr (V(M_1)+W(M_2)-\\tau M_1M_2)\\big) {\\rm d}M_1\n{\\rm d} M_2 $$ can be described in terms of two families of biorthogonal\npolynomials. In this paper we give a steepest descent analysis of a $4 \\times\n4$ matrix-valued Riemann-Hilbert problem characterizing one of the families of\nbiorthogonal polynomials in the special case $W(y)=y^4/4$ and $V$ an even\npolynomial. As a result we obtain the limiting behavior of the correlation\nkernel associated to the eigenvalues of $M_1$ (when averaged over $M_2$) in the\nglobal and local regime as $n\\to \\infty$ in the one-cut regular case. A special\nfeature in the analysis is the introduction of a vector equilibrium problem\ninvolving both an external field and an upper constraint.\n" }, { "id": "3ed6ecb9-3808-4b49-b612-a6776d6b006c", "adv_source_id": "3ed6ecb9-3808-4b49-b612-a6776d6b006c", "source_id": "3ed6ecb9-3808-4b49-b612-a6776d6b006c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lynds 1622: a nearby star forming cloud projected on Orion B?", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results of optical spectroscopic and photometric observation of\nthe pre-main sequence stars associated with the cometary shaped dark cloud\nLynds 1622, and 12CO and 13CO observations of the cloud. We determined the\neffective temperatures and luminosities of 14 pre-main sequence stars\nassociated with the cloud from their positions in the Hertzsprung--Russell\ndiagram, as well as constructed their spectral energy distributions using\noptical, 2MASS and Spitzer IRAC and MIPS data. We derived physical parameters\nof L1622 from the molecular observations. Our results are not compatible with\nthe assumption that L1622 lies on the near side of the Orion-Eridanus loop, but\nsuggest that L1622 is as distant as Orion B. At a distance of 400 pc the mass\nof the cloud, derived from our CO data, is 1100 solar masses, its star\nformation efficiency is 1.8%, and the average age of its low-mass pre-main\nsequence star population is about 1 million years.\n" }, { "id": "02064ef8-5af3-4675-bdb1-a785599877da", "adv_source_id": "02064ef8-5af3-4675-bdb1-a785599877da", "source_id": "02064ef8-5af3-4675-bdb1-a785599877da", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Environment-Assisted Quantum Walks in Photosynthetic Energy Transfer", "prompt": null, "generation": " Energy transfer within photosynthetic systems can display quantum effects\nsuch as delocalized excitonic transport. Recently, direct evidence of\nlong-lived coherence has been experimentally demonstrated for the dynamics of\nthe Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein complex [Engel et al., Nature 446, 782\n(2007)]. However, the relevance of quantum dynamical processes to the exciton\ntransfer efficiency is to a large extent unknown. Here, we develop a\ntheoretical framework for studying the role of quantum interference effects in\nenergy transfer dynamics of molecular arrays interacting with a thermal bath\nwithin the Lindblad formalism. To this end, we generalize continuous-time\nquantum walks to non-unitary and temperature-dependent dynamics in Liouville\nspace derived from a microscopic Hamiltonian. Different physical effects of\ncoherence and decoherence processes are explored via a universal measure for\nthe energy transfer efficiency and its susceptibility. In particular, we\ndemonstrate that for the FMO complex an effective interplay between free\nHamiltonian and thermal fluctuations in the environment leads to a substantial\nincrease in energy transfer efficiency from about 70% to 99%.\n" }, { "id": "7d82401a-bc36-4fdf-ba63-813397eec285", "adv_source_id": "7d82401a-bc36-4fdf-ba63-813397eec285", "source_id": "7d82401a-bc36-4fdf-ba63-813397eec285", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exotic mesons with hidden charm and bottom near thresholds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study heavy hadron spectroscopy near heavy meson thresholds. We employ\nheavy pseudoscalar meson P and heavy vector meson P* as effective degrees of\nfreedom and consider meson exchange potentials between them. All possible\ncomposite states which can be constructed from the P and P* mesons are studied\nup to the total angular momentum J <= 2. We consider, as exotic states,\nisosinglet states with exotic J^{PC} quantum numbers and isotriplet states. We\nsolve numerically the Schr\\\"odinger equation with channel-couplings for each\nstate. We found B(*)barB(*) molecule states for I^G(J^{PC}) = 1^+(1^{+-})\ncorrespond to the masses of twin resonances Zb(10610) and Zb(10650). We predict\nseveral possible B(*)barB(*) bound and/or resonant states in other channels. On\nthe other hand, there are no B(*)barB(*) bound and/or resonant states whose\nquantum numbers are exotic.\n" }, { "id": "c2d267bc-37f6-4898-96b0-c52add79b565", "adv_source_id": "c2d267bc-37f6-4898-96b0-c52add79b565", "source_id": "c2d267bc-37f6-4898-96b0-c52add79b565", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Early Universe cosmology with mirror dark matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mirror matter is a stable self-collisional dark matter candidate. If exact\nmirror parity is a conserved symmetry of nature, there could exist a parallel\nhidden (mirror) sector of the Universe which has the same kind of particles and\nthe same physical laws of our (visible) sector. The two sectors interact each\nother predominantly via gravity, therefore mirror matter is naturally \"dark\".\nHere I briefly review the cosmological signatures of mirror dark matter, as Big\nBang nucleosynthesis, primordial structure formation and evolution, cosmic\nmicrowave background and large scale structure power spectra, together with its\ncompatibility with the interpretation of the DAMA annual modulation signal in\nterms of photon--mirror-photon kinetic mixing. Summarizing the present status\nof research and comparing theoretical results with observations/experiments, it\nemerges that mirror matter is not just a viable, but a promising dark matter\ncandidate.\n" }, { "id": "eea328e1-50b6-4d3f-8b27-c65e90d38e38", "adv_source_id": "eea328e1-50b6-4d3f-8b27-c65e90d38e38", "source_id": "eea328e1-50b6-4d3f-8b27-c65e90d38e38", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "K0s-K0s correlations in 7 TeV pp collisions from the ALICE experiment at\n the LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " Identical neutral kaon pair correlations are measured in 7 TeV pp collisions\nin the ALICE experiment. K0s-K0s correlation functions are formed in 3\nmultiplicity X 4 kT bins. The femtoscopic kaon source parameters Rinv and\nlambda are extracted from these correlation functions by fitting a (femtoscopy)\nX (PYTHIA) model to them, PYTHIA accounting for the non-flat baseline found in\npp collisions. Source parameters are obtained from a fit which includes quantum\nstatistics and final-state interactions of the a0/f0 resonance. K0s-K0s\ncorrelations show a systematic increase in Rinv for increasing multiplicity bin\nand decreasing Rinv for increasing kT bin as seen in pi-pi correlations in the\npp system, as well as seen in heavy-ion collisions. Also, K0s-K0s correlations\nare observed to smoothly extend this pi-pi Rinv behavior for the pp system up\nto about three times higher kT than the kT range measured in pi-pi\ncorrelations.\n" }, { "id": "f186ed53-25af-414c-95f2-c82df80c987e", "adv_source_id": "f186ed53-25af-414c-95f2-c82df80c987e", "source_id": "f186ed53-25af-414c-95f2-c82df80c987e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interference Alignment Through User Cooperation for Two-cell MIMO\n Interfering Broadcast Channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper focuses on two-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian\ninterfering broadcast channels (MIMO-IFBC) with $K$ cooperating users on the\ncell-boundary of each BS. It corresponds to a downlink scenario for cellular\nnetworks with two base stations (BSs), and $K$ users equipped with Wi-Fi\ninterfaces enabling to cooperate among users on a peer-to-peer basis. In this\nscenario, we propose a novel interference alignment (IA) technique exploiting\nuser cooperation. Our proposed algorithm obtains the achievable degrees of\nfreedom (DoF) of 2K when each BS and user have $M=K+1$ transmit antennas and\n$N=K$ receive antennas, respectively. Furthermore, the algorithm requires only\na small amount of channel feedback information with the aid of the user\ncooperation channels. The simulations demonstrate that not only are the\nanalytical results valid, but the achievable DoF of our proposed algorithm also\noutperforms those of conventional techniques.\n" }, { "id": "57ec3b57-3193-46e7-ab89-b6f58b4034c0", "adv_source_id": "57ec3b57-3193-46e7-ab89-b6f58b4034c0", "source_id": "57ec3b57-3193-46e7-ab89-b6f58b4034c0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamical constraints on the neutron star mass in EXO 0748-676", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present VLT intermediate resolution spectroscopy of UY Vol, the optical\ncounterpart of the LMXB X-ray burster EXO 0748-676. By using Doppler tomography\nwe detect narrow components within the broad He II 4542 A, 4686 A and 5412 A\nemission lines. The phase, velocity and narrowness of these lines are\nconsistent with their arising from the irradiated hemisphere of the donor star,\nas has been observed in a number of LMXBs. Under this assumption we provide the\nfirst dynamical constraints on the stellar masses in this system. In\nparticular, we measure K_2>K_em = 300 +/- 10 km/s. Using this value we derive 1\nM_sun < M_1 < 2.4 M_sun and 0.11 < q < 0.28. We find M_1 > 1.5 M_sun for the\ncase of a main sequence companion star. Our results are consistent with the\npresence of a massive neutron star as has been suggested by Ozel (2006),\nalthough we cannot discard the canonical value of ~1.4 M_sun.\n" }, { "id": "555112ce-6315-48a5-9909-40a9415231e1", "adv_source_id": "555112ce-6315-48a5-9909-40a9415231e1", "source_id": "555112ce-6315-48a5-9909-40a9415231e1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Dynamical Ferromagnetic, Quantum Hall, and Relativistic Effects\n on the Carbon Nanotubes Nucleation and Growth Mechanism", "prompt": null, "generation": " The mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT) nucleation and growth has been a\nmystery for over 15 years. Prior models have attempted the extension of older\nclassical transport mechanisms. In July 2000, a more detailed and accurate\nnonclassical, relativistic mechanism was formulated considering the detailed\ndynamics of the electronics of spin and orbital rehybridization between the\ncarbon and catalyst via novel mesoscopic phenomena and quantum dynamics.\nFerromagnetic carbon was demonstrated. Here, quantum (Hall) effects and\nrelativistic effects of intense many body spin-orbital interactions for novel\norbital rehybridization dynamics (Little Effect) are proposed in this new\ndynamical magnetic mechanism. This dynamic ferromagnetic mechanism is proven by\nimposing dynamic and static magnetic fields during CNT syntheses and observing\nthe different influence of these external magnetic environments on the\ncatalyzing spin currents and spin waves and the resulting CNT formation.\n" }, { "id": "c02103ea-19ab-4568-a94d-06cb51ba30af", "adv_source_id": "c02103ea-19ab-4568-a94d-06cb51ba30af", "source_id": "c02103ea-19ab-4568-a94d-06cb51ba30af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stabilization of one-dimensional solitons against the critical collapse\n by quintic nonlinear lattices", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has been recently discovered that stabilization of two-dimensional (2D)\nsolitons against the critical collapse in media with the cubic nonlinearity by\nmeans of nonlinear lattices (NLs) is a challenging problem. We address the 1D\nversion of the problem, i.e., the nonlinear-Schr\\\"odinger equation (NLSE) with\nthe quintic or cubic-quintic (CQ) terms, the coefficient in front of which is\nperiodically modulated in space. The models may be realized in optics and\nBose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Stability diagrams for the solitons are\nproduced by means of numerical methods and analytical approximations. It is\nfound that the sinusoidal NL stabilzes solitons supported by the quintic-only\nnonlinearity in a narrow stripe in the respective parameter plane, on the\ncontrary to the case of the cubic nonlinearity in 2D, where the stabilization\nof solitons by smooth spatial modulations is not possible at all. The stability\nregion is much broader in the 1D CQ model, where higher-order solitons may be\nstable too.\n" }, { "id": "8a0cba37-16b5-47e5-8e1e-26122d889539", "adv_source_id": "8a0cba37-16b5-47e5-8e1e-26122d889539", "source_id": "8a0cba37-16b5-47e5-8e1e-26122d889539", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectral expansion of Schwartz linear operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we prove and apply a theorem of spectral expansion for Schwartz\nlinear operators which have an S-linearly independent Schwartz eigenfamily.\nThis type of spectral expansion is the analogous of the spectral expansion for\nself-adjoint operators of separable Hilbert spaces, but in the case of\neigenfamilies of vectors indexed by the real Euclidean spaces. The theorem\nappears formally identical to the spectral expansion in the finite dimensional\ncase, but for the presence of continuous superpositions instead of finite sums.\nThe Schwartz expansion we present is one possible rigorous and simply\nmanageable mathematical model for the spectral expansions used frequently in\nQuantum Mechanics, since it appears in a form extremely similar to the current\nformulations in Physics.\n" }, { "id": "439163e5-a65e-4760-8077-3937221df797", "adv_source_id": "439163e5-a65e-4760-8077-3937221df797", "source_id": "439163e5-a65e-4760-8077-3937221df797", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "TT2NE: A novel algorithm to predict RNA secondary structures with\n pseudoknots", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present TT2NE, a new algorithm to predict RNA secondary structures with\npseudoknots. The method is based on a classification of RNA structures\naccording to their topological genus. TT2NE guarantees to find the minimum free\nenergy structure irrespectively of pseudoknot topology. This unique proficiency\nis obtained at the expense of the maximum length of sequence that can be\ntreated but comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms shows that TT2NE is a\nvery powerful tool within its limits. Analysis of TT2NE's wrong predictions\nsheds light on the need to study how sterical constraints limit the range of\npseudoknotted structures that can be formed from a given sequence. An\nimplementation of TT2NE on a public server can be found at\nhttp://ipht.cea.fr/rna/tt2ne.php.\n" }, { "id": "798f6e5e-de8e-4244-9a0d-af356bcf923d", "adv_source_id": "798f6e5e-de8e-4244-9a0d-af356bcf923d", "source_id": "798f6e5e-de8e-4244-9a0d-af356bcf923d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scalar potential in F(R) supergravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive a scalar potential in the recently proposed N=1 supersymmetric\ngeneralization of f(R) gravity in four space-time dimensions. Any such\nhigher-derivative supergravity is classically equivalent to the standard N=1\nsupergravity coupled to a chiral (matter) superfield, via a Legendre-Weyl\ntransform in superspace. The Kaehler potential, the superpotential and the\nscalar potential of that theory are all governed by a single holomorphic\nfunction. We also find the conditions for the vanishing cosmological constant\nand spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, without fine-tuning, which define a\nno-scale F(R) supergravity. The F(R) supergravities are suitable for physical\napplications in the inflationary cosmology based on supergravity and\nsuperstrings.\n" }, { "id": "eade8841-4039-421e-8564-067b8187effa", "adv_source_id": "eade8841-4039-421e-8564-067b8187effa", "source_id": "eade8841-4039-421e-8564-067b8187effa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Toward the general RGB slope-metallicity-age calibration: I\n Metallicities, Ages and Kinematics for Eight LMC Clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we discuss the properties of CMDs, age, metallicity and radial\nvelocities of eight massive LMC clusters using data taken from FORS2\nmultiobject spectrograph at the 8.2-meter VLT/UT1. The strong near-infrared Ca\nII triplet (CaT) lines of RGB stars obtained from the high S/N spectra are used\nto determine the metallicity and radial velocity of cluster members. We report\nfor the first time spectroscopically determined metallicity values for four\nclusters based on the mean [Fe/H] value of ~10 cluster members each. We found\ntwo concentrations in the distribution of ages of the target clusters. Six have\nages between 0.8-2.2 Gyr and the other two, NGC 1754 and NGC 1786, are very\nold. The metallicity of the six intermediate age clusters, with a mean age of\n1.5 Gyr, is -0.49 with a scatter of only 0.04. This tight distribution suggests\nthat a close encounter between the LMC and SMC may have caused not only the\nrestart of cluster formation in the LMC but the generation of the central bar.\nThe metallicity for the two old clusters is similar to that of the other old,\nmetal-poor LMC clusters. We find that the LMC cluster system exhibits disk-like\nrotation with no clusters appearing to have halo kinematics and there is no\nevidence of a metallicity gradient in the LMC, in contrast with the stellar\npopulation of the MW and M33, where the metallicity decreases as galactocentric\ndistance increases. The LMC's stellar bar may be the factor responsible for the\ndilution of any kind of gradient in the LMC.\n" }, { "id": "1df4dc5b-95f5-491c-a53c-0a377fe2cd62", "adv_source_id": "1df4dc5b-95f5-491c-a53c-0a377fe2cd62", "source_id": "1df4dc5b-95f5-491c-a53c-0a377fe2cd62", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Recent MEG Results and Predictive SO(10) Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent MEG results of a search for the lepton flavor violating (LFV) muon\ndecay, $\\mu \\to e \\gamma$, show 3 events as the best value for the number of\nsignals in the maximally likelihood fit. Although this result is still far from\nthe evidence/discovery in statistical point of view, it might be a sign of a\ncertain new physics beyond the Standard Model. As has been well-known,\nsupersymmetric (SUSY) models can generate the $\\mu \\to e \\gamma$ decay rate\nwithin the search reach of the MEG experiment. A certain class of SUSY grand\nunified theory (GUT) models such as the minimal SUSY SO(10) model (we call this\nclass of models \"predictive SO(10) models\") can unambiguously determine fermion\nYukawa coupling matrices, in particular, the neutrino Dirac Yukawa matrix.\nBased on the universal boundary conditions for soft SUSY breaking parameters at\nthe GUT scale, we calculate the rate of the $\\mu \\to e \\gamma$ process by using\nthe completely determined Dirac Yukawa matrix in two examples of predictive\nSO(10) models. If we interpret the 3 events in MEG experiment as a positive\nsignal and combine it with other experimental constraints such as the relic\ndensity of the neutralino dark matter and recent results on muon $g-2$, we can\npin down a parameter set of the universal boundary conditions. Then, we propose\nbenchmark sparticle mass spectra for each predictive SO(10) model, which will\nbe tested at the Large Hadronic Collider.\n" }, { "id": "66fd890a-9644-4524-87cf-8333ae29eed5", "adv_source_id": "66fd890a-9644-4524-87cf-8333ae29eed5", "source_id": "66fd890a-9644-4524-87cf-8333ae29eed5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Periodic magnetorotational dynamo action as a prototype of nonlinear\n magnetic field generation in shear flows", "prompt": null, "generation": " The nature of dynamo action in shear flows prone to magnetohydrodynamic\ninstabilities is investigated using the magnetorotational dynamo in Keplerian\nshear flow as a prototype problem. Using direct numerical simulations and\nNewton's method, we compute an exact time-periodic magnetorotational dynamo\nsolution to the three-dimensional dissipative incompressible\nmagnetohydrodynamic equations with rotation and shear. We discuss the physical\nmechanism behind the cycle and show that it results from a combination of\nlinear and nonlinear interactions between a large-scale axisymmetric toroidal\nmagnetic field and non-axisymmetric perturbations amplified by the\nmagnetorotational instability. We demonstrate that this large scale dynamo\nmechanism is overall intrinsically nonlinear and not reducible to the standard\nmean-field dynamo formalism. Our results therefore provide clear evidence for a\ngeneric nonlinear generation mechanism of time-dependent coherent large-scale\nmagnetic fields in shear flows and call for new theoretical dynamo models.\nThese findings may offer important clues to understand the transitional and\nstatistical properties of subcritical magnetorotational turbulence.\n" }, { "id": "6cc09eb3-b63e-4662-8131-d29cd56d92ae", "adv_source_id": "6cc09eb3-b63e-4662-8131-d29cd56d92ae", "source_id": "6cc09eb3-b63e-4662-8131-d29cd56d92ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coupling of a high-energy excitation to superconducting quasiparticles\n in a cuprate from Coherent Charge Fluctuation Spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Dynamical information on spin degrees of freedom of proteins or solids can be\nobtained by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR).\nA technique with similar versatility for charge degrees of freedom and their\nultrafast correlations could move forward the understanding of systems like\nunconventional superconductors. By perturbing the superconducting state in a\nhigh-Tc cuprate using a femtosecond laser pulse, we generate coherent\noscillations of the Cooper pair condensate which can be described by an NMR/ESR\nformalism. The oscillations are detected by transient broad-band reflectivity\nand found to resonate at the typical scale of Mott physics (2.6 eV), suggesting\nthe existence of a non-retarded contribution to the pairing interaction, as in\nunconventional (non Migdal-Eliashberg) theories.\n" }, { "id": "39b4b852-f7ee-4c62-a361-97727b373d0c", "adv_source_id": "39b4b852-f7ee-4c62-a361-97727b373d0c", "source_id": "39b4b852-f7ee-4c62-a361-97727b373d0c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Exact Asymptotic for the Square Variation of Partial Sum Processes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We establish an exact asymptotic formula for the square variation of certain\npartial sum processes. Let $\\{X_{i}\\}$ be a sequence of independent,\nidentically distributed mean zero random variables with finite variance\n$\\sigma$ and satisfying a moment condition $\\mathbb{E}[|X_{i}|^{2+\\delta} ] <\n\\infty$ for some $\\delta > 0$. If we let $\\mathcal{P}_{N}$ denote the set of\nall possible partitions of the interval $[N]$ into subintervals, then we have\nthat $\\max_{\\pi \\in \\mathcal{P}_{N}} \\sum_{I \\in \\pi} | \\sum_{i\\in I} X_{i}|^2\n\\sim 2 \\sigma^2N \\ln \\ln(N)$ holds almost surely. This can be viewed as a\nvariational strengthening of the law of the iterated logarithm and refines\nresults of J. Qian on partial sum and empirical processes. When $\\delta = 0$,\nwe obtain a weaker `in probability' version of the result.\n" }, { "id": "2f4f9e70-09e9-4679-9ac0-ab7635e99dbc", "adv_source_id": "2f4f9e70-09e9-4679-9ac0-ab7635e99dbc", "source_id": "2f4f9e70-09e9-4679-9ac0-ab7635e99dbc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Asymptotic stability of ground states in 3D nonlinear Schroedinger\n equation including subcritical cases", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a class of nonlinear Schroedinger equation in three space\ndimensions with an attractive potential. The nonlinearity is local but rather\ngeneral encompassing for the first time both subcritical and supercritical (in\n$L^2$) nonlinearities. We study the asymptotic stability of the nonlinear bound\nstates, i.e. periodic in time localized in space solutions. Our result shows\nthat all solutions with small initial data, converge to a nonlinear bound\nstate. Therefore, the nonlinear bound states are asymptotically stable. The\nproof hinges on dispersive estimates that we obtain for the time dependent,\nHamiltonian, linearized dynamics around a careful chosen one parameter family\nof bound states that \"shadows\" the nonlinear evolution of the system. Due to\nthe generality of the methods we develop we expect them to extend to the case\nof perturbations of large bound states and to other nonlinear dispersive wave\ntype equations.\n" }, { "id": "ace44f00-6104-48b8-b329-025976ab884a", "adv_source_id": "ace44f00-6104-48b8-b329-025976ab884a", "source_id": "ace44f00-6104-48b8-b329-025976ab884a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The concept of quasi-integrability: a concrete example", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use the deformed sine-Gordon models recently presented by Bazeia et al to\ndiscuss possible definitions of quasi-integrability. We present one such\ndefinition and use it to calculate an infinite number of quasi-conserved\nquantities through a modification of the usual techniques of integrable field\ntheories. Performing an expansion around the sine-Gordon theory we are able to\nevaluate the charges and the anomalies of their conservation laws in a\nperturbative power series in a small parameter which describes the \"closeness\"\nto the integrable sine-Gordon model. Our results indicate that in the case of\nthe two-soliton scattering the charges are conserved asymptotically, i.e. their\nvalues are the same in the distant past and future, when the solitons are well\nseparated. We back up our results with numerical simulations which also\ndemonstrate the existence of long lived breather-like and wobble-like states in\nthese models.\n" }, { "id": "0c1bffb7-e582-4f10-9980-f69c92d297c8", "adv_source_id": "0c1bffb7-e582-4f10-9980-f69c92d297c8", "source_id": "0c1bffb7-e582-4f10-9980-f69c92d297c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kinesin Is an Evolutionarily Fine-Tuned Molecular Ratchet-and-Pawl\n Device of Decisively Locked Direction", "prompt": null, "generation": " Conventional kinesin is a dimeric motor protein that transports membranous\norganelles toward the plus-end of microtubules (MTs). Individual kinesin dimers\nshow steadfast directionality and hundreds of consecutive steps, yetthe\ndetailed physical mechanism remains unclear. Here we compute free energies for\nthe entire dimer-MT system for all possible interacting configurations by\ntaking full account of molecular details. Employing merely first principles and\nseveral measured binding and barrier energies, the system-level analysis\nreveals insurmountable energy gaps between configurations, asymmetric ground\nstate caused by mechanically lifted configurational degeneracy, and forbidden\ntransitions ensuring coordination between both motor domains for alternating\ncatalysis. This wealth of physical effects converts a kinesin dimer into a\nmolecular ratchet-and-pawl device, which determinedly locks the dimer's\nmovement into the MT plus-end and ensures consecutive steps in hand-over-hand\ngait.Under a certain range of extreme loads, however, the ratchet-and-pawl\ndevice becomes defective but not entirely abolished to allow consecutive\nback-steps. This study yielded quantitative evidence that kinesin's multiple\nmolecular properties have been evolutionarily adapted to fine-tune the\nratchet-and-pawl device so as to ensure the motor's distinguished performance.\n" }, { "id": "18e24749-dc17-46a9-9e25-bd342664287d", "adv_source_id": "18e24749-dc17-46a9-9e25-bd342664287d", "source_id": "18e24749-dc17-46a9-9e25-bd342664287d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cantor series constructions of sets of normal numbers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $Q=(q_n)_{n=1}^{\\infty}$ be a sequence of integers greater than or equal\nto 2. We say that a real number $x$ in $[0,1)$ is {\\it $Q$-distribution normal}\nif the sequence $(q_1q_2... q_n x)_{n=1}^{\\infty}$ is uniformly distributed mod\n1. In \\cite{Lafer}, P. Lafer asked for a construction of a $Q$-distribution\nnormal number for an arbitrary $Q$. Under a mild condition on $Q$, we construct\na set $\\Theta_Q$ of $Q$-distribution normal numbers. This set is perfect and\nnowhere dense. Additionally, given any $\\alpha$ in $[0,1]$, we provide an\nexplicit example of a sequence $Q$ such that the Hausdorff dimension of\n$\\Theta_Q$ is equal to $\\alpha$. Under a certain growth condition on $q_n$, we\nprovide a discrepancy estimate that holds for every $x$ in $\\Theta_Q$.\n" }, { "id": "ae5d0842-3b8a-46a6-9aa0-8ed7ea42df9a", "adv_source_id": "ae5d0842-3b8a-46a6-9aa0-8ed7ea42df9a", "source_id": "ae5d0842-3b8a-46a6-9aa0-8ed7ea42df9a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Deforming the D1D5 CFT away from the orbifold point", "prompt": null, "generation": " The D1D5 brane bound state is believed to have an `orbifold point' in its\nmoduli space which is the analogue of the free Yang Mills theory for the D3\nbrane bound state. The supergravity geometry generated by D1 and D5 branes is\ndescribed by a different point in moduli space, and in moving towards this\npoint we have to deform the CFT by a marginal operator: the `twist' which links\ntogether two copies of the CFT. In this paper we find the effect of this\ndeformation operator on the simplest physical state of the CFT -- the Ramond\nvacuum. The twist deformation leads to a final state that is populated by pairs\nof excitations like those in a squeezed state. We find the coefficients\ncharacterizing the distribution of these particle pairs (for both bosons and\nfermions) and thus write this final state in closed form.\n" }, { "id": "d04335a1-4a35-4510-a5f7-008654e3ea86", "adv_source_id": "d04335a1-4a35-4510-a5f7-008654e3ea86", "source_id": "d04335a1-4a35-4510-a5f7-008654e3ea86", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Estimators for the exponent and upper limit, and goodness-of-fit tests\n for (truncated) power-law distributions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Many objects studied in astronomy follow a power law distribution function,\nfor example the masses of stars or star clusters. A still used method by which\nsuch data is analysed is to generate a histogram and fit a straight line to it.\nThe parameters obtained in this way can be severely biased, and the properties\nof the underlying distribution function, such as its shape or a possible upper\nlimit, are difficult to extract. In this work we review techniques available in\nthe literature and present newly developed (effectively) bias-free estimators\nfor the exponent and the upper limit. The software packages are made available\nas downloads. Furthermore we discuss various graphical representations of the\ndata and powerful goodness-of-fit tests to assess the validity of a power law\nfor describing the distribution of data. As an example, we apply the presented\nmethods to the data set of massive stars in R136 and the young star clusters in\nthe Large Magellanic Cloud. (abridged)\n" }, { "id": "c1c7be1e-1a6b-4102-a23b-1e0be8f2b822", "adv_source_id": "c1c7be1e-1a6b-4102-a23b-1e0be8f2b822", "source_id": "c1c7be1e-1a6b-4102-a23b-1e0be8f2b822", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dependencies of User Mobility in Wireless\n Mobile Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Realistic mobility models are fundamental to evaluate the performance of\nprotocols in mobile ad hoc networks. Unfortunately, there are no mobility\nmodels that capture the non-homogeneous behaviors in both space and time\ncommonly found in reality, while at the same time being easy to use and\nanalyze. Motivated by this, we propose a time-variant community mobility model,\nreferred to as the TVC model, which realistically captures spatial and temporal\ncorrelations. We devise the communities that lead to skewed location visiting\npreferences, and time periods that allow us to model time dependent behaviors\nand periodic re-appearances of nodes at specific locations.\n To demonstrate the power and flexibility of the TVC model, we use it to\ngenerate synthetic traces that match the characteristics of a number of\nqualitatively different mobility traces, including wireless LAN traces,\nvehicular mobility traces, and human encounter traces. More importantly, we\nshow that, despite the high level of realism achieved, our TVC model is still\ntheoretically tractable. To establish this, we derive a number of important\nquantities related to protocol performance, such as the average node degree,\nthe hitting time, and the meeting time, and provide examples of how to utilize\nthis theory to guide design decisions in routing protocols.\n" }, { "id": "f4edb864-c128-4f91-a5d9-b08cbe31b33b", "adv_source_id": "f4edb864-c128-4f91-a5d9-b08cbe31b33b", "source_id": "f4edb864-c128-4f91-a5d9-b08cbe31b33b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Determination of intergalactic magnetic fields from gamma ray data", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report a measurement of intergalactic magnetic fields using combined data\nfrom Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes and Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope,\nbased on the spectral data alone. If blazars are assumed to produce both gamma\nrays and cosmic rays, the observed spectra are not sensitive to the intrinsic\nspectrum of the source, because, for a distant blazar, secondary photons\nproduced in line-of-sight cosmic-ray interactions dominate the signal. In this\ncase, we find 0.01 fG < B < 30 fG. If one excludes the cosmic-ray component,\nthe 0.01 fG lower limit remains, but the upper limit depends on the spectral\nproperties of the source. We present the allowed ranges for a variety of model\nparameters.\n" }, { "id": "092da2f7-d47b-4cc4-ac30-3f9ec1cd1a5f", "adv_source_id": "092da2f7-d47b-4cc4-ac30-3f9ec1cd1a5f", "source_id": "092da2f7-d47b-4cc4-ac30-3f9ec1cd1a5f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Incommensurate spin Luttinger liquid phase in a model for the\n spin-Peierls materials TiOBr and TiOCl", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present work we aim to characterize the lattice configurations and the\nmagnetic behavior in the incommensurate phase of spin-Peierls systems. This\nphase emerges when the magnetic exchange interaction is coupled to the\ndistortions of an underlying triangular lattice and has its experimental\nrealization in the quasi-one dimensional compound family TiOX (X = Cl, Br).\nWith a simple model of spin-1/2 chains inserted in a planar triangular geometry\nwhich couples them elastically, we are able to obtain the\nuniform-incommensurate and incommensurate-dimerized phase transitions seen in\nthese compounds. Moreover, we follow the evolution of the wave-vector of the\ndistortions with temperature inside the incommensurate phase. Finally, we\npredict gapless spin excitations for the intermediate phase of TiOX compounds\nalong with incommensurate spin-spin correlations. This exotic Luttinger\nliquid-like behavior could be observed in future experiments.\n" }, { "id": "b9cb6123-dc55-40ce-8fca-fd56e079dc16", "adv_source_id": "b9cb6123-dc55-40ce-8fca-fd56e079dc16", "source_id": "b9cb6123-dc55-40ce-8fca-fd56e079dc16", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ascorbic acid enhances the inhibitory effect of aspirin on neuronal\n cyclooxygenase-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 production", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present study, we show that ascorbic acid dose-dependently inhibited\ninterleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-mediated PGE2 synthesis in the human neuronal cell\nline, SK-N-SH. Furthermore, in combination with aspirin, ascorbic acid\naugmented the inhibitory effect of aspirin on PGE2 synthesis. However, ascorbic\nacid had no synergistic effect along with other COX inhibitors (SC-58125 and\nindomethacin). The inhibition of IL-1beta-mediated PGE2 synthesis by ascorbic\nacid was not due to the inhibition of the expression of COX-2 or microsomal\nprostaglandin E synthase (mPGES-1). Rather, ascorbic acid dose-dependently\n(0.1-100 microM) produced a significant reduction in IL-1beta-mediated\nproduction of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha), a reliable\nindicator of free radical formation, suggesting that the effects of ascorbic\nacid on COX-2-mediated PGE2 biosynthesis may be the result of the maintenance\nof the neuronal redox status since COX activity is known to be enhanced by\noxidative stress. Our results provide in vitro evidence that the\nneuroprotective effects of ascorbic acid may depend, at least in part, on its\nability to reduce neuronal COX-2 activity and PGE2 synthesis, owing to its\nantioxidant properties. Further, these experiments suggest that a combination\nof aspirin with ascorbic acid constitutes a novel approach to render COX-2 more\nsensitive to inhibition by aspirin, allowing an anti-inflammatory therapy with\nlower doses of aspirin, thereby avoiding the side effects of the usually high\ndose aspirin treatment.\n" }, { "id": "65e1cf26-a70a-438a-86b1-4c8c6fd4a3e2", "adv_source_id": "65e1cf26-a70a-438a-86b1-4c8c6fd4a3e2", "source_id": "65e1cf26-a70a-438a-86b1-4c8c6fd4a3e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermal Emission from Transiting Very-Hot Jupiters: Prospects for\n Ground-based Detection at Optical Wavelengths", "prompt": null, "generation": " Very hot Jupiters (VHJs) are defined as Jupiter-mass extrasolar planets with\norbital periods shorter than three days. For low albedos the effective\ntemperatures of irradiated VHJs can reach 2500-3000 K. Thermal emission from\nVHJs is therefore potentially strong at optical wavelengths. We explore the\nprospects of detecting optical-wavelength thermal emission during secondary\neclipse with existing ground-based telescopes. We show that OGLE-TR-56b and\nOGLE-TR-132b are the best suited candidates for detection, and that the\nprospects are highest around z'-band (~0.9 microns). We also speculate that any\nnewly discovered VHJs with the right combination of orbital separation and host\nstar parameters could be thermally detected in the optical. The lack of\ndetections would still provide constraints on the planetary albedos and\nre-radiation factors.\n" }, { "id": "345d1384-0f6c-458f-a211-383841d2e045", "adv_source_id": "345d1384-0f6c-458f-a211-383841d2e045", "source_id": "345d1384-0f6c-458f-a211-383841d2e045", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interpreting the Variability of Double-Peaked Emission Lines in Active\n Galactic Nuclei with Stochastically Perturbed Accretion Disk Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " In an effort to explain the short-timescale variability of the broad,\ndouble-peaked profiles of some active galactic nuclei, we constructed\nstochastically perturbed accretion disk models and calculated H alpha line\nprofile series as the bright spots rotate, shear and decay. We determined the\ndependence of the properties of the line profile variability on the spot\nproperties. We compared the variability of the line profile from the models to\nthe observed variability of the H alpha line of Arp 102B and 3C 390.3. We find\nthat spots need to be concentrated in the outer parts of the line emitting\nregion to reproduce the observed variability properties for Arp 102B. This\nrules out spot production by star/disk collisions and favors a scenario where\nthe radius of marginal self-gravity is within the line emitting region,\ncreating a sharp increase in the radial spot distribution in the outer parts.\nIn the case of 3C 390.3, all the families of models that we tested can\nreproduce the observed variability for a suitable choice of model parameters.\n" }, { "id": "7b66b7ef-4f6c-4172-ab38-820b29215d4d", "adv_source_id": "7b66b7ef-4f6c-4172-ab38-820b29215d4d", "source_id": "7b66b7ef-4f6c-4172-ab38-820b29215d4d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "What's in an Attribute? Consequences for the Least Common Subsumer", "prompt": null, "generation": " Functional relationships between objects, called `attributes', are of\nconsiderable importance in knowledge representation languages, including\nDescription Logics (DLs). A study of the literature indicates that papers have\nmade, often implicitly, different assumptions about the nature of attributes:\nwhether they are always required to have a value, or whether they can be\npartial functions. The work presented here is the first explicit study of this\ndifference for subclasses of the CLASSIC DL, involving the same-as concept\nconstructor. It is shown that although determining subsumption between concept\ndescriptions has the same complexity (though requiring different algorithms),\nthe story is different in the case of determining the least common subsumer\n(lcs). For attributes interpreted as partial functions, the lcs exists and can\nbe computed relatively easily; even in this case our results correct and extend\nthree previous papers about the lcs of DLs. In the case where attributes must\nhave a value, the lcs may not exist, and even if it exists it may be of\nexponential size. Interestingly, it is possible to decide in polynomial time if\nthe lcs exists.\n" }, { "id": "cfffe2ae-d904-4e93-83a4-87839f9c6635", "adv_source_id": "cfffe2ae-d904-4e93-83a4-87839f9c6635", "source_id": "cfffe2ae-d904-4e93-83a4-87839f9c6635", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spreading speeds for some reaction-diffusion equations with general\n initial conditions", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is devoted to the study of some qualitative and quantitative\naspects of nonlinear propagation phenomena in diffusive media. More precisely,\nwe consider the case a reaction-diffusion equation in a periodic medium with\nignition-type nonlinearity, the heterogeneity being on the nonlinearity, the\noperator and the domain. Contrary to previous works, we study the asymptotic\nspreading properties of the solutions of the Cauchy problem with general\ninitial conditions which satisfy very mild assumptions at infinity. We\nintroduce several concepts generalizing the notion of spreading speed and we\ngive a complete characterization of it when the initial condition is\nasymptotically oscillatory at infinity. Furthermore we construct, even in the\nhomogeneous one-dimensional case, a class of initial conditions for which\nhighly nontrivial dynamics can be exhibited.\n" }, { "id": "1ff5e4c5-a196-427b-8b13-b5bf505d24c2", "adv_source_id": "1ff5e4c5-a196-427b-8b13-b5bf505d24c2", "source_id": "1ff5e4c5-a196-427b-8b13-b5bf505d24c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spiral and Bar Instabilities Provoked by Dark Matter Satellites", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the secular dynamical evolution of an N-body model of M31 in the\npresence of a population of 100 dark matter satellites over 10 Gyr. The\nsatellite population has structural and kinematic characteristics modelled to\nfollow the predictions of Lambda-CDM cosmological simulations. Vertical disk\nheating is a small effect despite many interactions with the satellite\npopulation with only a 20% increase in vertical velocity dispersion sigma_z and\nthe disk scale height z_d at the equivalent solar radius R = 2.5R_d . However,\nthe stellar disk is noticeably flared after 10 Gyr with z_d nearly doubling at\nthe disk edge. Azimuthal disk heating is much larger with sigma_R and sigma_z\nboth increasing by 1.7x. However, in a control experiment without satellites\ndispersion increases by 1.5x suggesting that most of the effect is due to\nheating through scattering off of spiral structure excited by swing-amplified\nnoise. Surprisingly, direct impacts of satellites on the disk can excite spiral\nstructure with a significant amplitude and in some cases impacts close to the\ndisk center also induce the bar instability. The large number of dark matter\nsatellite impacts expected over a galaxy's lifetime may be a significant source\nof external perturbations for driving disk secular evolution.\n" }, { "id": "f60ddcc8-02ce-420a-b1fa-779f6ce84936", "adv_source_id": "f60ddcc8-02ce-420a-b1fa-779f6ce84936", "source_id": "f60ddcc8-02ce-420a-b1fa-779f6ce84936", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of nuclear recoils in liquid argon with monoenergetic neutrons", "prompt": null, "generation": " For the development of liquid argon dark matter detectors we assembled a\nsetup in the laboratory to scatter neutrons on a small liquid argon target. The\nneutrons are produced mono-energetically (E_kin=2.45 MeV) by nuclear fusion in\na deuterium plasma and are collimated onto a 3\" liquid argon cell operating in\nsingle-phase mode (zero electric field). Organic liquid scintillators are used\nto tag scattered neutrons and to provide a time-of-flight measurement. The\nsetup is designed to study light pulse shapes and scintillation yields from\nnuclear and electronic recoils as well as from {\\alpha}-particles at working\npoints relevant to dark matter searches. Liquid argon offers the possibility to\nscrutinise scintillation yields in noble liquids with respect to the\npopulations of the two fundamental excimer states. Here we present experimental\nmethods and first results from recent data towards such studies.\n" }, { "id": "d2e58304-7be9-4637-bdf6-3cbd9c9ea0cb", "adv_source_id": "d2e58304-7be9-4637-bdf6-3cbd9c9ea0cb", "source_id": "d2e58304-7be9-4637-bdf6-3cbd9c9ea0cb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Temperature dependence of spin depolarization of drifting electrons in\n n-type GaAs bulks", "prompt": null, "generation": " The influence of temperature and transport conditions on the electron spin\nrelaxation in lightly doped n-type GaAs semiconductors is investigated. A Monte\nCarlo approach is used to simulate electron transport, including the evolution\nof spin polarization and relaxation, by taking into account intravalley and\nintervalley scattering phenomena of the hot electrons in the medium. Spin\nrelaxation lengths and times are computed through the D'yakonov-Perel process,\nwhich is the more relevant spin relaxation mechanism in the regime of interest\n(10 < T < 300 K). The decay of the initial spin polarization of the conduction\nelectrons is calculated as a function of the distance in the presence of a\nstatic electric field varying in the range 0.1 - 2 kV/cm. We find that the\nelectron spin depolarization lengths and times have a nonmonotonic dependence\non both the lattice temperature and the electric field amplitude.\n" }, { "id": "ec69027e-a65e-4893-a3ff-31e70f0435c6", "adv_source_id": "ec69027e-a65e-4893-a3ff-31e70f0435c6", "source_id": "ec69027e-a65e-4893-a3ff-31e70f0435c6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A sharp look at the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J0806+2006 with\n Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the first VLT near-IR observations of a gravitationally lensed\nquasar, using adaptive optics and laser guide star. These observations can be\nconsidered as a test bench for future systematic observations of lensed quasars\nwith adaptive optics, even when bright natural guide stars are not available in\nthe nearby field. With only 14 minutes of observing time, we derived very\naccurate astrometry of the quasar images and of the lensing galaxy, with 0.05\n\\arcsec spatial resolution, comparable to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In\ncombination with deep VLT optical spectra of the quasar images, we use our\nadaptive optics images to constrain simple models for the mass distribution of\nthe lensing galaxy. The latter is almost circular and does not need any strong\nexternal shear to fit the data. The time delay predicted for SDSS0806+2006,\nassuming a singular isothermal ellipsoid model and the concordance cosmology,\nis Delta t \\simeq 50 days. Our optical spectra indicate a flux ratio between\nthe quasar images of A/B=1.3 in the continuum and A/B=2.2 in both the MgII and\nin the CIII] broad emission lines. This suggests that microlensing affects the\ncontinuum emission. However, the constant ratio between the two emission lines\nindicates that the broad emission line region is not microlensed. Finally, we\nsee no evidence of reddening by dust in the lensing galaxy.\n" }, { "id": "e453e343-3805-46da-8e0d-e6f9884e574f", "adv_source_id": "e453e343-3805-46da-8e0d-e6f9884e574f", "source_id": "e453e343-3805-46da-8e0d-e6f9884e574f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On low-dimensional manifolds with isometric $\\mathrm{SO}_0(p,q)$-actions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $G$ be a non-compact simple Lie group with Lie algebra $\\mathfrak{g}$.\nDenote with $m(\\mathfrak{g})$ the dimension of the smallest non-trivial\n$\\mathfrak{g}$-module with an invariant non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form.\nFor an irreducible finite volume pseudo-Riemannian analytic manifold $M$ it is\nobserved that $\\dim(M) \\geq \\dim(G) + m(\\mathfrak{g})$ when $M$ admits an\nisometric $G$-action with a dense orbit. The Main Theorem considers the case $G\n= \\widetilde{\\mathrm{SO}}_0(p,q)$ providing an explicit description of $M$ when\nthe bound is achieved. In such case, $M$ is (up to a finite covering) the\nquotient by a lattice of either $\\widetilde{\\mathrm{SO}}_0(p+1,q)$ or\n$\\widetilde{\\mathrm{SO}}_0(p,q+1)$.\n" }, { "id": "870be9f5-f416-4a42-a9e6-58502b5b9946", "adv_source_id": "870be9f5-f416-4a42-a9e6-58502b5b9946", "source_id": "870be9f5-f416-4a42-a9e6-58502b5b9946", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Variational characterizations of the total scalar curvature and\n eigenvalues of the Laplacian", "prompt": null, "generation": " For the dual operator $s_g'^*$ of the linearization $s_g'$ of the scalar\ncurvature function, it is well-known that if $\\ker s_g'^*\\neq 0$, then $s_g$ is\na non-negative constant. In particular, if the Ricci curvature is not flat,\nthen $ {s_g}/(n-1)$ is an eigenvalue of the Laplacian of the metric $g$. In\nthis work, some variational characterizations were performed for the space\n$\\ker s_g'^*$. To accomplish this task, we introduce a fourth-order elliptic\ndifferential operator $\\mathcal A$ and a related geometric invariant $\\nu$. We\nprove that $\\nu$ vanishes if and only if $\\ker s_g'^* \\ne 0$, and if the first\neigenvalue of the Laplace operator is large compared to its scalar curvature,\nthen $\\nu$ is positive and $\\ker s_g'^*= 0$. Furthermore, we calculated the\nlower bound on $\\nu$ in the case of $\\ker s_g'^* = 0$. We also show that if\nthere exists a function which is $\\mathcal A$-superharmonic and the Ricci\ncurvature has a lower bound, then the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplace\noperator has an upper bound.\n" }, { "id": "b5014a68-b5da-4e2c-93e2-af166a58a2df", "adv_source_id": "b5014a68-b5da-4e2c-93e2-af166a58a2df", "source_id": "b5014a68-b5da-4e2c-93e2-af166a58a2df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the biases affecting water ages inferred from isotopic data", "prompt": null, "generation": " Groundwater age has become a fundamental concept in groundwater hydrology,\nbut ages originating from isotopic analyses are still identified with a lack of\nclarity and using models that occasionally are unrealistic. If the effect of\nadvection and dispersion on water ages has already been extensively identified,\nvery few studies address the reliability of using radiometric ages as derived\nfrom isotopic data to estimate aquifer properties such as average velocities.\nUsing simple one-dimensional and two-dimensional analytical solutions for\nsingle-site and two-sites mobile-immobile systems, we compare the radiometric\nages to the mean ages (or residence times) as deduced from a direct,\nphysically-based simulation approach (using the mean age equation), and show\nthat the competition between isotope decay rate and dispersion coefficient can\ngenerate important discrepancies between the two types of ages. A correction\nfor the average apparent velocity originating from apparent isotopic ages is\nadditionally provided. The particular case of the Tritium age dating method is\nalso addressed, and a numerical example is finally given for illustrating the\nanalysis considering a more complex and heterogeneous aquifer system. Our\nresults suggest that age definitions based on the radioactivity of isotopes may\nnot be representative for the mean age of the sample or for the groundwater\nvelocity at given locations, and may not always be suitable for constraining\nthe calibration of hydrogeological models.\n" }, { "id": "1737bed2-21ec-4a23-b238-6dd3506c07ab", "adv_source_id": "1737bed2-21ec-4a23-b238-6dd3506c07ab", "source_id": "1737bed2-21ec-4a23-b238-6dd3506c07ab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic field-induced instability of the cooperative paramagnetic state\n in Zn$_x$Co$_{4-x}$(OD)$_6$Cl$_2$", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques with and without\napplication of an external magnetic field $H$, the magnetic ground states of\nZn$_x$Co$_{4-x}$(OD)$_6$Cl$_2$ ($x=0,1$) were studied. Our results show that\nfor $x=0$, the ground state is a magnetic long-range ordered (LRO) state where\neach tetrahedron forms an \"umbrella\"-type structure. On the other hand, for\n$x=1$, no static ordering was observed down to 1.5 K, which resembles the\nbehavior found in the isostructural quantum system\nZn$_x$Cu$_{4-x}$(OD)$_6$Cl$_2$. When $H$ field is applied, however the $x=1$\nsystem develops the same LRO state as $x=0$. This indicates that the $x=1$\ndisordered state is in the vicinity of the $x=0$ ordered state.\n" }, { "id": "b68b5d3d-7e54-46e7-93d0-d5e93cc0e9fb", "adv_source_id": "b68b5d3d-7e54-46e7-93d0-d5e93cc0e9fb", "source_id": "b68b5d3d-7e54-46e7-93d0-d5e93cc0e9fb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anti de Sitter black holes and branes in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity:\n perturbations, stability and the hydrodynamic modes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Dynamical Chern-Simons (DCS) theory is an extension of General Relativity in\nwhich the gravitational field is coupled to a scalar field through a parity\nviolating term. We study perturbations of anti-de Sitter black holes and branes\nin such a theory, and show that the relevant equations reduce to a set of\ncoupled ODEs which can be solved efficiently through a series expansion. We\nprove numerically that black holes and branes in DCS gravity are stable against\ngravitational and scalar perturbations in the entire parameter space.\nFurthermore, by applying the AdS/CFT duality, we relate black hole\nperturbations to hydrodynamic quantities in the dual field theory, which is a\n(2+1)-dimensional isotropic fluid with broken spatial parity. The Chern-Simons\nterm does not affect the entropy to viscosity ratio and the relaxation time,\nbut instead quantities that enter the shear mode at order q^4 in the small\nmomentum limit, for example the Hall viscosity and other quantities related to\nsecond and third order hydrodynamics. We provide explicit corrections to the\ngravitational hydrodynamic mode to first relevant order in the couplings.\n" }, { "id": "30200b11-8763-4058-be86-20c436d1808c", "adv_source_id": "30200b11-8763-4058-be86-20c436d1808c", "source_id": "30200b11-8763-4058-be86-20c436d1808c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New systematics in charmless strange $B^+ \\to VP$ decays", "prompt": null, "generation": " Latest data on charmless strange vector-pseudoscalar $B^+$ decays now\nincluding $B^+\\to \\rho^+ K^o$ confirm a simple penguin model in which the gluon\n$G$ in an initial $\\bar s u G$ state fragments equally into $u \\bar u$, $d \\bar\nd$ and $s \\bar s$ and all form factors are equal. A search for possible\nadditional contributions shows only a few signals not obscured by experimental\nerrors whose implications are discussed. The experimental value of $0.25 \\pm\n0.11$ for the ratio of the branching ratios $BR(B^+ \\to K^{*+}\\eta)$ to\n$BR(B^+\\to K^{*+}\\eta')$ confirms the parity selection rule prediction 0.32.\nLarge violations arise in a new sum rule for the sum of these branching ratios,\nanalogous to the similar pseudoscalar sum rule including $K^+\\eta$ and\n$K^+\\eta'$. Indications for either an electroweak penguin contribution or\nadditional admixtures like instrinsic charm in the $\\eta-\\eta'$ system remain\nto be clarified. An alternative symmetry description with new predictive power\nclarifies the simple penguin approximation and presents new predictions which\ncan be tested experimentally. The fragmentation of the $\\bar s u G$ state into\ntwo mesons is described by a strong interaction S-matrix dominated by nonexotic\nhadron resonances in multiparticle intermediate states.\n" }, { "id": "9cb7ac99-f510-4338-9636-57aa99b91660", "adv_source_id": "9cb7ac99-f510-4338-9636-57aa99b91660", "source_id": "9cb7ac99-f510-4338-9636-57aa99b91660", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The type Ib supernova 2010O: an explosion in a Wolf-Rayet X-ray binary?", "prompt": null, "generation": " The type Ib supernova 2010O was recently discovered in the interacting\nstarburst galaxy Arp 299. We present an analysis of two archival Chandra X-ray\nobservations of Arp 299, taken before the explosion and show that there is a\ntransient X-ray source at a position consistent with the supernova. Due to the\ndiffuse emission, the background is difficult to estimate. We estimate the flux\nof the transient from the difference of the two X-ray images and conclude that\nthe transient can be described by a 0.225 keV black body with a luminosity of\n2.5+/-0.7 10^{39} erg/s for a distance of 41 Mpc. These properties put the\ntransient in between the Galactic black hole binary XTE J1550-564 and the\nultra-luminous X-ray binaries NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2. The high level of X-ray\nvariability associated with the active starburst makes it impossible to rule\nout a chance alignment. If the source is associated with the supernova, it\nsuggests SN2010O is the explosion of the second star in a Wolf-Rayet X-ray\nbinary, such as Cyg X-3, IC 10 X-1 and NGC 300 X-1.\n" }, { "id": "f65a6ba0-acd5-4311-9ba0-414e62821f57", "adv_source_id": "f65a6ba0-acd5-4311-9ba0-414e62821f57", "source_id": "f65a6ba0-acd5-4311-9ba0-414e62821f57", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Arrangements of Pseudohyperplanes", "prompt": null, "generation": " To every realizable oriented matroid there corresponds an arrangement of real\nhyperplanes. The homeomorphism type of the complexified complement of such an\narrangement is completely determined by the oriented matroid. In this paper we\nstudy arrangements of pseudohyperplanes; they correspond to non-realizable\noriented matroids. These arrangements arise as a consequence of the\nFolkman-Lawrence topological representation theorem. We propose a\ngeneralization of the complexification process in this context. In particular\nwe construct a space naturally associated with these pseudo-arrangements which\nis homeomorphic to the complexified complement in the realizable case. Further\nwe generalize the classical theorem of Salvetti and show that this space has\nthe homotopy type of a cell complex defined in terms of the oriented matroid.\n" }, { "id": "2a96b836-eb50-4333-a025-8c41b04d90fc", "adv_source_id": "2a96b836-eb50-4333-a025-8c41b04d90fc", "source_id": "2a96b836-eb50-4333-a025-8c41b04d90fc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimization with Demand Oracles", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study \\emph{combinatorial procurement auctions}, where a buyer with a\nvaluation function $v$ and budget $B$ wishes to buy a set of items. Each item\n$i$ has a cost $c_i$ and the buyer is interested in a set $S$ that maximizes\n$v(S)$ subject to $\\Sigma_{i\\in S}c_i\\leq B$. Special cases of combinatorial\nprocurement auctions are classical problems from submodular optimization. In\nparticular, when the costs are all equal (\\emph{cardinality constraint}), a\nclassic result by Nemhauser et al shows that the greedy algorithm provides an\n$\\frac e {e-1}$ approximation.\n Motivated by many papers that utilize demand queries to elicit the\npreferences of agents in economic settings, we develop algorithms that\nguarantee improved approximation ratios in the presence of demand oracles. We\nare able to break the $\\frac e {e-1}$ barrier: we present algorithms that use\nonly polynomially many demand queries and have approximation ratios of $\\frac 9\n8+\\epsilon$ for the general problem and $\\frac 9 8$ for maximization subject to\na cardinality constraint.\n We also consider the more general class of subadditive valuations. We present\nalgorithms that obtain an approximation ratio of $2+\\epsilon$ for the general\nproblem and 2 for maximization subject to a cardinality constraint. We\nguarantee these approximation ratios even when the valuations are non-monotone.\nWe show that these ratios are essentially optimal, in the sense that for any\nconstant $\\epsilon>0$, obtaining an approximation ratio of $2-\\epsilon$\nrequires exponentially many demand queries.\n" }, { "id": "8359c70a-8cf2-40ce-9aca-6e703fdad331", "adv_source_id": "8359c70a-8cf2-40ce-9aca-6e703fdad331", "source_id": "8359c70a-8cf2-40ce-9aca-6e703fdad331", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new luminosity relation for gamma-ray bursts and its implication", "prompt": null, "generation": " Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous astrophysical events observed\nso far. They are conventionally classified into long and short ones depending\non their time duration, $T_{90}$. Because of the advantage their high redshifts\noffer, many efforts have been made to apply GRBs to cosmology. The key to this\nis to find correlations between some measurable properties of GRBs and the\nenergy or the luminosity of GRBs. These correlations are usually referred to as\nluminosity relations and are helpful in understanding the GRBs themselves. In\nthis paper, we explored such correlations in the X-ray emission of GRBs. The\nX-ray emission of GRBs observed by \\emph{Swift} has the exponential functional\nform in the prompt phase and relaxes to a power-law decay at time $T_p$. We\nhave assumed a linear relation between $\\log L_{X, p}$ (with $L_{X, p}$ being\nthe X-ray luminosity at $T_p$) and $\\log [T_p/(1+z)]$, but there is some\nevidence for curvature in the data and the true relationship between $L_{X, p}$\nand $T_p/(1+z)$ may be a broken power law. The limited GRB sample used in our\nanalysis is still not sufficient for us to conclude whether the break is real\nor just an illusion caused by outliers. We considered both cases in our\nanalysis and discussed the implications of the luminosity relation, especially\non the time duration of GRBs and their classification.\n" }, { "id": "9d090889-b9c8-4ab1-bfd7-983e8d0d3cba", "adv_source_id": "9d090889-b9c8-4ab1-bfd7-983e8d0d3cba", "source_id": "9d090889-b9c8-4ab1-bfd7-983e8d0d3cba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Higgs boson production at the LHC: transverse-momentum resummation and\n rapidity dependence", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider Higgs boson production by gluon fusion in hadron collisions. We\nstudy the doubly-differential transverse-momentum (q_T) and rapidity (y)\ndistribution of the Higgs boson in perturbative QCD. In the region of small q_T\n(q_T << M_H, M_H being the mass of the Higgs boson), we include the effect of\nlogarithmically-enhanced contributions due to multiparton radiation to all\nperturbative orders. We use the impact parameter and double Mellin moments to\nimplement and factorize the multiparton kinematics constraint of transverse-\nand longitudinal-momentum conservation. The logarithmic terms are then\nsystematically resummed in exponential form. At small q_T, we perform the\nall-order resummation of large logarithms up to next-to-next-to-leading\nlogarithmic accuracy, while at large q_T (q_T ~ M_H), we apply a matching\nprocedure that recovers the fixed-order perturbation theory up to\nnext-to-leading order. We present quantitative results for the differential\ncross section in q_T and y at the LHC, and we comment on the comparison with\nthe q_T cross section integrated over y.\n" }, { "id": "d130ae89-5f3a-49da-b0da-e2e7061adbe0", "adv_source_id": "d130ae89-5f3a-49da-b0da-e2e7061adbe0", "source_id": "d130ae89-5f3a-49da-b0da-e2e7061adbe0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Crossover from commensurate to incommensurate antiferromagnetism in\n stoichiometric NaFeAs revealed by single-crystal 23Na,75As-NMR experiments", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report results of 23Na and 75As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)\nexperiments on a self-flux grown high-quality single crystal of stoichiometric\nNaFeAs. The NMR spectra revealed a tetragonal to twinned-orthorhombic\nstructural phase transition at T_O = 57 K and an antiferromagnetic (AF)\ntransition at T_AF = 45 K. The divergent behavior of nuclear relaxation rate\nnear T_AF shows significant anisotropy, indicating that the critical slowing\ndown of stripe-type AF fluctuations are strongly anisotropic in spin space. The\nNMR spectra at low enough temperatures consist of sharp peaks showing a\ncommensurate stripe AF order with a small moment \\sim 0.3 muB. However, the\nspectra just below T_AF exhibits highly asymmetric broadening pointing to an\nincommensurate modulation. The commensurate-incommensurate crossover in NaFeAs\nshows a certain similarity to the behavior of SrFe2As2 under high pressure.\n" }, { "id": "2e137b94-bb51-4cab-b46e-56441d7ed1ee", "adv_source_id": "2e137b94-bb51-4cab-b46e-56441d7ed1ee", "source_id": "2e137b94-bb51-4cab-b46e-56441d7ed1ee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New Fe II energy levels from stellar spectra", "prompt": null, "generation": " The spectra of B-type and early A-type stars show mumerous unidentified lines\nin the whole optical range, especially in the 5100-5400 A interval. Because Fe\nII transitions to high energy levels should be observed in this region, we used\nsemiempirical predicted wavelengths and gf-values of Fe II to identify unknown\nlines. Semiempirical line data for Fe II computed by Kurucz are used to\nsynthesize the spectrum of the slow-rotating, Fe-overabundant CP star HR 6000.\nWe determined a total of 109 new 4f levels for Fe II with energies ranging from\n122324 cm^-1 to 128110 cm^-1. They belong to the Fe II subconfigurations\n3d^6(^3P)4f (10 levels), 3d^6(^3H)4f (36 levels), 3d^6(^3F)4f (37 levels), and\n3d^6(^3G)4f (26 levels). We also found 14 even levels from 4d (3 levels), 5d (7\nlevels), and 6d (4 levels) configurations. The new levels have allowed us to\nidentify more than 50% of the previously unidentified lines of HR 6000 in the\nwavelength region 3800-8000 A. Tables listing the new energy levels are given\nin the paper; tables listing the spectral lines with log gf >/= -1.5 that are\ntransitions to the 4f energy levels are given in the Online Material. These new\nlevels produce 18000 lines throughout the spectrum from the ultraviolet to the\ninfrared.\n" }, { "id": "6ca91d17-c9a8-4c2d-8c17-ffce35292c6e", "adv_source_id": "6ca91d17-c9a8-4c2d-8c17-ffce35292c6e", "source_id": "6ca91d17-c9a8-4c2d-8c17-ffce35292c6e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gauge-invariant theory of two-pion photo- and electro-production off the\n nucleon", "prompt": null, "generation": " A field-theoretical description of the photoproduction of two pions off the\nnucleon is presented that applies to real as well as virtual photons in the\none-photon approximation. The Lorentz-covariant theory is complete at the level\nof all explicit Faddeev-type three-body final-state mechanisms of dressed\ninteracting hadrons, including those of the nonlinear Dyson-Schwinger type. All\nelectromagnetic currents are constructed to satisfy their respective\n(generalized) Ward-Takahashi identities and thus satisfy local gauge invariance\nas a matter of course. The Faddeev-type ordering structure results in a natural\nexpansion of the full two-pion photoproduction current $\\Mpp^\\mu$ in terms of\nmultiple loops that preserve gauge invariance order by order in the number of\nloops, which in turn lends itself naturally to practical applications of\nincreasing sophistication with increasing number of loops.\n" }, { "id": "c1fa2981-e67f-45ce-9369-13fa640102c9", "adv_source_id": "c1fa2981-e67f-45ce-9369-13fa640102c9", "source_id": "c1fa2981-e67f-45ce-9369-13fa640102c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A sieve M-theorem for bundled parameters in semiparametric models, with\n application to the efficient estimation in a linear model for censored data", "prompt": null, "generation": " In many semiparametric models that are parameterized by two types of\nparameters---a Euclidean parameter of interest and an infinite-dimensional\nnuisance parameter---the two parameters are bundled together, that is, the\nnuisance parameter is an unknown function that contains the parameter of\ninterest as part of its argument. For example, in a linear regression model for\ncensored survival data, the unspecified error distribution function involves\nthe regression coefficients. Motivated by developing an efficient estimating\nmethod for the regression parameters, we propose a general sieve M-theorem for\nbundled parameters and apply the theorem to deriving the asymptotic theory for\nthe sieve maximum likelihood estimation in the linear regression model for\ncensored survival data. The numerical implementation of the proposed estimating\nmethod can be achieved through the conventional gradient-based search\nalgorithms such as the Newton--Raphson algorithm. We show that the proposed\nestimator is consistent and asymptotically normal and achieves the\nsemiparametric efficiency bound. Simulation studies demonstrate that the\nproposed method performs well in practical settings and yields more efficient\nestimates than existing estimating equation based methods. Illustration with a\nreal data example is also provided.\n" }, { "id": "06e63b17-89b6-439b-aea8-ca6db5dd5e4f", "adv_source_id": "06e63b17-89b6-439b-aea8-ca6db5dd5e4f", "source_id": "06e63b17-89b6-439b-aea8-ca6db5dd5e4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reasoning about Actions with Temporal Answer Sets", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we combine Answer Set Programming (ASP) with Dynamic Linear\nTime Temporal Logic (DLTL) to define a temporal logic programming language for\nreasoning about complex actions and infinite computations. DLTL extends\npropositional temporal logic of linear time with regular programs of\npropositional dynamic logic, which are used for indexing temporal modalities.\nThe action language allows general DLTL formulas to be included in domain\ndescriptions to constrain the space of possible extensions. We introduce a\nnotion of Temporal Answer Set for domain descriptions, based on the usual\nnotion of Answer Set. Also, we provide a translation of domain descriptions\ninto standard ASP and we use Bounded Model Checking techniques for the\nverification of DLTL constraints.\n" }, { "id": "d570a169-f29a-4ba4-a13f-e447b5edf6cd", "adv_source_id": "d570a169-f29a-4ba4-a13f-e447b5edf6cd", "source_id": "d570a169-f29a-4ba4-a13f-e447b5edf6cd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effect of the cosmological constant on the bending of light and the\n cosmological lens equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We revisit the effect of cosmological constant $\\Lambda$ on the light\ndeflection and its role in the cosmological lens equation. First, we re-examine\nthe motion of photon in the Schwarzschild spacetime, and explicitly describe\nthe trajectory of photon and deflection angle $\\alpha$ up to the second-order\nin $G$. Then the discussion is extended to the contribution of the cosmological\nconstant $\\Lambda$ in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter or Kottler spacetime.\nContrary to the previous arguments, we emphasize the following points: (a) the\ncosmological constant $\\Lambda$ does appear in the orbital equation of light,\n(b) nevertheless the bending angle of light $\\alpha$ does not change its form\neven if $\\Lambda \\neq 0$ since the contribution of $\\Lambda$ is thoroughly\nabsorbed into the definition of the impact parameter, and (c) the effect of\n$\\Lambda$ is completely involved in the angular diameter distance $D_A$.\n" }, { "id": "bad7fdf2-76bd-4268-a766-63eda956e088", "adv_source_id": "bad7fdf2-76bd-4268-a766-63eda956e088", "source_id": "bad7fdf2-76bd-4268-a766-63eda956e088", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A retrial system with two input streams and two orbit queues", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two independent Poisson streams of jobs flow into a single-server service\nsystem having a limited common buffer that can hold at most one job. If a\ntype-i job (i=1,2) finds the server busy, it is blocked and routed to a\nseparate type-i retrial (orbit) queue that attempts to re-dispatch its jobs at\nits specific Poisson rate. This creates a system with three dependent queues.\nSuch a queueing system serves as a model for two competing job streams in a\ncarrier sensing multiple access system. We study the queueing system using\nmulti-dimensional probability generating functions, and derive its necessary\nand sufficient stability conditions while solving a boundary value problem.\nVarious performance measures are calculated and numerical results are\npresented.\n" }, { "id": "6e176a8b-163c-4503-bca2-debe95cd9b13", "adv_source_id": "6e176a8b-163c-4503-bca2-debe95cd9b13", "source_id": "6e176a8b-163c-4503-bca2-debe95cd9b13", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Drift-Diffusion-Reaction Model for Excitonic Photovoltaic Bilayers:\n Asymptotic Analysis and A 2-D HDG Finite-Element Scheme", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present and discuss a mathematical model for the operation of bilayer\norganic photovoltaic devices. Our model couples drift-diffusion-recombination\nequations for the charge carriers (specifically, electrons and holes) with a\nreaction-diffusion equation for the excitons/ polaron pairs and Poisson's\nequation for the self-consistent electrostatic potential. The material\ndifference (i.e. the HOMO/LUMO gap) of the two organic substrates forming the\nbilayer device are included as a work-function potential. Firstly, we perform\nan asymptotic analysis of the scaled one-dimensional stationary state system i)\nwith focus on the dynamics on the interface and ii) with the goal of\nsimplifying the bulk dynamics away for the interface. Secondly, we present a\ntwodimensional Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element numerical scheme\nwhich is very well suited to resolve i) the material changes ii) the resulting\nstrong variation over the interface and iii) the necessary upwinding in the\ndiscretization of drift-diffusion equations. Finally, we compare the numerical\nresults with the approximating asymptotics.\n" }, { "id": "3c284868-6b66-417a-9a5a-3b442e89bf3c", "adv_source_id": "3c284868-6b66-417a-9a5a-3b442e89bf3c", "source_id": "3c284868-6b66-417a-9a5a-3b442e89bf3c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Trade-off between Processing Gains of an Impulse Radio UWB System in\n the Presence of Timing Jitter", "prompt": null, "generation": " In time hopping impulse radio, $N_f$ pulses of duration $T_c$ are transmitted\nfor each information symbol. This gives rise to two types of processing gain:\n(i) pulse combining gain, which is a factor $N_f$, and (ii) pulse spreading\ngain, which is $N_c=T_f/T_c$, where $T_f$ is the mean interval between two\nsubsequent pulses. This paper investigates the trade-off between these two\ntypes of processing gain in the presence of timing jitter. First, an additive\nwhite Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and approximate closed form\nexpressions for bit error probability are derived for impulse radio systems\nwith and without pulse-based polarity randomization. Both symbol-synchronous\nand chip-synchronous scenarios are considered. The effects of multiple-access\ninterference and timing jitter on the selection of optimal system parameters\nare explained through theoretical analysis. Finally, a multipath scenario is\nconsidered and the trade-off between processing gains of a synchronous impulse\nradio system with pulse-based polarity randomization is analyzed. The effects\nof the timing jitter, multiple-access interference and inter-frame interference\nare investigated. Simulation studies support the theoretical results.\n" }, { "id": "15053e5e-0e69-4ccc-bec1-dcc003b1d754", "adv_source_id": "15053e5e-0e69-4ccc-bec1-dcc003b1d754", "source_id": "15053e5e-0e69-4ccc-bec1-dcc003b1d754", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of Y(5S) decays to B0 and B+ mesons", "prompt": null, "generation": " Decays of the Y(5S) resonance to channels with B^+ and B^0 mesons are studied\nusing a 23.6 fb^-1 data sample collected on the Y(5S) resonance with the Belle\ndetector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e^+ e^- collider. The fully\nreconstructed B^+ -> J/\\psi K^+, B^0 -> J/\\psi K^{*0}, B^+ -> bar_D^0 pi^+ and\nB^0 -> D^- pi^+ decays are used to obtain the B^+ and B^0 production rates per\nbb_bar event, f(B^+) = (67.5 \\pm 3.6 \\pm 4.8)% and f(B^0)=(70.4^{+5.2}_{-5.1}\n\\pm 6.2)%$. Assuming equal rates to B^+ and B^0 mesons in all channels produced\nat the Y(5S) energy, we measure the fractions for bb_bar event transitions to\nthe two-body and multi-body channels with B^{+/0} meson pairs, f(B\\bar{B}) =\n(5.1 \\pm 0.9 \\pm 0.4)%, f(B\\bar{B}^*+B^*\\bar{B}) = (12.6^{+1.2}_{-1.1} \\pm\n1.0)%, f(B^*\\bar{B}^*) = (34.5^{+1.9}_{-1.8} \\pm 2.7)%,\nf(B^{(*)}\\bar{B}^{(*)}\\pi(\\pi)) = (16.4^{+1.6}_{-1.5} \\pm 1.2)%, f(B\\bar{B}\n\\pi) = (0.0 \\pm 1.1 \\pm 0.2)%, f(B\\bar{B}^*\\pi+B^*\\bar{B}\\pi) =\n(6.8^{+2.1}_{-2.0} \\pm 0.7)%, and f(B^*\\bar{B}^*\\pi) = (1.0^{+1.3}_{-1.2} \\pm\n0.3)%.\n" }, { "id": "b61c7684-a6e4-48e8-b5bf-798dad727731", "adv_source_id": "b61c7684-a6e4-48e8-b5bf-798dad727731", "source_id": "b61c7684-a6e4-48e8-b5bf-798dad727731", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generic features of the phase transition in cold and dense quark matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the phase transition in cold and dense quark matter in an\nintuitive way that shares common features of the effective model approaches. We\nfirst express the quasi-particle contribution to the thermodynamic potential\nwith the dynamical mass M and then discuss how we can understand the possible\nfirst-order phase transition with and without the vector interaction from the\nsaturation curve on the plane of the energy per particle and the density. We\nnext extend our analysis including inhomogeneity and discuss the relation\nbetween the order of the phase transition and the saturation curve. We\nemphasize that the saturation curve is useful to infer qualitative nature of\nthe phase transition even without knowing the explicit solution of the ground\nstate.\n" }, { "id": "04003b23-924d-4d12-81f8-e275a988f144", "adv_source_id": "04003b23-924d-4d12-81f8-e275a988f144", "source_id": "04003b23-924d-4d12-81f8-e275a988f144", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Bragg regime of the two-particle Kapitza-Dirac effect", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the Bragg regime of the two-particle Kapitza-Dirac arrangement,\ncompleting the basic theory of this effect. We provide a detailed evaluation of\nthe detection probabilities for multi-mode states, showing that a complete\ndescription must include the interaction time in addition to the usual\ndimensionless parameter w. The arrangement can be used as a massive\ntwo-particle beam splitter. In this respect, we present a comparison with\nHong-Ou-Mandel-type experiments in quantum optics. The analysis reveals the\npresence of dips for massive bosons and a differentiated behavior of\ndistinguishable and identical particles in an unexplored scenario. We suggest\nthat the arrangement can provide the basis for symmetrization verification\nschemes.\n" }, { "id": "840b2e9a-0eb7-416b-bc3e-2486438907e8", "adv_source_id": "840b2e9a-0eb7-416b-bc3e-2486438907e8", "source_id": "840b2e9a-0eb7-416b-bc3e-2486438907e8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Bogoliubov inequality and the nature of Bose-Einstein condensates\n for interacting atoms in spatial dimensions $D \\le 2$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the restriction placed by the Bogoliubov inequality on the nature\nof the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) for interacting atoms in a spatial\ndimension D $-structures). An RNA\nstructure is called $k$-noncrossing if it has no more than $k-1$ mutually\ncrossing arcs and $\\tau$-canonical if each arc is contained in a stack of\nlength at least $\\tau$. Based on the ordinary generating function of\n$$-structures \\cite{Reidys:08ma} we derive the bivariate generating\nfunction ${\\bf T}_{k,\\tau}(x,u)=\\sum_{n \\geq 0} \\sum_{0\\leq t \\leq \\frac{n}{2}}\n{\\sf T}_{k, \\tau}^{} (n,t) u^t x^n$, where ${\\sf T}_{k,\\tau}(n,t)$ is the\nnumber of $$-structures having exactly $t$ stacks and study its\nsingularities. We show that for a certain parametrization of the variable $u$,\n${\\bf T}_{k,\\tau}(x,u)$ has a unique, dominant singularity. The particular\nshift of this singularity parametrized by $u$ implies a central limit theorem\nfor the distribution of stack-numbers. Our results are of importance for\nunderstanding the ``language'' of minimum-free energy RNA pseudoknot\nstructures, generated by computer folding algorithms.\n" }, { "id": "4f17c2b5-41d0-4a4f-95bb-dc6d0a9fa64a", "adv_source_id": "4f17c2b5-41d0-4a4f-95bb-dc6d0a9fa64a", "source_id": "4f17c2b5-41d0-4a4f-95bb-dc6d0a9fa64a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A phenomenological model for radiative corrections in exclusive\n semileptonic B-meson decays to (pseudo)scalar final state mesons", "prompt": null, "generation": " Next-to-leading order corrections are an important aspect in the extraction\nof the Cabibbo- Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements $|V_{\\text{cb}}|$ and\n$|V_{\\text{ub}}|$ at $B$-factory experiments: virtual and real photons couple\nto all charged particles of the decay, alter the resulting decay dynamics and\nenhance the total decay rate. We present a phenomenologically motivated model\nand a Monte-Carlo implementation to study electromagnetic radiative corrections\nto differential and total decay rates for semileptonic $B$-meson decays into\nexclusive pseudoscalar and scalar final states and apply it to $B \\to D \\, l \\,\n\\nu$ and $B \\to \\pi \\, l \\, \\nu$, and $B \\to D_0^* \\, l \\, \\nu$ decays,\nrespectively. We study such corrections with a phenomenological picture of\npoint-like mesons (with some structure-dependent corrections), which is valid\nin the low-energy region of the photons and whose results we extrapolate over\nthe complete phase space. The largest quantifiable uncertainty is due to the\napproximative matching to the Standard Model. In addition unknown\nstructure-dependent contributions and model dependencies might have an impact\non our findings.\n" }, { "id": "299e76d7-4717-4ac8-85d9-238382afd149", "adv_source_id": "299e76d7-4717-4ac8-85d9-238382afd149", "source_id": "299e76d7-4717-4ac8-85d9-238382afd149", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Searching for p-modes in MOST Procyon data: Another view", "prompt": null, "generation": " Photometry of Procyon obtained by the MOST satellite in 2004 has been\nsearched for p modes by several groups, with sometimes contradictory\ninterpretations. We explore two possible factors that complicate the analysis\nand may lead to erroneous reports of p modes in these data. Two methods are\nused to illustrate the role of subtle instrumental effects in the photometry:\ntime-frequency analysis, and a search for regularly spaced peaks in a Fourier\nspectrum based on the echelle diagramme approach. We find no convincing\nevidence of a p-mode signal in the MOST Procyon data. We can account for an\napparent excess of power close to the p-mode frequency range and signs of\nstructure in an echelle diagramme in terms of instrumental effects.\n" }, { "id": "129cf674-88b2-494c-ba33-22ac3d599542", "adv_source_id": "129cf674-88b2-494c-ba33-22ac3d599542", "source_id": "129cf674-88b2-494c-ba33-22ac3d599542", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exit problem of a two-dimensional risk process from the quadrant: Exact\n and asymptotic results", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider two insurance companies (or two branches of the same company) that\ndivide between them both claims and premia in some specified proportions. We\nmodel the occurrence of claims according to a renewal process. One ruin problem\nconsidered is that of the corresponding two-dimensional risk process first\nleaving the positive quadrant; another is that of entering the negative\nquadrant. When the claims arrive according to a Poisson process, we obtain a\nclosed form expression for the ultimate ruin probability. In the general case,\nwe analyze the asymptotics of the ruin probability when the initial reserves of\nboth companies tend to infinity under a Cram\\'{e}r light-tail assumption on the\nclaim size distribution.\n" }, { "id": "0492f2a6-3547-424a-88df-9c8332485925", "adv_source_id": "0492f2a6-3547-424a-88df-9c8332485925", "source_id": "0492f2a6-3547-424a-88df-9c8332485925", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Wave function mapping in graphene quantum dots with soft confinement", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we map the local\ndensity of states (LDOS) of graphene quantum dots supported on Ir(111). Due to\na band gap in the projected Ir band structure around the graphene K point, the\nelectronic properties of the QDs are dominantly graphene-like. Indeed, we\ncompare the results favorably with tight binding calculations on the honeycomb\nlattice based on parameters derived from density functional theory. We find\nthat the interaction with the substrate near the edge of the island gradually\nopens a gap in the Dirac cone, which implies soft-wall confinement.\nInterestingly, this confinement results in highly symmetric wave functions.\nFurther influences of the substrate are given by the known moir{\\'e} potential\nand a 10% penetration of an Ir surface resonance\n" }, { "id": "e8d469c2-f96b-4f48-8a05-d217584ac5c0", "adv_source_id": "e8d469c2-f96b-4f48-8a05-d217584ac5c0", "source_id": "e8d469c2-f96b-4f48-8a05-d217584ac5c0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Strategy for Maker in the Clique Game which Helps to Tackle some Open\n Problems by Beck", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study Maker/Breaker games on the edges of the complete graph, as\nintroduced by Chvatal and Erdos. We show that in the (m:b) clique game played\non K_{N}, the complete graph on N vertices, Maker can achieve a K_{q} for q =\n(m/(log_{2}(b + 1)) - o(1)) * log N, which partially solves an open problem by\nBeck. Moreover, we show that in the (1:1) clique game played on K_{N} for a\nsufficiently large N, Maker can achieve a K_{q} in only 2^(2q/3) moves, which\nimproves the previous best bound and answers a question of Beck. Finally we\nconsider the so called tournament game. A tournament is a directed graph where\nevery pair of vertices is connected by a single directed edge. The tournament\ngame is played on K_{N}. At the beginning Breaker fixes an arbitrary tournament\nT_{q} on q vertices. Maker and Breaker then alternately take turns at claiming\none unclaimed edge e and selecting one of the two possible orientations. Maker\nwins if his graph contains a copy of the goal tournament T_{q}; otherwise\nBreaker wins. We show that Maker wins the tournament game on K_{N} with q = (1\n- o(1))*log_{2}(N) which supports the random graph intuition: the threshold for\nq is asymptotically the same for the game played by two \"clever'' players and\nthe game played by two ``random'' players.\n This last result solves an open problem of Beck which he included in his list\nof the seven most humiliating open problems.\n" }, { "id": "52f3e782-a1d4-4bb8-bce2-07736a434405", "adv_source_id": "52f3e782-a1d4-4bb8-bce2-07736a434405", "source_id": "52f3e782-a1d4-4bb8-bce2-07736a434405", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Most Severe Test for Hydrophobicity Scales: Two Proteins with 88%\n Sequence Identity but Different Structure and Function", "prompt": null, "generation": " Protein-protein interactions (protein functionalities) are mediated by water,\nwhich compacts individual proteins and promotes close and temporarily stable\nlarge-area protein-protein interfaces. In their classic paper Kyte and\nDoolittle (KD) concluded that the \"simplicity and graphic nature of\nhydrophobicity scales make them very useful tools for the evaluation of protein\nstructures\". In practice, however, attempts to develop hydrophobicity scales\n(for example, compatible with classical force fields (CFF) in calculating the\nenergetics of protein folding) have encountered many difficulties. Here we\nsuggest an entirely different approach, based on the idea that proteins are\nself-organized networks, subject to finite-scale criticality (like some network\nglasses). We test this proposal against two small proteins that are delicately\nbalanced between alpha and alpha/beta structures, with different functions\nencoded with only 12% of their amino acids. This example explains why protein\nstructure prediction is so challenging, and it provides a severe test for the\naccuracy and content of hydrophobicity scales. The new method confirms KD's\nevaluation, and at the same time suggests that protein structure, dynamics and\nfunction can be best discussed without using CFF.\n" }, { "id": "cc044da8-98fd-4686-b4bb-a5eabd046320", "adv_source_id": "cc044da8-98fd-4686-b4bb-a5eabd046320", "source_id": "cc044da8-98fd-4686-b4bb-a5eabd046320", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Beyond $\\ell_1$-norm minimization for sparse signal recovery", "prompt": null, "generation": " Sparse signal recovery has been dominated by the basis pursuit denoise (BPDN)\nproblem formulation for over a decade. In this paper, we propose an algorithm\nthat outperforms BPDN in finding sparse solutions to underdetermined linear\nsystems of equations at no additional computational cost. Our algorithm, called\nWSPGL1, is a modification of the spectral projected gradient for $\\ell_1$\nminimization (SPGL1) algorithm in which the sequence of LASSO subproblems are\nreplaced by a sequence of weighted LASSO subproblems with constant weights\napplied to a support estimate. The support estimate is derived from the data\nand is updated at every iteration. The algorithm also modifies the Pareto curve\nat every iteration to reflect the new weighted $\\ell_1$ minimization problem\nthat is being solved. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that the\nsparse recovery performance of our algorithm is superior to that of $\\ell_1$\nminimization and approaches the recovery performance of iterative re-weighted\n$\\ell_1$ (IRWL1) minimization of Cand{\\`e}s, Wakin, and Boyd, although it does\nnot match it in general. Moreover, our algorithm has the computational cost of\na single BPDN problem.\n" }, { "id": "86b9c0fe-5167-402a-89eb-0453dabe5d8e", "adv_source_id": "86b9c0fe-5167-402a-89eb-0453dabe5d8e", "source_id": "86b9c0fe-5167-402a-89eb-0453dabe5d8e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of Superconductivity in the Cuprates", "prompt": null, "generation": " The quantum critical fluctuations of the time-reversal breaking order\nparameter which is observed in the pseudogap regime of the Cuprates are shown\nto couple to the lattice equivalent of the local angular momentum of the\nfermions. Such a coupling favors scattering of fermions through angles close to\n$\\pm \\pi/2$ which is unambiguously shown to promote d-wave pairing. The right\norder of magnitude of both $T_c$ and the normalized zero temperature gap\n$\\Delta/T_c$ are calculated using the same fluctuations which give the\ntemperature, frequency and momentum dependence of the the anomalous normal\nstate properties for dopings near the quantum-critical value and with two\nparameters extracted from fit to such experiments.\n" }, { "id": "85dafc24-0325-4d38-a8a5-db35d66c698b", "adv_source_id": "85dafc24-0325-4d38-a8a5-db35d66c698b", "source_id": "85dafc24-0325-4d38-a8a5-db35d66c698b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On a phase field model for solid-liquid phase transitions", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new phase field model is introduced, which can be viewed as nontrivial\ngeneralisation of what is known as the Caginalp model. It involves in\nparticular nonlinear diffusion terms. By formal asymptotic analysis, it is\nshown that in the sharp interface limit it still yields a Stefan-like model\nwith: 1) a (generalized) Gibbs-Thomson relation telling how much the interface\ntemperature differs from the equilibrium temperature when the interface is\nmoving or/and is curved with surface tension; 2) a jump condition for the heat\nflux, which turns out to depend on the latent heat and on the velocity of the\ninterface with a new, nonlinear term compared to standard models. From the PDE\nanalysis point of view, the initial-boundary value problem is proved to be\nlocally well-posed in time (for smooth data).\n" }, { "id": "ce79b172-ac7d-4bfb-91cf-06c22d028ce4", "adv_source_id": "ce79b172-ac7d-4bfb-91cf-06c22d028ce4", "source_id": "ce79b172-ac7d-4bfb-91cf-06c22d028ce4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "One-loop omega-potential of quantum fields with ellipsoid\n constant-energy surface dispersion law", "prompt": null, "generation": " Rapidly convergent expansions of a one-loop contribution to the partition\nfunction of quantum fields with ellipsoid constant-energy surface dispersion\nlaw are derived. The omega-potential is naturally decomposed into three parts:\nthe quasiclassical contribution, the contribution from the branch cut of the\ndispersion law, and the oscillating part. The low- and high-temperature\nexpansions of the quasiclassical part are obtained. An explicit expression and\na relation of the contribution from the cut with the Casimir term and vacuum\nenergy are established. The oscillating part is represented in the form of the\nChowla-Selberg expansion for the Epstein zeta function. Various resummations of\nthis expansion are considered. The developed general procedure is applied to\ntwo models: massless particles in a box both at zero and non-zero chemical\npotential; electrons in a thin metal film. The rapidly convergent expansions of\nthe partition function and average particle number are obtained for these\nmodels. In particular, the oscillations of the chemical potential of conduction\nelectrons in graphene and a thin metal film due to a variation of sizes of the\ncrystal are described.\n" }, { "id": "1e7e7b64-c97b-4eb0-bf1e-2b5c4b5c9765", "adv_source_id": "1e7e7b64-c97b-4eb0-bf1e-2b5c4b5c9765", "source_id": "1e7e7b64-c97b-4eb0-bf1e-2b5c4b5c9765", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Every free basic convex semi-algebraic set has an LMI representation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The (matricial) solution set of a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) is a convex\nbasic non-commutative semi-algebraic set. The main theorem of this paper is a\nconverse, a result which has implications for both semidefinite programming and\nsystems engineering. For p(x) a non-commutative polynomial in free variables x=\n(x1, ... xg) we can substitute a tuple of symmetric matrices X= (X1, ... Xg)\nfor x and obtain a matrix p(X). Assume p is symmetric with p(0) invertible, let\nIp denote the set {X: p(X) is an invertible matrix}, and let Dp denote the\ncomponent of Ip containing 0. THEOREM: If the set Dp is uniformly bounded\nindependent of the size of the matrix tuples, then Dp has an LMI representation\nif and only if it is convex. Linear engineering systems problems are called\n\"dimension free\" if they can be stated purely in terms of a signal flow diagram\nwith L2 performance measures, e.g., H-infinity control. Conjecture: A dimension\nfree problem can be made convex if and only it can be made into an LMI. The\ntheorem here settles the core case affirmatively.\n" }, { "id": "d8ded832-ae1b-4afc-8875-56dfb7c02387", "adv_source_id": "d8ded832-ae1b-4afc-8875-56dfb7c02387", "source_id": "d8ded832-ae1b-4afc-8875-56dfb7c02387", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Characterization and Performance of Silicon n-in-p Pixel Detectors for\n the ATLAS Upgrades", "prompt": null, "generation": " The existing ATLAS Tracker will be at its functional limit for particle\nfluences of 10^15 neq/cm^2 (LHC). Thus for the upgrades at smaller radii like\nin the case of the planned Insertable B-Layer (IBL) and for increased LHC\nluminosities (super LHC) the development of new structures and materials which\ncan cope with the resulting particle fluences is needed. N-in-p silicon devices\nare a promising candidate for tracking detectors to achieve these goals, since\nthey are radiation hard, cost efficient and are not type inverted after\nirradiation. A n-in-p pixel production based on a MPP/HLL design and performed\nby CiS (Erfurt, Germany) on 300 \\mu m thick Float-Zone material is\ncharacterised and the electrical properties of sensors and single chip modules\n(SCM) are presented, including noise, charge collection efficiencies, and\nmeasurements with MIPs as well as an 241Am source. The SCMs are built with\nsensors connected to the current the ATLAS read-out chip FE-I3. The\ncharacterisation has been performed with the ATLAS pixel read-out systems,\nbefore and after irradiation with 24 GeV/c protons. In addition preliminary\ntestbeam results for the tracking efficiency and charge collection, obtained\nwith a SCM, are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "9c305a37-c752-4b87-9040-f9e74593e708", "adv_source_id": "9c305a37-c752-4b87-9040-f9e74593e708", "source_id": "9c305a37-c752-4b87-9040-f9e74593e708", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evidence for a sharp structure variation inside a red-giant star", "prompt": null, "generation": " The availability of precisely determined frequencies of radial and non-radial\noscillation modes in red giants is finally paving the way for detailed studies\nof the internal structure of these stars. We look for the seismic signature of\nregions of sharp structure variation in the internal structure of the CoRoT\ntarget HR7349. We analyse the frequency dependence of the large frequency\nseparation and second frequency differences, as well as the behaviour of the\nlarge frequency separation obtained with the envelope auto-correlation\nfunction. We find evidence for a periodic component in the oscillation\nfrequencies, i.e. the seismic signature of a sharp structure variation in\nHR7349. In a comparison with stellar models we interpret this feature as caused\nby a local depression of the sound speed that occurs in the helium\nsecond-ionization region. Using solely seismic constraints this allows us to\nestimate the mass (M=1.2^{+0.6}_{-0.4} Msun) and radius (R=12.2^{+2.1}_{-1.8}\nRsun) of HR7349, which agrees with the location of the star in an HR diagram.\n" }, { "id": "97e07710-f3ea-43da-9706-9b2de5b2bd5b", "adv_source_id": "97e07710-f3ea-43da-9706-9b2de5b2bd5b", "source_id": "97e07710-f3ea-43da-9706-9b2de5b2bd5b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Re-Encoding Transformation in Algebraic List-Decoding of\n Reed-Solomon Codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The main computational steps in algebraic soft-decoding, as well as\nSudan-type list-decoding, of Reed-Solomon codes are bivariate polynomial\ninterpolation and factorization. We introduce a computational technique, based\nupon re-encoding and coordinate transformation, that significantly reduces the\ncomplexity of the bivariate interpolation procedure. This re-encoding and\ncoordinate transformation converts the original interpolation problem into\nanother reduced interpolation problem, which is orders of magnitude smaller\nthan the original one. A rigorous proof is presented to show that the two\ninterpolation problems are indeed equivalent. An efficient factorization\nprocedure that applies directly to the reduced interpolation problem is also\ngiven.\n" }, { "id": "14b311ec-2c0e-482b-a9ee-7c20cd718a4f", "adv_source_id": "14b311ec-2c0e-482b-a9ee-7c20cd718a4f", "source_id": "14b311ec-2c0e-482b-a9ee-7c20cd718a4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Systematic Examination of Particle Motion in a Collapsing Magnetic\n Trap Model for Solar Flares", "prompt": null, "generation": " Context. It has been suggested that collapsing magnetic traps may contribute\nto accelerating particles to high energies during solar flares.\n Aims. We present a detailed investigation of the energization processes of\nparticles in collapsing magnetic traps, using a specific model. We also compare\nfor the first time the energization processes in a symmetric and an asymmetric\ntrap model.\n Methods. Particle orbits are calculated using guiding centre theory. We\nsystematically investigate the dependence of the energization process on\ninitial position, initial energy and initial pitch angle.\n Results. We find that in our symmetric trap model particles can gain up to\nabout 50 times their initial energy, but that for most initial conditions the\nenergy gain is more moderate. Particles with an initial position in the weak\nfield region of the collapsing trap and with pitch angles around 90 degrees\nachieve the highest energy gain, with betatron acceleration of the\nperpendicular energy the dominant energization mechanism. For particles with\nsmaller initial pitch angle, but still outside the loss cone, we find the\npossibility of a significant increase in parallel energy. This increase in\nparallel energy can be attributed to the curvature term in the parallel\nequation of motion and the associated energy gain happens in the center of the\ntrap where the field line curvature has its maximum. We find qualitatively\nsimilar results for the asymmetric trap model, but with smaller energy gains\nand a larger number of particles escaping from the trap.\n" }, { "id": "5113a067-b576-4e45-a6b2-22b092e0af3e", "adv_source_id": "5113a067-b576-4e45-a6b2-22b092e0af3e", "source_id": "5113a067-b576-4e45-a6b2-22b092e0af3e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Host Galaxy Bulge Predictors of Supermassive Black Hole Mass", "prompt": null, "generation": " A variety of host galaxy (bulge) parameters are examined in order to\ndetermine their predictive power in ascertaining the masses of the supermassive\nblack holes (SMBH) at the centers of the galaxies. Based on a sample of 23\nnearby galaxies, comprised of both elliptical galaxies and spiral/lenticular\nbulges, we identify a strong correlation between the bulge gravitational\nbinding energy ($E_g$), as traced by the stellar light profile, and the SMBH\nmass ($M_{\\bullet}$), such that $M_{\\bullet} \\propto E_g^{0.6}$. The scatter\nabout the relationship indicates that this is as strong a predictor of\n$M_{\\bullet}$ as the velocity dispersion ($\\sigma$), for the elliptical galaxy\nsubsample. Improved mass-to-light ratios, obtained with IFU spectroscopy and\nI-band photometry by the SAURON group, were used for those sample galaxies\nwhere available, resulting in an energy predictor with the same slope, but with\nreduced scatter. Alternative $M_{\\bullet}$ predictors such as the gravitational\npotential and the bulge mass are also explored, but these are found to be\ninferior when compared with both the bulge gravitational binding energy and\nbulge velocity dispersion predictors, for the full galaxy sample.\n" }, { "id": "56cedb88-4a70-444d-abed-e9870d6d7705", "adv_source_id": "56cedb88-4a70-444d-abed-e9870d6d7705", "source_id": "56cedb88-4a70-444d-abed-e9870d6d7705", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Universal transport signatures of Majorana fermions in\n superconductor-Luttinger liquid junctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the most promising proposals for engineering topological\nsuperconductivity and Majorana fermions employs a spin-orbit coupled nanowire\nsubjected to a magnetic field and proximate to an s-wave superconductor. When\nonly part of the wire's length contacts to the superconductor, the remaining\nconducting portion serves as a natural lead that can be used to probe these\nMajorana modes via tunneling. The enhanced role of interactions in one\ndimension dictates that this configuration should be viewed as a\nsuperconductor-Luttinger liquid junction. We investigate such junctions between\nboth helical and spinful Luttinger liquids, and topological as well as\nnon-topological superconductors. We determine the phase diagram for each case\nand show that universal low-energy transport in these systems is governed by\nfixed points describing either perfect normal reflection or perfect Andreev\nreflection. In addition to capturing (in some instances) the familiar\nMajorana-mediated `zero-bias anomaly' in a new framework, we show that\ninteractions yield dramatic consequences in certain regimes. Indeed, we\nestablish that strong repulsion removes this conductance anomaly altogether\nwhile strong attraction produces dynamically generated effective Majorana modes\neven in a junction with a trivial superconductor. Interactions further lead to\nstriking signatures in the local density of states and the line-shape of the\nconductance peak at finite voltage, and also are essential for establishing\nsmoking-gun transport signatures of Majorana fermions in spinful Luttinger\nliquid junctions.\n" }, { "id": "599964dc-c637-4c70-93e8-b1f7cf80a6aa", "adv_source_id": "599964dc-c637-4c70-93e8-b1f7cf80a6aa", "source_id": "599964dc-c637-4c70-93e8-b1f7cf80a6aa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gyrokinetic simulation of entropy cascade in two-dimensional\n electrostatic turbulence", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two-dimensional electrostatic turbulence in magnetized weakly-collisional\nplasmas exhibits a cascade of entropy in phase space [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103,\n015003 (2009)]. At scales smaller than the gyroradius, this cascade is\ncharacterized by the dimensionless ratio D of the collision time to the eddy\nturnover time measured at the scale of the thermal Larmor radius. When D >> 1,\na broad spectrum of fluctuations at sub-Larmor scales is found in both position\nand velocity space. The distribution function develops structure as a function\nof v_{perp}, the velocity coordinate perpendicular to the local magnetic field.\nThe cascade shows a local-scale nonlinear interaction in both position and\nvelocity spaces, and Kolmogorov's scaling theory can be extended into phase\nspace.\n" }, { "id": "46d80d54-0e87-4f77-a1e0-55c6cda735b4", "adv_source_id": "46d80d54-0e87-4f77-a1e0-55c6cda735b4", "source_id": "46d80d54-0e87-4f77-a1e0-55c6cda735b4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Symmetrization and enhancement of the continuous Morlet transform", "prompt": null, "generation": " The forward and inverse wavelet transform using the continuous Morlet basis\nmay be symmetrized by using an appropriate normalization factor. The loss of\nresponse due to wavelet truncation is addressed through a renormalization of\nthe wavelet based on power. The spectral density has physical units which may\nbe related to the squared amplitude of the signal, as do its margins the mean\nwavelet power and the integrated instant power, giving a quantitative estimate\nof the power density with temporal resolution. Deconvolution with the wavelet\nresponse matrix reduces the spectral leakage and produces an enhanced wavelet\nspectrum providing maximum resolution of the harmonic content of a signal.\nApplications to data analysis are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "33b0835a-9af7-443d-bf00-df13fa2a7b44", "adv_source_id": "33b0835a-9af7-443d-bf00-df13fa2a7b44", "source_id": "33b0835a-9af7-443d-bf00-df13fa2a7b44", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "DBI and the Galileon reunited", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive the relativistic generalization of the Galileon, by studying the\nbrane position modulus of a relativistic probe brane embedded in a five-\ndimensional bulk. In the appropriate Galilean contraction limit, we recover the\ncomplete Galileon generalization of the DGP decoupling theory and its conformal\nextension. All higher order interactions for the Galileon and its relativistic\ngeneralization naturally follow from the brane tension, induced curvature, and\nthe Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary terms associated with all bulk Lovelock\ninvariants. Our approach makes the coupling to gravity straightforward, in\nparticular allowing a simple rederivation of the nonmini- mal couplings\nrequired by the Covariant Galileon. The connection with the Lovelock invariants\nmakes the well-defined Cauchy problem manifest, and gives a natural unification\nof four dimensional effective field theories of the DBI type and the Galileon\ntype.\n" }, { "id": "c123ce52-76a8-46ca-a16f-2236c48e4aa8", "adv_source_id": "c123ce52-76a8-46ca-a16f-2236c48e4aa8", "source_id": "c123ce52-76a8-46ca-a16f-2236c48e4aa8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Refined Measurement of the Mean Transmitted Flux in the Ly-alpha\n Forest over 2 < z < 5 Using Composite Quasar Spectra", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present new measurements of the mean transmitted flux in the Ly-alpha\nforest over 2 < z < 5 made using 6065 quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky\nSurvey DR7. We exploit the general lack of evolution in the mean quasar\ncontinuum to avoid the bias introduced by continuum fitting over the Ly-alpha\nforest at high redshifts, which has been the primary systematic uncertainty in\nprevious measurements of the mean Ly-alpha transmission. The individual spectra\nare first combined into twenty-six composites with mean redshifts spanning 2.25\n< z_comp < 5.08. The flux ratios of separate composites at the same rest\nwavelength are then used, without continuum fitting, to infer the mean\ntransmitted flux, F(z), as a fraction of its value at z~2. Absolute values for\nF(z) are found by scaling our relative values to measurements made from\nhigh-resolution data by Faucher-Giguere et al. (2008) at z < 2.5, where\ncontinuum uncertainties are minimal. We find that F(z) evolves smoothly with\nredshift, with no evidence of a previously reported feature at z~3.2. This\ntrend is consistent with a gradual evolution of the ionization and thermal\nstate of the intergalactic medium over 2 < z < 5. Our results generally agree\nwith the most careful measurements to date made from high-resolution data, but\noffer much greater precision and extend to higher redshifts. This work also\nimproves upon previous efforts using SDSS spectra by significantly reducing the\nlevel of systematic error.\n" }, { "id": "8e17c65e-f17b-4dc1-a7ed-8fb30a38dd9d", "adv_source_id": "8e17c65e-f17b-4dc1-a7ed-8fb30a38dd9d", "source_id": "8e17c65e-f17b-4dc1-a7ed-8fb30a38dd9d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Martingale representation for Poisson processes with applications to\n minimal variance hedging", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a Poisson process $\\eta$ on a measurable space\n$(\\BY,\\mathcal{Y})$ equipped with a partial ordering, assumed to be strict\nalmost everwhwere with respect to the intensity measure $\\lambda$ of $\\eta$. We\ngive a Clark-Ocone type formula providing an explicit representation of square\nintegrable martingales (defined with respect to the natural filtration\nassociated with $\\eta$), which was previously known only in the special case,\nwhen $\\lambda$ is the product of Lebesgue measure on $\\R_+$ and a\n$\\sigma$-finite measure on another space $\\BX$. Our proof is new and based on\nonly a few basic properties of Poisson processes and stochastic integrals. We\nalso consider the more general case of an independent random measure in the\nsense of It\\^o of pure jump type and show that the Clark-Ocone type\nrepresentation leads to an explicit version of the Kunita-Watanabe\ndecomposition of square integrable martingales. We also find the explicit\nminimal variance hedge in a quite general financial market driven by an\nindependent random measure.\n" }, { "id": "44aa418a-1f98-44a6-a278-c14fba88b2d3", "adv_source_id": "44aa418a-1f98-44a6-a278-c14fba88b2d3", "source_id": "44aa418a-1f98-44a6-a278-c14fba88b2d3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory and Simulation of the diffusion of kinks on dislocations in bcc\n metals", "prompt": null, "generation": " Isolated kinks on thermally fluctuating (1/2)<111> screw, <100> edge and\n(1/2)<111> edge dislocations in bcc iron are simulated under zero stress\nconditions using molecular dynamics (MD). Kinks are seen to perform stochastic\nmotion in a potential landscape that depends on the dislocation character and\ngeometry, and their motion provides fresh insight into the coupling of\ndislocations to a heat bath. The kink formation energy, migration barrier and\nfriction parameter are deduced from the simulations. A discrete\nFrenkel-Kontorova-Langevin (FKL) model is able to reproduce the coarse grained\ndata from MD at a fraction of the computational cost, without assuming an a\npriori temperature dependence beyond the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.\nAnalytic results reveal that discreteness effects play an essential r\\^ole in\nthermally activated dislocation glide, revealing the existence of a crucial\nintermediate length scale between molecular and dislocation dynamics. The model\nis used to investigate dislocation motion under the vanishingly small stress\nlevels found in the evolution of dislocation microstructures in irradiated\nmaterials.\n" }, { "id": "0a09efdf-1c6a-4860-8807-0d82539019b6", "adv_source_id": "0a09efdf-1c6a-4860-8807-0d82539019b6", "source_id": "0a09efdf-1c6a-4860-8807-0d82539019b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Harmonic analysis of additive Levy processes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $X_1,...,X_N$ denote $N$ independent $d$-dimensional L\\'evy processes,\nand consider the $N$-parameter random field \\[\\X(\\bm{t}):=\nX_1(t_1)+...+X_N(t_N).\\] First we demonstrate that for all nonrandom Borel sets\n$F\\subseteq\\R^d$, the Minkowski sum $\\X(\\R^N_+)\\oplus F$, of the range\n$\\X(\\R^N_+)$ of $\\X$ with $F$, can have positive $d$-dimensional Lebesgue\nmeasure if and only if a certain capacity of $F$ is positive. This improves our\nearlier joint effort with Yuquan Zhong \\ycite{KXZ:03} by removing a\nsymmetry-type condition there. Moreover, we show that under mild regularity\nconditions, our necessary and sufficient condition can be recast in terms of\none-potential densities. This rests on developing results in classical\n[non-probabilistic] harmonic analysis that might be of independent interest. As\nwas shown in \\fullocite{KXZ:03}, the potential theory of the type studied here\nhas a large number of consequences in the theory of L\\'evy processes. We\npresent a few new consequences here.\n" }, { "id": "6795023d-ba83-4f50-b6c2-d34e932bbb59", "adv_source_id": "6795023d-ba83-4f50-b6c2-d34e932bbb59", "source_id": "6795023d-ba83-4f50-b6c2-d34e932bbb59", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Heating in an Extended Accretion Disk Corona along the Z-Pattern in Cyg\n X-2", "prompt": null, "generation": " We observed at very high spectral resolution the prototype Z-source Cyg x-2\ntwice along its entire X-ray spectral variation pattern. In this preliminary\nanalysis we find an extended accretion disk corona exhibiting Lyman alpha\nemissions from various H-like ions, as well as emissions from He-like ions of\nFe and Al, and Li-like ions of Fe. The brightest lines show a range of line\nbroadening: H-like lines are very broad with Doppler velocities between 1100\nand 2700 km/s, while some others are narrower with widths of a few hundred\nkm/s. Line diagnostics allow us for the first time to determine coronal\nparameters. The line properties are consistent with a stationary, extended up\nto 10^10 cm, dense (1x10^15 cm^-3), and hot (log xi > 3; T > 10^6 K) accretion\ndisk corona. We find ongoing heating of the corona along the Z-track and\ndetermine that heating luminosities change from about 0.4 L_Edd on the\nhorizontal to about 1.4 L_Edd on the flaring branch.\n" }, { "id": "96f15740-afa9-4b45-b936-2050da59d825", "adv_source_id": "96f15740-afa9-4b45-b936-2050da59d825", "source_id": "96f15740-afa9-4b45-b936-2050da59d825", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optical design of reflectionless complex media by finite embedded\n coordinate transformations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Transformation optics offers an unconventional approach to the control of\nelectromagnetic fields. A transformation optical structure is designed by first\napplying a form-invariant coordinate transform to Maxwell's equations, in which\npart of free space is distorted in some desired manner. The coordinate\ntransformation is then applied to the permittivity and permeability tensors to\nyield the specification for a complex medium with desired functionality. The\ntransformation optical structures proposed to date, such as electromagnetic\n\"invisibility\" cloaks and concentrators, are inherently reflectionless and\nleave the transmitted wave undisturbed. Here we expand the class of\ntransformation optical structures by introducing finite, embedded coordinate\ntransformations, which allow the electromagnetic waves to be steered or\nfocused. We apply the method to the design of several devices, including a\nparallel beam shifter and a beam splitter, both of which exhibit unusual\nelectromagnetic behavior as confirmed by 2D full-wave simulations. The devices\nare designed to be reflectionless, in accordance with a straightforward\ntopological criterion.\n" }, { "id": "68b2ea8d-6757-4130-b9fb-b6edab93e945", "adv_source_id": "68b2ea8d-6757-4130-b9fb-b6edab93e945", "source_id": "68b2ea8d-6757-4130-b9fb-b6edab93e945", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A prediction of $D^*$-multi-$\\rho$ states", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a study of the many-body interaction between a $D^*$ and\nmulti-$\\rho$. We use an extrapolation to SU(4) of the hidden gauge formalism,\nwhich produced dynamically the resonances $f_2(1270)$ in the $\\rho\\rho$\ninteraction and $D^*_2(2460)$ in the $\\rho D^*$ interaction. Then let a third\nparticle, $\\rho$, $D^*$, or a resonance collide with them, evaluating the\nscattering amplitudes in terms of the Fixed Center Approximation of the Faddeev\nequations. We find several clear resonant structures above $2800\\mev$ in the\nmultibody scattering amplitudes. They would correspond to new charmed\nresonances, $D^*_3$, $D^*_4$, $D^*_5$ and $D^*_6$, which are not yet listed in\nthe PDG, which would be analogous to the $\\rho_3(1690)$, $f_4(2050)$,\n$\\rho_5(2350)$, $f_6(2510)$ and $K^*_3(1780)$, $K^*_4(2045)$, $K^*_5(2380)$\ndescribed before as multi-$\\rho$ and $K^*$-multi-$\\rho$ states respectively.\n" }, { "id": "5cb784ba-18d4-4a92-a620-7b1d80d45f58", "adv_source_id": "5cb784ba-18d4-4a92-a620-7b1d80d45f58", "source_id": "5cb784ba-18d4-4a92-a620-7b1d80d45f58", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Monolithic Radiation-Pressure Driven, Low Phase Noise Silicon Nitride\n Opto-Mechanical Oscillator", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cavity opto-mechanics enabled radiation pressure (RP) driven oscillators\nshown in the past offer an all optical Radio Frequency (RF) source without the\nneed for external electrical feedback. However these oscillators require\nexternal tapered fiber or prism coupling and non-standard fabrication\nprocesses. In this work, we present a CMOS compatible fabrication process to\ndesign high optical quality factor opto-mechanical resonators in silicon\nnitride. The ring resonators designed in this process demonstrate low phase\nnoise RP driven oscillations. Using integrated grating couplers and waveguide\nto couple light to the micro-resonator eliminates 1/f^3 and other higher order\nphase noise slopes at close-to-carrier frequencies present in previous\ndemonstrations. We present an RP driven OMO operating at 41.97MHz with a signal\npower of -11dBm and phase noise of -85dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset with only 1/f^2\nnoise down to 10Hz offset from carrier.\n" }, { "id": "ccd1ebf8-5625-40a9-971e-5b5de793dea2", "adv_source_id": "ccd1ebf8-5625-40a9-971e-5b5de793dea2", "source_id": "ccd1ebf8-5625-40a9-971e-5b5de793dea2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonadaptive Mastermind Algorithms for String and Vector Databases, with\n Case Studies", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we study sparsity-exploiting Mastermind algorithms for\nattacking the privacy of an entire database of character strings or vectors,\nsuch as DNA strings, movie ratings, or social network friendship data. Based on\nreductions to nonadaptive group testing, our methods are able to take advantage\nof minimal amounts of privacy leakage, such as contained in a single bit that\nindicates if two people in a medical database have any common genetic\nmutations, or if two people have any common friends in an online social\nnetwork. We analyze our Mastermind attack algorithms using theoretical\ncharacterizations that provide sublinear bounds on the number of queries needed\nto clone the database, as well as experimental tests on genomic information,\ncollaborative filtering data, and online social networks. By taking advantage\nof the generally sparse nature of these real-world databases and modulating a\nparameter that controls query sparsity, we demonstrate that relatively few\nnonadaptive queries are needed to recover a large majority of each database.\n" }, { "id": "c28574aa-81fc-4210-8516-8b8a1595f70f", "adv_source_id": "c28574aa-81fc-4210-8516-8b8a1595f70f", "source_id": "c28574aa-81fc-4210-8516-8b8a1595f70f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improving population-specific allele frequency estimates by adapting\n supplemental data: an empirical Bayes approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " Estimation of the allele frequency at genetic markers is a key ingredient in\nbiological and biomedical research, such as studies of human genetic variation\nor of the genetic etiology of heritable traits. As genetic data becomes\nincreasingly available, investigators face a dilemma: when should data from\nother studies and population subgroups be pooled with the primary data? Pooling\nadditional samples will generally reduce the variance of the frequency\nestimates; however, used inappropriately, pooled estimates can be severely\nbiased due to population stratification. Because of this potential bias, most\ninvestigators avoid pooling, even for samples with the same ethnic background\nand residing on the same continent. Here, we propose an empirical Bayes\napproach for estimating allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms.\nThis procedure adaptively incorporates genotypes from related samples, so that\nmore similar samples have a greater influence on the estimates. In every\nexample we have considered, our estimator achieves a mean squared error (MSE)\nthat is smaller than either pooling or not, and sometimes substantially\nimproves over both extremes. The bias introduced is small, as is shown by a\nsimulation study that is carefully matched to a real data example. Our method\nis particularly useful when small groups of individuals are genotyped at a\nlarge number of markers, a situation we are likely to encounter in a\ngenome-wide association study.\n" }, { "id": "42f8197e-69c5-4307-a3ae-4e46d65c950b", "adv_source_id": "42f8197e-69c5-4307-a3ae-4e46d65c950b", "source_id": "42f8197e-69c5-4307-a3ae-4e46d65c950b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Representation Growth of Linear Groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $\\Gamma$ be a group and $r_n(\\Gamma)$ the number of its $n$-dimensional\nirreducible complex representations. We define and study the associated\nrepresentation zeta function $\\calz_\\Gamma(s) = \\suml^\\infty_{n=1}\nr_n(\\Gamma)n^{-s}$. When $\\Gamma$ is an arithmetic group satisfying the\ncongruence subgroup property then $\\calz_\\Gamma(s)$ has an ``Euler\nfactorization\". The \"factor at infinity\" is sometimes called the \"Witten zeta\nfunction\" counting the rational representations of an algebraic group. For\nthese we determine precisely the abscissa of convergence. The local factor at a\nfinite place counts the finite representations of suitable open subgroups $U$\nof the associated simple group $G$ over the associated local field $K$. Here we\nshow a surprising dichotomy: if $G(K)$ is compact (i.e. $G$ anisotropic over\n$K$) the abscissa of convergence goes to 0 when $\\dim G$ goes to infinity, but\nfor isotropic groups it is bounded away from 0. As a consequence, there is an\nunconditional positive lower bound for the abscissa for arbitrary finitely\ngenerated linear groups. We end with some observations and conjectures\nregarding the global abscissa.\n" }, { "id": "9bda90bd-30c1-4109-9b3d-25649c101ce9", "adv_source_id": "9bda90bd-30c1-4109-9b3d-25649c101ce9", "source_id": "9bda90bd-30c1-4109-9b3d-25649c101ce9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum instability in a dc-SQUID with strongly asymmetric dynamical\n parameters", "prompt": null, "generation": " A classical system cannot escape out of a metastable state at zero\ntemperature. However, a composite system made from both classical and quantum\ndegrees of freedom may drag itself out of the metastable state by a sequential\nprocess. The sequence starts with the tunneling of the quantum component which\nthen triggers a distortion of the trapping potential holding the classical\npart. Provided this distortion is large enough to turn the metastable state\ninto an unstable one, the classical component can escape. This process reminds\nof the famous baron Muenchhausen who told the story of rescuing himself from\nsinking in a swamp by pulling himself up by his own hair--we thus term this\ndecay the `Muenchhausen effect'. We show that such a composite system can be\nconveniently studied and implemented in a dc-SQUID featuring asymmetric\ndynamical parameters. We determine the dynamical phase diagram of this system\nfor various choices of junction parameters and system preparations.\n" }, { "id": "fd6a988c-5e94-4da7-b007-3dede3e52bf4", "adv_source_id": "fd6a988c-5e94-4da7-b007-3dede3e52bf4", "source_id": "fd6a988c-5e94-4da7-b007-3dede3e52bf4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic fields and Turbulence in Star Formation using Smoothed Particle\n Hydrodynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Firstly, we give a historical overview of attempts to incorporate magnetic\nfields into the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method by solving the equations\nof Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), leading an honest assessment of the current\nstate-of-the-art in terms of the limitations to performing realistic\ncalculations of the star formation process. Secondly, we discuss the results of\na recent comparison we have performed on simulations of driven, supersonic\nturbulence with SPH and Eulerian techniques. Finally we present some new\nresults on the relationship between the density variance and the Mach number in\nsupersonic turbulent flows, finding sigma^2_{ln rho} = ln (1 + b^2 M^2) with\nb=0.33 up to Mach~20, consistent with other numerical results at lower Mach\nnumber (Lemaster and Stone 2008) but inconsistent with observational\nconstraints on sigma_rho and M in Taurus and IC5146.\n" }, { "id": "aea8325e-9b32-4536-9f70-089b360e5761", "adv_source_id": "aea8325e-9b32-4536-9f70-089b360e5761", "source_id": "aea8325e-9b32-4536-9f70-089b360e5761", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Grafting rays fellow travel Teichmuller geodesics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given a measured geodesic lamination on a hyperbolic surface, grafting the\nsurface along multiples of the lamination defines a path in Teichmuller space,\ncalled the grafting ray. We show that every grafting ray, after\nreparametrization, is a Teichmuller quasi-geodesic and stays in a bounded\nneighborhood of a Teichmuller geodesic.\n As part of our approach, we show that grafting rays have controlled\ndependence on the starting point. That is, for any measured geodesic lamination\nLambda, the map of Teichmuller space which is defined by grafting along Lambda\nis L-Lipschitz with respect to the Teichmuller metric, where L is a universal\nconstant. This Lipschitz property follows from an extension of grafting to an\nopen neighborhood of Teichmuller space in the space of quasi-Fuchsian groups.\n" }, { "id": "dc03e559-2bfc-4b32-8e50-3ea460292275", "adv_source_id": "dc03e559-2bfc-4b32-8e50-3ea460292275", "source_id": "dc03e559-2bfc-4b32-8e50-3ea460292275", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase transition without global ordering in a hierarchical scale-free\n network", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the site-bond percolation on a hierarchical scale-free network,\nnamely, the decorated (2,2)-flower, by using the renormalization group\ntechnique. The phase diagram essentially depends on the fraction of occupied\nsites. Surprisingly, when each site is unoccupied even with a small\nprobability, the system permits neither the percolating phase nor the\nnonpercolating phase, but rather only critical phases. Although the order\nparameter always remains zero, a transition still exists between the critical\nphases that is characterized by the value of the fractal exponent, which\nmeasures the degree of criticality; the system changes from one critical state\nto another with the jump of the fractal exponent at the transition point. The\nphase boundary depends on the fraction of occupied sites. When the fraction of\nunoccupied sites exceeds a certain value, the transition line between the\ncritical phases disappears, and a unique critical phase remains.\n" }, { "id": "9b51a553-1192-4dff-a80b-c98067c3ebf1", "adv_source_id": "9b51a553-1192-4dff-a80b-c98067c3ebf1", "source_id": "9b51a553-1192-4dff-a80b-c98067c3ebf1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chemical analysis and aqueous solution properties of Charged Amphiphilic\n Block Copolymers PBA-b-PAA synthesized by MADIX", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have linked the structural and dynamic properties in aqueous solution of\namphiphilic charged diblock copolymers poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(acrylic\nacid), PBA-b-PAA, synthesized by controlled radical polymerization, with the\nphysico-chemical characteristics of the samples. Despite product imperfections,\nthe samples self-assemble in melt and aqueous solutions as predicted by\nmonodisperse microphase separation theory. However, the PBA core are abnormally\nlarge; the swelling of PBA cores is not due to AA (the Flory parameter\nchiPBA/PAA, determined at 0.25, means strong segregation), but to h-PBA\nhomopolymers (content determined by Liquid Chromatography at the Point of\nExclusion and Adsorption Transition LC-PEAT). Beside the dominant population of\nmicelles detected by scattering experiments, capillary electrophoresis CE\nanalysis permitted detection of two other populations, one of h-PAA, and the\nother of free PBA-b-PAA chains, that have very short PBA blocks and never\nself-assemble. Despite the presence of these free unimers, the self-assembly in\nsolution was found out of equilibrium: the aggregation state is history\ndependant and no unimer exchange between micelles occurs over months\n(time-evolution SANS). The high PBA/water interfacial tension, measured at 20\nmN/m, prohibits unimer exchange between micelles. PBA-b-PAA solution systems\nare neither at thermal equilibrium nor completely frozen systems: internal\nfractionation of individual aggregates can occur.\n" }, { "id": "47ea963c-3ee8-43ce-bfd2-b71e6577f81f", "adv_source_id": "47ea963c-3ee8-43ce-bfd2-b71e6577f81f", "source_id": "47ea963c-3ee8-43ce-bfd2-b71e6577f81f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Universal photocurrent-voltage characteristics of dye sensitized\n nanocrystalline TiO$_2$ photoelectrochemical cells", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new linearizable model for the nonlinear photocurrent-voltage\ncharacteristics of nanocrystalline TiO$_2$ dye sensitized solar cells based on\nfirst principles and report predicted values for fill factors. Upon\nrenormalization diverse experimental photocurrent-voltage data collapse onto a\nsingle universal function. These advances allow the estimation of the complete\ncurrent-voltage curve and the fill factor from any three experimental data\npoints, e.g., the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current and one\nintermediate measurement. The theoretical underpinning provides insight into\nthe physical mechanisms responsible for the remarkably large fill factors as\nwell as their known dependence on the open circuit voltage.\n" }, { "id": "c7a383ee-0c59-42b9-8785-dfa66940c3c5", "adv_source_id": "c7a383ee-0c59-42b9-8785-dfa66940c3c5", "source_id": "c7a383ee-0c59-42b9-8785-dfa66940c3c5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Model of the hippocampal formation explains the coexistence of grid\n cells and place cells", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we explain the strikingly regular activity of the 'grid' cells\nin rodent dorsal medial entorhinal cortex (dMEC) and the spatially localized\nactivity of the hippocampal place cells in CA3 and CA1 by assuming that the\nhippocampal region is constructed to support an internal dynamical model of the\nsensory information. The functioning of the different areas of the\nhippocampal-entorhinal loop and their interaction are derived from a set of\ninformation theoretical principles. We demonstrate through simple\ntransformations of the stimulus representations that the double form of space\nrepresentation (i.e. place field and regular grid tiling) can be seen as a\ncomputational 'by-product' of the circuit. In contrast to other theoretical or\ncomputational models we can also explain how place and grid activity may emerge\nat the respective areas simultaneously. In accord with recent views, our\nresults point toward a close relation between the formation of episodic memory\nand spatial navigation.\n" }, { "id": "9cfeb8d6-139a-4078-a383-9ebfc0484247", "adv_source_id": "9cfeb8d6-139a-4078-a383-9ebfc0484247", "source_id": "9cfeb8d6-139a-4078-a383-9ebfc0484247", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Covariant spectator theory for the electromagnetic three-nucleon form\n factors: Complete impulse approximation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the first calculations of the electromagnetic form factors of\n$^3$He and $^3$H within the framework of the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST).\nThis first exploratory study concentrates on the sensitivity of the form\nfactors to the strength of the scalar meson-nucleon off-shell coupling, known\nfrom previous studies to have a strong influence on the three-body binding\nenergy. Results presented here were obtained using the complete impulse\napproximation (CIA), which includes contributions of relativistic origin that\nappear as two-body corrections in a non-relativistic framework, such as\n\"Z-graphs\", but omits other two and three-body currents. We compare our results\nto non-relativistic calculations augmented by relativistic corrections of\n${\\cal O}(v/c)^2$.\n" }, { "id": "09f20424-7f16-4f24-a379-2a93019f28c8", "adv_source_id": "09f20424-7f16-4f24-a379-2a93019f28c8", "source_id": "09f20424-7f16-4f24-a379-2a93019f28c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic circular dichroism in real-time time-dependent density\n functional theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We apply the adiabatic time-dependent density functional theory to magnetic\nci the real-space, real-time computational method. The standard formulas for\nthe MCD response and its A and B terms are derived from the observables in the\ntime-dependent wave function. We find the real time method is well suited for\ncalculating the overall spectrum, particularly at higher excitation energies\nwhere individual excited states are numerous and overlapping. The MCD sum rules\nare derived and interpreted in the real-time formalism; we find that they are\nvery useful for normalization purposes and assessing the accuracy of the\ntheory. The method is applied to MCD spectrum of C-60 using the adiabatic\nenergy functional from the local density approximation. The theory correctly\npredicts the signs of the A and B terms for the lowest allowed excitations.\nHowever, the magnitudes of the terms only show qualitative agreement with\nexperiment.\n" }, { "id": "49dcd188-3a32-4e52-85dc-522b3074f713", "adv_source_id": "49dcd188-3a32-4e52-85dc-522b3074f713", "source_id": "49dcd188-3a32-4e52-85dc-522b3074f713", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A 1.75 kpc/h Separation Dual AGN at z=0.36 in the COSMOS Field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present strong evidence for dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the\nz=0.36 galaxy COSMOS J100043.15+020637.2. COSMOS Hubble Space Telescope (HST)\nimaging of the galaxy shows a tidal tail, indicating that the galaxy recently\nunderwent a merger, as well as two bright point sources near the galaxy's\ncenter. Both the luminosities of these sources (derived from the HST image) and\ntheir emission line flux ratios (derived from Keck/DEIMOS slit spectroscopy)\nsuggest that both are AGN and not star-forming regions or supernovae.\nObservations from zCOSMOS, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, XMM-Newton, Very Large\nArray, and Spitzer fortify the evidence for AGN activity. With HST imaging we\nmeasure a projected spatial offset between the two AGN of 1.75 +- 0.03 kpc/h,\nand with DEIMOS we measure a 150 +- 40 km/s line-of-sight velocity offset\nbetween the two AGN. Combined, these observations provide substantial evidence\nthat COSMOS J100043.15+020637.2 is a dual AGN in a merger-remnant galaxy.\n" }, { "id": "5f3bea1a-adce-4afe-a32c-4f8f0293e79a", "adv_source_id": "5f3bea1a-adce-4afe-a32c-4f8f0293e79a", "source_id": "5f3bea1a-adce-4afe-a32c-4f8f0293e79a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Boundary of the Relative Outer Space", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $\\mathcal{A} = {A_1, ..., A_k}$ be a system of free factors of $F_n$. The\ngroup of relative automorphisms $\\mathrm{Aut}(F_n; \\mathcal{A})$ is the group\ngiven by the automorphisms of $F_n$ that restricted to each $A_i$ are\nconjugations by elements in $F_n$. The group of relative outer automorphisms is\ndefined as $\\mathrm{Out}(F_n; \\mathcal{A}) = \\mathrm{Aut}(F_n; \\mathcal{A}) /\n\\mathrm{Inn}(F_n)$, where $\\mathrm{Inn (F_n)$ is the normal subgroup of\n$\\mathrm{Aut}(F_n)$ given by all the inner automorphisms. This group acts on\nthe relative outer space $\\mathrm{CV}_n(\\mathcal{A})$. We prove that the\ndimension of the boundary of the relative outer space is\n$\\mathrm{dim}(\\mathrm{CV}_n(\\mathcal{A}))-1$.\n" }, { "id": "7ff39206-d8eb-430e-9c7f-eaced0a61610", "adv_source_id": "7ff39206-d8eb-430e-9c7f-eaced0a61610", "source_id": "7ff39206-d8eb-430e-9c7f-eaced0a61610", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Index Sets of Computable Structures", "prompt": null, "generation": " The \\emph{index set} of a computable structure $\\mathcal{A}$ is the set of\nindices for computable copies of $\\mathcal{A}$. We determine the complexity of\nthe index sets of various mathematically interesting structures, including\narbitrary finite structures, $\\mathbb{Q}$-vector spaces, Archimedean real\nclosed ordered fields, reduced Abelian $p$-groups of length less than\n$\\omega^{2}$, and models of the original Ehrenfeucht theory. The index sets for\nthese structures all turn out to be $m$-complete $\\Pi_{n}^{0}$,\n$d$-$\\Sigma_{n}^{0}$, or $\\Sigma_{n}^{0}$, for various $n$. In each case, the\ncalculation involves finding an \\textquotedblleft optimal\\textquotedblright% \\\nsentence (i.e., one of simplest form) that describes the structure. The form of\nthe sentence (computable $\\Pi_{n}$, $d$-$\\Sigma_{n}$, or $\\Sigma_{n}$) yields a\nbound on the complexity of the index set. When we show $m$% -completeness of\nthe index set, we know that the sentence is optimal. For some structures, the\nfirst sentence that comes to mind is not optimal, and another sentence of\nsimpler form is shown to serve the purpose. For some of the groups, this\ninvolves Ramsey theory.\n" }, { "id": "f49c3b84-2a38-49cb-a3b0-7ce9370a4740", "adv_source_id": "f49c3b84-2a38-49cb-a3b0-7ce9370a4740", "source_id": "f49c3b84-2a38-49cb-a3b0-7ce9370a4740", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Holographic GB gravity in arbitrary dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the properties of the holographic CFT dual to Gauss-Bonnet gravity\nin general $D \\ge 5$ dimensions. We establish the AdS/CFT dictionary and in\nparticular relate the couplings of the gravitational theory to the universal\ncouplings arising in correlators of the stress tensor of the dual CFT. This\nallows us to examine constraints on the gravitational couplings by demanding\nconsistency of the CFT. In particular, one can demand positive energy fluxes in\nscattering processes or the causal propagation of fluctuations. We also examine\nthe holographic hydrodynamics, commenting on the shear viscosity as well as the\nrelaxation time. The latter allows us to consider causality constraints arising\nfrom the second-order truncated theory of hydrodynamics.\n" }, { "id": "da3eb0fe-5341-4bbb-a27d-88a09ccc9b77", "adv_source_id": "da3eb0fe-5341-4bbb-a27d-88a09ccc9b77", "source_id": "da3eb0fe-5341-4bbb-a27d-88a09ccc9b77", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Relations between matrix elements of different weak interactions and\n interpretation of the PNC and EDM measurements in atoms and molecules", "prompt": null, "generation": " The relations between matrix elements of different P- and T-odd weak\ninteractions are derived.\n We demonstrate that similar relations hold for parity nonconserving (PNC)\ntransition amplitudes and electron electric dipole moments (EDM) of atoms and\nmolecules. This allows to express P- and T-odd effects in many-electron systems\ncaused by different symmetry-breaking mechanisms via each other using simple\nanalytical formulas. We use these relations for the interpretation of the\nanapole moment measurements in cesium and thallium and for the analysis of the\nrelative contributions of the scalar-pseudoscalar CP-odd weak interaction and\nelectron EDM to the EDM of Cs, Tl, Fr and other atoms and many polar molecules\n(YbF, PbO, ThO, etc.). Model-independent limits on electron EDM and the\nparameter of the scalar-pseudoscalar CP-odd interaction are found from the\nanalysis of the EDM measurements for Tl and YbF.\n" }, { "id": "5cea4bab-5982-4774-a540-f43571f864dd", "adv_source_id": "5cea4bab-5982-4774-a540-f43571f864dd", "source_id": "5cea4bab-5982-4774-a540-f43571f864dd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An analytical treatment of in-plane magnetotransport in the\n Falicov-Sievert model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive an analytical expression which allows efficient computation of the\neffect of all the Fermi surface trajectories induced by a combination of Bragg\nscattering and magnetic breakdown on the in-plane components of the resistivity\ntensor. The particular network of coupled orbits which we consider was first\nformulated by Falicov and Sievert, who studied the problem numerically. Our\napproach, based upon a method used previously to derive an analytical solution\nfor interlayer transport, allows us to show that the conductivity tensor can be\nwritten as a sum of a matrix representing the effect of total magnetic\nbreakdown and one representing a combination of complex electronic\ntrajectories, and we find a compact expression for the in-plane components of\nthe resistivity tensor that can be evaluated straightforwardly.\n" }, { "id": "894140e6-380b-48dd-9aeb-ee186c94bdc1", "adv_source_id": "894140e6-380b-48dd-9aeb-ee186c94bdc1", "source_id": "894140e6-380b-48dd-9aeb-ee186c94bdc1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Brownian motion of a charged test particle driven by vacuum fluctuations\n near a dielectric half-space", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the Brownian motion of a charged test particle driven by quantum\nelectromagnetic fluctuations in the vacuum region near a non-dispersive and\nnon-absorbing dielectric half-space and calculate the mean squared fluctuations\nin the velocity of the test particle. Our results show that a nonzero\nsusceptibility of the dielectrics has its imprints on the velocity dispersions\nof the test particles. The most noteworthy feature in sharp contrast to the\ncase of an idealized perfectly conducting interface is that the velocity\ndispersions in the parallel directions are no longer negative and does not die\noff in time, suggesting that the potentially problematic negativeness of the\ndispersions in those directions in the case of perfect conductors is just a\nresult of our idealization and does not occur for real material boundaries.\n" }, { "id": "9e531115-12ee-4074-b4c7-a29a9f84b7a7", "adv_source_id": "9e531115-12ee-4074-b4c7-a29a9f84b7a7", "source_id": "9e531115-12ee-4074-b4c7-a29a9f84b7a7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On connecting the dynamics of the chromosphere and transition region\n with Hinode SOT and EIS", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use coordinated Hinode SOT/EIS observations that include high-resolution\nmagnetograms, chromospheric and TR imaging and TR/coronal spectra in a first\ntest to study how the dynamics of the TR are driven by the highly dynamic\nphotospheric magnetic fields and the ubiquitous chromospheric waves. Initial\nanalysis shows that these connections are quite subtle and require a\ncombination of techniques including magnetic field extrapolations,\nfrequency-filtered time-series and comparisons with synthetic chromospheric and\nTR images from advanced 3D numerical simulations. As a first result, we find\nsignatures of magnetic flux emergence as well as 3 and 5 mHz wave power above\nregions of enhanced photospheric magnetic field in both chromospheric,\ntransition region and coronal emission.\n" }, { "id": "4970d178-f74a-4e6e-8e93-27b39611656c", "adv_source_id": "4970d178-f74a-4e6e-8e93-27b39611656c", "source_id": "4970d178-f74a-4e6e-8e93-27b39611656c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Derivation of the Exact Internal Energies for Spin Glass Models by\n Applying the Gauge Theory to the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Representation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive the exact internal energies and the rigorous upper bounds of\nspecific heats for several spin glass models by applying the gauge theory to\nthe Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation which is a representation based on a\npercolation picture for spin-spin correlation. The results are derived on the\nNishimori lines which are special lines on the phase diagrams. As the spin\nglass models, the +-J Ising model and a Potts gauge glass model are studied.\nThe present solutions agree with the previous solutions. The derivation of the\nsolutions by the present method must be useful for understanding the\nrelationship between the percolation picture for spin-spin correlation and the\nphysical quantities on the Nishimori line.\n" }, { "id": "cf34f460-e3f4-46d9-a109-a55e72feff68", "adv_source_id": "cf34f460-e3f4-46d9-a109-a55e72feff68", "source_id": "cf34f460-e3f4-46d9-a109-a55e72feff68", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Approximate Principal Direction Trees", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a new spatial data structure for high dimensional data called\nthe \\emph{approximate principal direction tree} (APD tree) that adapts to the\nintrinsic dimension of the data. Our algorithm ensures vector-quantization\naccuracy similar to that of computationally-expensive PCA trees with similar\ntime-complexity to that of lower-accuracy RP trees.\n APD trees use a small number of power-method iterations to find splitting\nplanes for recursively partitioning the data. As such they provide a natural\ntrade-off between the running-time and accuracy achieved by RP and PCA trees.\nOur theoretical results establish a) strong performance guarantees regardless\nof the convergence rate of the power-method and b) that $O(\\log d)$ iterations\nsuffice to establish the guarantee of PCA trees when the intrinsic dimension is\n$d$. We demonstrate this trade-off and the efficacy of our data structure on\nboth the CPU and GPU.\n" }, { "id": "99ba7d61-af5f-48bc-941c-d1d44c8ee624", "adv_source_id": "99ba7d61-af5f-48bc-941c-d1d44c8ee624", "source_id": "99ba7d61-af5f-48bc-941c-d1d44c8ee624", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Environment of Sy1, Sy2 & Bright IRAS Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a 3-dimensional study of the local (< 100 kpc) environment of Sy1,\nSy2 and Bright IRAS Galaxies. For this purpose we use three galaxy samples\n(Sy1, Sy2, BIRG) located at high galactic latitudes as well as three control\nsample of non-active galaxies having the same morphological, redshift and\ndiameter size distributions as the corresponding Seyfert or BIRG sample. Using\nthe CfA2 and SSRS galaxy catalogues as well as our own spectroscopic\nobservations, we find that the fraction of BIRGs with a close neighbor is\nsignificantly higher than that of their control sample. We also find that Sy2\ngalaxies demonstrate the same behaviour with BIRG galaxies but not with Sy1s\nwhich do not show any excess of companions with respect to their control sample\ngalaxies. An additional analysis of the relation between FIR colors and\nactivity type of the BIRG's shows a significant difference between the colors\nof strongly-interacting and non-interacting starbursts and a resemblance\nbetween the colors of non-interacting starbursts and Sy2s.Our results support\nan evolutionary scenario leading from Starbursting to a Sy2 and finally to an\nunobscured Sy1 galaxy, where close interactions play the role of the triggering\nmechanism.\n" }, { "id": "b5e92933-c54c-49e9-95a3-35431bb190c7", "adv_source_id": "b5e92933-c54c-49e9-95a3-35431bb190c7", "source_id": "b5e92933-c54c-49e9-95a3-35431bb190c7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ensemble Pulsar Time Scale", "prompt": null, "generation": " The algorithm of the ensemble pulsar time scale (PT$_{\\rm ens}$) based on the\noptimal Wiener filtration method has been proposed. This algorithm allows the\nseparation of the contributions to the post-fit pulsar timing residuals of the\natomic clock and pulsar itself. Filters were designed with the use of the\ncross-spectra of the timing residuals. The method has been applied to the\ntiming data of six millisecond pulsars. Direct comparison with the classical\nmethod of the weighted average showed that use of the optimal Wiener filters\nbefore averaging allows noticeably to improve the fractional instability of the\nensemble time scale. Application of the proposed method to the most stable\nmillisecond pulsars with the fractional instability $\\sigma_z < 10^{-15}$ may\nimprove the fractional instability of PT$_{\\rm ens}$ up to the level $\\sim\n10^{-16}$.\n" }, { "id": "3f5d30cf-3ba1-442d-87da-bd8d7b01c0b1", "adv_source_id": "3f5d30cf-3ba1-442d-87da-bd8d7b01c0b1", "source_id": "3f5d30cf-3ba1-442d-87da-bd8d7b01c0b1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cremona maps defined by monomials", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cremona maps defined by monomials of degree 2 are thoroughly analyzed and\nclassified via integer arithmetic and graph combinatorics. In particular, the\nstructure of the inverse map to such a monomial Cremona map is made very\nexplicit as is the degree of its monomial defining coordinates. As a special\ncase, one proves that any monomial Cremona map of degree 2 has inverse of\ndegree 2 if and only if it is an involution up to permutation in the source and\nin the target. This statement is subsumed in a recent result of L. Pirio and F.\nRusso, but the proof is entirely different and holds in all characteristics.\nOne unveils a close relationship binding together the normality of a monomial\nideal, monomial Cremona maps and Hilbert bases of polyhedral cones. The latter\nsuggests that facets of monomial Cremona theory may be NP-hard.\n" }, { "id": "20c9fc56-34a9-4ad9-8fde-a006637c1063", "adv_source_id": "20c9fc56-34a9-4ad9-8fde-a006637c1063", "source_id": "20c9fc56-34a9-4ad9-8fde-a006637c1063", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Polynomial reformulation of the Kuo criteria for v-sufficiency of\n map-germs", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the paper a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for\n\\textit{v-}sufficiency (equiv. \\textit{sv-}sufficiency) of jets of map-germs\n$f:(\\mathbb{R}^{n},0)\\to (\\mathbb{R}^{m},0)$ is proved which generalize both\nthe Kuiper-Kuo and the Thom conditions in the function case ($m=1$) so as the\nKuo conditions in the general map case ($m>1$). Contrary to the Kuo conditions\nthe conditions proved in the paper do not require to verify any inequalities in\na so-called horn-neighborhood of the (a'priori unknown) set $f^{-1}(0)$.\nInstead, the proposed conditions reduce the problem on \\textit{v-}sufficiency\nof jets to evaluating the local {\\L}ojasiewicz exponents for some\nconstructively built polynomial functions.\n" }, { "id": "50859f1a-6c6d-4dfa-be4b-a0a3de9d1b9e", "adv_source_id": "50859f1a-6c6d-4dfa-be4b-a0a3de9d1b9e", "source_id": "50859f1a-6c6d-4dfa-be4b-a0a3de9d1b9e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Radial thermal expansion of pure and Xe-saturated bundles of\n single-walled carbon nanotubes at low temperatures", "prompt": null, "generation": " The radial thermal expansion coefficient (a)r of pure and Xe-saturated\nbundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes has been measured in the interval\n2.2-120 K. The coefficient is positive above T = 5.5 K and negative at lower\ntemperatures. The experiment was made using a low temperature capacitance\ndilatometer with a sensitivity of 2x10-9 cm and the sample was prepared by\ncompacting a CNT powder such that the pressure applied oriented the nanotube\naxes perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical sample. The data show that\nindividual nanotubes have a negative thermal expansion while the solid\ncompacted material has a positive expansion coefficient due to expansion of the\nintertube volume in the bundles. Doping the nanotubes with Xe caused a sharp\nincrease in the magnitude of (a)r in the whole range of temperatures used, and\na peak in the dependence (a)r (T) in the interval 50-65 K. A subsequent\ndecrease in the Xe concentration lowered the peak considerably but had little\neffect on the thermal expansion coefficient of the sample outside the region of\nthe peak. The features revealed have been explained qualitatively.\n" }, { "id": "3634bbbe-bda7-409e-8c3f-62bb98163d1c", "adv_source_id": "3634bbbe-bda7-409e-8c3f-62bb98163d1c", "source_id": "3634bbbe-bda7-409e-8c3f-62bb98163d1c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Split Orders and Convex Polytopes in Buildings", "prompt": null, "generation": " As part of his work to develop an explicit trace formula for Hecke operators\non congruence subgroups of $SL_2(\\Z)$, Hijikata defines and characterizes the\nnotion of a split order in $M_2(k)$, where $k$ is a local field. In this paper,\nwe generalize the notion of a split order to $M_n(k)$ for $n>2$ and give a\nnatural geometric characterization in terms of the affine building for\n$SL_n(k)$. In particular, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence\nbetween split orders in $M_n(k)$ and a collection of convex polytopes in\napartments of the building such that the split order is the intersection of all\nthe maximal orders representing the vertices in the polytope. This generalizes\nthe geometric interpretation in the $n=2$ case in which split orders correspond\nto geodesics in the tree for $SL_2(k)$ with the split order given as the\nintersection of the endpoints of the geodesic.\n" }, { "id": "ccb1dc81-ec2a-46fc-b28a-403e68578281", "adv_source_id": "ccb1dc81-ec2a-46fc-b28a-403e68578281", "source_id": "ccb1dc81-ec2a-46fc-b28a-403e68578281", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Comparison of dark energy models: A perspective from the latest\n observational data", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we compare some popular dark energy models under the\nassumption of a flat universe by using the latest observational data including\nthe type Ia supernovae Constitution compilation, the baryon acoustic\noscillation measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the cosmic microwave\nbackground measurement given by the seven-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy\nProbe observations and the determination of $H_0$ from the Hubble Space\nTelescope. Model comparison statistics such as the Bayesian and Akaike\ninformation criteria are applied to assess the worth of the models. These\nstatistics favor models that give a good fit with fewer parameters. Based on\nthis analysis, we find that the simplest cosmological constant model that has\nonly one free parameter is still preferred by the current data. For other\ndynamical dark energy models, we find that some of them, such as the $\\alpha$\ndark energy, constant $w$, generalized Chaplygin gas,\nChevalliear-Polarski-Linder parametrization, and holographic dark energy\nmodels, can provide good fits to the current data, and three of them, namely,\nthe Ricci dark energy, agegraphic dark energy, and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati\nmodels, are clearly disfavored by the data.\n" }, { "id": "efd1e938-4978-4d19-b236-6a69e5daa8eb", "adv_source_id": "efd1e938-4978-4d19-b236-6a69e5daa8eb", "source_id": "efd1e938-4978-4d19-b236-6a69e5daa8eb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pseudo-Newtonian Potentials for Nearly Parabolic Orbits", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a pseudo-Newtonian potential which, to within 1% error at all\nangular momenta, reproduces the precession due to general relativity of\nparticles whose specific orbital energy is small compared to c^2 in the\nSchwarzschild metric. For bound orbits the constraint of low energy is\nequivalent to requiring the apoapsis of a particle to be large compared to the\nSchwarzschild radius. Such low energy orbits are ubiquitous close to\nsupermassive black holes in galactic nuclei, but the potential is relevant in\nany context containing particles on low energy orbits. Like the more complex\npost-Newtonian expressions, the potential correctly reproduces the precession\nin the far-field, but also correctly reproduces the position and magnitude of\nthe logarithmic divergence in precession for low angular momentum orbits. An\nadditional advantage lies in its simplicity, both in computation and\nimplementation. We also provide two simpler, but less accurate potentials, for\ncases where orbits always remain at large angular momenta, or when the extra\naccuracy is not needed. In all of the presented cases the accuracy in\nprecession in low energy orbits exceeds that of the well known potential of\nPaczynski & Wiita (1980), which has ~30% error in the precession at all angular\nmomenta.\n" }, { "id": "d53b55fc-d8a9-4ae2-9986-c922854ad644", "adv_source_id": "d53b55fc-d8a9-4ae2-9986-c922854ad644", "source_id": "d53b55fc-d8a9-4ae2-9986-c922854ad644", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The BCS-like gap in superconductor SmFeAsO_0.85F_0.15", "prompt": null, "generation": " Since the discovery of superconductivity in the cuprates two decades ago, it\nhas been firmly established that the CuO_2 plane is consequential for high T_C\nsuperconductivity and a host of other very unusual properties. A new family of\nsuperconductors with the general composition of LaFeAsO_(1-x)F_x has recently\nbeen discovered but with the conspicuous lacking of the CuO_2 planes, thus\nraising the tantalizing questions of the different pairing mechanisms in these\noxypnictide superconductors. Intimately related to pairing in a superconductor\nare the superconducting gap, its value, structure, and temperature dependence.\nHere we report the observation of a single gap in the superconductor\nSmFeAsO_0.85F_0.15 with T_C = 42 K as measured by Andreev spectroscopy. The gap\nvalue of 2Delta = 13.34+/-0.3 meV gives 2Delta/k_BT_C = 3.68, close to the BCS\nprediction of 3.53. The gap decreases with temperature and vanishes at T_C in a\nmanner consistent with the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) prediction but\ndramatically different from that of the pseudogap behavior in the cuprate\nsuperconductors. Our results clearly indicate a nodeless gap order parameter,\nwhich is nearly isotropic in size across different sections of the Fermi\nsurface, and are not compatible with models involving antiferromagnetic\nfluctuations, strong correlations, t-J model, and the like, originally designed\nfor cuprates.\n" }, { "id": "5a9d08dd-89f7-47fc-a206-44e59e1ab240", "adv_source_id": "5a9d08dd-89f7-47fc-a206-44e59e1ab240", "source_id": "5a9d08dd-89f7-47fc-a206-44e59e1ab240", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Direction-Dependent Polarised Primary Beams in Wide-Field Synthesis\n Imaging", "prompt": null, "generation": " The process of wide-field synthesis imaging is explored, with the aim of\nunderstanding the implications of variable, polarised primary beams for\nforthcoming Epoch of Reionisation experiments. These experiments seek to detect\nweak signatures from redshifted 21cm emission in deep residual datasets, after\nsuppression and subtraction of foreground emission. Many subtraction algorithms\nbenefit from low side-lobes and polarisation leakage at the outset, and both of\nthese are intimately linked to how the polarised primary beams are handled.\nBuilding on previous contributions from a number of authors, in which\ndirection-dependent corrections are incorporated into visibility gridding\nkernels, we consider the special characteristics of arrays of fixed dipole\nantennas operating around 100-200 MHz, looking towards instruments such as the\nSquare Kilometre Array (SKA) and the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Arrays\n(HERA). We show that integrating snapshots in the image domain can help to\nproduce compact gridding kernels, and also reduce the need to make complicated\npolarised leakage corrections during gridding. We also investigate an\nalternative form for the gridding kernel that can suppress variations in the\ndirection-dependent weighting of gridded visibilities by 10s of dB, while\nmaintaining compact support.\n" }, { "id": "f8f45553-4a18-416c-948e-f93afe18edd4", "adv_source_id": "f8f45553-4a18-416c-948e-f93afe18edd4", "source_id": "f8f45553-4a18-416c-948e-f93afe18edd4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spitzer-MIPS Observations of the eta Cha Young Association", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have mapped the eta Chamaeleontis young stellar association in the\nfar-infrared with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) on the\nSpitzer Space Telescope. All sixteen members within the map region were\ndetected at 24 um, along with five members at 70 um and two at 160 um. Ten\nstars show far-infrared excess emission indicating the presence of\ncircumstellar disks; six of these have central clearings as evidenced by the\nonset of excess emission at >5 um. No new infrared excess sources are\nidentified among the 113 2MASS field stars with 24 um photometry but not seen\nas X-ray sources, indicating that membership lists derived from X-ray surveys\nare reasonably complete. Circumstellar disks in the eta Cha association span\nthe range from 1e-1 to 1e-4 in their fractional infrared luminosity, with a\nmedian Ldust /Lstar of 0.04. The presence of optically thick, optically thin,\nand intermediate optical depth disks within the same stellar group, in\ncombination with the large fraction of disks with inner holes, indicates that\nthe Cha association represents a crucial stage in circumstellar disk evolution.\n" }, { "id": "cdd793c3-2754-4191-9cf5-3a388739c703", "adv_source_id": "cdd793c3-2754-4191-9cf5-3a388739c703", "source_id": "cdd793c3-2754-4191-9cf5-3a388739c703", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Higher-order brane gravity models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss a very general theory of gravity, of which Lagrangian is an\narbitrary function of the curvature invariants, on the brane. In general, the\nformulation of the junction conditions (except for Euler characteristics such\nas Gauss-Bonnet term) leads to the powers of the delta function and requires\nregularization. We suggest the way to avoid such a problem by imposing the\nmetric and its first derivative to be regular at the brane, the second\nderivative to have a kink, the third derivative of the metric to have a step\nfunction discontinuity, and no sooner as the fourth derivative of the metric to\ngive the delta function contribution to the field equations. Alternatively, we\ndiscuss the reduction of the fourth-order gravity to the second order theory by\nintroducing extra scalar and tensor fields: the scalaron and the tensoron. In\norder to obtain junction conditions we apply two methods: the application of\nthe Gauss-Codazzi formalism and the application of the generalized\nGibbons-Hawking boundary terms which are appended to the appropriate actions.\nIn the most general case we derive junction conditions without assuming the\ncontinuity of the scalaron and the tensoron on the brane. The derived junction\nconditions can serve studying the cosmological implications of the higher-order\nbrane gravity models.\n" }, { "id": "51dc6e86-c0a8-43ea-86b8-0861fe1e5af8", "adv_source_id": "51dc6e86-c0a8-43ea-86b8-0861fe1e5af8", "source_id": "51dc6e86-c0a8-43ea-86b8-0861fe1e5af8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orbital periods of cataclysmic variables identified by the SDSS. IV.\n SDSS J220553.98+115553.7 has stopped pulsating", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present time-series VLT spectroscopy and NTT photometry of the cataclysmic\nvariable SDSS J220553.98+115553.7, which contains a pulsating white dwarf. We\ndetermine a spectroscopic orbital period of 82.825 +/- 0.089 min from velocity\nmeasurements of the Halpha emission line. A period analysis of the light curves\nreveals a dominant periodicity at 44.779 +/- 0.038 min which is not related to\nthe spectroscopic period. However, the light curves do not exhibit a variation\nat any frequency which is attributable to GW Lib type pulsations, to a\ndetection limit of 5 mmag. This non-detection is in contrast to previous\nstudies which have found three pulsation frequencies with amplitudes of 9 to 11\nmmag at optical wavelengths. Destructive interference and changes to the\nthermal properties of the driving layer in direct response to accretion can be\nruled out as causes of the non-detection. Alternatively, it is feasible that\nthe object has cooled out of the instability strip since a previous\n(unobserved) dwarf nova superoutburst. This would be the first time this\nbehaviour has been seen in a cataclysmic variable pulsator. Another possibility\nis that changes in the surface characteristics, possibly induced by accretion\nphenomena, have modified the surface visibility of the pulsation modes. Further\nobservations, particularly improved constraints on the timescale for changes in\nthe mode spectrum, are needed to distinguish among possible explanations.\n" }, { "id": "6ae371c7-4b63-4b2c-92a1-b464ceb5cf19", "adv_source_id": "6ae371c7-4b63-4b2c-92a1-b464ceb5cf19", "source_id": "6ae371c7-4b63-4b2c-92a1-b464ceb5cf19", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An efficient all-optical switch using a lambda atom in a cavity QED\n system", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose an all-optical switch constructed from a two-mode optical\nresonator containing a strongly coupled, three-state system. The coupling\nallows a weak, continuous wave laser drive to incoherently control the\ntransmission of a much stronger, continuous wave signal laser into (and\nthrough) the resonator. We demonstrate that in this simple setup the presence\nof a control drive with one tenth the power of the signal drive can induce near\ncomplete reflection of the signal, while its absence allows for near complete\ntransmission. The switch can also be operated as a set-reset relay with two\ncontrol inputs that efficiently drive the switch into either the reflecting or\nthe transmitting state.\n" }, { "id": "18efcd32-ad3d-430c-8a22-9befe006d776", "adv_source_id": "18efcd32-ad3d-430c-8a22-9befe006d776", "source_id": "18efcd32-ad3d-430c-8a22-9befe006d776", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Linear Complementarity Algorithms for Infinite Games", "prompt": null, "generation": " The performance of two pivoting algorithms, due to Lemke and Cottle and\nDantzig, is studied on linear complementarity problems (LCPs) that arise from\ninfinite games, such as parity, average-reward, and discounted games. The\nalgorithms have not been previously studied in the context of infinite games,\nand they offer alternatives to the classical strategy-improvement algorithms.\nThe two algorithms are described purely in terms of discounted games, thus\nbypassing the reduction from the games to LCPs, and hence facilitating a better\nunderstanding of the algorithms when applied to games. A family of parity games\nis given, on which both algorithms run in exponential time, indicating that in\nthe worst case they perform no better for parity, average-reward, or discounted\ngames than they do for general P-matrix LCPs.\n" }, { "id": "b01d92a6-3c97-42ce-b6b0-23ceceaae0b0", "adv_source_id": "b01d92a6-3c97-42ce-b6b0-23ceceaae0b0", "source_id": "b01d92a6-3c97-42ce-b6b0-23ceceaae0b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interband nodal-region pairing and the antinodal pseudogap in hole doped\n cuprates", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent experimental findings show that the pairing interaction in hole-doped\ncuprates resides in the nodal (FS arcs) region accompanied by the separate\nantinodal pseudogap. A corresponding multiband model of cuprate\nsuperconductivity is developed. It is based on the electronic spectrum evolving\nwith doping and extends authors earlier approaches. The leading pair-transfer\ninteraction is supposed between the itinerant (mainly oxygen) band and a nodal\ndefect (polaron) band created by doping. These components are overlapping. The\ndefect subband created in the antinodal region of the momentum space does not\nparticipate in the pairing by symmetry arguments. A supposed bare gap\nseparating it from the itinerant band top disappears with extended doping. The\ncorresponding antinodal pseudogap appears as a perturbative band structure\neffect. The low energy excitation spectrum treated in the mean-field\napproximation includes two nodal superconducting gaps and one pseudogap. The\nbehaviour of these gaps and of other pairing characteristics agree\nqualitatively with the observations on the whole doping scale.\n" }, { "id": "b7915ccb-2e82-4a65-9157-37de7ff4f8a2", "adv_source_id": "b7915ccb-2e82-4a65-9157-37de7ff4f8a2", "source_id": "b7915ccb-2e82-4a65-9157-37de7ff4f8a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modification of the magnetic tunnel junction properties", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the electro-physical properties of the Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel\njunctions (MTJ). Sample structures are fabricated on top of glass-ceramic\nsubstrates by e-beam evaporation in a relatively low vacuum (~10^-4 Torr). The\ninfluence of the first magnetic layer fabrication conditions on the degradation\nof the MTJ is explained by the interlayer diffusion. Various models of\nelectro-physical processes in MTJ on polycrystalline substrates are discussed.\nThe current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated structures are\nfound to exhibit the region with the negative differential resistance, similar\nto the one in tunneling diodes. We explain this phenomenon by the formation of\nexcitons in the MgO layer modified by impurities. Obtained results will be\nuseful in the development of MRAM devices containing MTJs and tunneling diodes.\n" }, { "id": "5a4b26e7-a537-48b8-bad1-192db3c59d55", "adv_source_id": "5a4b26e7-a537-48b8-bad1-192db3c59d55", "source_id": "5a4b26e7-a537-48b8-bad1-192db3c59d55", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum state preparation and macroscopic entanglement in\n gravitational-wave detectors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Long-baseline laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors are operating\nat a factor of 10 (in amplitude) above the standard quantum limit (SQL) within\na broad frequency band. Such a low classical noise budget has already allowed\nthe creation of a controlled 2.7 kg macroscopic oscillator with an effective\neigenfrequency of 150 Hz and an occupation number of 200. This result, along\nwith the prospect for further improvements, heralds the new possibility of\nexperimentally probing macroscopic quantum mechanics (MQM) - quantum mechanical\nbehavior of objects in the realm of everyday experience - using\ngravitational-wave detectors. In this paper, we provide the mathematical\nfoundation for the first step of a MQM experiment: the preparation of a\nmacroscopic test mass into a nearly minimum-Heisenberg-limited Gaussian quantum\nstate, which is possible if the interferometer's classical noise beats the SQL\nin a broad frequency band. Our formalism, based on Wiener filtering, allows a\nstraightforward conversion from the classical noise budget of a laser\ninterferometer, in terms of noise spectra, into the strategy for quantum state\npreparation, and the quality of the prepared state. Using this formalism, we\nconsider how Gaussian entanglement can be built among two macroscopic test\nmasses, and the performance of the planned Advanced LIGO interferometers in\nquantum-state preparation.\n" }, { "id": "ee44cf40-6525-43dd-bb93-375749ce1811", "adv_source_id": "ee44cf40-6525-43dd-bb93-375749ce1811", "source_id": "ee44cf40-6525-43dd-bb93-375749ce1811", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The sub-solar Initial Mass Function in the Large Magellanic Cloud", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Magellanic Clouds offer a unique variety of star forming regions seen as\nbright nebulae of ionized gas, related to bright young stellar associations.\nNowadays, observations with the high resolving efficiency of the Hubble Space\nTelescope allow the detection of the faintest infant stars, and a more complete\npicture of clustered star formation in our dwarf neighbors has emerged. I\npresent results from our studies of the Magellanic Clouds, with emphasis in the\nyoung low-mass pre-main sequence populations. Our data include imaging with the\nAdvanced Camera for Surveys of the association LH~95 in the Large Magellanic\nCloud, the deepest observations ever taken with HST of this galaxy. I discuss\nour findings in terms of the Initial Mass Function, which we constructed with\nan unprecedented completeness down to the sub-solar regime, as the outcome of\nstar formation in the low-metallicity environment of the LMC.\n" }, { "id": "eb4348df-a0a6-47e6-813a-2ebfa465eb74", "adv_source_id": "eb4348df-a0a6-47e6-813a-2ebfa465eb74", "source_id": "eb4348df-a0a6-47e6-813a-2ebfa465eb74", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Laser photon merging in proton-laser collisions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The quantum electrodynamical vacuum polarization effects arising in the\ncollision of a high-energy proton beam and a strong, linearly polarized laser\nfield are investigated. The probability that laser photons merge into one\nphoton by interacting with the proton`s electromagnetic field is calculated\ntaking into account the laser field exactly. Asymptotics of the probability are\nthen derived according to different experimental setups suitable for detecting\nperturbative and nonperturbative vacuum polarization effects. The\nexperimentally most feasible setup involves the use of a strong optical laser\nfield. It is shown that in this case measurements of the polarization of the\noutgoing photon and and of its angular distribution provide promising tools to\ndetect these effects for the first time.\n" }, { "id": "6df729d3-5f5d-4849-a0d1-580619902408", "adv_source_id": "6df729d3-5f5d-4849-a0d1-580619902408", "source_id": "6df729d3-5f5d-4849-a0d1-580619902408", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Test of Pre-Main-Sequence Lithium Depletion Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Despite the extensive study of lithium depletion during pre-main-sequence\ncontraction, studies of individual stars show discrepancies between ages\ndetermined from the HR diagram and ages determined from lithium depletion (Song\net al. 2002, White & Hillenbrand 2005) indicating open questions in the\npre-main-sequence evolutionary models. To further test these models, we present\nhigh resolution spectra for members of the Beta Pictoris Moving Group (BPMG),\nwhich is young and nearby. We measure equivalent widths of the 6707.8 Angstrom\nLi I line in these stars and use them to determine lithium abundances. We\ncombine the lithium abundance with the predictions of pre-main-sequence\nevolutionary models in order to calculate a lithium depletion age for each\nstar. We compare this age to the age predicted by the HR diagram of the same\nmodel. We find that the evolutionary models under-predict the amount of lithium\ndepletion for the BPMG given its nominal HR diagram age of ~12 Myr (Zuckerman\net al. 2001), particularly for the mid-M stars, which have no observable Li I\nline. This results in systematically older ages calculated from lithium\ndepletion isochrones than from the HR diagram. We suggest that this discrepancy\nmay be related to the discrepancy between measured M-dwarf radii and the\nsmaller radii predicted by evolutionary models.\n" }, { "id": "7cb26f65-c15c-4260-a85d-0dc4d742924f", "adv_source_id": "7cb26f65-c15c-4260-a85d-0dc4d742924f", "source_id": "7cb26f65-c15c-4260-a85d-0dc4d742924f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Clustering of Extremely Red Objects", "prompt": null, "generation": " We measure the clustering of Extremely Red Objects (EROs) in ~8 deg^2 of the\nNOAO Deep Wide Field Survey Bo\\\"otes field in order to establish robust links\nbetween ERO z~1.2 and local galaxy z<0.1 populations. Three different color\nselection criteria from the literature are analyzed to assess the consequences\nof using different criteria for selecting EROs. Specifically, our samples are\n(R-K_s)>5.0 (28,724 galaxies), (I-K_s)>4.0 (22,451 galaxies) and (I-[3.6])>5.0\n(64,370 galaxies). Magnitude-limited samples show the correlation length (r_0)\nto increase for more luminous EROs, implying a correlation with stellar mass.\nWe can separate star-forming and passive ERO populations using the (K_s-[24])\nand ([3.6]-[24]) colors to K_s=18.4 and [3.6]=17.5, respectively. Star-forming\nand passive EROs in magnitude limited samples have different clustering\nproperties and host dark halo masses, and cannot be simply understood as a\nsingle population. Based on the clustering, we find that bright passive EROs\nare the likely progenitors of >4L^* elliptical galaxies. Bright EROs with\nongoing star formation were found to occupy denser environments than\nstar-forming galaxies in the local Universe, making these the likely\nprogenitors of >L^* local ellipticals. This suggests that the progenitors of\nmassive >4L^* local ellipticals had stopped forming stars by z>1.2, but that\nthe progenitors of less massive ellipticals (down to L^*) can still show\nsignificant star formation at this epoch.\n" }, { "id": "2b9972d5-9b2b-4bd7-b007-d48ce547a96a", "adv_source_id": "2b9972d5-9b2b-4bd7-b007-d48ce547a96a", "source_id": "2b9972d5-9b2b-4bd7-b007-d48ce547a96a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Solving the Imaging Problem with Coherently Integrated Multiwavelength\n Data", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recovering images from optical interferometric observations is one of the\nmajor challenges in the field. Unlike the case of observations at radio\nwavelengths, in the optical the atmospheric turbulence changes the phases on a\nvery short time scale, which results in corrupted phase measurements. In order\nto overcome these limitations, several groups developed image reconstruction\ntechniques based only on squared visibility and closure phase information,\nwhich are unaffected by atmospheric turbulence. We present the results of two\ntechniques used by our group, which employed coherently integrated data from\nthe Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. Based on these techniques we were\nable to recover complex visibilities for several sources and image them using\nstandard radio imaging software. We describe these techniques, the corrections\napplied to the data, present the images of a few sources, and discuss the\nimplications of these results.\n" }, { "id": "11494fd1-f934-4d01-aadd-ff8641e0c392", "adv_source_id": "11494fd1-f934-4d01-aadd-ff8641e0c392", "source_id": "11494fd1-f934-4d01-aadd-ff8641e0c392", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Forward-Backward Top Asymmetry in a Singlet extension of the MSSM", "prompt": null, "generation": " The CDF and D0 collaborations have recently reported a large forward-backward\nasymmetry in the ttbar system which deviates from the next to-leading order QCD\nstandard model prediction. We study the asymmetry in the ttbar system within\nthe framework of singlet extensions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard\nModel. For this purpose, we introduce non-renormalizable couplings between\nfirst and third generation of quarks to scalars. We analyze two limiting cases\nof the model, characterized by the size of the supersymmetric mass for the\nsinglet superfield. We study both the small and large limits of this mass\nparameter. We find that in the region of small singlet supersymmetric mass we\ncan obtain a large asymmetry while being consistent with limits on the ttbar\nproduction cross section. These results are also consistent with constraints\narising from flavor physics, quark masses and top quark decays.\n" }, { "id": "177b860c-ea58-4316-92f6-cb2cf237db8e", "adv_source_id": "177b860c-ea58-4316-92f6-cb2cf237db8e", "source_id": "177b860c-ea58-4316-92f6-cb2cf237db8e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mid-infrared VISIR and Spitzer observations of the surroundings of the\n magnetar SGR 1806-20", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report mid-infrared observations of SGR 1806-20 and its environment - with\nthe highest spatial resolution in this domain to date - using ESO/VISIR in 2005\nand 2006, and we retrieved Spitzer/IRAC-MIPS archival data of the same field.\n We aimed at studying the mid-infrared emission of the stars associated with\nthe same cluster as SGR 1806-20, to detect variations that could be due to the\nhigh-energy activity of the magnetar through interaction with the dust. We also\naimed at studying the morphology of the cloud close to the centre of the\ncluster.\n We performed broadband photometry of three stars - LBV 1806-20, a WC9 and an\nO/B supergiant - on our VISIR images, as well as on the IRAC data. We then\nbuilt and fitted their broadband spectral energy distributions with a\ncombination of two absorbed black bodies, representing their stellar\ncomponents, as well as a possible mid-infrared excess, in order to derive their\nphysical parameters.\n We show that LBV 1806-20 and the WC9 star exhibit a mid-infrared excess,\nlikely because of the presence of circumstellar dust related to their winds. We\nalso show that only LBV 1806-20 had a variable flux over a period of two years,\nvariability which is due to its LBV nature rather than to a heating of the gas\nand dust cloud by the high-energy emission of SGR 1806-20. Finally, differences\nin the intrinsic absorptions of the three stars show an inhomogeneous structure\nof the density of the gas and dust cloud in the massive star cluster.\n" }, { "id": "145ffadd-11ec-47cd-bb38-35bcc31497aa", "adv_source_id": "145ffadd-11ec-47cd-bb38-35bcc31497aa", "source_id": "145ffadd-11ec-47cd-bb38-35bcc31497aa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Large deviations of ergodic counting processes: a statistical mechanics\n approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " The large-deviation method allows to characterize an ergodic counting process\nin terms of a thermodynamic frame where a free energy function determines the\nasymptotic non-stationary statistical properties of its fluctuations. Here, we\nstudy this formalism through a statistical mechanics approach, i.e., with an\nauxiliary counting process that maximizes an entropy function associated to the\nthermodynamic potential. We show that the realizations of this auxiliary\nprocess can be obtained after applying a conditional measurement scheme to the\noriginal ones, providing is this way an alternative measurement interpretation\nof the thermodynamic approach. General results are obtained for renewal\ncounting processes, i.e., those where the time intervals between consecutive\nevents are independent and defined by a unique waiting time distribution. The\nunderlying statistical mechanics is controlled by the same waiting time\ndistribution, rescaled by an exponential decay measured by the free energy\nfunction. A scale invariance, shift closure, and intermittence phenomena are\nobtained and interpreted in this context. Similar conclusions apply for\nnon-renewal processes when the memory between successive events is induced by a\nstochastic waiting time distribution.\n" }, { "id": "7d038421-fb32-4b68-9ca4-4a5ebf1e91ec", "adv_source_id": "7d038421-fb32-4b68-9ca4-4a5ebf1e91ec", "source_id": "7d038421-fb32-4b68-9ca4-4a5ebf1e91ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transforming metrics on a line bundle to the Okounkov body", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $L$ be a big holomorphic line bundle on a complex projective manifold\n$X.$ We show how to associate a convex function on the Okounkov body of $L$ to\nany continuous metric $\\psi$ on $L.$ We will call this the Chebyshev transform\nof $\\psi,$ denoted by $c[\\psi].$ Our main theorem states that the difference of\nmetric volume of $L$ with respect to two metrics, a notion introduced by\nBerman-Boucksom, is equal to the integral over the Okounkov body of the\ndifference of the Chebyshev transforms of the metrics. When the metrics have\npositive curvature the metric volume coincides with the Monge-Amp\\`ere energy,\nwhich is a well-known functional in K\\\"ahler-Einstein geometry and Arakelov\ngeometry. We show that this can be seen as a generalization of classical\nresults on Chebyshev constants and the Legendre transform of invariant metrics\non toric manifolds. As an application we prove the differentiability of the\nmetric volume in the cone of big metrized $\\mathbb{R}$-divisors. This\ngeneralizes the result of Boucksom-Favre-Jonsson on the differentiability of\nthe ordinary volume of big $\\mathbb{R}$-divisors and the result of\nBerman-Boucksom on the differentiability of the metric volume when the\nunderlying line bundle is fixed.\n" }, { "id": "a45811d9-ead6-4ba5-9197-8585bc918149", "adv_source_id": "a45811d9-ead6-4ba5-9197-8585bc918149", "source_id": "a45811d9-ead6-4ba5-9197-8585bc918149", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Practical Regularity Partitioning Algorithm and its Applications in\n Clustering", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we introduce a new clustering technique called Regularity\nClustering. This new technique is based on the practical variants of the two\nconstructive versions of the Regularity Lemma, a very useful tool in graph\ntheory. The lemma claims that every graph can be partitioned into pseudo-random\ngraphs. While the Regularity Lemma has become very important in proving\ntheoretical results, it has no direct practical applications so far. An\nimportant reason for this lack of practical applications is that the graph\nunder consideration has to be astronomically large. This requirement makes its\napplication restrictive in practice where graphs typically are much smaller. In\nthis paper we propose modifications of the constructive versions of the\nRegularity Lemma that work for smaller graphs as well. We call this the\nPractical Regularity partitioning algorithm. The partition obtained by this is\nused to build the reduced graph which can be viewed as a compressed\nrepresentation of the original graph. Then we apply a pairwise clustering\nmethod such as spectral clustering on this reduced graph to get a clustering of\nthe original graph that we call Regularity Clustering. We present results of\nusing Regularity Clustering on a number of benchmark datasets and compare them\nwith standard clustering techniques, such as $k$-means and spectral clustering.\nThese empirical results are very encouraging. Thus in this paper we report an\nattempt to harness the power of the Regularity Lemma for real-world\napplications.\n" }, { "id": "052b6719-658f-4954-96c0-76a7e7411803", "adv_source_id": "052b6719-658f-4954-96c0-76a7e7411803", "source_id": "052b6719-658f-4954-96c0-76a7e7411803", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Topological T-duality for torus bundles with monodromy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a simplified definition of topological T-duality that applies to\narbitrary torus bundles. The new definition does not involve Chern classes or\nspectral sequences, only gerbes and morphisms between them. All the familiar\ntopological conditions for T-duals are shown to follow. We determine necessary\nand sufficient conditions for existence of a T-dual in the case of affine torus\nbundles. This is general enough to include all principal torus bundles as well\nas torus bundles with arbitrary monodromy representations. We show that\nisomorphisms in twisted cohomology, twisted K-theory and of Courant algebroids\npersist in this general setting. We also give an example where twisted K-theory\ngroups can be computed by iterating T-duality.\n" }, { "id": "5b255c05-0309-48ca-9fa0-4ebc6f8c9e0d", "adv_source_id": "5b255c05-0309-48ca-9fa0-4ebc6f8c9e0d", "source_id": "5b255c05-0309-48ca-9fa0-4ebc6f8c9e0d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Implications for the structure of the relativistic jet from\n multiwavelength observations of NGC 6251", "prompt": null, "generation": " NGC 6251 is a luminous radio galaxy ~104 Mpc away that was detected\nsignificantly with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and before that with\nEGRET (onboard the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory). Different observational\nconstraints favor a nuclear origin for the gamma-ray emission. Here we present\na study of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the core of NGC 6251, and\ngive results of modeling in the one-zone synchrotron/SSC framework. The SSC\nmodel provides a good description of the radio to gamma-ray emission but, as\nfor other misaligned sources, predicts a lower Lorentz factor (\\Gamma~2.4) than\ntypically found when modeling blazars. If the blazar unification scenario is\ncorrect, this seems to point to the presence of at least two emitting regions\nin these objects, one with a higher and one with a lower Lorentz factor. The\nsolution of a structured jet, with a fast moving spine surrounded by a slow\nlayer, is explored and the consequences of the two models for the jet\nenergetics and evolution are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "4d20e083-c523-49c8-943f-5966a0656b86", "adv_source_id": "4d20e083-c523-49c8-943f-5966a0656b86", "source_id": "4d20e083-c523-49c8-943f-5966a0656b86", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Derivatives of tangent function and tangent numbers", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the paper, by induction, the Fa\\`a di Bruno formula, and some techniques\nin the theory of complex functions, the author finds explicit formulas for\nhigher order derivatives of the tangent and cotangent functions as well as\npowers of the sine and cosine functions, obtains explicit formulas for two Bell\npolynomials of the second kind for successive derivatives of sine and cosine\nfunctions, presents curious identities for the sine function, discovers\nexplicit formulas and recurrence relations for the tangent numbers, the\nBernoulli numbers, the Genocchi numbers, special values of the Euler\npolynomials at zero, and special values of the Riemann zeta function at even\nnumbers, and comments on five different forms of higher order derivatives for\nthe tangent function and on derivative polynomials of the tangent, cotangent,\nsecant, cosecant, hyperbolic tangent, and hyperbolic cotangent functions.\n" }, { "id": "61c81776-4c64-4ad9-a0c9-d23b285e172c", "adv_source_id": "61c81776-4c64-4ad9-a0c9-d23b285e172c", "source_id": "61c81776-4c64-4ad9-a0c9-d23b285e172c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Whole Genome Sequencing: Innovation Dream or Privacy Nightmare?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Over the past several years, DNA sequencing has emerged as one of the driving\nforces in life-sciences, paving the way for affordable and accurate whole\ngenome sequencing. As genomes represent the entirety of an organism's\nhereditary information, the availability of complete human genomes prompts a\nwide range of revolutionary applications. The hope for improving modern\nhealthcare and better understanding the human genome propels many interesting\nand challenging research frontiers. Unfortunately, however, the proliferation\nof human genomes amplifies worrisome privacy concerns, since a genome\nrepresents a treasure trove of highly personal and sensitive information. In\nthis article, we provide an overview of positive results and biomedical\nadvances in the field, and discuss privacy issues associated with human genomic\ninformation. Finally, we survey available privacy-enhancing technologies and\nlist a number of open research challenges.\n" }, { "id": "a59a0dbe-c208-4dbe-8563-ef47610c2b6f", "adv_source_id": "a59a0dbe-c208-4dbe-8563-ef47610c2b6f", "source_id": "a59a0dbe-c208-4dbe-8563-ef47610c2b6f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unusual Long and Luminous Optical Transient in the Subaru Deep Field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present observations of SDF-05M05, an unusual optical transient discovered\nin the Subaru Deep Field (SDF). The duration of the transient is > ~800 d in\nthe observer frame, and the maximum brightness during observation reached\napproximately 23 mag in the i' and z' bands. The faint host galaxy is clearly\nidentified in all 5 optical bands of the deep SDF images. The photometric\nredshift of the host yields z~0.6 and the corresponding absolute magnitude at\nmaximum is ~-20. This implies that this event shone with an absolute magnitude\nbrighter than -19 mag for approximately 300 d in the rest frame, which is\nsignificantly longer than a typical supernova and ultra-luminous supernova. The\ntotal radiated energy during our observation was 1x10^51 erg. The light curves\nand color evolution are marginally consistent with some of luminous IIn\nsupernova. We suggest that the transient may be a unique and peculiar supernova\nat intermediate redshift.\n" }, { "id": "0594b41b-1e90-40fa-aa0f-d24fa69f5a8b", "adv_source_id": "0594b41b-1e90-40fa-aa0f-d24fa69f5a8b", "source_id": "0594b41b-1e90-40fa-aa0f-d24fa69f5a8b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement, BEC, and superfluid-like behavior of two-mode photon\n systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " A system of two interacting photon modes, without constraints on the photon\nnumber, in the presence of a Kerr nonlinearity, exhibits BEC if the transfer\namplitude is greater than the mode frequency. A symmetry-breaking field (SBF)\ncan be introduced by taking into account a classical electron current. The\nground state, in the limit of small nonlinearity, becomes a squeezed state, and\nthus the modes become entangled. The smaller is the SBF, the greater is\nentanglement. Superfluid-like behavior is observed in the study of entanglement\ngrowth from an initial coherent state, since in the short-time range the growth\ndoes not depend on the SBF amplitude, and on the initial state amplitude. On\nthe other hand, the latter is the only parameter which determines entanglement\nin the absence of the SBF.\n" }, { "id": "969ba056-b3f7-4da6-9c53-946b7a3c20af", "adv_source_id": "969ba056-b3f7-4da6-9c53-946b7a3c20af", "source_id": "969ba056-b3f7-4da6-9c53-946b7a3c20af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Localization and clustering in the nuclear Fermi liquid", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the framework of nuclear energy density functionals we examine the\nconditions for single-nucleon localization and formation of cluster structures\nin finite nuclei. We propose to characterize localization by the ratio of the\ndispersion of single-nucleon wave functions to the average inter-nucleon\ndistance. This parameter generally increases with mass and describes the\ngradual transition from a hybrid phase in light nuclei, characterized by the\nspatial localization of individual nucleon states that leads to the formation\nof cluster structures, toward the Fermi liquid phase in heavier nuclei. Values\nof the localization parameter that correspond to a crystal phase cannot occur\nin finite nuclei. Typical length and energy scales in nuclei allow the\nformation of liquid drops, clusters, and halo structures.\n" }, { "id": "57d29020-6f7a-4e3d-8e78-4c16c2f07d6f", "adv_source_id": "57d29020-6f7a-4e3d-8e78-4c16c2f07d6f", "source_id": "57d29020-6f7a-4e3d-8e78-4c16c2f07d6f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Composite Invariants and Unoriented Topological String Amplitudes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Sinha and Vafa had conjectured that the $SO$ Chern-Simons gauge theory on\n$S^3$ must be dual to the closed $A$-model topological string on the\norientifold of a resolved conifold. Though the Chern-Simons free energy could\nbe rewritten in terms of the topological string amplitudes providing evidence\nfor the conjecture, we needed a novel idea in the context of Wilson loop\nobservables to extract cross-cap $c=0,1,2$ topological amplitudes. Recent paper\nof Marino based on the work of Morton and Ryder has clearly shown that the\ncomposite representation placed on the knots and links plays a crucial role to\nrewrite the topological string cross-cap $c=0$ amplitude. This enables\nextracting the unoriented cross-cap $c=2$ topological amplitude. In this paper,\nwe have explicitly worked out the composite invariants for some framed knots\nand links carrying composite representations in U(N) Chern-Simons theory. We\nhave verified generalised Rudolph's theorem, which relates composite invariants\nto the invariants in SO(N) Chern-Simons theory, and also verified Marino's\nconjectures on the integrality properties of the topological string amplitudes.\nFor some framed knots and links, we have tabulated the BPS integer invariants\nfor cross-cap $c=0$, $c=1$ and $c=2$ giving the open-string topological\namplitude on the orientifold of the resolved conifold.\n" }, { "id": "0fdef332-2843-4567-b3b6-6be481455dba", "adv_source_id": "0fdef332-2843-4567-b3b6-6be481455dba", "source_id": "0fdef332-2843-4567-b3b6-6be481455dba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonequilibrium representative ensembles for isolated quantum systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " An isolated quantum system is considered, prepared in a nonequilibrium\ninitial state. In order to uniquely define the system dynamics, one has to\nconstruct a representative statistical ensemble. From the principle of least\naction it follows that the role of the evolution generator is played by a grand\nHamiltonian, but not merely by its energy part. A theorem is proved expressing\nthe commutators of field operators with operator products through variational\nderivatives of these products. A consequence of this theorem is the equivalence\nof the variational equations for field operators with the Heisenberg equations\nfor the latter. A finite quantum system cannot equilibrate in the strict sense.\nBut it can tend to a quasi-stationary state characterized by ergodic averages\nand the appropriate representative ensemble depending on initial conditions.\nMicrocanonical ensemble, arising in the eigenstate thermalization, is just a\nparticular case of representative ensembles. Quasi-stationary representative\nensembles are defined by the principle of minimal information. The latter also\nimplies the minimization of an effective thermodynamic potential.\n" }, { "id": "026cc82a-2252-44da-97d6-19dee3759326", "adv_source_id": "026cc82a-2252-44da-97d6-19dee3759326", "source_id": "026cc82a-2252-44da-97d6-19dee3759326", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The X-ray Power Spectral Density Function and Black Hole Mass Estimate\n for the Seyfert AGN IC 4329a", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the X-ray broadband power spectral density function (PSD) of the\nX-ray-luminous Seyfert IC 4329a, constructed from light curves obtained via\nRossi X-ray Timing Explorer monitoring and an XMM-Newton observation. Modeling\nthe 3-10 keV PSD using a broken power-law PSD shape, a break in power-law slope\nis significantly detected at a temporal frequency of 2.5(+2.5,-1.7) * 10^-6 Hz,\nwhich corresponds to a PSD break time scale T_b of 4.6(+10.1,-2.3) days. Using\nthe relation between T_b, black hole mass M_BH, and bolometric luminosity as\nquantified by McHardy and coworkers, we infer a black hole mass estimate of\nM_BH = 1.3(+1.0,-0.3) * 10^8 solar masses and an accretion rate relative to\nEddington of 0.21(+0.06,-0.10) for this source. Our estimate of M_BH is\nconsistent with other estimates, including that derived by the relation between\nM_BH and stellar velocity dispersion. We also present PSDs for the 10-20 and\n20-40 keV bands; they lack sufficient temporal frequency coverage to reveal a\nsignificant break, but are consistent with the same PSD shape and break\nfrequency as in the 3-10 keV band.\n" }, { "id": "23821cc9-1f45-44e3-93ef-b40d74e23b5c", "adv_source_id": "23821cc9-1f45-44e3-93ef-b40d74e23b5c", "source_id": "23821cc9-1f45-44e3-93ef-b40d74e23b5c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Expanding and Improving the Search for Habitable Worlds", "prompt": null, "generation": " This review focuses on recent results in advancing our understanding of the\nlocation and distribution of habitable exo-Earth environments. We first review\nthe qualities that define a habitable planet/moon environment. We extend these\nconcepts to potentially habitable environments in our own Solar System and the\ncurrent and future searches for biomarkers there, focusing on the primary\ntargets for future exploratory missions: Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. We\nexamine our current knowledge on the types of planetary systems amenable to the\nformation of habitable planets, and review the current state of searches for\nextra-solar habitable planets as well as expected future improvements in\nsensitivity and preparations for the remote detection of the signatures of life\noutside our Solar System.\n" }, { "id": "45d75d35-bbf7-408b-8a66-930e7a9cb3f6", "adv_source_id": "45d75d35-bbf7-408b-8a66-930e7a9cb3f6", "source_id": "45d75d35-bbf7-408b-8a66-930e7a9cb3f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coupling convectively driven atmospheric circulation to surface\n rotation: Evidence for active methane weather in the observed spin rate drift\n of Titan", "prompt": null, "generation": " A large drift in the rotation rate of Titan observed by Cassini provided the\nfirst evidence of a subsurface ocean isolating the massive core from the icy\ncrust. Seasonal exchange of angular momentum between the surface and atmosphere\naccounts for the magnitude of the effect, but observations lag the expected\nsignal by a few years. We argue that this time lag is due to the presence of an\nactive methane weather cycle in the atmosphere. An analytic model of the\nseasonal cycle of atmospheric angular momentum is developed and compared with\ntime-dependent simulations of Titan's atmosphere with and without methane\nthermodynamics. The disappearance of clouds at the summer pole suggests the\ndrift rate has already switched direction, signaling the change in season from\nsolstice to equinox.\n" }, { "id": "45c6fc14-83e2-4bfb-9a89-55e187887208", "adv_source_id": "45c6fc14-83e2-4bfb-9a89-55e187887208", "source_id": "45c6fc14-83e2-4bfb-9a89-55e187887208", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "In-situ fabrication of cobalt-doped SrFe2As2 thin films by using pulsed\n laser deposition with excimer laser", "prompt": null, "generation": " The remarkably high superconducting transition temperature and upper critical\nfield of iron(Fe)-based layered superconductors, despite ferromagnetic material\nbase, open the prospect for superconducting electronics. However, success in\nsuperconducting electronics has been limited because of difficulties in\nfabricating high-quality thin films. We report the growth of high-quality\nc-axis-oriented cobalt(Co)-doped SrFe2As2 thin films with bulk\nsuperconductivity by using an in-situ pulsed laser deposition technique with a\n248-nm-wavelength KrF excimer laser and an arsenic(As)-rich phase target. The\ntemperature and field dependences of the magnetization showing strong\ndiamagnetism and transport critical current density with superior Jc-H\nperformance are reported. These results provide necessary information for\npractical applications of Fe-based superconductors.\n" }, { "id": "cf89f962-0bf9-4bfb-9718-7c7e9b5231e1", "adv_source_id": "cf89f962-0bf9-4bfb-9718-7c7e9b5231e1", "source_id": "cf89f962-0bf9-4bfb-9718-7c7e9b5231e1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the white dwarf cooling sequence of the globular cluster Omega\n Centauri", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present deep and precise photometry (F435, F625W, F658N) of Omega Cen\ncollected with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the Hubble Space\nTelescope (HST). We have identified ~ 6,500 white dwarf (WD) candidates, and\nthe ratio of WD and Main Sequence (MS) star counts is found to be at least a\nfactor of two larger than the ratio of CO-core WD cooling and MS lifetimes.\nThis discrepancy is not explained by the possible occurrence of a He-enhanced\nstellar population, since the MS lifetime changes by only 15% when changing\nfrom a canonical (Y=0.25) to a He-enhanced composition (Y=0.42). The presence\nof some He-core WDs seems able to explain the observed star counts. The\nfraction of He WDs required ranges from 10% to 80% depending on their mean mass\nand it is at least five times larger than for field WDs. The comparison in the\nColor Magnitude Diagram between theory and observations also supports the\npresence of He WDs. Empirical evidence indicates that He WDs have been detected\nin stellar systems hosting a large sample of extreme horizontal branch stars,\nthus suggesting that a fraction of red giants might avoid the He-core flash.\n" }, { "id": "9dec6f52-ec76-46f4-a01b-1293ea53797d", "adv_source_id": "9dec6f52-ec76-46f4-a01b-1293ea53797d", "source_id": "9dec6f52-ec76-46f4-a01b-1293ea53797d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase Closure at 691 GHz using the Submillimeter Array", "prompt": null, "generation": " Phase closure at 682 GHz and 691 GHz was first achieved using three antennas\nof the Submillimeter Array (SMA) interferometer located on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.\nInitially, phase closure was demonstrated at 682.5 GHz on Sept. 19, 2002 using\nan artificial ground-based \"beacon\" signal. Subsequently, astronomical\ndetections of both Saturn and Uranus were made at the frequency of the CO(6-5)\ntransition (691.473 GHz) on all three baselines on Sept. 22, 2002. While the\nlarger planets such as Saturn are heavily resolved even on these short\nbaselines (25.2m, 25.2m and 16.4m), phase closure was achieved on Uranus and\nCallisto. This was the first successful experiment to obtain phase closure in\nthis frequency band. The CO(6-5) line was also detected towards Orion BN/KL and\nother Galactic sources, as was the vibrationally-excited 658 GHz water maser\nline toward evolved stars. We present these historic detections, as well as the\nfirst arcsecond-scale images obtained in this frequency band.\n" }, { "id": "dab64d5b-f681-4261-bd9f-eb12f5a97ae5", "adv_source_id": "dab64d5b-f681-4261-bd9f-eb12f5a97ae5", "source_id": "dab64d5b-f681-4261-bd9f-eb12f5a97ae5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonleptonic $B_s$ to charmonium decays: analyses in pursuit of\n determining the weak phase $\\beta_s$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze nonleptonic $B_s$ decays to a charmonium state and a light meson,\ninduced by the $b \\to c {\\bar c}s$ transition, which are useful to access the\n$B_s$-${\\bar B}_s$ mixing phase $\\beta_s$. We use generalized factorization and\n$SU(3)_F$ symmetry to relate such modes to correspondent $B$ decay channels. We\ndiscuss the feasibility of the measurements in the various channels, stressing\nthe importance of comparing different determinations of $\\beta_s$ in view of\nthe hints of new physics effects (NP) recently emerged in the $B_s$ sector.\nFinally, adopting a general parametrization of NP contributions to the decay\namplitudes, we discuss how to experimentally constrain new physics parameters.\n" }, { "id": "ac63a8b6-85e2-47bd-ba9e-84348ea847f4", "adv_source_id": "ac63a8b6-85e2-47bd-ba9e-84348ea847f4", "source_id": "ac63a8b6-85e2-47bd-ba9e-84348ea847f4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coherent structures and isolated spectrum for Perron-Frobenius cocycles", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an analysis of one-dimensional models of dynamical systems that\npossess 'coherent structures'; global structures that disperse more slowly than\nlocal trajectory separation. We study cocycles generated by expanding interval\nmaps and the rates of decay for functions of bounded variation under the action\nof the associated Perron-Frobenius cocycles.\n We prove that when the generators are piecewise affine and share a common\nMarkov partition, the Lyapunov spectrum of the Perron-Frobenius cocycle has at\nmost finitely many isolated points. Moreover, we develop a strengthened version\nof the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem for non-invertible matrices and construct\nan invariant splitting into Oseledets subspaces.\n We detail examples of cocycles of expanding maps with isolated Lyapunov\nspectrum and calculate the Oseledets subspaces, which lead to an identification\nof the underlying coherent structures.\n Our constructions generalise the notions of almost-invariant and\nalmost-cyclic sets to non-autonomous dynamical systems and provide a new\nensemble-based formalism for coherent structures in one-dimensional\nnon-autonomous dynamics.\n" }, { "id": "dd2cf34e-7742-4dac-aecf-26c3dd8d352c", "adv_source_id": "dd2cf34e-7742-4dac-aecf-26c3dd8d352c", "source_id": "dd2cf34e-7742-4dac-aecf-26c3dd8d352c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ghost anomalous dimension in asymptotically safe quantum gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute the ghost anomalous dimension within the asymptotic-safety\nscenario for quantum gravity. For a class of covariant gauge fixings and using\na functional RG scheme, the anomalous dimension $\\eta_c$ is negative, implying\nan improved UV behavior of ghost fluctuations. At the non-Gaussian UV fixed\npoint, we observe a maximum value of $\\eta_c\\simeq -0.78$ for the Landau-deWitt\ngauge within the given scheme and truncation. Most importantly, the\nbackreaction of the ghost flow onto the Einstein-Hilbert sector preserves the\nnon-Gaussian fixed point with only mild modifications of the fixed-point values\nfor the gravitational coupling and cosmological constant and the associated\ncritical exponents; also their gauge dependence is slightly reduced. Our\nresults provide further evidence for the asymptotic-safety scenario of quantum\ngravity.\n" }, { "id": "af2a464d-e1d2-4255-ab4a-0023b6601ad5", "adv_source_id": "af2a464d-e1d2-4255-ab4a-0023b6601ad5", "source_id": "af2a464d-e1d2-4255-ab4a-0023b6601ad5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The s process in massive stars at low metallicity. Effect of primary N14\n from fast rotating stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " The goal of this paper is to analyze the impact of a primary neutron source\non the s-process nucleosynthesis in massive stars at halo metallicity. Recent\nstellar models including rotation at very low metallicity predict a strong\nproduction of primary N14. Part of the nitrogen produced in the H-burning shell\ndiffuses by rotational mixing into the He core where it is converted to Ne22\nproviding additional neutrons for the s process. We present nucleosynthesis\ncalculations for a 25 Msun star at [Fe/H] = -3, -4, where in the convective\ncore He-burning about 0.8 % in mass is made of primary Ne22. The usual weak\ns-process shape is changed by the additional neutron source with a peak between\nSr and Ba, where the s-process yields increase by orders of magnitude with\nrespect to the yields obtained without rotation. Iron seeds are fully consumed\nand the maximum production of Sr, Y and Zr is reached. On the other hand, the\ns-process efficiency beyond Sr and the ratio Sr/Ba are strongly affected by the\namount of Ne22 and by nuclear uncertainties, first of all by the\nNe22(alpha,n)Mg25 reaction. Finally, assuming that Ne22 is primary in the\nconsidered metallicity range, the s-process efficiency decreases with\nmetallicity due to the effect of the major neutron poisons Mg25 and Ne22. This\nwork represents a first step towards the study of primary neutron source effect\nin fast rotating massive stars, and its implications are discussed in the light\nof spectroscopic observations of heavy elements at halo metallicity.\n" }, { "id": "c3eca94f-cc47-455d-93a1-fe146d42722e", "adv_source_id": "c3eca94f-cc47-455d-93a1-fe146d42722e", "source_id": "c3eca94f-cc47-455d-93a1-fe146d42722e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Weighted enumeration of spanning subgraphs with degree constraints", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Heilmann-Lieb Theorem on (univariate) matching polynomials states that\nthe polynomial $\\sum_k m_k(G) y^k$ has only real nonpositive zeros, in which\n$m_k(G)$ is the number of $k$-edge matchings of a graph $G$. There is a\nstronger multivariate version of this theorem. We provide a general method by\nwhich ``theorems of Heilmann-Lieb type'' can be proved for a wide variety of\npolynomials attached to the graph $G$. These polynomials are multivariate\ngenerating functions for spanning subgraphs of $G$ with certain weights and\nconstraints imposed, and the theorems specify regions in which these\npolynomials are nonvanishing. Such theorems have consequences for the absence\nof phase transitions in certain probabilistic models for spanning subgraphs of\n$G$.\n" }, { "id": "1647f567-d01a-4ab3-b187-a1dff262ee23", "adv_source_id": "1647f567-d01a-4ab3-b187-a1dff262ee23", "source_id": "1647f567-d01a-4ab3-b187-a1dff262ee23", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Horocyclic Orbits on $\\Gamma(1)\\frontslash\\mathcal{H}$, \\ Closed and\n Otherwise", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper studies certain horocyclic orbits on\n$\\Gamma(1)\\frontslash\\mathcal{H}$. In the first instance we examine horocycles\ndefined using the pencil of circles whose common point (in the words of the\nNielsen-Fenchel manuscript is $\\infty$. The orbits involved in this case are\nclosed and long - judged by arc length between two points compared to the\nhyperbolic distance between them.\n We are concerned with tracking the paths of individual horocycles. Using Ford\ncircles of Farey sequences we find lifts to the Standard Fundamental Region\n(SFR) and find points of these lifts making given angles with a horizontal.\nNext, we offer two methods, both involving continued fractions, of locating\npoints with such angles whose lifts are near any given point in the SFR. This\nestablishes in an effective manner a sort of transitivity, which necessarily\ninvolves infinitely many such horocycles.\n Next, we study the homotopy classes of horizontal horocycles as we descend to\nthe real axis. We find these are stable during descent between encounters of\nthe horizontal with elliptic fixed points. Such encounters change - complicate\n- the homotopy classes. We give these explicitly down to height\n$1/(2\\sqrt{3})$.\n Finally we do an initial study of the open (infinite length) horocycle path\nwith unit euclidean radius anchored at $\\phi -1$, where $\\phi$ is the Golden\nMean. Enough information is adduced to suggest that this path is itself\ntransitive. The methods resemble the Hardy-Littlewood Circle Method in a\ncertain regard, albeit without the exponential sums.\n" }, { "id": "291a65b6-81e8-4f62-85f7-fd9feaee459d", "adv_source_id": "291a65b6-81e8-4f62-85f7-fd9feaee459d", "source_id": "291a65b6-81e8-4f62-85f7-fd9feaee459d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Twisted magnetic structures emerging from buoyancy instabilities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We here report calculations of magnetic buoyancy instabilities of a sheared\nmagnetic layer where two separate zones are unstable. The idea is to study the\npossible generation of large-scale helical structures which could then rise\nthrough a stellar convection zone and emerge at the surface to create active\nregions. The calculations shown here are a follow-up of the work of Favier et\nal. (2012) where the instability developed in a weakly magnetized atmosphere,\nconsisting of a uniform field oriented in a different direction from the\nunstable layer below. Here, the top layer representing the atmosphere is itself\nunstable to buoyancy instabilities and thus quickly creates a more complex\nmagnetic configuration with which the layer below will interact. We also find\nin this case that the accumulation of magnetic tension between the two unstable\nlayers favors the creation of large-scale helical structures.\n" }, { "id": "d326852f-e066-44a0-a0de-fa34d186a871", "adv_source_id": "d326852f-e066-44a0-a0de-fa34d186a871", "source_id": "d326852f-e066-44a0-a0de-fa34d186a871", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dirty Paper Coding for the MIMO Cognitive Radio Channel with Imperfect\n CSIT", "prompt": null, "generation": " A Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) based transmission scheme for the Gaussian\nmultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio channel (CRC) is studied\nwhen there is imperfect and perfect channel knowledge at the transmitters\n(CSIT) and the receivers, respectively. In particular, the problem of\noptimizing the sum-rate of the MIMO CRC over the transmit covariance matrices\nis dealt with. Such an optimization, under the DPC-based transmission strategy,\nneeds to be performed jointly with an optimization over the inflation factor.\nTo this end, first the problem of determination of inflation factor over the\nMIMO channel $Y=H_1 X + H_2 S + Z$ with imperfect CSIT is investigated. For\nthis problem, two iterative algorithms, which generalize the corresponding\nalgorithms proposed for the channel $Y=H(X+S)+Z$, are developed. Later, the\nnecessary conditions for maximizing the sum-rate of the MIMO CRC over the\ntransmit covariances for a given choice of inflation factor are derived. Using\nthese necessary conditions and the algorithms for the determination of the\ninflation factor, an iterative, numerical algorithm for the joint optimization\nis proposed. Some interesting observations are made from the numerical results\nobtained from the algorithm. Furthermore, the high-SNR sum-rate scaling factor\nachievable over the CRC with imperfect CSIT is obtained.\n" }, { "id": "f3e20aa5-ad7a-4c74-98d7-6201472552f3", "adv_source_id": "f3e20aa5-ad7a-4c74-98d7-6201472552f3", "source_id": "f3e20aa5-ad7a-4c74-98d7-6201472552f3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fast shape reconstruction of perfectly conducting cracks by using a\n multi-frequency topological derivative strategy", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper concerns a fast, one-step iterative technique of imaging extended\nperfectly conducting cracks with Dirichlet boundary condition. In order to\nreconstruct the shape of cracks from scattered field data measured at the\nboundary, we introduce a topological derivative-based electromagnetic imaging\nfunction operated at several nonzero frequencies. The properties of the imaging\nfunction are carefully analyzed for the configurations of both symmetric and\nnon-symmetric incident field directions. This analysis explains why the\napplication of incident fields with symmetric direction operated at multiple\nfrequencies guarantees a successful reconstruction. Various numerical\nsimulations with noise-corrupted data are conducted to assess the performance,\neffectiveness, robustness, and limitations of the proposed technique.\n" }, { "id": "445220c0-f9d4-48af-9730-88b881a4e0bb", "adv_source_id": "445220c0-f9d4-48af-9730-88b881a4e0bb", "source_id": "445220c0-f9d4-48af-9730-88b881a4e0bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hysteretic response characteristics and dynamic phase transition via\n site dilution in the kinetic Ising model", "prompt": null, "generation": " The decay of the hysteresis loop area of the system, which is obeying a site\ndiluted kinetic Ising model, is considered by the disorder parameter using the\neffective field theory analysis. The exhibition focuses on the understanding of\nexternal field frequency, amplitude and the site concentration dependency of\nthe hysteresis loop area for several powerful treatments. Important\ncharacteristics of the hysteretic response, such as frequency dispersion,\neffect of domain nucleation phenomenon on the dynamic process etc. has been\nintroduced together with well known other characteristics. An attempt has been\nmade to explain the relations between the competing time scales (intrinsic\nmicroscopic relaxation time of the system and the time period of the external\noscillatory field) and the shape of the response. As a result of the detailed\ninvestigations, existence of essentially three, particularly four types of\ndispersion curves have been propounded.\n" }, { "id": "ce633b89-afc9-47e2-af28-2c33ca2356b9", "adv_source_id": "ce633b89-afc9-47e2-af28-2c33ca2356b9", "source_id": "ce633b89-afc9-47e2-af28-2c33ca2356b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-Hall effect theory: new analytical solutions of the Pauli equation\n in a quantum dot", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work, we present the analytical solution of the effective mass Pauli\nequation, with Rashba and linear Dresselhaus interactions, for an electron gas\nmoving through a semiconductor quantum dot under a longitudinal electric field,\nwhich is defined along the $x$-direction. We study the relative influence of\nthe Rashba and Dresselhaus terms on the spin-Hall effect for the first\npropagating and edge channels, by analyzing the mixing between spin-up and\n-down states and the zero-field spin splitting along the transverse directions.\nWhen the spin rotation depends only on the $y$-coordinate, the spin orientation\nand the spin density vary along this transverse coordinate and, in this case,\nwe show that the spin-Hall effect is only due to the Dresselhaus term, for\ndepolarized electrons. On the other hand, if the spin rotation depends on the\n$z$-coordinate, the spin-Hall effect is provoked only by the Rashba\ninteraction.\n" }, { "id": "e98250c9-5e38-4d35-88a8-452b62243980", "adv_source_id": "e98250c9-5e38-4d35-88a8-452b62243980", "source_id": "e98250c9-5e38-4d35-88a8-452b62243980", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "J-matrix method of scattering in one dimension: The nonrelativistic\n theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We formulate a theory of nonrelativistic scattering in one dimension based on\nthe J-matrix method. The scattering potential is assumed to have a finite range\nsuch that it is well represented by its matrix elements in a finite subset of a\nbasis that supports a tridiagonal matrix representation for the reference wave\noperator. Contrary to our expectation, the 1D formulation reveals a rich and\nhighly non-trivial structure compared to the 3D formulation. Examples are given\nto demonstrate the utility and accuracy of the method. It is hoped that this\nformulation constitutes a viable alternative to the classical treatment of 1D\nscattering problem and that it will help unveil new and interesting\napplications.\n" }, { "id": "4b2fff5c-1118-4ccc-a4e6-6b83a24695ef", "adv_source_id": "4b2fff5c-1118-4ccc-a4e6-6b83a24695ef", "source_id": "4b2fff5c-1118-4ccc-a4e6-6b83a24695ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chemical and kinematical properties of BSSs and HB stars in NGC 6397", "prompt": null, "generation": " We used three sets of high-resolution spectra acquired with the multifiber\nfacility FLAMES at the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern\nObservatory to investigate the chemical and kinematical properties of a sample\nof 42 horizontal branch (HB) stars, 18 Blue Straggler Stars (BSSs) and 86 main\nsequence turn-off and sub-giant branch stars in the nearby globular cluster NGC\n6397. We measured rotational velocities and Fe, O and Mg abundances. All the\nunevolved stars in our sample turn out to have low rotational velocites (v sin\ni< 10\\kms), while HB stars and BSSs show a broad distribution, with values\nranging from 0 to 70 \\kms. For HB stars with T<10500 K there is a clear\ntemperature-oxygen anti-correlation, that can be understood if the star\nposition along the HB is mainly determined by the He content. The hottest BSSs\nand HB stars (with temperatures T>8200 K and T> 10500 K, respectively) also\nshow significant deviations in their iron abundance with respect to the cluster\nmetallicity (as traced by the unevolved stars, [Fe/H]=-2.12). While similar\nchemical patterns have been already observed in other hot HB stars, this is the\nfirst evidence ever collected for BSSs. We interprete these abundance anomalies\nas due to the metal radiative levitation, occurring in stars with shallow or no\nconvective envelopes.\n" }, { "id": "b86d8d7c-5c05-41ac-b08d-e28a72c6e51f", "adv_source_id": "b86d8d7c-5c05-41ac-b08d-e28a72c6e51f", "source_id": "b86d8d7c-5c05-41ac-b08d-e28a72c6e51f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Estimation of poroelastic parameters from seismograms using Biot theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the possibility to extract information contained in seismic\nwaveforms propagating in fluid-filled porous media by developing and using a\nfull waveform inversion procedure valid for layered structures. To reach this\nobjective, we first solve the forward problem by implementing the Biot theory\nin a reflectivity-type simulation program. We then study the sensitivity of the\nseismic response of stratified media to the poroelastic parameters. Our\nnumerical tests indicate that the porosity and consolidation parameter are the\nmost sensitive parameters in forward and inverse modeling, whereas the\npermeability has only a very limited influence on the seismic response. Next,\nthe analytical expressions of the sensitivity operators are introduced in a\ngeneralized least-square inversion algorithm based on an iterative modeling of\nthe seismic waveforms. The application of this inversion procedure to synthetic\ndata shows that the porosity as well as the fluid and solid parameters can be\ncorrectly reconstructed as long as the other parameters are well known.\nHowever, the strong seismic coupling between some of the model parameters makes\nit difficult to fully characterize the medium by a multi-parameter inversion\nscheme. One solution to circumvent this difficulty is to combine several model\nparameters according to rock physics laws to invert for composite parameters.\nAnother possibility is to invert the seismic data for the perturbations of the\nmedium properties, such as those resulting from a gas injection.\n" }, { "id": "2ab6da9d-2b21-4d2a-ae85-2f6c6d168408", "adv_source_id": "2ab6da9d-2b21-4d2a-ae85-2f6c6d168408", "source_id": "2ab6da9d-2b21-4d2a-ae85-2f6c6d168408", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Parking Spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $W$ be a Weyl group with root lattice $Q$ and Coxeter number $h$. The\nelements of the finite torus $Q/(h+1)Q$ are called the $W$-{\\sf parking\nfunctions}, and we call the permutation representation of $W$ on the set of\n$W$-parking functions the (standard) $W$-{\\sf parking space}. Parking spaces\nhave interesting connections to enumerative combinatorics, diagonal harmonics,\nand rational Cherednik algebras. In this paper we define two new $W$-parking\nspaces, called the {\\sf noncrossing parking space} and the {\\sf algebraic\nparking space}, with the following features: 1) They are defined more generally\nfor real reflection groups. 2) They carry not just $W$-actions, but $W\\times\nC$-actions, where $C$ is the cyclic subgroup of $W$ generated by a Coxeter\nelement. 3) In the crystallographic case, both are isomorphic to the standard\n$W$-parking space. Our Main Conjecture is that the two new parking spaces are\nisomorphic to each other as permutation representations of $W\\times C$. This\nconjecture ties together several threads in the Catalan combinatorics of finite\nreflection groups. We provide evidence for the conjecture, proofs of some\nspecial cases, and suggest further directions for the theory.\n" }, { "id": "4d93edf7-806f-4bfa-8e8a-c9fbf358beb7", "adv_source_id": "4d93edf7-806f-4bfa-8e8a-c9fbf358beb7", "source_id": "4d93edf7-806f-4bfa-8e8a-c9fbf358beb7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lagrangian coherent structures in nonlinear dynamos", "prompt": null, "generation": " Turbulence and chaos play a fundamental role in stellar convective zones\nthrough the transportof particles, energy and momentum, and in fast dynamos,\nthrough the stretching, twisting and folding of magnetic flux tubes. A\nparticularly revealing way to describe turbulent motions is through the\nanalysis of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), which are material lines or\nsurfaces that act as transport barriers in the fluid. We report the detection\nof Lagrangian coherent structures in helical MHD dynamo simulations with scale\nseparation. In an ABC--flow, two dynamo regimes, a propagating coherent\nmean--field regime and an intermittent regime, are identified as the magnetic\ndiffusivity is varied. The sharp contrast between the chaotic tangle of\nattracting and repelling LCS in both regimes permits a unique analysis of the\nimpact of the magnetic field on the velocity field. In a second example, LCS\nreveal the link between the level of chaotic mixing of the velocity field and\nthe saturation of a large--scale dynamo when the magnetic field exceeds the\nequipartition value.\n" }, { "id": "99aaa496-aae7-4270-83cf-943f7d28c981", "adv_source_id": "99aaa496-aae7-4270-83cf-943f7d28c981", "source_id": "99aaa496-aae7-4270-83cf-943f7d28c981", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ballistic Thermal Rectification in Asymmetric Three-Terminal Mesoscopic\n Dielectric Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " By coupling the asymmetric three-terminal mesoscopic dielectric system with a\ntemperature probe, at low temperature, the ballistic heat flux flow through the\nother two asymmetric terminals in the nonlinear response regime is studied\nbased on the Landauer formulation of transport theory. The thermal\nrectification is attained at the quantum regime. It is a purely quantum effect\nand is determined by the dependence of the ratio\n$\\tau_{RC}(\\omega)/\\tau_{RL}(\\omega)$ on $\\omega$, the phonon's frequency.\nWhere $\\tau_{RC}(\\omega)$ and $\\tau_{RL}(\\omega)$ are respectively the\ntransmission coefficients from two asymmetric terminals to the temperature\nprobe, which are determined by the inelastic scattering of ballistic phonons in\nthe temperature probe. Our results are confirmed by extensive numerical\nsimulations.\n" }, { "id": "9586cb52-16e0-4f60-b373-f4ed022a6d11", "adv_source_id": "9586cb52-16e0-4f60-b373-f4ed022a6d11", "source_id": "9586cb52-16e0-4f60-b373-f4ed022a6d11", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some aspects of dispersive horizons: lessons from surface waves", "prompt": null, "generation": " Hydrodynamic surface waves propagating on a moving background flow experience\nan effective curved space-time. We discuss experiments with gravity waves and\ncapillary-gravity waves in which we study hydrodynamic black/white-hole\nhorizons and the possibility of penetrating across them. Such possibility of\npenetration is due to the interaction with an additional \"blue\" horizon, which\nresults from the inclusion of surface tension in the low-frequency gravity-wave\ntheory. This interaction leads to a dispersive cusp beyond which both horizons\ncompletely disappear. We speculate the appearance of high-frequency\n\"superluminal\" corrections to be a universal characteristic of analogue gravity\nsystems, and discuss their relevance for the trans-Planckian problem. We also\ndiscuss the role of Airy interference in hybridising the incoming waves with\nthe flowing background (the effective spacetime) and blurring the position of\nthe black/white-hole horizon.\n" }, { "id": "cabb4f49-f9c6-4343-bc09-d9eed4c29c39", "adv_source_id": "cabb4f49-f9c6-4343-bc09-d9eed4c29c39", "source_id": "cabb4f49-f9c6-4343-bc09-d9eed4c29c39", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "MCA Based Performance Evaluation of Project Selection", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multi-criteria decision support systems are used in various fields of human\nactivities. In every alternative multi-criteria decision making problem can be\nrepresented by a set of properties or constraints. The properties can be\nqualitative & quantitative. For measurement of these properties, there are\ndifferent unit, as well as there are different optimization techniques.\nDepending upon the desired goal, the normalization aims for obtaining reference\nscales of values of these properties. This paper deals with a new additive\nratio assessment method. In order to make the appropriate decision and to make\na proper comparison among the available alternatives Analytic Hierarchy Process\n(AHP) and ARAS have been used. The uses of AHP is for analysis the structure of\nthe project selection problem and to assign the weights of the properties and\nthe ARAS method is used to obtain the final ranking and select the best one\namong the projects. To illustrate the above mention methods survey data on the\nexpansion of optical fibre for a telecommunication sector is used. The decision\nmaker can also used different weight combination in the decision making process\naccording to the demand of the system.\n" }, { "id": "6801f9e6-c04f-4a69-989d-f76be4c38d37", "adv_source_id": "6801f9e6-c04f-4a69-989d-f76be4c38d37", "source_id": "6801f9e6-c04f-4a69-989d-f76be4c38d37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global weak solutions to the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations of\n compressible heat-conducting flows with symmetric data and forces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove the global existence of weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes\nequations of compressible heat-conducting fluids in two spatial dimensions with\ninitial data and external forces which are large and spherically symmetric. The\nsolutions will be obtained as the limit of the approximate solutions in an\nannular domain. We first derive a number of regularity results on the\napproximate physical quantities in the \"fluid region\", as well as the new\nuniform integrability of the velocity and temperature in the entire space-time\ndomain by exploiting the theory of the Orlicz spaces. By virtue of these a\npriori estimates we then argue in a manner similar to that in [Arch. Rational\nMech. Anal. 173 (2004), 297-343] to pass to the limit and show that the\nlimiting functions are indeed a weak solution which satisfies the mass and\nmomentum equations in the entire space-time domain in the sense of\ndistributions, and the energy equation in any compact subset of the \"fluid\nregion\".\n" }, { "id": "7ea3b222-ba1b-4d4d-92f6-c5f5ae81f40d", "adv_source_id": "7ea3b222-ba1b-4d4d-92f6-c5f5ae81f40d", "source_id": "7ea3b222-ba1b-4d4d-92f6-c5f5ae81f40d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Random line tessellations of the plane: statistical properties of\n many-sided cells", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a family of random line tessellations of the Euclidean plane\nintroduced in a much more formal context by Hug and Schneider [Geom. Funct.\nAnal. 17, 156 (2007)] and described by a parameter \\alpha\\geq 1. For \\alpha=1\nthe zero-cell (that is, the cell containing the origin) coincides with the\nCrofton cell of a Poisson line tessellation, and for \\alpha=2 it coincides with\nthe typical Poisson-Voronoi cell. Let p_n(\\alpha) be the probability for the\nzero-cell to have n sides. By the methods of statistical mechanics we construct\nthe asymptotic expansion of \\log p_n(\\alpha) up to terms that vanish as\nn\\to\\infty. In the large-n limit the cell is shown to become circular. The\ncircle is centered at the origin when \\alpha>1, but gets delocalized for the\nCrofton cell, \\alpha=1, which is a singular point of the parameter range. The\nlarge-n expansion of \\log p_n(1) is therefore different from that of the\ngeneral case and we show how to carry it out. As a corollary we obtain the\nanalogous expansion for the {\\it typical} n-sided cell of a Poisson line\ntessellation.\n" }, { "id": "17d120f1-d755-427b-b57a-0770b7a276f1", "adv_source_id": "17d120f1-d755-427b-b57a-0770b7a276f1", "source_id": "17d120f1-d755-427b-b57a-0770b7a276f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Impact of non-DLVO Forces on the Onset of Shear Thickening of\n Concentrated Electrically Stabilized Suspensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper exposes an extension of an activation model previously published\nby the authors. When particles arranged along the compression axis of a sheared\nsuspension, they may overcome the electrostatic repulsion and form force chains\nassociated with shear thickening. A percolation based consideration, allows an\nestimation of the impact of the force chains on a flowing suspension. It\nsuggests that, similar to mode-coupling models, the suspension becomes unstable\nbefore the critical stress evaluated from the activation model is reached. The\ntheory is applicable only to discontinuous shear thickening, and the\npredictions are compared with results from two experimental studies on aqueous\nsuspensions of inorganic oxides; in one of them hydration repulsion and in the\nother hydrophobic attraction can be expected. It is shown that the\nincorporation of non-DLVO forces greatly improve predictions of the shear\nthickening instability.\n" }, { "id": "455a580c-0bfb-411f-bcb1-6aecb2e65707", "adv_source_id": "455a580c-0bfb-411f-bcb1-6aecb2e65707", "source_id": "455a580c-0bfb-411f-bcb1-6aecb2e65707", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A discontinuous Galerkin solver for Boltzmann Poisson systems in nano\n devices", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we present results of a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme\napplied to deterministic computations of the transients for the\nBoltzmann-Poisson system describing electron transport in semiconductor\ndevices. The collisional term models optical-phonon interactions which become\ndominant under strong energetic conditions corresponding to nano-scale active\nregions under applied bias. The proposed numerical technique is a finite\nelement method using discontinuous piecewise polynomials as basis functions on\nunstructured meshes. It is applied to simulate hot electron transport in bulk\nsilicon, in a silicon $n^+$-$n$-$n^+$ diode and in a double gated 12nm MOSFET.\nAdditionally, the obtained results are compared to those of a high order WENO\nscheme simulation and DSMC (Discrete Simulation Monte Carlo) solvers.\n" }, { "id": "cbba0e29-7b4e-4ba1-9ff5-39726241056e", "adv_source_id": "cbba0e29-7b4e-4ba1-9ff5-39726241056e", "source_id": "cbba0e29-7b4e-4ba1-9ff5-39726241056e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Construction of Coupled Period-Mass Functions in Extrasolar Planets\n through the Nonparametric Approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the period and mass data of two hundred and seventy-nine extrasolar\nplanets, we have constructed a coupled period-mass function through the\nnon-parametric approach. This analytic expression of the coupled period-mass\nfunction has been obtained for the first time in this field. Moreover, due to a\nmoderate period-mass correlation, the shapes of mass/period functions vary as a\nfunction of period/mass. These results of mass and period functions give way to\ntwo important implications: (1) the deficit of massive close-in planets is\nconfirmed, and (2) the more massive planets have larger ranges of possible\nsemi-major axes. These interesting statistical results will provide important\nclues into the theories of planetary formation.\n" }, { "id": "19b1144c-a09d-46b7-b126-35b34a8b3e05", "adv_source_id": "19b1144c-a09d-46b7-b126-35b34a8b3e05", "source_id": "19b1144c-a09d-46b7-b126-35b34a8b3e05", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Topology of 3-cosymplectic manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We continue the program of Chinea, De Leon and Marrero who studied the\ntopology of cosymplectic manifolds. We study 3-cosymplectic manifolds which are\nthe closest odd-dimensional analogue of hyper-Kaehler structures. We show that\nthere is an action of the Lie algebra so(4,1) on the basic cohomology spaces of\na compact 3-cosymplectic manifold with respect to the Reeb foliation. This\nimplies some topological obstructions to the existence of such structures which\nare expressed by bounds on the Betti numbers. It is known that every\n3-cosymplectic manifold is a local Riemannian product of a hyper-Kaehler factor\nand an abelian three dimensional Lie group. Nevertheless, we present a\nnontrivial example of compact 3-cosymplectic manifold which is not the global\nproduct of a hyper-Kaehler manifold and a flat 3-torus.\n" }, { "id": "a7091fe8-35d2-4fbf-bbf9-cac249e5eb43", "adv_source_id": "a7091fe8-35d2-4fbf-bbf9-cac249e5eb43", "source_id": "a7091fe8-35d2-4fbf-bbf9-cac249e5eb43", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A variant of Marstrand's theorem for projections of cartesian products", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove the following variant of Marstrand's theorem about projections of\ncartesian products of sets:\n Consider the space $\\Lambda_m=\\set{(t,O), t\\in\\R, O\\in SO(m)}$ with the\nnatural measure and set $\\Lambda=\\Lambda_{m_1}\\times\\ppp\\times\\Lambda_{m_n}$.\nFor every $\\la=(t_1,O_1,\\ppp,t_n,O_n)\\in\\Lambda$ and every\n$x=(x^1,\\ppp,x^n)\\in\\R^{m_1}\\times\\ppp\\times\\R^{m_n}$ we define\n$\\pi_\\la(x)=\\pi(t_1O_1x^1,\\ppp,t_nO_nx^n)$. Suppose that $\\pi$ is surjective\nand set $$\\mathfrak{m}:=\\min\\set{\\sum_{i\\in I}\\dim_H(K_i) +\n\\dim\\pi(\\bigoplus_{i\\in I^c}\\R^{m_i}), I\\subset\\set{1,\\ppp,n},\nI\\ne\\emptyset}.$$ Then we have\n {thm*}\n \\emph{(i)} If $\\mathfrak{m}>k$, then $\\pi_\\la(K_1\\times\\ppp\\times K_n)$ has\npositive $k$-dimensional Lebesgue measure for almost every $\\la\\in\\Lambda$.\n \\emph{(ii)} If $\\mathfrak{m}\\leq k$ and $\\dim_H(K_1\\times\\ppp\\times\nK_n)=\\dim_H(K_1)+\\ppp+\\dim_H(K_n)$, then $\\dim_H(\\pi_\\la(K_1\\times\\ppp\\times\nK_n))=\\mathfrak{m}$ for almost every $\\la\\in\\Lambda$. {thm*}\n" }, { "id": "466aac2c-3f32-4d0d-b817-5c0da3f077ea", "adv_source_id": "466aac2c-3f32-4d0d-b817-5c0da3f077ea", "source_id": "466aac2c-3f32-4d0d-b817-5c0da3f077ea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Continuous Markovian Logics - Axiomatization and Quantified Metatheory", "prompt": null, "generation": " Continuous Markovian Logic (CML) is a multimodal logic that expresses\nquantitative and qualitative properties of continuous-time labelled Markov\nprocesses with arbitrary (analytic) state-spaces, henceforth called continuous\nMarkov processes (CMPs). The modalities of CML evaluate the rates of the\nexponentially distributed random variables that characterize the duration of\nthe labeled transitions of a CMP. In this paper we present weak and strong\ncomplete axiomatizations for CML and prove a series of metaproperties,\nincluding the finite model property and the construction of canonical models.\nCML characterizes stochastic bisimilarity and it supports the definition of a\nquantified extension of the satisfiability relation that measures the\n\"compatibility\" between a model and a property. In this context, the\nmetaproperties allows us to prove two robustness theorems for the logic stating\nthat one can perturb formulas and maintain \"approximate satisfaction\".\n" }, { "id": "e6b3e1b4-c4b7-47fc-9a63-998e42aea618", "adv_source_id": "e6b3e1b4-c4b7-47fc-9a63-998e42aea618", "source_id": "e6b3e1b4-c4b7-47fc-9a63-998e42aea618", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Viscosity solutions for systems of parabolic variational inequalities", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we first define the notion of viscosity solution for the\nfollowing system of partial differential equations involving a subdifferential\noperator:\\[\\{[c]{l}\\dfrac{\\partial u}{\\partial\nt}(t,x)+\\mathcal{L}_tu(t,x)+f(t,x,u(t,x))\\in\\partial\\phi (u(t,x)),\\quad\nt\\in[0,T),x\\in\\mathbb{R}^d, u(T,x)=h(x),\\quad x\\in\\mathbb{R}^d,\\] where\n$\\partial\\phi$ is the subdifferential operator of the proper convex lower\nsemicontinuous function $\\phi:\\mathbb{R}^k\\to (-\\infty,+\\infty]$ and\n$\\mathcal{L}_t$ is a second differential operator given by\n$\\mathcal{L}_tv_i(x)={1/2}\\operatorname\n{Tr}[\\sigma(t,x)\\sigma^*(t,x)\\mathrm{D}^2v_i(x)]+< b(t,x),\\nabla v_i(x)>$,\n$i\\in\\bar{1,k}$. We prove the uniqueness of the viscosity solution and then,\nvia a stochastic approach, prove the existence of a viscosity solution\n$u:[0,T]\\times\\mathbb{R}^d\\to\\mathbb{R}^k$ of the above parabolic variational\ninequality.\n" }, { "id": "02e7b1f7-ec3f-4022-a5bf-bb60b8aba6c8", "adv_source_id": "02e7b1f7-ec3f-4022-a5bf-bb60b8aba6c8", "source_id": "02e7b1f7-ec3f-4022-a5bf-bb60b8aba6c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quenching of phonon-induced processes in quantum dots due to\n electron-hole asymmetries", "prompt": null, "generation": " Differences in the confinement of electrons and holes in quantum dots are\nshown to profoundly impact the magnitude of scattering with acoustic phonons in\nmaterials where crystal deformation shifts the conduction and valence band in\nthe same direction. Using an extensive model that includes the non-Markovian\nnature of the phonon reservoir, we show how the effect may be addressed by\nphotoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of a single quantum dot. We also\ninvestigate the implications for cavity QED, i.e. a coupled quantum dot-cavity\nsystem, and demonstrate that the phonon scattering may be strongly quenched.\nThe quenching is explained by a balancing between the deformation potential\ninteraction strengths and the carrier confinement and depends on the quantum\ndot shape. Numerical examples suggest a route towards engineering the phonon\nscattering.\n" }, { "id": "47fcf41d-1a74-449f-9c43-8661d2b340fb", "adv_source_id": "47fcf41d-1a74-449f-9c43-8661d2b340fb", "source_id": "47fcf41d-1a74-449f-9c43-8661d2b340fb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Separability Criterion for multipartite quantum states based on the\n Bloch representation of density matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a new separability criterion, a necessary condition for separability\nof $N$-partite quantum states. The criterion is based on the Bloch\nrepresentation of a $N$-partite quantum state and makes use of multilinear\nalgebra, in particular, the matrization of tensors. Our criterion applies to\n{\\it arbitrary} $N$-partite quantum states in\n$\\mathcal{H}=\\mathcal{H}^{d_1}\\otimes \\mathcal{H}^{d_2} \\otimes ... \\otimes\n\\mathcal{H}^{d_N}.$ The criterion can test whether a $N$-partite state is\nentangled and can be applied to different partitions of the $N$-partite system.\nWe provide examples that show the ability of this criterion to detect\nentanglement. We show that this criterion can detect bound entangled states. We\nprove a sufficiency condition for separability of a 3-partite state,\nstraightforwardly generalizable to the case $N > 3,$ under certain condition.\nWe also give a necessary and sufficient condition for separability of a class\nof $N$-qubit states which includes $N$-qubit PPT states.\n" }, { "id": "d0dd87fe-9f5d-478f-92fa-7b0f5545186e", "adv_source_id": "d0dd87fe-9f5d-478f-92fa-7b0f5545186e", "source_id": "d0dd87fe-9f5d-478f-92fa-7b0f5545186e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitino dark matter with constraints from Higgs boson mass and\n sneutrino decays", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate gravitino dark matter produced thermally at high temperatures\nand in decays of a long-lived sneutrino. We consider the Non-Universal Higgs\nModel and a generalized gauge mediation model, and in each case identify\nsneutrino LOSP regions of the parameter space consistent with the mass of the\nHiggs-like boson observed at the LHC. We apply relevant collider and\ncosmological bounds, including constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and\nfrom warm dark matter on large scale structures. Generally, we find allowed\nvalues of the reheating temperature TR below 10^9 GeV, i.e. somewhat smaller\nthan the values needed for thermal leptogenesis, even with a conservative lower\nbound of 122 GeV on the Higgs mass. Requiring mass values closer to 126 GeV\nimplies TR below 10^7 GeV and the gravitino mass less than 10 GeV.\n" }, { "id": "0fe8ed9f-338c-4164-9350-e1628dbb2fe8", "adv_source_id": "0fe8ed9f-338c-4164-9350-e1628dbb2fe8", "source_id": "0fe8ed9f-338c-4164-9350-e1628dbb2fe8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Smith-Purcell Radiation from Rough Surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " Radiation of a charged particle moving parallel to a inhomogeneous surface is\nconsidered. Within a single formalism periodic and random gratings are\nexamined. For the periodically inhomogeneous surface we derive new expressions\nfor the dispersion relation and the spectral-angular intensity. In particular,\nfor a given observation direction two wavelengths are emitted instead of one\nwavelength of the standard Smith-Purcell effect. For a rough surface we show\nthat the main contribution to the radiation intensity is given by surface\npolaritons induced on the interface between two media. These polaritons are\nmultiply scattered on the roughness of surface and convert into real photons.\nThe spectral-angular intensity is calculated and its dependence on different\nparameters is revealed.\n" }, { "id": "c89a0380-f193-47be-bd35-b4cfda9cf605", "adv_source_id": "c89a0380-f193-47be-bd35-b4cfda9cf605", "source_id": "c89a0380-f193-47be-bd35-b4cfda9cf605", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interplay of charge and heat transport in a nano-junction in the\n out-of-equilibrium cotunneling regime", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the charge transport and the heat transfer through a nano-junction\ncomposed of a small metallic grain weakly coupled to two metallic leads. We\nfocus on the cotunneling regime out-of-equilibrium, where the bias voltage and\nthe temperature gradient between the leads strongly drive electron and phonon\ndegrees of freedom in the grain that in turn have a strong feedback on the\ntransport through the grain. We derive and solve coupled kinetic equations for\nelectron and phonon degrees of freedom in the grain. We obtain the heat fluxes\nbetween cotunneling electrons, bosonic electron-hole excitations in the grain,\nand phonons, and self-consistently find the current-voltage characteristics. We\ndemonstrate that the transport in the nano-junction is very sensitive to the\nspectrum of the bosonic modes in the grain.\n" }, { "id": "d76bb02a-5a95-48ec-9cdb-c76377e4f8eb", "adv_source_id": "d76bb02a-5a95-48ec-9cdb-c76377e4f8eb", "source_id": "d76bb02a-5a95-48ec-9cdb-c76377e4f8eb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Short Intense Laser Pulse Collapse in Near-Critical Plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is observed that the interaction of an intense ultra-short laser pulse\nwith an overdense gas jet results in the pulse collapse and the deposition of a\nsignificant part of energy in a small and well localized volume in the rising\npart of the gas jet, where the electrons are efficiently accelerated and\nheated. A collisionless plasma expansion over 150 microns at a sub-relativistic\nvelocity (~c/3) has been optically monitored in time and space, and attributed\nto the quasistatic field ionization of the gas associated to the hot electron\ncurrent. Numerical simulations in good agreement with the observations suggest\nthe acceleration in the collapse region of relativistic electrons, along with\nthe excitation of a sizeable magnetic dipole that sustains the electron current\nover several picoseconds. Perspectives of ion beam generation at high\nrepetition rate directly from gas jets are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "092c5a26-4204-4ff8-a6c2-37234d284085", "adv_source_id": "092c5a26-4204-4ff8-a6c2-37234d284085", "source_id": "092c5a26-4204-4ff8-a6c2-37234d284085", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Free and cofree Hopf algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " We first prove that a graded, connected, free and cofree Hopf algebra is\nalways self-dual; then that two graded, connected, free and cofree Hopf\nalgebras are isomorphic if, and only if, they have the same Poincar\\'e-Hilbert\nformal series. If the characteristic of the base field is zero, we prove that\nthe Lie algebra of the primitive elements of such an object is free, and we\ndeduce a characterization of the formal series of free and cofree Hopf algebras\nby a condition of growth of the coefficients. We finally show that two graded,\nconnected, free and cofree Hopf algebras are isomorphic as (non graded) Hopf\nalgebras if, and only if, the Lie algebra of their primitive elements have the\nsame number of generators.\n" }, { "id": "bed6c83f-cfc1-4c31-9070-56e59351d0d3", "adv_source_id": "bed6c83f-cfc1-4c31-9070-56e59351d0d3", "source_id": "bed6c83f-cfc1-4c31-9070-56e59351d0d3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scientific Case for Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change to Protect Young\n People and Nature", "prompt": null, "generation": " Global warming due to human-made gases, mainly CO2, is already 0.8{\\deg}C and\ndeleterious climate impacts are growing worldwide. More warming is 'in the\npipeline' because Earth is out of energy balance, with absorbed solar energy\nexceeding planetary heat radiation. Maintaining a climate that resembles the\nHolocene, the world of stable shorelines in which civilization developed,\nrequires rapidly reducing fossil fuel CO2 emissions. Such a scenario is\neconomically sensible and has multiple benefits for humanity and other species.\nYet fossil fuel extraction is expanding, including highly carbon-intensive\nsources that can push the climate system beyond tipping points such that\namplifying feedbacks drive further climate change that is practically out of\nhumanity's control. This situation raises profound moral issues as young\npeople, future generations, and nature, with no possibility of protecting their\nfuture well-being, will bear the principal consequences of actions and\ninactions of today's adults.\n" }, { "id": "560e1978-3c28-4900-b759-84f91401e21c", "adv_source_id": "560e1978-3c28-4900-b759-84f91401e21c", "source_id": "560e1978-3c28-4900-b759-84f91401e21c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Horizontal flows concurrent with an X2.2 flare in active region NOAA\n 11158", "prompt": null, "generation": " Horizontal proper motions were measured with local correlation tracking (LCT)\ntechniques in active region NOAA 11158 on 2011 February 15 at a time when a\nmajor (X2.2) solar flare occurred. The measurements are based on continuum\nimages and magnetograms of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the\nSolar Dynamics Observatory. The observed shear flows along the polarity\ninversion line were rather weak (a few 100 m/s). The counter-streaming region\nshifted toward the north after the flare. A small circular area with flow\nspeeds of up to 1.2 km/s appeared after the flare near a region of rapid\npenumbral decay. The LCT signal in this region was provided by small-scale\nphotospheric brigthenings, which were associated with fast traveling moving\nmagnetic features. Umbral strengthening and rapid penumbral decay was observed\nafter the flare. Both phenomena were closely tied to kernels of white-light\nflare emission. The white-light flare only lasted for about 15 min and peaked 4\nmin earlier than the X-ray flux. In comparison to other major flares, the X2.2\nflare in active region NOAA 11158 only produced diminutive photospheric\nsignatures.\n" }, { "id": "87c23e09-10a6-4e3b-a34e-7725b3cc1052", "adv_source_id": "87c23e09-10a6-4e3b-a34e-7725b3cc1052", "source_id": "87c23e09-10a6-4e3b-a34e-7725b3cc1052", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analytical maximum-likelihood method to detect patterns in real networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " In order to detect patterns in real networks, randomized graph ensembles that\npreserve only part of the topology of an observed network are systematically\nused as fundamental null models. However, their generation is still\nproblematic. The existing approaches are either computationally demanding and\nbeyond analytic control, or analytically accessible but highly approximate.\nHere we propose a solution to this long-standing problem by introducing an\nexact and fast method that allows to obtain expectation values and standard\ndeviations of any topological property analytically, for any binary, weighted,\ndirected or undirected network. Remarkably, the time required to obtain the\nexpectation value of any property is as short as that required to compute the\nsame property on the single original network. Our method reveals that the null\nbehavior of various correlation properties is different from what previously\nbelieved, and highly sensitive to the particular network considered. Moreover,\nour approach shows that important structural properties (such as the modularity\nused in community detection problems) are currently based on incorrect\nexpressions, and provides the exact quantities that should replace them.\n" }, { "id": "cd93402d-f2fd-4faf-8686-62b0e6f2b031", "adv_source_id": "cd93402d-f2fd-4faf-8686-62b0e6f2b031", "source_id": "cd93402d-f2fd-4faf-8686-62b0e6f2b031", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generalized Galileon cosmology", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the cosmology of a generalized Galileon field $\\phi$ with five\ncovariant Lagrangians in which $\\phi$ is replaced by general scalar functions\n$f_{i}(\\phi)$ (i=1,...,5). For these theories, the equations of motion remain\nat second-order in time derivatives. We restrict the functional forms of\n$f_{i}(\\phi)$ from the demand to obtain de Sitter solutions responsible for\ndark energy. There are two possible choices for power-law functions\n$f_{i}(\\phi)$, depending on whether the coupling $F(\\phi)$ with the Ricci\nscalar $R$ is independent of $\\phi$ or depends on $\\phi$. The former\ncorresponds to the covariant Galileon theory that respects the Galilean\nsymmetry in the Minkowski space-time. For generalized Galileon theories we\nderive the conditions for the avoidance of ghosts and Laplacian instabilities\nassociated with scalar and tensor perturbations as well as the condition for\nthe stability of de Sitter solutions. We also carry out detailed analytic and\nnumerical study for the cosmological dynamics in those theories.\n" }, { "id": "7b5b236e-266f-4fbf-b68f-eb26d3f83728", "adv_source_id": "7b5b236e-266f-4fbf-b68f-eb26d3f83728", "source_id": "7b5b236e-266f-4fbf-b68f-eb26d3f83728", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Can an underestimation of opacity explain B-type pulsators in the SMC?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Slowly Pulsating B and $\\beta$ Cephei are $\\kappa$ mechanism driven pulsating\nB stars. That $\\kappa$ mechanism works since a peak in the opacity due to a\nhigh number of atomic transitions from iron-group elements occurs in the area\nof $\\log T \\approx 5.3$. Theoretical results predict very few SPBs and no\n$\\beta$ Cep to be encountered in low metallicity environments such as the Small\nMagellanic Cloud. However recent variability surveys of B stars in the SMC\nreported the detection of a significant number of SPB and $\\beta$ Cep\ncandidates. Though the iron content plays a major role in the excitation of\n$\\beta$ Cep and SPB pulsations, the chemical mixture representative of the SMC\nB stars such as recently derived does not leave room for a significant increase\nof the iron abundance in these stars. Whilst abundance of iron-group elements\nseems reliable, is the opacity in the iron-group elements bump underestimated?\nWe determine how the opacity profile in B-type stars should change to excite\nSPB and $\\beta$ Cep pulsations in early-type stars of the SMC.\n" }, { "id": "63862a96-53e4-49ce-9e55-d0e18d4a9370", "adv_source_id": "63862a96-53e4-49ce-9e55-d0e18d4a9370", "source_id": "63862a96-53e4-49ce-9e55-d0e18d4a9370", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Escaping Prisoner's Dilemmas: From Discord to Harmony in the Landscape\n of 2x2 Games", "prompt": null, "generation": " Changes in payoffs can transform Prisoner's Dilemma and other social dilemmas\ninto harmonious win-win games. Using the Robinson-Goforth topology of 2x2\ngames, this paper analyzes how payoff swaps turn Prisoner's Dilemma into other\ngames, compares Prisoner's Dilemmas with other families of games, traces paths\nthat affect the difficulty of transforming Prisoner's Dilemma and other social\ndilemmas into win-win games, and shows how ties connect simpler and more\ncomplex games. Charts illustrate the relationships between the 144 strict\nordinal 2x2 games, the 38 symmetric 2x2 ordinal games with and without ties,\nand the complete set of 1,413 2x2 ordinal games. Payoffs from the symmetric\nordinal 2x2 games combine to form asymmetric games, generating coordinates for\na simple labeling scheme to uniquely identify and locate all asymmetric ordinal\n2x2 games. The expanded topology elegantly maps relationships between 2x2 games\nwith and without ties, enables a systematic understanding of the potential for\ntransformations in social dilemmas and other strategic interactions, offers a\ntool for institutional analysis and design, and locates a variety of\ninteresting games for further research.\n" }, { "id": "a4035864-ed46-472b-89bf-52b843798b6f", "adv_source_id": "a4035864-ed46-472b-89bf-52b843798b6f", "source_id": "a4035864-ed46-472b-89bf-52b843798b6f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Full QCD calculation of neutron electric dipole moment with the external\n electric field method", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have calculated the neutron electric dipole moment (NEDM) in the presence\nof the CP violating $\\theta$ term in lattice QCD with 2-flavor dynamical clover\nquarks, using the external electric field method. Accumulating a large number\nof statistics by the averages over 16 different source points and over forward\nand backward nucleon propagators, we have obtained non-zero signals of neutron\nand proton EDM beyond one standard deviation at each quark mass in full QCD. We\nhave investigated the quark mass dependence of nucleon EDM in full QCD, and\nhave found that nucleon EDM in full QCD does not decrease toward the chiral\nlimit, as opposed to the theoretical expectation. We briefly discuss possible\nreasons for this behavior.\n" }, { "id": "8aa10bc1-ffcf-4e73-bf39-c79857750712", "adv_source_id": "8aa10bc1-ffcf-4e73-bf39-c79857750712", "source_id": "8aa10bc1-ffcf-4e73-bf39-c79857750712", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A New Look at an Old Tool-the Cumulative Spectral Power of Fast-Fourier\n Transform Analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " As an old and widely used tool, it is still possible to find new insights and\napplications from Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based analyses. The FFT is\nfrequently used to generate the Power Spectral Density (PSD) function, by\nsquaring the spectral components that have been corrected for influence from\nthe instrument that generated the data. Although better than a raw-data\nspectrum, by removing influence of the instrument transfer function, the PSD is\nstill of limited value for time varying signals with noise, due to the very\nnature of the Fourier transform. The authors present here another way to treat\nthe FFT data, namely the Cumulative Spectral Power (CSP), as a promising means\nto overcome some of these limitations. As will be seen from the examples\nprovided, the CSP holds promise in a variety of different fields.\n" }, { "id": "754d7d03-2812-429c-8d6c-dc67b2396177", "adv_source_id": "754d7d03-2812-429c-8d6c-dc67b2396177", "source_id": "754d7d03-2812-429c-8d6c-dc67b2396177", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of 2D transport in graphene for correlated disorder", "prompt": null, "generation": " We theoretically revisit graphene transport properties as a function of\ncarrier density, taking into account possible correlations in the spatial\ndistribution of the Coulomb impurity disorder in the environment. We find that\nthe charged impurity correlations give rise to a density dependent graphene\nconductivity, which agrees well qualitatively with the existing experimental\ndata. We also find, quite unexpectedly, that the conductivity could increase\nwith increasing impurity density if there is sufficient inter-impurity\ncorrelation present in the system. In particular, the linearity (sublinearity)\nof graphene conductivity at lower (higher) gate voltage is naturally explained\nas arising solely from impurity correlation effects in the Coulomb disorder.\n" }, { "id": "6526e6dd-f1c5-48ee-8a7a-6770ba756b8c", "adv_source_id": "6526e6dd-f1c5-48ee-8a7a-6770ba756b8c", "source_id": "6526e6dd-f1c5-48ee-8a7a-6770ba756b8c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin Current Generation as a Nonequilibrium Kondo Effect in a Spin-orbit\n Mesoscopic Interferometer", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study nonequilibrium generation of spin-dependent transport through a\nsingle-level quantum dot embedded in a ring with the Rashba spin-orbit\ncoupling. We consider nonmagnetic systems, involving no magnetic field nor\nferromagnetic leads. It is theoretically predicted that large spin-dependent\ncurrent occurs as a combined effect of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction, the\nKondo effect, and nonequilibrium effect, without using magnetic field or\nmaterial. The phenomenon is viewed as a new nonequilibrium correlation effect\nthat disappears when either interaction or finite bias is absent. We show how\nthe Kondo physics is connected with such emergent spin phenomenon by employing\nthe finite interaction slave-boson approach.\n" }, { "id": "ef03f60c-5073-418f-b33b-bdfcbfc1c481", "adv_source_id": "ef03f60c-5073-418f-b33b-bdfcbfc1c481", "source_id": "ef03f60c-5073-418f-b33b-bdfcbfc1c481", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Ultimatum Game in Complex Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We address the problem of how cooperative (altruistic-like) behavior arises\nin natural and social systems by analyzing an ultimatum game in complex\nnetworks. Specifically, three types of players are considered: (a) empathetic,\nwhose aspiration level and offer are equal, (b) pragmatic, who do not\ndistinguish between the different roles and aim to obtain the same benefit, and\n(c) agents whose aspiration level and offer are independent. We analyze the\nasymptotic behavior of pure populations on different topologies using two kinds\nof strategic update rules. Natural selection, which relies on replicator\ndynamics, and Social Penalty, inspired in the Bak-Sneppen dynamics, in which\nplayers are subjected to a social selection rule penalizing not only the less\nfitted individuals, but also their first neighbors. We discuss the emergence of\nfairness in the different settings and network topologies.\n" }, { "id": "58a5b394-dec4-4978-b3f5-094883268a9d", "adv_source_id": "58a5b394-dec4-4978-b3f5-094883268a9d", "source_id": "58a5b394-dec4-4978-b3f5-094883268a9d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Subsystem Code Constructions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Subsystem codes are the most versatile class of quantum error-correcting\ncodes known to date that combine the best features of all known passive and\nactive error-control schemes. The subsystem code is a subspace of the quantum\nstate space that is decomposed into a tensor product of two vector spaces: the\nsubsystem and the co-subsystem. A generic method to derive subsystem codes from\nexisting subsystem codes is given that allows one to trade the dimensions of\nsubsystem and co-subsystem while maintaining or improving the minimum distance.\nAs a consequence, it is shown that all pure MDS subsystem codes are derived\nfrom MDS stabilizer codes. The existence of numerous families of MDS subsystem\ncodes is established. Propagation rules are derived that allow one to obtain\nlonger and shorter subsystem codes from given subsystem codes. Furthermore,\npropagation rules are derived that allow one to construct a new subsystem code\nby combining two given subsystem codes.\n" }, { "id": "b4f273d6-335b-4c51-b63b-bd40af651a4e", "adv_source_id": "b4f273d6-335b-4c51-b63b-bd40af651a4e", "source_id": "b4f273d6-335b-4c51-b63b-bd40af651a4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scaling and dynamics of sphere and disk impact into granular media", "prompt": null, "generation": " Direct measurements of the acceleration of spheres and disks impacting\ngranular media reveal simple power law scalings along with complex dynamics\nwhich bear the signatures of both fluid and solid behavior. The penetration\ndepth scales linearly with impact velocity while the collision duration is\nconstant for sufficiently large impact velocity. Both quantities exhibit power\nlaw dependence on sphere diameter and density, and gravitational acceleration.\nThe acceleration during impact is characterized by two jumps: a rapid, velocity\ndependent increase upon initial contact and a similarly sharp, depth dependent\ndecrease as the impacting object comes to rest. Examining the measured forces\non the sphere in the vicinity of these features leads to a new experimentally\nbased granular force model for collision. We discuss our findings in the\ncontext of recently proposed phenomenological models that capture qualitative\ndynamical features of impact but fail both quantitatively and in their\ninability to capture significant acceleration fluctuations that occur during\npenetration and which depend on the impacted material.\n" }, { "id": "447ae04c-1914-4dd1-80f0-9446f9d6bc87", "adv_source_id": "447ae04c-1914-4dd1-80f0-9446f9d6bc87", "source_id": "447ae04c-1914-4dd1-80f0-9446f9d6bc87", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Consecutive Minors for Dyson's Brownian Motions", "prompt": null, "generation": " In 1962, Dyson introduced dynamics in random matrix models, in particular\ninto GUE (also for beta=1 and 4), by letting the entries evolve according to\nindependent Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. Dyson shows the spectral points of\nthe matrix evolve according to non-intersecting Brownian motions. The present\npaper shows that the interlacing spectra of two consecutive principal minors\nform a Markov process (diffusion) as well. This diffusion consists of two sets\nof Dyson non-intersecting Brownian motions, with a specific interaction\nrespecting the interlacing. This is revealed in the form of the generator, the\ntransition probability and the invariant measure, which are provided here; this\nis done in all cases: beta=1,~2,~4. It is also shown that the spectra of three\nconsecutive minors ceases to be Markovian for \\beta=2,~4.\n" }, { "id": "9ef23eee-3831-4519-b899-a08eafe94f7c", "adv_source_id": "9ef23eee-3831-4519-b899-a08eafe94f7c", "source_id": "9ef23eee-3831-4519-b899-a08eafe94f7c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "L\\^e cycles and Milnor classes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The purpose of this work is to establish a link between the theory of Chern\nclasses for singular varieties and the geometry of the varieties in question.\nNamely, we show that if $Z$ is a hypersurface in a compact complex manifold,\ndefined by the zero-scheme of a nonzero holomorphic section of a very ample\nline bundle, then its Milnor classes, regarded as elements in the Chow group of\n$Z$, determine the global L\\^e cycles of $Z$; and viceversa: The L\\^e cycles\ndetermine the Milnor classes. Morally this implies, among other things, that\nthe Milnor classes determine the topology of the local Milnor fibres at each\npoint of $Z$, and the geometry of the local Milnor fibres determines the\ncorresponding Milnor classes.\n" }, { "id": "0d1d16dd-4a01-4997-a89f-3495e0a01364", "adv_source_id": "0d1d16dd-4a01-4997-a89f-3495e0a01364", "source_id": "0d1d16dd-4a01-4997-a89f-3495e0a01364", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey: Milky Way data", "prompt": null, "generation": " Since autumn 2008 an L-band 7-Feed-Array is operated for astronomical science\nat the 100-m radio telescope at Effelsberg. This receiver is used to perform an\nunbiased, fully sampled HI survey of the whole northern hemisphere observing\nboth the galactic and extragalactic sky in parallel - the Effelsberg-Bonn HI\nsurvey (EBHIS). We present first results based on the Milky Way data. Up to now\ntwo larger coherent regions were mapped each covering about 2000 square\ndegrees. One of these fields covers the northern part of the high-velocity\ncloud complex GCN. With the better angular resolution of the EBHIS we resolve\nthe previously detected clouds into isolated compact clumps and find a\nlinewidth-radial velocity relation giving hints on an interaction of accreting\nmaterial with the Milky Way halo.\n" }, { "id": "716f498c-b829-4b99-a6cd-afd3d84a3367", "adv_source_id": "716f498c-b829-4b99-a6cd-afd3d84a3367", "source_id": "716f498c-b829-4b99-a6cd-afd3d84a3367", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Order of precedence and age of Y-DNA haplotypes", "prompt": null, "generation": " A simple method, inspired by procedures used in physics of nuclear\nmultifragmentation, allows to establish order of precedence and age of pairs of\nhaplotypes separated by one mutation. For both haplotypes of the pair, searches\nfor existing haplotypes, differing by increasing number of mutations, are\ncarried out using a database. The resulting ratios of frequences of haplotypes,\nfound at given mutation distances, are compared to calculated probability\nratios. The order of precedence and age of the pair of haplotypes can be\ndeduced when the resulting ratios follow hyperbolic dependence. Method can be\nused with relatively small and not necessarily complete samples, using publicly\naccessible databases.\n" }, { "id": "207e0020-f073-48fa-9098-c41eccada63e", "adv_source_id": "207e0020-f073-48fa-9098-c41eccada63e", "source_id": "207e0020-f073-48fa-9098-c41eccada63e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Concentration of symmetric eigenfunctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article we examine the concentration and oscillation effects\ndeveloped by high-frequency eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in a compact\nRiemannian manifold. More precisely, we are interested in the structure of the\npossible invariant semiclassical measures obtained as limits of Wigner measures\ncorresponding to eigenfunctions. These measures describe simultaneously the\nconcentration and oscillation effects developed by a sequence of\neigenfunctions. We present some results showing how to obtain invariant\nsemiclassical measures from eigenfunctions with prescribed symmetries. As an\napplication of these results, we give a simple proof of the fact that in a\nmanifold of constant positive sectional curvature, every measure which is\ninvariant by the geodesic flow is an invariant semiclassical measure.\n" }, { "id": "edb5f8af-2c35-4dae-8186-113002f6a7b6", "adv_source_id": "edb5f8af-2c35-4dae-8186-113002f6a7b6", "source_id": "edb5f8af-2c35-4dae-8186-113002f6a7b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A non-finitely generated algebra of Frobenius maps", "prompt": null, "generation": " The purpose of this paper is to answer a question raised by Gennady Lyubeznik\nand Karen Smith. This question involves the finite generation of the following\nnon-commutative algebra.\n Let $S$ be any commutative algebra of prime characteristic $p$. For any\n$S$-module $M$ and all $e\\geq 0$ we let $\\mathcal{F}^e(M)$ denote the set of\nall additive functions $\\phi: M \\to M$ with the property that $\\phi(s\nm)=s^{p^e} \\phi(m)$ for all $s\\in S$ and $m\\in M$. For all $e_1, e_2 \\geq 0$,\nand $\\phi_1\\in \\mathcal{F}^{e_1}(M)$, $\\phi_2\\in \\mathcal{F}^{e_2}(M)$ the\ncomposition $\\phi_2 \\circ \\phi_1$ is in $\\mathcal{F}^{e_1+e_2}(M)$. Also, each\n$\\mathcal{F}^{e}(M)$ is a module over $\\mathcal{F}^{0}(M)=\\Hom_{S}(M,M)$ via\n$\\phi_0 \\phi=\\phi_0 \\circ \\phi$. We now define $\\mathcal{F}(M)=\\oplus_{e\\geq 0}\n\\mathcal{F}^e(M)$ and endow it with the structure of a $\\Hom_{S}(M,M)$-algebra\nwith multiplication given by composition.\n We construct an example of an Artinian module over a complete local ring $S$\nfor which $\\mathcal{F}(M)$ is not a finitely generated $\\Hom_{S}(M,M)$-algebra,\nthus giving a negative answer to the question raised by Lyubeznik and Smith.\n" }, { "id": "917c6414-6f95-45a3-838e-80e88e53cd31", "adv_source_id": "917c6414-6f95-45a3-838e-80e88e53cd31", "source_id": "917c6414-6f95-45a3-838e-80e88e53cd31", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of the Proton's Weak Charge at the Qweak Experiment", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Laboratory measures the parity violating\nasymmetry of polarized electrons scattering from a proton target at very low\nmomentum transfer. In the Standard Model, this asymmetry reveals the proton's\ncoupling to the neutral vector current, the weak charge. This value, measured\ndirectly for the first time, will provide a precision test of the Standard\nModel and will constrain the possibility of relevant physics beyond the\nStandard Model. The planned precision will probe certain classes of new physics\nat the ~2 TeV scale. In order to challenge the precise predictions, the\nasymmetry will be measured with a 2.5 percent accuracy. To achieve such a\nprecision, great care has to be taken on many aspects of the experiment. The\nvery low momentum transfer reduces the hadronic effects to the asymmetry and\nmust be determined to half of a percent accuracy. Beam stability is controlled\nand monitored constantly and background events are carefully studied.\n" }, { "id": "06c31450-d453-4331-8c99-840e4c1e79ad", "adv_source_id": "06c31450-d453-4331-8c99-840e4c1e79ad", "source_id": "06c31450-d453-4331-8c99-840e4c1e79ad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Twisted Quantum Double Model of Topological Phases in Two--Dimension", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new discrete model---the twisted quantum double model---of 2D\ntopological phases based on a finite group $G$ and a 3-cocycle $\\alpha$ over\n$G$. The detailed properties of the ground states are studied, and we find that\nthe ground--state subspace can be characterized in terms of the twisted quantum\ndouble $D^{\\alpha}(G)$ of $G$. When $\\alpha$ is the trivial 3-cocycle, the\nmodel becomes Kitaev's quantum double model based on the finite group $G$, in\nwhich the elementary excitations are known to be classified by the quantum\ndouble $D(G)$ of $G$. Our model can be viewed as a Hamiltonian extension of the\nDijkgraaf--Witten topological gauge theories to the discrete graph case with\ngauge group being a finite group. We also demonstrate a duality between a large\nclass of Levin-Wen string-net models and certain twisted quantum double models,\nby mapping the string--net 6j symbols to the corresponding 3-cocycles. The\npaper is presented in a way such that it is accessible to a wide range of\nphysicists.\n" }, { "id": "4347d75d-9bd3-4cb0-9fa0-ee783dba22ed", "adv_source_id": "4347d75d-9bd3-4cb0-9fa0-ee783dba22ed", "source_id": "4347d75d-9bd3-4cb0-9fa0-ee783dba22ed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic levitation on a type-I superconductor as a practical\n demonstration experiment for students", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe and discuss an experimental set-up which allows undergraduate and\ngraduate students to view and study magnetic levitation on a type-I\nsuperconductor. The demonstration can be repeated many times using one readily\navailable 25 liter liquid helium dewar. We study the equilibrium position of a\nmagnet that levitates over a lead bowl immersed in a liquid hand-held helium\ncryostat. We combine the measurement of the position of the magnet with simple\nanalytical calculations. This provides a vivid visualization of magnetic\nlevitation from the balance between pure flux expulsion and gravitation. The\nexperiment contrasts and illustrates the case of magnetic levitation with high\ntemperature type-II superconductors using liquid nitrogen, where levitation\nresults from partial flux expulsion and vortex physics.\n" }, { "id": "9709285a-281e-4702-89f6-140f820ade67", "adv_source_id": "9709285a-281e-4702-89f6-140f820ade67", "source_id": "9709285a-281e-4702-89f6-140f820ade67", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Universal inequalities for the eigenvalues of a power of the Laplace\n operator", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we obtain a new abstract formula relating eigenvalues of a\nself-adjoint operator to two families of symmetric and skew-symmetric operators\nand their commutators. This formula generalizes earlier ones obtained by\nHarrell, Stubbe, Hook, Ashbaugh, Hermi, Levitin and Parnovski. We also show how\none can use this abstract formulation both for giving dierent and simpler\nproofs for all the known results obtained for the eigenvalues of a power of the\nLaplace operator (i.e. the Dirichlet Laplacian, the clamped plate problem for\nthe bilaplacian and more generally for the polyharmonic problem on a bounded\nEuclidean domain) and to obtain new ones. In a last paragraph, we derive new\nbounds for eigenvalues of any power of the Kohn Laplacian on the Heisenberg\ngroup.\n" }, { "id": "3cc5d6f9-1dd9-4b3f-8276-55af9be88a12", "adv_source_id": "3cc5d6f9-1dd9-4b3f-8276-55af9be88a12", "source_id": "3cc5d6f9-1dd9-4b3f-8276-55af9be88a12", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Using metallic photonic crystals as visible light sources", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we study numerically and experimentally the possibility of\nusing metallic photonic crystals (PCs) of different geometries (log-piles,\ndirect and inverse opals) as visible light sources. It is found that by tuning\ngeometrical parameters of a direct opal PC one can achieve substantial\nreduction of the emissivity in the infrared along with its increase in the\nvisible. We take into account disorder of the PC elements in their sizes and\npositions, and get quantitative agreement between the numerical and\nexperimental results. We analyze the influence of known temperature-resistant\nrefractory host materials necessary for fixing the PC elements, and find that\nPC effects become completely destroyed at high temperatures due to the host\nabsorption. Therefore, creating PC-based visible light sources requires that\nlow-absorbing refractory materials for embedding medium be found.\n" }, { "id": "51be8b2d-9dca-4437-9998-8ea681a75fdf", "adv_source_id": "51be8b2d-9dca-4437-9998-8ea681a75fdf", "source_id": "51be8b2d-9dca-4437-9998-8ea681a75fdf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Feasibility of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with noisy\n coherent states", "prompt": null, "generation": " We address security of the quantum key distribution scheme based on the noisy\nmodulation of coherent states and investigate how it is robust against noise in\nthe modulation regardless of the particular technical implementation. As the\ntrusted preparation noise is shown to be security breaking even for purely\nlossy channels, we reveal the essential difference between two types of trusted\nnoise, namely sender-side preparation noise and receiver-side detection noise,\nthe latter being security preserving. We consider the method of sender-side\nstate purification to compensate the preparation noise and show its\napplicability in the realistic conditions of channel loss, untrusted channel\nexcess noise, and trusted detection noise. We show that purification makes the\nscheme robust to the preparation noise (i.e., even the arbitrary noisy coherent\nstates can in principle be used for the purpose of quantum key distribution).\nWe also take into account the effect of realistic reconciliation and show that\nthe purification method is still efficient in this case up to a limited value\nof preparation noise.\n" }, { "id": "385b399e-56aa-4449-bfbe-957d5e1c9a42", "adv_source_id": "385b399e-56aa-4449-bfbe-957d5e1c9a42", "source_id": "385b399e-56aa-4449-bfbe-957d5e1c9a42", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Distance and Proper Motion Measurement of the Red Supergiant, S Persei,\n with VLBI H2O Maser Astrometry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have conducted VLBA phase-referencing monitoring of H2O masers around the\nred supergiant, S Persei, for six years. We have fitted maser motions to a\nsimple expanding-shell model with a common annual parallax and stellar proper\nmotion, and obtained the annual parallax as 0.413+/-0.017 mas, and the stellar\nproper motion as (-0.49+/-0.23 mas/yr, -1.19+/-0.20 mas/yr) in right ascension\nand declination, respectively. The obtained annual parallax corresponds to the\ntrigonometric distance of 2.42+0.11-0.09 kpc. Assuming the Galactocentric\ndistance of the Sun of 8.5 kpc, the circular rotational velocity of the LSR at\nthe distance of the Sun of 220 km/s, and a flat Galactic rotation curve, S\nPersei is suggested to have a non-circular motion deviating from the Galactic\ncircular rotation for 15 km/s, which is mainly dominated by the anti rotation\ndirection component of 12.9+/-2.9 km/s. This red supergiant is thought to\nbelong to the OB association, Per OB1, so that this non-circular motion is\nrepresentative of a motion of the OB association in the Milky Way. This\nnon-circular motion is somewhat larger than that explained by the standard\ndensity-wave theory for a spiral galaxy, and is attributed to either a cluster\nshuffling of the OB association, or to non-linear interactions between\nnon-stationary spiral arms and multi-phase interstellar media. The latter comes\nfrom a new view of a spiral arm formation in the Milky Way suggested by recent\nlarge N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical simulations.\n" }, { "id": "b71f4b70-1a65-42ed-ae10-fef37bc49e76", "adv_source_id": "b71f4b70-1a65-42ed-ae10-fef37bc49e76", "source_id": "b71f4b70-1a65-42ed-ae10-fef37bc49e76", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The neutral heavy scalar productions associated with $Z_L$ in the\n littlest Higgs model at ILC and CLIC", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work, the production processes of heavy neutral scalar and pseudo\nscalar associated with standard model gauge boson $Z_L$ at future $e^{+}e^{-}$\ncolliders (ILC and CLIC) are examined. The total and differential cross\nsections are calculated for the processes in the context of the littlest Higgs\nmodel. Also dependence of production processes to littlest Higgs model\nparameters in the range of compatibility with electroweak precision\nmeasurements and decays to lepton flavor violating final states are analyzed.\nWe have found that both heavy scalar and pseudoscalar will be produced in\n$e^+e^-$ colliders. Also the depending on the model parameters, the neutral\nheavy scalar can be reconstructed or lepton flavor violating signals can be\nobserved.\n" }, { "id": "b11866ba-7a71-46ca-9a1e-45a18cc8205e", "adv_source_id": "b11866ba-7a71-46ca-9a1e-45a18cc8205e", "source_id": "b11866ba-7a71-46ca-9a1e-45a18cc8205e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extending higher derivations to rings and modules of quotients", "prompt": null, "generation": " A torsion theory is called differential (higher differential) if a derivation\n(higher derivation) can be extended from any module to the module of quotients\ncorresponding to the torsion theory. We study conditions equivalent to higher\ndifferentiability of a torsion theory. It is known that the Lambek, Goldie and\nany perfect torsion theories are differential. We show that these classes of\ntorsion theories are higher differential as well. Then, we study conditions\nunder which a higher derivation extended to a right module of quotients extends\nalso to a right module of quotients with respect to a larger torsion theory.\nLastly, we define and study the symmetric version of higher differential\ntorsion theories. We prove that the symmetric versions of the results on higher\ndifferential (one-sided) torsion theories hold for higher derivations on\nsymmetric modules of quotients. In particular, we prove that the symmetric\nLambek, Goldie and any perfect torsion theories are higher differential.\n" }, { "id": "21beef23-3b84-4109-9449-ab0f46d50517", "adv_source_id": "21beef23-3b84-4109-9449-ab0f46d50517", "source_id": "21beef23-3b84-4109-9449-ab0f46d50517", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cryptography in a Quantum World", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum computing had a profound impact on cryptography. Shor's discovery of\nan efficient quantum algorithm for factoring large integers implies that many\nexisting classical systems based on computational assumptions can be broken,\nonce a quantum computer is built. It is therefore imperative to find other\nmeans of implementing secure protocols. This thesis aims to contribute to the\nunderstanding of both the physical limitations, as well as the possibilities of\ncryptography in the quantum setting. In particular, we investigate several\nquestions that are crucial to the security of quantum protocols: How can we\nfind good uncertainty relations for a large number of measurement settings? How\ndoes the presence of entanglement affect classical protocols? And, what\nlimitations does entanglement impose on implementing quantum protocols?\nFinally, can we circumvent some of those limitations using realistic\nassumptions?\n" }, { "id": "cb912d59-dd18-4172-ad13-22007cc57a36", "adv_source_id": "cb912d59-dd18-4172-ad13-22007cc57a36", "source_id": "cb912d59-dd18-4172-ad13-22007cc57a36", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Power-law Distributions in Information Science - Making the Case for\n Logarithmic Binning", "prompt": null, "generation": " We suggest partial logarithmic binning as the method of choice for uncovering\nthe nature of many distributions encountered in information science (IS).\nLogarithmic binning retrieves information and trends \"not visible\" in noisy\npower-law tails. We also argue that obtaining the exponent from logarithmically\nbinned data using a simple least square method is in some cases warranted in\naddition to methods such as the maximum likelihood. We also show why often used\ncumulative distributions can make it difficult to distinguish noise from\ngenuine features, and make it difficult to obtain an accurate power-law\nexponent of the underlying distribution. The treatment is non-technical, aimed\nat IS researchers with little or no background in mathematics.\n" }, { "id": "6222f2b6-4db5-43dd-a6a1-c336072a082d", "adv_source_id": "6222f2b6-4db5-43dd-a6a1-c336072a082d", "source_id": "6222f2b6-4db5-43dd-a6a1-c336072a082d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Approaches to Curriculum and Teaching Materials to Bring Out Better\n Skilled Software Engineers-An Indian Perspective", "prompt": null, "generation": " Development of Curriculum and delivery materials has undergone changes over a\nperiod of time, in undergraduate engineering degree system in Indian\nuniversities. However, there exists a gap between industry expectations in IT\nfield and skills and knowledge that the graduating engineers possess and this\ncontinues to grow. A similar situation has been seen in the developed countries\nlike USA, UK and Australia. Several researchers and practitioners have\ndiscussed and tried to come up with innovative approaches to teaching software\nengineering and IT as a whole. In India, it is of vital importance that steps\nbe taken to address this issue seriously. This paper discusses some of the\nmeasures that have been implemented so that this gap is reduced and software\nengineers with better skills are produced. Changes to curriculum,\nindustry-academia collaboration through conferences, sabbaticals etc., industry\ninternships and live projects for final year students are some of the measures\nthat have been discussed in this paper. The implementation of these measures\nmay lead to fulfilling the growing requirement for skilled software engineers\nwho can handle the industry challenges.\n" }, { "id": "bc30f7d2-eff8-4c75-920c-9385894609a1", "adv_source_id": "bc30f7d2-eff8-4c75-920c-9385894609a1", "source_id": "bc30f7d2-eff8-4c75-920c-9385894609a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Parametric decay of oblique Alfv\\'en waves in two-dimensional hybrid\n simulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Certain types of plasma waves are known to become parametrically unstable\nunder specific plasma conditions, in which the pump wave will decay into\nseveral daughter waves with different wavenumbers and frequencies. In the past,\nthe related plasma instabilities have been treated analytically for various\nparameter regimes and by use of various numerical methods, yet the oblique\npropagation with respect to the background magnetic field has rarely been dealt\nwith in two dimensions, mainly because of the high computational demand. Here\nwe present a hybrid-simulation study of the parametric decay of a moderately\noblique Alfv\\'en wave having elliptical polarization. It is found that such a\ncompressive wave can decay into waves with higher and lower wavenumbers than\nthe pump.\n" }, { "id": "d1a7156f-e007-48dd-872a-99eb2f21d5e4", "adv_source_id": "d1a7156f-e007-48dd-872a-99eb2f21d5e4", "source_id": "d1a7156f-e007-48dd-872a-99eb2f21d5e4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in\n early-type galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " Much of our knowledge of galaxies comes from analysing the radiation emitted\nby their stars. It depends on the stellar initial mass function (IMF)\ndescribing the distribution of stellar masses when the population formed.\nConsequently knowledge of the IMF is critical to virtually every aspect of\ngalaxy evolution. More than half a century after the first IMF determination,\nno consensus has emerged on whether it is universal in different galaxies.\nPrevious studies indicated that the IMF and the dark matter fraction in galaxy\ncentres cannot be both universal, but they could not break the degeneracy\nbetween the two effects. Only recently indications were found that massive\nelliptical galaxies may not have the same IMF as our Milky Way. Here we report\nunambiguous evidence for a strong systematic variation of the IMF in early-type\ngalaxies as a function of their stellar mass-to-light ratio, producing\ndifferences up to a factor of three in mass. This was inferred from detailed\ndynamical models of the two-dimensional stellar kinematics for the large\nAtlas3D representative sample of nearby early-type galaxies spanning two orders\nof magnitude in stellar mass. Our finding indicates that the IMF depends\nintimately on a galaxy's formation history.\n" }, { "id": "cb0e6cfc-4e70-4b5c-b214-e40f8ddaf9f1", "adv_source_id": "cb0e6cfc-4e70-4b5c-b214-e40f8ddaf9f1", "source_id": "cb0e6cfc-4e70-4b5c-b214-e40f8ddaf9f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Early Results from the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper Southern Sky Survey", "prompt": null, "generation": " After a successful eleven-year campaign at Kitt Peak, we moved the Wisconsin\nH-Alpha Mapper (WHAM) to Cerro Tololo in early 2009. Here we present some of\nthe early data after a few months under southern skies. These maps begin to\ncomplete the first all-sky, kinematic survey of the diffuse H-alpha emission\nfrom the Milky Way. Much of this emission arises from the Warm Ionized Medium\n(WIM), a significant component of the ISM that extends a few kiloparsecs above\nthe Galactic disk. While this first look at the data focuses on the H-alpha\nsurvey, WHAM is also capable of observing many other optical emission lines,\nrevealing fascinating trends in the temperature and ionization state of the\nWIM. Our ongoing studies of the physical conditions of diffuse ionized gas will\ncontinue from the southern hemisphere following the H-alpha survey. In\naddition, future observations will cover the full velocity range of the\nMagellanic Stream, Bridge, and Clouds to trace the ionized gas associated with\nthese neighboring systems.\n" }, { "id": "0cd8414f-be6d-42dd-abdb-195d50863522", "adv_source_id": "0cd8414f-be6d-42dd-abdb-195d50863522", "source_id": "0cd8414f-be6d-42dd-abdb-195d50863522", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Chandra X-ray Observation of the Binary Millisecond Pulsar PSR\n J1023+0038", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a Chandra X-ray Observatory ACIS-S variability, spectroscopy, and\nimaging study of the peculiar binary containing the millisecond pulsar\nJ1023+0038. The X-ray emission from the system exhibits highly significant\n(12.5 sigma) large-amplitude (factor of 2-3) orbital variability over the five\nconsecutive orbits covered by the observation, with a pronounced decline in the\nflux at all energies at superior conjunction. This can be naturally explained\nby a partial geometric occultation by the secondary star of an X-ray--emitting\nintrabinary shock, produced by the interaction of outflows from the two stars.\nThe depth and duration of the eclipse imply that the intrabinary shock is\nlocalized near or at the surface of the companion star and close to the inner\nLagrangian point. The energetics of the shock favor a magnetically dominated\npulsar wind that is focused into the orbital plane, requiring close alignment\nof the pulsar spin and orbital angular momentum axes. The X-ray spectrum\nconsists of a dominant non-thermal component and at least one thermal\ncomponent, likely originating from the heated pulsar polar caps, although a\nportion of this emission may be from an optically-thin \"corona\". We find no\nevidence for extended emission due to a pulsar wind nebula or bow shock down to\na limiting luminosity of L_X<3.6x10^29 ergs s^-1 (0.3-8 keV), <7x10^-6 of the\npulsar spin-down luminosity, for a distance of 1.3 kpc and an assumed power-law\nspectrum with photon index Gamma=1.5.\n" }, { "id": "58382f34-3e1e-40e3-a0fd-31fc79d84a79", "adv_source_id": "58382f34-3e1e-40e3-a0fd-31fc79d84a79", "source_id": "58382f34-3e1e-40e3-a0fd-31fc79d84a79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Surface flux evolution constraints for flux transport dynamos", "prompt": null, "generation": " The surface flux transport (SFT) model of solar magnetic fields involves\nempirically well-constrained velocity and magnetic fields. The basic evolution\nof the Sun's large-scale surface magnetic field is well described by this\nmodel. The azimuthally averaged evolution of the SFT model can be compared to\nthe surface evolution of the flux transport dynamo (FTD), and the evolution of\nthe SFT model can be used to constrain several near-surface properties of the\nFTD model.\n We compared the results of the FTD model with different upper boundary\nconditions and diffusivity profiles against the results of the SFT model. Among\nthe ingredients of the FTD model, downward pumping of magnetic flux, related to\na positive diffusivity gradient, has a significant effect in slowing down the\ndiffusive radial transport of magnetic flux through the solar surface. Provided\nthe pumping was strong enough to give rise to a downflow of a magnetic Reynolds\nnumber of 5 in the near-surface boundary layer, the FTD using a vertical\nboundary condition matches the SFT model based on the average velocities above\nthe boundary layer. The FTD model with a potential field were unable to match\nthe SFT results.\n" }, { "id": "d343c0ad-bce5-4ef7-85b0-f1ba449a666b", "adv_source_id": "d343c0ad-bce5-4ef7-85b0-f1ba449a666b", "source_id": "d343c0ad-bce5-4ef7-85b0-f1ba449a666b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lattice refining loop quantum cosmology, anisotropic models and\n stability", "prompt": null, "generation": " A general class of loop quantizations for anisotropic models is introduced\nand discussed, which enhances loop quantum cosmology by relevant features seen\nin inhomogeneous situations. The main new effect is an underlying lattice which\nis being refined during dynamical changes of the volume. In general, this leads\nto a new feature of dynamical difference equations which may not have constant\nstep-size, posing new mathematical problems. It is discussed how such models\ncan be evaluated and what lattice refinements imply for semiclassical behavior.\nTwo detailed examples illustrate that stability conditions can put strong\nconstraints on suitable refinement models, even in the absence of a fundamental\nHamiltonian which defines changes of the underlying lattice. Thus, a large\nclass of consistency tests of loop quantum gravity becomes available. In this\ncontext, it will also be seen that quantum corrections due to inverse powers of\nmetric components in a constraint are much larger than they appeared recently\nin more special treatments of isotropic, free scalar models where they were\nartificially suppressed.\n" }, { "id": "3d374831-9f74-4d8d-a332-2dc807721ab0", "adv_source_id": "3d374831-9f74-4d8d-a332-2dc807721ab0", "source_id": "3d374831-9f74-4d8d-a332-2dc807721ab0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reconstruction of coefficients in scalar second-order elliptic equations\n from knowledge of their solutions", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper concerns the reconstruction of possibly complex-valued\ncoefficients in a second-order scalar elliptic equation posed on a bounded\ndomain from knowledge of several solutions of that equation. We show that for a\nsufficiently large number of solutions and for an open set of corresponding\nboundary conditions, all coefficients can be uniquely and stably reconstructed\nup to a well characterized gauge transformation. We also show that in some\nspecific situations, a minimum number of such available solutions equal to\n$I_n=\\frac12n(n+3)$ is sufficient to uniquely and globally reconstruct the\nunknown coefficients. This theory finds applications in several coupled-physics\nmedical imaging modalities including photo-acoustic tomography, transient\nelastography, and magnetic resonance elastography.\n" }, { "id": "0d633a2a-c723-488a-b0a6-cab4d1138675", "adv_source_id": "0d633a2a-c723-488a-b0a6-cab4d1138675", "source_id": "0d633a2a-c723-488a-b0a6-cab4d1138675", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Synchrotron signature of a relativistic blast wave with decaying\n microturbulence", "prompt": null, "generation": " Microphysics of weakly magnetized relativistic collisionless shock waves,\ncorroborated by recent high performance numerical simulations, indicate the\npresence of a microturbulent layer of large magnetic field strength behind the\nshock front, which must decay beyond some hundreds of skin depths. The present\npaper discusses the dynamics of such microturbulence, borrowing from these same\nnumerical simulations, and calculates the synchrotron signature of a powerlaw\nof shock accelerated particles. The decaying microturbulent layer is found to\nleave distinct signatures in the spectro-temporal evolution of the spectrum\n$F_\\nu \\propto t^{-\\alpha}\\nu^{-\\beta}$ of a decelerating blast wave, which are\npotentially visible in early multi-wavelength follow-up observations of\ngamma-ray bursts. This paper also discusses the influence of the evolving\nmicroturbulence on the acceleration process, with particular emphasis on the\nmaximal energy of synchrotron afterglow photons, which falls in the GeV range\nfor standard gamma-ray burst parameters. Finally, this paper argues that the\nevolving microturbulence plays a key role in shaping the spectra of recently\nobserved gamma-ray bursts with extended GeV emission, such as GRB090510.\n" }, { "id": "cff173e1-d5ef-49be-96d2-e093bcdcdd4f", "adv_source_id": "cff173e1-d5ef-49be-96d2-e093bcdcdd4f", "source_id": "cff173e1-d5ef-49be-96d2-e093bcdcdd4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observables in the 3 Flavor PNJL Model and their Relation to Eight Quark\n Interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Several relevant thermodynamic observables obtained within the (2+1) flavor\nand spin zero NJL and PNJL models with inclusion of the 't Hooft determinant\nand $8q$ interactions are compared with lattice-QCD (lQCD) results. In the case\nthat a small ratio $R=\\frac{\\mu_B}{T_c}\\sim 3$ at the critical end point (CEP)\nassociated with the hadron gas to quark-gluon plasma transition is considered,\ncombined with fits to the lQCD data of the trace anomaly[1], subtracted light\nquark condensate[1] and continuum extrapolated data of the light quark chiral\ncondensate[2], a reasonable description for the PNJL model is obtained with a\nstrength $g_1\\sim 5...6 \\times 10^3$ GeV$^{-8}$ of the $8q$ interactions. The\ndependence on the further model parameters is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "4f2d871e-8763-42fa-95f6-2c2c8d61b2ff", "adv_source_id": "4f2d871e-8763-42fa-95f6-2c2c8d61b2ff", "source_id": "4f2d871e-8763-42fa-95f6-2c2c8d61b2ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the fitting of mixtures of multivariate skew t-distributions via the\n EM algorithm", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show how the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm can be applied\nexactly for the fitting of mixtures of general multivariate skew t (MST)\ndistributions, eliminating the need for computationally expensive Monte Carlo\nestimation. Finite mixtures of MST distributions have proven to be useful in\nmodelling heterogeneous data with asymmetric and heavy tail behaviour.\nRecently, they have been exploited as an effective tool for modelling flow\ncytometric data. However, without restrictions on the the characterizations of\nthe component skew t-distributions, Monte Carlo methods have been used to fit\nthese models. In this paper, we show how the EM algorithm can be implemented\nfor the iterative computation of the maximum likelihood estimates of the model\nparameters without resorting to Monte Carlo methods for mixtures with\nunrestricted MST components. The fast calculation of semi-infinite integrals on\nthe E-step of the EM algorithm is effected by noting that they can be put in\nthe form of moments of the truncated multivariate t-distribution, which\nsubsequently can be expressed in terms of the non-truncated form of the\nt-distribution function for which fast algorithms are available. We demonstrate\nthe usefulness of the proposed methodology by some applications to three real\ndata sets.\n" }, { "id": "7c8877a9-f356-4606-8824-b3d065f67f7a", "adv_source_id": "7c8877a9-f356-4606-8824-b3d065f67f7a", "source_id": "7c8877a9-f356-4606-8824-b3d065f67f7a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The study of ground-level ozone in Kiev and its impact on public health", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ground-level ozone in Kiev for an episode of its high concentration in August\n2000 was simulated with the model of the urban air pollution UAM-V (Urban\nAirshed Model). The study of total ozone over Kiev and its concentration\nchanges with height in the troposphere is made on the basis of ground-based\nobservations with the infrared Fourier spectrometer at the Main Astronomical\nObservatory of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as a part of the\nESA-NIVR-KNMI no 2907. In 2008 the satellite Aura-OMI data OMO3PR on the\natmosphere ozone profiles became available. Beginning in 2005, these data\ninclude the ozone concentration in the lower layer of the atmosphere and can be\nused for the evaluation of the ground-level ozone concentrations in all cities\nof Ukraine. Some statistical investigation of ozone air pollution in Kiev and\nmedical statistics data on respiratory system was carried out with the\napplication of the \"Statistica\" package. The regression analysis, prognostic\nregression simulation, and retrospective prognosis of the epidemiological\nsituation with respect to respiratory system pathologies in Kiev during\n2000-2007 were performed.\n" }, { "id": "9a2293ba-b7b7-46cd-933b-ae338dde8143", "adv_source_id": "9a2293ba-b7b7-46cd-933b-ae338dde8143", "source_id": "9a2293ba-b7b7-46cd-933b-ae338dde8143", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Smooth double critical state theory for type-II superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Several aspects of the general theory for the critical states of a vortex\nlattice and the magnetic flux dynamics in type-II superconductors are examined\nby a direct variational optimisation method and widespread physical principles.\nOur method allows to unify a number of conventional models describing the\ncomplex vortex configurations in the critical state regime. Special attention\nis given to the discussion of the relation between the flux-line cutting\nmechanism and the depinning threshold limitation. This is done by using a\nsmooth double critical state concept which incorporates the so-called\nisotropic, elliptical, T and CT models as well-defined limits of our general\ntreatment. Starting from different initial configurations for a superconducting\nslab in a 3D magnetic field, we show that the predictions of the theory range\nfrom the collapse to zero of transverse magnetic moments in the isotropic\nmodel, to nearly force free configurations in which paramagnetic values can\narbitrarily increase with the applied field for magnetically anisotropic\ncurrent voltage laws. Noteworthily, the differences between the several model\npredictions are minimal for the low applied field regime.\n" }, { "id": "7cc5740b-9753-48d0-b3e5-b149dca8a9a1", "adv_source_id": "7cc5740b-9753-48d0-b3e5-b149dca8a9a1", "source_id": "7cc5740b-9753-48d0-b3e5-b149dca8a9a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Geometrical properties of a class of systems with spiral trajectories in\n R^3", "prompt": null, "generation": " Here we study a class of second-order nonautonomous differential equations,\nand the corresponding planar and spatial systems, from the point of view of\nfractal geometry. The fractal oscillatority of solutions at infinity is\nmeasured by oscillatory and phase dimensions. The oscillatory dimension is\ndefined as the box dimension of the reflected solution near the origin, while\nthe phase dimension is defined as the box dimension of a trajectory of the\ncorresponding planar system in the phase plane. Using the phase dimension of\nthe second-order equation we compute the box dimension of a spiral trajectory\nof the spatial system, lying in Lipschitzian or H\\\" olderian surfaces. This\nphase dimension of the second-order equation is connected to the asymptotics of\nthe associated Poincar\\'e map. Also, the box dimension of a trajectory of the\nreduced normal form with one eigenvalue equals to zero, and a pair of pure\nimaginary eigenvalues has been computed when limit cycles bifurcate from the\norigin.\n" }, { "id": "cb7fbce9-113d-4263-a58d-c081e1fca494", "adv_source_id": "cb7fbce9-113d-4263-a58d-c081e1fca494", "source_id": "cb7fbce9-113d-4263-a58d-c081e1fca494", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Convex Spaces I: Definition and Examples", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose an abstract definition of convex spaces as sets where one can take\nconvex combinations in a consistent way. A priori, a convex space is an algebra\nover a finitary version of the Giry monad. We identify the corresponding\nLawvere theory as the category from arXiv:0902.2554 and use the results\nobtained there to extract a concrete definition of convex space in terms of a\nfamily of binary operations satisfying certain compatibility conditions. After\ngiving an extensive list of examples of convex sets as they appear throughout\nmathematics and theoretical physics, we find that there also exist convex\nspaces that cannot be embedded into a vector space: semilattices are a class of\nexamples of purely combinatorial type. In an information-theoretic\ninterpretation, convex subsets of vector spaces are probabilistic, while\nsemilattices are possibilistic. Convex spaces unify these two concepts.\n" }, { "id": "b26d541f-586e-42e3-98c0-6e587621714b", "adv_source_id": "b26d541f-586e-42e3-98c0-6e587621714b", "source_id": "b26d541f-586e-42e3-98c0-6e587621714b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Monogamy of quantum correlations reveals frustration in a quantum Ising\n spin system: Experimental demonstration", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report a nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, which simulates the\nquantum transverse Ising spin system in a triangular configuration and further\nshow that the monogamy of quantum correlations can be used to distinguish\nbetween the frustrated and non-frustrated regimes in the ground state of this\nsystem. Adiabatic state preparation methods are used to prepare the ground\nstates of the spin system. We employ two different multipartite quantum\ncorrelation measures to analyze the experimental ground state of the system in\nboth the frustrated and non-frustrated regimes. In particular, we use\nmultipartite quantum correlation measures generated by monogamy considerations\nof negativity, a bipartite entanglement measure, and that of quantum discord,\nan information-theoretic quantum correlation measure. As expected from\ntheoretical predictions, the experimental data confirm that the non-frustrated\nregime shows higher multipartite quantum correlations compared to the\nfrustrated one.\n" }, { "id": "6058187e-6a72-4cb4-bc96-3bc15f0335b8", "adv_source_id": "6058187e-6a72-4cb4-bc96-3bc15f0335b8", "source_id": "6058187e-6a72-4cb4-bc96-3bc15f0335b8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Robust Secure Transmission in MISO Channels Based on Worst-Case\n Optimization", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper studies robust transmission schemes for multiple-input\nsingle-output (MISO) wiretap channels. Both the cases of direct transmission\nand cooperative jamming with a helper are investigated with imperfect channel\nstate information (CSI) for the eavesdropper links. Robust transmit covariance\nmatrices are obtained based on worst-case secrecy rate maximization, under both\nindividual and global power constraints. For the case of an individual power\nconstraint, we show that the non-convex maximin optimization problem can be\ntransformed into a quasiconvex problem that can be efficiently solved with\nexisting methods. For a global power constraint, the joint optimization of the\ntransmit covariance matrices and power allocation between the source and the\nhelper is studied via geometric programming. We also study the robust wiretap\ntransmission problem for the case with a quality-of-service constraint at the\nlegitimate receiver. Numerical results show the advantage of the proposed\nrobust design. In particular, for the global power constraint scenario,\nalthough cooperative jamming is not necessary for optimal transmission with\nperfect eavesdropper's CSI, we show that robust jamming support can increase\nthe worst-case secrecy rate and lower the signal to interference-plus-noise\nratio at Eve in the presence of channel mismatches between the transmitters and\nthe eavesdropper.\n" }, { "id": "6f03791c-f5da-41cd-bbd4-2a7e8a6de775", "adv_source_id": "6f03791c-f5da-41cd-bbd4-2a7e8a6de775", "source_id": "6f03791c-f5da-41cd-bbd4-2a7e8a6de775", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Discrete time approximation of decoupled Forward-Backward SDE driven by\n pure jump L\\'evy-processes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a new algorithms to discretize a decoupled forward backward\nstochastic differential equations driven by pure jump L\\'evy process (FBSDEL in\nshort). The method is built in two steps. Firstly, we approximate the FBSDEL by\na forward backward stochastic differential equations driven by a Brownian\nmotion and Poisson process (FBSDEBP in short), in which we replace the small\njumps by a Brownian motion. Then, we prove the convergence of the approximation\nwhen the size of small jumps $\\eps$ goes to 0. In the second step, we obtain\nthe $L^p$ H\\\"older continuity of the solution of FBSDEBP and we construct two\nnumerical schemes for this FBSDEBP. Based on the $L^p$ H\\\"older estimate, we\nprove the convergence of the scheme when the number of time steps $n$ goes to\ninfinity. Combining these two steps leads to prove the convergence of numerical\nschemes to the solution of FBSDEL.\n" }, { "id": "7631f364-e341-4dbb-baef-781061834aa6", "adv_source_id": "7631f364-e341-4dbb-baef-781061834aa6", "source_id": "7631f364-e341-4dbb-baef-781061834aa6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transgression to Loop Spaces and its Inverse, III: Gerbes and Thin\n Fusion Bundles", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that the category of abelian gerbes over a smooth manifold is\nequivalent to a certain category of principal bundles over the free loop space.\nThese principal bundles are equipped with fusion products and are equivariant\nwith respect to thin homotopies between loops. The equivalence is established\nby a functor called regression, and complements a similar equivalence for\nbundles and gerbes equipped with connections, derived previously in Part II of\nthis series of papers. The two equivalences provide a complete loop space\nformulation of the geometry of gerbes; functorial, monoidal, natural in the\nbase manifold, and consistent with passing from the setting \"with connections\"\nto the one \"without connections\". We discuss an application to lifting\nproblems, which provides in particular loop space formulations of spin\nstructures, complex spin structures, and spin connections.\n" }, { "id": "8fc0e39d-354c-409e-945b-161ae8b266d4", "adv_source_id": "8fc0e39d-354c-409e-945b-161ae8b266d4", "source_id": "8fc0e39d-354c-409e-945b-161ae8b266d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A coverage independent method to analyze large scale anisotropies", "prompt": null, "generation": " The arrival time distribution of cosmic ray events is well suited to extract\ninformation regarding sky anisotropies. For an experiment with nearly constant\nexposure, the frequency resolution one can achieve is given by the inverse of\nthe time $T$ during which the data was recorded. For $T$ larger than one\ncalendar year the resolution becomes sufficient to resolve the sidereal and\ndiurnal frequencies. Using a Fourier expansion on a modified time parameter, we\nshow in this note that one can accurately extract sidereal modulations without\nknowledge of the experimental coverage. This procedure also gives the full\nfrequency pattern of the event sample under studies which contains important\ninformation about possible systematics entering in the sidereal analysis. We\nalso show how this method allows to correct for those systematics. Finally, we\nshow that a two dimensional analysis, in the form of the spherical harmonic\n($Y_l^m$) decomposition, can be performed under the same conditions for all\n$m\\ne 0$.\n" }, { "id": "0cdca45b-06bf-48cf-802f-6a211d960f29", "adv_source_id": "0cdca45b-06bf-48cf-802f-6a211d960f29", "source_id": "0cdca45b-06bf-48cf-802f-6a211d960f29", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-Meissner electrodynamics and knotted solitons in two-component\n superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " I consider electrodynamics and the problem of knotted solitons in\ntwo-component superconductors. Possible existence of knotted solitons in\nmulticomponent superconductors was predicted several years ago. However their\nbasic properties and stability in these systems remains an outstandingly\ndifficult question both for analytical and numerical treatment. Here I propose\na new perturbative approach to treat self-consistently all the degrees of\nfreedom in the problem. I show that there exists a length scale for a Hopfion\ntexture where the electrodynamics of a two-component superconductor is\ndominated by a self-induced Faddeev term, which is a stark contrast to the\nMeissner electrodynamics of single-component systems. I also show that at\ncertain short length scales knotted solitons in two-component Ginzburg-Landau\nmodel are not described by a Faddeev-Skyrme-type model and are unstable.\nHowever these solitons can be stable at some intermediate length scales. I\nargue that configurations with a high topological charge may be more stable in\nthis system than low-topological-charge configurations. In the second part of\nthe paper I discuss qualitatively different physics of the stability of knotted\nsolitons in a more general Ginzburg-Landau model and point out the physically\nrelevant terms which enhance or suppress stability of the knotted solitons.\nWith this argument it is demonstrated that the generalized Ginburg-Landau model\npossesses stable knotted solitons.\n" }, { "id": "18716700-7336-4866-8282-f8a9758d11ba", "adv_source_id": "18716700-7336-4866-8282-f8a9758d11ba", "source_id": "18716700-7336-4866-8282-f8a9758d11ba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "How do curved spheres intersect in 3-space?", "prompt": null, "generation": " The following problem was proposed in 2010 by S. Lando.\n Let $M$ and $N$ be two unions of the same number of disjoint circles in a\nsphere. Do there always exist two spheres in 3-space such that their\nintersection is transversal and is a union of disjoint circles that is situated\nas $M$ in one sphere and as $N$ in the other? Union $M'$ of disjoint circles is\n{\\it situated} in one sphere as union $M$ of disjoint circles in the other\nsphere if there is a homeomorphism between these two spheres which maps $M'$ to\n$M$.\n We prove (by giving an explicit example) that the answer to this problem is\n\"no\". We also prove a necessary and sufficient condition on $M$ and $N$ for\nexisting of such intersecting spheres. This result can be restated in terms of\ngraphs. Such restatement allows for a trivial brute-force algorithm checking\nthe condition for any given $M$ and $N$. It is an open question if a faster\nalgorithm exist.\n" }, { "id": "2e471879-eb72-4045-801b-3ad9ada60951", "adv_source_id": "2e471879-eb72-4045-801b-3ad9ada60951", "source_id": "2e471879-eb72-4045-801b-3ad9ada60951", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement Renyi Entropies in Conformal Field Theories and Holography", "prompt": null, "generation": " An entanglement Renyi entropy for a spatial partition of a system is studied\nin conformal theories which admit a dual description in terms of an anti-de\nSitter gravity. The divergent part of the Renyi entropy is computed in 4D\nconformal N=4 super Yang-Mills theory at a weak coupling. This result is used\nto suggest a holographic formula which reproduces the Renyi entropy at least in\nthe leading approximation. The holographic Renyi entropy is an invariant\nfunctional set on a codimension 2 minimal hypersurface in the bulk geometry.\nThe bulk space does not depend on order $n$ of the Renyi entropy. The\nholographic Renyi entropy is a sum of local and non-local functionals\nmultiplied by polynomials of $1/n$.\n" }, { "id": "af0029c9-0c40-4e55-915c-7ad9e0fdc425", "adv_source_id": "af0029c9-0c40-4e55-915c-7ad9e0fdc425", "source_id": "af0029c9-0c40-4e55-915c-7ad9e0fdc425", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Characterization of an asynchronous source of heralded single photons\n generated at a wavelength of 1550 nm", "prompt": null, "generation": " We make a thorough analysis of heralded single photon sources regarding how\nfactors such as the detector gate-period, the photon rates, the fiber coupling\nefficiencies, and the system losses affect the performance of the source. In\nthe course of this we give a detailed description of how to determine fiber\ncoupling efficiencies from experimentally measurable quantities. We show that\nasynchronous sources perform, under most conditions, better than synchronous\nsources with respect to multiphoton events, but only for nearly perfect\ncoupling efficiencies. We apply the theory to an asynchronous source of\nheralded single photons based on spontaneous parametric downconversion in a\nperiodically poled, bulk, KTiOPO4 crystal. The source generates light with\nhighly non-degenerate wavelengths of 810 nm and 1550 nm, where the 810 nm\nphotons are used to announce the presence of the 1550 nm photons inside a\nsingle-mode optical fiber. For our setup we find the probability of having a\n1550 nm photon present in the single-mode fiber, as announced by the 810 nm\nphoton, to be 48%. The probability of multiphoton events is strongly suppressed\ncompared to a Poissonian light source, giving highly sub-Poisson photon\nstatistics.\n" }, { "id": "ddd31831-d578-4c77-a375-e32da8bdc9fc", "adv_source_id": "ddd31831-d578-4c77-a375-e32da8bdc9fc", "source_id": "ddd31831-d578-4c77-a375-e32da8bdc9fc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Excitation of emission lines by fluorescence and recombination in IC 418", "prompt": null, "generation": " We predict intensities of lines of CII, NI, NII, OI and OII and compare them\nwith a deep spectroscopic survey of IC 418 to test the effect of excitation of\nnebular emission lines by continuum fluorescence of starlight. Our calculations\nuse a nebular model and a synthetic spectrum of its central star to take into\naccount excitation of the lines by continuum fluorescence and recombination.\nThe NII spectrum is mostly produced by fluorescence due to the low excitation\nconditions of the nebula, but many CII and OII lines have more excitation by\nfluorescence than recombination. In the neutral envelope, the NI permitted\nlines are excited by fluorescence, and almost all the OI lines are excited by\nrecombination. Electron excitation produces the forbidden optical lines of OI,\nbut continuum fluorescence excites most of the NI forbidden line intensities.\nLines excited by fluorescence of light below the Lyman limit thus suggest a new\ndiagnostic to explore the photodissociation region of a nebula.\n" }, { "id": "17469d55-b13f-40f9-8b3b-0bd120bc0aba", "adv_source_id": "17469d55-b13f-40f9-8b3b-0bd120bc0aba", "source_id": "17469d55-b13f-40f9-8b3b-0bd120bc0aba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nearby young stars selected by proper motion. I. Four new members of the\n Beta Pictoris moving group from the Tycho-2 catalog", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a procedure to identify stars from nearby moving groups and\nassociations out of catalogs of stars with large proper motions. We show that\nfrom the mean motion vector of a known or suspected moving group, one can\nidentify additional members of the group based on proper motion data and\nphotometry in the optical and infrared, with minimal contamination from\nbackground field stars. We demonstrate this technique by conducting a search\nfor low-mass members of the Beta Pictoris Moving Group in the Tycho-2 catalog.\nAll known members of the moving group are easily recovered, and a list of 51\npossible candidates is generated. Moving group membership is evaluated for 33\ncandidates based on X-ray flux from ROSAT, Halpha line emission, and radial\nvelocity measurement from high-resolution infrared spectra obtained at Infrared\nTelescope Facility. We confirm three of the candidates to be new members of the\ngroup: TYC 1186-706-1, TYC 7443-1102-1, and TYC 2211-1309-1 which are late-K\nand early-M dwarfs 45-60pc from the Sun. We also identify a common proper\nmotion companion to the known Beta Pictoris Moving Group member TYC\n7443-1102-1, at a 26\".3 separation; the new companion is associated with the\nX-ray source 1RXS J195602.8-320720. We argue that the present technique could\nbe applied to other large proper motion catalogs to identify most of the\nelusive, low-mass members of known nearby moving groups and associations.\n" }, { "id": "52032d90-9556-404a-85ea-bc986d730a90", "adv_source_id": "52032d90-9556-404a-85ea-bc986d730a90", "source_id": "52032d90-9556-404a-85ea-bc986d730a90", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-isomorphic nucleation pathways arising from morphological\n transitions of liquid channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by unexpected morphologies of the emerging liquid phase (channels,\nbulges, droplets) at the edge of thin, melting alkane terraces, we propose a\nnew heterogeneous nucleation pathway. The competition between bulk and\ninterfacial energies and the boundary conditions determine the growth and shape\nof the liquid phase at the edge of the solid alkane terraces. Calculations and\nexperiments reveal a \"pre-critical\" shape transition (channel-to-bulges) of the\nliquid before reaching its critical volume along a putative shape-conserving\npath. Bulk liquid emerges from the new shape, and depending on the degree of\nsupersaturation, the new pathway may have two, one, or zero energy barriers.\nThe findings are broadly relevant for many heterogeneous nucleation processes\nbecause the novel pathway is induced by common, widespread surface topologies\n(scratches, steps, etc.).\n" }, { "id": "d51e4d6f-18a1-4e71-8c56-fab426d3c5bb", "adv_source_id": "d51e4d6f-18a1-4e71-8c56-fab426d3c5bb", "source_id": "d51e4d6f-18a1-4e71-8c56-fab426d3c5bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ergodic-theoretic implementations of the Roth density-increment argument", "prompt": null, "generation": " We exhibit proofs of two ergodic-theoretic results in the study of multiple\nrecurrence using an analog of the density-increment argument of Roth and\nGowers: Furstenberg's Multiple Recurrence Theorem (which implies Szemer\\'edi's\nTheorem), and a two-dimensional special case of Furstenberg and Katznelson's\nmultidimensional version of this theorem. The second of these requires also an\nanalog of some recent finitary work by Shkredov.\n Many proofs of these multiple recurrence theorems are now known, but our main\ngoal is to shed some further light on the heuristic correspondence principle\nthat has grown up between the ergodic-theoretic and combinatorial aspects of\nmultiple recurrence and Szemer\\'edi's Theorem. Focusing on the\ndensity-increment strategy highlights several close points of connection\nbetween these settings.\n" }, { "id": "caa3df5e-d5c3-46b3-b674-1d4334e2690c", "adv_source_id": "caa3df5e-d5c3-46b3-b674-1d4334e2690c", "source_id": "caa3df5e-d5c3-46b3-b674-1d4334e2690c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Black Hole Mass and Magnetic Field Correlation in AGN: Testing by\n Optical Polarimetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the integral light polarization from optically thick accretion\ndisks. Basic mechanism is the multiple light scattering on free electrons\n(Milne's problem) in magnetized atmosphere. The Faraday rotation of the\npolarization plane changes both the value of integral polarization degree $p$\nand the position angle $\\chi $. Besides, the characteristic spectra of these\nvalues appear. We are testing the known relation between magnetic field of\nblack hole at the horizon $B_{BH}$ and its mass $M_{BH}$, and the usual\npower-law distribution inside the accretion disk. The formulae for $p(\\lambda)$\nand $\\chi(\\lambda)$ depend on a number of parameters describing the particular\ndependence of magnetic field in accretion disk (the index of power-law\ndistribution, the spin of the black hole, etc.). Comparison of our theoretical\nvalues of $p$ and $\\chi $ with observed polarization can help us to choice more\nrealistic values of parameters if the accretion disk mechanism gives the main\ncontribution to the observed integral polarization. The main content is\nconnected with estimation of validity of the relation between $B_{BH}$ and\n$M_{BH}$. We found for the AGN NGC 4258 that such procedure does not confirm\nthe mentioned correlation between magnetic field and mass of black hole.\n" }, { "id": "b754f3c4-42dd-4e85-a7bb-fe5e73c8cdea", "adv_source_id": "b754f3c4-42dd-4e85-a7bb-fe5e73c8cdea", "source_id": "b754f3c4-42dd-4e85-a7bb-fe5e73c8cdea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasi-stationary simulations of the contact process on quenched networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present high-accuracy quasi-stationary (QS) simulations of the contact\nprocess in quenched networks, built using the configuration model with both\nstructural and natural cutoffs. The critical behavior is analyzed in the\nframework of the anomalous finite size scaling which was recently shown to hold\nfor the contact process on annealed networks. It turns out that the quenched\ntopology does not qualitatively change the critical behavior, leading only (as\nexpected) to a shift of the transition point. The anomalous finite size scaling\nholds with exactly the same exponents of the annealed case, so that we can\nconclude that heterogeneous mean-field theory works for the contact process on\nquenched networks, at odds with previous claims. Interestingly, topological\ncorrelations induced by the presence of the natural cutoff do not alter the\npicture.\n" }, { "id": "d8527cbd-b2de-46fd-b1fe-beb868a1d881", "adv_source_id": "d8527cbd-b2de-46fd-b1fe-beb868a1d881", "source_id": "d8527cbd-b2de-46fd-b1fe-beb868a1d881", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Demystification of Emergent Behavior", "prompt": null, "generation": " Emergent behavior that appears at a given level of organization may be\ncharacterized as arising from an organizationally lower level in such a way\nthat it transcends a mere increase in the behavioral degree of complexity. It\nis therefore to be distinguished from systems exhibiting chaotic behavior, for\nexample, which are deterministic but unpredictable because of an exponential\ndependence on initial conditions. In emergent phenomena, higher-levels of\norganization are not determined by lower-levels of organization; or, more\ncolloquially, emergent behavior is often said to be \"greater than the sum of\nthe parts\". The concept plays an especially important but contentious role in\nthe biological sciences. This essay is intended to demystify at least some\naspects of the mystery of emergence.\n" }, { "id": "6f05f440-6a93-4c5a-a114-a62c776c68cd", "adv_source_id": "6f05f440-6a93-4c5a-a114-a62c776c68cd", "source_id": "6f05f440-6a93-4c5a-a114-a62c776c68cd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "PhishDef: URL Names Say It All", "prompt": null, "generation": " Phishing is an increasingly sophisticated method to steal personal user\ninformation using sites that pretend to be legitimate. In this paper, we take\nthe following steps to identify phishing URLs. First, we carefully select\nlexical features of the URLs that are resistant to obfuscation techniques used\nby attackers. Second, we evaluate the classification accuracy when using only\nlexical features, both automatically and hand-selected, vs. when using\nadditional features. We show that lexical features are sufficient for all\npractical purposes. Third, we thoroughly compare several classification\nalgorithms, and we propose to use an online method (AROW) that is able to\novercome noisy training data. Based on the insights gained from our analysis,\nwe propose PhishDef, a phishing detection system that uses only URL names and\ncombines the above three elements. PhishDef is a highly accurate method (when\ncompared to state-of-the-art approaches over real datasets), lightweight (thus\nappropriate for online and client-side deployment), proactive (based on online\nclassification rather than blacklists), and resilient to training data\ninaccuracies (thus enabling the use of large noisy training data).\n" }, { "id": "5b183f24-484a-4abe-bc29-5bbf55f83aae", "adv_source_id": "5b183f24-484a-4abe-bc29-5bbf55f83aae", "source_id": "5b183f24-484a-4abe-bc29-5bbf55f83aae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Aviram-Ratner rectifying mechanism for DNA base pair sequencing through\n graphene nanogaps", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate that biological molecules such as Watson-Crick DNA base pairs\ncan behave as biological Aviram-Ratner electrical rectifiers because of the\nspatial separation and weak hydrogen bonding between the nucleobases. We have\nperformed a parallel computational implementation of the ab-initio\nnon-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) theory to determine the electrical\nresponse of graphene---base-pair---graphene junctions. The results show an\nasymmetric (rectifying) current-voltage response for the Cytosine-Guanine base\npair adsorbed on a graphene nanogap. In sharp contrast we find a symmetric\nresponse for the Thymine-Adenine case. We propose applying the asymmetry of the\ncurrent-voltage response as a sensing criterion to the technological challenge\nof rapid DNA sequencing via graphene nanogaps.\n" }, { "id": "8b82fc92-6cde-4957-9bf8-bd7f81795e18", "adv_source_id": "8b82fc92-6cde-4957-9bf8-bd7f81795e18", "source_id": "8b82fc92-6cde-4957-9bf8-bd7f81795e18", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Proof of W.M.Schmidt's conjecture concerning successive minima of a\n lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " For a real $N\\ge 1$ and a vector $\\xi =(1,\\xi_1,...,\\xi_n)$ define a matrix\n$$ {\\cal A} (\\xi, N) = ({array}{ccccc} N^{-1} & 0& 0& ... &0 \\cr\nN^{\\frac{1}{n}} \\xi_1 & -N^{\\frac{1}{n}} & 0&... & 0 \\cr N^{\\frac{1}{n}} \\xi_2\n&0& -N^{\\frac{1}{n}} & ... & 0 \\cr ... &... &... &... \\cr N^{\\frac{1}{n}} \\xi_n\n&0&0&... &- N^{\\frac{1}{n}} {array}) $$ and a lattice $$ \\Lambda (\\xi, N) =\n{\\cal A} (\\xi, N)\\mathbb{Z}^{n+1}. $$ Consider a convex 0-symmetric body\n$${\\cal W} = \\{z= (x,y_1,...,y_n)\\in \\mathbb{R}^{n+1}: \\max (|x|, |y|)\\le 1 \\}\n>.$$\n For a natural $l, 1\\le l \\le n+1$ let $\\mu_l (\\xi, N)$ be the $l$-th\nsuccessive minimum of ${\\cal W}$ with respect to $ \\Lambda (\\xi, N)$. We prove\nthat there exist real numbers $\\xi_1,...,\\xi_n$ linearly independent together\nwith 1 over $\\mathbb{Z}$, such that\n $\\mu_k (\\xi, N) \\to 0$ as $ N\\to \\infty$ and $\\mu_{k+2} (\\xi, N) \\to \\infty$\nas $ N\\to \\infty$.\n" }, { "id": "dbe7b6bf-c327-4dc5-a50c-7f93095f3d7a", "adv_source_id": "dbe7b6bf-c327-4dc5-a50c-7f93095f3d7a", "source_id": "dbe7b6bf-c327-4dc5-a50c-7f93095f3d7a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Private Information Disclosure from Web Searches. (The case of Google\n Web History)", "prompt": null, "generation": " As the amount of personal information stored at remote service providers\nincreases, so does the danger of data theft. When connections to remote\nservices are made in the clear and authenticated sessions are kept using HTTP\ncookies, data theft becomes extremely easy to achieve. In this paper, we study\nthe architecture of the world's largest service provider, i.e., Google. First,\nwith the exception of a few services that can only be accessed over HTTPS\n(e.g., Gmail), we find that many Google services are still vulnerable to simple\nsession hijacking. Next, we present the Historiographer, a novel attack that\nreconstructs the web search history of Google users, i.e., Google's Web\nHistory, even though such a service is supposedly protected from session\nhijacking by a stricter access control policy. The Historiographer uses a\nreconstruction technique inferring search history from the personalized\nsuggestions fed by the Google search engine. We validate our technique through\nexperiments conducted over real network traffic and discuss possible\ncountermeasures. Our attacks are general and not only specific to Google, and\nhighlight privacy concerns of mixed architectures using both secure and\ninsecure connections.\n" }, { "id": "6eeea8a4-62dc-4a45-903c-26489a62f8ed", "adv_source_id": "6eeea8a4-62dc-4a45-903c-26489a62f8ed", "source_id": "6eeea8a4-62dc-4a45-903c-26489a62f8ed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the fate of vacuum bubbles on matter backgrounds", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this letter we discuss cosmological first order phase transitions with de\nSitter bubbles nucleating on (inhomogeneous) matter backgrounds. The de Sitter\nbubble can be a toy model for an inflationary phase of universes like our own.\nUsing the thin wall approximation and the Israel junction method we trace the\nclassical evolution of the formed bubbles within a compound model. We first\naddress homogeneous ambient space (FRW model) and already find that bubbles\nnucleated in a dust dominated background cannot expand. For an inhomogeneous\ndust background (LTB model) we describe cases with at least initially expanding\nbubbles. Yet, an ensuing passage of the bubble wall through ambient curvature\ninhomogeneities remains unnoticed for observers inside the bubble. Notable\neffects also for interior observers are found in the case of a rapid background\nphase transition in a FRW model.\n" }, { "id": "05d339ec-fac2-4270-a4f0-6bdf235ad6c0", "adv_source_id": "05d339ec-fac2-4270-a4f0-6bdf235ad6c0", "source_id": "05d339ec-fac2-4270-a4f0-6bdf235ad6c0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spontaneous chirality via long-range electrostatic forces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a model for periodic patterns of charges constrained over a\ncylindrical surface. In particular we focus on patterns of chiral helices,\nachiral rings or vertical lamellae, with the constraint of global\nelectroneutrality. We study the dependence of the patterns' size and pitch\nangle on the radius of the cylinder and salt concentration. We obtain a phase\ndiagram by using numerical and analytic techniques. For pure Coulomb\ninteractions, we find a ring phase for small radii and a chiral helical phase\nfor large radii. At a critical salt concentration, the characteristic domain\nsize diverges, resulting in macroscopic phase segregation of the components and\nrestoring chiral symmetry. We discuss possible consequences and generalizations\nof our model.\n" }, { "id": "079de142-0ef6-4a59-8434-dc4520c37c2f", "adv_source_id": "079de142-0ef6-4a59-8434-dc4520c37c2f", "source_id": "079de142-0ef6-4a59-8434-dc4520c37c2f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "White dwarf masses derived from planetary nebulae modelling", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compare the mass distribution of central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPN)\nwith those of their progeny, white dwarfs (WD). We use a dynamical method to\nmeasure masses with an uncertainty of 0.02 M$_\\odot$. The CSPN mass\ndistribution is sharply peaked at $0.61 \\rm M_\\odot$. The WD distribution peaks\nat lower masses ($0.58 \\rm M_\\odot$) and shows a much broader range of masses.\nSome of the difference can be explained if the early post-AGB evolution is\nfaster than predicted by the Bl\\\"ocker tracks. Between 30 and 50 per cent of WD\nmay avoid the PN phase because of too low mass. However, the discrepancy cannot\nbe fully resolved and WD mass distributions may have been broadened by\nobservational or model uncertainties.\n" }, { "id": "77969811-0a92-4169-ba93-06fed56469d1", "adv_source_id": "77969811-0a92-4169-ba93-06fed56469d1", "source_id": "77969811-0a92-4169-ba93-06fed56469d1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Classical Dimensional Transmutation and Renormalization in Massive\n lambda phi^4 Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, Dvali, Gomez, and Mukhanov have investigated a classical lambda\nphi^4 model with external source and without mass and they have clarified that\nthere are underlying renormalization group structure, including the phenomenon\nof the dimensional transmutation, at purely classical level. Especially when\nthe coupling lambda is negative, the classical beta function shows the property\nof asymptotic freedom as in QCD. In this paper, we investigate the lambda phi^4\nmodel with mass, and clarify the role of the mass. The obtained classical beta\nfunction is identical with that of the massless lambda phi^4 model up to the\ncorrections of the ratio of the IR cutoff to UV cutoff, and describes the\nrenormalization flow same as the massless theory. We also found that the\ndynamically generated scale of massive theory is larger than that of massless\ntheory, which could be due to the screening effect of the mass term.\n" }, { "id": "3f8b7c9d-b127-4950-a4f7-ba4c34cda21c", "adv_source_id": "3f8b7c9d-b127-4950-a4f7-ba4c34cda21c", "source_id": "3f8b7c9d-b127-4950-a4f7-ba4c34cda21c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase boundaries of nanodots and nanoripples over a range of collision\n cascades", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the open problems of the formation and evolution of the nanostructures\non solid surfaces that are driven by particle irradiation is whether all the\nnano-patterns can be accounted for by the continuum theory, since the\nCuerno-Barabasi continuum theory explanations have thus far focused mainly on\nripple patterns and rough self-affine scaling. In this article, we extend\ncontinuum theoretical calculations based on the nonlinear Cuerno-Barabasi\ntheory to regions yet unexplored in the continuum theory literature but\nrecently shown, in Monte Carlo simulations, to be devoid of ripple patterns. We\nobtained results of weighted ion penetrations and for different impingement\nangles. Our results show that the balance of sputtering coefficients required\nfor ripple patterns was never attained in this region, which confirmed that\nripple patterns are indeed absent and that the continuum theory does not fail\nas previous studies indicated. In particular our results show a remarkable\nagreement between the continuum and the discrete (solid-on-solid) models; by\ncalculations based on the continuum theory cascade parameters alone, we\nobtained the same topographic phase diagram predicted in the recent Monte Carlo\nsimulation studies.\n" }, { "id": "31c880ab-382c-4fd8-b4a2-d7acb450923c", "adv_source_id": "31c880ab-382c-4fd8-b4a2-d7acb450923c", "source_id": "31c880ab-382c-4fd8-b4a2-d7acb450923c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlocal Gravity: Modified Poisson's Equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The recent nonlocal generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation\nreduces in the Newtonian regime to a nonlocal and nonlinear modification of\nPoisson's equation of Newtonian gravity. The nonlocally modified Poisson\nequation implies that nonlocality can simulate dark matter. Observational data\nregarding dark matter provide limited information about the functional form of\nthe reciprocal kernel, from which the original nonlocal kernel of the theory\nmust be determined. We study this inverse problem of nonlocal gravity in the\nlinear domain, where the applicability of the Fourier transform method is\ncritically examined and the conditions for the existence of the nonlocal kernel\nare discussed. This approach is illustrated via simple explicit examples for\nwhich the kernels are numerically evaluated. We then turn to a general\ndiscussion of the modified Poisson equation and present a formal solution of\nthis equation via a successive approximation scheme. The treatment is\nspecialized to the gravitational potential of a point mass, where in the linear\nregime we recover the Tohline-Kuhn approach to modified gravity.\n" }, { "id": "3a3d42ac-166b-4c85-a2ad-1089aa272712", "adv_source_id": "3a3d42ac-166b-4c85-a2ad-1089aa272712", "source_id": "3a3d42ac-166b-4c85-a2ad-1089aa272712", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Discovery of GeV gamma-ray emission from PSR B1259-63/LS 2883", "prompt": null, "generation": " The binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 consists of a 47.8 ms radio pulsar\nthat orbits the companion Be star with a period of 3.4 years in a highly\neccentric orbit. The system is well sampled in radio, X-rays, and TeV\ngamma-rays, and shows orbital-phase-dependent variability in all observed\nfrequencies. Here we report on the discovery of >100 MeV gamma-rays from PSR\nB1259-63/LS 2883 through the 2010 pariastron passage. Using data collected with\nthe Large Area Telescope aboard Fermi from 33 days before pariastron to 75 days\nafter pariastron, PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 is detected at a significance of 13.6\nstandard deviations. The gamma-ray light curve is highly variable over the\nabove period, with changing photon index that correlates with gamma-ray flux.\nIn particular, two major flares that occur after the pariastron passage were\nobserved. The onset of gamma-ray emission occurs close to, but not at the same\norbital phases as, the two disk passages that occur ~1 month before and ~1\nmonth after the pariastron passage. The fact that the GeV orbital light curve\nis different from that of the X-ray and TeV light curves strongly suggests that\nGeV gamma-ray emission originates from a different component. We speculate that\nthe observed GeV flares may be resulting from Doppler boosting effects.\n" }, { "id": "4cc06201-2b48-44fe-86f3-76227e519826", "adv_source_id": "4cc06201-2b48-44fe-86f3-76227e519826", "source_id": "4cc06201-2b48-44fe-86f3-76227e519826", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal switching of a nanomagnet assisted by microwaves", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop an efficient and general method for optimizing the microwave field\nthat achieves magnetization switching with a smaller static field. This method\nis based on optimal control and renders an exact solution for the 3D microwave\nfield that triggers the switching of a nanomagnet with a given anisotropy and\nin an oblique static field. Applying this technique to the particular case of\nuniaxial anisotropy, we show that the optimal microwave field, that achieves\nswitching with minimal absorbed energy, is modulated both in frequency and in\nmagnitude. Its role is to drive the magnetization from the metastable\nequilibrium position towards the saddle point and then damping induces the\nrelaxation to the stable equilibrium position. For the pumping to be efficient,\nthe microwave field frequency must match at the early stage of the switching\nprocess the proper precession frequency of the magnetization, which depends on\nthe magnitude and direction of the static field. We investigate the effect of\nthe static field (in amplitude and direction) and of damping on the\ncharacteristics of the microwave field. We have computed the switching curves\nin the presence of the optimal microwave field. The results are in qualitative\nagreement with micro-SQUID experiments on isolated nanoclusters. The strong\ndependence of the microwave field and that of the switching curve on the\ndamping parameter may be useful in probing damping in various nanoclusters.\n" }, { "id": "e944b311-9183-41e5-9ae2-b09ac54059f4", "adv_source_id": "e944b311-9183-41e5-9ae2-b09ac54059f4", "source_id": "e944b311-9183-41e5-9ae2-b09ac54059f4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the uncertainty relations for an electron in a constant magnetic\n field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss the uncertainty relation for the azimuthal angle $\\phi$ and the\n$z$-component of the angular momentum $L_z$. To this end we derive the\nuncertainty relation for an arbitrary pair of observables and discuss the\nconditions for its validity. By means of a simple parameter-dependent state we\nillustrate the well known fact that the standard uncertainty relation for the\ncoordinate and its conjugate momentum does not apply the pair of observables\n$\\phi-L_z$. This analysis is motivated by a discussion of the motion of an\nelectron in a constant magnetic field appeared recently in this journal (Eur.\nJ. Phys. \\textbf{33} (2012) 1147) where the author assumed the validity of the\nstandard uncertainty relation for the pair $\\phi-L_z$.\n" }, { "id": "08baa7e8-87c2-4d13-906d-23f160bf1967", "adv_source_id": "08baa7e8-87c2-4d13-906d-23f160bf1967", "source_id": "08baa7e8-87c2-4d13-906d-23f160bf1967", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gluon Condensates and m_{c,b} from QCD-Moments and their ratios to Order\n alpha_s^3 and ", "prompt": null, "generation": " We reconsider the extraction of the gluon condensates ,\n and the MS running quark masses m_{c,b} from different\nM_n(Q^2) Moments and their Ratios by including PT corrections to order\nalpha_s^3, NPT terms up to and using stability criteria of the results\nversus the degree n (number of Q^2-derivative). We explicitly show that the\nspectral part of the lowest moment M_1(0) depends strongly (as expected) on its\nhigh-energy (continuum) contribution, which is minimized for M_{n> 3-4}(0).\nUsing higher moments and the correlations of with and < G^4>, we obtain =(7.0+- 1.3)10^{-2} GeV^4 and\n=(8.8+- 5.5) GeV^2 , while our analysis favours a\nmodified factorisation for . Using the previous results, we re-determine\nm_c(m_c) and find that the commonly used M_1(0) lowest moment tends to\noverestimate its value compared to the ones from higher moments where stable\nvalues of m_c(m_c) versus the variations of n and the continuum models are\nreached. These features can indicate that the quoted errors of m_{c,b} from\nM_1(0) may have been underestimated. Optimal results from different high-n\nmoments converge to the accurate (artithmetic) mean values: m_c(m_c)=1261(16)\nMeV and m_b(m_b)=4171(14) MeV, in excellent agreement with results obtained in\n[1] using some judicious choices of ratios of moments.\n" }, { "id": "d16fd8da-8eb2-4623-9fd3-fe106241abb8", "adv_source_id": "d16fd8da-8eb2-4623-9fd3-fe106241abb8", "source_id": "d16fd8da-8eb2-4623-9fd3-fe106241abb8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inversion arrangements and Bruhat intervals", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $W$ be a finite reflection group. For a given $w \\in W$, the following\nassertion may or may not be satisfied:\n (*) The principal Bruhat order ideal of $w$ contains as many elements as\nthere are regions in the inversion hyperplane arrangement of $w$.\n We present a type independent combinatorial criterion which characterises the\nelements $w\\in W$ that satisfy (*). A couple of immediate consequences are\nderived:\n (1) The criterion only involves the order ideal of $w$ as an abstract poset.\nIn this sense, (*) is a poset-theoretic property.\n (2) For $W$ of type $A$, another characterisation of (*), in terms of pattern\navoidance, was previously given in collaboration with Linusson, Shareshian and\nSj\\\"ostrand. We obtain a short and simple proof of that result.\n (3) If $W$ is a Weyl group and the Schubert variety indexed by $w \\in W$ is\nrationally smooth, then $w$ satisfies (*).\n" }, { "id": "c48cb71d-de61-4427-8458-e9b657122327", "adv_source_id": "c48cb71d-de61-4427-8458-e9b657122327", "source_id": "c48cb71d-de61-4427-8458-e9b657122327", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dust crystallinity in protoplanetary disks: the effect of\n diffusion/viscosity ratio", "prompt": null, "generation": " The process of turbulent radial mixing in protoplanetary disks has strong\nrelevance to the analysis of the spatial distribution of crystalline dust\nspecies in disks around young stars and to studies of the composition of\nmeteorites and comets in our own solar system.\n A debate has gone on in the recent literature on the ratio of the effective\nviscosity coefficient $\\nu$ (responsible for accretion) to the turbulent\ndiffusion coefficient $D$ (responsible for mixing). Numerical\nmagneto-hydrodynamic simulations have yielded values between $\\nu/D\\simeq 10$\n(Carballido, Stone & Pringle, 2005) and $\\nu/D\\simeq 0.85$ (Johansen & Klahr,\n2005}). Here we present two analytic arguments for the ratio $\\nu/D=1/3$ which\nare based on elegant, though strongly simplified assumptions. We argue that\nwhichever of these numbers comes closest to reality may be determined {\\em\nobservationally} by using spatially resolved mid-infrared measurements of\nprotoplanetary disks around Herbig stars. If meridional flows are present in\nthe disk, then we expect less abundance of crystalline dust in the surface\nlayers, a prediction which can likewise be observationally tested with\nmid-infrared interferometers.\n" }, { "id": "5c8443ed-4c45-4d11-b711-98452883cb32", "adv_source_id": "5c8443ed-4c45-4d11-b711-98452883cb32", "source_id": "5c8443ed-4c45-4d11-b711-98452883cb32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and\n Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-Violet at R~2500", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the first installment of a massive spectroscopic survey of\nGalactic O stars, based on new, high signal-to-noise ratio, R~2500 digital\nobservations from both hemispheres selected from the Galactic O-Star Catalog of\nMa\\'iz Apell\\'aniz et al. (2004) and Sota et al. (2008). The spectral\nclassification system is rediscussed and a new atlas is presented, which\nsupersedes previous versions. Extensive sequences of exceptional objects are\ngiven, including types Ofc, ON/OC, Onfp, Of?p, Oe, and double-lined\nspectroscopic binaries. The remaining normal spectra bring this first sample to\n184 stars, which is close to complete to B=8 and north of delta = -20 and\nincludes all of the northern objects in Ma\\'iz Apell\\'aniz et al. (2004) that\nare still classified as O stars. The systematic and random accuracies of these\nclassifications are substantially higher than previously attainable, because of\nthe quality, quantity, and homogeneity of the data and analysis procedures.\nThese results will enhance subsequent investigations in Galactic astronomy and\nstellar astrophysics. In the future we will publish the rest of the survey,\nbeginning with a second paper that will include most of the southern stars in\nMa\\'iz Apell\\'aniz et al. (2004).\n" }, { "id": "9ba4dac5-3128-43e7-99cb-2ceddd4ce0da", "adv_source_id": "9ba4dac5-3128-43e7-99cb-2ceddd4ce0da", "source_id": "9ba4dac5-3128-43e7-99cb-2ceddd4ce0da", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-down Measurement of PSR J1852+0040 in Kesteven 79: Central Compact\n Objects as Anti-Magnetars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using XMM-Newton and Chandra, we achieved phase-connected timing of the 105\nms X-ray pulsar PSR J1852+0040 that provides the first measurement of the\nspin-down rate of a member of the class of Central Compact Objects (CCOs) in\nsupernova remnants. We measure P-dot = 8.68(9)E-18, and find no evidence for\ntiming noise or variations in X-ray flux over 4.8 yr. In the dipole spin-down\nformalism, this implies a surface magnetic field strength B_s = 3.1E10 G, the\nsmallest ever measured for a young neutron star, and consistent with being a\nfossil field. In combination with upper limits on B_s from other CCO pulsars,\nthis is strong evidence in favor of the \"anti-magnetar\" explanation for their\nlow luminosity and lack of magnetospheric activity or synchrotron nebulae.\nWhile this dipole field is small, it can prevent accretion of sufficient\nfall-back material so that the observed X-ray luminosity of L_x = 5.3E33(d/7.1\nkpc)^2 erg/s must instead be residual cooling. The spin-down luminosity of PSR\nJ1852+0040, E-dot = 3.0E32 erg/s, is an order-of-magnitude smaller than L_x.\nFitting of the X-ray spectrum to two blackbodies finds small emitting radii,\nR_1 = 1.9 km and R_2 = 0.45 km, for components of kT_1 = 0.30 keV and kT_2 =\n0.52 keV, respectively. Such small, hot regions are ubiquitous among CCOs, and\nare not yet understood in the context of the anti-magnetar picture because\nanisotropic surface temperature is usually attributed to the effects of strong\nmagnetic fields.\n" }, { "id": "fbd18cfb-77f2-4f07-9fcd-3c1039885010", "adv_source_id": "fbd18cfb-77f2-4f07-9fcd-3c1039885010", "source_id": "fbd18cfb-77f2-4f07-9fcd-3c1039885010", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time-scales of Line-broadening Variability in OB Supergiants", "prompt": null, "generation": " Several works have recently shown that there is an important extra\nline-broadening (usually called $macroturbulence$) affecting the spectra of O\nand B Supergiants that adds to stellar rotation. So far, the only (very recent)\nphysical explanation for the appearance of $macroturbulence$ relates to\noscillations. This is a plausible explanation, but no direct evidence\nconfirming its validity has been presented yet. We recently started an\nobservational project to obtain constraints on the time-scales of variability\nassociated to this extra line-broadening and its possible origin. Our\nobservational strategy consists of the study of a well selected group of O and\nB stars, for which we obtain time series of high-quality spectra. We present\nsome preliminary results from our first campaign with FIES@NOT2.5m.\n" }, { "id": "febf8e4d-5260-4567-8047-6ada2d875a46", "adv_source_id": "febf8e4d-5260-4567-8047-6ada2d875a46", "source_id": "febf8e4d-5260-4567-8047-6ada2d875a46", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anisotropic harmonic oscillator, non-commutative Landau problem and\n exotic Newton-Hooke symmetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the planar anisotropic harmonic oscillator with explicit\nrotational symmetry as a particle model with non-commutative coordinates. It\nincludes the exotic Newton-Hooke particle and the non-commutative Landau\nproblem as special, isotropic and maximally anisotropic, cases. The system is\ndescribed by the same (2+1)-dimensional exotic Newton-Hooke symmetry as in the\nisotropic case, and develops three different phases depending on the values of\nthe two central charges. The special cases of the exotic Newton-Hooke particle\nand non-commutative Landau problem are shown to be characterized by additional,\nso(3) or so(2,1) Lie symmetry, which reflects their peculiar spectral\nproperties.\n" }, { "id": "2a7f9620-c197-4840-8122-93a5addf84e4", "adv_source_id": "2a7f9620-c197-4840-8122-93a5addf84e4", "source_id": "2a7f9620-c197-4840-8122-93a5addf84e4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electromechanically induced absorption in a circuit\n nano-electromechanical system", "prompt": null, "generation": " A detailed analysis of electromechanically induced absorption (EMIA) in a\ncircuit nano-electromechanical hybrid system consisting of a superconducting\nmicrowave resonator coupled to a nanomechanical beam is presented. By\nperforming two-tone spectroscopy experiments we have studied EMIA as a function\nof the drive power over a wide range of drive and probe tone detunings. We find\ngood quantitative agreement between experiment and theoretical modeling based\non the Hamiltonian formulation of a generic electromechanical system. We show\nthat the absorption of microwave signals in an extremely narrow frequency band\n(\\Delta\\omega/2\\pi <5 Hz) around the cavity resonance of about 6 GHz can be\nadjusted over a range of more than 25 dB on varying the drive tone power by a\nfactor of two. Possible applications of this phenomenon include notch filters\nto cut out extremely narrow frequency bands (< Hz) of a much broader band of\nthe order of MHz defined by the resonance width of the microwave cavity. The\namount of absorption as well as the filtered frequency is tunable over the full\nwidth of the microwave resonance by adjusting the power and frequency of the\ndrive field. At high drive power we observe parametric microwave amplification\nwith the nanomechanical resonator. Due to the very low loss rate of the\nnanomechanical beam the drive power range for parametric amplification is\nnarrow, since the beam rapidly starts to perform self-oscillations.\n" }, { "id": "16a1b34a-c439-44b1-b209-b2e227bcdc0c", "adv_source_id": "16a1b34a-c439-44b1-b209-b2e227bcdc0c", "source_id": "16a1b34a-c439-44b1-b209-b2e227bcdc0c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superstatistics in Random Matrix Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " Random matrix theory (RMT) provides a successful model for quantum systems,\nwhose classical counterpart has a chaotic dynamics. It is based on two\nassumptions: (1) matrix-element independence, and (2) base invariance. Last\ndecade witnessed several attempts to extend RMT to describe quantum systems\nwith mixed regular-chaotic dynamics. Most of the proposed generalizations keep\nthe first assumption and violate the second. Recently, several authors\npresented other versions of the theory that keep base invariance on the expense\nof allowing correlations between matrix elements. This is achieved by starting\nfrom non-extensive entropies rather than the standard Shannon entropy, or\nfollowing the basic prescription of the recently suggested concept of\nsuperstatistics. The latter concept was introduced as a generalization of\nequilibrium thermodynamics to describe non-equilibrium systems by allowing the\ntemperature to fluctuate. We here review the superstatistical generalizations\nof RMT and illustrate their value by calculating the nearest-neighbor-spacing\ndistributions and comparing the results of calculation with experiments on\nbilliards modeling systems in transition from order to chaos.\n" }, { "id": "3d38625f-56e6-4fc3-a4e1-5223ebd29c74", "adv_source_id": "3d38625f-56e6-4fc3-a4e1-5223ebd29c74", "source_id": "3d38625f-56e6-4fc3-a4e1-5223ebd29c74", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rectifiability of Self-contracted curves in the Euclidean space and\n applications", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is hereby established that, in Euclidean spaces of finite dimension,\nbounded self-contracted curves have finite length. This extends the main result\nof Daniilidis, Ley, and Sabourau (J. Math. Pures Appl. 2010) concerning\ncontinuous planar self-contracted curves to any dimension, and dispenses\nentirely with the continuity requirement. The proof borrows heavily from a\ngeometric idea of Manselli and Pucci (Geom. Dedicata 1991) employed for the\nstudy of regular enough curves, and can be seen as a nonsmooth adaptation of\nthe latter, albeit a nontrivial one. Applications to continuous and discrete\ndynamical systems are discussed: continuous self-contracted curves appear as\ngeneralized solutions of nonsmooth convex foliation systems, recovering a\nhidden regularity after reparameterization, as consequence of our main result.\nIn the discrete case, proximal sequences (obtained through implicit\ndiscretization of a gradient system) give rise to polygonal self-contracted\ncurves. This yields a straightforward proof for the convergence of the exact\nproximal algorithm, under any choice of parameters.\n" }, { "id": "f665e3d3-3f6b-4209-b689-d02cc597d747", "adv_source_id": "f665e3d3-3f6b-4209-b689-d02cc597d747", "source_id": "f665e3d3-3f6b-4209-b689-d02cc597d747", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Production of doubly charged scalars from the decay of a heavy SM-like\n Higgs boson in the Higgs Triplet Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Higgs Triplet Model (HTM) of neutrino mass generation predicts the\nexistence of doubly charged Higgs bosons (H^{\\pm\\pm}). In the HTM a scalar\neigenstate (H_2) is dominantly composed of the scalar field from the isospin\ndoublet, and could be significantly heavier than H^{\\pm\\pm}. Such a scenario\nwould allow the possibility of a large branching ratio for the decay H_2->\nH^{++}H^{--}. From the production mechanism of gluon-gluon fusion, gg-> H_2,\nthe above decay mode would give rise to pair production of doubly charged Higgs\nbosons (H^{++}H^{--}) with a cross section which could be significantly larger\nthan the cross sections for the standard production mechanisms qqbar ->\n\\gamma,Z-> H^{++}H^{--} and q'qbar -> W -> H^{\\pm\\pm}H^{\\mp}. We discuss the\nphenomenological consequences for the ongoing searches for H^{\\pm\\pm} at the\nTevatron and at the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "0f8ff11b-dd16-459a-b38e-d66383a01778", "adv_source_id": "0f8ff11b-dd16-459a-b38e-d66383a01778", "source_id": "0f8ff11b-dd16-459a-b38e-d66383a01778", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A vector-valued almost sure invariance principle for Sinai billiards\n with random scatterers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Understanding the statistical properties of the aperiodic planar Lorentz gas\nstands as a grand challenge in the theory of dynamical systems. Here we study a\ngreatly simplified but related model, proposed by Arvind Ayyer and popularized\nby Joel Lebowitz, in which a scatterer configuration on the torus is randomly\nupdated between collisions. Taking advantage of recent progress in the theory\nof time-dependent billiards on the one hand and in probability theory on the\nother, we prove a vector-valued almost sure invariance principle for the model.\nNotably, the configuration sequence can be weakly dependent and non-stationary.\nWe provide an expression for the covariance matrix, which in the non-stationary\ncase differs from the traditional one. We also obtain a new invariance\nprinciple for Sinai billiards (the case of fixed scatterers) with\ntime-dependent observables, and improve the accuracy and generality of existing\nresults.\n" }, { "id": "1f37d324-cc5a-4dfc-af79-36d03ad600ca", "adv_source_id": "1f37d324-cc5a-4dfc-af79-36d03ad600ca", "source_id": "1f37d324-cc5a-4dfc-af79-36d03ad600ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin Hall Effect and Spin Orbit coupling in Ballistic Nanojunctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new scheme of spin filtering based on nanometric crossjunctions\nin the presence of Spin Orbit interaction, employing ballistic nanojunctions\npatterned in a two-dimensional electron gas. We demonstrate that the flow of a\nlongitudinal unpolarized current through a ballistic X junction patterned in a\ntwo-dimensional electron gas with Spin Orbit coupling (SOC) induces a spin\naccumulation which has opposite signs for the two lateral probes. This spin\naccumulation, corresponding to a transverse pure spin current flowing in the\njunction, is the main observable signature of the spin Hall effect in such\nnanostructures.\n We benchmark the effects of two different kinds of Spin Orbit interactions.\nThe first one ($\\alpha$-SOC) is due to the interface electric field that\nconfines electrons to a two-dimensional layer, whereas the second one\n($\\beta$-SOC) corresponds to the interaction generated by a lateral confining\npotential.\n" }, { "id": "0559a4db-280f-437a-b502-616ae6796676", "adv_source_id": "0559a4db-280f-437a-b502-616ae6796676", "source_id": "0559a4db-280f-437a-b502-616ae6796676", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Effective Theory of Dirac Dark Matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " A stable Dirac fermion with four-fermion interactions to leptons suppressed\nby a scale Lambda ~ 1 TeV is shown to provide a viable candidate for dark\nmatter. The thermal relic abundance matches cosmology, while nuclear recoil\ndirect detection bounds are automatically avoided in the absence of (large)\ncouplings to quarks. The annihilation cross section in the early Universe is\nthe same as the annihilation in our galactic neighborhood. This allows Dirac\nfermion dark matter to naturally explain the positron ratio excess observed by\nPAMELA with a minimal boost factor, given present astrophysical uncertainties.\nWe use the Galprop program for propagation of signal and background; we discuss\nin detail the uncertainties resulting from the propagation parameters and, more\nimportantly, the injected spectra. Fermi/GLAST has an opportunity to see a\nfeature in the gamma-ray spectrum at the mass of the Dirac fermion. The excess\nobserved by ATIC/PPB-BETS may also be explained with Dirac dark matter that is\nheavy. A supersymmetric model with a Dirac bino provides a viable UV model of\nthe effective theory. The dominance of the leptonic operators, and thus the\nobservation of an excess in positrons and not in anti-protons, is naturally\nexplained by the large hypercharge and low mass of sleptons as compared with\nsquarks. Minimizing the boost factor implies the right-handed selectron is the\nlightest slepton, which is characteristic of our model. Selectrons (or\nsleptons) with mass less than a few hundred GeV are an inescapable consequence\nawaiting discovery at the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "ca0ec6af-5317-43d4-b08b-0bc7333d6184", "adv_source_id": "ca0ec6af-5317-43d4-b08b-0bc7333d6184", "source_id": "ca0ec6af-5317-43d4-b08b-0bc7333d6184", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "One-Shot Classical Data Compression with Quantum Side Information and\n the Distillation of Common Randomness or Secret Keys", "prompt": null, "generation": " The task of compressing classical information in the one-shot scenario is\nstudied in the setting where the decompressor additionally has access to some\ngiven quantum side information. In this hybrid classical-quantum version of the\nfamous Slepian-Wolf problem, the smooth max-entropy is found to govern the\nnumber of bits into which classical information can be compressed so that it\ncan be reliably recovered from the compressed version and quantum side\ninformation. Combining this result with known results on privacy amplification\nthen yields bounds on the amount of common randomness and secret key that can\nbe recovered in one-shot from hybrid classical-quantum systems using one-way\nclassical communication.\n" }, { "id": "107f874f-aea1-4891-8699-cab7a507abf2", "adv_source_id": "107f874f-aea1-4891-8699-cab7a507abf2", "source_id": "107f874f-aea1-4891-8699-cab7a507abf2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of the Solar Neutrino Flux with an Array of Neutron\n Detectors in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has measured the $^8$B solar neutrino flux\nusing an array of 3He proportional counters. Results obtained using a\nMarkov-Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) parameter estimation, integrating over a\nstandard extended likelihood, yield effective neutrino fluxes of:\nphi_nc=5.54+0.33-0.31(stat)+0.36-0.34(syst) x 10^6 /cm^2/s,\nphi_cc=1.67+0.05-0.04(stat)+0.07-0.08(syst) x 10^6 /cm^2/s, and\nphi_es=1.77+0.24-0.21(stat)+0.09-0.10(syst) x 10^6 /cm^2/s. These measurements\nare in agreement with previous solar neutrino flux measurements, and with\nneutrino oscillation model results. Including these flux measurements in a\nglobal analysis of solar and reactor neutrino results yields an improved\nprecision on the solar neutrino mixing angle of theta=34.4+1.3-1.2 degrees, and\nDelta m^2=7.59+0.19-0.21 eV^2.\n" }, { "id": "d5b6bb15-1dca-429a-b4dc-f503f5605373", "adv_source_id": "d5b6bb15-1dca-429a-b4dc-f503f5605373", "source_id": "d5b6bb15-1dca-429a-b4dc-f503f5605373", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some Exact Results for the Exclusion Process", "prompt": null, "generation": " The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is a paradigm for\nnon-equilibrium physics that appears as a building block to model various\nlow-dimensional transport phenomena, ranging from intracellular traffic to\nquantum dots. We review some recent results obtained for the system on a\nperiodic ring by using the Bethe Ansatz. We show that this method allows to\nderive analytically many properties of the dynamics of the model such as the\nspectral gap and the generating function of the current. We also discuss the\nsolution of a generalized exclusion process with $N$-species of particles and\nexplain how a geometric construction inspired from queuing theory sheds light\non the Matrix Product Representation technique that has been very fruitful to\nderive exact results for the ASEP.\n" }, { "id": "9aa242b3-6ca8-41c6-8ed2-5d4f7b71d122", "adv_source_id": "9aa242b3-6ca8-41c6-8ed2-5d4f7b71d122", "source_id": "9aa242b3-6ca8-41c6-8ed2-5d4f7b71d122", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time Delay of Cascade Radiation for TeV Blazars and the Measurement of\n the Intergalactic Magnetic Field", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent claims that the strength B_IGMF of the intergalactic magnetic field\n(IGMF) is >~ 1e-15 G are based on upper limits to the expected cascade flux in\nthe GeV band produced by blazar TeV photons absorbed by the extragalactic\nbackground light. This limit depends on an assumption that the mean blazar TeV\nflux remains constant on timescales >~2 (B_ IGMF/1e-18 G)^2 / (E/{10 GeV})^2 yr\nfor an IGMF coherence length ~ 1 Mpc, where E is the measured photon energy.\nRestricting TeV activity of 1ES 0229+200 to ~3 -- 4 years during which the\nsource has been observed leads to a more robust lower limit of B_IGMF >~ 1e-18\nG, which can be larger by an order of magnitude if the intrinsic source flux\nabove ~5 -- 10 TeV from 1ES 0229+200 is strong.\n" }, { "id": "abee64f7-8d96-46fb-99f8-db6046d1efca", "adv_source_id": "abee64f7-8d96-46fb-99f8-db6046d1efca", "source_id": "abee64f7-8d96-46fb-99f8-db6046d1efca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Extended UCB Policies for Frequentist Multi-armed Bandit Problems", "prompt": null, "generation": " The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem is a widely studied model in the field\nof reinforcement learning. This paper considers two cases of the classical MAB\nmodel -- the light-tailed reward distributions and the heavy-tailed,\nrespectively. For the light-tailed (i.e. sub-Gaussian) case, we propose the\nUCB1-LT policy, achieving the optimal $O(\\log T)$ of the order of regret\ngrowth. For the heavy-tailed case, we introduce the extended robust UCB policy,\nwhich is an extension of the UCB policies proposed by Bubeck et al. (2013) and\nLattimore (2017). The previous UCB policies require the knowledge of an upper\nbound on specific moments of reward distributions, which can be hard to acquire\nin some practical situations. Our extended robust UCB eliminates this\nrequirement while still achieving the optimal regret growth order $O(\\log T)$,\nthus providing a broadened application area of the UCB policies for the\nheavy-tailed reward distributions.\n" }, { "id": "d35c8066-6148-49ba-bd33-4449d67a69ee", "adv_source_id": "d35c8066-6148-49ba-bd33-4449d67a69ee", "source_id": "d35c8066-6148-49ba-bd33-4449d67a69ee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Signal Detection in High Dimension: The Multispiked Case", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper deals with the local asymptotic structure, in the sense of Le\nCam's asymptotic theory of statistical experiments, of the signal detection\nproblem in high dimension. More precisely, we consider the problem of testing\nthe null hypothesis of sphericity of a high-dimensional covariance matrix\nagainst an alternative of (unspecified) multiple symmetry-breaking directions\n(\\textit{multispiked} alternatives). Simple analytical expressions for the\nasymptotic power envelope and the asymptotic powers of previously proposed\ntests are derived. These asymptotic powers are shown to lie very substantially\nbelow the envelope, at least for relatively small values of the number of\nsymmetry-breaking directions under the alternative. In contrast, the asymptotic\npower of the likelihood ratio test based on the eigenvalues of the sample\ncovariance matrix is shown to be close to that envelope. These results extend\nto the case of multispiked alternatives the findings of an earlier study\n(Onatski, Moreira and Hallin, 2011) of the single-spiked case. The methods we\nare using here, however, are entirely new, as the Laplace approximations\nconsidered in the single-spiked context do not extend to the multispiked case.\n" }, { "id": "936ee373-e664-4488-8001-0046fee83e00", "adv_source_id": "936ee373-e664-4488-8001-0046fee83e00", "source_id": "936ee373-e664-4488-8001-0046fee83e00", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Upper bounds for centerlines", "prompt": null, "generation": " In 2008, Bukh, Matousek, and Nivasch conjectured that for every n-point set S\nin R^d and every k, 0 <= k <= d-1, there exists a k-flat f in R^d (a\n\"centerflat\") that lies at \"depth\" (k+1) n / (k+d+1) - O(1) in S, in the sense\nthat every halfspace that contains f contains at least that many points of S.\nThis claim is true and tight for k=0 (this is Rado's centerpoint theorem), as\nwell as for k = d-1 (trivial). Bukh et al. showed the existence of a (d-2)-flat\nat depth (d-1) n / (2d-1) - O(1) (the case k = d-2).\n In this paper we concentrate on the case k=1 (the case of \"centerlines\"), in\nwhich the conjectured value for the leading constant is 2/(d+2). We prove that\n2/(d+2) is an *upper bound* for the leading constant. Specifically, we show\nthat for every fixed d and every n there exists an n-point set in R^d for which\nno line in R^d lies at depth larger than 2n/(d+2) + o(n). This point set is the\n\"stretched grid\"---a set which has been previously used by Bukh et al. for\nother related purposes.\n Hence, in particular, the conjecture is now settled for R^3.\n" }, { "id": "37eef25f-a00b-4a64-b490-fa7e1b51cb10", "adv_source_id": "37eef25f-a00b-4a64-b490-fa7e1b51cb10", "source_id": "37eef25f-a00b-4a64-b490-fa7e1b51cb10", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Properties of free-free, dust, and CO emissions in the starbursts of\n blue compact dwarf galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " The central star-forming regions in three blue compact dwarf galaxies (He\n2-10, NGC 5253, and II Zw 40) were observed in the 340 GHz (880 micron) band at\n5 arcsec resolution with the Submillimetre Array (SMA). Continuum emission\nassociated with the central star-forming complex was detected in all these\ngalaxies. The SMA 880 micron flux is decomposed into free-free emission and\ndust emission by using centimetre-wavelength data in the literature. We find\nthat free-free emission contributes half or more of the SMA 880 micron flux in\nthe central starbursts in those three galaxies. In spite of the dominance of\nfree-free emission at 880 micron, the radio-to-far infrared (FIR) ratios in the\ncentral star-forming regions are not significantly higher than those of the\nentire systems, showing the robustness of radio-FIR relation. Based on the\nrobustness of the radio-FIR relation, we argue that the free--free fraction in\nthe 880 micron emission is regulated by the dust temperature. We also analyze\nthe CO (J = 3--2) emission data. We find that CO is a good tracer of the total\ngas mass in solar-metallicity object He 2-10. Low-metallicity objects, NGC 5253\nand II Zw 40, have apparently high star formation efficiencies; however, this\nmay be an artifact of significant dissociation of CO in the low-metallicity\nenvironments. We also point out a potential underestimate of dust mass, since\nthe dust traced by emission is biased to the most luminous high-temperature\nregions, particularly when a system hosts a compact star-forming region where\nthe dust temperature is high.\n" }, { "id": "cf47e645-144f-474c-9ff0-4fa2adfccadb", "adv_source_id": "cf47e645-144f-474c-9ff0-4fa2adfccadb", "source_id": "cf47e645-144f-474c-9ff0-4fa2adfccadb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase-plane analysis of driven multi-lane exclusion models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show how a fixed point based boundary-layer analysis technique can be used\nto obtain the steady-state particle density profiles of driven exclusion\nprocesses on two-lane systems with open boundaries. We have considered two\ndistinct two-lane systems. In the first, particles hop on the lanes in one\ndirection obeying exclusion principle and there is no exchange of particles\nbetween the lanes. The hopping on one lane is affected by the particle\noccupancies on the other, which thereby introduces an indirect interaction\namong the lanes. Through a phase plane analysis of the boundary layer equation,\nwe show why the bulk density undergoes a sharp change as the interaction\nbetween the lanes is increased. The second system involves one lane with driven\nexclusion process and the other with biased diffusion of particles. In contrast\nto the previous model, here there is a direct interaction between the lanes due\nto particle exchange between them. In this model, we have looked at two\npossible scenarios with constant (flat) and non-constant bulk profiles. The\nfixed point based boundary layer method provides a new perspective on several\naspects including those related to maximal/minimal current phases,\npossibilities of shocks under very restricted boundary conditions for the flat\nprofile but over a wide range of boundary conditions for the non-constant\nprofile.\n" }, { "id": "afcc3707-31c8-4634-a33b-cf60cc060567", "adv_source_id": "afcc3707-31c8-4634-a33b-cf60cc060567", "source_id": "afcc3707-31c8-4634-a33b-cf60cc060567", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasar emission lines, radio structures and radio unification", "prompt": null, "generation": " Unified schemes of radio sources, which account for different types of radio\nAGN in terms of anisotropic radio and optical emission, together with different\norientations of the ejection axis to the line of sight, have been invoked for\nmany years. Recently, large samples of optical quasars, mainly from the Sloan\nDigital Sky Survey, together with large radio samples, such as FIRST, have\nbecome available. These hold the promise of providing more stringent tests of\nunified schemes but, compared to previous samples, lack high resolution radio\nmaps. Nevertheless they have been used to investigate unified schemes, in some\ncases yielding results which appear inconsistent with such theories. Here we\ninvestigate using simulations how the selection effects to which such\ninvestigations are subject can influence the conclusions drawn. In particular,\nwe find that the effects of limited resolution do not allow core-dominated\nradio sources to be fully represented in the samples, that the effects of\nlimited sensitivity systematically exclude some classes of sources and the lack\nof deep radio data make it difficult to decide to what extent closely separated\nradio sources are associated. Nevertheless, we conclude that relativistic\nunified schemes are entirely compatible with the current observational data.\nFor a sample selected from SDSS and FIRST which includes weak-cored triples we\nfind that the equivalent width of the [OIII] emission line decreases as\ncore-dominance increases, as expected, and also that core-dominated quasars are\noptically brighter than weak-cored quasars.\n" }, { "id": "64f77b90-f97f-4f90-970c-0f782c0316a4", "adv_source_id": "64f77b90-f97f-4f90-970c-0f782c0316a4", "source_id": "64f77b90-f97f-4f90-970c-0f782c0316a4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On modular Galois representations modulo prime powers", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study modular Galois representations mod $p^m$. We show that there are\nthree progressively weaker notions of modularity for a Galois representation\nmod $p^m$: we have named these `strongly', `weakly', and `dc-weakly' modular.\nHere, `dc' stands for `divided congruence' in the sense of Katz and Hida. These\nnotions of modularity are relative to a fixed level $M$.\n Using results of Hida we display a `stripping-of-powers of $p$ away from the\nlevel' type of result: A mod $p^m$ strongly modular representation of some\nlevel $Np^r$ is always dc-weakly modular of level $N$ (here, $N$ is a natural\nnumber not divisible by $p$).\n We also study eigenforms mod $p^m$ corresponding to the above three notions.\nAssuming residual irreducibility, we utilize a theorem of Carayol to show that\none can attach a Galois representation mod $p^m$ to any `dc-weak' eigenform,\nand hence to any eigenform mod $p^m$ in any of the three senses.\n We show that the three notions of modularity coincide when $m=1$ (as well as\nin other, particular cases), but not in general.\n" }, { "id": "92d97e66-a963-489e-86ff-b600d547aa2b", "adv_source_id": "92d97e66-a963-489e-86ff-b600d547aa2b", "source_id": "92d97e66-a963-489e-86ff-b600d547aa2b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strong single-ion anisotropy and anisotropic interactions of magnetic\n adatoms induced by topological surface states", "prompt": null, "generation": " The nature of the magnetism brought about by Fe adatoms on the surface of the\ntopological insulator Bi2Se3 was examined in terms of density functional\ncalculations. The Fe adatoms exhibit strong easy-axis magnetic anisotropy in\nthe dilute adsorption limit due to the topological surface states (TSS). The\nspin exchange J between the Fe adatoms follows a Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida\n(RKKY) behavior with substantial anisotropy, and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM)\ninteraction between them is quite strong with |D/J|~0.3 under the mediation by\nthe TSS, and can be further raised to ~0.6 by an external electric field. The\napparent single-ion anisotropy of a Fe adatom is indispensable in determining\nthe spin orientation.\n" }, { "id": "3ee56bf1-b918-4872-bbcd-b0c18102dcc6", "adv_source_id": "3ee56bf1-b918-4872-bbcd-b0c18102dcc6", "source_id": "3ee56bf1-b918-4872-bbcd-b0c18102dcc6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Black Brane Entropy and Hydrodynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " A generalization of entropy to near-equilibrium phenomena is provided by the\nnotion of a hydrodynamic entropy current. Recent advances in holography have\nlead to the formulation of fluid-gravity duality, a remarkable connection\nbetween the hydrodynamics of certain strongly coupled media and dynamics of\nhigher dimensional black holes. This Letter introduces a correspondence between\nphenomenologically defined entropy currents in relativistic hydrodynamics and\nquasilocal horizons of near-equilibrium black objects in a dual gravitational\ndescription. A general formula is given, expressing the divergence of the\nentropy current in terms of geometric objects which appear naturally in the\ngravity dual geometry. The proposed definition is explicitly covariant with\nrespect to boundary diffeomorphisms and reproduces known results when evaluated\nfor the event horizon.\n" }, { "id": "a5d28a05-86a4-450e-9a14-963e0d6e7b4e", "adv_source_id": "a5d28a05-86a4-450e-9a14-963e0d6e7b4e", "source_id": "a5d28a05-86a4-450e-9a14-963e0d6e7b4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectroscopic Analysis of H I Absorption Line Systems in 40 HIRES\n Quasars", "prompt": null, "generation": " We list and analyze H I absorption lines at redshifts 2 < z < 4 with column\ndensity (12 < log(N_HI) < 19) in 40 high-resolutional (FWHM = 8.0 km/s) quasar\nspectra obtained with the Keck+HIRES. We de-blend and fit all H I lines within\n1,000 km/s of 86 strong H I lines whose column densities are log(N_HI/[cm^-2])\n> 15. Unlike most prior studies, we use not only Lya but also all visible\nhigher Lyman series lines to improve the fitting accuracy. This reveals\ncomponents near to higher column density systems that can not be seen in Lya.\nWe list the Voigt profile fits to the 1339 H I components that we found. We\nexamined physical properties of H I lines after separating them into several\nsub-samples according to their velocity separation from the quasars, their\nredshift, column density and the S/N ratio of the spectrum. We found two\ninteresting trends for lines with 12 < log(N_HI) < 15 which are within 200-1000\nkm/s of systems with log(N_HI) > 15. First, their column density distribution\nbecomes steeper, meaning relatively fewer high column density lines, at z <\n2.9. Second, their column density distribution also becomes steeper and their\nline width becomes broader by about 2-3 km/s when they are within 5,000 km/s of\ntheir quasar.\n" }, { "id": "97dbe390-5d1f-4631-a49b-6978e5dca853", "adv_source_id": "97dbe390-5d1f-4631-a49b-6978e5dca853", "source_id": "97dbe390-5d1f-4631-a49b-6978e5dca853", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of neutral nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond and its qubit\n application", "prompt": null, "generation": " The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy defect (NV)$^-$ in diamond has\nattracted much attention in recent years in qubit and biological applications.\nThe negative charge is donated from nearby nitrogen donors that could limit or\nstem the successful application of (NV)$^-$. In this Letter, we unambiguously\nidentify the \\emph{neutral} nitrogen-vacancy defect (NV$^0$) by \\emph{ab\ninitio} supercell calculations. Our analysis shows that i) the spin state can\nbe \\emph{selectively} occupied optically, ii) the electron spin state can be\nmanipulated by time-varying magnetic field, and iii) the spin state may be read\nout optically. Based on this NV$^0$ is a new hope for realizing qubit in\ndiamond \\emph{without} the need of nitrogen donors.\n" }, { "id": "a303a4dd-2752-4523-90e5-f10a552b71ca", "adv_source_id": "a303a4dd-2752-4523-90e5-f10a552b71ca", "source_id": "a303a4dd-2752-4523-90e5-f10a552b71ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Area, ladder symmetry, degeneracy and fluctuations of a horizon", "prompt": null, "generation": " Loop quantum gravity admits a kind of area quantization that is characterized\nby three quantum numbers. We show the complete spectrum of area is the union of\nequidistant subsets and a universal reformulation with fewer parameters is\npossible. Associated with any area there is also another number that determines\nits degeneracy. One application is that a quantum horizon manifests harmonic\nmodes in vacuum fluctuations. It is discussed the physical fluctuations of a\nspace-time horizon should include all the excluded area eigenvalues, where\nquantum amplification effect occurs. Due to this effect the uniformity of\ntransition matrix elements between near levels could be assumed. Based on\nthese, a modification to the previous method of analyzing the radiance\nintensities in hep-th/0607081 is presented that makes the result one step\nfurther precise. A few of harmonic modes appear to be extremely amplified on\ntop of the Hawking's radiation. They are expected to form a few brightest lines\nwith the wavelength not larger than the black hole size.\n" }, { "id": "fab8ab1a-7f59-458f-960d-12016f1aec84", "adv_source_id": "fab8ab1a-7f59-458f-960d-12016f1aec84", "source_id": "fab8ab1a-7f59-458f-960d-12016f1aec84", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Perturbed disks get shocked. Binary black hole merger effects on\n accretion disks", "prompt": null, "generation": " The merger process of a binary black hole system can have a strong impact on\na circumbinary disk. In the present work we study the effect of both central\nmass reduction (due to the energy loss through gravitational waves) and a\npossible black hole recoil (due to asymmetric emission of gravitational\nradiation). For the mass reduction case and recoil directed along the disk's\nangular momentum, oscillations are induced in the disk which then modulate the\ninternal energy and bremsstrahlung luminosities. On the other hand, when the\nrecoil direction has a component orthogonal to the disk's angular momentum, the\ndisk's dynamics are strongly impacted, giving rise to relativistic shocks. The\nshock heating leaves its signature in our proxies for radiation, the total\ninternal energy and bremsstrahlung luminosity. Interestingly, for cases where\nthe kick velocity is below the smallest orbital velocity in the disk (a likely\nscenario in real AGN), we observe a common, characteristic pattern in the\ninternal energy of the disk. Variations in kick velocity simply provide a phase\noffset in the characteristic pattern implying that observations of such a\nsignature could yield a measure of the kick velocity through electromagnetic\nsignals alone.\n" }, { "id": "43896dd5-4f65-4781-905d-cd36928fa788", "adv_source_id": "43896dd5-4f65-4781-905d-cd36928fa788", "source_id": "43896dd5-4f65-4781-905d-cd36928fa788", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Sterile Neutrino Fits", "prompt": null, "generation": " After a brief review of the results of solar, atmospheric and long-baseline\nneutrino oscillation experiments which led to the current three-neutrino mixing\nparadigm, we discuss indications of neutrino oscillation experiments in favor\nof short-baseline oscillations which require the existence of one or more\nsterile neutrinos. We show that the simplest possibility of existence of one\nsterile neutrino is not enough to fit all data of short-baseline neutrino\noscillation experiments because of two tensions: a tension between neutrino and\nantineutrino data and a tension between appearance and disappearance data. The\ntension between neutrino and antineutrino data is eliminated with the addition\nof a second sterile neutrino which allows CP-violating effects in\nshort-baseline experiments. In this case the tension between appearance and\ndisappearance data is reduced, but cannot be eliminated.\n" }, { "id": "639f3e1d-83ef-483f-9781-f7a2b01076fb", "adv_source_id": "639f3e1d-83ef-483f-9781-f7a2b01076fb", "source_id": "639f3e1d-83ef-483f-9781-f7a2b01076fb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Combined Human, Antenna Orientation in Elevation Direction and Ground\n Effect on RSSI in Wireless Sensor Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we experimentally investigate the combined effect of human,\nantenna orientation in elevation direction and the ground effect on the\nReceived Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameter in the Wireless Sensor\nNetwork (WSN). In experiment, we use MICAz motes and consider different\nscenarios where antenna of the transmitter node is tilted in elevation\ndirection. The motes were placed on the ground to take into account the ground\neffect on the RSSI. The effect of one, two and four persons on the RSSI is\nrecorded. For one and two persons, different walking paces e.g. slow, medium\nand fast pace, are analysed. However, in case of four persons, random movement\nis carried out between the pair of motes. The experimental results show that\nsome antenna orientation angles have drastic effect on the RSSI, even without\nany human activity. The fluctuation count and range of RSSI in different\nscenarios with same walking pace are completely different. Therefore, an\nefficient human activity algorithm is need that effectively takes into count\nthe antenna elevation and other parameters to accurately detect the human\nactivity in the WSN deployment region.\n" }, { "id": "c647aebd-f418-4266-a6f9-2888813058d2", "adv_source_id": "c647aebd-f418-4266-a6f9-2888813058d2", "source_id": "c647aebd-f418-4266-a6f9-2888813058d2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The complexifications of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and anti-Kaehler\n geometry", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we first define the complexification of a real analytic map\nbetween real analytic Koszul manifolds and show that the complexified map is\nthe holomorphic extension of the original map. Next we define an anti-Kaehler\nmetric compatible with the adapted complex structure on the complexification of\na real analytic pseudo-Riemannian manifold. In particular, for a\npseudo-Riemannian homogeneous space, we define another complexification and a\n(complete) anti-Kaehler metric on the complexification. One of main purposes of\nthis paper is to find the interesting relation between these two\ncomplexifications (equipped with the anti-Kaehler metrics) of a\npseudo-Riemannian homogeneous space. Another of main purposes of this paper is\nto show that almost all principal orbits of some isometric action on the first\ncomplexification (equipped with the anti-Kaehler metric) of a semi-simple\npseudo-Riemannian symmetric space are curvature-adapted isoparametric\nsubmanifolds with flat section in the sense of this paper.\n" }, { "id": "4326faac-6864-4008-8d3f-8b08416a4827", "adv_source_id": "4326faac-6864-4008-8d3f-8b08416a4827", "source_id": "4326faac-6864-4008-8d3f-8b08416a4827", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ballistic-Ohmic quantum Hall plateau transition in graphene pn junction", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent quantum Hall experiments conducted on disordered graphene pn junction\nprovide evidence that the junction resistance could be described by a simple\nOhmic sum of the n and p mediums' resistances. However in the ballistic limit,\ntheory predicts the existence of chirality-dependent quantum Hall plateaus in a\npn junction. We show that two distinctively separate processes are required for\nthis ballistic-Ohmic plateau transition, namely (i) hole/electron Landau states\nequilibration and (ii) valley iso-spin dilution of the incident Landau edge\nstate. These conclusions are obtained by a simple scattering theory argument,\nand confirmed numerically by performing ensembles of quantum magneto-transport\ncalculations on a 0.1um-wide disordered graphene pn junction within the\ntight-binding model. The former process is achieved by pn interface roughness,\nwhere a pn interface disorder with a root-mean-square roughness of 10nm was\nfound to suffice under typical experimental conditions. The latter process is\nmediated by extrinsic edge roughness for an armchair edge ribbon and by\nintrinsic localized intervalley scattering centers at the edge of the pn\ninterface for a zigzag ribbon. In light of these results, we also examine why\nhigher Ohmic type plateaus are less likely to be observable in experiments.\n" }, { "id": "d81f0284-b7ba-4877-aea8-26a5c9015886", "adv_source_id": "d81f0284-b7ba-4877-aea8-26a5c9015886", "source_id": "d81f0284-b7ba-4877-aea8-26a5c9015886", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Shaken, Not Stirred: The Disrupted Disk of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253", "prompt": null, "generation": " Near-infrared images obtained with the CFHT WIRCam are used to investigate\nthe recent history of the nearby Sculptor Group spiral NGC 253. The\ndistribution of stars in the disk is lop-sided, in the sense that the projected\ndensity of AGB stars in the north east portion of the disk between 10 and 20\nkpc from the galaxy center is ~ 0.5 dex higher than on the opposite side of the\ngalaxy. With the exception of the central 2 kpc, the north east portion of the\ndisk appears to have been the site of the highest levels of star-forming\nactivity in the galaxy during the past ~ 0.1 Gyr. Diffuse stellar structures\nare found in the periphery of the disk, and the most prominent of these is to\nthe south and east of the galaxy. Bright AGB stars are detected out to 15 kpc\nabove the disk plane, and these are part of a diffusely distributed, flattened\nextraplanar component. Comparisons between observed and model luminosity\nfunctions suggest that the extraplanar regions contain stars that formed\nthroughout much of the age of the Universe. It is suggested that the disk of\nNGC 253 was disrupted by a tidal encounter with a now defunct companion. The\nages of the youngest extraplanar stars suggests that the event that produced\nthe extraplanar population, and presumably induced the starburst, occured\nwithin the past ~ 0.2 Gyr.\n" }, { "id": "89f9d3ee-a1ae-4aaa-870c-13edeadf2304", "adv_source_id": "89f9d3ee-a1ae-4aaa-870c-13edeadf2304", "source_id": "89f9d3ee-a1ae-4aaa-870c-13edeadf2304", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collective vortex phases in periodic plus random pinning potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study theoretically the simultaneous effect of a regular and a random\npinning potentials on the vortex lattice structure at filling factor of 1. This\nstructure is determined by a competition between the square symmetry of regular\npinning array, by the intervortex interaction favoring a triangular symmetry,\nand by the randomness trying to depin vortices from their regular positions.\nBoth analytical and molecular-dynamics approaches are used. We construct a\nphase diagram of the system in the plane of regular and random pinning\nstrengths and determine typical vortex lattice defects appearing in the system\ndue to the disorder. We find that the total disordering of the vortex lattice\ncan occur either in one step or in two steps. For instance, in the limit of\nweak pinning, a square lattice of pinned vortices is destroyed in two steps.\nFirst, elastic chains of depinned vortices appear in the film; but the vortex\nlattice as a whole remains still pinned by the underlying square array of\nregular pinning sites. These chains are composed into fractal-like structures.\nIn a second step, domains of totally depinned vortices are generated and the\nvortex lattice depins from regular array.\n" }, { "id": "c9602f57-cc77-4914-a627-64e2755516ff", "adv_source_id": "c9602f57-cc77-4914-a627-64e2755516ff", "source_id": "c9602f57-cc77-4914-a627-64e2755516ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hamiltonian formalism in Friedmann cosmology and its quantization", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a Hamiltonian formalism for a generalized\nFriedmann-Roberson-Walker cosmology model in the presence of both a variable\nequation of state (EOS) parameter $w(a)$ and a variable cosmological constant\n$\\Lambda(a)$, where $a$ is the scale factor. This Hamiltonian system containing\n1 degree of freedom and without constraint, gives Friedmann equations as the\nequation of motion, which describes a mechanical system with a variable mass\nobject moving in a potential field. After an appropriate transformation of the\nscale factor, this system can be further simplified to an object with constant\nmass moving in an effective potential field. In this framework, the $\\Lambda$\ncold dark matter model as the current standard model of cosmology corresponds\nto a harmonic oscillator. We further generalize this formalism to take into\naccount the bulk viscosity and other cases. The Hamiltonian can be quantized\nstraightforwardly, but this is different from the approach of the\nWheeler-DeWitt equation in quantum cosmology.\n" }, { "id": "7608652f-dce3-4785-9869-de15287e9278", "adv_source_id": "7608652f-dce3-4785-9869-de15287e9278", "source_id": "7608652f-dce3-4785-9869-de15287e9278", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Identification of the ECR zone in the SWISSCASE ECR ion source", "prompt": null, "generation": " The magnetic field of the permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)\nion source SWISSCASE located at the University of Bern has been numerically\nsimulated and experimentally investigated. For the first time the magnetized\nvolume qualified for electron cyclotron resonance at 10.88 GHz and 388.6 mT has\nbeen analyzed in highly detailed 3D simulations with unprecedented resolution.\nThe observed pattern of carbon coatings on the source correlates strongly with\nthe electron and ion distribution in the ECR plasma of SWISSCASE. Under certain\nplasma conditions the ion distribution is tightly bound to the electron\ndistribution and can considerably simplify the numerical calculations in ECR\nrelated applications such as ECR ion engines and ECR ion implanters.\n" }, { "id": "3cd5c765-cf78-499d-9eab-6ed8e250acc1", "adv_source_id": "3cd5c765-cf78-499d-9eab-6ed8e250acc1", "source_id": "3cd5c765-cf78-499d-9eab-6ed8e250acc1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical Approach to Calculation of Feynman Loop Integrals", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we describe a numerical approach to evaluate Feynman loop\nintegrals. In this approach the key technique is a combination of a numerical\nintegration method and a numerical extrapolation method. Since the computation\nis carried out in a fully numerical way, our approach is applicable to one-,\ntwo- and multi-loop diagrams. Without any analytic treatment it can compute\ndiagrams with not only real masses but also complex masses for the internal\nparticles. As concrete examples we present numerical results of a scalar\none-loop box integral with complex masses and two-loop planar and non-planar\nbox integrals with masses. We discuss the quality of our numerical computation\nby comparisons with other methods and also propose a self consistency check.\n" }, { "id": "7cee345c-b493-499f-81b7-c8cf0eee2736", "adv_source_id": "7cee345c-b493-499f-81b7-c8cf0eee2736", "source_id": "7cee345c-b493-499f-81b7-c8cf0eee2736", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "MSE-based analysis of optimal tuning functions predicts phenomena\n observed in sensory neurons", "prompt": null, "generation": " Biological systems display impressive capabilities in effectively responding\nto environmental signals in real time. There is increasing evidence that\norganisms may indeed be employing near optimal Bayesian calculations in their\ndecision-making. An intriguing question relates to the properties of optimal\nencoding methods, namely determining the properties of neural populations in\nsensory layers that optimize performance, subject to physiological constraints.\nWithin an ecological theory of neural encoding/decoding, we show that optimal\nBayesian performance requires neural adaptation which reflects environmental\nchanges. Specifically, we predict that neuronal tuning functions possess an\noptimal width, which increases with prior uncertainty and environmental noise,\nand decreases with the decoding time window. Furthermore, even for static\nstimuli, we demonstrate that dynamic sensory tuning functions, acting at\nrelatively short time scales, lead to improved performance. Interestingly, the\nnarrowing of tuning functions as a function of time was recently observed in\nseveral biological systems. Such results set the stage for a functional theory\nwhich may explain the high reliability of sensory systems, and the utility of\nneuronal adaptation occurring at multiple time scales.\n" }, { "id": "558c2e1b-50f2-4786-9ab8-6632aa9cca63", "adv_source_id": "558c2e1b-50f2-4786-9ab8-6632aa9cca63", "source_id": "558c2e1b-50f2-4786-9ab8-6632aa9cca63", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chiral symmetry breaking of magnetic vortices by sample roughness", "prompt": null, "generation": " Finite-element micromagnetic simulations are employed to study the chiral\nsymmetry breaking of magnetic vortices, caused by the surface roughness of\nthin-film magnetic structures. An asymmetry between vortices with different\ncore polarizations has been experimentally observed for square-shaped\nplatelets. E.g., the threshold fields for vortex core switching were found to\ndiffer for core up and down. This asymmetry was however not expected for these\nsymmetrically-shaped structures, where both core polarizations should behave\nsymmetrically. Three-dimensional finite element simulations are employed to\nshow that a small surface roughness can break the symmetry between vortex cores\npointing up and down. A relatively small sample roughness is found sufficient\nto reproduce the experimentally observed asymmetries. It arises from the lack\nof mirror-symmetry of the rough thin-film structures, which causes vortices\nwith different handedness to exhibit asymmetric dynamics.\n" }, { "id": "73b4734c-e2d5-4a36-b445-16765f2b87be", "adv_source_id": "73b4734c-e2d5-4a36-b445-16765f2b87be", "source_id": "73b4734c-e2d5-4a36-b445-16765f2b87be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Screening and Non-local Correlations in the Extended Hubbard Model from\n Self-Consistent Combined GW and Dynamical Mean Field Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a recent implementation of the combined GW and dynamical mean\nfield (DMFT) method \"GW+DMFT\" for the two-dimensional Hubbard model with\non-site and nearest-neighbor repulsion. We clarify the relation of the GW+DMFT\nscheme to alternative approaches in the literature, and discuss the\ncorresponding approximations to the free energy functional of the model.\nFurthermore, we describe a numerically exact technique for the self-consistent\nsolution of the GW+DMFT equations, namely the hybridization expansion\ncontinuous-time algorithm for solving the dynamical impurity model that arises\nwithin the GW+DMFT scheme. We compute the low-temperature phase diagram of the\nextended Hubbard model, addressing the metal-insulator transition at small\nintersite interactions and the transition to a charge-ordered state for\nstronger intersite repulsions. Within the GW+DMFT framework, as in extended\nDMFT, the intersite repulsion translates into a frequency-dependence of the\nlocal effective interaction. We analyze this dependence by extracting a\ncharateristic plasma frequency and show how it affects the local spectral\nfunction.\n" }, { "id": "ed7d259d-d0d4-41bd-abfe-04c7299d85cc", "adv_source_id": "ed7d259d-d0d4-41bd-abfe-04c7299d85cc", "source_id": "ed7d259d-d0d4-41bd-abfe-04c7299d85cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transport properties of \\nu=1 quantum Hall bilayers. Phenomenological\n description", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a phenomenological model that describes counterflow and drag\nexperiments with quantum Hall bilayers in a \\nu_T=1 state. We consider the\nsystem consisting of statistically distributed areas with local total filling\nfactors \\nu_{T1}>1 and \\nu_{T2}<1. The excess or deficit of electrons in a\ngiven area results in an appearance of vortex excitations. The vortices in\nquantum Hall bilayers are charged. They are responsible for a decay of the\nexciton supercurrent, and, at the same time, contribute to the conductivity\ndirectly. The experimental temperature dependence of the counterflow and drive\nresistivities is described under accounting viscous forces applied to vortices\nthat are the exponentially increase functions of the inverse temperature. The\npresence of defect areas where the interlayer phase coherence is destroyed\ncompletely can result in an essential negative longitudinal drag resistivity as\nwell as in a counterflow Hall resistivity.\n" }, { "id": "a844652d-af4e-474c-9d16-3e5450a2080e", "adv_source_id": "a844652d-af4e-474c-9d16-3e5450a2080e", "source_id": "a844652d-af4e-474c-9d16-3e5450a2080e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fast approximation of angle-dependent partial redistribution in moving\n atmospheres", "prompt": null, "generation": " Radiative transfer modeling of spectral lines including partial\nredistribution (PRD) effects requires the evaluation of the ratio of the\nemission to the absorption profile. This quantity requires a large amount of\ncomputational work if one employs the angle-dependent redistribution function,\nwhich prohibits its use in 3D radiative transfer computations with model\natmospheres containing velocity fields. We aim to provide a method to compute\nthe emission to absorption profile ratio that requires less computational work\nbut retains the effect of angle-dependent scattering in the resulting line\nprofiles.\n We present a method to compute the profile ratio that employs the\nangle-averaged redistribution function and wavelength transforms to and from\nthe rest frame of the scattering particles. We compare the emergent line\nprofiles of the \\MgII\\,k and \\Lyalpha\\ lines computed with angle-dependent PRD,\nangle-averaged PRD and our new method in two representative test atmospheres.\n The new method yields a good approximation of true angle-dependent profile\nratio and the resulting emergent line profiles while keeping the computational\nspeed and simplicity of angle-averaged PRD theory.\n" }, { "id": "ad540085-d7c8-4819-8e1f-a85525b919af", "adv_source_id": "ad540085-d7c8-4819-8e1f-a85525b919af", "source_id": "ad540085-d7c8-4819-8e1f-a85525b919af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Binary Neutron Stars in Quasi-equilibrium", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quasi-equilibrium sequences of binary neutron stars are constructed for a\nvariety of equations of state in general relativity. Einstein's constraint\nequations in the Isenberg-Wilson-Mathews approximation are solved together with\nthe relativistic equations of hydrostationary equilibrium under the assumption\nof irrotational flow. We focus on unequal-mass sequences as well as equal-mass\nsequences, and compare those results. We investigate the behavior of the\nbinding energy and total angular momentum along a quasi-equilibrium sequence,\nthe endpoint of sequences, and the orbital angular velocity as a function of\ntime, changing the mass ratio, the total mass of the binary system, and the\nequation of state of a neutron star. It is found that the orbital angular\nvelocity at the mass-shedding limit can be determined by an empirical formula\nderived from an analytic estimation. We also provide tables for 160 sequences\nwhich will be useful as a guideline of numerical simulations for the inspiral\nand merger performed in the near future.\n" }, { "id": "2a4603c0-bc75-47c1-9965-f6a028984b89", "adv_source_id": "2a4603c0-bc75-47c1-9965-f6a028984b89", "source_id": "2a4603c0-bc75-47c1-9965-f6a028984b89", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Continuous-time quantized consensus: convergence of Krasowskii solutions", "prompt": null, "generation": " This note studies a network of agents having continuous-time dynamics with\nquantized interactions and time-varying directed topology. Due to the\ndiscontinuity of the dynamics, solutions of the resulting ODE system are\nintended in the sense of Krasovskii. A limit connectivity graph is defined,\nwhich encodes persistent interactions between nodes: if such graph has a\nglobally reachable node, Krasovskii solutions reach consensus (up to the\nquantizer precision) after a finite time. Under the additional assumption of a\ntime-invariant topology, the convergence time is upper bounded by a quantity\nwhich depends on the network size and the quantizer precision. It is observed\nthat the convergence time can be very large for solutions which stay on a\ndiscontinuity surface.\n" }, { "id": "585ac37b-02c7-435a-9e47-ba3e17553fd3", "adv_source_id": "585ac37b-02c7-435a-9e47-ba3e17553fd3", "source_id": "585ac37b-02c7-435a-9e47-ba3e17553fd3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Topological isomorphisms for some universal operator algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $I \\subset \\mathbb C[z_1,...,z_d]$ be a radical homogeneous ideal, and\nlet $\\mathcal A_I$ be the norm-closed non-selfadjoint algebra generated by the\ncompressions of the $d$-shift on Drury-Arveson space $H^2_d$ to the\nco-invariant subspace $H^2_d \\ominus I$. Then $\\mathcal A_I$ is the universal\noperator algebra for commuting row contractions subject to the relations in\n$I$. We ask under which conditions are there topological isomorphisms between\ntwo such algebras $\\mathcal A_I$ and $\\mathcal A_J$? We provide a positive\nanswer to a conjecture of Davidson, Ramsey and Shalit: $\\mathcal A_I$ and\n$\\mathcal A_J$ are topologically isomorphic if and only if there is an\ninvertible linear map $A$ on $\\mathbb C^d$ which maps the vanishing locus of\n$J$ isometrically onto the vanishing locus of $I$. Most of the proof is devoted\nto showing that finite algebraic sums of full Fock spaces over subspaces of\n$\\mathbb C^d$ are closed. This allows us to show that the map $A$ induces a\ncompletely bounded isomorphism between $\\mathcal A_I$ and $\\mathcal A_J$.\n" }, { "id": "4840db8f-6141-4c7e-9bb1-7882013c3cf0", "adv_source_id": "4840db8f-6141-4c7e-9bb1-7882013c3cf0", "source_id": "4840db8f-6141-4c7e-9bb1-7882013c3cf0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Supersolid phases of hardcore bosons on the square lattice: Correlated\n hopping, next-nearest neighbor hopping and frustration", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss the appearance of supersolid phases for interacting hardcore\nbosons on the square lattice when, in addition to the standard nearest neighbor\nhopping and repulsion, correlated or next-nearest neighbor hopping is present.\nHaving in mind dimer-based quantum magnets in a field described by effective\nbosonic models of this kind, we put special emphasis on a comparison between\nthe different cases of relative signs of the kinetic processes, which\ncorrespond to unfrustrated or frustrated magnetic models. In the unfrustrated\ncase, we compare Quantum Monte Carlo simulations with a mean-field (classical)\napproach, which is shown to give qualitatively correct results. Using this\nclassical approach for the frustrated case, we find that the phase diagram is\ngenerically richer than in the unfrustrated case. We also investigate in detail\nthe differences between standard next-nearest neighbour and correlated hopping\nover the diagonal, with the conclusion that both cases are similar if\ncheckerboard order is present at half-filling, while a supersolid phase can be\nstabilized without any adjacent solid phase only in the case of correlated\nhopping.\n" }, { "id": "a09f9269-445b-455f-801b-faf1f42bd0c2", "adv_source_id": "a09f9269-445b-455f-801b-faf1f42bd0c2", "source_id": "a09f9269-445b-455f-801b-faf1f42bd0c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Angular correlation function of 1.5 million LRGs: clustering evolution\n and a search for BAO", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the angular correlation function measured from photometric samples\ncomprising 1,562,800 luminous red galaxies (LRGs). Three LRG samples were\nextracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data, based on\ncolour-cut selections at redshifts, z ~ 0.35, 0.55 and 0.7 as calibrated by the\nspectroscopic surveys, SDSS-LRG, 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ), and the AAOmega\nLRG survey. The galaxy samples cover ~7600 s.q.deg of the sky, probing a total\ncosmic volume of ~5.5 h^-3} Gpc^3.\n The small and intermediate scale correlation functions generally show\nsignificant deviations from a single power-law fit with a well-detected break\nat ~1 h^-1 Mpc, consistent with the transition scale between the 1- and 2-halo\nterms in halo occupation models. For galaxy separations 1-20 h^-1 Mpc and at\nfixed luminosity, we see virtually no evolution of the clustering with redshift\nand the data is consistent with a simple high peaks biasing model where the\ncomoving LRG space density is constant with z. At fixed z, the LRG clustering\namplitude increases with luminosity in accordance with the simple high peaks\nmodel, with a typical LRG dark matter halo mass 10^13-10^14 h^-1 M_sol. For r <\n1 h^-1 Mpc, the evolution is slightly faster and the clustering decreases\ntowards high redshift consistent with a virialised clustering model. However,\nassuming the HOD and LCDM halo merger frameworks, ~2-3 per cent per Gyr of the\nLRGs is required to merge in order to explain the small scales clustering\nevolution, consistent with previous results [abridge].\n" }, { "id": "11a70163-3b41-40c9-903c-0090ef73d9db", "adv_source_id": "11a70163-3b41-40c9-903c-0090ef73d9db", "source_id": "11a70163-3b41-40c9-903c-0090ef73d9db", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rotating Disks and Non-Kinematic Double Peaks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Double-peaked line profiles are commonly considered a hallmark of rotating\ndisks, with the distance between the peaks a measure of the rotation velocity.\nHowever, double-peaks can arise also from radiative transfer effects in\noptically thick non-rotating sources. Utilizing exact solutions of the line\ntransfer problem we present a detailed study of line emission from\ngeometrically thin Keplerian disks. We derive the conditions for emergence of\nkinematic double peaks in optically thin and thick disks, and find that it is\ngenerally impossible to disentangle the effects of kinematics and line opacity\nin observed double-peaked profiles. Unless supplemented by additional\ninformation, a double-peaked profile alone is not a reliable indicator of a\nrotating disk. In certain circumstances, triple and quadruple profiles might be\nbetter indicators of rotation in optically thick disks.\n" }, { "id": "c702f723-8d34-4c66-86c8-4b30e3b859bd", "adv_source_id": "c702f723-8d34-4c66-86c8-4b30e3b859bd", "source_id": "c702f723-8d34-4c66-86c8-4b30e3b859bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spinodal decomposition and coarsening fronts in the Cahn-Hilliard\n equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study spinodal decomposition and coarsening when initiated by localized\ndisturbances in the Cahn-Hilliard equation. Spatio-temporal dynamics are\ngoverned by multi-stage invasion fronts. The first front invades a spinodal\nunstable equilibrium and creates a spatially periodic unstable pattern.\nSecondary fronts invade this unstable pattern and create a coarser pattern in\nthe wake. We give linear predictions for speeds and wavenumbers in this process\nand show existence of corresponding nonlinear fronts. The existence proof is\nbased on Conley index theory, a priori estimates, and Galerkin approximations.\nWe also compare our results and predictions with direct numerical simulations\nand report on some interesting bifurcations.\n" }, { "id": "284ac2fa-34da-4434-b393-8b6a95947a65", "adv_source_id": "284ac2fa-34da-4434-b393-8b6a95947a65", "source_id": "284ac2fa-34da-4434-b393-8b6a95947a65", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectroscopy of PTCDA attached to rare gas samples: clusters vs. bulk\n matrices. II. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " The interaction between PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride)\nmolecules and solid rare gas samples is studied by means of fluorescence\nemission spectroscopy. On the one hand, laser-excited PTCDA-doped large argon,\nneon and para-hydrogen clusters in comparison with PTCDA embedded in helium\nnanodroplets are spectroscopically characterized with respect to line\nbroadening and shifting. A fast non-radiative relaxation is observed before a\nradiative decay in the electronic ground state takes place. On the other hand,\nfluorescence emission studies of PTCDA embedded in bulk neon and argon matrices\nresults in much more complex spectral signatures characterized by a splitting\nof the different emission lines. These can be assigned to the appearance of\nsite isomers of the surrounding matrix lattice structure.\n" }, { "id": "1ae58524-5604-414a-ac8a-2966b52ba352", "adv_source_id": "1ae58524-5604-414a-ac8a-2966b52ba352", "source_id": "1ae58524-5604-414a-ac8a-2966b52ba352", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chiral magnetization of non-Abelian vacuum: a lattice study", "prompt": null, "generation": " The chiral magnetization properties of cold and hot vacua are studied using\nquenched simulations in lattice Yang-Mills theory. In weak external magnetic\nfields the magnetization is proportional to the first power of the magnetic\nfield. We evaluate numerically the coefficient of the proportionality (the\nchiral susceptibility) using near-zero eigenmodes of overlap fermions. We found\nthat the product of the chiral susceptibility and the chiral condensate equals\nto 46(3) MeV. This value is very close to the phenomenological value of 50 MeV.\nIn strong fields the magnetization is a nonlinear function of the applied\nmagnetic field. We find that the nonlinear features of the magnetization are\nwell described by an inverse tangent function. The magnetization is weakly\nsensitive to temperature in the confinement phase.\n" }, { "id": "9372599b-6d2b-4894-9e3d-4f1e2a15991b", "adv_source_id": "9372599b-6d2b-4894-9e3d-4f1e2a15991b", "source_id": "9372599b-6d2b-4894-9e3d-4f1e2a15991b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Perturbative Expansion Technique for Non-linear FBSDEs with Interacting\n Particle Method", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we propose an efficient Monte Carlo implementation of\nnon-linear FBSDEs as a system of interacting particles inspired by the ideas of\nbranching diffusion method. It will be particularly useful to investigate large\nand complex systems, and hence it is a good complement of our previous work\npresenting an analytical perturbation procedure for generic non-linear FBSDEs.\nThere appear multiple species of particles, where the first one follows the\ndiffusion of the original underlying state, and the others the Malliavin\nderivatives with a grading structure. The number of branching points are capped\nby the order of perturbation, which is expected to make the scheme less\nnumerically intensive. The proposed method can be applied to semi-linear\nproblems, such as American and Bermudan options, Credit Value Adjustment (CVA),\nand even fully non-linear issues, such as the optimal portfolio problems in\nincomplete and/or constrained markets, feedbacks from large investors, and also\nthe analysis of various risk measures.\n" }, { "id": "2ed263dd-d7d1-4640-959d-f35870b5b9d7", "adv_source_id": "2ed263dd-d7d1-4640-959d-f35870b5b9d7", "source_id": "2ed263dd-d7d1-4640-959d-f35870b5b9d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electron-positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: from heavy nuclei\n to black holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " From the interaction of physics and astrophysics we are witnessing in these\nyears a splendid synthesis of theoretical, experimental and observational\nresults originating from three fundametal physical processes. They were\noriginally proposed by Dirac, by Breit and Wheeler and by Sauter, Heisenberg,\nEuler and Schwinger. The vacuum polarization process in strong electromagnetic\nfield, pioneered by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger, introduced the\nconcept of critical electric field. It has been searched without success for\nmore than forty years by heavy-ion collisions in many of the leading particle\naccelerators worldwide. The novel situation today is that these same processes\ncan be studied on a much more grandiose scale during the gravitational collapse\nleading to the formation of a black hole being observed in Gamma Ray Bursts.\nThis report is dedicated to the scientific race in act. The theoretical and\nexperimental work developed in Earth-based laboratories is confronted with the\ntheoretical interpretation of space-based observations of phenomena originating\non cosmological scales. What has become clear in the last ten years is that all\nthe three above mentioned processes, duly extended in the general relativistic\nframework, are necessary for the understanding of the physics of the\ngravitational collapse to a black hole. Vice versa, the natural arena where\nthese processes can be observed in mutual interaction and on an unprecedented\nscale, is indeed the realm of relativistic astrophysics.\n" }, { "id": "16dbad07-0f31-44c4-a14e-75ae81968721", "adv_source_id": "16dbad07-0f31-44c4-a14e-75ae81968721", "source_id": "16dbad07-0f31-44c4-a14e-75ae81968721", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mathematics of the NFAT signalling pathway", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is a mathematical study of some aspects of the signalling pathway\nleading to the activation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of\nactivated T cells). Activation takes place by dephosphorylation at multiple\nsites. This has been modelled by Salazar and H\\\"ofer using a large system of\nordinary differential equations depending on many parameters. With the help of\nchemical reaction network theory we show that for any choice of the parameters\nthis system has a unique stationary solution for each value of the conserved\nquantity given by the total amount of NFAT and that all solutions converge to\nthis stationary solution at late times. The dephosphorylation is carried out by\ncalcineurin, which in turn is activated by a rise in calcium concentration. We\nstudy the way in which the dynamics of the calcium concentration influences\nNFAT activation, an issue also considered by Salazar and H\\\"ofer with the help\nof a model arising from work of Somogyi and Stucki. Criteria are obtained for\nconvergence to equilibrium of solutions of the model for the calcium\nconcentration.\n" }, { "id": "9039b4ee-a70f-4cfe-8c22-3c96a396fca7", "adv_source_id": "9039b4ee-a70f-4cfe-8c22-3c96a396fca7", "source_id": "9039b4ee-a70f-4cfe-8c22-3c96a396fca7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Disjoint Paths Multi-stage Interconnection Networks Stability Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " This research paper emphasizes that the Stable Matching problems are the same\nas the problems of stable configurations of Multi-stage Interconnection\nNetworks (MIN). The authors have solved the Stability Problem of Existing\nRegular Gamma Multi-stage Interconnection Network (GMIN), 3-Disjoint Gamma\nMulti-stage Interconnection Network (3DGMIN) and 3-Disjoint Path Cyclic Gamma\nMulti-stage Interconnection Network (3DCGMIN) using the approaches and\nsolutions provided by the Stable Matching Problem. Specifically Stable Marriage\nProblem is used as an example of Stable Matching. For MINs to prove Stable two\nexisting algorithms are used:-the first algorithm generates the MINs\nPreferences List in time and second algorithm produces a set of most Optimal\nPairs of the Switching Elements (SEs) (derived from the MINs Preferences List)\nin time. Moreover, the paper also solves the problem of Ties that occurs\nbetween the Optimal Pairs. The results are promising as the comparison of the\nMINs based on their stability shows that the ASEN, ABN, CLN, GMIN, 3DCGMIN are\nhighly stable in comparison to HZTN, QTN, DGMIN. However, on comparing the\nirregular and regular MINs in totality upon their stability the regular MINs\ncomes out to be more stable than the irregular MINs.\n" }, { "id": "ce776960-ed14-4edc-83bb-e10f204fce38", "adv_source_id": "ce776960-ed14-4edc-83bb-e10f204fce38", "source_id": "ce776960-ed14-4edc-83bb-e10f204fce38", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "CARS: The CFHTLS-Archive-Research Survey III. First detection of cosmic\n magnification in samples of normal high-z galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " Weak gravitational lensing (WL) has been established as one of the most\npromising probes of cosmology. So far, most studies have exploited the shear\neffect of WL leading to coherent distortions of galaxy shapes. But WL also\nintroduces coherent magnifications. We want to detect this cosmic magnification\neffect in large samples of high-redshift galaxies selected from the Deep part\nof the CFHTLS. Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z=2.5-5, are used as a background\nsample and are cross-correlated to foreground lens galaxies selected by\nphoto-z's. The signals of LBGs in different magnitude bins are compared to\npredictions from WL theory. An optimally weighted correlation function is\nestimated by taking into account the slope of external LBG luminosity\nfunctions. For the first time, we detect cosmic magnification in a sample of\nnormal galaxies. These background sources are also the ones with the highest\nredshifts so far used for WL measurements. The amplitude and angular dependence\nof the cross-correlation functions agree well with theoretical expectations and\nthe lensing signal is detected with high significance. In particular, we detect\nan anti-correlation between faint LBGs and foreground galaxies which cannot be\ncaused by redshift overlap. (abridged)\n" }, { "id": "42ed61e8-f5fb-4012-9ee7-2990d2dc9164", "adv_source_id": "42ed61e8-f5fb-4012-9ee7-2990d2dc9164", "source_id": "42ed61e8-f5fb-4012-9ee7-2990d2dc9164", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structural and electronic properties of Pb1-xCdxTe and Pb1-xMnxTe\n ternary alloys", "prompt": null, "generation": " A systematic theoretical study of two PbTe-based ternary alloys, Pb1-xCdxTe\nand Pb1-xMnxTe, is reported. First, using ab initio methods we study the\nstability of the crystal structure of CdTe - PbTe solid solutions, to predict\nthe composition for which rock-salt structure of PbTe changes into zinc-blende\nstructure of CdTe. The dependence of the lattice parameter on Cd (Mn) content x\nin the mixed crystals is studied by the same methods. The obtained decrease of\nthe lattice constant with x agrees with what is observed in both alloys. The\nband structures of PbTe-based ternary compounds are calculated within a\ntight-binding approach. To describe correctly the constituent materials new\ntight-binding parameterizations for PbTe and MnTe bulk crystals as well as a\ntight-binding description of rock-salt CdTe are proposed. For both studied\nternary alloys, the calculated band gap in the L point increases with x, in\nqualitative agreement with photoluminescence measurements in the infrared. The\nresults show also that in p-type Pb1-xCdxTe and Pb1-xMnxTe mixed crystals an\nenhancement of thermoelectrical power can be expected.\n" }, { "id": "22ff61cc-5341-453b-a8dd-cc5e327c5376", "adv_source_id": "22ff61cc-5341-453b-a8dd-cc5e327c5376", "source_id": "22ff61cc-5341-453b-a8dd-cc5e327c5376", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Oersted fields and current density profiles in spin-torque driven\n magnetization dynamics -- Finite element modelling of realistic geometries", "prompt": null, "generation": " The classical impact of electrical currents on magnetic nanostructures is\nanalyzed with numerical calculations of current-density distributions and\nOersted fields in typical contact geometries. For the Oersted field\ncalculation, a hybrid finite element / boundary element method (FEM/BEM)\ntechnique is presented which can be applied to samples of arbitrary shape.\nBased on the FEM/BEM analysis, it is argued that reliable micromagnetic\nsimulations on spin-tranfer-torque driven magnetization processes should\ninclude precise calculations of the Oersted field, particularly in the case of\npillar contact geometries. Similarly, finite-element simulations demonstrate\nthat numerical calculations of current-density distributions are required,\ne.g., in the case of magnetic strips with an indentation. Such strips are\nfrequently used for the design of devices based on current-driven domain-wall\nmotion. A dramatic increase of the current density is found at the apex of the\nnotch, which is expected to strongly affect the magnetization processes in such\nstrips.\n" }, { "id": "f7c12b79-c710-48db-be39-32a731dd9518", "adv_source_id": "f7c12b79-c710-48db-be39-32a731dd9518", "source_id": "f7c12b79-c710-48db-be39-32a731dd9518", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Secure the Clones", "prompt": null, "generation": " Exchanging mutable data objects with untrusted code is a delicate matter\nbecause of the risk of creating a data space that is accessible by an attacker.\nConsequently, secure programming guidelines for Java stress the importance of\nusing defensive copying before accepting or handing out references to an\ninternal mutable object. However, implementation of a copy method (like\nclone()) is entirely left to the programmer. It may not provide a sufficiently\ndeep copy of an object and is subject to overriding by a malicious sub-class.\nCurrently no language-based mechanism supports secure object cloning. This\npaper proposes a type-based annotation system for defining modular copy\npolicies for class-based object-oriented programs. A copy policy specifies the\nmaximally allowed sharing between an object and its clone. We present a static\nenforcement mechanism that will guarantee that all classes fulfil their copy\npolicy, even in the presence of overriding of copy methods, and establish the\nsemantic correctness of the overall approach in Coq. The mechanism has been\nimplemented and experimentally evaluated on clone methods from several Java\nlibraries.\n" }, { "id": "f85a4bd4-ae5d-4a3f-8a89-711769b8f9d8", "adv_source_id": "f85a4bd4-ae5d-4a3f-8a89-711769b8f9d8", "source_id": "f85a4bd4-ae5d-4a3f-8a89-711769b8f9d8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Symplectic integration of space debris motion considering several\n Earth's shadowing models", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work, we present a symplectic integration scheme to numerically\ncompute space debris motion. Such an integrator is particularly suitable to\nobtain reliable trajectories of objects lying on high orbits, especially\ngeostationary ones. Indeed, it has already been demonstrated that such objects\ncould stay there for hundreds of years. Our model takes into account the\nEarth's gravitational potential, luni-solar and planetary gravitational\nperturbations and direct solar radiation pressure. Based on the analysis of the\nenergy conservation and on a comparison with a high order non-symplectic\nintegrator, we show that our algorithm allows us to use large time steps and\nkeep accurate results. We also propose an innovative method to model Earth's\nshadow crossings by means of a smooth shadow function. In the particular\nframework of symplectic integration, such a function needs to be included\nanalytically in the equations of motion in order to prevent numerical drifts of\nthe energy. For the sake of completeness, both cylindrical shadows and penumbra\ntransitions models are considered. We show that both models are not equivalent\nand that big discrepancies actually appear between associated orbits,\nespecially for high area-to-mass ratios.\n" }, { "id": "734c462a-5561-4bba-924e-15237207b616", "adv_source_id": "734c462a-5561-4bba-924e-15237207b616", "source_id": "734c462a-5561-4bba-924e-15237207b616", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gerechte Designs with Rectangular Regions", "prompt": null, "generation": " A \\emph{gerechte framework} is a partition of an $n \\times n$ array into $n$\nregions of $n$ cells each. A \\emph{realization} of a gerechte framework is a\nlatin square of order $n$ with the property that when its cells are partitioned\nby the framework, each region contains exactly one copy of each symbol. A\n\\emph{gerechte design} is a gerechte framework together with a realization.\n We investigate gerechte frameworks where each region is a rectangle. It seems\nplausible that all such frameworks have realizations, and we present some\nprogress towards answering this question. In particular, we show that for all\npositive integers $s$ and $t$, any gerechte framework where each region is\neither an $s \\times t$ rectangle or a $t\\times s$ rectangle is realizable.\n" }, { "id": "6cd48304-fd37-4200-9542-849fe8e54ad8", "adv_source_id": "6cd48304-fd37-4200-9542-849fe8e54ad8", "source_id": "6cd48304-fd37-4200-9542-849fe8e54ad8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Algebraic/combinatorial proofs of Cayley-type identities for derivatives\n of determinants and pfaffians", "prompt": null, "generation": " The classic Cayley identity states that \\det(\\partial) (\\det X)^s =\ns(s+1)...(s+n-1) (\\det X)^{s-1} where X=(x_{ij}) is an n-by-n matrix of\nindeterminates and \\partial=(\\partial/\\partial x_{ij}) is the corresponding\nmatrix of partial derivatives. In this paper we present straightforward\ncombinatorial proofs of a variety of Cayley-type identities, both old and new.\nThe most powerful of these proofs employ Grassmann algebra (= exterior algebra)\nand Grassmann-Berezin integration. Among the new identities proven here are a\npair of \"diagonal-parametrized\" Cayley identities, a pair of\n\"Laplacian-parametrized\" Cayley identities, and the \"product-parametrized\" and\n\"border-parametrized\" rectangular Cayley identities.\n" }, { "id": "f74898be-3e46-485f-8801-2661e35c7b49", "adv_source_id": "f74898be-3e46-485f-8801-2661e35c7b49", "source_id": "f74898be-3e46-485f-8801-2661e35c7b49", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Statistical Mechanics of the Anomalous Behavior of Tetrahedral Liquids", "prompt": null, "generation": " Tetrahedral liquids such as water and silica-melt show unusual thermodynamic\nbehavior such as a density maximum and an increase in specific-heat when cooled\nto low temperatures. There is a debate in the literature whether these\nphenomena stem from a phase transition into a low-density and high-density\nliquid phases, which occur in the supercooled regime. Here we consider a model\nof tetrahedral liquids for which we construct a volume-constrained statistical\nmechanical theory which quantifies the local structure of the liquid. We\ncompare the theory to molecular dynamics simulations and show that the theory\ncan rationalize the simulations semi-quantitatively. We show that the anomalous\ndensity and specific heat behavior arise naturally from this theory without\nexhibiting a liquid-liquid phase-transition. We explain that this theory may or\nmay not have a phase transition, depending on the volume and temperature\ndependence of the energy and entropy which are sensitive to small changes in\nthe parameters of the model.\n" }, { "id": "f5b1ccc1-cb61-450e-9a50-23cb71d99b32", "adv_source_id": "f5b1ccc1-cb61-450e-9a50-23cb71d99b32", "source_id": "f5b1ccc1-cb61-450e-9a50-23cb71d99b32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase transitions in the $sdg$ interacting boson model", "prompt": null, "generation": " A geometric analysis of the $sdg$ interacting boson model is performed. A\ncoherent-state is used in terms of three types of deformation: axial quadrupole\n($\\beta_2$), axial hexadecapole ($\\beta_4$) and triaxial ($\\gamma_2$). The\nphase-transitional structure is established for a schematic $sdg$ hamiltonian\nwhich is intermediate between four dynamical symmetries of U(15), namely the\nspherical ${\\rm U}(5)\\otimes{\\rm U}(9)$, the (prolate and oblate) deformed\n${\\rm SU}_\\pm(3)$ and the $\\gamma_2$-soft SO(15) limits. For realistic choices\nof the hamiltonian parameters the resulting phase diagram has properties close\nto what is obtained in the $sd$ version of the model and, in particular, no\ntransition towards a stable triaxial shape is found.\n" }, { "id": "28ab673b-c195-41b1-9d19-41b4e7d6d146", "adv_source_id": "28ab673b-c195-41b1-9d19-41b4e7d6d146", "source_id": "28ab673b-c195-41b1-9d19-41b4e7d6d146", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New Algorithms and Lower Bounds for Sequential-Access Data Compression", "prompt": null, "generation": " This thesis concerns sequential-access data compression, i.e., by algorithms\nthat read the input one or more times from beginning to end. In one chapter we\nconsider adaptive prefix coding, for which we must read the input character by\ncharacter, outputting each character's self-delimiting codeword before reading\nthe next one. We show how to encode and decode each character in constant\nworst-case time while producing an encoding whose length is worst-case optimal.\nIn another chapter we consider one-pass compression with memory bounded in\nterms of the alphabet size and context length, and prove a nearly tight\ntradeoff between the amount of memory we can use and the quality of the\ncompression we can achieve. In a third chapter we consider compression in the\nread/write streams model, which allows us passes and memory both\npolylogarithmic in the size of the input. We first show how to achieve\nuniversal compression using only one pass over one stream. We then show that\none stream is not sufficient for achieving good grammar-based compression.\nFinally, we show that two streams are necessary and sufficient for achieving\nentropy-only bounds.\n" }, { "id": "31ebbf63-ce9e-4518-bfe0-7f2725e1e38a", "adv_source_id": "31ebbf63-ce9e-4518-bfe0-7f2725e1e38a", "source_id": "31ebbf63-ce9e-4518-bfe0-7f2725e1e38a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Information-Theoretical Security for Several Models of Multiple-Access\n Channel", "prompt": null, "generation": " Several security models of multiple-access channel (MAC) are investigated.\nFirst, we study the degraded MAC with confidential messages, where two users\ntransmit their confidential messages (no common message) to a destination, and\neach user obtains a degraded version of the output of the MAC. Each user views\nthe other user as a eavesdropper, and wishes to keep its confidential message\nas secret as possible from the other user. Measuring each user's uncertainty\nabout the other user's confidential message by equivocation, the inner and\nouter bounds on the capacity-equivocation region for this model have been\nprovided. The result is further explained via the binary and Gaussian examples.\n Second, the discrete memoryless multiple-access wiretap channel (MAC-WT) is\nstudied, where two users transmit their corresponding confidential messages (no\ncommon message) to a legitimate receiver, while an additional wiretapper wishes\nto obtain the messages via a wiretap channel. This new model is considered into\ntwo cases: the general MAC-WT with cooperative encoders, and the degraded\nMAC-WT with non-cooperative encoders. The capacity-equivocation region is\ntotally determined for the cooperative case, and inner and outer bounds on the\ncapacity-equivocation region are provided for the non-cooperative case. For\nboth cases, the results are further explained via the binary examples.\n" }, { "id": "64126c7b-470c-4b44-b4cd-7e5b5f30da5d", "adv_source_id": "64126c7b-470c-4b44-b4cd-7e5b5f30da5d", "source_id": "64126c7b-470c-4b44-b4cd-7e5b5f30da5d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some drastic improvements found in the analysis of routing protocol for\n the Bluetooth technology using scatternet", "prompt": null, "generation": " Bluetooth is a promising wireless technology that enables portable devices to\nform short-range wireless ad hoc networks. Unlike wireless LAN, the\ncommunication of Bluetooth devices follow a strict master slave relationship,\nthat is, it is not possible for a slave device to directly communicate with\nanother slave device even though they are within the radio coverage of each\nother. For inter piconet communication, a scatternet has to be formed, in which\nsome Bluetooth devices have to act as bridge nodes between piconets. The\nScatternet formed have following properties in which they are connected i.e\nevery Bluetooth device can be reached from every other device, Piconet size is\nlimited to eight nodes [1]. The author of this research paper have studied\ndifferent type of routing protocol and have made efforts to improve throughput\nand reduce packet loss due to failure in the routing loop and increased\nmobility and improve the cohesive network structure, resolve the change\ntopology conflicts [2], and a successful & efficient transfer of packet from\nsource to destination.\n" }, { "id": "10ad8731-47c6-43ad-9a14-115c6bd053d8", "adv_source_id": "10ad8731-47c6-43ad-9a14-115c6bd053d8", "source_id": "10ad8731-47c6-43ad-9a14-115c6bd053d8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Une classe d'espaces pr\\'ehomog\\`enes de type parabolique faiblement\n sph\\'eriques", "prompt": null, "generation": " For absolutely simple, finite-dimensional Lie algebras g of rank at least 2,\ndefined over a local field of characteristic 0 and admitting a graduation:\ng=g(-2)+g(-1)+g(0)+g(1)+g(2) given by an element H such that 2H is simple, we\nconstruct parabolic subgroups P of the automorphism group of g which centralize\nH, having geometric prehomogeneous action on g(1) and g(-1). We study the\nstructure of these prehomogeneous vector spaces. We prove that the Zeta\nfunctions associated to the fundamental invariants for the P action on g(1) and\ng(-1) have meromorphic extensions which satisfy functional equations. We give\nthe explicit calculus of the coefficients of these functional equations and the\nBernstein polynomials associated to these fundamental invariants in the\narchimedian case, by reducing the problem to a similar problem for centralizers\nof pair of commuting sl(2) Lie algebras. This work is a generalization of\nwell-known results when g(2)=0.\n" }, { "id": "6733e097-b4f4-4207-adfa-fa86ef81f671", "adv_source_id": "6733e097-b4f4-4207-adfa-fa86ef81f671", "source_id": "6733e097-b4f4-4207-adfa-fa86ef81f671", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Equation of motion for multiqubit entanglement in multiple independent\n noisy channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the possibility and conditions to factorize the entanglement\nevolution of a multiqubit system passing through multi-sided noisy channels. By\nmeans of a lower bound of concurrence (LBC) as entanglement measure, we derive\nan explicit formula of LBC evolution of the N-qubit generalized\nGreenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GGHZ) state under some typical noisy channels,\nbased on which two kinds of factorizing conditions for the LBC evolution are\npresented. In this case, the time-dependent LBC can be determined by a product\nof initial LBC of the system and the LBC evolution of a maximally entangled\nGGHZ state under the same multi-sided noisy channels. We analyze the realistic\nsituations where these two kinds of factorizing conditions can be satisfied. In\naddition, we also discuss the dependence of entanglement robustness on the\nnumber of the qubits and that of the noisy channels.\n" }, { "id": "ffc7677f-00a5-4a2d-aab8-d5de4a959756", "adv_source_id": "ffc7677f-00a5-4a2d-aab8-d5de4a959756", "source_id": "ffc7677f-00a5-4a2d-aab8-d5de4a959756", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optical Control of Entangled States in Quantum Wells", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present theory and calculations for coherent high-fidelity quantum control\nof many-particle states in semiconductor quantum wells. We show that coupling a\ntwo-electron double quantum dot to a terahertz optical source enables targeted\nexcitations that are one to two orders of magnitude faster and significantly\nmore accurate than those obtained with electric gates. The optical fields\nsubject to physical constraints are obtained through quantum optimal control\ntheory that we apply in conjunction with the numerically exact solution of the\ntime-dependent Schrodinger equation. Our ability to coherently control\narbitrary two-electron states, and to maximize the entanglement, opens up\nfurther perspectives in solid-state quantum information.\n" }, { "id": "fb056254-c21b-44e0-b996-ff89379c92cd", "adv_source_id": "fb056254-c21b-44e0-b996-ff89379c92cd", "source_id": "fb056254-c21b-44e0-b996-ff89379c92cd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Proper Motions of OH Masers and Magnetic Fields in Massive Star-Forming\n Regions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present data of proper motions of OH masers in the massive star-forming\nregions ON 1, K3-50, and W51 Main/South. OH maser motions in ON 1 are\nconsistent with expansion at approximately 5 km/s, likely tracing the expanding\nultracompact H II region. Motions in K3-50 are faster and may be indicating the\nfinal stages of OH maser emission in the source, before the OH masers turn off\nas the H II region transitions from the ultracompact to the compact phase. W51\nSouth shows indications of aspherical expansion, while motions in W51 Main are\nmore difficult to interpret. Nevertheless, it appears that the relative\nprojected separation between W51 Main and W51 South is decreasing,\ncorresponding to an estimate of enclosed mass of at least 1500 solar masses,\nconsistent with estimates derived from millimeter-wavelength dust emission. We\nconfirm the ~20 mG magnetic fields previously seen in W51 Main, which may\nrepresent the upper end of the density range allowable for 1665 MHz maser\nemission. Magnetic field strengths and directions, obtained from Zeeman\nsplitting, in each source are consistent with values obtained in the first\nepoch four to nine years ago.\n" }, { "id": "5c603120-f92f-4ac2-8e4c-9087cdf9ffb8", "adv_source_id": "5c603120-f92f-4ac2-8e4c-9087cdf9ffb8", "source_id": "5c603120-f92f-4ac2-8e4c-9087cdf9ffb8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A theorem about relative entropy of quantum states with an application\n to privacy in quantum communication", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove the following theorem about relative entropy of quantum states.\n\"Substate theorem: Let rho and sigma be quantum states in the same Hilbert\nspace with relative entropy S(rho|sigma) = Tr rho (log rho - log sigma) = c.\nThen for all epsilon > 0, there is a state rho' such that the trace distance\n||rho' - rho||_t = Tr sqrt{(rho' - rho)^2} <= epsilon, and\nrho'/2^{O(c/epsilon^2)} <= sigma.\"\n It states that if the relative entropy of rho and sigma is small, then there\nis a state rho' close to rho, i.e. with small trace distance ||rho' - rho||_t,\nthat when scaled down by a factor 2^{O(c)} `sits inside', or becomes a\n`substate' of, sigma. This result has several applications in quantum\ncommunication complexity and cryptography. Using the substate theorem, we\nderive a privacy trade-off for the set membership problem in the two-party\nquantum communication model. Here Alice is given a subset A of [n], Bob an\ninput i in [n], and they need to determine if i in A.\n \"Privacy trade-off for set membership: In any two-party quantum communication\nprotocol for the set membership problem, if Bob reveals only k bits of\ninformation about his input, then Alice must reveal at least n/2^{O(k)} bits of\ninformation about her input.\"\n We also discuss relationships between various information theoretic\nquantities that arise naturally in the context of the substate theorem.\n" }, { "id": "33d51e07-8afb-496a-841c-171c23d2d6c6", "adv_source_id": "33d51e07-8afb-496a-841c-171c23d2d6c6", "source_id": "33d51e07-8afb-496a-841c-171c23d2d6c6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dual Superconformal Invariance, Momentum Twistors and Grassmannians", "prompt": null, "generation": " Dual superconformal invariance has recently emerged as a hidden symmetry of\nplanar scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. This symmetry can\nbe made manifest by expressing amplitudes in terms of `momentum twistors', as\nopposed to the usual twistors that make the ordinary superconformal properties\nmanifest. The relation between momentum twistors and on-shell momenta is\nalgebraic, so the translation procedure does not rely on any choice of\nspace-time signature. We show that tree amplitudes and box coefficients are\nsuccinctly generated by integration of holomorphic delta-functions in momentum\ntwistors over cycles in a Grassmannian. This is analogous to, although distinct\nfrom, recent results obtained by Arkani-Hamed et al. in ordinary twistor space.\nWe also make contact with Hodges' polyhedral representation of NMHV amplitudes\nin momentum twistor space.\n" }, { "id": "c26d6ed8-ba1c-4d46-95e3-6b1987e25fa0", "adv_source_id": "c26d6ed8-ba1c-4d46-95e3-6b1987e25fa0", "source_id": "c26d6ed8-ba1c-4d46-95e3-6b1987e25fa0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A General Framework for Development of the Cortex-like Visual Object\n Recognition System: Waves of Spikes, Predictive Coding and Universal\n Dictionary of Features", "prompt": null, "generation": " This study is focused on the development of the cortex-like visual object\nrecognition system. We propose a general framework, which consists of three\nhierarchical levels (modules). These modules functionally correspond to the V1,\nV4 and IT areas. Both bottom-up and top-down connections between the\nhierarchical levels V4 and IT are employed. The higher the degree of matching\nbetween the input and the preferred stimulus, the shorter the response time of\nthe neuron. Therefore information about a single stimulus is distributed in\ntime and is transmitted by the waves of spikes. The reciprocal connections and\nwaves of spikes implement predictive coding: an initial hypothesis is generated\non the basis of information delivered by the first wave of spikes and is tested\nwith the information carried by the consecutive waves. The development is\nconsidered as extraction and accumulation of features in V4 and objects in IT.\nOnce stored a feature can be disposed, if rarely activated. This cause update\nof feature repository. Consequently, objects in IT are also updated. This\nillustrates the growing process and dynamical change of topological structures\nof V4, IT and connections between these areas.\n" }, { "id": "6d817307-f7a3-4d30-b89f-aaa1e8969bc2", "adv_source_id": "6d817307-f7a3-4d30-b89f-aaa1e8969bc2", "source_id": "6d817307-f7a3-4d30-b89f-aaa1e8969bc2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Residual properties of graph manifold groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $f\\colon M\\to N$ be a continuous map between closed irreducible graph\nmanifolds with infinite fundamental group. Perron and Shalen showed that if $f$\ninduces a homology equivalence on all finite covers, then $f$ is in fact\nhomotopic to a homeomorphism. Their proof used the statement that every graph\nmanifold is finitely covered by a $3$-manifold whose fundamental group is\nresidually $p$ for every prime $p$. We will show that this statement regarding\ngraph manifold groups is not true in general, but we will show how to modify\nthe argument of Perron and Shalen to recover their main result. As a by-product\nwe will determine all semidirect products $\\Z \\ltimes \\Z^d$ which are\nresidually $p$ for every prime $p$.\n" }, { "id": "97e03d64-4d4f-44c4-a808-6edc748ba193", "adv_source_id": "97e03d64-4d4f-44c4-a808-6edc748ba193", "source_id": "97e03d64-4d4f-44c4-a808-6edc748ba193", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relations in the Near-Infrared and the\n Distance to M31 from the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present measurements of 68 classical Cepheids with periods from 10 to 78\ndays observed in the near-infrared by the PHAT Program using the Wide Field\nCamera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The combination of HST's\nresolution and the use of near-infrared measurements provides a dramatic\nreduction in the dispersion of the Period--Luminosity relation over the present\noptical, ground-based data. Even using random-phase magnitudes we measure a\ndispersion of just 0.17 mag, implying a dispersion of just 0.12 mag for mean\nmagnitudes. The error in the mean for this relation is 1% in distance. Combined\nwith similar observations of Cepheids in other hosts and independent distance\ndeterminations, we measure a distance to M31 of mu_0=24.42 +/- 0.05\n(statistical) +/- 0.03 (systematic), 765 +/- 28 kpc, in good agreement with\npast measurements though with a better, 3% precision here. The result is also\nin good agreement with independent distance determinations from two detached\neclipsing binaries allowing for an independent calibration of the Cepheid\nluminosities and a determination of the Hubble constant.\n" }, { "id": "5a84daed-09b5-4bb5-ac55-bc22ab7fb2b9", "adv_source_id": "5a84daed-09b5-4bb5-ac55-bc22ab7fb2b9", "source_id": "5a84daed-09b5-4bb5-ac55-bc22ab7fb2b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical computation of isotropic Compton scattering", "prompt": null, "generation": " Compton scattering is involved in many astrophysical situations. It is well\nknown and has been studied in detail for the past fifty years. Exact formulae\nfor the different cross sections are often complex, and essentially asymptotic\nexpressions have been used in the past. Numerical capabilities have now\ndeveloped to a point where they enable the direct use of exact formulae in\nsophisticated codes that deal with all kinds of interactions in plasmas.\nAlthough the numerical computation of the Compton cross section is simple in\nprinciple, its practical evaluation is often prone to accuracy issues. These\ncan be severe in some astrophysical situations but are often not addressed\nproperly. In this paper we investigate numerical issues related to the\ncomputation of the Compton scattering contribution to the time evolution of\ninteracting photon and particle populations. An exact form of the isotropic\nCompton cross section free of numerical cancellations is derived. Its accuracy\nis investigated and compared to other formulae. Then, several methods to solve\nthe kinetic equations using this cross section are studied. The regimes where\nexisting cross sections can be evaluated numerically are given. We find that\nthe cross section derived here allows for accurate and fast numerical\nevaluation for any photon and electron energy. The most efficient way to solve\nthe kinetic equations is a method combining a direct integration of the cross\nsection over the photon and particle distributions and a Fokker-Planck\napproximation. Expressions describing this combination are given.\n" }, { "id": "6896d359-9ed9-4c97-9020-d91ad87054fb", "adv_source_id": "6896d359-9ed9-4c97-9020-d91ad87054fb", "source_id": "6896d359-9ed9-4c97-9020-d91ad87054fb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dial a Ride from k-forest", "prompt": null, "generation": " The k-forest problem is a common generalization of both the k-MST and the\ndense-$k$-subgraph problems. Formally, given a metric space on $n$ vertices\n$V$, with $m$ demand pairs $\\subseteq V \\times V$ and a ``target'' $k\\le m$,\nthe goal is to find a minimum cost subgraph that connects at least $k$ demand\npairs. In this paper, we give an $O(\\min\\{\\sqrt{n},\\sqrt{k}\\})$-approximation\nalgorithm for $k$-forest, improving on the previous best ratio of\n$O(n^{2/3}\\log n)$ by Segev & Segev.\n We then apply our algorithm for k-forest to obtain approximation algorithms\nfor several Dial-a-Ride problems. The basic Dial-a-Ride problem is the\nfollowing: given an $n$ point metric space with $m$ objects each with its own\nsource and destination, and a vehicle capable of carrying at most $k$ objects\nat any time, find the minimum length tour that uses this vehicle to move each\nobject from its source to destination. We prove that an $\\alpha$-approximation\nalgorithm for the $k$-forest problem implies an\n$O(\\alpha\\cdot\\log^2n)$-approximation algorithm for Dial-a-Ride. Using our\nresults for $k$-forest, we get an $O(\\min\\{\\sqrt{n},\\sqrt{k}\\}\\cdot\\log^2 n)$-\napproximation algorithm for Dial-a-Ride. The only previous result known for\nDial-a-Ride was an $O(\\sqrt{k}\\log n)$-approximation by Charikar &\nRaghavachari; our results give a different proof of a similar approximation\nguarantee--in fact, when the vehicle capacity $k$ is large, we give a slight\nimprovement on their results.\n" }, { "id": "f8cb4a14-d878-4428-a6c8-8496f76c4bea", "adv_source_id": "f8cb4a14-d878-4428-a6c8-8496f76c4bea", "source_id": "f8cb4a14-d878-4428-a6c8-8496f76c4bea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "KL-optimum designs: theoretical properties and practical computation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper some new properties and computational tools for finding\nKL-optimum designs are provided. KL-optimality is a general criterion useful to\nselect the best experimental conditions to discriminate between statistical\nmodels. A KL-optimum design is obtained from a minimax optimization problem,\nwhich is defined on a infinite-dimensional space. In particular, continuity of\nthe KL-optimality criterion is proved under mild conditions; as a consequence,\nthe first-order algorithm converges to the set of KL-optimum designs for a\nlarge class of models. It is also shown that KL-optimum designs are invariant\nto any scale-position transformation. Some examples are given and discussed,\ntogether with some practical implications for numerical computation purposes.\n" }, { "id": "2288be04-f705-4f04-a67e-9359a8403f66", "adv_source_id": "2288be04-f705-4f04-a67e-9359a8403f66", "source_id": "2288be04-f705-4f04-a67e-9359a8403f66", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Isotropic-Nematic Interface with an Oblique Anchoring Condition", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present numerical and analytic results for uniaxial and biaxial order at\nthe isotropic-nematic interface within Ginzburg-Landau-de Gennes theory. We\nstudy the case where an oblique anchoring condition is imposed asymptotically\non the nematic side of the interface, reproducing results of previous work when\nthis condition reduces to planar or homoeotropic anchoring. We construct\nphysically motivated and computationally flexible variational profiles for\nuniaxial and biaxial order, comparing our variational results to numerical\nresults obtained from a minimization of the Ginzburg-Landau-de Gennes free\nenergy. While spatial variations of the scalar uniaxial and biaxial order\nparameters are confined to the neighbourhood of the interface, nematic\nelasticity requires that the director orientation interpolate linearly between\neither planar or homoeotropic anchoring at the location of the interface and\nthe imposed boundary condition at infinity. The selection of planar or\nhomoeotropic anchoring at the interface is governed by the sign of the\nGinzburg-Landau-de Gennes elastic coefficient L_2. Our variational calculations\nare in close agreement with our numerics and agree qualitatively with results\nfrom density functional theory and molecular simulations.\n" }, { "id": "97205110-7a33-4531-836a-3acd224292c8", "adv_source_id": "97205110-7a33-4531-836a-3acd224292c8", "source_id": "97205110-7a33-4531-836a-3acd224292c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The paradigm of kinematics and dynamics must yield to causal structure", "prompt": null, "generation": " The distinction between a theory's kinematics and its dynamics, that is,\nbetween the space of physical states it posits and its law of evolution, is\ncentral to the conceptual framework of many physicists. A change to the\nkinematics of a theory, however, can be compensated by a change to its dynamics\nwithout empirical consequence, which strongly suggests that these features of\nthe theory, considered separately, cannot have physical significance. It must\ntherefore be concluded (with apologies to Minkowski) that henceforth kinematics\nby itself, and dynamics by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows,\nand only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality. The\nnotion of causal structure seems to provide a good characterization of this\nunion.\n" }, { "id": "5f7f20a6-47fa-42cd-beb8-54ae93f78a8b", "adv_source_id": "5f7f20a6-47fa-42cd-beb8-54ae93f78a8b", "source_id": "5f7f20a6-47fa-42cd-beb8-54ae93f78a8b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraints on the generalized tachyon field models from latest\n observational data", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider constraints on generalized tachyon field (GTF) models from latest\nobservational data (including 182 gold SNIa data, the shift parameter, and the\nacoustic scale). We obtain at 68.3% confidence level $\\Omega_{\\rm\nm}=0.37\\pm0.01$, $k_0=0.09^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$, $\\alpha=1.8^{+7.4}_{-0.7}$ (the\nbest-fit values of the parameters) and $z_{q=0}\\sim 0.47-0.51$ (the\ntransitional redshift) for GTF as dark energy component only;\n$k_0=0.21^{+0.20}_{-0.18}$, $\\alpha=0.57\\pm0.01$ and $z_{q=0}\\sim 0.49-0.68$\nfor GTF as unification of dark energy and dark matter. In both cases, GTF\nevolves like dark matter in the early universe. By applying model-comparison\nstatistics and test with independent $H(z)$ data, we find GTF dark energy\nscenario is favored over the $\\Lambda$CDM model, and the $\\Lambda$CDM model is\nfavored over GTF unified dark matter by the combined data. For GTF as dark\nenergy component, the fluctuations of matter density is consistent with the\ngrowth of linear density perturbations. For GTF unified dark matter, the growth\nof GTF density fluctuations grow more slowly for $a\\to1$, meaning GTF do not\nbehave as classical $\\Lambda$CDM scenarios.\n" }, { "id": "52944194-dc63-4a09-b34b-417965855789", "adv_source_id": "52944194-dc63-4a09-b34b-417965855789", "source_id": "52944194-dc63-4a09-b34b-417965855789", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Splitting multidimensional necklaces and measurable colorings of\n Euclidean spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " A necklace splitting theorem of Goldberg and West asserts that any k-colored\n(continuous) necklace can be fairly split using at most k cuts. Motivated by\nthe problem of Erd\\H{o}s on strongly nonrepetitive sequences, Alon et al.\nproved that there is a (t+3)-coloring of the real line in which no necklace has\na fair splitting using at most t cuts. We generalize this result for higher\ndimensional spaces. More specifically, we prove that there is k-coloring of\nR^{d} such that no cube has a fair splitting of size t (using at most t\nhyperplanes orthogonal to each of the axes), provided\nk>(t+4)^{d}-(t+3)^{d}+(t+2)^{d}-2^{d}+d(t+2)+3. We also consider a discrete\nvariant of the multidimensional necklace splitting problem in the spirit of the\ntheorem of de Longueville and \\v{Z}ivaljevi\\'c. The question how many axes\naligned hyperplanes are needed for a fair splitting of a d-dimensional\nk-colored cube remains open.\n" }, { "id": "8a37edcb-843f-4466-bf27-ca4007c616bb", "adv_source_id": "8a37edcb-843f-4466-bf27-ca4007c616bb", "source_id": "8a37edcb-843f-4466-bf27-ca4007c616bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kinetic simulations of magnetic reconnection in presence of a background\n O+ population", "prompt": null, "generation": " Particle-in-Cell simulations of magnetic reconnection with an H+ current\nsheet and a mixed background plasma of H+ and O+ ions are completed using\nphysical mass ratios. Four main results are shown. First, the O+ presence\nslightly decreases the reconnection rate and the magnetic reconnection\nevolution depends mainly on the lighter H+ ion species in the presented\nsimulations. Second, the Hall magnetic field is characterized by a two-scale\nstructure in presence of O+ ions: it reaches sharp peak values in a small area\nin proximity of the neutral line, and then decreases slowly over a large\nregion. Third, the two background species initially separate in the outflow\nregion because H+ and O+ ions are accelerated by different mechanisms occurring\non different time scales and with different strengths. Fourth, the effect of a\nguide field on the O+ dynamics is studied: the O+ presence does not change the\nreconnected flux and all the characteristic features of guide field magnetic\nreconnection are still present. Moreover, the guide field introduces an O+\ncirculation pattern between separatrices that enhances high O+ density areas\nand depletes low O+ density regions in proximity of the reconnection fronts.\nThe importance and the validity of these results are finally discussed.\n" }, { "id": "7bcf53a0-926e-4459-a44b-1281bf356e5a", "adv_source_id": "7bcf53a0-926e-4459-a44b-1281bf356e5a", "source_id": "7bcf53a0-926e-4459-a44b-1281bf356e5a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electron-Positron Pair Loading and the Origin of the Upstream Magnetic\n Field in GRB Shocks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate here the effects of plasma instabilities driven by rapid\nelectron/positron pair cascades, which arise in the environment of GRB sources\nas a result of back-scattering of a seed fraction of the original spectrum. The\ninjection of electron/positron pairs induces strong streaming motions in the\nambient medium. One therefore expects the pair-enriched medium ahead of the\nforward shock to be strongly sheared on length scales comparable to the\nradiation front thickness. Using three-dimensional particle-in-cell\nsimulations, we show that plasma instabilities driven by these streaming\nelectron/positron pairs are responsible for the excitation of\nnear-equipartition, turbulent magnetic fields. Our results reveal the\nimportance of the electromagnetic filamentation instability in ensuring an\neffective coupling between electron/positron pairs and ions, and may help\nexplain the origin of large upstream fields in GRB shocks.\n" }, { "id": "5570d215-b538-4c26-80d6-22c03d0bd7fc", "adv_source_id": "5570d215-b538-4c26-80d6-22c03d0bd7fc", "source_id": "5570d215-b538-4c26-80d6-22c03d0bd7fc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orbital-spin order and the origin of structural distortion in\n MgTi$_2$O$_4$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of the spinel\ncompound MgTi$_2$O$_4$ using the local density approximation+U method. We show\nhow MgTi$_2$O$_4$ undergoes to a canted orbital-spin ordered state, where\ncharge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom are frozen in a geometrically\nfrustrated network by electron interactions. In our picture orbital order\nstabilize the magnetic ground state and controls the degree of structural\ndistortions. The latter is dynamically derived from the cubic structure in the\ncorrelated LDA+U potential. Our ground-state theory provides a consistent\npicture for the dimerized phase of MgTi$_2$O$_4$, and might be applicable to\nfrustrated materials in general.\n" }, { "id": "eaae4478-6ef6-4e1d-abfb-ad73a062e37e", "adv_source_id": "eaae4478-6ef6-4e1d-abfb-ad73a062e37e", "source_id": "eaae4478-6ef6-4e1d-abfb-ad73a062e37e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tantalum STJ for Photon Counting Detectors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Superconducting Tunnel Junctions (STJ's) are currently being developed as\nphoton detectors for a wide range of applications. Interest comes from their\nability to cumulate photon counting with chromaticity (i.e. energy resolution)\nfrom the near infrared (2 $\\mu$m) to the X-rays wavelengths and good quantum\nefficiency up to 80%. Resolving power can exceed 10 in the visible wavelength\nrange. Our main goal is to use STJ's for astronomical observations at low light\nlevel in the near infrared. This paper put the emphasis on two main points: the\nimprovement of the tantalum absorber epitaxy and the development of a new\nversion of the fabrication process for making Ta/Al-AlOx-Al/Ta photon counting\nSTJ's. The main features of this process are that pixels have aligned\nelectrodes and vias patterned through a protecting SiO2 layer. These vias are\nthen used to contact the top electrode layer. We use a double thin aluminum\ntrapping layer on top of a 150 nm thick Ta absorber grown epitaxially. Photon\ncounting experiments with Ta junction array are presented at \\lambda = 0.78\n$\\mu$m. Digital filtering methods are used to compute the photon counting data\nin order to minimize the effects of noise.\n" }, { "id": "169cc499-4b8e-4ec4-b3e8-563865561b92", "adv_source_id": "169cc499-4b8e-4ec4-b3e8-563865561b92", "source_id": "169cc499-4b8e-4ec4-b3e8-563865561b92", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cloudy Atmosphere of the Extra-solar Planet HD189733b : A Possible\n Explanation of the Detected B-band Polarization", "prompt": null, "generation": " The peak amplitude of linear polarization detected recently from an\nextrasolar hot giant planet HD 189733b, is a few times of $10^{-4}$, more than\nan order of magnitude higher than all theoretical predictions. Rayleigh\nscattering off $H_2$ and $He$ may although give rise to a planet-star flux\nratio of the order of $10^{-4}$ in the blue band, it cannot account for the\nhigh polarization unless the planet has an unusually extended atmosphere.\nTherefore, it is suggested that the high polarization should be attributed to\nthe presence of a thin cloud of sub-micron size dust grains in the upper\nvisible atmosphere which supports the observational finding of an almost\nfeature-less transmission spectrum in the optical with no indication of the\nexpected alkaline absorption features. It is found that the polarimetry\nobservation allows for a small eccentricity of the orbit that is predicted from\nthe time delay of the secondary eclipse of the planet. The estimated longitude\nof the ascending node is $16^o\\pm6$ which interestingly coincides with the\nobservationally inferred location of the peak hemisphere-integrated brightness.\n" }, { "id": "7d8224cc-59a1-48a1-a117-c5afa68e32d9", "adv_source_id": "7d8224cc-59a1-48a1-a117-c5afa68e32d9", "source_id": "7d8224cc-59a1-48a1-a117-c5afa68e32d9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Decoherence in Weakly Coupled Excitonic Complexes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Equations of motion for weakly coupled excitonic complexes are derived. The\ndescription allows to treat the system in the basis of electronic states\nlocalized on individual chromophores, while at the same time accounting for\nexperimentally observable delocalization effects in optical spectra. The\nequations are show to be related to the well-known Foerster type energy\ntransfer rate equations, but unlike Foerster equations, they provide a\ndescription of the decoherence processes leading to suppression of the\nresonance coupling by bath fluctuations. Linear absorption and two-dimensional\nphoton echo correlation spectra are calculated for simple model systems in\nhomogeneous limit demonstrating distinct delocalization effect and reduction of\nthe resonance coupling due to interaction with the bath.\n" }, { "id": "7987bf6c-7992-4ef2-969f-badddb77e2e8", "adv_source_id": "7987bf6c-7992-4ef2-969f-badddb77e2e8", "source_id": "7987bf6c-7992-4ef2-969f-badddb77e2e8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inflationary Constraints on Type IIA String Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove that inflation is forbidden in the most well understood class of\nsemi-realistic type IIA string compactifications: Calabi-Yau compactifications\nwith only standard NS-NS 3-form flux, R-R fluxes, D6-branes and O6-planes at\nlarge volume and small string coupling. With these ingredients, the first\nslow-roll parameter satisfies epsilon >= 27/13 whenever V > 0, ruling out both\ninflation (including brane/anti-brane inflation) and de Sitter vacua in this\nlimit. Our proof is based on the dependence of the 4-dimensional potential on\nthe volume and dilaton moduli in the presence of fluxes and branes. We also\ndescribe broader classes of IIA models which may include cosmologies with\ninflation and/or de Sitter vacua. The inclusion of extra ingredients, such as\nNS 5-branes and geometric or non-geometric NS-NS fluxes, evades the assumptions\nused in deriving the no-go theorem. We focus on NS 5-branes and outline how\nsuch ingredients may prove fruitful for cosmology, but we do not provide an\nexplicit model. We contrast the results of our IIA analysis with the rather\ndifferent situation in IIB.\n" }, { "id": "90e7573b-a3f2-487d-b5f1-6d97b941b9bd", "adv_source_id": "90e7573b-a3f2-487d-b5f1-6d97b941b9bd", "source_id": "90e7573b-a3f2-487d-b5f1-6d97b941b9bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Are there basic physical constraints on future anthropogenic emissions\n of carbon dioxide?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Global Climate Models (GCMs) provide forecasts of future climate warming\nusing a wide variety of highly sophisticated anthropogenic CO2 emissions models\nas input, each based on the evolution of four emissions \"drivers\": population\np, standard of living g, energy productivity (or efficiency) f and energy\ncarbonization c. The range of scenarios considered is extremely broad, however,\nand this is a primary source of forecast uncertainty. Here, it is shown both\ntheoretically and observationally how the evolution of the human system can be\nconsidered from a surprisingly simple thermodynamic perspective in which it is\nunnecessary to explicitly model two of the emissions drivers: population and\nstandard of living. Specifically, the human system grows through a\nself-perpetuating feedback loop in which the consumption rate of primary energy\nresources stays tied to the historical accumulation of global economic\nproduction - or p times g - through a time-independent factor of 9.7 +/- 0.3\nmilliwatts per inflation-adjusted 1990 US dollar. This important constraint,\nand the fact that f and c have historically varied rather slowly, points\ntowards substantially narrowed visions of future emissions scenarios for\nimplementation in GCMs.\n" }, { "id": "fa2013ae-a66b-443d-b3fb-9be80bd0b401", "adv_source_id": "fa2013ae-a66b-443d-b3fb-9be80bd0b401", "source_id": "fa2013ae-a66b-443d-b3fb-9be80bd0b401", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Quantum Chromodynamics of a Massive Vector Field in the Adjoint\n Representation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we explore the possibility of constructing the quantum\nchromodynamics of a massive color-octet vector field without introducing higher\nstructures like extended gauge symmetries, extra dimensions or scalar fields.\nWe show that gauge invariance is not enough to constraint the couplings.\nNevertheless the requirement of unitarity fixes the values of the coupling\nconstants, which otherwise would be arbitrary. Additionally, it opens a new\ndiscrete symmetry which makes the coloron stable and avoid its resonant\nproduction at a collider. On the other hand, a judicious definition of the\ngauge fixing terms modifies the propagator of the massive field making it\nwell-behaved in the ultra-violet limit. The relation between our model and the\nmore general approach based on extended gauge symmetries is also discussed.\n" }, { "id": "de3c47dd-c391-4be0-813d-2b7c91557679", "adv_source_id": "de3c47dd-c391-4be0-813d-2b7c91557679", "source_id": "de3c47dd-c391-4be0-813d-2b7c91557679", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pfaffian structures and certain solutions to BKP hierarchies I. Sums\n over partitions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a useful and rather simple class of BKP tau functions which\nwhich we shall call \"easy tau functions\". We consider two versions of BKP\nhierarchy, one we will call \"small BKP hierarchy\" (sBKP) related to $O(\\infty)$\nintroduced in Date et al and \"large BKP hierarchy\" (lBKP) related to $O(2\\infty\n+1)$ introduced in Kac and van de Leur (which is closely related to the large\n$O(2\\infty)$ DKP hierarchy (lDKP) introduced in Jimbo and Miwa). Actually \"easy\ntau functions\" of the sBKP hierarchy were already considered in Harnad et al,\nhere we are more interested in the lBKP case and also the mixed small-large BKP\ntau functions (Kac and van de Leur). Tau functions under consideration are\nequal to certain sums over partitions and to certain multi-integrals over cone\ndomains. In this way they may be applicable in models of random partitions and\nmodels of random matrices. Here is the first part of the paper where sums of\nSchur and projective Schur functions over partitions are considered.\n" }, { "id": "31d62652-711d-4600-a0e4-26b4a95360c1", "adv_source_id": "31d62652-711d-4600-a0e4-26b4a95360c1", "source_id": "31d62652-711d-4600-a0e4-26b4a95360c1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Cauchy Problem for a Forced Harmonic Oscillator", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct an explicit solution of the Cauchy initial value problem for the\none-dimensional Schroedinger equation with a time-dependent Hamiltonian\noperator for the forced harmonic oscillator. The corresponding Green function\n(propagator) is derived with the help of the generalized Fourier transform and\na relation with representations of the Heisenberg-Weyl group N(3) in a certain\nspecial case first, and then is extended to the general case. A three parameter\nextension of the classical Fourier integral is discussed as a by-product.\nMotion of a particle with a spin in uniform perpendicular magnetic and electric\nfields is considered as an application; a transition amplitude between Landau\nlevels is evaluated in terms of Charlier polynomials. In addition, we also\nsolve an initial value problem to a similar diffusion-type equation.\n" }, { "id": "77ce274a-8c89-470d-b735-746ced5809a9", "adv_source_id": "77ce274a-8c89-470d-b735-746ced5809a9", "source_id": "77ce274a-8c89-470d-b735-746ced5809a9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitational Electric-Magnetic Duality, Gauge Invariance and Twisted\n Self-Duality", "prompt": null, "generation": " The concept of electric-magnetic duality can be extended to linearized\ngravity. It has indeed been established that in four dimensions, the\nPauli-Fierz action (quadratic part of the Einstein-Hilbert action) can be cast\nin a form that is manifestly invariant under duality rotations in the internal\n2-plane of the spacetime curvature and its dual. In order to achieve this\nmanifestly duality-invariant form, it is necessary to introduce two\n\"prepotentials\", which form a duality multiplet. These prepotentials enjoy\ninteresting gauge invariance symmetries, which are, for each, linearized\ndiffeomorphisms and linearized Weyl rescalings. The purpose of this note is\ntwofold: (i) To rewrite the manifestly-duality invariant action obtained in\nprevious work in a way that makes its gauge invariances also manifest. (ii) To\nexplicitly show that the equations of motion derived from that action can be\ninterpreted as twisted self-duality conditions on the curvature tensors of the\ntwo metrics obtained from the two prepotentials.\n" }, { "id": "a02d5971-665c-4e9b-a8a4-a76cf4eb89c2", "adv_source_id": "a02d5971-665c-4e9b-a8a4-a76cf4eb89c2", "source_id": "a02d5971-665c-4e9b-a8a4-a76cf4eb89c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics of Annihilation II: Fluctuations of Global Quantities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a theory for fluctuations and correlations in a gas evolving under\nballistic annihilation dynamics. Starting from the hierarchy of equations\ngoverning the evolution of microscopic densities in phase space, we\nsubsequently restrict to a regime of spatial homogeneity, and obtain explicit\npredictions for the fluctuations and time correlation of the total number of\nparticles, total linear momentum and total kinetic energy. Cross-correlations\nbetween these quantities are worked out as well. These predictions are\nsuccessfully tested against Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo simulations.\nThis provides strong support for the theoretical approach developed, including\nthe hydrodynamic treatment of the spectrum of the linearized Boltzmann\noperator. This article is a companion paper to arXiv:0801.2299 and makes use of\nthe spectral analysis reported there.\n" }, { "id": "65c40fee-0d68-4413-8ea4-28a9a44a4c45", "adv_source_id": "65c40fee-0d68-4413-8ea4-28a9a44a4c45", "source_id": "65c40fee-0d68-4413-8ea4-28a9a44a4c45", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fractional Chern Insulators in Topological Flat bands with Higher Chern\n Number", "prompt": null, "generation": " Lattice models forming bands with higher Chern number offer an intriguing\npossibility for new phases of matter with no analogue in continuum Landau\nlevels. Here, we establish the existence of a number of new bulk insulating\nstates at fractional filling in flat bands with Chern number $C=N>1$, forming\nin a recently proposed pyrochlore model with strong spin-orbit coupling. In\nparticular, we find compelling evidence for a series of stable states at\n$\\nu=1/(2N+1)$ for fermions as well as bosonic states at $\\nu=1/(N+1)$. By\nexamining the topological ground state degeneracies and the excitation\nstructure as well as the entanglement spectrum, we conclude that these states\nare Abelian. We also explicitly demonstrate that these states are nevertheless\nqualitatively different from conventional quantum Hall (multilayer) states due\nto the novel properties of the underlying band structure.\n" }, { "id": "cc303b9a-e3e3-4aee-8d09-59eef0f6b37a", "adv_source_id": "cc303b9a-e3e3-4aee-8d09-59eef0f6b37a", "source_id": "cc303b9a-e3e3-4aee-8d09-59eef0f6b37a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Adiabatic Solution to the Polonyi/Moduli Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the solutions to the cosmological Polonyi problem is to introduce a\nlarge coupling between the Polonyi field and the inflaton so that the Polonyi\nfield adiabatically tracks the temporal minimum of the potential. We study\ngeneral conditions for the adiabatic suppression mechanism to work, and find\nthat a non-negligible amount of the Polonyi field is induced in the form of\ncoherent oscillations at the end of inflation. In the case of low reheating\ntemperature, this contribution is so small that it does not cause cosmological\nproblems. On the other hand, this contribution may be significant for a\nrelatively high reheating temperature and we still need some amount of tuning\nin order to avoid the Polonyi problem. We also point out that Polonyi particles\nproduced from thermal plasma pose a severe constraint on the reheating\ntemperature. Furthermore, we extend the original framework to include enhanced\ncouplings of the Polonyi field with the visible particles as well as with\nitself, and derive upper bounds on the reheating temperature after inflation.\nWe also investigate the adiabatic solution to the cosmological moduli problem\nin gauge and anomaly mediation.\n" }, { "id": "d8a91789-7437-45b3-a09a-721ee5bdde75", "adv_source_id": "d8a91789-7437-45b3-a09a-721ee5bdde75", "source_id": "d8a91789-7437-45b3-a09a-721ee5bdde75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Morphological Studies of the PWN Candidate HESS J1809-193", "prompt": null, "generation": " The source HESS J1809-193 was discovered in 2006 in data of the Galactic\nPlane survey, followed by several re-observations. It shows a hard gamma-ray\nspectrum and the emission is clearly extended. Its vicinity to PSR J1809-1917,\na high spin-down luminosity pulsar powerful enough to drive the observed\ngamma-ray emission, makes it a plausible candidate for a TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula\n(PWN). On the other hand, in this region of the sky a number of faint,\nradio-emitting supernova remnants can be found, making a firm conclusion on the\nsource type difficult.\n Here we present a detailed morphological study of recent H.E.S.S. data and\ncompare the result with X-ray measurements taken with Chandra and radio data.\nThe association with a PWN is likely, but contributions from supernova remnants\ncannot be ruled out.\n" }, { "id": "5f4ffee8-8dac-413c-82db-c2b48f1e7529", "adv_source_id": "5f4ffee8-8dac-413c-82db-c2b48f1e7529", "source_id": "5f4ffee8-8dac-413c-82db-c2b48f1e7529", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Delta I = 3/2, K to Pi Pi Decays with a Nearly Physical Pion Mass", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Delta I = 3/2 K to Pi Pi decay amplitude is calculated on RBC/UKQCD 32^3\nx 64, L_s=32 dynamical lattices with 2+1 flavors of domain wall fermions using\nthe DSDR and Iwasaki gauge action. The calculation is performed with a single\npion mass (m_pi=141.9(2.3) MeV, partially quenched) and kaon mass\n(m_K=507.4(8.5) MeV) which are nearly physical, and with nearly energy\nconserving kinematics. Antiperiodic boundary conditions in two spatial\ndirections are used to give the two pions non-zero ground state momentum.\nResults for time separations of 20, 24, 28 and 32 between the kaon and two-pion\nsources are computed and an error weighted average is performed to reduce the\nerror. We find prelimenary results for Re(A_2)=1.396(081)_stat(160)_sys x\n10^(-8) GeV and Im(A_2) = -8.46(45)_stat(1.95)_sys x 10^(-13) GeV.\n" }, { "id": "377b96e8-4b48-4afb-a104-9e85083de239", "adv_source_id": "377b96e8-4b48-4afb-a104-9e85083de239", "source_id": "377b96e8-4b48-4afb-a104-9e85083de239", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "When an abelian category with a tilting object is equivalent to a module\n category", "prompt": null, "generation": " An abelian category with arbitrary coproducts and a small projective\ngenerator is equivalent to a module category \\cite{Mit}. A tilting object in a\nabelian category is a natural generalization of a small projective generator.\nMoreover, any abelian category with a tilting object admits arbitrary\ncoproducts \\cite{CGM}. It naturally arises the question when an abelian\ncategory with a tilting object is equivalent to a module category. By\n\\cite{CGM} the problem simplifies in understanding when, given an associative\nring $R$ and a faithful torsion pair $(\\X,\\Y)$ in the category of right\n$R$-modules, the \\emph{heart of the $t$-structure} $\\H(\\X,\\Y)$ associated to\n$(\\X,\\Y)$ is equivalent to a category of modules. In this paper we give a\ncomplete answer to this question, proving necessary and sufficient condition on\n$(\\X,\\Y)$ for $\\H(\\X,\\Y)$ to be equivalent to a module category. We analyze in\ndetail the case when $R$ is right artinian.\n" }, { "id": "9b275e05-bac3-43f5-94f4-afcd7ebed665", "adv_source_id": "9b275e05-bac3-43f5-94f4-afcd7ebed665", "source_id": "9b275e05-bac3-43f5-94f4-afcd7ebed665", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Flare in the Jet of Pictor A", "prompt": null, "generation": " A Chandra X-ray imaging observation of the jet in Pictor A showed a feature\nthat appears to be a flare that faded between 2000 and 2002. The feature was\nnot detected in a follow-up observation in 2009. The jet itself is over 150 kpc\nlong and a kpc wide, so finding year-long variability is surprising. Assuming a\nsynchrotron origin of the observed high-energy photons and a minimum energy\ncondition for the outflow, the synchrotron loss time of the X-ray emitting\nelectrons is of order 1200 yr, which is much longer than the observed\nvariability timescale. This leads to the possibility that the variable X-ray\nemission arises from a very small sub-volume of the jet, characterized by\nmagnetic field that is substantially larger than the average over the jet.\n" }, { "id": "c5c56c33-edf9-4bb1-892c-819bca53d705", "adv_source_id": "c5c56c33-edf9-4bb1-892c-819bca53d705", "source_id": "c5c56c33-edf9-4bb1-892c-819bca53d705", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Instability of brane cosmological solutions with flux compactifications", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss the stability of the higher-dimensional de Sitter (dS) brane\nsolutions with two-dimensional internal space in the Einstein-Maxwel theory. We\nshow that an instability appears in the scalar-type perturbations with respect\nto the dS spacetime. We derive a differential relation which has the very\nsimilar structure to the ordinary laws of thermodynamics as an extension of the\nwork for the six-dimensional model [20]. In this relation, the area of dS\nhorizon (integrated over the two internal dimensions) exactly behaves as the\nthermodynamical entropy. The dynamically unstable solutions are in the\nthermodynamically unstable branch. An unstable dS compactification either\nevolves toward a stable configuration or two-dimensional internal space is\ndecompactified. These dS brane solutions are equivalent to the accelerating\ncosmological solutions in the six-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory\nvia dimensional reduction. Thus, if the seed higher-dimensional solution is\nunstable, the corresponding six-dimensional solution is also unstable. From the\neffective four-dimensional point of view, a cosmological evolution from an\nunstable cosmological solution in higher dimensions may be seen as a process of\nthe transition from the initial cosmological inflation to the current dark\nenergy dominated Universe.\n" }, { "id": "0c35f956-4391-4cb2-a3d5-5401495a8334", "adv_source_id": "0c35f956-4391-4cb2-a3d5-5401495a8334", "source_id": "0c35f956-4391-4cb2-a3d5-5401495a8334", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ordinal Compactness", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a new covering property, defined in terms of order types of\nsequences of open sets, rather than in terms of cardinalities of families. The\nmost general form of this compactness notion depends on two ordinal parameters.\nIn the particular case when the parameters are cardinal numbers, we get back a\nclassical notion.\n Generalized to ordinal numbers, this notion turns out to behave in a much\nmore varied way.\n We present many examples of spaces satisfying the very same cardinal\ncompactness properties, but with a broad range of distinct behaviors, with\nrespect to ordinal compactness. A much more refined theory is obtained for\n$T_1$ spaces, in comparison with arbitrary topological spaces. The notion of\nordinal compactness becomes partly trivial for spaces of small cardinality.\n" }, { "id": "074bb7bb-b91a-4048-a539-ca467ef08520", "adv_source_id": "074bb7bb-b91a-4048-a539-ca467ef08520", "source_id": "074bb7bb-b91a-4048-a539-ca467ef08520", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "K 1-6: an asymmetric planetary nebula with a binary central star", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present new imaging data and archival multiwavelength observations of the\nlittle studied emission nebula K 1-6 and its central star. Narrow-band images\nin H-alpha (+ [NII]) and [OIII] taken with the Faulkes Telescope North reveal a\nstratified, asymmetric, elliptical nebula surrounding a central star which has\nthe colours of a late G- or early K-type subgiant or giant. GALEX ultraviolet\nimages reveal a very hot subdwarf or white dwarf coincident in position with\nthis star. The cooler, optically dominant star is strongly variable with a\nperiod of 21.312 +/- 0.008 days, and is possibly a high amplitude member of the\nRS CVn class, although an FK Com classification is also possible. Archival\nROSAT data provide good evidence that the cool star has an active corona. We\nconclude that K 1-6 is most likely an old bona fide planetary nebula at a\ndistance of ~1.0 kpc, interacting with the interstellar medium, and containing\na binary or ternary central star. The observations and data analyses reported\nin this paper were conducted in conjunction with Year 11 high school students\nas part of an Australian Research Council Linkage Grant science education\nproject, denoted Space To Grow, conducted jointly by professional astronomers,\neducational researchers, teachers, and high-school students.\n" }, { "id": "141268bb-85b1-48d2-8e5b-2689d32c29f4", "adv_source_id": "141268bb-85b1-48d2-8e5b-2689d32c29f4", "source_id": "141268bb-85b1-48d2-8e5b-2689d32c29f4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Breaking Generator Symmetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " Dealing with large numbers of symmetries is often problematic. One solution\nis to focus on just symmetries that generate the symmetry group. Whilst there\nare special cases where breaking just the symmetries in a generating set is\ncomplete, there are also cases where no irredundant generating set eliminates\nall symmetry. However, focusing on just generators improves tractability. We\nprove that it is polynomial in the size of the generating set to eliminate all\nsymmetric solutions, but NP-hard to prune all symmetric values. Our proof\nconsiders row and column symmetry, a common type of symmetry in matrix models\nwhere breaking just generator symmetries is very effective. We show that\npropagating a conjunction of lexicographical ordering constraints on the rows\nand columns of a matrix of decision variables is NP-hard.\n" }, { "id": "a8c126fe-0eae-4905-8369-fa0a8237cac1", "adv_source_id": "a8c126fe-0eae-4905-8369-fa0a8237cac1", "source_id": "a8c126fe-0eae-4905-8369-fa0a8237cac1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Remarks on the \"non-canonicity puzzle\": Lagrangian symmetries of the\n Einstein-Hilbert action", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given the non-canonical relationship between variables used in the\nHamiltonian formulations of the Einstein-Hilbert action (due to Pirani, Schild,\nSkinner (PSS) and Dirac) and the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) action, and the\nconsequent difference in the gauge transformations generated by the first-class\nconstraints of these two formulations, the assumption that the Lagrangians from\nwhich they were derived are equivalent leads to an apparent contradiction that\nhas been called \"the non-canonicity puzzle\". In this work we shall investigate\nthe group properties of two symmetries derived for the Einstein-Hilbert action:\ndiffeomorphism, which follows from the PSS and Dirac formulations, and the one\nthat arises from the ADM formulation. We demonstrate that unlike the\ndiffeomorphism transformations, the ADM transformations (as well as others,\nwhich can be constructed for the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian using Noether's\nidentities) do not form a group. This makes diffeomorphism transformations\nunique (the term \"canonical\" symmetry might be suggested). If the two\nLagrangians are to be called equivalent, canonical symmetry must be preserved.\nThe interplay between general covariance and the canonicity of the variables\nused is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "66482d19-9ca0-4169-ba2f-87614f0c1648", "adv_source_id": "66482d19-9ca0-4169-ba2f-87614f0c1648", "source_id": "66482d19-9ca0-4169-ba2f-87614f0c1648", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Markov processes of infinitely many nonintersecting random walks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider an N-dimensional Markov chain obtained from N one-dimensional random\nwalks by Doob h-transform with the q-Vandermonde determinant. We prove that as\nN becomes large, these Markov chains converge to an infinite-dimensional Feller\nMarkov process. The dynamical correlation functions of the limit process are\ndeterminantal with an explicit correlation kernel. The key idea is to identify\nrandom point processes on Z with q-Gibbs measures on Gelfand-Tsetlin schemes\nand construct Markov processes on the latter space. Independently, we analyze\nthe large time behavior of PushASEP with finitely many particles and\nparticle-dependent jump rates (it arises as a marginal of our dynamics on\nGelfand-Tsetlin schemes). The asymptotics is given by a product of a marginal\nof the GUE-minor process and geometric distributions.\n" }, { "id": "334d13ed-8d04-456e-b490-95fe73d185ce", "adv_source_id": "334d13ed-8d04-456e-b490-95fe73d185ce", "source_id": "334d13ed-8d04-456e-b490-95fe73d185ce", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermal Expansion of Germanium Isotopes at Low Temperature", "prompt": null, "generation": " The focus of this paper is the vanishing of the thermal expansion in certain\ndiamond-like semiconductors. In silicon becomes zero at T = 122. K. In\ngermanium the situation is less clear. Previous investigations show that in\nnatural germanium a zero in is reported at 15.5 K and that a second zero for T\n> 30 K is not observed. This paper reports on data taken on four monoisotopic\nGe crystals. All plots of lattice parameter vs temperature shows a minimum\nbetween 40 and 50 K. The minimum is very deep for 70Ge, which also shows\nanomalous behaviour for the thermal expansion alpha. The data are discussed\nwith ab initio theoretical results obtained by Debernardi and Cardona. Some\ndata do not support the Virtual Crystal Approximation.\n" }, { "id": "1c894e52-ce0d-4ba2-832b-7557fd19eaee", "adv_source_id": "1c894e52-ce0d-4ba2-832b-7557fd19eaee", "source_id": "1c894e52-ce0d-4ba2-832b-7557fd19eaee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Limits on the luminosity function of Ly-alpha emitters at z = 7.7", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Ly-alpha luminosity function (LF) of high-redshift Ly-alpha emitters\n(LAEs) is one of the few observables of the re-ionization epoch accessible to\ndate with 8-10 m class telescopes. The evolution with redshift allows one to\nconstrain the evolution of LAEs and their role in re-ionizing the Universe at\nthe end of the Dark Ages.\n We have performed a narrow-band imaging program at 1.06 microns at the CFHT,\ntargeting Ly-alpha emitters at redshift z ~ 7.7 in the CFHT-LS D1 field. From\nthese observations we have derived a photometric sample of 7 LAE candidates at\nz ~ 7.7.\n We derive luminosity functions for the full sample of seven objects and for\nsub-samples of four objects. If the brightest objects in our sample are real,\nwe infer a luminosity function which would be difficult to reconcile with\nprevious work at lower redshift. More definitive conclusions will require\nspectroscopic confirmation.\n" }, { "id": "c91ef6bd-c7ed-4deb-89de-fd4b54b97f76", "adv_source_id": "c91ef6bd-c7ed-4deb-89de-fd4b54b97f76", "source_id": "c91ef6bd-c7ed-4deb-89de-fd4b54b97f76", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electric dipole-forbidden nuclear transitions driven by super-intense\n laser fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " Electric dipole-forbidden transitions of nuclei interacting with\nsuper-intense laser fields are investigated considering stable isotopes with\nsuitable low-lying first excited states. Different classes of transitions are\nidentified, and all magnetic sublevels corresponding to the near-resonantly\ndriven nuclear transition are included in the description of the nuclear\nquantum system. We find that large transition matrix elements and convenient\nresonance energies qualify nuclear M1 transitions as good candidates for the\ncoherent driving of nuclei. We discuss the implications of resonant interaction\nof intense laser fields with nuclei beyond the dipole approximation for the\ncontrolled preparation of excited nuclear states and important aspects of\npossible experiments aimed at observing these effects.\n" }, { "id": "97166b2a-6578-49a3-bb27-09e07d07acb8", "adv_source_id": "97166b2a-6578-49a3-bb27-09e07d07acb8", "source_id": "97166b2a-6578-49a3-bb27-09e07d07acb8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Numerical reconstruction of the covariance matrix of a spherically\n truncated multinormal distribution", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we relate the matrix $S_B$ of the second moments of a\nspherically truncated normal multivariate to its full covariance matrix\n$\\Sigma$ and present an algorithm to invert the relation and reconstruct\n$\\Sigma$ from $S_B$. While the eigenvectors of $\\Sigma$ are left invariant by\nthe truncation, its eigenvalues are non-uniformly damped. We show that the\neigenvalues of $\\Sigma$ can be reconstructed from their truncated counterparts\nvia a fixed point iteration, whose convergence we prove analytically. The\nprocedure requires the computation of multidimensional Gaussian integrals over\na Euclidean ball, for which we extend a numerical technique, originally\nproposed by Ruben in 1962, based on a series expansion in chi-square\ndistributions. In order to study the feasibility of our approach, we examine\nthe convergence rate of some iterative schemes on suitably chosen ensembles of\nWishart matrices. We finally discuss the practical difficulties arising in\nsample space and outline a regularization of the problem based on perturbation\ntheory.\n" }, { "id": "662c2907-f1e3-4243-b956-7db9f0891925", "adv_source_id": "662c2907-f1e3-4243-b956-7db9f0891925", "source_id": "662c2907-f1e3-4243-b956-7db9f0891925", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mesoscopic model for the fluctuating hydrodynamics of binary and ternary\n mixtures", "prompt": null, "generation": " A recently introduced particle-based model for fluid dynamics with continuous\nvelocities is generalized to model immiscible binary mixtures. Excluded volume\ninteractions between the two components are modeled by stochastic multiparticle\ncollisions which depend on the local velocities and densities. Momentum and\nenergy are conserved locally, and entropically driven phase separation occurs\nfor high collision rates. An explicit expression for the equation of state is\nderived, and the concentration dependence of the bulk free energy is shown to\nbe the same as that of the Widom-Rowlinson model. Analytic results for the\nphase diagram are in excellent agreement with simulation data. Results for the\nline tension obtained from the analysis of the capillary wave spectrum of a\ndroplet agree with measurements based on the Laplace's equation. The\nintroduction of \"amphiphilic\" dimers makes it possible to model the phase\nbehavior and dynamics of ternary surfactant mixtures.\n" }, { "id": "65f949fb-46a2-4eb8-ac58-51c4d00ece30", "adv_source_id": "65f949fb-46a2-4eb8-ac58-51c4d00ece30", "source_id": "65f949fb-46a2-4eb8-ac58-51c4d00ece30", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Explosive synchronization transitions in complex neural network", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has been recently reported that explosive synchronization transitions can\ntake place in networks of phase oscillators [G\\'omez-Garde\\~nes \\emph{et al.}\nPhys.Rev.Letts. 106, 128701 (2011)] and chaotic oscillators [Leyva \\emph{et\nal.} Phys.Rev.Letts. 108, 168702 (2012)]. Here, we investigate the effect of a\nmicroscopic correlation between the dynamics and the interacting topology of\ncoupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators on phase synchronization transition in\nBarab\\'asi-Albert (BA) scale-free networks and Erd\\\"os-R\\'enyi (ER) random\nnetworks. We show that, if the width of distribution of natural frequencies of\nthe oscillations is larger than a threshold value, a strong hysteresis loop\narises in the synchronization diagram of BA networks due to the positive\ncorrelation between node degrees and natural frequencies of the oscillations,\nindicating the evidence of an explosive transition towards synchronization of\nrelaxation oscillators system. In contrast to the results in BA networks, in\nmore homogeneous ER networks the synchronization transition is always of\ncontinuous type regardless of the the width of the frequency distribution.\nMoreover, we consider the effect of degree-mixing patterns on the nature of the\nsynchronization transition, and find that the degree assortativity is\nunfavorable for the occurrence of such an explosive transition.\n" }, { "id": "21b4cd60-bd53-4ad3-b880-db0fcd310941", "adv_source_id": "21b4cd60-bd53-4ad3-b880-db0fcd310941", "source_id": "21b4cd60-bd53-4ad3-b880-db0fcd310941", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Supra-oscillatory critical temperature dependence of Nb-Ho bilayers", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the critical temperature Tc of a thin s-wave superconductor\n(Nb) proximity coupled to a helical rare earth ferromagnet (Ho). As a function\nof the Ho layer thickness, we observe multiple oscillations of Tc superimposed\non a slow decay, that we attribute to the influence of the Ho on the Nb\nproximity effect. Because of Ho inhomogeneous magnetization, singlet and\ntriplet pair correlations are present in the bilayers. We take both into\nconsideration when solving the self consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations,\nand we observe a reasonable agreement. We also observe non-trivial transitions\ninto the superconducting state, the zero resistance state being attained after\ntwo successive transitions which appear to be associated with the magnetic\nstructure of Ho.\n" }, { "id": "150ec633-7dd2-44e6-b5fd-bdb965824a98", "adv_source_id": "150ec633-7dd2-44e6-b5fd-bdb965824a98", "source_id": "150ec633-7dd2-44e6-b5fd-bdb965824a98", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Flux Parameter Spaces in Type II Vacua", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the flux parameter spaces for semi-realistic supersymmetric\nPati-Salam models in the AdS vacua on Type IIA orientifold and realistic\nsupersymmetric Pati-Salam models in the Minkowski vacua on Type IIB\norientifold. Because the fluxes can be very large, we show explicitly that\nthere indeed exists a huge number of semi-realistic Type IIA and realistic Type\nIIB flux models. In the Type IIA flux models, in the very large flux limit, the\ntheory can become weakly coupled and the AdS vacua can approach to the\nMinkowski vacua. In a series of realistic Type IIB flux models, at the string\nscale, the gauge symmetry can be broken down to the Standard Model (SM) gauge\nsymmetry, the gauge coupling unification can be achieved naturally, all the\nextra chiral exotic particles can be decoupled, and the observed SM fermion\nmasses and mixings can be obtained as well. In particular, the real parts of\nthe dilaton, K\\\"ahler moduli, and the unified gauge coupling are independent of\nthe very large fluxes. The very large fluxes only affect the real and/or\nimaginary parts of the complex structure moduli, and/or the imaginary parts of\nthe dilaton and K\\\"ahler moduli. However, these semi-realistic Type IIA and\nrealistic Type IIB flux models can not be populated in the string landscape.\n" }, { "id": "cb5f4766-d6c2-46cd-a812-bb8561a9c29c", "adv_source_id": "cb5f4766-d6c2-46cd-a812-bb8561a9c29c", "source_id": "cb5f4766-d6c2-46cd-a812-bb8561a9c29c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coulomb gauge ghost propagator and the Coulomb potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ghost propagator and the Coulomb potential are evaluated in Coulomb gauge\non the lattice, using an improved gauge fixing scheme which includes the\nresidual symmetry. This setting has been shown to be essential in order to\nexplain the scaling violations in the instantaneous gluon propagator. We find\nthat both the ghost propagator and the Coulomb potential are insensitive to the\nGribov problem or the details of the residual gauge fixing, even if the Coulomb\npotential is evaluated from the A0--propagator instead of the Coulomb kernel.\nIn particular, no signs of scaling violations could be found in either\nquantity, at least to well below the numerical accuracy where these violations\nwere visible for the gluon propagator. The Coulomb potential from the\nA0-propagator is shown to be in qualitative agreement with the (formally\nequivalent) expression evaluated from the Coulomb kernel.\n" }, { "id": "db2bbb7b-27d0-4c48-9c35-fc2701a79be6", "adv_source_id": "db2bbb7b-27d0-4c48-9c35-fc2701a79be6", "source_id": "db2bbb7b-27d0-4c48-9c35-fc2701a79be6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Baryon-Size Dependent Location of QCD Critical Point", "prompt": null, "generation": " The physics regarding the existence of the critical end point (CEP) on the\nQCD phase boundary still remains unclear and its precise location is quite\nuncertain. In this paper we propose that the hard-core size of the baryons used\nin the description of the hot and dense hadron gas (HG) plays a decisive role\nin the existence of CEP. Here we construct a deconfining phase transition using\nGibbs' equilibrium conditions after using a quasiparticle equation of state\n(EOS) for QCD plasma and excluded-volume EOS for the HG. We find that the first\norder transition results only when we assign a hard-core size to each baryon in\nthe description of HG and the phase boundary thus obtained terminates at CEP\nbeyond which a cross-over region occurs. The mean field approach for the HG\nlends support to this finding where unless we include an excluded-volume effect\nin the approach, CEP does not materialize on the QCD boundary. This\ninvestigation provides an intuitive reasoning regarding the origin of CEP and\nthe cross-over transition on the QCD phase boundary.\n" }, { "id": "dfa04ce5-b8c7-4540-9c6d-4360b65778a3", "adv_source_id": "dfa04ce5-b8c7-4540-9c6d-4360b65778a3", "source_id": "dfa04ce5-b8c7-4540-9c6d-4360b65778a3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fate of non-Fermi liquid behavior in QED$_{3}$ at finite chemical\n potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " The damping rate of two-dimensional massless Dirac fermions exhibit non-Fermi\nliquid behavior, $\\propto \\epsilon^{1/2}$, due to gauge field at zero\ntemperature and zero chemical potential. We study the fate of this behavior at\nfinite chemical potential. We fist calculate explicitly the temporal and\nspatial components of vacuum polarization functions. The analytical expressions\nimply that the temporal component of gauge field develops a static screening\nlength at finite chemical potential while the transverse component remains\nlong-ranged owing to gauge invariance. We then calculate the fermion damping\nrate and show that the temporal gauge field leads to normal Fermi liquid\nbehavior but the transverse gauge field leads to non-Fermi liquid behavior\n$\\propto \\epsilon^{2/3}$ at zero temperature. This energy-dependence is more\nregular than $\\propto \\epsilon^{1/2}$ and does not change as chemical potential\nvaries.\n" }, { "id": "2583cce0-ff54-474d-b5a5-6c94cfa022b7", "adv_source_id": "2583cce0-ff54-474d-b5a5-6c94cfa022b7", "source_id": "2583cce0-ff54-474d-b5a5-6c94cfa022b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bandits with an Edge", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a bandit problem over a graph where the rewards are not directly\nobserved. Instead, the decision maker can compare two nodes and receive\n(stochastic) information pertaining to the difference in their value. The graph\nstructure describes the set of possible comparisons. Consequently, comparing\nbetween two nodes that are relatively far requires estimating the difference\nbetween every pair of nodes on the path between them. We analyze this problem\nfrom the perspective of sample complexity: How many queries are needed to find\nan approximately optimal node with probability more than $1-\\delta$ in the PAC\nsetup? We show that the topology of the graph plays a crucial in defining the\nsample complexity: graphs with a low diameter have a much better sample\ncomplexity.\n" }, { "id": "34c64c91-02f4-45dc-9900-00e860158f67", "adv_source_id": "34c64c91-02f4-45dc-9900-00e860158f67", "source_id": "34c64c91-02f4-45dc-9900-00e860158f67", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the massive young stellar object AFGL4176: High-spatial-resolution\n multi-wavelength observations and modeling", "prompt": null, "generation": " Deeply embedded and at distances of several kiloparsecs, massive young\nstellar objects (MYSOs) present numerous challenges for observation and study.\nIn this work, we present spatially-resolved observations of one MYSO, AFGL\n4176, together with survey and literature data, ranging from interferometric\nobservations with VLTI/MIDI in the mid-infrared, to single-dish Herschel\nmeasurements in the far-infrared, and sub-millimeter data from APEX. We\nconsider this spatially-resolved, multi-wavelength data set in terms of both\nradiative transfer and geometric models. We find that the observations are well\ndescribed by one-dimensional models overall, but there are also substantial\ndeviations from spherical symmetry at scales of tens to hundreds of\nastronomical units, which are revealed by the mid-infrared interferometric\nmeasurements. We use a multiple-component, geometric modeling approach to\nexplain the mid-infrared emission on scales of tens to hundreds of astronomical\nunits, and find the MIDI measurements are well described by a model consisting\nof a one-dimensional Gaussian halo and an inclined (\\theta=60 deg)\ncircumstellar disk extending out to several hundred astronomical units along a\nposition angle of 160 deg. Finally, we compare our results both with previous\nmodels of this source, and with those of other MYSOs, and discuss the present\nsituation with mid-infrared interferometric observations of massive stars.\n" }, { "id": "a29ca8e1-000b-4a7f-ad99-245a8c39c914", "adv_source_id": "a29ca8e1-000b-4a7f-ad99-245a8c39c914", "source_id": "a29ca8e1-000b-4a7f-ad99-245a8c39c914", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Classical stability of a homogeneous, anisotropic inflating space-time", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the classical stability of an anisotropic space-time seeded by a\nspacelike, fixed norm, dynamical vector field in a vacuum-energy-dominated\ninflationary era. It serves as a model for breaking isotropy during the\ninflationary era. We find that, for a range of parameters, the linear\ndifferential equations for small perturbations about the background do not have\na growing mode. We also examine the energy of fluctuations about this\nbackground in flat-space. If the kinetic terms for the vector field do not take\nthe form of a field strength tensor squared then there is a negative energy\nmode and the background is unstable. For the case where the kinetic term is of\nthe form of a field strength tensor squared we show that perturbations about\nthe background have positive energy at lowest order.\n" }, { "id": "502a4f28-afd8-42ce-bedf-1b7ed3291280", "adv_source_id": "502a4f28-afd8-42ce-bedf-1b7ed3291280", "source_id": "502a4f28-afd8-42ce-bedf-1b7ed3291280", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Classification based on a permanental process with cyclic approximation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a doubly stochastic marked point process model for supervised\nclassification problems. Regardless of the number of classes or the dimension\nof the feature space, the model requires only 2--3 parameters for the\ncovariance function. The classification criterion involves a permanental ratio\nfor which an approximation using a polynomial-time cyclic expansion is\nproposed. The approximation is effective even if the feature region occupied by\none class is a patchwork interlaced with regions occupied by other classes. An\napplication to DNA microarray analysis indicates that the cyclic approximation\nis effective even for high-dimensional data. It can employ feature variables in\nan efficient way to reduce the prediction error significantly. This is critical\nwhen the true classification relies on non-reducible high-dimensional features.\n" }, { "id": "7b740439-2f8b-421c-9d01-371cbd98202d", "adv_source_id": "7b740439-2f8b-421c-9d01-371cbd98202d", "source_id": "7b740439-2f8b-421c-9d01-371cbd98202d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Perspectives on Pfaffians of Heterotic World-sheet Instantons", "prompt": null, "generation": " To fix the bundle moduli of a heterotic compactification one has to\nunderstand the Pfaffian one-loop prefactor of the classical instanton\ncontribution. For compactifications on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau spaces X\nthis can be made explicit for spectral bundles and world-sheet instantons\nsupported on rational base curves b: one can express the Pfaffian in a closed\nalgebraic form as a polynomial, or it may be understood as a theta-function\nexpression. We elucidate the connection between these two points of view via\nthe respective perception of the relevant spectral curve, related to its\nextrinsic geometry in the ambient space (the elliptic surface in X over b) or\nto its intrinsic geometry as abstract Riemann surface. We identify, within a\nconceptual description, general vanishing loci of the Pfaffian, and derive\nbounds on the vanishing order, relevant to solutions of W=dW=0.\n" }, { "id": "b6c8cbbb-e185-4c11-a06a-4dcf441831e2", "adv_source_id": "b6c8cbbb-e185-4c11-a06a-4dcf441831e2", "source_id": "b6c8cbbb-e185-4c11-a06a-4dcf441831e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of the helix structure of QCD string", "prompt": null, "generation": " The properties of a helix-like shaped QCD string are studied in the context\nof the Lund fragmentation model, where the concept of a 3-dimensional structure\nof the gluon field offers an alternative aproach to the modelling of the\ntransverse momentum of hadrons.\n The paper is focused on the phenomenology of the model, which introduces\ncorrelations between transverse and longitudinal components of hadrons, as well\nas azimuthal ordering of hadrons along the string. The similarities between\n2-particle correlations stemming from the helix-string structure and those\ncommonly attributed to the Bose-Einstein interference are pointed out. It is\nshown that the charged assymetry observed in the production of close hadron\npairs can be associated with fluctuations in the space-time history of the\nstring breakup, and with the presence of resonant hadronic states.\n" }, { "id": "8f5dabeb-7f00-4fe7-8e2d-d7db749e5537", "adv_source_id": "8f5dabeb-7f00-4fe7-8e2d-d7db749e5537", "source_id": "8f5dabeb-7f00-4fe7-8e2d-d7db749e5537", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The plasma boundary in Single Helical Axis RFP plasmas", "prompt": null, "generation": " Single Helical Axis (SHAx) states obtained in high current reversed field\npinch (RFP) plasmas display, aside from a dominant mode in the m=1 spectrum,\nalso a dominant m=0 mode, with the same toroidal mode number as the m=1 one.\nThe two modes have a fixed phase relationship. The island chain created by the\nm=0 mode across the reversal surface gives rise, at shallow reversal of the\ntoroidal field, to an X-point structure which separates the last closed flux\nsurface from the first wall, creating a divertor-like configuration. The\nplasma-wall interaction is found to be related to the connection length of the\nfield lines intercepting the wall, which displays a pattern modulated by the\ndominant mode toroidal periodicity. This configuration, which occurs only for\nshallow toroidal field reversal, could be exploited to realize an island\ndivertor in analogy to stellarators.\n" }, { "id": "57143a60-483f-4c6c-b911-c9c2242d5829", "adv_source_id": "57143a60-483f-4c6c-b911-c9c2242d5829", "source_id": "57143a60-483f-4c6c-b911-c9c2242d5829", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic structure of V2O3: Wannier orbitals from LDA-$N$MTO\n calculations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using muffin-tin orbital (MTO) based NMTO-downfolding procedure within the\nframework of local density approximation, we construct the Wannier orbitals for\nthe $t_{2g}$ manifold of bands in V2O3 in the paramagnetic phase. The real\nspace representation of the one-electron Hamiltonian in the constructed Wannier\nfunction basis shows that, contrary to the popular belief, the in-plane hopping\ninteractions are as important as the vertical pair hopping. Following the\nlanguage of Di Matteo {\\it et.al.} [Phys. Rev. B 65, 054413 (2002)], this\nimplies, the problem of V2O3 falls in the atomic regime rather than in the\nmolecular regime. We have also repeated our construction procedure in the low\ntemperature monoclinic phase, for which the changes in hopping interactions are\nfound not to be dramatic.\n" }, { "id": "ae88dd35-dee2-43e4-8f53-32d5d6883b6c", "adv_source_id": "ae88dd35-dee2-43e4-8f53-32d5d6883b6c", "source_id": "ae88dd35-dee2-43e4-8f53-32d5d6883b6c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "What Solar Oscillation Tell us About the Solar Minimum", "prompt": null, "generation": " The availability of continuous helioseismic data for two consecutive solar\nminima has provided a unique opportunity to study the changes in the solar\ninterior that might have led to this unusual minimum. We present preliminary\nanalysis of inter mediate-degree mode frequencies in the 3 mHz band during the\ncurrent period of minimal solar activity and show that the mode frequencies are\nsignificantly lower than those during the previous activity minimum. Our\nanalysis do not show any signature of the beginning of cycle 24 till the end of\n2008. In addition, the zonal and meridional flow patterns inferred from\ninverting frequencies also hint for a delayed onset of a new cycle. The\nestimates of travel time are higher than the previous minimum confirming a\nrelatively weak solar activity during the current minimum.\n" }, { "id": "22dbe400-f243-483f-8329-a4b559f56ac0", "adv_source_id": "22dbe400-f243-483f-8329-a4b559f56ac0", "source_id": "22dbe400-f243-483f-8329-a4b559f56ac0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Understanding mixing efficiency in the oceans: Do the nonlinearities of\n the equation of state matter?", "prompt": null, "generation": " There exist two central measures of turbulent mixing in turbulent stratified\nfluids, both caused by molecular diffusion: 1) the dissipation rate D(APE) of\navailable potential energy (APE); 2) the turbulent rate of change Wr,turbulent\nof background potential energy GPEr. So far, these two quantities have often\nbeen regarded as the same energy conversion, namely the irreversible conversion\nof APE into GPEr, owing to D(APE)=Wr,turbulent holding exactly for a Boussinesq\nfluid with a linear equation of state. It was recently pointed out, however,\nthat this equality no longer holds for a thermally-stratified compressible\nfluid, the ratio \\xi=Wr,turbulent/D(APE) being then lower than unity and\nsometimes even negative for water/seawater. In this paper, the behavior of the\nratio \\xi is examined for different stratifications having the same buoyancy\nfrequency N(z), but different vertical profiles of the parameter \\Upsilon =\n\\alpha P/(\\rho C_p), where \\alpha is the thermal expansion, P the hydrostatic\npressure, \\rho the density, and C_p the isobaric specific heat capacity, the\nequation of state considered being that for seawater for different particular\nconstant values of salinity. It is found that \\xi and Wr,turbulent depend\ncritically on the sign and magnitude of d\\Upsilon/dz, in contrast with D(APE),\nwhich appears largely unaffected by the latter. These results have important\nconsequences for how the mixing efficiency should be defined and measured.\n" }, { "id": "24b98fc9-16f8-478e-b8f5-2a80554d9ac0", "adv_source_id": "24b98fc9-16f8-478e-b8f5-2a80554d9ac0", "source_id": "24b98fc9-16f8-478e-b8f5-2a80554d9ac0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Atoms in boxes: from confined atoms to electron-atom scattering", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that both confined atoms and electron-atom scattering can be\ndescribed by a unified basis set method. The central idea behind this method is\nto place the atom inside a hard potential sphere, enforced by a standard Slater\ntype basis set multiplied by a cutoff factor. For confined atoms, where the\nwall is placed close to the atomic nucleus, we show how the energy of the\nhighest occupied atomic orbital and the static polarizability of helium and\nneon atoms evolve with the confinement radius. To our knowledge, these are the\nfirst confined atom polarizability calculations that include correlation,\nthrough the use of time-dependent density-functional theory. By placing the\natom in a large spherical box, with a wall outside the electron density, we\nobtain scattering phase shifts using a recently developed method [M. van\nFaassen, A. Wasserman, E. Engel, F. Zhang, and K. Burke, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf\n99}, 043005 (2007)]. We show that the basis set method gives identical results\nto previously obtained phase shifts for $e$-H and $e$-He${}^{+}$ scattering.\n" }, { "id": "abc4f99a-03aa-4609-8365-bf67e9f8a061", "adv_source_id": "abc4f99a-03aa-4609-8365-bf67e9f8a061", "source_id": "abc4f99a-03aa-4609-8365-bf67e9f8a061", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constraining fundamental constants of physics with quasar absorption\n line systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We summarize the attempts by our group and others to derive constraints on\nvariations of fundamental constants over cosmic time using quasar absorption\nlines. Most upper limits reside in the range 0.5-1.5x10-5 at the 3sigma level\nover a redshift range of approximately 0.5-2.5 for the fine-structure constant,\nalpha, the proton-to-electron mass ratio, mu, and a combination of the proton\ngyromagnetic factor and the two previous constants, gp(alpha^2/mu)^nu, for only\none claimed variation of alpha. It is therefore very important to perform new\nmeasurements to improve the sensitivity of the numerous methods to at least\n<0.1x10-5 which should be possible in the next few years. Future\ninstrumentations on ELTs in the optical and/or ALMA, EVLA and SKA pathfinders\nin the radio will undoutedly boost this field by allowing to reach much better\nsignal-to-noise ratios at higher spectral resolution and to perform\nmeasurements on molecules in the ISM of high redshift galaxies.\n" }, { "id": "e49fc679-e0d9-4432-9175-1650c6c34699", "adv_source_id": "e49fc679-e0d9-4432-9175-1650c6c34699", "source_id": "e49fc679-e0d9-4432-9175-1650c6c34699", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multistage Adaptive Estimation of Sparse Signals", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper considers sequential adaptive estimation of sparse signals under a\nconstraint on the total sensing effort. The advantage of adaptivity in this\ncontext is the ability to focus more resources on regions of space where signal\ncomponents exist, thereby improving performance. A dynamic programming\nformulation is derived for the allocation of sensing effort to minimize the\nexpected estimation loss. Based on the method of open-loop feedback control,\nallocation policies are then developed for a variety of loss functions. The\npolicies are optimal in the two-stage case, generalizing an optimal two-stage\npolicy proposed by Bashan et al., and improve monotonically thereafter with the\nnumber of stages. Numerical simulations show gains up to several dB as compared\nto recently proposed adaptive methods, and dramatic gains compared to\nnon-adaptive estimation. An application to radar imaging is also presented.\n" }, { "id": "e03032e3-dc24-4fc6-ad68-0b14df855f75", "adv_source_id": "e03032e3-dc24-4fc6-ad68-0b14df855f75", "source_id": "e03032e3-dc24-4fc6-ad68-0b14df855f75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reduplicated MWE (RMWE) helps in improving the CRF based Manipuri POS\n Tagger", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper gives a detail overview about the modified features selection in\nCRF (Conditional Random Field) based Manipuri POS (Part of Speech) tagging.\nSelection of features is so important in CRF that the better are the features\nthen the better are the outputs. This work is an attempt or an experiment to\nmake the previous work more efficient. Multiple new features are tried to run\nthe CRF and again tried with the Reduplicated Multiword Expression (RMWE) as\nanother feature. The CRF run with RMWE because Manipuri is rich of RMWE and\nidentification of RMWE becomes one of the necessities to bring up the result of\nPOS tagging. The new CRF system shows a Recall of 78.22%, Precision of 73.15%\nand F-measure of 75.60%. With the identification of RMWE and considering it as\na feature makes an improvement to a Recall of 80.20%, Precision of 74.31% and\nF-measure of 77.14%.\n" }, { "id": "a57f5cad-6dd8-47de-8d28-d9c79d510de8", "adv_source_id": "a57f5cad-6dd8-47de-8d28-d9c79d510de8", "source_id": "a57f5cad-6dd8-47de-8d28-d9c79d510de8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Riemann Tensor in Double Field Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " Double field theory provides T-duality covariant generalized tensors that are\nnatural extensions of the scalar and Ricci curvatures of Riemannian geometry.\nWe search for a similar extension of the Riemann curvature tensor by developing\na geometry based on the generalized metric and the dilaton. We find a duality\ncovariant Riemann tensor whose contractions give the Ricci and scalar\ncurvatures, but that is not fully determined in terms of the physical fields.\nThis suggests that \\alpha' corrections to the effective action require \\alpha'\ncorrections to T-duality transformations and/or generalized diffeomorphisms.\nFurther evidence to this effect is found by an additional computation that\nshows that there is no T-duality invariant four-derivative object built from\nthe generalized metric and the dilaton that reduces to the square of the\nRiemann tensor.\n" }, { "id": "59483062-f291-4b52-a0dd-98b6105f068f", "adv_source_id": "59483062-f291-4b52-a0dd-98b6105f068f", "source_id": "59483062-f291-4b52-a0dd-98b6105f068f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Random sequential adsorption of partially oriented linear $k$-mers on\n square lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " Jamming phenomena on a square lattice are investigated for two different\nmodels of anisotropic random sequential adsorption (RSA) of linear $k$-mers\n(particles occupying $k$ adjacent adsorption sites along a line). The length of\na $k$-mer varies from 2 to 128. Effect of $k$-mer alignment on the jamming\nthreshold is examined. For completely ordered systems where all the $k$-mers\nare aligned along one direction (e.g., vertical), the obtained simulation data\nare very close to the known analytical results for 1d systems. In particular,\nthe jamming threshold tends to the R{\\'e}nyi's Parking Constant for large $k$.\nIn the other extreme case, when $k$-mers are fully disordered, our results\ncorrespond to the published results for short $k$-mers. It was observed that\nfor partially oriented systems the jamming configurations consist of the blocks\nof vertically and horizontally oriented $k$-mers ($v$- and $h$-blocks,\nrespectively) and large voids between them. The relative areas of different\nblocks and voids depend on the order parameter $s$, $k$-mer length and type of\nthe model. For small $k$-mers ($k\\leqslant 4$), denser configurations are\nobserved in disordered systems as compared to those of completely ordered\nsystems. However, longer $k$-mers exhibit the opposite behavior.\n" }, { "id": "11c270ed-7851-4304-a762-020c5f4f894f", "adv_source_id": "11c270ed-7851-4304-a762-020c5f4f894f", "source_id": "11c270ed-7851-4304-a762-020c5f4f894f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement of coupled massive scalar field in background of dilaton\n black hole", "prompt": null, "generation": " The entanglement of the coupled massive scalar field in the spacetime of a\nGarfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger(GHS) dilaton black hole has been investigated. It\nis found that the entanglement does not depend on the mass of the particle and\nthe coupling between the scalar field and the gravitational field, but it\ndecreases as the dilaton parameter $D$ increases. It is interesting to note\nthat in the limit of $D\\to M$, corresponding to the case of an extreme black\nhole, the state has no longer distillable entanglement for any state parameter\n$\\alpha$, but the mutual information equals to a nonvanishing minimum value,\nwhich indicates that the total correlations consist of classical correlations\nplus bound entanglement in this limit.\n" }, { "id": "23472b89-ae0d-4dae-b196-13a632899538", "adv_source_id": "23472b89-ae0d-4dae-b196-13a632899538", "source_id": "23472b89-ae0d-4dae-b196-13a632899538", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Free and Open Source Software for Development", "prompt": null, "generation": " Development organizations and International Non-Governmental Organizations\nhave been emphasizing the high potential of Free and Open Source Software for\nthe Less Developed Countries. Cost reduction, less vendor dependency and\nincreased potential for local capacity development have been their main\narguments. In spite of its advantages, Free and Open Source Software is not\nwidely adopted at the African continent. In this book the authors will explore\nthe grounds on with these expectations are based. Where do they come from and\nis there evidence to support these expectations? Over the past years several\nprojects have been initiated and some good results have been achieved, but at\nthe same time many challenges were encountered. What lessons can be drawn from\nthese experiences and do these experiences contain enough evidence to support\nthe high expectations? Several projects and their achievements will be\nconsidered. In the final part of the book the future of Free and Open Source\nSoftware for Development will be explored. Special attention is given to the\nAfrican continent since here challenges are highest. What is the role of Free\nand open Source Software for Development and how do we need to position and\nexplore the potential? What are the threats? The book aims at professionals\nthat are engaged in the design and implementation of ICT for Development\n(ICT4D) projects and want to improve their understanding of the role Free and\nOpen Source Software can play.\n" }, { "id": "396fa53c-c082-4d15-8ebe-5d9801ac8ead", "adv_source_id": "396fa53c-c082-4d15-8ebe-5d9801ac8ead", "source_id": "396fa53c-c082-4d15-8ebe-5d9801ac8ead", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Markov Equivalences for Subclasses of Loopless Mixed Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we discuss four problems regarding Markov equivalences for\nsubclasses of loopless mixed graphs. We classify these four problems as finding\nconditions for internal Markov equivalence, which is Markov equivalence within\na subclass, for external Markov equivalence, which is Markov equivalence\nbetween subclasses, for representational Markov equivalence, which is the\npossibility of a graph from a subclass being Markov equivalent to a graph from\nanother subclass, and finding algorithms to generate a graph from a certain\nsubclass that is Markov equivalent to a given graph. We particularly focus on\nthe class of maximal ancestral graphs and its subclasses, namely regression\ngraphs, bidirected graphs, undirected graphs, and directed acyclic graphs, and\npresent novel results for representational Markov equivalence and algorithms.\n" }, { "id": "4132d6b8-b006-4caf-ac6f-d0fffd373af5", "adv_source_id": "4132d6b8-b006-4caf-ac6f-d0fffd373af5", "source_id": "4132d6b8-b006-4caf-ac6f-d0fffd373af5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global Units modulo Circular Units : descent without Iwasawa's Main\n Conjecture", "prompt": null, "generation": " Iwasawa's classical asymptotical formula relates the orders of the $p$-parts\n$X_n$ of the ideal class groups along a $\\ZM_p$-extension $F_\\infty/F$ of a\nnumber field $F$, to Iwasawa structural invariants $\\la$ and $\\mu$ attached to\nthe inverse limit $X_\\infty=\\limpro X_n$. It relies on \"good\" descent\nproperties satisfied by $X_n$. If $F$ is abelian and $F_\\infty$ is cyclotomic\nit is known that the $p$-parts of the orders of the global units modulo\ncircular units $U_n/C_n$ are asymptotically equivalent to the $p$-parts of the\nideal class numbers. This suggests that these quotients $U_n/C_n$, so to speak\nunit class groups, satisfy also good descent properties. We show this directly,\ni.e. without using Iwasawa's Main Conjecture.\n" }, { "id": "666eebee-92b0-4a61-b3c5-cd6b4380cd37", "adv_source_id": "666eebee-92b0-4a61-b3c5-cd6b4380cd37", "source_id": "666eebee-92b0-4a61-b3c5-cd6b4380cd37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bayesian Analysis of Inflation III: Slow Roll Reconstruction Using Model\n Selection", "prompt": null, "generation": " We implement Slow Roll Reconstruction -- an optimal solution to the inverse\nproblem for inflationary cosmology -- within ModeCode, a publicly available\nsolver for the inflationary dynamics. We obtain up-to-date constraints on the\nreconstructed inflationary potential, derived from the WMAP 7-year dataset and\nSouth Pole Telescope observations, combined with large scale structure data\nderived from SDSS Data Release 7. Using ModeCode in conjunction with the\nMultiNest sampler, we compute Bayesian evidence for the reconstructed potential\nat each order in the truncated slow roll hierarchy. We find that the data are\nwell-described by the first two slow roll parameters, \\epsilon and \\eta, and\nthat there is no need to include a nontrivial \\xi parameter.\n" }, { "id": "1f31e783-f793-43db-a007-e2b23fa2024e", "adv_source_id": "1f31e783-f793-43db-a007-e2b23fa2024e", "source_id": "1f31e783-f793-43db-a007-e2b23fa2024e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gametocytes infectiousness to mosquitoes: variable selection using\n random forests, and zero inflated models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Malaria control strategies aiming at reducing disease transmission intensity\nmay impact both oocyst intensity and infection prevalence in the mosquito\nvector. Thus far, mathematical models failed to identify a clear relationship\nbetween Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and their infectiousness to\nmosquitoes. Natural isolates of gametocytes are genetically diverse and\nbiologically complex. Infectiousness to mosquitoes relies on multiple\nparameters such as density, sex-ratio, maturity, parasite genotypes and host\nimmune factors. In this article, we investigated how density and genetic\ndiversity of gametocytes impact on the success of transmission in the mosquito\nvector. We analyzed data for which the number of covariates plus attendant\ninteractions is at least of order of the sample size, precluding usage of\nclassical models such as general linear models. We then considered the variable\nimportance from random forests to address the problem of selecting the most\ninfluent variables. The selected covariates were assessed in the zero inflated\nnegative binomial model which accommodates both over-dispersion and the sources\nof non infected mosquitoes. We found that the most important covariates related\nto infection prevalence and parasite intensity are gametocyte density and\nmultiplicity of infection.\n" }, { "id": "5727b841-752a-417a-bd4e-c2491ebdbd27", "adv_source_id": "5727b841-752a-417a-bd4e-c2491ebdbd27", "source_id": "5727b841-752a-417a-bd4e-c2491ebdbd27", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Suppression of high-pT heavy-flavour particles in Pb-Pb collisions at\n the LHC, measured with the ALICE detector", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ALICE experiment studies nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC in order\nto investigate the properties of QCD matter at extreme energy densities. The\nmeasurement of open charm and open beauty production allows one to probe the\nmechanisms of heavy-quark propagation, energy loss and hadronization in the hot\nand dense medium formed in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. In\nparticular, in-medium energy loss is predicted to be different for massless\npartons (light quarks and gluons) and heavy quarks at moderate momentum. The\nALICE apparatus allows us to measure open heavy-flavour particles in several\ndecay channels and with a wide phase-space coverage.\n We present the results on the nuclear modification factors for heavy-flavour\nparticle production in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrtsNN=2.76 TeV. Using\nproton-proton and lead-lead collision samples at sqrts=2.76 and 7 TeV and at\nsqrtsNN=2.76 TeV, respectively, nuclear modification factors R_AA(pT) were\nmeasured for D mesons at central rapidity (via displaced decay vertex\nreconstruction), and for electrons and muons from heavy-flavour decays, at\ncentral and forward rapidity, respectively. A large suppression is observed, by\na factor 2.5-4 in central Pb--Pb collisions with respect to the pp reference,\nin the high-pT region, indicating a strong in-medium energy loss of heavy\nquarks.\n" }, { "id": "74d11faf-48bd-45b5-b636-85ef22b1b394", "adv_source_id": "74d11faf-48bd-45b5-b636-85ef22b1b394", "source_id": "74d11faf-48bd-45b5-b636-85ef22b1b394", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effects of time dependency and efficiency on information flow in\n financial markets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigated financial market data to determine which factors affect\ninformation flow between stocks. Two factors, the time dependency and the\ndegree of efficiency, were considered in the analysis of Korean, the Japanese,\nthe Taiwanese, the Canadian, and US market data. We found that the frequency of\nthe significant information decreases as the time interval increases. However,\nno significant information flow was observed in the time series from which the\ntemporal time correlation was removed. These results indicated that the\ninformation flow between stocks evidences time-dependency properties.\nFurthermore, we discovered that the difference in the degree of efficiency\nperforms a crucial function in determining the direction of the significant\ninformation flow.\n" }, { "id": "500535af-fad0-46f7-96fc-026d8cea4e71", "adv_source_id": "500535af-fad0-46f7-96fc-026d8cea4e71", "source_id": "500535af-fad0-46f7-96fc-026d8cea4e71", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anisotropic Dark Energy: Dynamics of Background and Perturbations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate cosmologies where the accelerated expansion of the Universe is\ndriven by a field with an anisotropic equation of state. We model such\nscenarios within the Bianchi I framework, introducing two skewness parameters\nto quantify the deviation of pressure from isotropy. We study the dynamics of\nthe background expansion in these models. A special case of anisotropic\ncosmological constant is analyzed in detail. The anisotropic expansion is then\nconfronted with the redshift and angular distribution of the supernovae type\nIa. In addition, we investigate the effects on the cosmic microwave background\n(CMB) anisotropies for which the main signature appears to be a quadrupole\ncontribution. We find that the two skewness parameters can be very well\nconstrained. Tightest bounds are imposed by the CMB quadrupole, but there are\nanisotropic models which avoid this bound completely. Within these bounds, the\nanisotropy can be beneficial as a potential explanation of various anomalous\ncosmological observations, especially in the CMB at the largest angles. We also\nconsider the dynamics of linear perturbations in these models. The covariant\napproach is used to derive the general evolution equations for cosmological\nperturbations taking into account imperfect sources in an anisotropic\nbackground. The implications for the galaxy formation are then studied. These\nresults might help to make contact between the observed anomalies in CMB and\nlarge scale structure and fundamental theories exhibiting Lorentz violation.\n" }, { "id": "07a4bd37-b9b4-4fa9-959d-eb8f237fad93", "adv_source_id": "07a4bd37-b9b4-4fa9-959d-eb8f237fad93", "source_id": "07a4bd37-b9b4-4fa9-959d-eb8f237fad93", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the two-loop decoupling corrections to tau-lepton and b-quark running\n masses in the MSSM", "prompt": null, "generation": " Masses of heavy Standard Model fermions (top-quark, bottom-quark, and\ntau-lepton) play an important role in the analysis of theories beyond the SM.\nThey serve as low-energy input and reduce the parameter space of such theories.\nIn this paper Minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM is considered and\ntwo-loop relations between known SM values of fermion masses and running\nparameters of the MSSM are studied within the effective theory approach. Both\nb-quark and tau-lepton have the same quantum numbers with respect to SU(2)\ngroupand in the MSSM acquire their masses due to interactions with the same\nHiggs doublet. As a consequence, for large values of tan beta parameter\ncorresponding Yukawa couplings also become large and together with tan beta can\nsignificantly enhance radiative corrections. In the case of b-quark two-loop\nO(alpha_s^2) contribution to the relation between running bottom-quark mass in\nQCD and MSSM is known in literature. This paper is devoted to calculation of\nthe NNLO corrections proportional to Yukawa couplings. For the tau-lepton\nobtained contribution can be considered as a good approximation to the full\ntwo-loop result. For the b-quark numerical analysis given in the paper shows\nthat only the sum of strong and Yukawa corrections can play such a role.\n" }, { "id": "17fa8fa1-5df8-42f0-8c58-faf557dcd008", "adv_source_id": "17fa8fa1-5df8-42f0-8c58-faf557dcd008", "source_id": "17fa8fa1-5df8-42f0-8c58-faf557dcd008", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonparametric and adaptive modeling of dynamic seasonality and trend\n with heteroscedastic and dependent errors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Seasonality (or periodicity) and trend are features describing an observed\nsequence, and extracting these features is an important issue in many\nscientific fields. However, it is not an easy task for existing methods to\nanalyze simultaneously the trend and {\\it dynamics} of the seasonality such as\ntime-varying frequency and amplitude, and the {\\it adaptivity} of the analysis\nto such dynamics and robustness to heteroscedastic, dependent errors is not\nguaranteed. These tasks become even more challenging when there exist multiple\nseasonal components. We propose a nonparametric model to describe the dynamics\nof multi-component seasonality, and investigate the recently developed\nSynchrosqueezing transform (SST) in extracting these features in the presence\nof a trend and heteroscedastic, dependent errors. The identifiability problem\nof the nonparametric seasonality model is studied, and the adaptivity and\nrobustness properties of the SST are theoretically justified in both discrete-\nand continuous-time settings. Consequently we have a new technique for\nde-coupling the trend, seasonality and heteroscedastic, dependent error process\nin a general nonparametric setup. Results of a series of simulations are\nprovided, and the incidence time series of varicella and herpes zoster in\nTaiwan and respiratory signals observed from a sleep study are analyzed.\n" }, { "id": "f783ddfd-e4b9-454f-ac5e-d9e40609a824", "adv_source_id": "f783ddfd-e4b9-454f-ac5e-d9e40609a824", "source_id": "f783ddfd-e4b9-454f-ac5e-d9e40609a824", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Type Ib SN 1999dn: One Year of Photometric and Spectroscopic\n Monitoring", "prompt": null, "generation": " Extensive optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations of the type Ib\nsupernova 1999dn are presented, covering the first year after explosion. These\nnew data turn this object, already considered a prototypical SNIb, into one of\nthe best observed objects of its class. The light curve of SN 1999dn is mostly\nsimilar in shape to that of other SNeIb but with a moderately faint peak\nM_V=-17.2 mag). From the bolometric light curve and ejecta expansion\nvelocities, we estimate that about 0.11 Msun of 56Ni were produced during the\nexplosion and that the total ejecta mass was 4-6 Msun with a kinetic energy of\nat least 5x10^{51} erg. The spectra of SN 1999dn at various epochs are similar\nto those of other Stripped Envelope (SE) SNe showing clear presence of H at\nearly epochs. The high explosion energy and ejected mass, along with the small\nflux ratio [CaII]/[OI] measured in the nebular spectrum, together with the lack\nof signatures of dust formation and the relatively high-metallicity environment\npoint toward a single massive progenitor (M_ZAMS>=23-25 Msun) for SN 1999dn.\n" }, { "id": "38df43e1-f3a1-4aa9-a383-280933e245fe", "adv_source_id": "38df43e1-f3a1-4aa9-a383-280933e245fe", "source_id": "38df43e1-f3a1-4aa9-a383-280933e245fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Efficient Gaussian Process Regression for Large Data Sets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Gaussian processes (GPs) are widely used in nonparametric regression,\nclassification and spatio-temporal modeling, motivated in part by a rich\nliterature on theoretical properties. However, a well known drawback of GPs\nthat limits their use is the expensive computation, typically O($n^3$) in\nperforming the necessary matrix inversions with $n$ denoting the number of data\npoints. In large data sets, data storage and processing also lead to\ncomputational bottlenecks and numerical stability of the estimates and\npredicted values degrades with $n$. To address these problems, a rich variety\nof methods have been proposed, with recent options including predictive\nprocesses in spatial data analysis and subset of regressors in machine\nlearning. The underlying idea in these approaches is to use a subset of the\ndata, leading to questions of sensitivity to the subset and limitations in\nestimating fine scale structure in regions that are not well covered by the\nsubset. Motivated by the literature on compressive sensing, we propose an\nalternative random projection of all the data points onto a lower-dimensional\nsubspace. We demonstrate the superiority of this approach from a theoretical\nperspective and through the use of simulated and real data examples. Some\nKeywords: Bayesian; Compressive Sensing; Dimension Reduction; Gaussian\nProcesses; Random Projections; Subset Selection\n" }, { "id": "6d33e367-cfe4-462e-88c4-89f6cb67ee19", "adv_source_id": "6d33e367-cfe4-462e-88c4-89f6cb67ee19", "source_id": "6d33e367-cfe4-462e-88c4-89f6cb67ee19", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scalar Neutrinos at the LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study a softly-broken supersymmetric model whose gauge symmetry is that of\nthe standard model (SM) gauge group times an extra Abelian symmetry U(1)'. We\ncall this gauge-extended model U(1)' model, and we study a U(1)' model with a\nsecluded sector such that neutrinos acquire Dirac masses via higher-dimensional\nterms allowed by the U(1)' invariance. In this model the mu term of the minimal\nsupersymmetric model (MSSM) is dynamically induced by the vacuum expectation\nvalue of a singlet scalar. In addition, the model contains exotic particles\nnecessary for anomaly cancellation, and extra singlet bosons for achieving\ncorrect Z'/Z mass hierarchy. The neutrinos are charged under U(1)', and thus,\ntheir production and decay channels differ from those in the MSSM in strength\nand topology. We implement the model into standard packages and perform a\ndetailed analysis of sneutrino production and decay at the Large Hadron\nCollider, for various mass scenarios, concentrating on three types of signals:\n(1) 0lep+ MET,(2) 2lep+MET, and (3) 4lep + MET. We compare the results with\nthose of the MSSM whenever possible, and analyze the SM background for each\nsignal. The sneutrino production and decays provide clear signatures enabling\ndistinction of the U(1)' model from the MSSM at the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "aea17e1e-91fb-4646-b5d2-30099a64efb0", "adv_source_id": "aea17e1e-91fb-4646-b5d2-30099a64efb0", "source_id": "aea17e1e-91fb-4646-b5d2-30099a64efb0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "p-Wave superfluid and phase separation in atomic Bose-Fermi mixture", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a system of repulsively interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures of spin\npolarized uniform atomic gases at zero temperature. We examine possible\nrealization of p-wave superfluidity of fermions due to an effective attractive\ninteraction via density fluctuations of Bose-Einstein condensate within\nmean-field approximation. We find the ground state of the system by direct\nenergy comparison of p-wave superfluid and phase-separated states, and suggest\nan occurrence of the p-wave superfluid for a strong boson-fermion interaction\nregime. We study some signatures in the p-wave superfluid phase, such as\nanisotropic energy gap and quasi-particle energy in the axial state, that have\nnot been observed in spin unpolarized superfluid of atomic fermions. We also\nshow that a Cooper pair is a tightly bound state like a diatomic molecule in\nthe strong boson-fermion coupling regime and suggest an observable indication\nof the p-wave superfluid in the real experiment.\n" }, { "id": "d95dac0f-0658-4f11-9842-e35c85d3c3e2", "adv_source_id": "d95dac0f-0658-4f11-9842-e35c85d3c3e2", "source_id": "d95dac0f-0658-4f11-9842-e35c85d3c3e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Need for context-aware computing in astrophysics", "prompt": null, "generation": " The example of disk galaxy rotation curves is given for inferring dark matter\nfrom redundant computational procedure because proper care of astrophysical and\ncomputational context was not taken. At least three attempts that take the\ncontext into account have not found adequate voice because of haste in wrongly\nconcluding existence of dark matter on the part of even experts. This firmly\nentrenched view, prevalent for about 3/4ths of a century, has now become\ndifficult to correct. The right context must be borne in mind at every step to\navoid such a situation. Perhaps other examples exist. Keywords: dark matter;\ndisk galaxy; rotation curve; context-awareness. Topics: Algorithms;\nApplications.\n" }, { "id": "bd09b7a5-8ed4-4f44-b7f4-08a9fb241408", "adv_source_id": "bd09b7a5-8ed4-4f44-b7f4-08a9fb241408", "source_id": "bd09b7a5-8ed4-4f44-b7f4-08a9fb241408", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Acceptor and donor impurities in GaN nanocrystals", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate acceptor and donor states in GaN nanocrystals doped with a\nsingle substitutional impurity. Quantum dots (QD's) of zinc-blende structure\nand spherical shape are considered with the radius ranging from 4.5 to 67.7 A.\nThe size-dependent energy spectra are calculated within the sp3d5s*\ntight-binding model, which yields a good agreement with the confinement-induced\nblue shifts observed in undoped QD's. The computed binding energy is strongly\nenhanced with respect to the experimental bulk value when the dopant is placed\nat the center of the smallest QD's. It decreases with increasing QD size\nfollowing a scaling law that extrapolates to the bulk limit. In order to\nestimate the degree of localization of the bound carriers we analyze their wave\nfunctions and average radii. The resulting physical picture points to a highly\nlocalized acceptor hole, mostly distributed over the nearest-neighbor anion\nshell, and a much more extended donor electron. We also study off-center\nimpurities in intermediate-size QD's. The acceptor binding energy is\napproximately independent of the dopant position unless it is placed within a\nsurface shell of thickness of the order of the bulk Bohr radius, where the\nionization energy abruptly drops. On the contrary, the donor binding energy\ngradually decreases as the impurity is moved away from the center toward the QD\nsurface.\n" }, { "id": "a4bb58f3-4d2d-4287-bcd8-9ee739f72482", "adv_source_id": "a4bb58f3-4d2d-4287-bcd8-9ee739f72482", "source_id": "a4bb58f3-4d2d-4287-bcd8-9ee739f72482", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Bose-Einstein Approach to the Random Partitioning of an Integer", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider N equally-spaced points on a circle of circumference N. Choose at\nrandom n points out of $N$ on this circle and append clockwise an arc of\nintegral length k to each such point. The resulting random set is made of a\nrandom number of connected components. Questions such as the evaluation of the\nprobability of random covering and parking configurations, number and length of\nthe gaps are addressed. They are the discrete versions of similar problems\nraised in the continuum. For each value of k, asymptotic results are presented\nwhen n,N both go to infinity according to two different regimes. This model may\nequivalently be viewed as a random partitioning problem of N items into n\nrecipients. A grand-canonical balls in boxes approach is also supplied, giving\nsome insight into the multiplicities of the box filling amounts or spacings.\nThe latter model is a k-nearest neighbor random graph with N vertices and kn\nedges. We shall also briefly consider the covering problem in the context of a\nrandom graph model with N vertices and n (out-degree 1) edges whose endpoints\nare no more bound to be neighbors.\n" }, { "id": "8c99b7e8-3833-47a8-b792-acad2f07c12f", "adv_source_id": "8c99b7e8-3833-47a8-b792-acad2f07c12f", "source_id": "8c99b7e8-3833-47a8-b792-acad2f07c12f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Q-PYTHIA: a medium-modified implementation of final state radiation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a Monte Carlo implementation, within PYTHIA, of medium-induced\ngluon radiation in the final state branching process. Medium effects are\nintroduced through an additive term in the splitting functions computed in the\nmultiple-soft scattering approximation. The observable effects of this\nmodification are studied for different quantities as fragmentation functions\nand the hump-backed plateau, and transverse momentum and angular distributions.\nThe anticipated increase of intra-jet multiplicities, energy loss of the\nleading particle and jet broadening are observed as well as modifications of\nnaive expectations based solely on analytical calculations. This shows the\nadequacy of a Monte Carlo simulator for jet analyses. Effects of hadronization\nare found to wash out medium effects in the soft region, while the main\nfeatures remain. To show the performance of the implementation and the\nfeasibility of our approach in realistic experimental situations we provide\nsome examples: fragmentation functions, nuclear suppression factors, jet shapes\nand jet multiplicities. The package containing the modified routines is\navailable for public use. This code, which is not an official PYTHIA release,\nis called Q-PYTHIA. We also include a short manual to perform the simulations\nof jet quenching.\n" }, { "id": "a07d1b2d-75e9-4c4d-a903-542af903d19f", "adv_source_id": "a07d1b2d-75e9-4c4d-a903-542af903d19f", "source_id": "a07d1b2d-75e9-4c4d-a903-542af903d19f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of 1-bit Output Noncoherent Fading Channels in the Low SNR\n Regime", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider general multi-antenna fading channels with coarsely quantized\noutputs, where the channel is unknown to the transmitter and receiver. This\nanalysis is of interest in the context of sensor network communication where\nlow power and low cost are key requirements (e.g. standard IEEE 802.15.4\napplications). This is also motivated by highly energy constrained\ncommunications devices where sampling the signal may be more energy consuming\nthan processing or transmitting it. Therefore the analog-to-digital converters\n(ADCs) for such applications should be low-resolution, in order to reduce their\ncost and power consumption. In this paper, we consider the extreme case of only\n1-bit ADC for each receive signal component. We derive asymptotics of the\nmutual information up to the second order in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)\nunder average and peak power constraints and study the impact of quantization.\nWe show that up to second order in SNR, the mutual information of a system with\ntwo-level (sign) output signals incorporates only a power penalty factor of\nalmost 1.96 dB compared to the system with infinite resolution for all channels\nof practical interest. This generalizes a recent result for the coherent case.\n" }, { "id": "3372ea8b-038c-45cc-a0d4-204a7f78d125", "adv_source_id": "3372ea8b-038c-45cc-a0d4-204a7f78d125", "source_id": "3372ea8b-038c-45cc-a0d4-204a7f78d125", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High resolution spectroscopic study of red clump stars in the Galaxy:\n iron group elements", "prompt": null, "generation": " The main atmospheric parameters and abundances of the iron group elements\n(vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel) are determined for 62 red giant\n\"clump\" stars revealed in the Galactic field by the Hipparcos orbiting\nobservatory. The stars form a homogeneous sample with the mean value of\ntemperature T=4750 +- 160K, of surface gravity log g = 2.41 +- 0.26 and the\nmean value of metallicity [Fe/H] = -0.04 +- 0.15 dex. A Gaussian fit to the\n[Fe/H] distribution produces the mean [Fe/H] = -0.01 dex and dispersion of\n[Fe/H] = 0.08 dex. The near-solar metallicity and small dispersion of [Fe/H] of\nclump stars of the Galaxy obtained in this work confirm the theoretical model\nof the Hipparcos clump by Girardi & Salaris (2001). This suggests that nearby\nclump stars are (in the mean) relatively young objects, reflecting mainly the\nnear-solar metallicities developed in the local disk during the last few Gyrs\nof its history. We find iron group element to iron abundance ratios in clump\ngiants to be close to solar.\n" }, { "id": "57d65db4-bde2-4f20-becd-869671b10a3f", "adv_source_id": "57d65db4-bde2-4f20-becd-869671b10a3f", "source_id": "57d65db4-bde2-4f20-becd-869671b10a3f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mathematical Principles in Software Quality Engineering", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mathematics has many useful properties for developing of complex software\nsystems. One is that it can exactly describe a physical situation of the object\nor outcome of an action. Mathematics support abstraction and this is an\nexcellent medium for modeling, since it is an exact medium there is a little\npossibility of ambiguity. This paper demonstrates that mathematics provides a\nhigh level of validation when it is used as a software medium. It also outlines\ndistinguishing characteristics of structural testing which is based on the\nsource code of the program tested. Structural testing methods are very amenable\nto rigorous definition, mathematical analysis and precise measurement. Finally,\nit also discusses functional and structural testing debate to have a sense of\ncomplete testing. Any program can be considered to be a function in the sense\nthat program input forms its domain and program outputs form its range. In\ngeneral discrete mathematics is more applicable to functional testing, while\ngraph theory pertains more to structural testing.\n" }, { "id": "069d05de-695b-45a3-810a-1b197e15af46", "adv_source_id": "069d05de-695b-45a3-810a-1b197e15af46", "source_id": "069d05de-695b-45a3-810a-1b197e15af46", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Synchronization mechanism of sharp edges in rings of Saturn", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new mechanism which explains the existence of enormously sharp\nedges in the rings of Saturn. This mechanism is based on the synchronization\nphenomenon due to which the epicycle rotational phases of particles in the\nring, under certain conditions, become synchronized with the phase of external\nsatellite, e.g. with the phase of Mimas in the case of the outer B ring edge.\nThis synchronization eliminates collisions between particles and suppress the\ndiffusion induced by collisions by orders of magnitude. The minimum of the\ndiffusion is reached at the center of the synchronization regime corresponding\nto the ratio 2:1 between the orbital frequency at the edge of B ring and the\norbital frequency of Mimas. The synchronization theory gives the sharpness of\nthe edge in few tens of meters that is in agreement with available\nobservations.\n" }, { "id": "d266a0e0-099c-450d-b055-a7d316f84116", "adv_source_id": "d266a0e0-099c-450d-b055-a7d316f84116", "source_id": "d266a0e0-099c-450d-b055-a7d316f84116", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Arrow of time and non-Markovianity in the non equilibrium\n folding/unfolding of alanine decapeptide in vacuo", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present non equilibrium molecular dynamics experiments of the unfolding\nand refolding of an alanine decapeptide in vacuo subject to a Nose-Hoover\nthermostat. Forward (unfolding) and reverse (refolding) work distribution are\nnumerically calculated for various duration times of the non equilibrium\nexperiments. Crooks theorem is accurately verified for all non equilibrium\nregimes and the time asymmetry of the process is measured using the recently\nproposed Jensen-Shannon divergence [E.H. Fend, G. Crooks, Phys. Rev. Lett, 101,\n090602] . Results on the alanine decapeptide are found similar to recent\nexperimental data on m-RNA molecule, thus evidencing the universal character of\nthe Jensen-Shannon divergence. The patent non-Markovianity of the process is\nrationalized by assuming that the observed forward and reverse distributions\ncan be each described by a combination of two normal distributions satisfying\nthe Crooks theorem, representative of two mutually exclusive linear events.\nSuch bimodal approach reproduce with surprising accuracy the observed non\nMarkovian work distributions.\n" }, { "id": "b94e56a6-6394-45e5-aa89-496e4ab0aeb1", "adv_source_id": "b94e56a6-6394-45e5-aa89-496e4ab0aeb1", "source_id": "b94e56a6-6394-45e5-aa89-496e4ab0aeb1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Renormalization-group approach to transverse-momentum dependent parton\n distribution functions in QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss the renormalization of gauge-invariant transverse-momentum\ndependent (TMD), i.e., unintegrated, parton distribution functions (PDFs) and\ncarry out the calculation of their anomalous dimension at one loop. We show\nthat in the light-cone gauge, TMD PDFs contain UV divergences that may be\nattributed to the renormalization effect on a cusp-like junction point of the\ngauge contours at infinity. In order to eliminate the anomalous dimension\nensuing from this cusp, we propose to use in the definition of the TMD PDFs, a\nsoft counter term in terms of a path-ordered phase factor along a particular\ncusped contour extending to transverse light-cone infinity and comprising\nlight-like and transverse segments. We argue that this additional factor is\nanalogous to the \"intrinsic\" Coulomb phase factor found before in QED.\n" }, { "id": "34485683-3bb9-4db4-9f3d-31863c70b392", "adv_source_id": "34485683-3bb9-4db4-9f3d-31863c70b392", "source_id": "34485683-3bb9-4db4-9f3d-31863c70b392", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pure Spinor Vertex Operators in Siegel Gauge and Loop Amplitude\n Regularization", "prompt": null, "generation": " Since the b ghost in the pure spinor formalism is a composite operator\ndepending on non-minimal variables, it is not trivial to impose the Siegel\ngauge condition b_0 V=0 on BRST-invariant vertex operators. Using the antifield\nvertex operator V* of ghost-number +2, we show that Siegel gauge unintegrated\nvertex operators can be constructed as b_0 V* and Siegel gauge integrated\nvertex operators as \\int dz b_{-1} b_0 V*.\n These Siegel gauge vertex operators depend on the non-minimal variables, so\nscattering amplitudes involving these operators need to be regularized using\nthe prescription developed previously with Nekrasov. As an example of this\nregularization prescription, we compute the four-point one-loop amplitude with\nfour Siegel gauge integrated vertex operators. This is the first one-loop\ncomputation in the pure spinor formalism that does not require unintegrated\nvertex operators.\n" }, { "id": "e31db81b-614c-4ec7-af23-e21f2a9db900", "adv_source_id": "e31db81b-614c-4ec7-af23-e21f2a9db900", "source_id": "e31db81b-614c-4ec7-af23-e21f2a9db900", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exotic arithmetic structure on the first Hurwitz triplet", "prompt": null, "generation": " We find that the first Hurwitz triplet possesses two distinct arithmetic\nstructures. As Shimura curves $X_1$, $X_2$, $X_3$, whose levels are with norm\n13. As non-congruence modular curves $Y_1$, $Y_2$, $Y_3$, whose levels are 7.\nBoth of them are defined over ${\\Bbb Q}(\\cos \\frac{2 \\pi}{7})$. However, for\nthe third non-congruence modular curve $Y_3$, there exist an \"exotic\" duality\nbetween the associated non-congruence modular forms and the Hilbert modular\nforms, both of them are related to ${\\Bbb Q}(e^{\\frac{2 \\pi i}{13}})$! Our\nresults have relations and applications to modular equations of degree fourteen\n(including Jacobian modular equation and \"exotic\" modular equation), \"triality\"\nof the representation of $PSL(2, 13)$, Haagerup subfactor, geometry of the\nexceptional Lie group $G_2$, and even the Monster finite simple group ${\\Bbb\nM}$!\n" }, { "id": "e96d8f83-075a-4fef-a4cd-8dfe463a832e", "adv_source_id": "e96d8f83-075a-4fef-a4cd-8dfe463a832e", "source_id": "e96d8f83-075a-4fef-a4cd-8dfe463a832e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lateral spin-orbit interaction and spin polarization in quantum point\n contacts", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study ballistic transport through semiconductor quantum point contact\nsystems under different confinement geometries and applied fields. In\nparticular, we investigate how the {\\em lateral} spin-orbit coupling,\nintroduced by asymmetric lateral confinement potentials, affects the spin\npolarization of the current. We find that even in the absence of external\nmagnetic fields, a variable {\\em non-zero spin polarization} can be obtained by\ncontrolling the asymmetric shape of the confinement potential. These results\nsuggest a new approach to produce spin polarized electron sources and we study\nthe dependence of this phenomenon on structural parameters and applied magnetic\nfields. This asymmetry-induced polarization provides also a plausible\nexplanation of our recent observations of a 0.5 conductance plateau (in units\nof $2e^2/h$) in quantum point contacts made on InAs quantum-well structures.\nAlthough our estimates of the required spin-orbit interaction strength in these\nsystems do not support this explanation, they likely play a role in the effects\nenhanced by electron-electron interactions.\n" }, { "id": "0d667e27-ff36-427c-b1ba-c9cff15d50ac", "adv_source_id": "0d667e27-ff36-427c-b1ba-c9cff15d50ac", "source_id": "0d667e27-ff36-427c-b1ba-c9cff15d50ac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Constructing Stein manifolds after Eliashberg", "prompt": null, "generation": " A unified summary is given of the existence theory of Stein manifolds in all\ndimensions, based on published and pending literature. Eliashberg's\ncharacterization of manifolds admitting Stein structures requires an extra\ndelicate hypothesis in complex dimension 2, which can be eliminated by passing\nto the topological setting and invoking Freedman theory. The situation is quite\nsimilar if one asks which open subsets of a fixed complex manifold can be made\nStein by an isotopy. As an application of these theorems, one can construct\nuncountably many diffeomorphism types of exotic R^4's realized as Stein open\nsubsets of C^2 (i.e. domains of holomorphy). More generally, every domain of\nholomorphy in C^2 is topologically isotopic to other such domains realizing\nuncountably many diffeomorphism types. Any tame n-complex in a complex\nn-manifold can be isotoped to become a nested intersection of Stein open\nsubsets, provided the isotopy is topological when n=2. In the latter case, the\nStein neighborhoods are homeomorphic, but frequently realize uncountably many\ndiffeomorphism types. It is also proved that every exhausting Morse function\ncan be subdivided to yield a locally finite handlebody of the same maximal\nindex, both in the context of smooth n-manifolds and for Stein surfaces.\n" }, { "id": "cf1134aa-d5e5-4aeb-9147-22dd6d85440c", "adv_source_id": "cf1134aa-d5e5-4aeb-9147-22dd6d85440c", "source_id": "cf1134aa-d5e5-4aeb-9147-22dd6d85440c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tip-sample electromagnetic interaction in the infrared: Effective\n polarizabilities, retarded image dipole model and near-field thermal\n radiation detection", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyse how a probing particle modifies infrared electromagnetic near\nfields. The particle, assimilated to both electric and magnetic dipoles,\nrepresents the tip of an apertureless scanning optical near-field microscope\n(SNOM). We show that the interaction can be accounted for by ascribing to the\nparticle effective dipole polarizabilities that add the effect of retardation\nto the one of the image dipole. Apart from these polarizabilities, the SNOM\nsignal expression depends only on the fields without tip perturbation, shown to\nbe closely related to the electromagnetic density of states (EM-LDOS) and\nessentially linked to the sample's optical properties, so that measuring local\nspectra of heated samples is equivalent to performing a local surface\nspectroscopy. We also analyse the case where the probing particle is hotter. We\nevaluate in this case the impact of the effective polarizabilities on the\ntip-sample near-field radiative heat transfer. We also show that such an heated\nprobe above a surface also performs a surface spectroscopy. The calculations\nagree well with available experimental data.\n" }, { "id": "db279326-3787-4844-bef5-1e72bd942d39", "adv_source_id": "db279326-3787-4844-bef5-1e72bd942d39", "source_id": "db279326-3787-4844-bef5-1e72bd942d39", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reentrant phase diagram and pH effects in cross-linked gelatin gels", "prompt": null, "generation": " Experimental results have shown that the kinetics of bond formation in\nchemical crosslinking of gelatin solutions is strongly affected not only by\ngelatin and reactant concentrations but also by the solution pH. We present an\nextended numerical investigation of the phase diagram and of the kinetics of\nbond formation as a function of the pH, via Monte Carlo simulations of a\nlattice model for gelatin chains and reactant agent in solution. We find a\nreentrant phase diagram, namely gelation can be hindered either by loop\nformation, at low reactant concentrations, or by saturation of active sites of\nthe chains via formation of single bonds with crosslinkers, at high reactant\nconcentrations. The ratio of the characteristic times for the formation of the\nfirst and of the second bond between the crosslinker and an active site of a\nchain is found to depend on the reactant reactivity, in good agreement with\nexperimental data.\n" }, { "id": "f9e2ac8f-53f8-4ba0-9928-0a119fd68957", "adv_source_id": "f9e2ac8f-53f8-4ba0-9928-0a119fd68957", "source_id": "f9e2ac8f-53f8-4ba0-9928-0a119fd68957", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On correlation between protein secondary structure, backbone bond\n angles, and side-chain orientations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the fine structure of the sp3 hybridized covalent bond\ngeometry that governs the tetrahedral architecture around the central\nC$_\\alpha$ carbon of a protein backbone, and for this we develop new\nvisualization techniques to analyze high resolution X-ray structures in Protein\nData Bank. We observe that there is a correlation between the deformations of\nthe ideal tetrahedral symmetry and the local secondary structure of the\nprotein. We propose a universal coarse grained energy function to describe the\nensuing side-chain geometry in terms of the C$_\\beta$ carbon orientations. The\nenergy function can model the side-chain geometry with a sub-atomic precision.\nAs an example we construct the C$_\\alpha$-C$_\\beta$ structure of HP35 chicken\nvillin headpiece. We obtain a configuration that deviates less than 0.4 \\.A in\nroot-mean-square distance from the experimental X-ray structure.\n" }, { "id": "a204713c-1a2d-419c-ba74-845d2a7f088c", "adv_source_id": "a204713c-1a2d-419c-ba74-845d2a7f088c", "source_id": "a204713c-1a2d-419c-ba74-845d2a7f088c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analytic and geometric properties of photoinduced effects in\n noncentrosymmetric crystals: photovoltaic current and optical rectification", "prompt": null, "generation": " An original dispersion relation between the stationary coherent nonlinear\noptical responses by current and polarisation is obtained. The dispersion\nrelation provides a new complimentary tool that can be employed to study\nlight-induced charge transport models and facilitate experimental data\nanalysis. It is shown that the origin of the coherent current and the\ndc-polarisation induced in a noncentrosymmetric crystal under illumination is\nrelated to the theory of the Berry phase and can be represented in terms of the\nrenormalised geometric potentials. This renormalisation originates from the\nextra phase difference acquired by a carrier in the light field on the quantum\ntransition between the electronic bands. The gauge invariance of the\ncorresponding expressions for the current and the polarisation is demonstrated.\n" }, { "id": "0e6ca0ea-bd1b-4ca0-a7b9-e217e78a334d", "adv_source_id": "0e6ca0ea-bd1b-4ca0-a7b9-e217e78a334d", "source_id": "0e6ca0ea-bd1b-4ca0-a7b9-e217e78a334d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-axisymmetric baby-skyrmion branes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the existence of non axisymmetric solutions in the\n6-dimensional baby-Skyrme brane model. The brane is described by a localized\nsolution to the baby-Skyrme model extending in the extra dimensions. Such non\nsymmetric branes have already been constructed in the original 2+1-dimensional\nbaby-Skyrme model in flat space. We generalize this result to the case of\ngravitating baby-Skyrme and in the context of extradimensions. These\nnon-trivial deformation from the axisymmetric shape appear for higher values of\nthe topological charge, so we consider the cases of $B=3,4$, where $B$ is the\ntopological charge. We solve the coupled system of the Einstein and baby-Skyrme\nequations by successive over relaxation method. We argue that the result may be\na possible resolution for the fermion mass hierarchy puzzle.\n" }, { "id": "2618bebe-75c1-413f-a014-538dbb0ec675", "adv_source_id": "2618bebe-75c1-413f-a014-538dbb0ec675", "source_id": "2618bebe-75c1-413f-a014-538dbb0ec675", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Hottest Horizontal-Branch Stars in omega Centauri - Late Hot Flasher\n vs. Helium Enrichment", "prompt": null, "generation": " UV observations of some massive globular clusters uncovered a significant\npopulation of very hot stars below the hot end of the horizontal branch (HB),\nthe so-called blue hook stars. This feature might be explained either as\nresults of the late hot flasher scenario where stars experience the helium\nflash while on the white dwarf cooling curve or by the progeny of the\nhelium-enriched sub-population recently postulated to exist in some clusters.\nModerately high resolution spectra of stars at the hot end of the blue HB in\nomega Cen were analysed for atmospheric parameters and abundances using LTE and\nNon-LTE model atmospheres. In the temperature range 30,000K to 50,000K we find\nthat 35% of our stars are helium-poor (log(n_He/n_H) < -2), 51% have solar\nhelium abundance within a factor of 3 (-1.5 <= log(n_He/n_H) <= -0.5) and 14%\nare helium-rich (log(n_He/n_H)> -0.4). We also find carbon enrichment in step\nwith helium enrichment, with a maximum carbon enrichment of 3% by mass. At\nleast 14% of the hottest HB stars in omega Cen show helium abundances well\nabove the highest predictions from the helium enrichment scenario (Y = 0.42\ncorresponding to log(n_He/n_H) ~ -0.74). In addition, the most helium-rich\nstars show strong carbon enrichment as predicted by the late hot flasher\nscenario. We conclude that the helium-rich HB stars in omega Cen cannot be\nexplained solely by the helium-enrichment scenario invoked to explain the blue\nmain sequence. (Abridged)\n" }, { "id": "dfbf1ac2-c50c-457e-830b-b57e1f143110", "adv_source_id": "dfbf1ac2-c50c-457e-830b-b57e1f143110", "source_id": "dfbf1ac2-c50c-457e-830b-b57e1f143110", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Absolute Proper Motions of H2O Masers Away from the Galactic Plane\n Measured with VERA in the \"Superbubble\" Region NGC 281", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on absolute proper-motion measurements of an H2O maser source in\nthe NGC 281 West molecular cloud, which is located ~320 pc above the Galactic\nplane and is associated with an HI loop extending from the Galactic plane. We\nhave conducted multi-epoch phase-referencing observations of the maser source\nwith VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry) over a monitoring period of 6\nmonths since May 2006. We find that the H2O maser features in NGC 281 West are\nsystematically moving toward the southwest and further away from the Galactic\nplane with a vertical velocity of ~20-30 km/s at its estimated distance of\n2.2-3.5 kpc. Our new results provide the most direct evidence that the gas in\nthe NGC 281 region on the HI loop was blown out from the Galactic plane, most\nlikely in a superbubble driven by multiple or sequential supernova explosions\nin the Galactic plane.\n" }, { "id": "9a2e0a15-08d7-4c6f-b0b9-e56da5d98068", "adv_source_id": "9a2e0a15-08d7-4c6f-b0b9-e56da5d98068", "source_id": "9a2e0a15-08d7-4c6f-b0b9-e56da5d98068", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bilinear Forms on the Dirichlet Space", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $\\mathcal{D}$ be the classical Dirichlet space, the Hilbert space of\nholomorphic functions on the disk. Given a holomorphic symbol function $b$ we\ndefine the associated Hankel type bilinear form, initially for polynomials f\nand g, by $T_{b}(f,g):= < fg,b >_{\\mathcal{D}} $, where we are looking at the\ninner product in the space $\\mathcal{D}$.\n We let the norm of $T_{b}$ denotes its norm as a bilinear map from\n$\\mathcal{D}\\times\\mathcal{D}$ to the complex numbers. We say a function $b$ is\nin the space $\\mathcal{X}$ if the measure $d\\mu_{b}:=| b^{\\prime}(z)| ^{2}dA$\nis a Carleson measure for $\\mathcal{D}$ and norm $\\mathcal{X}$ by $$ \\Vert\nb\\Vert_{\\mathcal{X}}:=| b(0)| +\\Vert | b^{\\prime}(z)|\n^{2}dA\\Vert_{CM(\\mathcal{D})}^{1/2}. $$\n Our main result is $T_{b}$ is bounded if and only if $b\\in\\mathcal{X}$ and $$\n\\Vert T_{b}\\Vert_{\\mathcal{D\\times D}}\\approx\\Vert b\\Vert_{\\mathcal{X}}. $$\n" }, { "id": "f687a621-8672-4a70-9ea7-1ee0f12e6f17", "adv_source_id": "f687a621-8672-4a70-9ea7-1ee0f12e6f17", "source_id": "f687a621-8672-4a70-9ea7-1ee0f12e6f17", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Free Versus Constrained Evolution of the 2+1 Equivariant Wave Map", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compare the numerical solutions of the 2+1 equivariant Wave Map problem\ncomputed with the symplectic, constraint respecting Rattle algorithm and the\nwell known fourth order Runge-Kutta method. We show the advantages of the\nRattle algorithm for constrained system compared to the free evolution with the\nRunge-Kutta method. We also present an expression, which represents the energy\nloss due to constraint violation. Taking this expression into account we can\nachieve energy conservation for the Runge-Kutta scheme, which is better than\nwith the Rattle method. Using the symplectic scheme with constraint enforcement\nwe can reproduce previous calculations of the equivariant case without imposing\nthe symmetry explicitly, thereby confirming that the critical behaviour is\nstable.\n" }, { "id": "80d63670-c809-4de0-b8fc-6349b6707280", "adv_source_id": "80d63670-c809-4de0-b8fc-6349b6707280", "source_id": "80d63670-c809-4de0-b8fc-6349b6707280", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Energy Transfer in Multi Field Inflation and Cosmological Perturbations", "prompt": null, "generation": " In cascade inflation and some other string inflation models, collisions of\nmobile branes with other branes or orbifold planes occur and lead to\ninteresting cosmological signatures. The fundamental M/string-theory\ndescription of these collisions is still lacking but it is clear that the\ninflaton looses part of its energy to some form of brane matter, e.g. a\ncomponent of tensionless strings. In the absence of a fundamental description,\nwe assume a general barotropic fluid on the brane, which absorbs part of the\ninflaton's energy. The fluid is modeled by a scalar with a suitable exponential\npotential to arrive at a full-fledged field theory model. We study numerically\nthe impact of the energy transfer from the inflaton to the scalar on curvature\nand isocurvature perturbations and demonstrate explicitly that the curvature\npower spectrum gets modulated by oscillations which damp away toward smaller\nscales. Even though, the contribution of isocurvature perturbations decays\ntoward the end of inflation, they induce curvature perturbations on scales that\nexit the horizon before the collision. We consider cases where the scalar\nbehaves like radiation, matter or a web of cosmic strings and discuss the\ndifferences in the resulting power spectra.\n" }, { "id": "e3756c19-c3bf-4a1c-b4c0-ba74bd3c79f8", "adv_source_id": "e3756c19-c3bf-4a1c-b4c0-ba74bd3c79f8", "source_id": "e3756c19-c3bf-4a1c-b4c0-ba74bd3c79f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamical Mass of the M8+M8 Binary 2MASS J22062280-2047058AB", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present Keck laser guide star adaptive optics imaging of the M8+M8 binary\n2MASS J2206-2047AB. Together with archival HST, Gemini-North, and VLT data, our\nobservations span 8.3 years of the binary's 35 year orbital period, and we\ndetermine a total dynamical mass of 0.15 (+0.05,-0.03) Msun, with the\nuncertainty dominated by the parallax error. Using the measured total mass and\nindividual luminosities, the Tucson and Lyon evolutionary models both give an\nage for the system of 0.4 (+9.6, -0.2) Gyr, which is consistent with its thin\ndisk space motion derived from the Besancon Galactic structure model. Our mass\nmeasurement combined with the Tucson (Lyon) evolutionary models also yields\nprecise effective temperatures, giving 2660+-100 K and 2640+-100K (2550+-100 K\nand 2530+-100 K) for components A and B, respectively. These temperatures are\nin good agreement with estimates for other M8 dwarfs (from the infrared flux\nmethod and the M8 mass benchmark LHS 2397aA), but atmospheric model fitting of\nthe NIR spectrum gives hotter temperatures of 2800+-100 K for both components.\nThis modest discrepancy can be explained by systematic errors in the\natmospheric models or by a slight underestimate of the distance (and thus mass\nand age) of the system. We also find the observed near-infrared colors and\nmagnitudes do not agree with those predicted by the Lyon Dusty models, given\nthe known mass.\n" }, { "id": "bdfe424d-235e-469e-bd63-c71da8a8095a", "adv_source_id": "bdfe424d-235e-469e-bd63-c71da8a8095a", "source_id": "bdfe424d-235e-469e-bd63-c71da8a8095a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Population bound effects on bosonic correlations in non-inertial frames", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyse the effect of bounding the occupation number of bosonic field\nmodes on the correlations among all the different spatial-temporal regions in a\nsetting in which we have a space-time with a horizon along with an inertial\nobserver. We show that the entanglement between A (inertial observer) and R\n(uniformly accelerated observer) depends on the bound N, contrary to the\nfermionic case. Whether or not decoherence increases with N depends on the\nvalue of the acceleration a. Concerning the bipartition A-antiR (Alice with an\nobserver in Rindler's region IV), we show that no entanglement is created\nwhatever the value of N and a. Furthermore, AR entanglement is very quickly\nlost for finite N and for infinite N. We will study in detail the mutual\ninformation conservation law found for bosons and fermions. By means of the\nboundary effects associated to N finiteness, we will show that for bosons this\nlaw stems from classical correlations while for fermions it has a quantum\norigin. Finally, we will present the strong N dependence of the entanglement in\nR-antiR bipartition and compare the fermionic cases with their finite N bosonic\nanalogs. We will also show the anti-intuitive dependence of this entanglement\non statistics since more entanglement is created for bosons than for their\nfermion counterparts.\n" }, { "id": "99ed5c6c-d77d-42bc-a3a7-0fc30e30502a", "adv_source_id": "99ed5c6c-d77d-42bc-a3a7-0fc30e30502a", "source_id": "99ed5c6c-d77d-42bc-a3a7-0fc30e30502a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Competing Particle Systems and the Ghirlanda-Guerra Identities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study point processes on the real line whose configurations X can be\nordered decreasingly and evolve by increments which are functions of correlated\ngaussian variables. The correlations are intrinsic to the points and quantified\nby a matrix Q={q_ij}. Quasi-stationary systems are those for which the law of\n(X,Q) is invariant under the evolution up to translation of X. It was\nconjectured by Aizenman and co-authors that the matrix Q of robustly\nquasi-stationary systems must exhibit a hierarchal structure. This was\nestablished recently, up to a natural decomposition of the system, whenever the\nset S_Q of values assumed by q_ij is finite. In this paper, we study the\ngeneral case where S_Q may be infinite. Using the past increments of the\nevolution, we show that the law of robustly quasi-stationary systems must obey\nthe Ghirlanda-Guerra identities, which first appear in the study of spin glass\nmodels. This provides strong evidence that the above conjecture also holds in\nthe general case.\n" }, { "id": "917359ad-c93b-497d-b7ca-9fbe1aa96378", "adv_source_id": "917359ad-c93b-497d-b7ca-9fbe1aa96378", "source_id": "917359ad-c93b-497d-b7ca-9fbe1aa96378", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulations of 2D magnetic electron drift vortex mode turbulence in\n plasmas", "prompt": null, "generation": " Simulations are performed to investigate turbulent properties of nonlinearly\ninteracting two-dimensional (2D) magnetic electron drift vortex (MEDV) modes in\na nonuniform unmagnetized plasma. The relevant nonlinear equations governing\nthe dynamics of the MEDV modes are the wave magnetic field and electron\ntemperature perturbations in the presence of the equilibrium density and\ntemperature gradients. The important nonlinearities come from the advection of\nthe electron fluid velocity perturbation and the electron temperature, as well\nas from the nonlinear electron Lorentz force. Computer simulations of the\ngoverning equations for the nonlinear MEDV modes reveal the generation of\nstreamer-like electron flows, such that the corresponding gradients in the\ndirection of the inhomogeneities tend to flatten out. By contrast, the\ngradients in an orthogonal direction vary rapidly. Consequently, the inertial\nrange energy spectrum in decaying MEDV mode turbulence exhibits a much steeper\nanisotropic spectral index. The magnetic structures in the MEDV mode turbulence\nproduce nonthermal electron transport in our nonuniform plasma.\n" }, { "id": "1ad1bc8e-dbef-4ce0-967e-dde2a1ca576e", "adv_source_id": "1ad1bc8e-dbef-4ce0-967e-dde2a1ca576e", "source_id": "1ad1bc8e-dbef-4ce0-967e-dde2a1ca576e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Weak and strong fillability of higher dimensional contact manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " For contact manifolds in dimension three, the notions of weak and strong\nsymplectic fillability and tightness are all known to be inequivalent. We\nextend these facts to higher dimensions: in particular, we define a natural\ngeneralization of weak fillings and prove that it is indeed weaker (at least in\ndimension five),while also being obstructed by all known manifestations of\n\"overtwistedness\". We also find the first examples of contact manifolds in all\ndimensions that are not symplectically fillable but also cannot be called\novertwisted in any reasonable sense. These depend on a higher-dimensional\nanalogue of Giroux torsion, which we define via the existence in all dimensions\nof exact symplectic manifolds with disconnected contact boundary.\n" }, { "id": "cc1c5a48-c83c-46b6-ba6d-d1bdb60e92e1", "adv_source_id": "cc1c5a48-c83c-46b6-ba6d-d1bdb60e92e1", "source_id": "cc1c5a48-c83c-46b6-ba6d-d1bdb60e92e1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theoretical studies of spin-dependent electronic transport in\n ferromagnetically contacted graphene flakes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Based on a tight-binding model and a recursive Green's function technique,\nspin-depentent ballistic transport through tinny graphene sheets (flakes) is\nstudied. The main interest is focussed on: electrical conductivity, giant\nmagnetoresistance (GMR) and shot noise. It is shown that when graphene flakes\nare sandwiched between two ferromagnetic electrodes, the resulting GMR\ncoefficient may be quite significant. This statement holds true both for zigzag\nand armchair chiralities, as well as for different aspect (width/length)\nratios. Remarkably, in absolute values the GMR of the armchair-edge graphene\nflakes is systematically greater than that corresponding to the zigzag-edge\ngraphene flakes. This finding is attributed to the different degree of\nconduction channel mixing for the two chiralities in question. It is also shown\nthat for big aspect ratio flakes, 3-dimensional end-contacted leads, very much\nlike invasive contacts, result in non-universal behavior of both conductivity\nand Fano factor.\n" }, { "id": "8cdef1f7-bac2-4919-a9be-50f5fbedb0df", "adv_source_id": "8cdef1f7-bac2-4919-a9be-50f5fbedb0df", "source_id": "8cdef1f7-bac2-4919-a9be-50f5fbedb0df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Signs of analyticity in fermion scattering", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that the signs of the leading irrelevant interactions for Dirac\nfermions are constrained by the analytic structure of the S-matrix. If Regge\nbehavior obtains, negative signs indicate the presence of higher-spin bound\nstates that spoil the convergence of the dispersion integrals and drive the\ncorresponding operators relevant. For nucleon-nucleon scattering, the\nnegativity of some of the low-energy interactions signals the presence of a\nspin-1 bound state: the deuteron. We connect the divergence of the dispersion\nintegral to the \"Sommerfeld enhancement\" of the cross-section for low-energy\nscattering. We also discuss how this illuminates potential pitfalls in using\nperturbative methods to understand the dependence of the low-energy nuclear\ninteraction on the masses of the light quarks. Finally, we suggest the\npossibility of applying similar reasoning to the current-current operators in\nthe electroweak effective lagrangian, where no bound states spoil convergence\nof the dispersion relations.\n" }, { "id": "df78fb7c-491c-4145-bdf0-eb95a2cadad3", "adv_source_id": "df78fb7c-491c-4145-bdf0-eb95a2cadad3", "source_id": "df78fb7c-491c-4145-bdf0-eb95a2cadad3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unitarity and universality with kaon physics at KLOE", "prompt": null, "generation": " All relevant inputs for the extraction of the CKM matrix element \\vus from\n\\kl, \\ks and \\kpm decays have been measured at KLOE. From a global fit using\nonly KLOE results, but \\ks lifetime, a value of $|\\vus|\\fzero = 0.2157 \\pm\n0.0006$ is obtained, where \\fzero is the form factor parametrizing the hadronic\nmatrix element evaluated at zero momentum transfer. Comparison of the values of\n\\fVus for $K_{e3}$ and $K_{\\mu3}$ modes provides a test of lepton universality\nat 0.8% level of accuracy. The value $\\vus/\\vud=0.2323(15)$ has been obtained\nfrom the ratio $\\Gamma(K\\to\\mu \\nu)/\\Gamma(\\pi\\to\\mu \\nu)$ using KLOE\nmeasurement of $\\BR(\\kpm \\to \\mudue)$ and lattice calculation of the ratio of\ndecay constants $f_K/f_{\\pi}$. These results, together with $\\vud =\n0.97418(26)$, are compatible at 0.6$\\sigma$ level with CKM matrix unitarity.\nThe universality of lepton and quark weak couplings can be tested and\nconstraints on new physics extensions of the Standard Model can be set using\nthese very precise measurements from kaon decays.\n" }, { "id": "d9b85cb7-a167-40d1-88a7-36f192ae1901", "adv_source_id": "d9b85cb7-a167-40d1-88a7-36f192ae1901", "source_id": "d9b85cb7-a167-40d1-88a7-36f192ae1901", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Fascinating Polynomial Sequence arising from an Electrostatics Problem\n on the Sphere", "prompt": null, "generation": " A positive unit point charge approaching from infinity a perfectly spherical\nisolated conductor carrying a total charge of +1 will eventually cause a\nnegatively charged spherical cap to appear. The determination of the smallest\ndistance $\\rho(d)$ ($d$ is the dimension of the unit sphere) from the point\ncharge to the sphere where still all of the sphere is positively charged is\nknown as Gonchar's problem. Using classical potential theory for the harmonic\ncase, we show that $1+\\rho(d)$ is equal to the largest positive zero of a\ncertain sequence of monic polynomials of degree $2d-1$ with integer\ncoefficients which we call Gonchar polynomials. Rather surprisingly, $\\rho(2)$\nis the Golden ratio and $\\rho(4)$ the lesser known Plastic number. But Gonchar\npolynomials have other interesting properties. We discuss their factorizations,\ninvestigate their zeros and present some challenging conjectures.\n" }, { "id": "4a31cf67-74b4-4642-b935-2378bb36aa19", "adv_source_id": "4a31cf67-74b4-4642-b935-2378bb36aa19", "source_id": "4a31cf67-74b4-4642-b935-2378bb36aa19", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Klebanov-Witten flows in M-theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study renormalization group flows among three dimensional superconformal\ngauge theories which closely resemble the renowned Klebanov-Witten flow in four\ndimensions. In the large N limit, each theory appearing in the flow is\nholographically dual to M-theory on AdS4 times a toric Sasaki-Einstein\nseven-manifold. The theories are obtained through the so-called flavoring\nmethod, which adds some fundamental matter fields to the dimensionally reduced\nKlebanov-Witten theories. We reconfirm the matching between the gauge theories\nand the dual geometries by comparing the chiral ring structure. As a more\nrefined test of the flows, we compute the three-sphere partition function of\nthe gauge theories. The square of the free energy, inversely proportional to\nthe volume of the seven-manifold, decreases by a universal ratio 16/27 for all\nflows considered in this paper.\n" }, { "id": "43c46ed8-3e5c-4015-985b-fd6c43416fab", "adv_source_id": "43c46ed8-3e5c-4015-985b-fd6c43416fab", "source_id": "43c46ed8-3e5c-4015-985b-fd6c43416fab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Relativity as a Consequence of Quantum Entanglement: A Quantum Logic\n Gate Space Model for the Universe", "prompt": null, "generation": " Everything in the Universe is assumed to be compromised of pure reversible\nquantum Toffoli gates, including empty space itself. Empty space can be\nconfigured into photon or matter gates simply by swapping logic input\ninformation with these entities through the phenomenon of quantum mechanical\nentanglement between photons and empty space Toffoli gates. The essential\ndifference between empty space, photons and matter gates are the logic input\nvalues of their respective Toffoli gates. Empty space is characterized by an\ninability for the logic inputs to influence the internal logic state of its\nToffoli gates since the control lines are set to logic 0. Photons and matter\nare characterized by Toffoli gates where the control lines are set to logic 1\nenabling their logic inputs to control their internal logic states allowing for\ntheir interaction according to the laws of physics associated with reality.\nPhotons swapping logic input information with empty space results in the\npropagation of light. Photons facilitating the swapping of information between\nmatter and empty space gates leads to the laws of motion including relativity.\nThis model enables the derivation of many physical laws from purely quantum\nmechanical considerations including the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the\nLorentz transformations of special relativity, and the relationship between\nrelativistic energy and mass. The model provides a possible explanation for\nmany physical phenomena including dark matter, anti-matter, and an inflationary\nUniverse.\n" }, { "id": "70cfb166-dcee-48dd-bda6-80be386b81a5", "adv_source_id": "70cfb166-dcee-48dd-bda6-80be386b81a5", "source_id": "70cfb166-dcee-48dd-bda6-80be386b81a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimum and efficient sampling for variational quantum Monte Carlo", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum mechanics for many-body systems may be reduced to the evaluation of\nintegrals in 3N dimensions using Monte-Carlo, providing the Quantum Monte Carlo\nab initio methods. Here we limit ourselves to expectation values for trial\nwavefunctions, that is to Variational quantum Monte Carlo. Almost all previous\nimplementations employ samples distributed as the physical probability density\nof the trial wavefunction, and assume the Central Limit Theorem to be valid. In\nthis paper we provide an analysis of random error in estimation and\noptimisation that leads naturally to new sampling strategies with improved\ncomputational and statistical properties. A rigorous lower limit to the random\nerror is derived, and an efficient sampling strategy presented that\nsignificantly increases computational efficiency. In addition the infinite\nvariance heavy tailed random errors of optimum parameters in conventional\nmethods are replaced with a Normal random error, strengthening the theoretical\nbasis of optimisation. The method is applied to a number of first-row systems,\nand compared with previously published results.\n" }, { "id": "e60a1cf7-f1d7-4776-8809-5b57cf23f3a8", "adv_source_id": "e60a1cf7-f1d7-4776-8809-5b57cf23f3a8", "source_id": "e60a1cf7-f1d7-4776-8809-5b57cf23f3a8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Formation of bulk ferromagnetic nanostructured Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloys by\n metastable liquid spinodal decomposition", "prompt": null, "generation": " Nanostructured Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloys ingots of diameter 3~5 mm could be\nsynthesised by a metastable liquid state spinodal decomposition method. The\nmolten Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloy was purified by means of the fluxing technique and\nthus a large undercooling could be achieved. For undercooling Delta T > 260 K,\nthe microstructure of the undercooled specimen had exhibited liquid state\nspinodal decomposition in the undercooled liquid state. The microstructure\ncould be described as two intertwining networks with small grains dispersed in\nthem. For undercooling Delta T > 290 K, the overall microstructure of the\nspecimen changed into a granular morphology. The average grain sizes of the\nsmall and large grains are ~ 30 nm and ~ 80 nm, respectively. These prepared\nsamples are soft magnets with saturation magnetization Bs ~0.744 T.\n" }, { "id": "e1fb4ae7-4e81-43d4-b2a2-11f425ac033a", "adv_source_id": "e1fb4ae7-4e81-43d4-b2a2-11f425ac033a", "source_id": "e1fb4ae7-4e81-43d4-b2a2-11f425ac033a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Microstructural magnetic phases in superconducting FeTe0.65Se0.35", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we address a number of outstanding issues concerning the\nnature and the role of magnetic inhomogenities in the iron chalcogenide system\nFeTe1-xSex and their correlation with superconductivity in this system. We\nreport morphology of superconducting single crystals of FeTe0.65Se0.35 studied\nwith transmission electron microscopy, high angle annular dark field scanning\ntransmission electron microscopy and their magnetic and superconducting\nproperties characterized with magnetization, specific heat and magnetic\nresonance spectroscopy. Our data demonstrate a presence of nanometre scale\nhexagonal regions coexisting with tetragonal host lattice, a chemical disorder\ndemonstrating non homogeneous distribution of host atoms in the crystal\nlattice, as well as hundreds-of-nanometres-long iron-deficient bands. From\nmagnetic data and ferromagnetic resonance temperature dependence, we attribute\nmagnetic phases in Fe-Te-Se to Fe3O4 inclusions and to hexagonal symmetry\nnanometre scale regions with structure of Fe7Se8 type. Our results suggest that\nnonhomogeneous distribution of host atoms might be an intrinsic feature of\nsuperconducting Fe-Te-Se chalcogenides and we find a surprising correlation\nindicating that faster grown crystal of inferior crystallographic properties is\na better superconductor.\n" }, { "id": "e8e46ab4-6c70-46aa-a0cc-1c302da90993", "adv_source_id": "e8e46ab4-6c70-46aa-a0cc-1c302da90993", "source_id": "e8e46ab4-6c70-46aa-a0cc-1c302da90993", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Determination of the Bending Rigidity of Graphene via Electrostatic\n Actuation of Buckled Membranes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The small mass and atomic-scale thickness of graphene membranes make them\nhighly suitable for nanoelectromechanical devices such as e.g. mass sensors,\nhigh frequency resonators or memory elements. Although only atomically thick,\nmany of the mechanical properties of graphene membranes can be described by\nclassical continuum mechanics. An important parameter for predicting the\nperformance and linearity of graphene nanoelectromechanical devices as well as\nfor describing ripple formation and other properties such as electron\nscattering mechanisms, is the bending rigidity, {\\kappa}. In spite of the\nimportance of this parameter it has so far only been estimated indirectly for\nmonolayer graphene from the phonon spectrum of graphite, estimated from AFM\nmeasurements or predicted from ab initio calculations or bond-order potential\nmodels. Here, we employ a new approach to the experimental determination of\n{\\kappa} by exploiting the snap-through instability in pre-buckled graphene\nmembranes. We demonstrate the reproducible fabrication of convex buckled\ngraphene membranes by controlling the thermal stress during the fabrication\nprocedure and show the abrupt switching from convex to concave geometry that\noccurs when electrostatic pressure is applied via an underlying gate electrode.\nThe bending rigidity of bilayer graphene membranes under ambient conditions was\ndetermined to be $35.5^{+20}_{-15}$ eV. Monolayers have significantly lower\n{\\kappa} than bilayers.\n" }, { "id": "c0b86618-9220-41bd-bbc2-e71930a42f21", "adv_source_id": "c0b86618-9220-41bd-bbc2-e71930a42f21", "source_id": "c0b86618-9220-41bd-bbc2-e71930a42f21", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bandgaps and band bowing in semiconductor alloys", "prompt": null, "generation": " The bandgap and band bowing parameter of semiconductor alloys are calculated\nwith a fast and realistic approach. The method is a dielectric scaling\napproximation that is based on a scissor approximation. It adds an energy shift\nto the bandgap provided by the local density approximation (LDA) of the density\nfunctional theory (DFT). The energy shift consists of a material-independent\nconstant weighted by the inverse of the high-frequency dielectric constant. The\nsalient feature of the approach is the fast calculation of the dielectric\nconstant of alloys via the Green function (GF) of the TB-LMTO (tight-binding\nlinear muffin-tin orbitals) in the atomic sphere approximation (ASA). When it\nis applied to highly mismatched semiconductor alloys (HMAs) like Zn Te$_x$\nSe$_{1-x}$, this method provides a band bowing parameter that is different from\nthe band bowing parameter calculated with the LDA due to the bowing exhibited\nalso by the high-frequency dielectric constant.\n" }, { "id": "86822a64-55b2-4058-8860-59b16e7bd2fc", "adv_source_id": "86822a64-55b2-4058-8860-59b16e7bd2fc", "source_id": "86822a64-55b2-4058-8860-59b16e7bd2fc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin injection from a half-metal at finite temperatures", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spin injection from a half-metallic electrode in the presence of thermal spin\ndisorder is analyzed using a combination of random matrix theory,\nspin-diffusion theory, and explicit simulations for the tight-binding s-d\nmodel. It is shown that efficient spin injection from a half-metal is possible\nas long as the effective resistance of the normal metal does not exceed a\ncharacteristic value, which does not depend on the resistance of the\nhalf-metallic electrode, but is rather controlled by spin-flip scattering at\nthe interface. This condition can be formulated as \\alpha<(l/L)/T, where \\alpha\nis the relative deviation of the magnetization from saturation, l and L the\nmean-free path and the spin-diffusion length in the non-magnetic channel, and T\nthe transparency of the tunnel barrier at the interface (if present). The\ngeneral conclusions are confirmed by tight-binding s-d model calculations. A\nrough estimate suggests that efficient spin injection from true half-metallic\nferromagnets into silicon or copper may be possible at room temperature across\na transparent interface.\n" }, { "id": "c70c2f76-9269-40ec-ba11-3533d2124509", "adv_source_id": "c70c2f76-9269-40ec-ba11-3533d2124509", "source_id": "c70c2f76-9269-40ec-ba11-3533d2124509", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The universally growing mode in the solar atmosphere: coronal heating by\n drift waves", "prompt": null, "generation": " The heating of the plasma in the solar atmosphere is discussed within both\nframeworks of fluid and kinetic drift wave theory. We show that the basic\ningredient necessary for the heating is the presence of density gradients in\nthe direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector. Such density\ngradients are a source of free energy for the excitation of drift waves. We use\nonly well established basic theory, verified experimentally in laboratory\nplasmas. Two mechanisms of the energy exchange and heating are shown to take\nplace simultaneously: one due to the Landau effect in the direction parallel to\nthe magnetic field, and another one, stochastic heating, in the perpendicular\ndirection. The stochastic heating i) is due to the electrostatic nature of the\nwaves, ii) is more effective on ions than on electrons, iii) acts predominantly\nin the perpendicular direction, iv) heats heavy ions more efficiently than\nlighter ions, and v) may easily provide a drift wave heating rate that is\norders of magnitude above the value that is presently believed to be sufficient\nfor the coronal heating, i.e., $\\simeq 6 \\cdot 10^{-5} $J/(m$^3$s) for active\nregions and $\\simeq 8 \\cdot 10^{-6} $J/(m$^3$s) for coronal holes. This heating\nacts naturally through well known effects that are, however, beyond the current\nstandard models and theories.\n" }, { "id": "69a58db0-7d87-4962-a046-245c03e7bdb2", "adv_source_id": "69a58db0-7d87-4962-a046-245c03e7bdb2", "source_id": "69a58db0-7d87-4962-a046-245c03e7bdb2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strong dependence of ultracold chemical rates on electric dipole moments", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use the quantum threshold laws combined with a classical capture model to\nprovide an analytical estimate of the chemical quenching cross sections and\nrate coefficients of two colliding particles at ultralow temperatures. We apply\nthis quantum threshold model (QT model) to indistinguishable fermionic polar\nmolecules in an electric field. At ultracold temperatures and in weak electric\nfields, the cross sections and rate coefficients depend only weakly on the\nelectric dipole moment d induced by the electric field. In stronger electric\nfields, the quenching processes scale as d^{4(L+1/2)} where L>0 is the orbital\nangular momentum quantum number between the two colliding particles. For p-wave\ncollisions (L=1) of indistinguishable fermionic polar molecules at ultracold\ntemperatures, the quenching rate thus scales as d^6. We also apply this model\nto pure two dimensional collisions and find that chemical rates vanish as\nd^{-4} for ultracold indistinguishable fermions. This model provides a quick\nand intuitive way to estimate chemical rate coefficients of reactions occuring\nwith high probability.\n" }, { "id": "987b2d89-89e5-41f5-8ada-2757246431be", "adv_source_id": "987b2d89-89e5-41f5-8ada-2757246431be", "source_id": "987b2d89-89e5-41f5-8ada-2757246431be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic diffusion driven shear instability of solar flux tubes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Macroscopic gas motions are widespread throughout the solar atmosphere and\nshearing motions couple to the non--ideal effects, destabilising low frequency\nfluctuations in the medium. The origin of this non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic\ninstability lies in the collisional coupling of the neutral particles to the\nmagnetized plasma in the presence of a sheared background flow. Unsurprisingly,\nthe maximum growth rate and most unstable wavenumber depend on the flow\ngradient and ambient diffusivities.\n The orientation of the magnetic field, velocity shears and perturbation wave\nvector play a crucial role in assisting the instability. When the magnetic\nfield and wave vector are both vertical, ambipolar and Ohm diffusion can be\ncombined as Pedersen diffusion and cause only damping; in this case only Hall\ndrift in tandem with shear flow drives the instability. However, for\nnon-vertical fields and oblique wave vectors, both ambipolar diffusion and Hall\ndrift are destabilizing.\n We investigate the stability of magnetic elements in the network and\ninternetwork regions. The shear scale is not yet observationally determined,\nbut assuming a typical shear flow gradient $\\sim 0.1 \\,\\mbox{s}^{-1}$ we show\nthat the magnetic diffusion shear instability grows on a time scale of one\nminute. Thus, it is plausible that network--internetwork magnetic elements are\nsubject to this fast growing, diffusive shear instability, which could play an\nimportant role in driving low frequency turbulence in the plasma in the solar\nphotosphere and chromosphere.\n" }, { "id": "cb09b4c4-d3a5-402a-b6f9-4eb59d0dbfbb", "adv_source_id": "cb09b4c4-d3a5-402a-b6f9-4eb59d0dbfbb", "source_id": "cb09b4c4-d3a5-402a-b6f9-4eb59d0dbfbb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scaling limits of recurrent excited random walks on integers", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe scaling limits of recurrent excited random walks (ERWs) on\nintegers in i.i.d. cookie environments with a bounded number of cookies per\nsite. We allow both positive and negative excitations. It is known that ERW is\nrecurrent if and only if the expected total drift per site, delta, belongs to\nthe interval [-1,1]. We show that if |delta|<1 then the diffusively scaled ERW\nunder the averaged measure converges to a (delta,-delta)-perturbed Brownian\nmotion. In the boundary case, |delta|=1, the space scaling has to be adjusted\nby an extra logarithmic term, and the weak limit of ERW happens to be a\nconstant multiple of the running maximum of the standard Brownian motion, a\ntransient process.\n" }, { "id": "d8d351fe-246c-4204-92ba-870fa00b3c35", "adv_source_id": "d8d351fe-246c-4204-92ba-870fa00b3c35", "source_id": "d8d351fe-246c-4204-92ba-870fa00b3c35", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Leo Breiman: An important intellectual and personal force in statistics,\n my life and that of many others", "prompt": null, "generation": " I first met Leo Breiman in 1979 at the beginning of his third career,\nProfessor of Statistics at Berkeley. He obtained his PhD with Lo\\'eve at\nBerkeley in 1957. His first career was as a probabilist in the Mathematics\nDepartment at UCLA. After distinguished research, including the\nShannon--Breiman--MacMillan Theorem and getting tenure, he decided that his\nreal interest was in applied statistics, so he resigned his position at UCLA\nand set up as a consultant. Before doing so he produced two classic texts,\nProbability, now reprinted as a SIAM Classic in Applied Mathematics, and\nStatistics. Both books reflected his strong opinion that intuition and rigor\nmust be combined. He expressed this in his probability book which he viewed as\na combination of his learning the right hand of probability, rigor, from\nLo\\'eve, and the left-hand, intuition, from David Blackwell.\n" }, { "id": "33d28642-1de4-4b4f-9ff6-aad3b2996caf", "adv_source_id": "33d28642-1de4-4b4f-9ff6-aad3b2996caf", "source_id": "33d28642-1de4-4b4f-9ff6-aad3b2996caf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum-State Controlled Chemical Reactions of Ultracold KRb Molecules", "prompt": null, "generation": " How does a chemical reaction proceed at ultralow temperatures? Can simple\nquantum mechanical rules such as quantum statistics, single scattering partial\nwaves, and quantum threshold laws provide a clear understanding for the\nmolecular reactivity under a vanishing collision energy? Starting with an\noptically trapped near quantum degenerate gas of polar $^{40}$K$^{87}$Rb\nmolecules prepared in their absolute ground state, we report experimental\nevidence for exothermic atom-exchange chemical reactions. When these fermionic\nmolecules are prepared in a single quantum state at a temperature of a few\nhundreds of nanoKelvins, we observe p-wave-dominated quantum threshold\ncollisions arising from tunneling through an angular momentum barrier followed\nby a near-unity probability short-range chemical reaction. When these molecules\nare prepared in two different internal states or when molecules and atoms are\nbrought together, the reaction rates are enhanced by a factor of 10 to 100 due\nto s-wave scattering, which does not have a centrifugal barrier. The measured\nrates agree with predicted universal loss rates related to the two-body van der\nWaals length.\n" }, { "id": "fe828120-e659-426a-b8dd-04bee0cdabf3", "adv_source_id": "fe828120-e659-426a-b8dd-04bee0cdabf3", "source_id": "fe828120-e659-426a-b8dd-04bee0cdabf3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-universal gaugino masses and implications on the dark matter and\n Higgs searches", "prompt": null, "generation": " Non-universal boundary conditions in grand unified theories can lead to\nnon-universal gaugino masses at the unification scale. In R-parity preserving\ntheories the lightest supersymmetric particle is a natural candidate for the\ndark matter. We have studied the composition of the lightest neutralino in\nnon-universal gaugino mass cases from the SU(5), and implications on the dark\nmatter. In the representations of SU(5) thermal relic density agreeing with\nWMAP is found. The possibility to observe the neutral MSSM Higgs bosons (h/H/A)\nat the LHC via neutralino cascades when the lightest neutralino is dark matter,\nis discussed for the representation 24, and the connection to dark matter is\nestablished.\n" }, { "id": "92efc422-21a9-49e0-8d85-4779635afb7b", "adv_source_id": "92efc422-21a9-49e0-8d85-4779635afb7b", "source_id": "92efc422-21a9-49e0-8d85-4779635afb7b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Solving a Flexible Job Shop Scheduling\n Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " Flexible job shop scheduling has been noticed as an effective manufacturing\nsystem to cope with rapid development in today's competitive environment.\nFlexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) is known as a NP-hard problem in\nthe field of optimization. Considering the dynamic state of the real world\nmakes this problem more and more complicated. Most studies in the field of\nFJSSP have only focused on minimizing the total makespan. In this paper, a\nmathematical model for FJSSP has been developed. The objective function is\nmaximizing the total profit while meeting some constraints. Time-varying raw\nmaterial costs and selling prices and dissimilar demands for each period, have\nbeen considered to decrease gaps between reality and the model. A manufacturer\nthat produces various parts of gas valves has been used as a case study. Its\nscheduling problem for multi-part, multi-period, and multi-operation with\nparallel machines has been solved by using genetic algorithm (GA). The best\nobtained answer determines the economic amount of production by different\nmachines that belong to predefined operations for each part to satisfy customer\ndemand in each period.\n" }, { "id": "c3b38275-4482-400a-abd6-2af8a16b938c", "adv_source_id": "c3b38275-4482-400a-abd6-2af8a16b938c", "source_id": "c3b38275-4482-400a-abd6-2af8a16b938c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum algorithms for testing Boolean functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss quantum algorithms, based on the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm, for\nfinding which variables a Boolean function depends on. There are 2^n possible\nlinear Boolean functions of n variables; given a linear Boolean function, the\nBernstein-Vazirani quantum algorithm can deterministically identify which one\nof these Boolean functions we are given using just one single function query.\nThe same quantum algorithm can also be used to learn which input variables\nother types of Boolean functions depend on, with a success probability that\ndepends on the form of the Boolean function that is tested, but does not depend\non the total number of input variables. We also outline a procedure to futher\namplify the success probability, based on another quantum algorithm, the Grover\nsearch.\n" }, { "id": "604d26ad-5b65-4a1d-81c0-a4958e9c64ba", "adv_source_id": "604d26ad-5b65-4a1d-81c0-a4958e9c64ba", "source_id": "604d26ad-5b65-4a1d-81c0-a4958e9c64ba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A comprehensive overview of the Cold Spot", "prompt": null, "generation": " The report of a significant deviation of the CMB temperature anisotropies\ndistribution from Gaussianity (soon after the public release of the WMAP data\nin 2003) has become one of the most solid WMAP anomalies. This detection\ngrounds on an excess of the kurtosis of the Spherical Mexican Hat Wavelet\ncoefficients at scales of around 10 degrees. At these scales, a prominent\nfeature --located in the southern Galactic hemisphere-- was highlighted from\nthe rest of the SMHW coefficients: the Cold Spot. This article presents a\ncomprehensive overview related to the study of the Cold Spot, paying attention\nto the non-Gaussianity detection methods, the morphological characteristics of\nthe Cold Spot, and the possible sources studied in the literature to explain\nits nature. Special emphasis is made on the Cold Spot compatibility with a\ncosmic texture, commenting on future tests that would help to give support or\ndiscard this hypothesis.\n" }, { "id": "919558b3-1c76-4bab-8de9-0635ad31e0b6", "adv_source_id": "919558b3-1c76-4bab-8de9-0635ad31e0b6", "source_id": "919558b3-1c76-4bab-8de9-0635ad31e0b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Three-magnon problem for exactly rung-dimerized spin ladders: from\n general outlook to Bethe Ansatze", "prompt": null, "generation": " Three-magnon problem for exactly rung-dimerized spin ladder is brought up\nseparately at all total spin sectors. At first a special duality transformation\nof the $\\rm Schr\\ddot odinger$ equation is found within general outlook. Then\nthe problem is treated within Coordinate Bethe Ansatze. A straightforward\napproach is developed to obtain pure scattering states. At values S=0 and S=3\nof total spin the $\\rm Schr\\ddot odinger$ equation has the form inherent in the\n$XXZ$ chain. For $S=1,2$ solvability holds only in five previously found {\\it\ncompletely integrable} cases. Nevertheless a partial S=1 Bethe solution always\nexists even for general non integrable model. Pure scattering states for all\ntotal spin sectors are presented explicitly.\n" }, { "id": "b5738ee2-0b08-4a2c-8d68-a24c36aed39c", "adv_source_id": "b5738ee2-0b08-4a2c-8d68-a24c36aed39c", "source_id": "b5738ee2-0b08-4a2c-8d68-a24c36aed39c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasilocal Conservation Laws: Why We Need Them", "prompt": null, "generation": " We argue that conservation laws based on the local matter-only\nstress-energy-momentum tensor (characterized by energy and momentum per unit\nvolume) cannot adequately explain a wide variety of even very simple physical\nphenomena because they fail to properly account for gravitational effects. We\nconstruct a general quasi}local conservation law based on the Brown and York\ntotal (matter plus gravity) stress-energy-momentum tensor (characterized by\nenergy and momentum per unit area), and argue that it does properly account for\ngravitational effects. As a simple example of the explanatory power of this\nquasilocal approach, consider that, when we accelerate toward a freely-floating\nmassive object, the kinetic energy of that object increases (relative to our\nframe). But how, exactly, does the object acquire this increasing kinetic\nenergy? Using the energy form of our quasilocal conservation law, we can see\nprecisely the actual mechanism by which the kinetic energy increases: It is due\nto a bona fide gravitational energy flux that is exactly analogous to the\nelectromagnetic Poynting flux, and involves the general relativistic effect of\nframe dragging caused by the object's motion relative to us.\n" }, { "id": "41314539-1df0-47f2-8b3c-e9cf89597f88", "adv_source_id": "41314539-1df0-47f2-8b3c-e9cf89597f88", "source_id": "41314539-1df0-47f2-8b3c-e9cf89597f88", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Small-Scale Physical Structure and Fragmentation Difference of Two\n Embedded Intermediate Mass Protostars in Orion", "prompt": null, "generation": " Intermediate mass protostars, the bridge between the very common solar-like\nprotostars and the more massive, but rarer, O and B stars, can only be studied\nat high physical spatial resolutions in a handful of clouds. In this paper we\npresent and analyze the continuum results from an observing campaign at the\nSubmillimeter Array targeting two well-studied intermediate mass protostars in\nOrion, NGC 2071 and L1641 S3 MMS 1. The extended SMA (eSMA) probes structure at\nangular resolutions up to 0.2\", revealing protostellar disks on scales of 200\nAU. Continuum flux measurements on these scales indicate that a significant\namount of mass, a few tens of M{\\odot}, are present. Envelope, stellar, and\ndisk masses are derived using both compact, extended and eSMA configurations\nand compared against SED-fitting models. We hypothesize that fragmentation into\nthree components occurred within NGC 2071 at an early time, when the envelopes\nwere less than 10% of their current masses, e.g. < 0.5 M{\\odot}. No\nfragmentation occurred for L1641 S3 MMS 1. For NGC 2071 evidence is given that\nthe bulk of the envelope material currently around each source was accreted\nafter the initial fragmentation. In addition, about 30% of the total core mass\nis not yet associated to one of the three sources. A global accretion model is\nfavored and a potential accretion history of NGC 2071 is presented. It is shown\nthat the relatively low level of fragmentation in NGC 2071 was stifled compared\nto the expected fragmentation from a Jean's argument.\n" }, { "id": "80649a03-a8da-4764-ac64-7ed2695497db", "adv_source_id": "80649a03-a8da-4764-ac64-7ed2695497db", "source_id": "80649a03-a8da-4764-ac64-7ed2695497db", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improved contact prediction in proteins: Using pseudolikelihoods to\n infer Potts models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spatially proximate amino acids in a protein tend to coevolve. A protein's\nthree-dimensional (3D) structure hence leaves an echo of correlations in the\nevolutionary record. Reverse engineering 3D structures from such correlations\nis an open problem in structural biology, pursued with increasing vigor as more\nand more protein sequences continue to fill the data banks. Within this task\nlies a statistical inference problem, rooted in the following: correlation\nbetween two sites in a protein sequence can arise from firsthand interaction\nbut can also be network-propagated via intermediate sites; observed correlation\nis not enough to guarantee proximity. To separate direct from indirect\ninteractions is an instance of the general problem of inverse statistical\nmechanics, where the task is to learn model parameters (fields, couplings) from\nobservables (magnetizations, correlations, samples) in large systems. In the\ncontext of protein sequences, the approach has been referred to as\ndirect-coupling analysis. Here we show that the pseudolikelihood method,\napplied to 21-state Potts models describing the statistical properties of\nfamilies of evolutionarily related proteins, significantly outperforms existing\napproaches to the direct-coupling analysis, the latter being based on standard\nmean-field techniques. This improved performance also relies on a modified\nscore for the coupling strength. The results are verified using known crystal\nstructures of specific sequence instances of various protein families. Code\nimplementing the new method can be found at http://plmdca.csc.kth.se/.\n" }, { "id": "0384054e-3c59-4e5b-a608-bf4f120cba1d", "adv_source_id": "0384054e-3c59-4e5b-a608-bf4f120cba1d", "source_id": "0384054e-3c59-4e5b-a608-bf4f120cba1d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Crab cavities for linear colliders", "prompt": null, "generation": " Crab cavities have been proposed for a wide number of accelerators and\ninterest in crab cavities has recently increased after the successful operation\nof a pair of crab cavities in KEK-B. In particular crab cavities are required\nfor both the ILC and CLIC linear colliders for bunch alignment. Consideration\nof bunch structure and size constraints favour a 3.9 GHz superconducting,\nmulti-cell cavity as the solution for ILC, whilst bunch structure and\nbeam-loading considerations suggest an X-band copper travelling wave structure\nfor CLIC. These two cavity solutions are very different in design but share\ncomplex design issues. Phase stabilisation, beam loading, wakefields and mode\ndamping are fundamental issues for these crab cavities. Requirements and\npotential design solutions will be discussed for both colliders.\n" }, { "id": "0f19cc9c-5e44-4c90-b5b5-98a384d1f26e", "adv_source_id": "0f19cc9c-5e44-4c90-b5b5-98a384d1f26e", "source_id": "0f19cc9c-5e44-4c90-b5b5-98a384d1f26e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimizing Constellations for Single-Subcarrier Intensity-Modulated\n Optical Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We optimize modulation formats for the additive white Gaussian noise channel\nwith nonnegative input, also known as the intensity-modulated direct-detection\nchannel, with and without confining them to a lattice structure. Our\noptimization criteria are the average electrical, average optical, and peak\npower. The nonnegative constraint on the input to the channel is translated\ninto a conical constraint in signal space, and modulation formats are designed\nby sphere packing inside this cone. Some dense packings are found, which yield\nmore power-efficient modulation formats than previously known. For example, at\na spectral efficiency of 1.5 bit/s/Hz, the modulation format optimized for\naverage electrical power has a 2.55 dB average electrical power gain over the\nbest known format to achieve a symbol error rate of 10^-6. The corresponding\ngains for formats optimized for average and peak optical power are 1.35 and\n1.72 dB, respectively. Using modulation formats optimized for peak power in\naverage-power limited systems results in a smaller power penalty than when\nusing formats optimized for average power in peak-power limited systems. We\nalso evaluate the modulation formats in terms of their mutual information to\npredict their performance in the presence of capacity-achieving error-\ncorrecting codes, and finally show numerically and analytically that the\noptimal modulation formats for reliable transmission in the wideband regime\nhave only one nonzero point.\n" }, { "id": "a71496f2-88ed-438a-99a2-8fd5ef8218cf", "adv_source_id": "a71496f2-88ed-438a-99a2-8fd5ef8218cf", "source_id": "a71496f2-88ed-438a-99a2-8fd5ef8218cf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Trapped Bose-Einstein condensates with Planck-scale induced deformation\n of the energy-momentum dispersion relation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates can be used to\nconstrain Planck scale physics. In particular we prove that a Planck-scale\ninduced deformation of the Minkowski energy-momentum dispersion relation\n$\\delta E \\simeq \\xi_1 mcp/2M_p$ produces a shift in the condensation\ntemperature $T_c$ of about $\\Delta T_{c}/T_{c}^{0} \\simeq 10^{-6} \\xi_1 $ for\ntypical laboratory conditions. Such a shift allows to bound the deformation\nparameter up to $|\\xi_1| \\lesssim 10^4$. Moreover we show that it is possible\nto enlarge $\\Delta T_{c}/T_{c}^{0}$ and improve the bound on $\\xi_1$ lowering\nthe frequency of the harmonic trap. Finally we compare the Planck-scale induced\nshift in $T_c$ with similar effects due to interboson interactions and finite\nsize effects.\n" }, { "id": "f4bf8e56-421b-470c-98dd-442d02f5f9f8", "adv_source_id": "f4bf8e56-421b-470c-98dd-442d02f5f9f8", "source_id": "f4bf8e56-421b-470c-98dd-442d02f5f9f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quark mass hierarchy in 3-3-1 models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the mass spectrum of the quark sector in an special type I-like\nmodel with gauge symmetry $SU(3)_c \\otimes SU(3)_L \\otimes U(1)_X$. By\nconsidering couplings with scalar triplets at large ($\\sim TeV$) and small\n($\\sim GeV$) scales, we obtain specific zero-texture mass matrices for the\nquarks which predict three massless quarks ($u,d,s$) and three massive quarks\n($c,b,t$) at the electroweak scale ($\\sim$ GeV). Taking into account mixing\ncouplings with three heavy quarks at large scales predicted by the model, the\nthree massless quarks obtain masses at small order that depends on the inverse\nof the large scale. Thus, masses of the form $m_u \\lesssim m_d < m_s \\sim MeV$\nand $ m_{c,b,t} \\sim GeV$ can be obtained naturally from the gauge structure of\nthe model.\n" }, { "id": "52dab11c-add9-4152-b11b-ee3a1305f6d5", "adv_source_id": "52dab11c-add9-4152-b11b-ee3a1305f6d5", "source_id": "52dab11c-add9-4152-b11b-ee3a1305f6d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of the differential cross sections for the reaction pp -->\n ppK+K- in view of the K+K- interaction", "prompt": null, "generation": " Measurements of the pp-->ppK+K- reaction, performed with the experiment\nCOSY-11 at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY, show a significant difference between\nthe obtained excitation function and theoretical expectations including pp-FSI\n>. The discrepancy may be assigned to the influence of K+K- or K-p interaction.\nThis interaction should manifest itself in the distributions of the\ndifferential cross section. This thesis presents an analysis of event\ndistributions as a function of the invariant masses of two particle subsystems.\nIn particular in the analysis two generalizations of the Dalitz plot proposed\nby Goldhaber and Nyborg are used. The present Investigations are based on the\nexperimental data determined by the COSY-11 collaboration from two measurements\nat excess energies of Q = 10 MeV and 28 MeV. The experimental distributions are\ncompared to results of Monte Carlo simulations generated with various\nparameters of the K+K- and K-p interaction. The values of the K+K- scattering\nlength, extracted from two data sets for Q = 10 MeV and 28 MeV amount to:\na_K+K- = (11 +- 8) + i(0 +- 6) fm for Q = 10 MeV, and a_K+K- = (0.2 +-0.2) +\ni(0.0 +- 0.5) fm for Q = 28 MeV, Due to the low statistics, the extracted\nvalues have large uncertainties and are consistent with very low values of the\nreal and imaginary part of the scattering length.\n" }, { "id": "96f09e4d-a754-4815-8d66-d61f75bf9056", "adv_source_id": "96f09e4d-a754-4815-8d66-d61f75bf9056", "source_id": "96f09e4d-a754-4815-8d66-d61f75bf9056", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Viscosity and confinement in magnetized plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " An alternative to the Braginskii decomposition is proposed, one rooted in\ntreating the viscosity as a scalar quantity in a coordinate-free\nrepresentation. With appropriate application to the rate-of-shear tensor, one\nmay solve the neoclassical force density equations for its undetermined\nvelocity dependence, as well as the radial and poloidal profiles mentioned in\n[R. W. Johnson, Phys. Plasmas, under review], using an improved poloidal\nexpansion. The pseudoplastic behavior of magnetized plasma is again obtained,\nand the high viscosity solution is determined to be physical. A clear\nrelationship between confinement mode and viscosity is observed, indicating a\nphysical origin for transport barriers, pedestals, and other phenomena. The\ngyroviscous contribution is found to be an effect on the order of one\none-thousandth of one percent of the dominant collisional viscosity.\n" }, { "id": "866f5bf5-82d2-43db-9c2f-974762da9605", "adv_source_id": "866f5bf5-82d2-43db-9c2f-974762da9605", "source_id": "866f5bf5-82d2-43db-9c2f-974762da9605", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Revealing the electroweak properties of a new scalar resonance", "prompt": null, "generation": " One or more new heavy resonances may be discovered in experiments at the CERN\nLarge Hadron Collider. In order to determine if such a resonance is the\nlong-awaited Higgs boson, it is essential to pin down its spin, CP, and\nelectroweak quantum numbers. Here we describe how to determine what role a\nnewly-discovered neutral CP-even scalar plays in electroweak symmetry breaking,\nby measuring its relative decay rates into pairs of electroweak vector bosons:\nWW, ZZ, \\gamma\\gamma, and Z\\gamma. With the data-driven assumption that\nelectroweak symmetry breaking respects a remnant custodial symmetry, we perform\na general analysis with operators up to dimension five. Remarkably, only three\npure cases and one nontrivial mixed case need to be disambiguated, which can\nalways be done if all four decay modes to electroweak vector bosons can be\nobserved or constrained. We exhibit interesting special cases of Higgs\nlook-alikes with nonstandard decay patterns, including a very suppressed\nbranching to WW or very enhanced branchings to \\gamma\\gamma and Z\\gamma. Even\nif two vector boson branching fractions conform to Standard Model expectations\nfor a Higgs doublet, measurements of the other two decay modes could unmask a\nHiggs imposter.\n" }, { "id": "84c0ca54-64a4-4766-85e9-881797ae6078", "adv_source_id": "84c0ca54-64a4-4766-85e9-881797ae6078", "source_id": "84c0ca54-64a4-4766-85e9-881797ae6078", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rate Regions of Secret Key Sharing in a New Source Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " A source model for secret key generation between terminals is considered. Two\nusers, namely users 1 and 2, at one side communicate with another user, namely\nuser 3, at the other side via a public channel where three users can observe\ni.i.d. outputs of correlated sources. Each of users 1 and 2 intends to share a\nsecret key with user 3 where user 1 acts as a wiretapper for user 2 and vice\nversa. In this model, two situations are considered: communication from users 1\nand 2 to user 3 (the forward key strategy) and from user 3 to users 1 and 2\n(the backward key strategy). In both situations, the goal is sharing a secret\nkey between user 1 and user 3 while leaking no effective information about that\nkey to user 2, and simultaneously, sharing another secret key between user 2\nand user 3 while leaking no effective information about the latter key to user\n1. This model is motivated by wireless communications when considering user 3\nas a base station and users 1 and 2 as network users. In this paper, for both\nthe forward and backward key strategies, inner and outer bounds of secret key\ncapacity regions are derived. In special situations where one of users 1 and 2\nis only interested in wiretapping and not key sharing, our results agree with\nthat of Ahlswede and Csiszar. Also, we investigate some special cases in which\nthe inner bound coincides with the outer bound and secret key capacity region\nis deduced.\n" }, { "id": "61a588b2-55ad-46be-8da1-9a2bb6b1e158", "adv_source_id": "61a588b2-55ad-46be-8da1-9a2bb6b1e158", "source_id": "61a588b2-55ad-46be-8da1-9a2bb6b1e158", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A proof of Price's Law on Schwarzschild black hole manifolds for all\n angular momenta", "prompt": null, "generation": " Price's Law states that linear perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole\nfall off as $t^{-2\\ell-3}$ for $t \\to \\infty$ provided the initial data decay\nsufficiently fast at spatial infinity. Moreover, if the perturbations are\ninitially static (i.e., their time derivative is zero), then the decay is\npredicted to be $t^{-2\\ell-4}$. We give a proof of $t^{-2\\ell-2}$ decay for\ngeneral data in the form of weighted $L^1$ to $L^\\infty$ bounds for solutions\nof the Regge--Wheeler equation. For initially static perturbations we obtain\n$t^{-2\\ell-3}$. The proof is based on an integral representation of the\nsolution which follows from self--adjoint spectral theory. We apply two\ndifferent perturbative arguments in order to construct the corresponding\nspectral measure and the decay bounds are obtained by appropriate oscillatory\nintegral estimates.\n" }, { "id": "a14e097b-205c-4fa6-8168-3f58f5cb8284", "adv_source_id": "a14e097b-205c-4fa6-8168-3f58f5cb8284", "source_id": "a14e097b-205c-4fa6-8168-3f58f5cb8284", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generalized affine buildings", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present thesis geometric properties of non-discrete affine buildings\nare studied. We cover in particular affine $\\Lambda$-buildings, which were\nintroduced by Curtis Bennett in 1990 and which already have proven to be useful\nfor applications. The main results are as follow: First we prove an extension\ntheorem for ecological isomorphisms of buildings at infinity. Further,\ncomplementing a joint project with L. Kramer and R. Weiss, we give an algebraic\nproof of the existence of (necessarily) non-discrete affine buildings having\nSuzuki-Ree buildings at infinity. Most of the effort is put in the\ngeneralization of Kostant's convexity theorem for symmetric spaces in the\nsetting of simplicial affine and affine $\\Lambda$-buildings. The proofs are\nbased on connections to representation theory as well as on methods borrowed\nfrom metric geometry.\n" }, { "id": "552f8595-fcb9-40c0-93a0-a6f80ed36295", "adv_source_id": "552f8595-fcb9-40c0-93a0-a6f80ed36295", "source_id": "552f8595-fcb9-40c0-93a0-a6f80ed36295", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Braided differential structure on Weyl groups, quadratic algebras and\n elliptic functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss a class of generalized divided difference operators which give\nrise to a representation of Nichols-Woronowicz algebras associated to Weyl\ngroups. For the root system of type $A,$ we also study the condition for the\ndeformations of the Fomin-Kirillov quadratic algebra, which is a quadratic lift\nof the Nichols-Woronowicz algebra, to admit a representation given by\ngeneralized divided difference operators. The relations satisfied by the\nmutually commuting elements called Dunkl elements in the deformed\nFomin-Kirillov algebra are determined. The Dunkl elements correspond to the\ntruncated elliptic Dunkl operators via the representation given by the\ngeneralized divided difference operators.\n" }, { "id": "eca1a721-a9b8-4f69-9c2c-ad6ca6a3d740", "adv_source_id": "eca1a721-a9b8-4f69-9c2c-ad6ca6a3d740", "source_id": "eca1a721-a9b8-4f69-9c2c-ad6ca6a3d740", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mixture Gaussian Process Conditional Heteroscedasticity", "prompt": null, "generation": " Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models have\nlong been considered as one of the most successful families of approaches for\nvolatility modeling in financial return series. In this paper, we propose an\nalternative approach based on methodologies widely used in the field of\nstatistical machine learning. Specifically, we propose a novel nonparametric\nBayesian mixture of Gaussian process regression models, each component of which\nmodels the noise variance process that contaminates the observed data as a\nseparate latent Gaussian process driven by the observed data. This way, we\nessentially obtain a mixture Gaussian process conditional heteroscedasticity\n(MGPCH) model for volatility modeling in financial return series. We impose a\nnonparametric prior with power-law nature over the distribution of the model\nmixture components, namely the Pitman-Yor process prior, to allow for better\ncapturing modeled data distributions with heavy tails and skewness. Finally, we\nprovide a copula- based approach for obtaining a predictive posterior for the\ncovariances over the asset returns modeled by means of a postulated MGPCH\nmodel. We evaluate the efficacy of our approach in a number of benchmark\nscenarios, and compare its performance to state-of-the-art methodologies.\n" }, { "id": "b0fb8898-143e-4f46-a138-48370b1a77ae", "adv_source_id": "b0fb8898-143e-4f46-a138-48370b1a77ae", "source_id": "b0fb8898-143e-4f46-a138-48370b1a77ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Range separated hybrid exchange-correlation functional analyses of W\n and/or N(S) (co)doped anatase TiO_2", "prompt": null, "generation": " Electronic properties and atomic structures of W, N, S, W/N, and W/S dopings\nof anatase TiO_2 have been systematically investigated using the density\nfunctional theory (DFT). The exchange and correlation effects have been treated\nwith Heyd, Scuseria and Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional. Mixing traditional\nsemi-local and non-local screened Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange energies, the HSE\nmethod corrects the band gap and also improves the description of anion/cation\nderived gap states. Enhanced charge carrier dynamics, observed for W/N codoped\ntitania, can partly be explained by the passivative modifications of N 2p and W\n5d states on its electronic structure. Following this trend we have found an\napparent band gap narrowing of 1.03 eV for W/S codoping. This is due to the\nlarge dispersion of S 3p states at the valance band (VB) top extending its edge\nto higher energies and Ti--S--W hybridized states appearing at the bottom of\nthe conduction band (CB). W/S-TiO_2 might show strong visible light response\ncomparable to W/N codoped anatase catalysts.\n" }, { "id": "232f1016-2203-4456-af25-97e4e74da2d6", "adv_source_id": "232f1016-2203-4456-af25-97e4e74da2d6", "source_id": "232f1016-2203-4456-af25-97e4e74da2d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of a Collaborative Filter Based on Popularity Amongst Neighbors", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we analyze a collaborative filter that answers the simple\nquestion: What is popular amongst your friends? While this basic principle\nseems to be prevalent in many practical implementations, there does not appear\nto be much theoretical analysis of its performance. In this paper, we partly\nfill this gap. While recent works on this topic, such as the low-rank matrix\ncompletion literature, consider the probability of error in recovering the\nentire rating matrix, we consider probability of an error in an individual\nrecommendation (bit error rate (BER)). For a mathematical model introduced in\n[1],[2], we identify three regimes of operation for our algorithm (named\nPopularity Amongst Friends (PAF)) in the limit as the matrix size grows to\ninfinity. In a regime characterized by large number of samples and small\ndegrees of freedom (defined precisely for the model in the paper), the\nasymptotic BER is zero; in a regime characterized by large number of samples\nand large degrees of freedom, the asymptotic BER is bounded away from 0 and 1/2\n(and is identified exactly except for a special case); and in a regime\ncharacterized by a small number of samples, the algorithm fails. We also\npresent numerical results for the MovieLens and Netflix datasets. We discuss\nthe empirical performance in light of our theoretical results and compare with\nan approach based on low-rank matrix completion.\n" }, { "id": "64181d66-18e5-4c2b-a009-344abc4d4b75", "adv_source_id": "64181d66-18e5-4c2b-a009-344abc4d4b75", "source_id": "64181d66-18e5-4c2b-a009-344abc4d4b75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analytical Classification of Multimedia Index Structures by Using a\n Partitioning Method-Based Framework", "prompt": null, "generation": " Due to the advances in hardware technology and increase in production of\nmultimedia data in many applications, during the last decades, multimedia\ndatabases have become increasingly important. Contentbased multimedia retrieval\nis one of an important research area in the field of multimedia databases. Lots\nof research on this field has led to proposition of different kinds of index\nstructures to support fast and efficient similarity search to retrieve\nmultimedia data from these databases. Due to variety and plenty of proposed\nindex structures, we suggest a systematic framework based on partitioning\nmethod used in these structures to classify multimedia index structures, and\nthen we evaluated these structures based on important functional measures. We\nhope this proposed framework will lead to empirical and technical comparison of\nmultimedia index structures and development of more efficient structures at\nfuture.\n" }, { "id": "d8a4c729-7fa7-424e-8472-13bdfc731494", "adv_source_id": "d8a4c729-7fa7-424e-8472-13bdfc731494", "source_id": "d8a4c729-7fa7-424e-8472-13bdfc731494", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Radon backgrounds in the DEAP-1 liquid-argon-based Dark Matter detector", "prompt": null, "generation": " The DEAP-1 \\SI{7}{kg} single phase liquid argon scintillation detector was\noperated underground at SNOLAB in order to test the techniques and measure the\nbackgrounds inherent to single phase detection, in support of the\n\\mbox{DEAP-3600} Dark Matter detector. Backgrounds in DEAP are controlled\nthrough material selection, construction techniques, pulse shape discrimination\nand event reconstruction. This report details the analysis of background events\nobserved in three iterations of the DEAP-1 detector, and the measures taken to\nreduce them.\n The $^{222}$Rn decay rate in the liquid argon was measured to be between 16\nand \\SI{26}{\\micro\\becquerel\\per\\kilogram}. We found that the background\nspectrum near the region of interest for Dark Matter detection in the DEAP-1\ndetector can be described considering events from three sources: radon\ndaughters decaying on the surface of the active volume, the expected rate of\nelectromagnetic events misidentified as nuclear recoils due to inefficiencies\nin the pulse shape discrimination, and leakage of events from outside the\nfiducial volume due to imperfect position reconstruction. These backgrounds\nstatistically account for all observed events, and they will be strongly\nreduced in the DEAP-3600 detector due to its higher light yield and simpler\ngeometry.\n" }, { "id": "29efbfc7-dc8f-485f-84d0-50e6863f7595", "adv_source_id": "29efbfc7-dc8f-485f-84d0-50e6863f7595", "source_id": "29efbfc7-dc8f-485f-84d0-50e6863f7595", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lower Bounds for Number-in-Hand Multiparty Communication Complexity,\n Made Easy", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we prove lower bounds on randomized multiparty communication\ncomplexity, both in the \\emph{blackboard model} (where each message is written\non a blackboard for all players to see) and (mainly) in the\n\\emph{message-passing model}, where messages are sent player-to-player. We\nintroduce a new technique for proving such bounds, called\n\\emph{symmetrization}, which is natural, intuitive, and often easy to use.\n For example, for the problem where each of $k$ players gets a bit-vector of\nlength $n$, and the goal is to compute the coordinate-wise XOR of these\nvectors, we prove a tight lower bounds of $\\Omega(nk)$ in the blackboard model.\nFor the same problem with AND instead of XOR, we prove a lower bounds of\nroughly $\\Omega(nk)$ in the message-passing model (assuming $k \\le n/3200$) and\n$\\Omega(n \\log k)$ in the blackboard model. We also prove lower bounds for\nbit-wise majority, for a graph-connectivity problem, and for other problems;\nthe technique seems applicable to a wide range of other problems as well. All\nof our lower bounds allow randomized communication protocols with two-sided\nerror.\n We also use the symmetrization technique to prove several direct-sum-like\nresults for multiparty communication.\n" }, { "id": "efa047c1-5e9d-400e-96c0-99eb2122a071", "adv_source_id": "efa047c1-5e9d-400e-96c0-99eb2122a071", "source_id": "efa047c1-5e9d-400e-96c0-99eb2122a071", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Wick Rotation in the Light-Front", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the electroweak properties of pseudo-scalar mesons in the light and\nheavy-light sectors. In particular, we address the electromagnetic form factors\nand decay constants of the pion, kaon and D mesons. The structure of composite\nsystems are given by the Bethe-Salpeter (BS) amplitude of a meson formed by a\nconfined pair of constituent quark and antiquark, which in our work is written\nin terms of Pauli-Villars regulators. The analytical structure contains single\npoles in the complex momentum space. The BS amplitude takes into account poles\ndue to the regulator parameters, while the quark-antiquark cut is avoided,\nimplying in confined quarks with the property that the sum of the constituents\nmasses can be larger than the mass of the meson. The one-loop expressions of\nthe electroweak transition amplitudes are conveniently written in terms of\nlight-front momentum. Technically, we introduce a Wick-rotation of he minus\ncomponent of the momentum (k-minus) in the one-loop amplitudes allowing to\navoid the cuts in the complex plane of this momentum variable without crossing\nthem. This is particularly useful as we can study the electroweak properties\nwith several models of the BS amplitude with different powers of Pauli-Villars\nregulators. The possibility to change the power of the BS amplitude is\ninteresting in order to test the asymptotic behavior of the electromagnetic\nform factors searching for a suitable form that incorporates the expected QCD\ndecaying power-law form. The results are compared with others models in the\nliterature and with the experimental data.\n" }, { "id": "6a832511-1e12-4624-8507-ec10efe93a7a", "adv_source_id": "6a832511-1e12-4624-8507-ec10efe93a7a", "source_id": "6a832511-1e12-4624-8507-ec10efe93a7a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Loss of Landau Damping for Bunch Oscillations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Conditions for the existence, uniqueness and stability of self-consistent\nbunch steady states are considered. For the existence and uniqueness problems,\nsimple algebraic criteria are derived for both the action and Hamiltonian\ndomain distributions. For the stability problem, van Kampen theory is used. The\nonset of a discrete van Kampen mode means the emergence of a coherent mode\nwithout any Landau damping; thus, even a tiny couple-bunch or multi-turn wake\nis sufficient to drive the instability. The method presented here assumes an\narbitrary impedance, RF shape, and beam distribution function. Available areas\non the intensity-emittance plane are shown for resistive wall wake and single\nharmonic, bunch shortening and bunch lengthening RF configurations. Thresholds\ncalculated for the Tevatron parameters and impedance model are in agreement\nwith the observations. These thresholds are found to be extremely sensitive to\nthe small-argument behaviour of the bunch distribution function. Accordingly, a\nmethod to increase the LLD threshold is suggested. This article summarizes and\nextends recent author's publications.\n" }, { "id": "7a8b9a6d-6f10-455f-a2f4-905d11df952e", "adv_source_id": "7a8b9a6d-6f10-455f-a2f4-905d11df952e", "source_id": "7a8b9a6d-6f10-455f-a2f4-905d11df952e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Steady State Convergence Acceleration of the Generalized Lattice\n Boltzmann Equation with Forcing Term through Preconditioning", "prompt": null, "generation": " Several applications exist in which lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) are used\nto compute stationary states of fluid motions, particularly those driven or\nmodulated by external forces. Standard LBM, being explicit time-marching in\nnature, requires a long time to attain steady state convergence, particularly\nat low Mach numbers due to the disparity in characteristic speeds of\npropagation of different quantities. In this paper, we present a preconditioned\ngeneralized lattice Boltzmann equation (GLBE) with forcing term to accelerate\nsteady state convergence to flows driven by external forces. The use of\nmultiple relaxation times in the GLBE allows enhancement of the numerical\nstability. Particular focus is given in preconditioning external forces, which\ncan be spatially and temporally dependent. In particular, correct forms of\nmoment-projections of source/forcing terms are derived such that they recover\npreconditioned Navier-Stokes equations with non-uniform external forces. As an\nillustration, we solve an extended system with a preconditioned lattice kinetic\nequation for magnetic induction field at low magnetic Prandtl numbers, which\nimposes Lorentz forces on the flow of conducting fluids. Computational studies,\nparticularly in three-dimensions, for canonical problems show that the number\nof time steps needed to reach steady state is reduced by orders of magnitude\nwith preconditioning. In addition, the preconditioning approach resulted in\nsignificantly improved stability characteristics when compared with the\ncorresponding single relaxation time formulation.\n" }, { "id": "cec6de32-ec8f-4c93-bfac-72831da98ada", "adv_source_id": "cec6de32-ec8f-4c93-bfac-72831da98ada", "source_id": "cec6de32-ec8f-4c93-bfac-72831da98ada", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improvement in RUP Project Management via Service Monitoring: Best\n Practice of SOA", "prompt": null, "generation": " Management of project planning, monitoring, scheduling, estimation and risk\nmanagement are critical issues faced by a project manager during development\nlife cycle of software. In RUP, project management is considered as core\ndiscipline whose activities are carried in all phases during development of\nsoftware products. On other side service monitoring is considered as best\npractice of SOA which leads to availability, auditing, debugging and tracing\nprocess. In this paper, authors define a strategy to incorporate the service\nmonitoring of SOA into RUP to improve the artifacts of project management\nactivities. Moreover, the authors define the rules to implement the features of\nservice monitoring, which help the project manager to carry on activities in\nwell define manner. Proposed frame work is implemented on RB (Resuming Bank)\napplication and obtained improved results on PM (Project Management) work.\n" }, { "id": "4c212ad7-9dd5-4424-b8cf-8e686fe5bd9e", "adv_source_id": "4c212ad7-9dd5-4424-b8cf-8e686fe5bd9e", "source_id": "4c212ad7-9dd5-4424-b8cf-8e686fe5bd9e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Wave chaos as signature for depletion of a Bose-Einstein condensate", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the expansion of repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensates\n(BECs) in shallow one-dimensional potentials. We show for these systems that\nthe onset of wave chaos in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE), i.e. the onset\nof exponential separation in Hilbert space of two nearby condensate wave\nfunctions, can be used as indication for the onset of depletion of the BEC and\nthe occupation of excited modes within a many-body description. Comparison\nbetween the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons (MCTDHB)\nmethod and the GPE reveals a close correspondence between the many-body effect\nof depletion and the mean-field effect of wave chaos for a wide range of\nsingle-particle external potentials. In the regime of wave chaos the GPE fails\nto account for the fine-scale quantum fluctuations because many-body effects\nbeyond the validity of the GPE are non-negligible. Surprisingly, despite the\nfailure of the GPE to account for the depletion, coarse grained expectation\nvalues of the single-particle density such as the overall width of the atomic\ncloud agree very well with the many-body simulations. The time dependent\ndepletion of the condensate could be investigated experimentally, e.g., via\ndecay of coherence of the expanding atom cloud.\n" }, { "id": "269b7476-dd78-43e8-a36d-41a97bde1cd1", "adv_source_id": "269b7476-dd78-43e8-a36d-41a97bde1cd1", "source_id": "269b7476-dd78-43e8-a36d-41a97bde1cd1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "T-duality, Generalized Geometry and Non-Geometric Backgrounds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss the action of O(d,d), and in particular T-duality, in the context\nof generalized geometry, focusing on the description of so-called non-geometric\nbackgrounds. We derive local expressions for the pure spinors descibing the\ngeneralized geometry dual to an SU(3) structure background, and show that the\nequations for N=1 vacua are invariant under T-duality. We also propose a local\ngeneralized geometrical definition of the charges f, H, Q and R appearing in\neffective four-dimensional theories, using the Courant bracket. We then address\ncertain global aspects, in particular whether the local non-geometric charges\ncan be gauged away in, for instance, backgrounds admitting a torus action, as\nwell as the structure of generalized parallelizable backgrounds.\n" }, { "id": "6189a318-5d1e-4c19-a2d6-4619f0980083", "adv_source_id": "6189a318-5d1e-4c19-a2d6-4619f0980083", "source_id": "6189a318-5d1e-4c19-a2d6-4619f0980083", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Debris disc candidates in systems with transiting planets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Debris discs are known to exist around many planet-host stars, but no debris\ndust has been found so far in systems with transiting planets. Using publicly\navailable catalogues, we searched for infrared excesses in such systems. In the\nrecently published Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) catalogue, we\nfound 52 stars with transiting planets. Two systems with one transiting \"hot\nJupiter\" each, TrES-2 and XO-5, exhibit small excesses both at 12 and 22\nmicrons at a > 3 sigma level. Provided that one or both of these detections are\nreal, the frequency of warm excesses in systems with transiting planets of 2-4\n% is comparable to that around solar-type stars probed at similar wavelengths\nwith Spitzer's MIPS and IRS instruments. Modelling suggests that the observed\nexcesses would stem from dust rings with radii of several AU. The inferred\namount of dust is close to the maximum expected theoretically from a\ncollisional cascade in asteroid belt analogues. If confirmed, the presence of\ndebris discs in systems with transiting planets may put important constraints\nonto formation and migration scenarios of hot Jupiters.\n" }, { "id": "9684c539-ad89-4758-bb39-73388058170d", "adv_source_id": "9684c539-ad89-4758-bb39-73388058170d", "source_id": "9684c539-ad89-4758-bb39-73388058170d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Whittaker limits of difference spherical functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce the (global) q-Whittaker function as the limit at t=0 of the\nq,t-spherical function extending the symmetric Macdonald polynomials to\narbitrary eigenvalues. The construction heavily depends on the technique of the\nq-Gaussians developed by the author (and Stokman in the non-reduced case). In\nthis approach, the q-Whittaker function is given by a series convergent\neverywhere, a kind of generating function for multi-dimensional q-Hermite\npolynomials (closely related to the level 1 Demazure characters). One of the\napplications is a q-version of the Shintani- Casselman- Shalika formula, which\nappeared directly connected with q-Mehta- Macdonald identities in terms of the\nJackson integrals. This formula generalizes that of type A due to Gerasimov et\nal. to arbitrary reduced root systems. At the end of the paper, we obtain a\nq,t-counterpart of the Harish-Chandra asymptotic formula for the spherical\nfunctions, including the Whittaker limit.\n" }, { "id": "8cea0181-bf81-47e6-b50c-f461bd9edf77", "adv_source_id": "8cea0181-bf81-47e6-b50c-f461bd9edf77", "source_id": "8cea0181-bf81-47e6-b50c-f461bd9edf77", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two-step orthogonal-state-based protocol of quantum secure direct\n communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) uses\northogonal encoding states of a particle. Its security arises because\noperations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two states\nencoding the secret bit. We propose a two-particle cryptographic protocol for\nquantum secure direct communication, wherein orthogonal states encode the\nsecret, and security arises from restricting Eve from accessing any\ntwo-particle operations. However, there is a non-trivial difference between the\ntwo cases. While the encoding states are perfectly indistinguishable in GV,\nthey are partially distinguishable in the bi-partite case, leading to a\nqualitatively different kind of information-vs-disturbance trade-off and also\noptions for Eve in the two cases.\n" }, { "id": "f5608fe4-d520-48d8-90ba-5de07f902007", "adv_source_id": "f5608fe4-d520-48d8-90ba-5de07f902007", "source_id": "f5608fe4-d520-48d8-90ba-5de07f902007", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Realizing an $n$-target-qubit controlled phase gate in cavity QED: An\n approach without classical pulses", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a way to realize a multiqubit controlled phase gate with one qubit\nsimultaneously controlling $n$ target qubits using atoms in cavity QED. In this\nproposal, there is no need of using classical pulses during the entire gate\noperation. The gate operation time scales as $\\sqrt{n}$ only and thus the gate\ncan be performed faster when compared with sending atoms through the cavity one\nat a time. In addition, only three steps of operations are required for\nrealizing this $n$-target-qubit controlled phase gate. This proposal is quite\ngeneral, which can be applied to other physical systems such as various\nsuperconducting qubits coupled to a resonator, NV centers coupled to a\nmicrosphere cavity or quantum dots in cavity QED.\n" }, { "id": "1f0ee923-b5bc-4697-a7b8-69defa6435e9", "adv_source_id": "1f0ee923-b5bc-4697-a7b8-69defa6435e9", "source_id": "1f0ee923-b5bc-4697-a7b8-69defa6435e9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The luminosity function of galaxies to $M_{BgVriz} \\sim -14$ in $z \\sim\n 0.3$ clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present deep composite luminosity functions in $B$, $g$, $V$, $r$, $i$ and\n$z$ for six clusters at $0.14 < z < 0.40$ observed with the Hubble Space\nTelescope Advanced Camera for Surveys. The luminosity functions reach to\nabsolute magnitude of $\\sim -14 + 5\\log h$ mag. and are well fitted by a single\nSchechter function with $M^*_{BgVriz}=-19.8, -20.9 -21.9, -22.0, -21.7, -22.3$\nmag. and $\\alpha \\sim -1.3$ (in all bands). The observations suggest that the\ngalaxy luminosity function is dominated by objects on the red sequence to at\nleast 6 mags. below the $L^*$ point. Comparison with local data shows that the\nred sequence is well established at least at $z \\sim 0.3$ down to $\\sim\n1/600^{th}$ of the luminosity of the Milky Way and that galaxies down to the\nregime of dwarf spheroidals have been completely assembled in clusters at this\nredshift. We do not detect a steepening of the luminosity function at $M > -16$\nas is observed locally. If the faint end upturn is real, the steepening of the\nluminosity function must be due to a newly infalling population of faint dwarf\ngalaxies.\n" }, { "id": "7e8abb5b-80f0-4286-8561-7985176a5ef0", "adv_source_id": "7e8abb5b-80f0-4286-8561-7985176a5ef0", "source_id": "7e8abb5b-80f0-4286-8561-7985176a5ef0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum dynamics in photonic crystals", "prompt": null, "generation": " Employing a recently developed method that is numerically accurate within a\nmodel space simulating the real-time dynamics of few-body systems interacting\nwith macroscopic environmental quantum fields, we analyze the full dynamics of\nan atomic system coupled to a continuum light-field with a gapped spectral\ndensity. This is a situation encountered, for example, in the radiation field\nin a photonic crystal, whose analysis has been so far been confined to limiting\ncases due to the lack of suitable numerical techniques. We show that both\natomic population and coherence dynamics can drastically deviate from the\nresults predicted when using the rotating wave approximation, particularly in\nthe strong coupling regime. Experimental conditions required to observe these\ncorrections are also discussed.\n" }, { "id": "0a5d3b68-636c-4062-881b-8ef744329078", "adv_source_id": "0a5d3b68-636c-4062-881b-8ef744329078", "source_id": "0a5d3b68-636c-4062-881b-8ef744329078", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multifractal nature of the surface local density of states in\n three-dimensional topological insulators with magnetic and nonmagnetic\n disorder", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute the multifractal spectra associated to local density of states\n(LDOS) fluctuations due to weak quenched disorder, for a single Dirac fermion\nin two spatial dimensions. Our results are relevant to the surfaces of Z_2\ntopological insulators such as Bi_2Se_3 and Bi_2Te_3, where LDOS modulations\ncan be directly probed via scanning tunneling microscopy. We find a qualitative\ndifference in spectra obtained for magnetic versus non-magnetic disorder.\nRandomly polarized magnetic impurities induce quadratic multifractality at\nfirst order in the impurity density; by contrast, no operator exhibits\nmultifractal scaling at this order for a non-magnetic impurity profile. For the\ntime-reversal invariant case, we compute the first non-trivial multifractal\ncorrection, which appears at two loops (impurity density squared). We discuss\nspectral enhancement approaching the Dirac point due to renormalization, and we\nsurvey known results for the opposite limit of strong disorder.\n" }, { "id": "5c65a7af-48d1-4a9e-8e11-399a9dcd618c", "adv_source_id": "5c65a7af-48d1-4a9e-8e11-399a9dcd618c", "source_id": "5c65a7af-48d1-4a9e-8e11-399a9dcd618c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An H-alpha Imaging Survey of Galaxies in the Local 11 Mpc Volume", "prompt": null, "generation": " As part of a broader effort to characterize the population of star-forming\ngalaxies in the local universe, we have carried out an H-alpha+[NII] imaging\nsurvey for an essentially volume-limited sample of galaxies within 11 Mpc of\nthe Milky Way. This paper describes the design of the survey, the observation,\ndata processing, and calibration procedures, and the characteristics of the\ngalaxy sample. The main product of the paper is a catalog of integrated H-alpha\nfluxes, luminosities, and equivalent widths for the galaxies in the sample. We\nbriefly discuss the completeness properties of the survey and compare the\ndistribution of the sample and its star formation properties to other large\nH-alpha imaging surveys. These data form the foundation for a series of\nfollow-up studies of the star formation properties of the local volume, and the\nproperties and duty cycles of star formation bursts in dwarf galaxies.\n" }, { "id": "8a5a8d30-d270-4481-a026-fdbd17008c4e", "adv_source_id": "8a5a8d30-d270-4481-a026-fdbd17008c4e", "source_id": "8a5a8d30-d270-4481-a026-fdbd17008c4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Control spiral wave dynamics using feedback signals from line detectors", "prompt": null, "generation": " We numerically study trajectories of spiral-wave-cores in excitable systems\nmodulated proportionally to the integral of the activity on the straight line,\nseveral or dozens of equi-spaced measuring points on the straight line, the\ndouble-line and the contour-line. We show the single-line feedback results in\nthe drift of core center along a straight line being parallel to the detector.\nAn interesting finding is that the drift location in $y$ is a piecewise\nlinear-increasing function of both the feedback line location and time delay.\nSimilar trajectory occurs when replacing the feedback line with several or\ndozens of equi-spaced measuring points on the straight line. This allows to\nmove the spiral core to the desired location along a chosen direction by\nmeasuring several or dozens of points. Under the double-line feedback, the\nshape of the tip trajectory representing the competition between the first and\nsecond feedback lines is determined by the distance of two lines. Various drift\nattractors in spiral wave controlled by square-shaped contour-line feedback are\nalso investigated. A brief explanation is presented.\n" }, { "id": "c09fb048-3702-49de-855e-573d08952d5f", "adv_source_id": "c09fb048-3702-49de-855e-573d08952d5f", "source_id": "c09fb048-3702-49de-855e-573d08952d5f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electron Spin Resonance across the Charge-ordering Transition in\n YBaMn2O6", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigated the metal-ordered manganite system YBaMn2O6 using electron\nspin resonance (ESR) in the paramagnetic regime across the charge-ordering and\nstructural phase transition at T_CO = 480 K and T_t = 520 K, respectively. All\nESR parameters exhibit jump-like changes at T_t while the charge-ordering at\nT_CO manifests itself only as a weak and broad anomaly. Above T_t the ESR spin\nsusceptibility is reduced with respect to the dc-susceptibility, indicating\nthat only the t_2g-core spins of Mn ions contribute to the resonance\nabsorption. The contribution of the e_g-spins is suppressed by the time scale\nof the polaronic hopping process of the e_g-electrons. The linewidth in this\nregime is reminiscent of a Korringa-type relaxation behavior. In this picture\nthe ESR properties below T_t are dominated by the slowing down of the polaronic\nhopping process. The charge fluctuations persist down to the temperature T* ~\n410 K, below which the system can be described as a charge-ordered assembly of\nMn$^{3+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ spins.\n" }, { "id": "04bac07d-22a3-4b98-9fe3-1c9d1e233d22", "adv_source_id": "04bac07d-22a3-4b98-9fe3-1c9d1e233d22", "source_id": "04bac07d-22a3-4b98-9fe3-1c9d1e233d22", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Random fields at a nonequilibrium phase transition", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate nonequilibrium phase transitions in the presence of disorder\nthat locally breaks the symmetry between two equivalent macroscopic states. In\nlow-dimensional equilibrium systems, such \"random-field\" disorder is known to\nhave dramatic effects: It prevents spontaneous symmetry breaking and completely\ndestroys the phase transition. In contrast, we demonstrate that the phase\ntransition of the one-dimensional generalized contact process persists in the\npresence of random field disorder. The dynamics in the symmetry-broken phase\nbecomes ultraslow and is described by a Sinai walk of the domain walls between\ntwo different absorbing states. We discuss the generality and limitations of\nour theory, and we illustrate our results by means of large-scale Monte-Carlo\nsimulations.\n" }, { "id": "f518035e-4302-480b-8282-30759716b817", "adv_source_id": "f518035e-4302-480b-8282-30759716b817", "source_id": "f518035e-4302-480b-8282-30759716b817", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kinetic axi-symmetric gravitational equilibria in collisionless\n accretion disc plasmas", "prompt": null, "generation": " A theoretical treatment is presented of kinetic equilibria in accretion discs\naround compact objects, for cases where the plasma can be considered as\ncollisionless. The plasma is assumed to be axi-symmetric and to be acted on by\ngravitational and electromagnetic fields; in this paper, the particular case is\nconsidered where the magnetic field admits a family of toroidal magnetic\nsurfaces, which are locally mutually-nested and closed. It is pointed out that\nthere exist asymptotic kinetic equilibria represented by generalized\nbi-Maxwellian distribution functions and characterized by primarily toroidal\ndifferential rotation and temperature anisotropy. It is conjectured that\nkinetic equilibria of this type can exist which are able to sustain both\ntoroidal and poloidal electric current densities, the latter being produced via\nfinite Larmor-radius effects associated with the temperature anisotropy. This\nleads to the possibility of existence of a new kinetic effect - referred to\nhere as a \\textquotedblleft kinetic dynamo effect\\textquotedblright\\ -\nresulting in the self-generation of toroidal magnetic field even by a\nstationary plasma, without any net radial accretion flow being required. The\nconditions for these equilibria to occur, their basic theoretical features and\ntheir physical properties are all discussed in detail.\n" }, { "id": "2776536c-4558-45ff-9d7b-bc1f6a15ef44", "adv_source_id": "2776536c-4558-45ff-9d7b-bc1f6a15ef44", "source_id": "2776536c-4558-45ff-9d7b-bc1f6a15ef44", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Variation of nonequilibrium processes in p+Ni system with beam energy", "prompt": null, "generation": " The energy and angular dependence of double differential cross sections\ndsigma/dOmega dE were measured for p, d, t, 3,4He, 6,7Li, 7,9Be, and 10,11B\nproduced in collisions of 0.175 GeV protons with Ni target. The analysis of\nmeasured dfferential cross sections allowed to extract total production cross\nsections for ejectiles listed above. The shape of the spectra and angular\ndistributions indicate the presence of other nonequilibrium processes besides\nthe emission of nucleons from the intranuclear cascade, and besides the\nevaporation of various particles from remnants of intranuclear cascade. These\nnonequilibrium processes consist of coalescence of nucleons into light charged\nparticles during the intranuclear cascade, of the fireball emission which\ncontributes to the cross sections of protons and deuterons, and of the break-up\nof the target nucleus which leads to the emission of intermediate mass\nfragments. All such processes were found earlier at beam energies 1.2, 1.9, and\n2.5 GeV for Ni as well as for Au targets, however, significant differences in\nproperties of these processes at high and low beam energy are observed in the\npresent study.\n" }, { "id": "13d9c137-e9e5-412f-9caf-af49ab44bd98", "adv_source_id": "13d9c137-e9e5-412f-9caf-af49ab44bd98", "source_id": "13d9c137-e9e5-412f-9caf-af49ab44bd98", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Twitter of Babel: Mapping World Languages through Microblogging\n Platforms", "prompt": null, "generation": " Large scale analysis and statistics of socio-technical systems that just a\nfew short years ago would have required the use of consistent economic and\nhuman resources can nowadays be conveniently performed by mining the enormous\namount of digital data produced by human activities. Although a\ncharacterization of several aspects of our societies is emerging from the data\nrevolution, a number of questions concerning the reliability and the biases\ninherent to the big data \"proxies\" of social life are still open. Here, we\nsurvey worldwide linguistic indicators and trends through the analysis of a\nlarge-scale dataset of microblogging posts. We show that available data allow\nfor the study of language geography at scales ranging from country-level\naggregation to specific city neighborhoods. The high resolution and coverage of\nthe data allows us to investigate different indicators such as the linguistic\nhomogeneity of different countries, the touristic seasonal patterns within\ncountries and the geographical distribution of different languages in\nmultilingual regions. This work highlights the potential of geolocalized\nstudies of open data sources to improve current analysis and develop indicators\nfor major social phenomena in specific communities.\n" }, { "id": "457468fd-39e7-46aa-8b31-e31fa6c78d6b", "adv_source_id": "457468fd-39e7-46aa-8b31-e31fa6c78d6b", "source_id": "457468fd-39e7-46aa-8b31-e31fa6c78d6b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Large scale shell model calculations for even-even $^{62-66}$Fe isotopes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The recently measured experimental data of Legnaro National Laboratories on\nneutron rich even isotopes of $^{62-66}$Fe with A=62,64,66 have been\ninterpreted in the framework of large scale shell model. Calculations have been\nperformed with a newly derived effective interaction GXPF1A in full $\\it{fp}$\nspace without truncation. The experimental data is very well explained for\n$^{62}$Fe, satisfactorily reproduced for $^{64}$Fe and poorly fitted for\n$^{66}$Fe. The increasing collectivity reflected in experimental data when\napproaching N=40 is not reproduced in calculated values. This indicates that\nwhereas the considered valence space is adequate for $^{62}$Fe, inclusion of\nhigher orbits from $\\it{sdg}$ shell is required for describing $^{66}$Fe.\n" }, { "id": "522e7bd0-5faa-4ff6-b2c8-cd0617da60b2", "adv_source_id": "522e7bd0-5faa-4ff6-b2c8-cd0617da60b2", "source_id": "522e7bd0-5faa-4ff6-b2c8-cd0617da60b2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nondeterministic automata: equivalence, bisimulations, and uniform\n relations", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we study the equivalence of nondeterministic automata pairing\nthe concept of a bisimulation with the recently introduced concept of a uniform\nrelation. In this symbiosis, uniform relations serve as equivalence relations\nwhich relate states of two possibly different nondeterministic automata, and\nbisimulations ensure compatibility with the transitions, initial and terminal\nstates of these automata. We define six types of bisimulations, but due to the\nduality we discuss three of them: forward, backward-forward, and weak forward\nbisimulations. For each od these three types of bisimulations we provide a\nprocedure which decides whether there is a bisimulation of this type between\ntwo automata, and when it exists, the same procedure computes the greatest one.\nWe also show that there is a uniform forward bisimulation between two automata\nif and only if the factor automata with respect to the greatest forward\nbisimulation equivalences on these automata are isomorphic. We prove a similar\ntheorem for weak forward bisimulations, using the concept of a weak forward\nisomorphism instead of an isomorphism. We also give examples that explain the\nrelationships between the considered types of bisimulations.\n" }, { "id": "9990c4bc-b454-4ad0-8850-e49c52ba5c48", "adv_source_id": "9990c4bc-b454-4ad0-8850-e49c52ba5c48", "source_id": "9990c4bc-b454-4ad0-8850-e49c52ba5c48", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Model-Driven Constraint Programming", "prompt": null, "generation": " Constraint programming can definitely be seen as a model-driven paradigm. The\nusers write programs for modeling problems. These programs are mapped to\nexecutable models to calculate the solutions. This paper focuses on efficient\nmodel management (definition and transformation). From this point of view, we\npropose to revisit the design of constraint-programming systems. A model-driven\narchitecture is introduced to map solving-independent constraint models to\nsolving-dependent decision models. Several important questions are examined,\nsuch as the need for a visual highlevel modeling language, and the quality of\nmetamodeling techniques to implement the transformations. A main result is the\ns-COMMA platform that efficiently implements the chain from modeling to solving\nconstraint problems\n" }, { "id": "41272f4e-5dc6-47e9-8027-6c178b2803d0", "adv_source_id": "41272f4e-5dc6-47e9-8027-6c178b2803d0", "source_id": "41272f4e-5dc6-47e9-8027-6c178b2803d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fully adaptive multiresolution schemes for strongly degenerate parabolic\n equations with discontinuous flux", "prompt": null, "generation": " A fully adaptive finite volume multiresolution scheme for one-dimensional\nstrongly degenerate parabolic equations with discontinuous flux is presented.\nThe numerical scheme is based on a finite volume discretization using the\nEngquist--Osher approximation for the flux and explicit time--stepping. An\nadaptivemultiresolution scheme with cell averages is then used to speed up CPU\ntime and meet memory requirements. A particular feature of our scheme is the\nstorage of the multiresolution representation of the solution in a dynamic\ngraded tree, for the sake of data compression and to facilitate navigation.\nApplications to traffic flow with driver reaction and a clarifier--thickener\nmodel illustrate the efficiency of this method.\n" }, { "id": "b21119b4-6e9e-4917-b0fd-d4624c10ff88", "adv_source_id": "b21119b4-6e9e-4917-b0fd-d4624c10ff88", "source_id": "b21119b4-6e9e-4917-b0fd-d4624c10ff88", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bridging the gap between the micro- and the macro-world of tumors", "prompt": null, "generation": " At present it is still quite difficult to match the vast knowledge on the\nbehavior of individual tumor cells with macroscopic measurements on clinical\ntumors. On the modeling side, we already know how to deal with many molecular\npathways and cellular events, using systems of differential equations and other\nmodeling tools, and ideally, we should be able to extend such a mathematical\ndescription up to the level of large tumor masses. An extended model should\nthus help us forecast the behavior of large tumors from our basic knowledge of\nmicroscopic processes. Unfortunately, the complexity of these processes makes\nit very difficult -- probably impossible -- to develop comprehensive analytical\nmodels. We try to bridge the gap with a simulation program which is based on\nbasic biochemical and biophysical processes -- thereby building an effective\ncomputational model -- and in this paper we describe its structure, endeavoring\nto make the description sufficiently detailed and yet understandable.\n" }, { "id": "7e62fe8f-4339-4f33-aab5-6c7673e6a532", "adv_source_id": "7e62fe8f-4339-4f33-aab5-6c7673e6a532", "source_id": "7e62fe8f-4339-4f33-aab5-6c7673e6a532", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic dynamics with spin transfer torques near the Curie temperature", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use atomistic stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Slonczewski simulations to study\nthe interaction between large thermal fluctuations and spin transfer torques in\nthe magnetic layers of spin valves. At temperatures near the Curie temperature\n$T_{\\rm C}$, spin currents measurably change the size of the magnetization\n(i.e. there is a {\\it longitudinal} spin transfer effect). The change in\nmagnetization of the free magnetic layer in a spin valve modifies the\ntemperature dependence of the applied field-applied current phase diagram for\ntemperatures near $T_{\\rm C}$. These atomistic simulations can be accurately\ndescribed by a Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch + Slonczewski equation, which is a\nthermally averaged mean field theory. Both the simulation and the mean field\ntheory show that a longitudinal spin transfer effect can be a substantial\nfraction of the magnetization close to $T_{\\rm C}$.\n" }, { "id": "5567b225-3d55-4f52-b720-e67add3f171b", "adv_source_id": "5567b225-3d55-4f52-b720-e67add3f171b", "source_id": "5567b225-3d55-4f52-b720-e67add3f171b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum and classical resonant escapes of a strongly-driven Josephson\n junction", "prompt": null, "generation": " The properties of phase escape in a dc SQUID at 25 mK, which is well below\nquantum-to-classical crossover temperature $T_{cr}$, in the presence of strong\nresonant ac driving have been investigated. The SQUID contains two\nNb/Al-AlO$_{x} $/Nb tunnel junctions with Josephson inductance much larger than\nthe loop inductance so it can be viewed as a single junction having adjustable\ncritical current. We find that with increasing microwave power $W$ and at\ncertain frequencies $\\nu $ and $\\nu $/2, the single primary peak in the\nswitching current distribution, \\textrm{which is the result of macroscopic\nquantum tunneling of the phase across the junction}, first shifts toward lower\nbias current $I$ and then a resonant peak develops. These results are explained\nby quantum resonant phase escape involving single and two photons with\nmicrowave-suppressed potential barrier. As $W$ further increases, the primary\npeak gradually disappears and the resonant peak grows into a single one while\nshifting further to lower $I$. At certain $W$, a second resonant peak appears,\nwhich can locate at very low $I$ depending on the value of $\\nu $. Analysis\nbased on the classical equation of motion shows that such resonant peak can\narise from the resonant escape of the phase particle with extremely large\noscillation amplitude resulting from bifurcation of the nonlinear system. Our\nexperimental result and theoretical analysis demonstrate that at $T\\ll T_{cr}$,\nescape of the phase particle could be dominated by classical process, such as\ndynamical bifurcation of nonlinear systems under strong ac driving.\n" }, { "id": "b48841db-4cfa-437f-95be-315702bbfef7", "adv_source_id": "b48841db-4cfa-437f-95be-315702bbfef7", "source_id": "b48841db-4cfa-437f-95be-315702bbfef7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Random Search Framework for Convergence Analysis of Distributed\n Beamforming with Feedback", "prompt": null, "generation": " The focus of this work is on the analysis of transmit beamforming schemes\nwith a low-rate feedback link in wireless sensor/relay networks, where nodes in\nthe network need to implement beamforming in a distributed manner.\nSpecifically, the problem of distributed phase alignment is considered, where\nneither the transmitters nor the receiver has perfect channel state\ninformation, but there is a low-rate feedback link from the receiver to the\ntransmitters. In this setting, a framework is proposed for systematically\nanalyzing the performance of distributed beamforming schemes. To illustrate the\nadvantage of this framework, a simple adaptive distributed beamforming scheme\nthat was recently proposed by Mudambai et al. is studied. Two important\nproperties for the received signal magnitude function are derived. Using these\nproperties and the systematic framework, it is shown that the adaptive\ndistributed beamforming scheme converges both in probability and in mean.\nFurthermore, it is established that the time required for the adaptive scheme\nto converge in mean scales linearly with respect to the number of sensor/relay\nnodes.\n" }, { "id": "e76b8ec4-7b7f-40d4-8217-fdbd13d8b503", "adv_source_id": "e76b8ec4-7b7f-40d4-8217-fdbd13d8b503", "source_id": "e76b8ec4-7b7f-40d4-8217-fdbd13d8b503", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Majorana CP Violation in Approximately \\mu-\\tau Symmetric Models with\n det(M_\\nu)=0", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss effects of Majorana CP violation in a model-independent way for a\ngiven phase structure of flavor neutrino masses. To be more predictive, we\nconfine ourselves to models with $\\det(M_\\nu)=0$, where $M_\\nu$ is a flavor\nneutrino mass matrix, and to be consistent with observed results of the\nneutrino oscillation, the models are subject to an approximate $\\mu$-$\\tau$\nsymmetry. There are two categories of approximately $\\mu$-$\\tau$ symmetric\nmodels classified as (C1) yielding $\\sin^22\\theta_{23} \\approx 1$ and\n$\\sin^2\\theta_{13} \\ll 1$ and (C2) yielding $\\sin^22\\theta_{23} \\approx 1$ and\n$\\Delta m_\\odot^2/|\\Delta m_{atm}^2|\\ll 1$, where $\\theta_{23(13)}$ stands for\nthe mixing of massive neutrinos $\\nu_2$ and $\\nu_3$ ($\\nu_1$ and $\\nu_3$) and\n$\\Delta m_ \\odot ^2$ ($\\Delta m_{atm}^2$) stands for the mass squared\ndifference for atmospheric (solar) neutrinos. The Majorana phase can be large\nfor the normal mass hierarchy and for the inverted mass hierarchy with\n$m_1\\approx -m_2$ only realized in (C1) while they are generically small for\nthe inverted mass hierarchy with $m_1\\approx m_2$ in both (C1) and (C2). These\nresults do not depend on a specific choice of phases in $M_\\nu$ but hold true\nin any models with $\\det(M_\\nu)=0$ because of the rephasing invariance.\n" }, { "id": "9dcdf30e-a82a-4a57-8d62-4680f02c39e5", "adv_source_id": "9dcdf30e-a82a-4a57-8d62-4680f02c39e5", "source_id": "9dcdf30e-a82a-4a57-8d62-4680f02c39e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Spectrum of Goldstini and Modulini", "prompt": null, "generation": " When supersymmetry is broken in multiple sectors via independent dynamics,\nthe theory furnishes a corresponding multiplicity of \"goldstini\" degrees of\nfreedom which may play a substantial role in collider phenomenology and\ncosmology. In this paper, we explore the tree-level mass spectrum of goldstini\narising from a general admixture of F-term, D-term, and almost no-scale\nsupersymmetry breaking, employing non-linear superfields and a novel gauge\nfixing for supergravity discussed in a companion paper. In theories of F-term\nand D-term breaking, goldstini acquire a mass which is precisely twice the\ngravitino mass, while the inclusion of no-scale breaking renders one of these\nmodes, the modulino, massless. We argue that the vanishing modulino mass can be\nexplained in terms of an accidental and spontaneously broken \"global\"\nsupersymmetry.\n" }, { "id": "48e936de-f99a-46f2-a19b-ae710f67c98e", "adv_source_id": "48e936de-f99a-46f2-a19b-ae710f67c98e", "source_id": "48e936de-f99a-46f2-a19b-ae710f67c98e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Order Statistics and Probabilistic Robust Control", "prompt": null, "generation": " Order statistics theory is applied in this paper to probabilistic robust\ncontrol theory to compute the minimum sample size needed to come up with a\nreliable estimate of an uncertain quantity under continuity assumption of the\nrelated probability distribution. Also, the concept of distribution-free\ntolerance intervals is applied to estimate the range of an uncertain quantity\nand extract the information about its distribution. To overcome the limitations\nimposed by the continuity assumption in the existing order statistics theory,\nwe have derived a cumulative distribution function of the order statistics\nwithout the continuity assumption and developed an inequality showing that this\ndistribution has an upper bound which equals to the corresponding distribution\nwhen the continuity assumption is satisfied. By applying this inequality, we\ninvestigate the minimum computational effort needed to come up with an reliable\nestimate for the upper bound (or lower bound) and the range of a quantity. We\nalso give conditions, which are much weaker than the absolute continuity\nassumption, for the existence of such minimum sample size. Furthermore, the\nissue of making tradeoff between performance level and risk is addressed and a\nguideline for making this kind of tradeoff is established. This guideline can\nbe applied in general without continuity assumption.\n" }, { "id": "a99775ba-1e57-4edd-8788-f377a10206f8", "adv_source_id": "a99775ba-1e57-4edd-8788-f377a10206f8", "source_id": "a99775ba-1e57-4edd-8788-f377a10206f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Gravity effect on the Quark-Gluon Plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), which has been predicted by\nvarious theories of quantum gravity near the Planck scale is implemented on\nderiving the thermodynamics of ideal Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) consisting of two\nmassless quark flavors at the hadron-QGP phase equilibrium and at a vanishing\nchemical potential. The effective degrees of freedom and MIT bag pressure are\nutilized to distinguish between the hadronic and partonic phases. We find that\nGUP makes a non-negligible contribution to all thermodynamic quantities,\nespecially at high temperatures. The asymptotic behavior of corresponding QGP\nthermodynamic quantities characterized by the Stephan-Boltzmann limit would be\napproached, when the GUP approach is taken into consideration.\n" }, { "id": "7d71aea4-82b2-431f-9094-7b10a7aba6ec", "adv_source_id": "7d71aea4-82b2-431f-9094-7b10a7aba6ec", "source_id": "7d71aea4-82b2-431f-9094-7b10a7aba6ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Haglund-Haiman-Loehr Type Formulas for Hall-Littlewood Polynomials of\n Type B and C", "prompt": null, "generation": " In previous work we showed that two apparently unrelated formulas for the\nHall-Littlewood polynomials of type A are, in fact, closely related. The first\nis the tableau formula obtained by specializing q=0 in the Haglund-Haiman-Loehr\nformula for Macdonald polynomials. The second is the type $A$ instance of\nSchwer's formula (rephrased and rederived by Ram) for Hall-Littlewood\npolynomials of arbitrary finite type; Schwer's formula is in terms of so-called\nalcove walks, which originate in the work of Gaussent-Littelmann and of the\nauthor with Postnikov on discrete counterparts to the Littelmann path model. We\nshowed that the tableau formula follows by \"compressing\" Ram's version of\nSchwer's formula. In this paper, we derive tableau formulas for the\nHall-Littlewood polynomials of type B and C by compressing the corresponding\ninstances of Schwer's formula.\n" }, { "id": "ae68b2a2-2733-499e-b48b-fd502ed15729", "adv_source_id": "ae68b2a2-2733-499e-b48b-fd502ed15729", "source_id": "ae68b2a2-2733-499e-b48b-fd502ed15729", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Contributions to Khovanov Homology", "prompt": null, "generation": " Khovanov homology ist a new link invariant, discovered by M. Khovanov, and\nused by J. Rasmussen to give a combinatorial proof of the Milnor conjecture. In\nthis thesis, we give examples of mutant links with different Khovanov homology.\nWe prove that Khovanov's chain complex retracts to a subcomplex, whose\ngenerators are related to spanning trees of the Tait graph, and we exploit this\nresult to investigate the structure of Khovanov homology for alternating knots.\nFurther, we extend Rasmussen's invariant to links. Finally, we generalize\nKhovanov's categorifications of the colored Jones polynomial, and study\nconditions under which our categorifications are functorial with respect to\ncolored framed link cobordisms. In this context, we develop a theory of\nCarter--Saito movie moves for framed link cobordisms.\n" }, { "id": "0b5e8780-b77f-41a4-99e5-c76957287393", "adv_source_id": "0b5e8780-b77f-41a4-99e5-c76957287393", "source_id": "0b5e8780-b77f-41a4-99e5-c76957287393", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "ATCA observations of the very young Planetary Nebula SAO 244567", "prompt": null, "generation": " The radio emission from the youngest known Planetary nebula, SAO244567, has\nbeen mapped at 1384, 2368, 4800, 8640, 16832 and 18752 MHz by using the\nAustralian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). These observations constitute the\nfirst detailed radio study of this very interesting object, as they allow us to\nobtain the overall radio morphology of the source and to compute, for the first\ntime, the radio spectrum up to millimetre range. Radio emission is consistent\nwith free-free from a wind-like shell, which is also the region where most of\nthe [OIII] comes from as revealed by HST images. Physical parameters of the\nradio nebula and of the central star were derived, all consistent with SAO\n244567 being a very young Planetary Nebula still embedded in the dusty remnant\nof the AGB phase. The optically thin radio flux density appear to decrease when\ncompared to data from the literature. Even very appealing, the variability of\nthe radio emission, probably related to the evolution of the central object,\nneeds further investigations.\n" }, { "id": "984e28ec-3623-43fb-9d9f-e43df44ae9c2", "adv_source_id": "984e28ec-3623-43fb-9d9f-e43df44ae9c2", "source_id": "984e28ec-3623-43fb-9d9f-e43df44ae9c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Automatic crosswind flight of tethered wings for airborne wind energy:\n modeling, control design and experimental results", "prompt": null, "generation": " An approach to control tethered wings for airborne wind energy is proposed. A\nfixed length of the lines is considered, and the aim of the control system is\nto obtain figure-eight crosswind trajectories. The proposed technique is based\non the notion of the wing's \"velocity angle\" and, in contrast with most\nexisting approaches, it does not require a measurement of the wind speed or of\nthe effective wind at the wing's location. Moreover, the proposed approach\nfeatures few parameters, whose effects on the system's behavior are very\nintuitive, hence simplifying tuning procedures. A simplified model of the\nsteering dynamics of the wing is derived from first-principle laws, compared\nwith experimental data and used for the control design. The control algorithm\nis divided into a low-level loop for the velocity angle and a high-level\nguidance strategy to achieve the desired flight patterns. The robustness of the\ninner loop is verified analytically, and the overall control system is tested\nexperimentally on a small-scale prototype, with varying wind conditions and\nusing different wings.\n" }, { "id": "ad235b7d-5faf-4f9b-b337-0adb718908fb", "adv_source_id": "ad235b7d-5faf-4f9b-b337-0adb718908fb", "source_id": "ad235b7d-5faf-4f9b-b337-0adb718908fb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A dynamical point of view of Quantum Information: entropy, pressure and\n Wigner measures", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum Information is a new area of research which has been growing rapidly\nsince the last decade. This topic is very close to potential applications to\nthe so called Quantum Computer. In our point of view it makes sense to develop\na more \"dynamical point of view\" of this theory. We want to consider the\nconcepts of entropy and pressure for \"stationary systems\" acting on density\nmatrices which generalize the usual ones in Ergodic Theory (in the sense of the\nThermodynamic Formalism of R. Bowen, Y. Sinai and D. Ruelle). We consider the\noperator $\\mathcal{L}$ acting on density matrices $\\rho\\in \\mathcal{M}_N$ over\na finite $N$-dimensional complex Hilbert space $\\mathcal{L}(\\rho):=\\sum_{i=1}^k\ntr(W_i\\rho W_i^*)V_i\\rho V_i^*,$ where $W_i$ and $V_i$, $i=1,2,... k$ are\noperators in this Hilbert space. $\\mathcal{L}$ is not a linear operator. In\nsome sense this operator is a version of an Iterated Function System (IFS).\nNamely, the $V_i (.) V_i^*=:F_i(.)$, $i=1,2,...,k$, play the role of the\ninverse branches (acting on the configuration space of density matrices $\\rho$)\nand the $W_i$ play the role of the weights one can consider on the IFS. We also\nanalyze the discrete Wigner function.\n We suppose that for all $\\rho$ we have that $\\sum_{i=1}^k tr(W_i\\rho\nW_i^*)=1$. A family $W:=\\{W_i\\}_{i=1,..., k}$ determines a Quantum Iterated\nFunction System (QIFS) $\\mathcal{F}_{W}$,\n$\\mathcal{F}_W=\\{\\mathcal{M}_N,F_i,W_i\\}_{i=1,..., k}.$\n" }, { "id": "6ed035aa-756b-4521-85d1-2fe6a43d00ae", "adv_source_id": "6ed035aa-756b-4521-85d1-2fe6a43d00ae", "source_id": "6ed035aa-756b-4521-85d1-2fe6a43d00ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The QCD trace anomaly", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this brief report we compare the predictions of a recent\nnext-to-next-to-leading order hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory (HTLpt)\ncalculation of the QCD trace anomaly to available lattice data. We focus on the\ntrace anomaly scaled by T^2 in two cases: N_f=0 and N_f=3. When using the\ncanonical value of mu = 2 pi T for the renormalization scale, we find that for\nYang-Mills theory (N_f=0) agreement between HTLpt and lattice data for the\nT^2-scaled trace anomaly begins at temperatures on the order of 8 T_c while\nwhen including quarks (N_f=3) agreement begins already at temperatures above 2\nT_c. In both cases we find that at very high temperatures the T^2-scaled trace\nanomaly increases with temperature in accordance with the predictions of HTLpt.\n" }, { "id": "0b53c60d-f976-41ad-a623-e0163fda9aef", "adv_source_id": "0b53c60d-f976-41ad-a623-e0163fda9aef", "source_id": "0b53c60d-f976-41ad-a623-e0163fda9aef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structure of potentials with $N$ Higgs doublets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Extensions of the Standard Model with $N$ Higgs doublets are simple\nextensions presenting a rich mathematical structure. An underlying Minkowski\nstructure emerges from the study of both variable space and parameter space.\nThe former can be completely parametrized in terms of two future lightlike\nMinkowski vectors with spatial parts forming an angle whose cosine is\n$-(N-1)^{-1}$. For the parameter space, the Minkowski parametrization enables\none to impose sufficient conditions for bounded below potentials, characterize\ncertain classes of local minima and distinguish charge breaking vacua from\nneutral vacua. A particular class of neutral minima presents a degenerate mass\nspectrum for the physical charged Higgs bosons.\n" }, { "id": "30745312-896b-4257-8188-56aba9f3e659", "adv_source_id": "30745312-896b-4257-8188-56aba9f3e659", "source_id": "30745312-896b-4257-8188-56aba9f3e659", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effects of Cutoff Functions of Tersoff Potentials on Molecular Dynamics\n Simulations of Thermal Transport", "prompt": null, "generation": " Past molecular dynamics studies of thermal transport have predominantly used\nStillinger-Weber potentials. As materials continuously shrink, their properties\nincreasingly depend on defect and surface effects. Unfortunately,\nStillinger-Weber potentials are best used for diamond-cubic-like bulk crystals.\nThey cannot represent the energies of many metastable phases, nor can they\naccurately predict the energetics of defective and surface regions. To study\nnanostructured materials, where these regions can dominate thermal transport,\nthe accuracy of Tersoff potentials in representing these structures is more\ndesirable. Based upon an analysis of thermal transport in a GaN system, we\ndemonstrate that the cutoff function of the existing Tersoff potentials may\nlead to problems in determining the thermal conductivity. To remedy this issue,\nimproved cutoff schemes are proposed and evaluated.\n" }, { "id": "c4bfa4cd-389c-48d4-94e5-e429e6fc2ef2", "adv_source_id": "c4bfa4cd-389c-48d4-94e5-e429e6fc2ef2", "source_id": "c4bfa4cd-389c-48d4-94e5-e429e6fc2ef2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spitzer detection of PAH and silicate features in post-AGB stars and\n young Planetary Nebulae", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have observed a small sample of hot post-AGB stars with the InfraRed Array\nCamera (IRAC) and the InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) on-board the Spitzer Space\nTelescope. The stars were selected from the literature on the basis of their\nfar-Infrared excess (i.e., post-AGB candidates) and B spectral type (i.e.,\nclose to the ionization of the envelope). The combination of our IRAC\nobservations with 2MASS and IRAS catalog data, along with previous radio\nobservations in the cm range (where available) allowed us to model the SEDs of\nour targets and find that in almost all of them at least two shells of dust at\ndifferent temperatures must be present, the hot dust component ranging up to\n1000 K. In several targets grains larger than 1 micron are needed to match the\nfar-IR data points. In particular, in IRAS 17423-1755 grains up to 100 micron\nmust be introduced to match the emission in the mm range.\n We obtained IRS spectra to identify the chemistry of the envelopes and found\nthat more than 1/3 of the sources in our sample have mixed chemistry, showing\nboth mid-IR bands attributed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and\nsilicate features. The analysis of the PAH features indicates that these\nmolecules are located in the outflows, far away from the central stars. We\nconsider the larger than expected percentage of mixed-chemistry targets as a\nselection bias towards stars with a disk or torus around them. Our results\nstrengthen the current picture of mixed chemistry being due to the spatial\nsegregation of different dust populations in the envelopes.\n" }, { "id": "2d667fac-45f5-4099-8fe6-693bfd26aa41", "adv_source_id": "2d667fac-45f5-4099-8fe6-693bfd26aa41", "source_id": "2d667fac-45f5-4099-8fe6-693bfd26aa41", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Schwarzschild generalized black hole horizon and the embedding space", "prompt": null, "generation": " By performing a Taylor expansion along the extra dimension of a metric\ndescribing a black hole on a brane, we explore the influence of the embedding\nspace on the black hole horizon. In particular, it is shown that the existence\nof a Kottler correction of the black hole on the brane, in a viable braneworld\nscenario, might represent the radius of the black string collapsing to zero,\nfor some point(s) on the black string axis of symmetry along the extra\ndimension. Further scrutiny on such black hole corrections by braneworld\neffects is elicited, the well-known results in the literature are recovered as\nlimiting cases, and we assert and show that when the radius of the black string\ntransversal section is zero, as one moves away from the brane into the bulk, is\nindeed a singularity.\n" }, { "id": "15b77c16-fb7f-4e52-90ab-e95bf7253a01", "adv_source_id": "15b77c16-fb7f-4e52-90ab-e95bf7253a01", "source_id": "15b77c16-fb7f-4e52-90ab-e95bf7253a01", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A New Three-DOF Parallel Mechanism: Milling Machine Applications", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper describes a new parallel kinematic architecture for machining\napplications, namely, the orthoglide. This machine features three fixed\nparallel linear joints which are mounted orthogonally and a mobile platform\nwhich moves in the Cartesian x-y-z space with fixed orientation. The main\ninterest of the orthoglide is that it takes benefit from the advantages of the\npopular PPP serial machines (regular Cartesian workspace shape and uniform\nperformances) as well as from the parallel kinematic arrangement of the links\n(less inertia and better dynamic performances), which makes the orthoglide well\nsuited to high-speed machining applications. Possible extension of the\northoglide to 5-axis machining is also investigated.\n" }, { "id": "6a83a35b-f259-407c-97ce-db7fed8b6611", "adv_source_id": "6a83a35b-f259-407c-97ce-db7fed8b6611", "source_id": "6a83a35b-f259-407c-97ce-db7fed8b6611", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectroscopy of the spatially-extended Lya emission around a QSO at\n z=6.4", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have taken a deep, moderate-resolution Keck/Deimos spectra of QSO,\nCFHQS2329, at z=6.4. At the wavelength of Lya, the spectrum shows a\nspatially-extended component, which is significantly more extended than a\nstellar spectrum, and also a continuum part of the spectrum. The restframe line\nwidth of the extended component is 21+-7 A, and thus smaller than that of QSO\n(52+-4 A), where they should be identical if the light is incomplete\nsubtraction of the QSO component. Therefore, these comparisons argue for the\ndetection of a spatially extended Lya nebulae around this QSO. This is the\nfirst z>6 QSO that an extended Lya halo has been observed around. Careful\nsubtraction of the central QSO spectrum reveals a lower limit to the Lya\nluminosity of (1.7+-0.1)x 10^43 erg s^-1. This emission may be from the\ntheoretically predicted infalling gas in the process of forming a primordial\ngalaxy that is ionized by a central QSO. On the other hand, if it is\nphotoionized by the host galaxy, an estimated star-formation rate of >3.0 Msun\nyr^-1 is required.\n If we assume the gas is virialized, we obtain dynamical mass estimate of\nMdyn=1.2x10^12 Msun. The derived MBH/Mhost is 2.1x10^-4, which is two orders\nsmaller than those from more massive z~6 QSOs, and places this galaxy in\naccordance with the local M-sigma relation, in contrast to a previous claim on\nthe evolution of M-sigma relation at z~6. We do not claim evolution or\nnon-evolution of the M-sigma relation based on a single object, but our result\nhighlights the importance of investigating fainter QSOs at z~6.\n" }, { "id": "b41ccf1e-ee9a-45dc-bc4a-5015c9f5b91f", "adv_source_id": "b41ccf1e-ee9a-45dc-bc4a-5015c9f5b91f", "source_id": "b41ccf1e-ee9a-45dc-bc4a-5015c9f5b91f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Closed virial equations for hard parallel cubes and squares", "prompt": null, "generation": " A correlation between maxima in virial coefficients (Bn), and \"kissing\"\nnumbers for hard hyper-spheres up to dimension D=5, indicates a virial equation\nand close-packing relationship. Known virial coefficients up to B7, both for\nhard parallel cubes and squares, indicate that the limiting differences\nBn-B(n-1) behave similar to spheres and disks, in the respective expansions\nrelative to maximum close packing. In all cases, the increment Bn-B(n-1) will\napproach a negative constant with similar functional form in each dimension.\nThis observation enables closed-virial equations-of-state for cubes and squares\nto be obtained. In both the 3D and 2D cases, the virial pressures begin to\ndeviate from MD thermodynamic pressures at densities well-below\ncrystallization. These results consolidate the general conclusion, from\nprevious papers on spheres and disks, that the Mayer cluster expansion cannot\nrepresent the thermodynamic fluid phases up to freezing as commonly assumed in\nstatistical theories.\n" }, { "id": "742d104e-fb88-4c50-9678-124b3fcc5a4b", "adv_source_id": "742d104e-fb88-4c50-9678-124b3fcc5a4b", "source_id": "742d104e-fb88-4c50-9678-124b3fcc5a4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mass and width of the Upsilon(4S)", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent data on e(-)+e(+)-->b+anti-b by the BABAR Collaboration [B. Aubert et\nal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 012001 (2009), arXiv:0809.4120] in the energy range\ndelimited by the B+anti-B and Lambda(b)(+)+Lambda(b)(-) thresholds are analyzed\nin a multichannel formalism that incorporates the usual Breit-Wigner\nresonances, but interfering with a background signal due to the opening of\nopen-bottom thresholds. In particular, the Upsilon(4S) resonance is determined\nto have a mass of 10.735 GeV and a width of 38 MeV. Also two higher Upsilon\nresonances are identified, parametrized, and classified.\n Moreover, it is found that near the B+anti-B threshold open-bottom production\nin electron-positron annihilation is dominated by the reaction chain\ne(-)+e(+)-->n+anti-n-->B+anti-B (n=u/d) rather than\ne(-)+e(+)-->b+anti-b-->B+anti-B whereas near the B(s)+anti-B(s) threshold the\nreaction chain e(-)+e(+)-->s+anti-s-->B+anti-B dominates the production\namplitude.\n The vital role played in this analysis by the universal confinement\nfrequency, defined in 1980 [E. van Beveren, C. Dullemond, and G. Rupp, Phys.\nRev. D21, 772 (1980)] and accurately determined in 1983 [E. van Beveren, G.\nRupp, T.A. Rijken, and C. Dullemond, Phys. Rev. D27, 1527 (1983)], is further\nconfirmed.\n" }, { "id": "da30c2f9-5dae-4a4d-b1ce-6fb0e7b31f62", "adv_source_id": "da30c2f9-5dae-4a4d-b1ce-6fb0e7b31f62", "source_id": "da30c2f9-5dae-4a4d-b1ce-6fb0e7b31f62", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Fayet-Iliopoulos term and nonlinear self-duality", "prompt": null, "generation": " The N = 1 supersymmetric Born-Infeld action is known to describe the vector\nGoldstone multiplet for partially broken N = 2 rigid supersymmetry, and this\nmodel is believed to be unique. However, it can be deformed by adding the\nFayet-Iliopoulos term without losing the second nonlinearly realized\nsupersymmetry. Although the first supersymmetry then becomes spontaneously\nbroken, the deformed action still describes partial N = 2 to N = 1\nsupersymmetry breaking. The unbroken supercharges in this theory correspond to\na different choice of N = 1 subspace in the N = 2 superspace, as compared with\nthe undeformed case. Implications of the Fayet-Iliopoulos term for general\nmodels for self-dual nonlinear supersymmetric electrodynamics are discussed.\nThe known ubiquitous appearance of the Volkov-Akulov action in such models is\nexplained. We also present a two-parameter duality-covariant deformation of the\nN = 1 supersymmetric Born-Infeld action as a model for partial breaking of N =\n2 supersymmetry.\n" }, { "id": "8baec577-3f35-4a3c-abfd-7dd1dc2d523f", "adv_source_id": "8baec577-3f35-4a3c-abfd-7dd1dc2d523f", "source_id": "8baec577-3f35-4a3c-abfd-7dd1dc2d523f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Excitation of slow MJO-like Kelvin waves in the equatorial atmosphere by\n Yanai wave-group via WISHE-induced convection", "prompt": null, "generation": " The intraseasonal Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) involves a slow\neastward-propagating signal in the tropical atmosphere which significantly\ninfluences climate yet is not well understood despite significant theoretical\nand observational progress.\n We study the atmosphere's response to nonlinear \"Wind Induced Surface Heat\nExchange\" (WISHE) forcing in the tropics using a simple shallow water\natmospheric model. The model produces an interestingly rich interannual\nbehavior including a slow, eastward propagating equatorial westerly multiscale\nsignal, not consistent with any free linear waves, and with MJO-like\ncharacteristics. It is shown that the slow signal is due to a Kelvin wave\nforced by WISHE due to the meridional wind induced by a Yanai wave group. The\nforced Kelvin wave has a velocity similar to the group velocity of the Yanai\nwaves, allowing the two to interact nonlinearly via the WISHE term while slowly\npropagating eastward. These results may have implications for observed tropical\nWISHE-related atmospheric intraseasonal phenomena.\n" }, { "id": "bcea5d26-919d-4af9-aa5e-bdf64b64c2fc", "adv_source_id": "bcea5d26-919d-4af9-aa5e-bdf64b64c2fc", "source_id": "bcea5d26-919d-4af9-aa5e-bdf64b64c2fc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The stellar populations of massive galaxies in the local Universe", "prompt": null, "generation": " I present a brief review of the stellar population properties of massive\ngalaxies, focusing on early-type galaxies in particular, with emphasis on\nrecent results from the ATLAS3D Survey. I discuss the occurrence of young\nstellar ages, cold gas, and ongoing star formation in early-type galaxies, the\npresence of which gives important clues to the evolutionary path of these\ngalaxies. Consideration of empirical star formation histories gives a\nmeaningful picture of galaxy stellar population properties, and allows accurate\ncomparison of mass estimates from populations and dynamics. This has recently\nprovided strong evidence of a non-universal IMF, as supported by other recent\nevidences. Spatially-resolved studies of stellar populations are also crucial\nto connect distinct components within galaxies to spatial structures seen in\nother wavelengths or parameters. Stellar populations in the faint outer\nenvelopes of early-type galaxies are a formidable frontier for observers, but\npromise to put constraints on the ratio of accreted stellar mass versus that\nformed 'in situ' - a key feature of recent galaxy formation models. Galaxy\nenvironment appears to play a key role in controlling the stellar population\nproperties of low mass galaxies. Simulations remind us, however, that current\nday galaxies are the product of a complex assembly and environment history,\nwhich gives rise to the trends we see. This has strong implications for our\ninterpretation of environmental trends.\n" }, { "id": "575f7e23-f838-4355-bd90-ad28f4be0081", "adv_source_id": "575f7e23-f838-4355-bd90-ad28f4be0081", "source_id": "575f7e23-f838-4355-bd90-ad28f4be0081", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Future singularity avoidance in phantom dark energy models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Different approaches to quantum cosmology are studied in order to deal with\nthe future singularity avoidance problem. Our results show that these future\nsingularities will persist but could take different forms. As an example we\nhave studied the big rip which appear when one considers the state equation\n$P=\\omega\\rho$ with $\\omega<-1$, showing that it does not disappear in modified\ngravity. On the other hand, it is well-known that quantum geometric effects\n(holonomy corrections) in loop quantum cosmology introduce a quadratic\nmodification, namely proportional to $\\rho^2$, in Friedmann's equation that\nreplace the big rip by a non-singular bounce. However this modified Friedmann\nequation could have been obtained in an inconsistent way, what means that the\nobtained results from this equation, in particular singularity avoidance, would\nbe incorrect. In fact, we will show that instead of a non-singular bounce, the\nbig rip singularity would be replaced, in loop quantum cosmology, by other kind\nof singularity.\n" }, { "id": "db1d9145-eace-4393-ba72-9e922cc79174", "adv_source_id": "db1d9145-eace-4393-ba72-9e922cc79174", "source_id": "db1d9145-eace-4393-ba72-9e922cc79174", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gamma-rays from anisotropic IC e^{\\pm} pair cascades in microquasars:\n Application to Cyg X-3", "prompt": null, "generation": " Microquasars have been expected to emit high energy gamma-rays due to their\ngeneral similarities to the gamma-ray emitting blazars (evidences of\nrelativistic jets, non-thermal radio to X-ray emission). In fact, the first\nsource of this type, Cyg X-3, has been recently unambiguously discovered by the\nsatellite telescopes. We study the features of the gamma-ray radiation produced\nin these sources by relativistic electrons, accelerated in the inner part of\nthe jet. The electrons initiate an Inverse Compton e^\\pm pair cascade in the\nradiation field of the accretion disk. Due to the anisotropy of the accretion\ndisk radiation field, the spectra of gamma-rays show strong dependence on the\nobservation angle, the location of the emission region within the jet and the\ndetails of the acceleration process. As an example, we confront our model with\nthe observations of the microquasar Cyg X-3, which has been recently reported\nas a transient GeV gamma-ray source by the Agile and the Fermi Observatories.\nSatisfactory description of the gamma-ray spectra observed from Cyg X-3 are\nobtained in the case of the injection of electrons in the inner part of the jet\n(located within 300 inner disk radius from the jet base) provided that the\nobserver is located at relatively small angle to the jet axis.\n" }, { "id": "5ae734c5-cdca-4d77-a9b7-928cb1804e42", "adv_source_id": "5ae734c5-cdca-4d77-a9b7-928cb1804e42", "source_id": "5ae734c5-cdca-4d77-a9b7-928cb1804e42", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Resonance-Parton Duality and the Transverse Response of Nucleons", "prompt": null, "generation": " QCD-based scaling arguments predict the predominance of longitudinal over\ntransverse electroproduction of pions by terms $\\propto Q^2$. However, data\nfrom JLAB, Cornell and DESY, covering a wide kinematical range $1 < Q^2 < 11\\,\n{\\rm GeV}^2$ and $2\\, {\\rm GeV} < W < 4\\, {\\rm GeV}$, do not show this expected\nbehavior. At the same time standard descriptions of pion-electroproduction on\nnucleons have given a very good description of the longitudinal components of\nthe cross sections. However, these very same models have failed grossly in\ndescribing the transverse component. We discuss here a common solution to these\ntwo problems by considering the contributions of high-lying ($W > 2$ GeV)\nnucleon resonances to pion production. The coupling strengths and form factors\nare obtained through hadron-parton duality. We show that an excellent\ndescription of data in a wide range of electron energies and four-momentum\ntransfers can be obtained in such a model.\n" }, { "id": "c198c6d8-9d9a-46ad-96a8-e93ded80d7ef", "adv_source_id": "c198c6d8-9d9a-46ad-96a8-e93ded80d7ef", "source_id": "c198c6d8-9d9a-46ad-96a8-e93ded80d7ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Quasi-separation Principle and Newton-like Scheme for Coherent Quantum\n LQG Control", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is concerned with constructing an optimal controller in the\ncoherent quantum Linear Quadratic Gaussian problem. A coherent quantum\ncontroller is itself a quantum system and is required to be physically\nrealizable. The use of coherent control avoids the need for classical\nmeasurements, which inherently entail the loss of quantum information. Physical\nrealizability corresponds to the equivalence of the controller to an open\nquantum harmonic oscillator and relates its state-space matrices to the\nHamiltonian, coupling and scattering operators of the oscillator. The\nHamiltonian parameterization of the controller is combined with Frechet\ndifferentiation of the LQG cost with respect to the state-space matrices to\nobtain equations for the optimal controller. A quasi-separation principle for\nthe gain matrices of the quantum controller is established, and a Newton-like\niterative scheme for numerical solution of the equations is outlined.\n" }, { "id": "84889793-47ea-4f66-aa4a-fbeee93a4124", "adv_source_id": "84889793-47ea-4f66-aa4a-fbeee93a4124", "source_id": "84889793-47ea-4f66-aa4a-fbeee93a4124", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Is a system's wave function in one-to-one correspondence with its\n elements of reality?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Although quantum mechanics is one of our most successful physical theories,\nthere has been a long-standing debate about the interpretation of the wave\nfunction---the central object of the theory. Two prominent views are that (i)\nit corresponds to an element of reality, i.e. an objective attribute that\nexists before measurement, and (ii) it is a subjective state of knowledge about\nsome underlying reality. A recent result [Pusey et al. arXiv:1111.3328] has\nplaced the subjective interpretation into doubt, showing that it would\ncontradict certain physically plausible assumptions, in particular that\nmultiple systems can be prepared such that their elements of reality are\nuncorrelated. Here we show, based only on the assumption that measurement\nsettings can be chosen freely, that a system's wave function is in one-to-one\ncorrespondence with its elements of reality. This also eliminates the\npossibility that it can be interpreted subjectively.\n" }, { "id": "0c21206a-2287-487b-a2fb-a2fc38ef8ce5", "adv_source_id": "0c21206a-2287-487b-a2fb-a2fc38ef8ce5", "source_id": "0c21206a-2287-487b-a2fb-a2fc38ef8ce5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pressure induced superconductor quantum critical point in multi-band\n systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " In multi-band superconductors as inter-metallic systems and heavy fermions,\nexternal pressure can reduce the critical temperature and eventually destroy\nsuperconductivity driving these systems to the normal state. In many cases this\ntransition is continuous and is associated with a superconducting quantum\ncritical point (SQCP). In this work we study a two-band superconductor in the\npresence of hybridization V. This one-body mixing term is due to the overlap of\nthe different wave-functions. It can be tuned by external pressure and turns\nout as an important control parameter to study the phase diagram and the nature\nof the phase transitions. We use a BCS approximation and include both inter and\nintra-band attractive interactions. For negligible inter-band interactions, as\nhybridization (pressure) increases we find a SQCP separating a superconductor\nfrom a normal state at a critical value of the hybridization Vc. We obtain the\nbehavior of the electronic specific heat close to the SQCP and the shape of the\ncritical line as V approaches Vc.\n" }, { "id": "04929c1c-6216-4a3d-8b93-3fa7cf1daa7a", "adv_source_id": "04929c1c-6216-4a3d-8b93-3fa7cf1daa7a", "source_id": "04929c1c-6216-4a3d-8b93-3fa7cf1daa7a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Eurybates - the only asteroid family among Trojans?", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study orbital and physical properties of Trojan asteroids of Jupiter. We\ntry to discern all families previously discussed in literature, but we conclude\nthere is only one significant family among Trojans, namely the cluster around\nasteroid (3548) Eurybates. It is the only cluster, which has all of the\nfollowing characteristics: (i) it is clearly concentrated in the proper-element\nspace; (ii) size-frequency distribution is different from background asteroids;\n(iii) we have a reasonable collisional/dynamical model of the family.\nHenceforth, we can consider it as a real collisional family.\n We also report a discovery of a possible family around the asteroid (4709)\nEnnomos, composed mostly of small asteroids. The asteroid (4709) Ennomos is\nknown to have a very high albedo $p_V \\simeq 0.15$, which may be related to a\nhypothetical cratering event which exposed ice (Fern\\'andez et al. 2003). The\nrelation between the collisional family and the exposed surface of the parent\nbody is a unique opportunity to study the physics of cratering events. However,\nmore data are needed to confirm the existence of this family and its\nrelationship with Ennomos.\n" }, { "id": "e7901b65-29d9-4b1f-a531-bd5337beb17a", "adv_source_id": "e7901b65-29d9-4b1f-a531-bd5337beb17a", "source_id": "e7901b65-29d9-4b1f-a531-bd5337beb17a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Implementation of an Optimised Cassegrain System for Radio Telescopes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the antenna design for a radio interferometer, the Arcminute\nMicrokelvin Imager, together with its beam pattern measurement. Our aim was to\ndevelop a low-cost system with high aperture efficiency and low ground-spill\nacross the frequency range 12-18GHz. We use a modified cassegrain system\nconsisting of a commercially-available paraboloidal primary mirror with a\ndiameter of 3.7m, and a shaped secondary mirror. The secondary mirror is\noversized with respect to a ray-optics design and has a surface that is bent\ntowards the primary near its outer edge using a square term for the shaping.\nThe antennas are simple to manufacture and therefore their cost is low. The\ndesign increased the antenna gain by approximately 10 per cent compared to a\nnormal Cassegrain system while still maintaining low contamination from\nground-spill and using a simple design for the horn.\n" }, { "id": "6d66da78-d13f-41ee-8950-4aaf9a613868", "adv_source_id": "6d66da78-d13f-41ee-8950-4aaf9a613868", "source_id": "6d66da78-d13f-41ee-8950-4aaf9a613868", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Understanding Pound-Drever-Hall locking using voltage controlled\n radio-frequency oscillators: An undergraduate experiment", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have developed a senior undergraduate experiment that illustrates\nfrequency stabilization techniques using radio-frequency electronics. The\nprimary objective is to frequency stabilize a voltage controlled oscillator to\na cavity resonance at 800 MHz using the Pound-Drever-Hall method. This\ntechnique is commonly applied to stabilize lasers at optical frequencies. By\nusing only radio-frequency equipment it is possible to systematically study\naspects of the technique more thoroughly, inexpensively, and free from eye\nhazards. Students also learn about modular radio-frequency electronics and\nbasic feedback control loops. By varying the temperature of the resonator,\nstudents can determine the thermal expansion coefficients of copper, aluminum,\nand super invar.\n" }, { "id": "a0b049cb-3efd-41c3-a4ab-82f56312057b", "adv_source_id": "a0b049cb-3efd-41c3-a4ab-82f56312057b", "source_id": "a0b049cb-3efd-41c3-a4ab-82f56312057b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Degrees of freedom of tongue movements in speech may be constrained by\n biomechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " A number of studies carried out on different languages have found that tongue\nmovements in speech are made along two primary degrees of freedom (d.f.s): the\nhigh-front to low-back axis and the high-back to low-front axis. We explore the\nhypothesis that these two main d.f.s could find their origins in the physical\nproperties of the vocal tract. A large set of tongue shapes was generated with\na biomechanical tongue model using a Monte-Carlo method to thoroughly sample\nthe muscle control space. The resulting shapes were analyzed with PCA. The\nfirst two factors explain 84% of the variance, and they are similar to the two\nexperimentally observed d.f.s. This finding suggests that the d.f.s. are not\nspeech-specific, and that speech takes advantage of biomechanically based\ntongue properties to form different sounds.\n" }, { "id": "1ede498b-d57a-45af-b821-85f8650427df", "adv_source_id": "1ede498b-d57a-45af-b821-85f8650427df", "source_id": "1ede498b-d57a-45af-b821-85f8650427df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of the $J/\\psi \\to \\phi (\\omega) f_2(1270)$, $J/\\psi \\to \\phi\n (\\omega) f'_2(1525)$ and $J/\\psi \\to K^{*0}(892) \\bar{K}^{* 0}_2(1430)$\n decays", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an approach to study the decay modes of the $J/\\psi$ into a vector\nmeson and a tensor meson, taking into account the nature of the $f_2(1270)$,\n$f'_2(1525)$, $\\bar{K}^{* 0}_2(1430)$ resonances as dynamically generated\nstates from the vector meson-vector meson interaction. We evaluate four ratios\nof partial decay widths in terms of a flavor dependent OZI breaking parameter\nand the results obtained compare favorably with experiment. The fit to the data\nis possible due to the particular strength and sign of the couplings of the\nresonances to pairs of vector mesons given by the theory, thus providing a\nnontrivial test for the idea of these tensor states as dynamically generated\nfrom the vector-vector interaction.\n" }, { "id": "c38dda7d-b188-4b80-b2a2-b7a99bd9e040", "adv_source_id": "c38dda7d-b188-4b80-b2a2-b7a99bd9e040", "source_id": "c38dda7d-b188-4b80-b2a2-b7a99bd9e040", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observation of Superfluidity of Polaritons in Semiconductor\n Microcavities", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the most striking manifestations of quantum coherence in interacting\nboson systems is superfluidity. Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor\nmicrocavities are two-dimensional composite bosons predicted to behave as\nparticular quantum fluids. We report the observation of superfluid motion of\npolaritons created by a laser in a semiconductor microcavity. Superfluidity is\ninvestigated in terms of the Landau criterion and manifests itself as the\nsuppression of scattering from defects when the flow velocity is slower than\nthe speed of sound in the fluid. On the other hand, a Cerenkov-like wake\npattern is clearly observed when the flow velocity exceeds the speed of sound.\nThe experimental findings are in excellent quantitative agreement with the\npredictions based on a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii theory, showing that\npolaritons in microcavities constitute a very rich system for exploring the\nphysics of non-equilibrium quantum fluids.\n" }, { "id": "6d63bcca-e816-418b-94d8-f3305f3b2748", "adv_source_id": "6d63bcca-e816-418b-94d8-f3305f3b2748", "source_id": "6d63bcca-e816-418b-94d8-f3305f3b2748", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Adventures of the Rocketeer: Accelerated Motion Under the Influence\n of Expanding Space", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is well known that interstellar travel is bounded by the finite speed of\nlight, but on very large scales any rocketeer would also need to consider the\ninfluence of cosmological expansion on their journey. This paper examines\naccelerated journeys within the framework of Friedmann-\nLemaitre-Robertson-Walker universes, illustrating how the duration of a fixed\nacceleration sharply divides exploration over interstellar and intergalactic\ndistances. Furthermore, we show how the universal expansion increases the\ndifficulty of intergalactic navigation, with small uncertainties in\ncosmological parameters resulting in significantly large deviations. This paper\nalso shows that, contrary to simplistic ideas, the motion of any rocketeer is\nindistinguishable from Newtonian gravity if the acceleration is kept small.\n" }, { "id": "dc311f60-93c1-49d1-a670-1e43561385ce", "adv_source_id": "dc311f60-93c1-49d1-a670-1e43561385ce", "source_id": "dc311f60-93c1-49d1-a670-1e43561385ce", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Closed-Loop Learning of Visual Control Policies", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we present a general, flexible framework for learning mappings\nfrom images to actions by interacting with the environment. The basic idea is\nto introduce a feature-based image classifier in front of a reinforcement\nlearning algorithm. The classifier partitions the visual space according to the\npresence or absence of few highly informative local descriptors that are\nincrementally selected in a sequence of attempts to remove perceptual aliasing.\nWe also address the problem of fighting overfitting in such a greedy algorithm.\nFinally, we show how high-level visual features can be generated when the power\nof local descriptors is insufficient for completely disambiguating the aliased\nstates. This is done by building a hierarchy of composite features that consist\nof recursive spatial combinations of visual features. We demonstrate the\nefficacy of our algorithms by solving three visual navigation tasks and a\nvisual version of the classical Car on the Hill control problem.\n" }, { "id": "187e9dbe-8907-4ed4-b953-369d1e0c0740", "adv_source_id": "187e9dbe-8907-4ed4-b953-369d1e0c0740", "source_id": "187e9dbe-8907-4ed4-b953-369d1e0c0740", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quaternionic and Hyper-K\\\"ahler Metrics from Generalized Sigma Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " The problem of finding new metrics of interest, in the context of SUGRA, is\nreduced to two stages: first, solving a generalized BPS sigma model with full\nquaternionic structure proposed by the authors and, second, constructing the\nhyper-K\\\"{a}hler metric, or suitable deformations of this condition, taking\nadvantage of the correspondence between the quaternionic left-regular potential\nand the hyper-K\\\"{a}hler metric of the target space. As illustration, new\nsolutions are obtained using generalized Q-sigma model for Wess-Zumino type\nsuperpotentials. Explicit solutions analog to the Berger's sphere and\nAbraham-Townsend type are given and generalizations of 4-dimensional\nquaternionic metrics, product of complex ones, are shown and discussed.\n" }, { "id": "159b71aa-1363-4e21-810e-c6e1d0d3eec9", "adv_source_id": "159b71aa-1363-4e21-810e-c6e1d0d3eec9", "source_id": "159b71aa-1363-4e21-810e-c6e1d0d3eec9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Specific-heat study of superconducting and normal states in FeSe1-xTex\n (0.6<=x<=1) single crystals: Strong-coupling superconductivity, strong\n electron-correlation, and inhomogeneity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The electronic specific heat of as-grown and annealed single-crystals of\nFeSe1-xTex (0.6<=x<=1) has been investigated. It has been found that annealed\nsingle-crystals with x=0.6-0.9 exhibit bulk superconductivity with a clear\nspecific-heat jump at the superconducting (SC) transition temperature, Tc. Both\n2Delta_0/kBTc [Delta_0: the SC gap at 0 K estimated using the single-band BCS\ns-wave model] and Delta C/(gamma_n-gamma_0)Tc [Delta C$: the specific-heat jump\nat Tc, gamma_n: the electronic specific-heat coefficient in the normal state,\ngamma_0: the residual electronic specific-heat coefficient at 0 K in the SC\nstate] are largest in the well-annealed single-crystal with x=0.7, i.e., 4.29\nand 2.76, respectively, indicating that the superconductivity is of the strong\ncoupling. The thermodynamic critical field has also been estimated. gamma_n has\nbeen found to be one order of magnitude larger than those estimated from the\nband calculations and increases with increasing x at x=0.6-0.9, which is\nsurmised to be due to the increase in the electronic effective mass, namely,\nthe enhancement of the electron correlation. It has been found that there\nremains a finite value of gamma_0 in the SC state even in the well-annealed\nsingle-crystals with x=0.8-0.9, suggesting an inhomogeneous electronic state in\nreal space and/or momentum space.\n" }, { "id": "18fbd928-b95e-4ecb-bb05-6648483c4505", "adv_source_id": "18fbd928-b95e-4ecb-bb05-6648483c4505", "source_id": "18fbd928-b95e-4ecb-bb05-6648483c4505", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stability of the Einstein Static Universe in open cosmological models", "prompt": null, "generation": " The stability properties of the Einstein Static solution of General\nRelativity are altered when corrective terms arising from modification of the\nunderlying gravitational theory appear in the cosmological equations. In this\npaper the existence and stability of static solutions are considered in the\nframework of two recently proposed quantum gravity models. The previously known\nanalysis of the Einstein Static solutions in the semiclassical regime of Loop\nQuantum Cosmology with modifications to the gravitational sector is extended to\nopen cosmological models where a static neutrally stable solution is found. A\nsimilar analysis is also performed in the framework of Horava-Lifshitz gravity\nunder detailed balance and projectability conditions. In the case of open\ncosmological models the two solutions found can be either unstable or neutrally\nstable according with the admitted values of the parameters.\n" }, { "id": "b9a0d718-29f6-44b4-83fe-1b1b139d60ca", "adv_source_id": "b9a0d718-29f6-44b4-83fe-1b1b139d60ca", "source_id": "b9a0d718-29f6-44b4-83fe-1b1b139d60ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of Decay Modes B -->K_0^*(1430) phi", "prompt": null, "generation": " Within the framework of perturbative QCD approach based on $\\mathbf{k_T}$\nfactorization, we investigate the charmless decay mode $B \\to K_0^*(1430)\\phi$.\nUnder two different scenarios (S1 and S2) for the description of scalar meson\n$K_0^*(1430)$, we explore the branching fractions and related CP asymmetries.\nBesides the dominant contributions from the factorizable emission diagrams,\npenguin operators in the annihilation diagrams could also provide considerable\ncontributions. The central values of our predictions are larger than those from\nthe QCD factorization in both scenarios. Compared with the experimental\nmeasurements of the BaBar collaboration, the result of neutral channel in the\nS1 agrees with experimental data, while the result of the charged one is a bit\nsmaller than the data. In the S2 scenario, although the central value for the\nbranching fractions of both channels are much larger than the data, the\npredictions could agree with the data due to the large uncertainties to the\nbranching fractions from the hadronic input parameters. The CP asymmetry in the\ncharged channel is small and not sensitive to CKM angle $\\gamma$. With the\naccurate data in near future from the various $B$ factories, these predictions\nwill be under stringent tests.\n" }, { "id": "4048fec6-ecc6-41ab-ac09-8affa441701c", "adv_source_id": "4048fec6-ecc6-41ab-ac09-8affa441701c", "source_id": "4048fec6-ecc6-41ab-ac09-8affa441701c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Keck NIRSPEC Radial Velocity Observations of Late-M dwarfs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the results of an infrared spectroscopic survey of 23 late-M\ndwarfs with the NIRSPEC echelle spectrometer on the Keck II telescope. Using\ntelluric lines for wavelength calibration, we are able to achieve measurement\nprecisions of down to 45 m/s for our late-M dwarfs over a one to four year-long\nbaseline. Our sample contains two stars with RV variations of >1000 m/s. While\nwe require more measurements to determine whether these RV variations are due\nto unseen planetary or stellar companions or are the result of starspots known\nto plague the surface of M dwarfs, we can place upper limits of <40 MJsini on\nthe masses of any companions around those two M dwarfs with RV variations of\n<160 m/s at orbital periods of 10-100 days. We have also measured the\nrotational velocities for all the stars in our late-M dwarf sample and offer\nour multi-order, high-resolution spectra over 2.0 to 2.4 micron to the\natmospheric modeling community to better understand the atmospheres of late-M\ndwarfs.\n" }, { "id": "df894b0a-15af-45a6-a422-eb662e360891", "adv_source_id": "df894b0a-15af-45a6-a422-eb662e360891", "source_id": "df894b0a-15af-45a6-a422-eb662e360891", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Moving least squares via orthogonal polynomials", "prompt": null, "generation": " A method for moving least squares interpolation and differentiation is\npresented in the framework of orthogonal polynomials on discrete points. This\nyields a robust and efficient method which can avoid singularities and\nbreakdowns in the moving least squares method caused by particular\nconfigurations of nodes in the system. The method is tested by applying it to\nthe estimation of first and second derivatives of test functions on random\npoint distributions in two and three dimensions and by examining in detail the\nevaluation of second derivatives on one selected configuration. The accuracy\nand convergence of the method are examined with respect to length scale (point\nseparation) and the number of points used. The method is found to be robust,\naccurate and convergent.\n" }, { "id": "74721fa1-2361-4205-bdb7-69352985e061", "adv_source_id": "74721fa1-2361-4205-bdb7-69352985e061", "source_id": "74721fa1-2361-4205-bdb7-69352985e061", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optical Behavior of GRB 061121 around its X-Ray Shallow Decay Phase", "prompt": null, "generation": " Aims. We report on a detailed study of the optical afterglow of GRB 061121\nwith our original time-series photometric data. In conjunction with X-ray\nobservations, we discuss the origin of its optical and X-ray afterglows.\nMethods. We observed the optical afterglow of Swift burst GRB 061121 with the\nKanata 1.5-m telescope at Higashi-Hiroshima Observatory. Our observation covers\na period just after an X-ray plateau phase. We also performed deep imaging with\nthe Subaru telescope in 2010 in order to estimate the contamination of the host\ngalaxy. Results. In the light curve, we find that the optical afterglow also\nexhibited a break as in the X-ray afterglow. However, our observation suggests\na possible hump structure or a flattening period before the optical break in\nthe light curve. There is no sign of such a hump in the X-ray light curve.\nConclusions. This implies that the emitting region of optical was distinct from\nthat of X-rays. The hump in the optical light curve was possibly caused by the\npassage of the typical frequency of synchrotron emission from another forward\nshock distinct from the early afterglow. The observed decay and spectral\nindices are inconsistent with the standard synchrotron-shock model. Hence, the\nobservation requires a change in microphysical parameters in the shock region\nor a prior activity of the central engine. Alternatively, the emission during\nthe shallow decay phase may be a composition of two forward shock emissions, as\nindicated by the hump structure in the light curve.\n" }, { "id": "0c73d22c-a922-4709-b3e5-edc4b242c3c1", "adv_source_id": "0c73d22c-a922-4709-b3e5-edc4b242c3c1", "source_id": "0c73d22c-a922-4709-b3e5-edc4b242c3c1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "2009 TASI Lecture -- Introduction to Extra Dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a brief introduction to theories with extra dimensions. We first\nintroduce the basic formalism for studying extra-dimensional theories,\nincluding the Kaluza-Klein decomposition and the effective theory for 3-branes.\nWe then focus on two types of scenarios: large extra dimensions as a solution\nto the hierarchy problem and TeV$^{-1}$-size extra dimensions with Standard\nModel fields propagating in them. We discuss the experimental tests and\nconstraints on these scenarios, and also the questions in particle physics\nwhich may be addressed with the help of extra dimensions. This is the write-up\nof the lectures given at the 2009 TASI summer school. Other interesting topics\nsuch as warped extra dimensions are covered by other lecturers.\n" }, { "id": "89628b8c-2738-4cb9-8ab6-f8a20757e19d", "adv_source_id": "89628b8c-2738-4cb9-8ab6-f8a20757e19d", "source_id": "89628b8c-2738-4cb9-8ab6-f8a20757e19d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non Mean-Field Quantum Critical Points from Holography", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct a class of quantum critical points with non-mean-field critical\nexponents via holography. Our approach is phenomenological. Beginning with the\nD3/D5 system at nonzero density and magnetic field which has a chiral phase\ntransition, we simulate the addition of a third control parameter. We then\nidentify a line of quantum critical points in the phase diagram of this theory,\nprovided that the simulated control parameter has dimension less than two. This\nline smoothly interpolates between a second-order transition with mean-field\nexponents at zero magnetic field to a holographic\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition at larger magnetic fields. The\ncritical exponents of these transitions only depend upon the parameters of an\nemergent infrared theory. Moreover, the non-mean-field scaling is destroyed at\nany nonzero temperature. We discuss how generic these transitions are.\n" }, { "id": "ad5ec21b-1a4a-4646-a255-8aa3cab5dce6", "adv_source_id": "ad5ec21b-1a4a-4646-a255-8aa3cab5dce6", "source_id": "ad5ec21b-1a4a-4646-a255-8aa3cab5dce6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scalar curvature and holomorphy potentials", "prompt": null, "generation": " A holomorphy potential is a complex valued function whose complex gradient,\nwith respect to some K\\\"ahler metric, is a holomorphic vector field. Given $k$\nholomorphic vector fields on a compact complex manifold, form, for a given\nK\\\"ahler metric, a product of the following type: a function of the scalar\ncurvature multiplied by functions of the holomorphy potentials of each of the\nvector fields. It is shown that the stipulation that such a product be itself a\nholomorphy potential for yet another vector field singles out critical metrics\nfor a particular functional. This may be regarded as a generalization of the\nextremal metric variation of Calabi, where $k=0$ and the functional is the\nsquare of the $L^2$-norm of the scalar curvature. The existence question for\nsuch metrics is examined in a number of special cases. Examples are constructed\nin the case of certain multifactored product manifolds. For the \\sk metrics\ninvestigated by Derdzinski and Maschler and residing in the complex projective\nspace, it is shown that only one type of nontrivial criticality holds in\ndimension three and above.\n" }, { "id": "3484f8fc-3cc4-4135-ab2f-97646310a4a2", "adv_source_id": "3484f8fc-3cc4-4135-ab2f-97646310a4a2", "source_id": "3484f8fc-3cc4-4135-ab2f-97646310a4a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Canonical quantization of macroscopic electrodynamics in a linear,\n inhomogeneous magneto-electric medium", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a canonical quantization of macroscopic electrodynamics. The\nresults apply to inhomogeneous media with a broad class of linear\nmagneto-electric responses which are consistent with the Kramers-Kronig and\nOnsager relations. Through its ability to accommodate strong dispersion and\nloss, our theory provides a rigorous foundation for the study of quantum\noptical processes in structures incorporating metamaterials, provided these may\nbe modeled as magneto-electric media. Previous canonical treatments of\ndielectric and magneto-dielectric media have expressed the electromagnetic\nfield operators in either a Green function or mode expansion representation.\nHere we present our results in the mode expansion picture with a view to\napplications in guided wave and cavity quantum optics.\n" }, { "id": "27b5f906-870e-418f-b2ef-789312de6ba4", "adv_source_id": "27b5f906-870e-418f-b2ef-789312de6ba4", "source_id": "27b5f906-870e-418f-b2ef-789312de6ba4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The depth of a permutation", "prompt": null, "generation": " For the elements of a Coxeter group, we present a statistic called depth,\ndefined in terms of factorizations of the elements into products of\nreflections. Depth is bounded above by length and below by the average of\nlength and reflection length. In this article, we focus on the case of the\nsymmetric group, where we show that depth is equal to sum_i max{w(i)-i, 0}. We\ncharacterize those permutations for which depth equals length: these are the\n321-avoiding permutations (and hence are enumerated by the Catalan numbers). We\nalso characterize those permutations for which depth equals reflection length:\nthese are permutations avoiding both 321 and 3412 (also known as boolean\npermutations, which we can hence also enumerate). In this case, it also happens\nthat length equals reflection length, leading to a new perspective on a result\nof Edelman.\n" }, { "id": "301e4d58-c074-4079-94fb-0a05fdd4f9cd", "adv_source_id": "301e4d58-c074-4079-94fb-0a05fdd4f9cd", "source_id": "301e4d58-c074-4079-94fb-0a05fdd4f9cd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phenomenology of Dark Matter from A4 Flavor Symmetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate a model in which Dark Matter is stabilized by means of a Z2\nparity that results from the same non-abelian discrete flavor symmetry which\naccounts for the observed pattern of neutrino mixing. In our A4 example the\nstandard model is extended by three extra Higgs doublets and the Z2 parity\nemerges as a remnant of the spontaneous breaking of A4 after electroweak\nsymmetry breaking. We perform an analysis of the parameter space of the model\nconsistent with electroweak precision tests, collider searches and\nperturbativity. We determine the regions compatible with the observed relic\ndark matter density and we present prospects for detection in direct as well as\nindirect Dark Matter search experiments.\n" }, { "id": "36565305-0178-4330-9980-eb397484eed8", "adv_source_id": "36565305-0178-4330-9980-eb397484eed8", "source_id": "36565305-0178-4330-9980-eb397484eed8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectral Energy Distributions of Weak Active Galactic Nuclei Associated\n With Low-Ionization Nuclear Emission Regions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a compilation of spectral energy distributions of 35 weak AGNs in\nLINERs using recent data from the published literature. We make use of\npreviously published compilations of data, after complementing and extending\nthem with more recent data. The main improvement in the recent data is afforded\nby high-spatial resolution observations with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and\nhigh-spatial resolution radio observations utilizing a number of facilities. In\naddition, a considerable number of objects have been observed with the HST in\nthe near-IR through near-UV bands since the earlier compilations were\npublished. The data include upper limits resulting from either non-detections\nor observations at low spatial resolution that do not isolate the AGN. For the\nsake of completeness, we also compute and present a number of quantities from\nthe data, such as alpha-ox, bolometric corrections, bolometric luminosities,\nEddington ratios, and the average SED. We anticipate that these data will be\nuseful for a number of applications. In a companion paper, we use a subset of\nthese data ourselves to assess the energy budgets of LINERs.\n" }, { "id": "a7fcaec0-511c-4854-b024-fa8a5925fc42", "adv_source_id": "a7fcaec0-511c-4854-b024-fa8a5925fc42", "source_id": "a7fcaec0-511c-4854-b024-fa8a5925fc42", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Controlled Lagrangians and Stabilization of Discrete Mechanical Systems\n I", "prompt": null, "generation": " Controlled Lagrangian and matching techniques are developed for the\nstabilization of relative equilibria and equilibria of discrete mechanical\nsystems with symmetry as well as broken symmetry. Interesting new phenomena\narise in the controlled Lagrangian approach in the discrete context that are\nnot present in the continuous theory. In particular, to make the discrete\ntheory effective, one can make an appropriate selection of momentum levels or,\nalternatively, introduce a new parameter into the controlled Lagrangian to\ncomplete the kinetic matching procedure. Specifically, new terms in the\ncontrolled shape equation that are necessary for potential matching in the\ndiscrete setting are introduced. The theory is illustrated with the problem of\nstabilization of the cart-pendulum system on an incline. The paper also\ndiscusses digital and model predictive controllers.\n" }, { "id": "ec1fc7e2-7660-4f63-bd6a-3aa455a7c51c", "adv_source_id": "ec1fc7e2-7660-4f63-bd6a-3aa455a7c51c", "source_id": "ec1fc7e2-7660-4f63-bd6a-3aa455a7c51c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the facial Thue choice index via entropy compression", "prompt": null, "generation": " A sequence is nonrepetitive if it contains no identical consecutive\nsubsequences. An edge colouring of a path is nonrepetitive if the sequence of\ncolours of its consecutive edges is nonrepetitive. By the celebrated\nconstruction of Thue, it is possible to generate nonrepetitive edge colourings\nfor arbitrarily long paths using only three colours. A recent generalization of\nthis concept implies that we may obtain such colourings even if we are forced\nto choose edge colours from any sequence of lists of size 4 (while sufficiency\nof lists of size 3 remains an open problem). As an extension of these basic\nideas, Havet, Jendrol', Sot\\'ak and \\v{S}krabul'\\'akov\\'a proved that for each\nplane graph, 8 colours are sufficient to provide an edge colouring so that\nevery facial path is nonrepetitively coloured. In this paper we prove that the\nsame is possible from lists, provided that these have size at least 12. We thus\nimprove the previous bound of 291 (proved by means of the Lov\\'asz Local\nLemma). Our approach is based on the Moser-Tardos entropy-compression method\nand its recent extensions by Grytczuk, Kozik and Micek, and by Dujmovi\\'c,\nJoret, Kozik and Wood.\n" }, { "id": "cc21879a-2c5b-4a80-935f-a75b2bdcc516", "adv_source_id": "cc21879a-2c5b-4a80-935f-a75b2bdcc516", "source_id": "cc21879a-2c5b-4a80-935f-a75b2bdcc516", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The case for optical interferometric polarimetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " Within the last 10 years, long-baseline optical interferometry (LBOI) has\nbenefited significantly from increased sensitivity, spatial resolution, and\nspectral resolution, e.g., measuring the diameters and asymmetries of single\nstars, imaging/fitting the orbits of multiple stars, modeling Be star disks,\nand modeling AGN nuclei. Similarly, polarimetry has also yielded excellent\nastrophysical results, e.g., characterizing the atmospheres and shells of red\ngiants/supergiants, modeling the envelopes of AGB stars, studying the\nmorphology of Be stars, and monitoring the short- and long- term behavior of\nAGNs. The next logical evolutionary step in instrumentation is to combine LBOI\nwith polarimetry, which is called optical interferometric polarimetry (OIP). In\nother words, measurements of spatial coherence are performed simultaneously\nwith measurements of coherence between orthogonal polarization states.\n" }, { "id": "8385c9ed-08e8-4701-a145-1e15157f83a4", "adv_source_id": "8385c9ed-08e8-4701-a145-1e15157f83a4", "source_id": "8385c9ed-08e8-4701-a145-1e15157f83a4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Super-radiance, Berry phase, Photon phase diffusion and Number squeezed\n state in the $ U(1) $ Dicke (Tavis-Cummings) model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, strong coupling regimes of superconducting qubits or quantum dots\ninside a micro-wave circuit cavity and BEC atoms inside an optical cavity were\nachieved experimentally. The strong coupling regimes in these systems were\ndescribed by the Dicke model. Here, we solve the Dicke model by a $ 1/N $\nexpansion. In the normal state, we find a $ \\sqrt{N} $ behavior of the\ncollective Rabi splitting. In the superradiant phase, we identify an important\nBerry phase term which has dramatic effects on both the ground state and the\nexcitation spectra of the strongly interacting system. The single photon\nexcitation spectrum has a low energy quantum phase diffusion mode in {\\sl\nimaginary time} with a large spectral weight and also a high energy optical\nmode with a low spectral weight. The photons are in a number squeezed state\nwhich may have wide applications in high sensitive measurements and quantum\ninformation processing. Comparisons with exact diagonization studies are made.\nPossible experimental schemes to realize the superradiant phase are briefly\ndiscussed.\n" }, { "id": "90c049de-7c3f-42f0-b932-3fce7f3277b7", "adv_source_id": "90c049de-7c3f-42f0-b932-3fce7f3277b7", "source_id": "90c049de-7c3f-42f0-b932-3fce7f3277b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transverse electric conductivity in quantum collisional plasma in Mermin\n approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " Formulas for transversal electric conductivity and dielectric permeability of\nquantum collisional plasma are deduced. The kinetic equation for a density\nmatrix in relaxation approaching in momentum space is used. It is shown, that\nwhen Planck's constant tends to zero, these deduced formulas pass in classical\nexpressions and when frequency of electron collision tends to zero (i.e. plasma\npasses in collisionless plasma), the deduced formulas pass in deduced earlier\nby Lindhard. It is shown also, that when the wave number tends to zero, quantum\nconductivity passes in the classical one. Graphic comparison of the deduced\nconductivity with Lindhard's conductivity and with classical conductivity is\ncarry out.\n" }, { "id": "2e5c85a2-271e-47e5-8733-6b1f0b076536", "adv_source_id": "2e5c85a2-271e-47e5-8733-6b1f0b076536", "source_id": "2e5c85a2-271e-47e5-8733-6b1f0b076536", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Self-assembly and electron-beam-induced direct etching of suspended\n graphene nanostructures", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on suspended single-layer graphene deposition by a\ntransfer-printing approach based on polydimethylsiloxane stamps. The transfer\nprinting method allows the exfoliation of graphite flakes from a bulk graphite\nsample and their residue-free deposition on a silicon dioxide substrate. This\ndeposition system creates a blistered graphene surface due to strain induced by\nthe transfer process itself. Single-layer-graphene deposition and its\n\"blistering\" on the substrate are demonstrated by a combination of Raman\nspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic-force microscopy\nmeasurements. Finally, we demonstrate that blister-like suspended graphene are\nself-supporting single-layer structures and can be flattened by employing a\nspatially-resolved direct-lithography technique based on electron-beam induced\netching.\n" }, { "id": "584486ac-f8d8-413b-9203-65e30fe4b6d5", "adv_source_id": "584486ac-f8d8-413b-9203-65e30fe4b6d5", "source_id": "584486ac-f8d8-413b-9203-65e30fe4b6d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global analysis of hadron-production data in e^+ e^- annihilation for\n determining fragmentation functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fragmentation functions of pion, kaon, and nucleon are determined by global\nanalyses of hadron-production data in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. It is particularly\nimportant that uncertainties of the fragmentation functions are estimated for\nthe first time. We found that light-quark and gluon fragmentation functions\nhave large uncertainties, so that one should be careful in using these\nfunctions for hadron-production processes in heavy-ion collisions and lepton\nscattering. The analysis is extended to possible exotic hadron search by\nfragmentation functions. We found that internal structure of $f_0 (980)$, such\nas $s\\bar s$ or tetraquark configuration, can be determined by noting\ndifferences between favored and disfavored fragmentation functions.\n" }, { "id": "4f084cba-29c7-4b59-a3ba-68b99c179eff", "adv_source_id": "4f084cba-29c7-4b59-a3ba-68b99c179eff", "source_id": "4f084cba-29c7-4b59-a3ba-68b99c179eff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Miscibility in Several Polymer Blends", "prompt": null, "generation": " The miscibility in several polymer blend mixtures\n(polymethylmethacrylate/polystyrene, (1,4-cis) polyisoprene/polystyrene, and\npolymethylmethacrylate/polyoxyethylene) has been investigated using Molecular\nDynamics simulations for atomistic representations of the polymer chains. The\ntrajectories obtained from simulation boxes representing the mixtures have been\nanalyzed in terms of the collective scattering structure function. The\nFlory-Huggins parameter is determined from fits of the simulation results for\nthis function to the random phase approximation expression. The numerical\nvalues of this parameter and its variation with temperature obtained with this\nprocedure show a general qualitative and quantitative agreement with existing\nexperimental data for the different systems. These results together with those\npreviously obtained for the polyvylmethylether/polystyrene blends with the same\nmethod are compared with data yielded by other computational simpler\napproaches.\n" }, { "id": "01eb7413-3d10-4bbc-8ad6-9a26c554dc04", "adv_source_id": "01eb7413-3d10-4bbc-8ad6-9a26c554dc04", "source_id": "01eb7413-3d10-4bbc-8ad6-9a26c554dc04", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photoionization of 3d electrons of Xe, Cs and Ba endohedral atoms:\n comparative analyses", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate rather interesting manifestations of co-existence of resonance\nfeatures in characteristics of the photoionization of 3d-electrons in Xe, Cs\nand Ba endohedral atoms. It is shown that for all of the considered atoms the\nreflection by the fullerene shell of photoelectrons produced by the 3d subshell\nphotoionization affects greatly partial photoionization cross-sections of 3d5/2\nand 3d3/2 levels and respective angular anisotropy parameters, both dipole and\nnon-dipole adding to all of them additional maximums and minimums. The results\nobtained demonstrate distinctive differences between the three atoms.\n The calculations are performed treating the 3/2 and 5/2 electrons as\nelectrons of different kinds with their spins \"up\" and \"down\". The effect of\nC60 shell is accounted for in the frame of the \"orange\" skin potential model.\nIt is essential that in the considered photon frequency region presented\nresonance features are not affected by the C60 polarization.\n" }, { "id": "b31339ed-31ed-43ad-b0d2-0dc0a91fae88", "adv_source_id": "b31339ed-31ed-43ad-b0d2-0dc0a91fae88", "source_id": "b31339ed-31ed-43ad-b0d2-0dc0a91fae88", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Capacity Analysis of Linear Operator Channels over Finite Fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by communication through a network employing linear network coding,\ncapacities of linear operator channels (LOCs) with arbitrarily distributed\ntransfer matrices over finite fields are studied. Both the Shannon capacity $C$\nand the subspace coding capacity $C_{\\text{SS}}$ are analyzed. By establishing\nand comparing lower bounds on $C$ and upper bounds on $C_{\\text{SS}}$, various\nnecessary conditions and sufficient conditions such that $C=C_{\\text{SS}}$ are\nobtained. A new class of LOCs such that $C=C_{\\text{SS}}$ is identified, which\nincludes LOCs with uniform-given-rank transfer matrices as special cases. It is\nalso demonstrated that $C_{\\text{SS}}$ is strictly less than $C$ for a broad\nclass of LOCs. In general, an optimal subspace coding scheme is difficult to\nfind because it requires to solve the maximization of a non-concave function.\nHowever, for a LOC with a unique subspace degradation, $C_{\\text{SS}}$ can be\nobtained by solving a convex optimization problem over rank distribution.\nClasses of LOCs with a unique subspace degradation are characterized. Since\nLOCs with uniform-given-rank transfer matrices have unique subspace\ndegradations, some existing results on LOCs with uniform-given-rank transfer\nmatrices are explained from a more general way.\n" }, { "id": "42fdd705-8a1f-414c-8aff-c423820f2b1d", "adv_source_id": "42fdd705-8a1f-414c-8aff-c423820f2b1d", "source_id": "42fdd705-8a1f-414c-8aff-c423820f2b1d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Resonant fluxon transmission through impurities", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fluxon transmission through several impurities of different strength and type\n(i.e., microshorts and microresistors), placed in a long Josephson junction is\ninvestigated. Threshold pinning current on the impurities is computed as a\nfunction of the distance between them, their amplitudes and the dissipation\nparameter. It is shown that in the case of consequently placed microshorts or\nmicroresistors, the threshold pinning current exhibits a clear minimum as a\nfunction of the distance between the impurities. In the case of a\nmicroresistor, followed by a microshort, an opposite phenomenon is observed,\nnamely the threshold pinning current exhibits maximum as a function of the\ndistance between the impurities.\n" }, { "id": "c5ef38b2-d37b-45d4-8743-74198e9763fe", "adv_source_id": "c5ef38b2-d37b-45d4-8743-74198e9763fe", "source_id": "c5ef38b2-d37b-45d4-8743-74198e9763fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "M87 and the Dynamics and Microphysics inside the Blazar Zone", "prompt": null, "generation": " The blazars provide a considerable opportunity to peer into the workings\nwithin a few tens of parsecs of the central engine in AGN. This considerable\nopportunity involves significant challenges as different macroscopic dynamical\nprocesses and microscopic physical processes operating at different locations\ncan be responsible for the observed emission. In this proceedings article I\nreview recent theoretical and numerical results relevant to dynamics inside the\nblazar zone, review the particle acceleration processes capable of producing\nthe high energy particles required by the observed emission, discuss some of\nthe progress made at the microphysical level, and consider what recent TeV and\nradio observations of M87 can tell us about the blazar zone.\n" }, { "id": "71c0c06f-ba09-47a8-9632-650029b5b7ea", "adv_source_id": "71c0c06f-ba09-47a8-9632-650029b5b7ea", "source_id": "71c0c06f-ba09-47a8-9632-650029b5b7ea", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectroscopic and photometric variability of the O9.5Vp star HD93521", "prompt": null, "generation": " The line profile variability and photometric variability of the O9.5 Vp star\nHD93521 are examined in order to establish the properties of the non-radial\npulsations in this star. Fourier techniques are used to characterize the\nmodulations of the He I 5876, 6678 and H-alpha lines in several spectroscopic\ntime series and to search for variations in a photometric time series. Our\nspectroscopic data confirm the existence of two periods of 1.75 and 2.89 hr.\nThe line profiles, especially those affected by emission wings, exhibit also\nmodulations on longer time scales, but these are epoch-dependent and change\nfrom line to line. Unlike previous claims, we find no unambiguous signature of\nthe rotational period in our data, nor of a third pulsation period\n(corresponding to a frequency of 2.66 day$^{-1}$). HD 93521 very likely\nexhibits non-radial pulsations with periods of 1.75 and 2.89 hr with $l \\simeq\n8 \\pm 1$ and $l \\simeq 4 \\pm 1$ respectively. No significant signal is found in\nthe first harmonics of these two periods. The 2.89 hr mode is seen at all\nepochs and in all lines investigated, while the visibility of the 1.75 hr mode\nis clearly epoch dependent. Whilst light variations are detected, their\nconnection to these periodicities is not straightforward.\n" }, { "id": "d7729f92-2f49-4d57-b0eb-08f3b83e3abd", "adv_source_id": "d7729f92-2f49-4d57-b0eb-08f3b83e3abd", "source_id": "d7729f92-2f49-4d57-b0eb-08f3b83e3abd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Moebius function of separable and decomposable permutations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a recursive formula for the Moebius function of an interval\n$[\\sigma,\\pi]$ in the poset of permutations ordered by pattern containment in\nthe case where $\\pi$ is a decomposable permutation, that is, consists of two\nblocks where the first one contains all the letters 1, 2, ..., k for some k.\nThis leads to many special cases of more explicit formulas. It also gives rise\nto a computationally efficient formula for the Moebius function in the case\nwhere $\\sigma$ and $\\pi$ are separable permutations. A permutation is separable\nif it can be generated from the permutation 1 by successive sums and skew sums\nor, equivalently, if it avoids the patterns 2413 and 3142. A consequence of the\nformula is that the Moebius function of such an interval $[\\sigma,\\pi]$ is\nbounded by the number of occurrences of $\\sigma$ as a pattern in $\\pi$. We also\nshow that for any separable permutation $\\pi$ the Moebius function of $(1,\\pi)$\nis either 0, 1 or -1.\n" }, { "id": "b528e576-9bcb-4bff-a085-3126b106d6f8", "adv_source_id": "b528e576-9bcb-4bff-a085-3126b106d6f8", "source_id": "b528e576-9bcb-4bff-a085-3126b106d6f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Compression-based investigation of the dynamical properties of cellular\n automata and other systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " A method for studying the qualitative dynamical properties of abstract\ncomputing machines based on the approximation of their program-size complexity\nusing a general lossless compression algorithm is presented. It is shown that\nthe compression-based approach classifies cellular automata (CA) into clusters\naccording to their heuristic behavior, with these clusters showing a\ncorrespondence with Wolfram's main classes of CA behavior. A compression based\nmethod to estimate a characteristic exponent to detect phase transitions and\nmeasure the resiliency or sensitivity of a system to its initial conditions is\nalso proposed. A conjecture regarding the capability of a system to reach\ncomputational universality related to the values of this phase transition\ncoefficient is formulated. These ideas constitute a compression-based framework\nfor investigating the dynamical properties of cellular automata and other\nsystems.\n" }, { "id": "507d0470-8f49-4518-92d6-2e7ac81e3cb2", "adv_source_id": "507d0470-8f49-4518-92d6-2e7ac81e3cb2", "source_id": "507d0470-8f49-4518-92d6-2e7ac81e3cb2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimization Under Unknown Constraints", "prompt": null, "generation": " Optimization of complex functions, such as the output of computer simulators,\nis a difficult task that has received much attention in the literature. A less\nstudied problem is that of optimization under unknown constraints, i.e., when\nthe simulator must be invoked both to determine the typical real-valued\nresponse and to determine if a constraint has been violated, either for\nphysical or policy reasons. We develop a statistical approach based on Gaussian\nprocesses and Bayesian learning to both approximate the unknown function and\nestimate the probability of meeting the constraints. A new integrated\nimprovement criterion is proposed to recognize that responses from inputs that\nviolate the constraint may still be informative about the function, and thus\ncould potentially be useful in the optimization. The new criterion is\nillustrated on synthetic data, and on a motivating optimization problem from\nhealth care policy.\n" }, { "id": "faaf0769-982e-49a6-9e81-ba27073c557b", "adv_source_id": "faaf0769-982e-49a6-9e81-ba27073c557b", "source_id": "faaf0769-982e-49a6-9e81-ba27073c557b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the calculation rule of probability of relativistic free particle in\n quantum mechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " As is well known, in quantum mechanics, the calculation rule of the\nprobability that an eigen-value a_n is observed when the physical quantity A is\nmeasured for a state described by the state vector |> is P(a_n)=<|A_n> .\nHowever, in Ref.[1], based on strict logical reasoning and mathematical\ncalculation, it has been pointed out, replacing <|A_n>, one should use a\nnew rule to calculate P(a_n) for particle satisfying the Dirac equation.\n In this paper, we first state some results given by Ref.[1]. And then, we\npresent a proof for the new calculation rule of probability according to Dirac\nsea of negative energy particles, hole theory and the principle \"the vacuum is\nnot observable\". Finally, we discuss simply the case of particle satisfying the\nKlein-Gordon equation.\n" }, { "id": "e62c787f-037d-49b0-8483-21dac4da7bb9", "adv_source_id": "e62c787f-037d-49b0-8483-21dac4da7bb9", "source_id": "e62c787f-037d-49b0-8483-21dac4da7bb9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stratified shear flow instabilities at large Richardson numbers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Numerical simulations of stratified shear flow instabilities are performed in\ntwo dimensions in the Boussinesq limit. The density variation length scale is\nchosen to be four times smaller than the velocity variation length scale so\nthat Holmboe or Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable modes are present depending on the\nchoice of the global Richardson number Ri. Three different values of Ri were\nexamined Ri =0.2, 2, 20. The flows for the three examined values are all\nunstable due to different modes namely: the Kelvin-Helmholtz mode for Ri=0.2,\nthe first Holmboe mode for Ri=2, and the second Holmboe mode for Ri=20 that has\nbeen discovered recently and it is the first time that it is examined in the\nnon-linear stage. It is found that the amplitude of the velocity perturbation\nof the second Holmboe mode at the non-linear stage is smaller but comparable to\nfirst Holmboe mode. The increase of the potential energy however due to the\nsecond Holmboe modes is greater than that of the first mode. The\nKelvin-Helmholtz mode is larger by two orders of magnitude in kinetic energy\nthan the Holmboe modes and about ten times larger in potential energy than the\nHolmboe modes. The results in this paper suggest that although mixing is\nsuppressed at large Richardson numbers it is not negligible, and turbulent\nmixing processes in strongly stratified environments can not be excluded.\n" }, { "id": "3bd34141-5571-4203-bb9f-b617c1eeedd0", "adv_source_id": "3bd34141-5571-4203-bb9f-b617c1eeedd0", "source_id": "3bd34141-5571-4203-bb9f-b617c1eeedd0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Normalized Ricci flows and conformally compact Einstein metrics", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we investigate the behavior of the normalized Ricci flow on\nasymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. We show that the normalized Ricci flow\nexists globally and converges to an Einstein metric when starting from a\nnon-degenerate and sufficiently Ricci pinched metric. More importantly we use\nmaximum principles to establish the regularity of conformal compactness along\nthe normalized Ricci flow including that of the limit metric at time infinity.\nTherefore we are able to recover the existence results in \\cite{GL} \\cite{Lee}\n\\cite{Bi} of conformally compact Einstein metrics with conformal infinities\nwhich are perturbations of that of given non-degenerate conformally compact\nEinstein metrics.\n" }, { "id": "7b35714a-4e65-4ad2-9d28-bc295228b2e6", "adv_source_id": "7b35714a-4e65-4ad2-9d28-bc295228b2e6", "source_id": "7b35714a-4e65-4ad2-9d28-bc295228b2e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some experiments with integral Apollonian circle packings", "prompt": null, "generation": " Bounded Apollonian circle packings (ACP's) are constructed by repeatedly\ninscribing circles into the triangular interstices of a configuration of four\nmutually tangent circles, one of which is internally tangent to the other\nthree. If the original four circles have integer curvature, all of the circles\nin the packing will have integer curvature as well. In \\cite{ll}, Sarnak proves\nthat there are infinitely many circles of prime curvature and infinitely many\npairs of tangent circles of prime curvature in a primitive integral ACP. In\nthis paper, we give a heuristic backed up by numerical data for the number of\ncircles of prime curvature less than $x$, and the number of \"kissing primes,\"\nor {\\it pairs} of circles of prime curvature less than $x$ in a primitive\nintegral ACP. We also provide experimental evidence towards a local to global\nprinciple for the curvatures in a primitive integral ACPs.\n" }, { "id": "b9e12780-5ae5-41da-8c89-ae582bcab89c", "adv_source_id": "b9e12780-5ae5-41da-8c89-ae582bcab89c", "source_id": "b9e12780-5ae5-41da-8c89-ae582bcab89c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic Structure of Pyrochlore Iridates: From Topological Dirac\n Metal to Mott Insulator", "prompt": null, "generation": " In 5d transition metal oxides such as the iridates, novel properties arise\nfrom the interplay of electron correlations and spin-orbit interactions. We\ninvestigate the electronic structure of the pyrochlore iridates, (such as\nY$_{2}$Ir$_{2}$O$_{7}$) using density functional theory, LDA+U method, and\neffective low energy models. A remarkably rich phase diagram emerges on tuning\nthe correlation strength U. The Ir magnetic moment are always found to be\nnon-collinearly ordered. However, the ground state changes from a magnetic\nmetal at weak U, to a Mott insulator at large U. Most interestingly, the\nintermediate U regime is found to be a Dirac semi-metal, with vanishing density\nof states at the Fermi energy. It also exhibits topological properties -\nmanifested by special surface states in the form of Fermi arcs, that connect\nthe bulk Dirac points. This Dirac phase, a three dimensional analog of\ngraphene, is proposed as the ground state of Y$_{2}$Ir$_{2}$O$_{7}$ and related\ncompounds. A narrow window of magnetic `axion' insulator, with axion parameter\n$\\theta=\\pi$, may also be present at intermediate U. An applied magnetic field\ninduces ferromagnetic order and a metallic ground state.\n" }, { "id": "ff1d8e5f-cd7f-49c9-8c5a-1a13325b0ec9", "adv_source_id": "ff1d8e5f-cd7f-49c9-8c5a-1a13325b0ec9", "source_id": "ff1d8e5f-cd7f-49c9-8c5a-1a13325b0ec9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Precision calculation of threshold pi^- d scattering, pi N scattering\n lengths, and the GMO sum rule", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) to calculate the $\\pi^- d$\nscattering length with an accuracy of a few percent, including\nisospin-violating corrections both in the two- and three-body sector. In\nparticular, we provide the technical details of a recent letter, where we used\ndata on pionic deuterium and pionic hydrogen atoms to extract the isoscalar and\nisovector pion-nucleon scattering lengths $a^+$ and $a^-$. We study\nisospin-breaking contributions to the three-body part of $a_{\\pi^-d}$ due to\nmass differences, isospin violation in the $\\pi N$ scattering lengths, and\nvirtual photons. This last class of effects is ostensibly infrared enhanced due\nto the smallness of the deuteron binding energy. However, we show that the\nleading virtual-photon effects that might undergo such enhancement cancel, and\nhence the standard ChPT counting provides a reliable estimate of isospin\nviolation in $a_{\\pi^- d}$ due to virtual photons. Finally, we discuss the\nvalidity of the Goldberger-Miyazawa-Oehme sum rule in the presence of isospin\nviolation, and use it to determine the charged-pion-nucleon coupling constant.\n" }, { "id": "2e7de233-e70c-425b-9f00-280ffdcdba4e", "adv_source_id": "2e7de233-e70c-425b-9f00-280ffdcdba4e", "source_id": "2e7de233-e70c-425b-9f00-280ffdcdba4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Active plasma resonance spectroscopy: A functional analytic description", "prompt": null, "generation": " The term \"Active Plasma Resonance Spectroscopy\" refers to a class of\ndiagnostic methods which employ the ability of plasmas to resonate on or near\nthe plasma frequency. The basic idea dates back to the early days of discharge\nphysics: An signal in the GHz range is coupled to the plasma via an electrical\nprobe; the spectral response is recorded, and then evaluated with a\nmathematical model to obtain information on the electron density and other\nplasma parameters. In recent years, the concept has found renewed interest as a\nbasis of industry compatible plasma diagnostics. This paper analyzes the\ndiagnostics technique in terms of a general description based on functional\nanalytic (or Hilbert Space) methods which hold for arbitrary probe geometries.\nIt is shown that the response function of the plasma-probe system can be\nexpressed as a matrix element of the resolvent of an appropriately defined\ndynamical operator. A specialization of the formalism for a symmetric probe\ndesing is given, as well as an interpreation in terms of a lumped circuit model\nconsisting of series resonators. We present ideas for an optimized probe design\nbased on geometric and electrical symmetry.\n" }, { "id": "5f7684bd-9358-4478-8982-fd58a04e3192", "adv_source_id": "5f7684bd-9358-4478-8982-fd58a04e3192", "source_id": "5f7684bd-9358-4478-8982-fd58a04e3192", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Metadata Management in Scientific Computing", "prompt": null, "generation": " Complex scientific codes and the datasets they generate are in need of a\nsophisticated categorization environment that allows the community to store,\nsearch, and enhance metadata in an open, dynamic system. Currently, data is\noften presented in a read-only format, distilled and curated by a select group\nof researchers. We envision a more open and dynamic system, where authors can\npublish their data in a writeable format, allowing users to annotate the\ndatasets with their own comments and data. This would enable the scientific\ncommunity to collaborate on a higher level than before, where researchers could\nfor example annotate a published dataset with their citations.\n Such a system would require a complete set of permissions to ensure that any\nindividual's data cannot be altered by others unless they specifically allow\nit. For this reason datasets and codes are generally presented read-only, to\nprotect the author's data; however, this also prevents the type of social\nrevolutions that the private sector has seen with Facebook and Twitter.\n In this paper, we present an alternative method of publishing codes and\ndatasets, based on Fluidinfo, which is an openly writeable and social metadata\nengine. We will use the specific example of the Einstein Toolkit, a shared\nscientific code built using the Cactus Framework, to illustrate how the code's\nmetadata may be published in writeable form via Fluidinfo.\n" }, { "id": "8deddf31-22a6-4f40-a913-8ad1a1b1702b", "adv_source_id": "8deddf31-22a6-4f40-a913-8ad1a1b1702b", "source_id": "8deddf31-22a6-4f40-a913-8ad1a1b1702b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Solving the Corner-Turning Problem for Large Interferometers", "prompt": null, "generation": " The so-called corner turning problem is a major bottleneck for radio\ntelescopes with large numbers of antennas. The problem is essentially that of\nrapidly transposing a matrix that is too large to store on one single device;\nin radio interferometry, it occurs because data from each antenna needs to be\nrouted to an array of processors that will each handle a limited portion of the\ndata (a frequency range, say) but requires input from each antenna. We present\na low-cost solution allowing the correlator to transpose its data in real time,\nwithout contending for bandwidth, via a butterfly network requiring neither\nadditional RAM memory nor expensive general-purpose switching hardware. We\ndiscuss possible implementations of this using FPGA, CMOS, analog logic and\noptical technology, and conclude that the corner turner cost can be small even\nfor upcoming massive radio arrays.\n" }, { "id": "3303bbe2-250c-4b1d-8d52-d29e556c0ecc", "adv_source_id": "3303bbe2-250c-4b1d-8d52-d29e556c0ecc", "source_id": "3303bbe2-250c-4b1d-8d52-d29e556c0ecc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Novel scaling limits for critical inhomogeneous random graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We find scaling limits for the sizes of the largest components at criticality\nfor rank-1 inhomogeneous random graphs with power-law degrees with power-law\nexponent \\tau. We investigate the case where $\\tau\\in(3,4)$, so that the\ndegrees have finite variance but infinite third moment. The sizes of the\nlargest clusters, rescaled by $n^{-(\\tau-2)/(\\tau-1)}$, converge to hitting\ntimes of a \"thinned\" L\\'{e}vy process, a special case of the general\nmultiplicative coalescents studied by Aldous [Ann. Probab. 25 (1997) 812-854]\nand Aldous and Limic [Electron. J. Probab. 3 (1998) 1-59]. Our results should\nbe contrasted to the case \\tau>4, so that the third moment is finite. There,\ninstead, the sizes of the components rescaled by $n^{-2/3}$ converge to the\nexcursion lengths of an inhomogeneous Brownian motion, as proved in Aldous\n[Ann. Probab. 25 (1997) 812-854] for the Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'{e}nyi random graph and\nextended to the present setting in Bhamidi, van der Hofstad and van Leeuwaarden\n[Electron. J. Probab. 15 (2010) 1682-1703] and Turova [(2009) Preprint].\n" }, { "id": "9efb2d16-ea80-452c-8ace-cd8c8c333c17", "adv_source_id": "9efb2d16-ea80-452c-8ace-cd8c8c333c17", "source_id": "9efb2d16-ea80-452c-8ace-cd8c8c333c17", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Bivariate Measure of Redundant Information", "prompt": null, "generation": " We define a measure of redundant information based on projections in the\nspace of probability distributions. Redundant information between random\nvariables is information that is shared between those variables. But in\ncontrast to mutual information, redundant information denotes information that\nis shared about the outcome of a third variable. Formalizing this concept, and\nbeing able to measure it, is required for the non-negative decomposition of\nmutual information into redundant and synergistic information. Previous\nattempts to formalize redundant or synergistic information struggle to capture\nsome desired properties. We introduce a new formalism for redundant information\nand prove that it satisfies all the properties necessary outlined in earlier\nwork, as well as an additional criterion that we propose to be necessary to\ncapture redundancy. We also demonstrate the behaviour of this new measure for\nseveral examples, compare it to previous measures and apply it to the\ndecomposition of transfer entropy.\n" }, { "id": "42d9f879-f4b0-45e4-a4a5-cb7dd326ca94", "adv_source_id": "42d9f879-f4b0-45e4-a4a5-cb7dd326ca94", "source_id": "42d9f879-f4b0-45e4-a4a5-cb7dd326ca94", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "T=0 phase diagram and nature of domains in ultrathin ferromagnetic films\n with perpendicular anisotropy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the complete zero temperature phase diagram of a model for\nultrathin films with perpendicular anisotropy. The whole parameter space of\nrelevant coupling constants is studied in first order anisotropy approximation.\nBecause the ground state is known to be formed by perpendicular stripes\nseparated by Bloch walls, a standard variational approach is used, complemented\nwith specially designed Monte Carlo simulations. We can distinguish four\nregimes according to the different nature of striped domains: a high anisotropy\nIsing regime with sharp domain walls, a saturated stripe regime with thicker\nwalls inside which an in-plane component of the magnetization develops, a\nnarrow canted-like regime, characterized by a sinusoidal variation of both the\nin-plane and the out of plane magnetization components, which upon further\ndecrease of the anisotropy leads to an in-plane ferromagnetic state via a spin\nreorientation transition (SRT). The nature of domains and walls are described\nin some detail together with the variation of domain width with anisotropy, for\nany value of exchange and dipolar interactions. Our results, although strictly\nvalid at $T=0$, can be valuable for interpreting data on the evolution of\ndomain width at finite temperature, a still largely open problem.\n" }, { "id": "8c08894c-9c03-433a-ae1c-a191ef05fb06", "adv_source_id": "8c08894c-9c03-433a-ae1c-a191ef05fb06", "source_id": "8c08894c-9c03-433a-ae1c-a191ef05fb06", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Accuracy of spectroscopy-based radioactive dating of stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Combined spectroscopic abundance analyses of stable and radioactive elements\ncan be applied for deriving stellar ages. The achievable precision depends on\nfactors related to spectroscopy, nucleosynthesis, and chemical evolution. We\nquantify the uncertainties arising from the spectroscopic analysis, and compare\nthese to the other error sources. We derive formulae for the age uncertainties\narising from the spectroscopic abundance analysis, and apply them to\nspectroscopic and nucleosynthetic data compiled from the literature for the Sun\nand metal-poor stars. We obtained ready-to-use analytic formulae of the age\nuncertainty for the cases of stable+unstable and unstable+unstable chronometer\npairs, and discuss the optimal relation between to-be-measured age and mean\nlifetime of a radioactive species. Application to the literature data indicates\nthat, for a single star, the achievable spectroscopic accuracy is limited to\nabout +/- 20% for the foreseeable future. At present, theoretical uncertainties\nin nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution models form the precision bottleneck.\nFor stellar clusters, isochrone fitting provides a higher accuracy than\nradioactive dating, but radioactive dating becomes competitive when applied to\nmany cluster members simultaneously, reducing the statistical errors by a\nfactor sqrt(N). Spectroscopy-based radioactive stellar dating would benefit\nfrom improvements in the theoretical understanding of nucleosynthesis and\nchemical evolution. Its application to clusters can provide strong constraints\nfor nucleosynthetic models.\n" }, { "id": "d6bf81f3-c70a-424e-ac1b-887fe9800a2c", "adv_source_id": "d6bf81f3-c70a-424e-ac1b-887fe9800a2c", "source_id": "d6bf81f3-c70a-424e-ac1b-887fe9800a2c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probing Cosmological Reionization through Radio-interferometric\n Observations of Neutral Hydrogen", "prompt": null, "generation": " The epoch of reionization is one of the least known chapters in the\nevolutionary history of the Universe. This thesis investigates two major\napproaches to unveil the reionization history of the Universe using HI 21-cm\nmaps.The most discussed approach has been to study the global statistical\nproperties of the reionization HI 21-cm. We develop the formalism to calculate\nthe Multi-frequency Angular Power Spectrum (MAPS) and quantify the statistics\nof the HI signal as a joint function of the angular multipole l and frequency\nseparation \\Delta\\nu. We adopt a simple model for the HI distribution which\nincorporates patchy reionization and use it to study the signatures of ionized\nbubbles on MAPS. We also study the implications of the foreground subtraction.\nA major part of the thesis investigates the possibility of detecting ionized\nbubbles around individual sources in 21-cm maps. We present a visibility based\nmatched filter technique to optimally combine the signal from an ionized bubble\nand minimize the noise and foreground contributions. The formalism makes\ndefinite predictions on the ability to detect an ionized bubble or conclusively\nrule out its presence within a radio map. Results are presented for the GMRT\nand the MWA. Using simulated HI maps we analyzed the impact of HI fluctuations\noutside the bubble on its detectability. Various other issues such as (i)\nbubble size determination (ii) blind search for bubbles, (iii) optimum redshift\nfor bubble detection are also discussed.\n" }, { "id": "64fe21b3-1e2d-4d47-9572-921d6998619e", "adv_source_id": "64fe21b3-1e2d-4d47-9572-921d6998619e", "source_id": "64fe21b3-1e2d-4d47-9572-921d6998619e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Malware Classification based on Call Graph Clustering", "prompt": null, "generation": " Each day, anti-virus companies receive tens of thousands samples of\npotentially harmful executables. Many of the malicious samples are variations\nof previously encountered malware, created by their authors to evade\npattern-based detection. Dealing with these large amounts of data requires\nrobust, automatic detection approaches. This paper studies malware\nclassification based on call graph clustering. By representing malware samples\nas call graphs, it is possible to abstract certain variations away, and enable\nthe detection of structural similarities between samples. The ability to\ncluster similar samples together will make more generic detection techniques\npossible, thereby targeting the commonalities of the samples within a cluster.\nTo compare call graphs mutually, we compute pairwise graph similarity scores\nvia graph matchings which approximately minimize the graph edit distance. Next,\nto facilitate the discovery of similar malware samples, we employ several\nclustering algorithms, including k-medoids and DBSCAN. Clustering experiments\nare conducted on a collection of real malware samples, and the results are\nevaluated against manual classifications provided by human malware analysts.\nExperiments show that it is indeed possible to accurately detect malware\nfamilies via call graph clustering. We anticipate that in the future, call\ngraphs can be used to analyse the emergence of new malware families, and\nultimately to automate implementation of generic detection schemes.\n" }, { "id": "40c10a34-f23e-449c-8d05-809c66b8ac52", "adv_source_id": "40c10a34-f23e-449c-8d05-809c66b8ac52", "source_id": "40c10a34-f23e-449c-8d05-809c66b8ac52", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "LkH$\\alpha$ 330: Evidence for dust clearing through resolved\n submillimeter imaging", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mid-infrared spectrophotometric observations have revealed a small sub-class\nof circumstellar disks with spectral energy distributions (SEDs) suggestive of\nlarge inner gaps with low dust content. However, such data provide only an\nindirect and model dependent method of finding central holes. We present here\nthe direct characterization of a 40 AU radius inner gap in the disk around LkHa\n330 through 340 GHz (880 micron) dust continuum imaging with the Submillimeter\nArray (SMA). This large gap is fully resolved by the SMA observations and\nmostly empty of dust with less than 1.3 x 10^-6 M_solar of solid particles\ninside of 40 AU. Gas (as traced by accretion markers and CO M-band emission) is\nstill present in the inner disk and the outer edge of the gap rises steeply --\nfeatures in better agreement with the underlying cause being gravitational\nperturbation than a more gradual process such as grain growth. Importantly, the\ngood agreement of the spatially resolved data and spectrophometry-based model\nlends confidence to current interpretations of SEDs with significant dust\nemission deficits as arising from disks with inner gaps or holes. Further\nSED-based searches can therefore be expected to yield numerous additional\ncandidates that can be examined at high spatial resolution.\n" }, { "id": "36287d4a-24c0-454d-bab1-819c71f2f0bc", "adv_source_id": "36287d4a-24c0-454d-bab1-819c71f2f0bc", "source_id": "36287d4a-24c0-454d-bab1-819c71f2f0bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Charged Ising Model of Neutron Star Matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " Background: The inner crust of a neutron star is believed to consist of\nCoulomb-frustrated complex structures known as \"nuclear pasta\" that display\ninteresting and unique low-energy dynamics. Purpose: To elucidate the structure\nand composition of the neutron-star crust as a function of temperature,\ndensity, and proton fraction.\n Methods: A new lattice-gas model, the \"Charged-Ising Model\" (CIM), is\nintroduced to simulate the behavior of neutron-star matter. Preliminary Monte\nCarlo simulations on 30^3 lattices are performed for a variety of temperatures,\ndensities, and proton fractions.\n Results: Results are obtained for the heat capacity, pair-correlation\nfunction, and static structure factor for a variety of conditions appropriate\nto the inner stellar crust.\n Conclusions: Although relatively simple, the CIM captures the essence of\nCoulomb frustration that is required to simulate the subtle dynamics of the\ninner stellar crust. Moreover, the computationally demanding long-range Coulomb\ninteractions have been pre-computed at the appropriate lattice sites prior to\nthe start of the simulation resulting in enormous computational gains. This\nwork demonstrates the feasibility of future CIM simulations involving a large\nnumber of particles as a function of density, temperature, and proton fraction.\n" }, { "id": "3c4b2e7b-1ba6-467c-8d75-d3b8d27183cb", "adv_source_id": "3c4b2e7b-1ba6-467c-8d75-d3b8d27183cb", "source_id": "3c4b2e7b-1ba6-467c-8d75-d3b8d27183cb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Diversification and hybridization in firm knowledge bases in\n nanotechnologies", "prompt": null, "generation": " The paper investigates the linkages between the characteristics of\ntechnologies and the structure of a firms' knowledge base. Nanotechnologies\nhave been defined as converging technologies that operate at the nanoscale, and\nwhich require integration to fulfill their economic promises. Based on a\nworldwide database of nanofirms, the paper analyses the degree of convergence\nand the convergence mechanisms within firms. It argues that the degree of\nconvergence in a firm's nano-knowledge base is relatively independent from the\nsize of the firm's nano-knowledge base. However, while firms with small\nnano-knowledge bases tend to exploit convergence in each of their\npatents/publications, firms with large nano-knowledge bases tend to separate\ntheir nano-R&D activities in the different established fields and achieve\ndiversity through the juxtaposition of the output of these independent\nactivities\n" }, { "id": "f90ab4ed-20ed-452a-9ad2-966bffe649e2", "adv_source_id": "f90ab4ed-20ed-452a-9ad2-966bffe649e2", "source_id": "f90ab4ed-20ed-452a-9ad2-966bffe649e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The GRANIT project: Status and Perspectives", "prompt": null, "generation": " The GRANIT project is the follow-up of the pioneering experiments that first\nobserved the quantum states of neutrons trapped in the earth's gravitational\nfield at the Institute Laue Langevin (ILL). Due to the weakness of the\ngravitational force, these quantum states exhibit most unusual properties: peV\nenergies and spatial extensions of order 10 $\\mu$m. Whereas the first series of\nobservations aimed at measuring the properties of the wave functions, the\nGRANIT experiment will induce resonant transitions between states thus\naccessing to spectroscopic measurements. After a brief reminder of achieved\nresults, the principle and the status of the experiment, presently under\ncommissioning at the ILL, will be given. In the second part, we will discuss\nthe potential of GRANIT to search for new physics, in particular to a modified\nNewton law in the micrometer range.\n" }, { "id": "0c4ff00a-bebd-4fe7-af6c-c8bfc9466479", "adv_source_id": "0c4ff00a-bebd-4fe7-af6c-c8bfc9466479", "source_id": "0c4ff00a-bebd-4fe7-af6c-c8bfc9466479", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Oscillations of very low energy atmospheric neutrinos", "prompt": null, "generation": " There are several new features in production, oscillations and detection of\nthe atmospheric neutrinos of low energies, E<100 MeV. The flavor ratio, r, of\nmuon to electron neutrino fluxes is substantially smaller than 2 and decreases\nwith energy, significant part of events is due to the decay of invisible muons\nat rest, etc. Oscillations in two-layer medium (atmosphere - earth) should be\ntaken into account. We derive analytical and semi-analytical expressions for\nthe oscillation probabilities of these \"sub-subGeV\" neutrinos. The energy\nspectra of the e-like events in water cherenkov detectors are computed and\ndependence of the spectra on the 2-3 mixing angle, the 1-3 mixing and\nCP-violation phase are studied. We find that variations of 2-3 mixing angle in\nthe presently allowed region change the number of e-like events by about 15 -\n20 % as well as to distortion of the energy spectrum. The 1-3 mixing and\nCP-violation can lead to ~10% effects. Detailed study of the sub-subGeV\nneutrinos will be possible in future Megaton-scale detectors.\n" }, { "id": "1b0c6de9-5c83-4355-88f4-dc33c8a60d09", "adv_source_id": "1b0c6de9-5c83-4355-88f4-dc33c8a60d09", "source_id": "1b0c6de9-5c83-4355-88f4-dc33c8a60d09", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new imprint of fast rotators: low 12C/13C ratios in extremely\n metal-poor halo stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " (abridged) Fast stellar rotation is currently the most promising mechanism\nfor producing primary nitrogen in metal-poor massive stars. Chemical evolution\nmodels computed with the inclusion of the yields of fast rotating models at a\nmetallicity $Z=10^{-8}$ can account for the high N/O abundances observed in\nnormal metal-poor halo stars. If, as believed, intermediate mass stars did not\nhave enough time to contribute to the interstellar medium enrichment at such\nlow metallicities, the above result constitutes a strong case for the existence\nof fast rotators in the primordial Universe. An important result of stellar\nmodels of fast rotators is that large quantities of primary 13C are produced.\nHence, our goal is to investigate the consequence of fast rotation on the\nevolution of the 12C/13C ratio in the interstellar medium at low metallicity.\nWe predict that, if fast rotating massive stars were common phenomena in the\nearly Universe, the primordial interstellar medium of galaxies with a star\nformation history similar to the one inferred for our galactic halo should have\n12C/13C ratios between 30-300. Without fast rotators, the predicted 12C/13C\nratios would be $\\sim$ 4500 at [Fe/H]=-3.5, increasing to $\\sim$ 31000 at\naround [Fe/H]=-5.0. Current data on very metal-poor giant normal stars in the\ngalactic halo agree better with chemical evolution models including fast\nrotators. To test our predictions, challenging measurements of the 12C/13C in\nmore extremely metal-poor giants and turnoff stars are required.\n" }, { "id": "d4665aaa-a20a-4911-be41-285af25dd0ac", "adv_source_id": "d4665aaa-a20a-4911-be41-285af25dd0ac", "source_id": "d4665aaa-a20a-4911-be41-285af25dd0ac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Investigation of Dynamics of Self-Similarly Evolving Magnetic Clouds", "prompt": null, "generation": " Magnetic clouds (MCs) are \"magnetized plasma clouds\" moving in the solar\nwind. MCs transport magnetic flux and helicity away from the Sun. These\nstructures are not stationary but feature temporal evolution. Commonly,\nsimplified MC models are considered. The goal of the present study is to\ninvestigate the dynamics of more general, radially expanding MCs. They are\nconsidered as cylindrically symmetric magnetic structures with low plasma\n{\\beta}. In order to study MC`evolution the self-similar approach method and a\nnumerical approach are used. It is shown that the forces are balanced in the\nconsidered self-similarly evolving, cylindrically symmetric magnetic\nstructures. Explicit analytical expressions for magnetic field, plasma\nvelocity, density and pressure within MCs are derived. These solutions are\ncharacterized by conserved values of magnetic flux and helicity. We also\ninvestigate the dynamics of self-similarly evolving MCs by means of the\nnumerical code \"Graale\". In addition, their expansion in a medium with higher\ndensity and higher plasma {\\beta} is studied. It is shown that the physical\nparameters of the MCs maintain their self-similar character throughout their\nevolution. Conclusions. A comparison of the different self-similar and\nnumerical solutions allows us to conclude that the evolving MCs are quite\nadequately described by our self-similar solutions - they retain their\nself-similar, coherent nature for quite a long time and over large distances\nfrom the Sun.\n" }, { "id": "f6eaa3ff-dee8-4e0a-bead-5ea4562f2f32", "adv_source_id": "f6eaa3ff-dee8-4e0a-bead-5ea4562f2f32", "source_id": "f6eaa3ff-dee8-4e0a-bead-5ea4562f2f32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Invariance Principle for Polytopes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let X be randomly chosen from {-1,1}^n, and let Y be randomly chosen from the\nstandard spherical Gaussian on R^n. For any (possibly unbounded) polytope P\nformed by the intersection of k halfspaces, we prove that\n |Pr [X belongs to P] - Pr [Y belongs to P]| < log^{8/5}k * Delta, where Delta\nis a parameter that is small for polytopes formed by the intersection of\n\"regular\" halfspaces (i.e., halfspaces with low influence). The novelty of our\ninvariance principle is the polylogarithmic dependence on k. Previously, only\nbounds that were at least linear in k were known. We give two important\napplications of our main result: (1) A polylogarithmic in k bound on the\nBoolean noise sensitivity of intersections of k \"regular\" halfspaces (previous\nwork gave bounds linear in k). (2) A pseudorandom generator (PRG) with seed\nlength O((log n)*poly(log k,1/delta)) that delta-fools all polytopes with k\nfaces with respect to the Gaussian distribution. We also obtain PRGs with\nsimilar parameters that fool polytopes formed by intersection of regular\nhalfspaces over the hypercube. Using our PRG constructions, we obtain the first\ndeterministic quasi-polynomial time algorithms for approximately counting the\nnumber of solutions to a broad class of integer programs, including dense\ncovering problems and contingency tables.\n" }, { "id": "3bf020f8-0f5a-4145-a8e4-a7616979ff02", "adv_source_id": "3bf020f8-0f5a-4145-a8e4-a7616979ff02", "source_id": "3bf020f8-0f5a-4145-a8e4-a7616979ff02", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some asymptotic properties of the spectrum of the Jacobi ensemble", "prompt": null, "generation": " For the random eigenvalues with density corresponding to the Jacobi ensemble\n$$c \\cdot \\prod_{i < j} | \\lambda_i - \\lambda_j |^\\beta \\prod^n_{i=1} (2 -\n\\lambda_i)^a (2 + \\lambda_i)^b I_{(-2,2)} (\\lambda_i) $$ $(a, b > -1, \\beta >\n0) $ a strong uniform approximation by the roots of the Jacobi polynomials is\nderived if the parameters $a, b,$ $\\beta$ depend on $n$ and $n \\to \\infty$.\nRoughly speaking, the eigenvalues can be uniformly approximated by roots of\nJacobi polynomials with parameters $((2a+2)/\\beta -1, (2b+2)/\\beta-1)$, where\nthe error is of order $\\{\\log n/(a+b) \\}^{1/4}$. These results are used to\ninvestigate the asymptotic properties of the corresponding spectral\ndistribution if $n \\to \\infty$ and the parameters $a, b$ and $\\beta$ vary with\n$n$. We also discuss further applications in the context of multivariate random\n$F$-matrices.\n" }, { "id": "f6e73ac0-0da0-4e55-a672-973300fb18cf", "adv_source_id": "f6e73ac0-0da0-4e55-a672-973300fb18cf", "source_id": "f6e73ac0-0da0-4e55-a672-973300fb18cf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The gauge theory of dislocations: static solutions of screw and edge\n dislocations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the T(3)-gauge theory of static dislocations in continuous\nsolids. We use the most general linear constitutive relations bilinear in the\nelastic distortion tensor and dislocation density tensor for the force and\npseudomoment stresses of an isotropic solid. The constitutive relations contain\nsix material parameters. In this theory both the force and pseudomoment\nstresses are asymmetric. The theory possesses four characteristic lengths l1,\nl2, l3 and l4 which are given explicitely. We first derive the\nthree-dimensional Green tensor of the master equation for the force stresses in\nthe translational gauge theory of dislocations. We then investigate the\nsituation of generalized plane strain (anti-plane strain and plane strain).\nUsing the stress function method, we find modified stress functions for screw\nand edge dislocations. The solution of the screw dislocation is given in terms\nof one independent length l1=l4. For the problem of an edge dislocation, only\ntwo characteristic lengths l2 and l3 arise with one of them being the same\nl2=l1 as for the screw dislocation. Thus, this theory possesses only two\nindependent lengths for generalized plane strain. If the two lengths l2 and l3\nof an edge dislocation are equal, we obtain an edge dislocation which is the\ngauge theoretical version of a modified Volterra edge dislocation. In the case\nof symmetric stresses we recover well known results obtained earlier.\n" }, { "id": "c5b94c5e-b24f-4838-8668-c577a7cace8e", "adv_source_id": "c5b94c5e-b24f-4838-8668-c577a7cace8e", "source_id": "c5b94c5e-b24f-4838-8668-c577a7cace8e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Automation of Mobile Pick and Place Robotic System for Small Food\n Industry", "prompt": null, "generation": " The use of robotics in food industry is becoming more popular in recent\nyears. The trend seems to continue as long as the robotics technology meets\ndiverse and challenging needs of the food producers. Rapid developments in\ndigital computers and control systems technologies have significant impact in\nrobotics like any other engineering fields. By utilizing new hardware and\nsoftware tools, design of these complex systems that need strong integration of\ndistinct disciplines is no longer difficult compared to the past. Therefore,\nthe purpose of this paper is to design and implement a micro-controller based\non reliable and high performance robotic system for food / biscuit\nmanufacturing line. We propose a design of a vehicle. The robot is capable of\npicking unbaked biscuits tray and places them into furnace and then after\nbaking it picks the biscuits tray from the furnace. A special gripper is\ndesigned to pick and place the biscuits tray with flexibility.\n" }, { "id": "6b1ca587-823d-48d9-a60e-f6241c4d8b07", "adv_source_id": "6b1ca587-823d-48d9-a60e-f6241c4d8b07", "source_id": "6b1ca587-823d-48d9-a60e-f6241c4d8b07", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Asymmetric Architecture for Heralded Single Photon Sources", "prompt": null, "generation": " Single photon source represent a fundamental building block for optical\nimplementations of quantum information tasks ranging from basic tests of\nquantum physics to quantum communication and high-resolution quantum\nmeasurement. In this paper we investigate the performance of a multiplexed\nsystem based on asymmetric configuration of multiple heralded single photon\nsources. {To compare the effectiveness of different designs we introduce a\nsingle-photon source performance index that is based on the value of single\nphoton probability required to achieve a guaranteed signal to noise ratio.} The\nperformance and scalability comparison with both currently existing\nmultiple-source architectures and faint laser configurations reveals an\nadvantage the proposed scheme offers in realistic scenarios. This analysis also\nprovides insights on the potential of using such architectures for integrated\nimplementation.\n" }, { "id": "61cf6339-a9d5-43b1-97c1-4d883d928abe", "adv_source_id": "61cf6339-a9d5-43b1-97c1-4d883d928abe", "source_id": "61cf6339-a9d5-43b1-97c1-4d883d928abe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal pooling strategies for laboratory testing", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the optimal strategy for laboratory testing of biological samples\nwhen we wish to know the results for each sample rather than the average\nprevalence of positive samples. If the proportion of positive samples is low\nconsiderable resources may be devoted to testing samples most of which are\nnegative. An attractive strategy is to pool samples. If the pooled samples test\npositive one must then test the individual samples, otherwise they can all be\nassumed to be negative. The pool should be big enough to reduce the number of\ntests but not so big that the pooled samples are almost all positive. We show\nthat if the prevalence of positive samples is greater than 30% it is never\nworth pooling. From 30% down to 1% pools of size 4 are close to optimal. Below\n1% substantial gains can be made by pooling, especially if the samples are\npooled twice. However, with large pools the sensitivity of the test will fall\ncorrespondingly and this must be taken into consideration. We derive simple\nexpressions for the optimal pool size and for the corresponding proportion of\nsamples tested.\n" }, { "id": "a3993b0a-d472-49e8-882b-d41616fcb9a1", "adv_source_id": "a3993b0a-d472-49e8-882b-d41616fcb9a1", "source_id": "a3993b0a-d472-49e8-882b-d41616fcb9a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Patterson--Sullivan distributions for rank one symmetric spaces of the\n noncompact type", "prompt": null, "generation": " There is a remarkable relation between two kinds of phase space distributions\nassociated to eigenfunctions of the Laplacian of a compact hyperbolic manifold:\nIt was observed in \\cite{AZ} that for compact hyperbolic surfaces\n$X_{\\Gamma}=\\Gamma\\backslash\\mathbb{H}$ Wigner distributions $\\int_{S^*\nX_{\\Gamma}} a dW_{ir_j} = < \\mathrm{Op}(a)\\phi_{ir_j},\\phi_{ir_j}\n>_{L^2(X_{\\Gamma})}$ and Patterson--Sullivan distributions $PS_{ir_j}$ are\nasymptotically equivalent as $r_j\\to\\infty$. We generalize the definitions of\nthese distributions to all rank one symmetric spaces of noncompact type and\nintroduce off-diagonal elements $PS_{\\lambda_j,\\lambda_k}$. Further, we give\nexplicit relations between off-diagonal Patterson--Sullivan distributions and\noff-diagonal Wigner distributions and describe the asymptotic relation between\nthese distributions.\n" }, { "id": "84731335-2187-467e-8670-fb26f8a77f75", "adv_source_id": "84731335-2187-467e-8670-fb26f8a77f75", "source_id": "84731335-2187-467e-8670-fb26f8a77f75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Saddle-point entropy states of equilibrated self-gravitating systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this Letter, we investigate the stability of the statistical equilibrium\nof spherically symmetric collisionless self-gravitating systems. By calculating\nthe second variation of the entropy, we find that perturbations of the relevant\nphysical quantities should be classified as long- and short-range\nperturbations, which correspond to the long- and short-range relaxation\nmechanisms, respectively. We show that the statistical equilibrium states of\nself-gravitating systems are neither maximum nor minimum, but complex\nsaddle-point entropy states, and hence differ greatly from the case of ideal\ngas. Violent relaxation should be divided into two phases. The first phase is\nthe entropy-production phase, while the second phase is the entropy-decreasing\nphase. We speculate that the second-phase violent relaxation may just be the\nlong-wave Landau damping, which would work together with short-range\nrelaxations to keep the system equilibrated around the saddle-point entropy\nstates.\n" }, { "id": "094749a0-9acd-4aee-bf4a-da4e7bc77c6a", "adv_source_id": "094749a0-9acd-4aee-bf4a-da4e7bc77c6a", "source_id": "094749a0-9acd-4aee-bf4a-da4e7bc77c6a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pseudo-Newtonian Models for the Equilibrium Structures of Rotating\n Relativistic Stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " We obtain equilibrium solutions for rotating compact stars including the\nspecial relativistic effects. The gravity is assumed to be Newtonian, but we\nused the active mass density, which takes into account all the energies such as\nmotions of the fluids, internal energy, pressure energy in addition to the rest\nmass energy, in computing the gravitational potential using Poisson's equation.\nSuch a treatment could be applicable to the neutron stars with relativistic\nmotions or relativistic equation of state. We applied the Hachisu's\nself-consistent field (SCF) method to find spheroidal as well as toroidal\nsequences of equilibrium solutions. Our solutions show better agreement than\nNewtonian relativistic hydrodynamic approach that does not take into account\nthe active mass, with general relativistic solutions. The physical quantities\nsuch as the peak density, equatorial radii of our solutions agree with general\nrelativistic ones within 5%.Therefore our approach can be a simple alternative\nto the fully relativistic one when large number of model calculations are\nnecessary as it requires much less computational resources.\n" }, { "id": "b2985f73-fb6d-43fa-a833-192f472b05f3", "adv_source_id": "b2985f73-fb6d-43fa-a833-192f472b05f3", "source_id": "b2985f73-fb6d-43fa-a833-192f472b05f3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimum Pilot Overhead in Wireless Communication: A Unified Treatment of\n Continuous and Block-Fading Channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " The optimization of the pilot overhead in single-user wireless fading\nchannels is investigated, and the dependence of this overhead on various system\nparameters of interest (e.g., fading rate, signal-to-noise ratio) is\nquantified. The achievable pilot-based spectral efficiency is expanded with\nrespect to the fading rate about the no-fading point, which leads to an\naccurate order expansion for the pilot overhead. This expansion identifies that\nthe pilot overhead, as well as the spectral efficiency penalty with respect to\na reference system with genie-aided CSI (channel state information) at the\nreceiver, depend on the square root of the normalized Doppler frequency.\nFurthermore, it is shown that the widely-used block fading model is only a\nspecial case of more accurate continuous fading models in terms of the\nachievable pilot-based spectral efficiency, and that the overhead optimization\nfor multiantenna systems is effectively the same as for single-antenna systems\nwith the normalized Doppler frequency multiplied by the number of transmit\nantennas.\n" }, { "id": "2c040cf2-264e-4287-a5cd-46fba0fd1fac", "adv_source_id": "2c040cf2-264e-4287-a5cd-46fba0fd1fac", "source_id": "2c040cf2-264e-4287-a5cd-46fba0fd1fac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Particle yields in heavy ion collisions and the influence of strong\n magnetic fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is expected that the magnetic field in the surface of magnetars do not\nexceed $10^{15}$ G. However, in heavy ion collisions, this value is expected to\nbe much higher. We investigate the effects of a magnetic fields varying from\n$10^{18}$, to $10^{20}$ G in strange matter (composed of $u$, $d$ and $s$\nquarks). We model matter as a free gas of baryons and mesons under the\ninfluence of an external magnetic field. We study the effects of such strong\nfields through a $\\chi^2$ fit to some data sets of the STAR experiment. For\nthis purpose we solve the Dirac, Rarita-Schwinger, Klein-Gordon and Proca\nequations subject to magnetic fields in order to obtain the energy expressions\nand the degeneracy for spin 1/2, spin 3/2, spin 0 and spin 1 particles,\nrespectively. Our results show that a field of the order of $10^{19}$ G\nproduces an improved fitting to the experimental data as compared to the\ncalculations without magnetic field.\n" }, { "id": "3f636c86-9daf-4d5e-8095-87bfc4b15792", "adv_source_id": "3f636c86-9daf-4d5e-8095-87bfc4b15792", "source_id": "3f636c86-9daf-4d5e-8095-87bfc4b15792", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling the Subsurface Structure of Sunspots", "prompt": null, "generation": " While sunspots are easily observed at the solar surface, determining their\nsubsurface structure is not trivial. There are two main hypotheses for the\nsubsurface structure of sunspots: the monolithic model and the cluster model.\nLocal helioseismology is the only means by which we can investigate\nsubphotospheric structure. However, as current linear inversion techniques do\nnot yet allow helioseismology to probe the internal structure with sufficient\nconfidence to distinguish between the monolith and cluster models, the\ndevelopment of physically realistic sunspot models are a priority for\nhelioseismologists. This is because they are not only important indicators of\nthe variety of physical effects that may influence helioseismic inferences in\nactive regions, but they also enable detailed assessments of the validity of\nhelioseismic interpretations through numerical forward modeling. In this paper,\nwe provide a critical review of the existing sunspot models and an overview of\nnumerical methods employed to model wave propagation through model sunspots. We\nthen carry out an helioseismic analysis of the sunspot in Active Region 9787\nand address the serious inconsistencies uncovered by\n\\citeauthor{gizonetal2009}~(\\citeyear{gizonetal2009,gizonetal2009a}). We find\nthat this sunspot is most probably associated with a shallow, positive\nwave-speed perturbation (unlike the traditional two-layer model) and that\ntravel-time measurements are consistent with a horizontal outflow in the\nsurrounding moat.\n" }, { "id": "a8205f78-497b-4e9d-804e-68b15a3996e9", "adv_source_id": "a8205f78-497b-4e9d-804e-68b15a3996e9", "source_id": "a8205f78-497b-4e9d-804e-68b15a3996e9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Toward the Gravity Dual of Heterotic Small Instantons", "prompt": null, "generation": " The question of what happens when the heterotic SO(32) instanton becomes\nsmall was answered sometime back by Witten. The heterotic theory develops an\nenhanced Sp(2k) gauge symmetry for k small instantons, besides the allowed\nSO(32) gauge symmetry. An interesting question now is to ask what happens when\nwe take the large k limit. In this paper we argue that in some special cases,\nwhere Gauss' law allows the large k limit, the dynamics of the large k small\ninstantons can be captured by a dual gravitational description. For the cases\nthat we elaborate in this paper, the gravity duals are non-Kahler manifolds\nalthough in general they could be non-geometric. These small instantons are\nheterotic five-branes and the duality allows us to study the strongly coupled\nfield theories on these five-branes. We review and elaborate on some of the\nrecent observations pointing towards this duality, and argue that in certain\ncases the gauge/gravity duality may be understood as small instanton\ntransitions under which the instantons smoothen out and consequently lose the\nSp(2k) gauge symmetry. This may explain how branes disappear on the dual side\nand are replaced by fluxes. We analyse the torsion classes before and after the\ntransitions, and discuss briefly how the ADHM sigma model and related vector\nbundles could be studied for these scenarios.\n" }, { "id": "03fdb17d-f8f8-46d3-90cb-d2f8becf71b6", "adv_source_id": "03fdb17d-f8f8-46d3-90cb-d2f8becf71b6", "source_id": "03fdb17d-f8f8-46d3-90cb-d2f8becf71b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the interpretation of valence band photoemission spectra at\n organic-metal interfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " Adsorption of organic molecules on well-oriented single crystal coinage metal\nsurfaces fundamentally affects the energy distribution curve of ultra-violet\nphotoelectron spectroscopy spectra. New features not present in the spectrum of\nthe pristine metal can be assigned as \"interface states\" having some degree of\nmolecule-substrate hybridization. Here it is shown that interface states having\nmolecular orbital character can easily be identified at low binding energy as\nisolated features above the featureless substrate sp-plateau. On the other hand\nmuch care must be taken in assigning adsorbate-induced features when these lie\nwithin the d-band spectral region of the substrate. In fact, features often\ninterpreted as characteristic of the molecule-substrate interaction may\nactually arise from substrate photoelectrons scattered by the adsorbates. This\nphenomenon is illustrated through a series of examples of noble-metal\nsingle-crystal surfaces covered by monolayers of large pi-conjugated organic\nmolecules.\n" }, { "id": "ff3ecf85-34d2-4adc-bab2-d95cc7b1934e", "adv_source_id": "ff3ecf85-34d2-4adc-bab2-d95cc7b1934e", "source_id": "ff3ecf85-34d2-4adc-bab2-d95cc7b1934e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modelling of Human Glottis in VLSI for Low Power Architectures", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Glottal Source is an important component of voice as it can be considered\nas the excitation signal to the voice apparatus. Nowadays, new techniques of\nspeech processing such as speech recognition and speech synthesis use the\nglottal closure and opening instants. Current models of the glottal waves\nderive their shape from approximate information rather than from exactly\nmeasured data. General method concentrate on assessment of the glottis opening\nusing optical, acoustical methods, or on visualization of the larynx position\nusing ultrasound, computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging techniques.\nIn this work, circuit model of Human Glottis using MOS is designed by\nexploiting fluid volume velocity to current, fluid pressure to voltage, and\nlinear and nonlinear mechanical impedances to linear and nonlinear electrical\nimpedances. The glottis modeled as current source includes linear, non-linear\nimpedances to represent laminar and turbulent flow respectively, in vocal\ntract. The MOS modelling and simulation results of glottal circuit has been\ncarried out on BSIM 3v3 model in TSMC 0.18 micrometer technology using ELDO\nsimulator.\n" }, { "id": "eee72512-e1aa-469d-8740-cea9cae3432a", "adv_source_id": "eee72512-e1aa-469d-8740-cea9cae3432a", "source_id": "eee72512-e1aa-469d-8740-cea9cae3432a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Squark Flavor Implications from B --> K(*) l+ l-", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent experimental and theoretical progress regarding B --> K(*) l+ l-\ndecays led to improved bounds on the Wilson coefficients C_9 and C_10 of\nfour-fermion operators of the |Delta B|=|Delta S|=1 effective Hamiltonian. We\nanalyze the resulting implications on squark flavor violation in the MSSM and\nobtain new constraints on flavor-changing left-right mixing in the\nup-squark-sector. We find the dimensionless flavor mixing parameter\n(delta^u_23)_LR, depending on the flavor-diagonal MSSM masses and couplings, to\nbe as low as \\lesssim 0.1. This has implications for models based on radiative\nflavor violation and leads to BR(B_s --> mu+ mu-) \\gtrsim 1 x 10^-9. Rare top\ndecays t --> c gamma, t --> c g, t --> c Z have branching ratios predicted to\nbe below \\lesssim few times 10^-8, 10^-6 and 10^-7, respectively.\n" }, { "id": "4407663d-29e0-49f7-a5c6-df7ac97868fd", "adv_source_id": "4407663d-29e0-49f7-a5c6-df7ac97868fd", "source_id": "4407663d-29e0-49f7-a5c6-df7ac97868fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coalescing random walks and voting on connected graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a coalescing random walk, a set of particles make independent random walks\non a graph. Whenever one or more particles meet at a vertex, they unite to form\na single particle, which then continues the random walk through the graph.\nCoalescing random walks can be used to achieve consensus in distributed\nnetworks, and is the basis of the self-stabilizing mutual exclusion algorithm\nof Israeli and Jalfon.\n Let G=(V,E), be an undirected, connected n vertex graph with m edges. Let\nC(n) be the expected time for all particles to coalesce, when initially one\nparticle is located at each vertex of an n vertex graph.\n We study the problem of bounding the coalescence time C(n) for general\nclasses of graphs. Our main result is that C(n)= O(1/(1-lambda_2))*((log n)^4\n+n/A)), where lambda_2 is the absolute value of the second largest eigenvalue\nof the transition matrix of the random walk, A= (sum d^2(v))/(d^2 n), d(v) is\nthe degree of vertex v, and d is the average node degree. The parameter A is an\nindicator of the variability of node degrees. Thus 1 <= A =O(n), with A=1 for\nregular graphs.\n" }, { "id": "be819b0b-bf35-4ccd-a1fb-131322d48b81", "adv_source_id": "be819b0b-bf35-4ccd-a1fb-131322d48b81", "source_id": "be819b0b-bf35-4ccd-a1fb-131322d48b81", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Mechanics on Laakso Spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We first review the spectrum of the Laplacian operator on a general Laakso\nSpace before considering modified Hamiltonians for the infinite square well,\nparabola, and Coulomb potentials. Additionally, we compute the spectrum for the\nLaplacian and its multiplicities when certain regions of a Laakso space are\ncompressed or stretched and calculate the Casimir force experienced by two\nuncharged conducting plates by imposing physically relevant boundary conditions\nand then analytically regularizing the result. Lastly, we derive a general\nformula for the spectral zeta function and its derivative for Laakso spaces\nwith strict self-similar structure before listing explicit spectral values for\ncases of interest.\n" }, { "id": "9ec7c171-ef36-47ef-bac4-845ffe43dc4d", "adv_source_id": "9ec7c171-ef36-47ef-bac4-845ffe43dc4d", "source_id": "9ec7c171-ef36-47ef-bac4-845ffe43dc4d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Discovering Protostars and their Host Clusters via WISE", "prompt": null, "generation": " A hybrid JHKs-W1W2W3W4 high-spectral index (alpha) selection scheme was\nemployed to identify (sub)clusters of class I/f candidate protostars (YSOs) in\nWISE observations (the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer). n>10^4 candidate\nYSOs were detected owing to WISE's advantageous all-sky spatial coverage, and a\nsubsample (n~200) of their heavily-obscured host (sub)clusters were correlated\nwith the Avedisova (2002) and Dias et al. (2002) catalogs of star-forming\nregions. Forthcoming observations from the VVV/UKIDSS surveys shall facilitate\nthe detection of additional protostars and bolster efforts to delineate the\nGalactic plane, since the campaigns aim to secure deep JHKs photometry for a\npertinent fraction of the WISE targets lacking 2MASS detections, and to provide\nimproved data for YSOs near the limits of the 2MASS survey.\n" }, { "id": "de80356e-4635-4f1a-bd30-4f28636bfd3f", "adv_source_id": "de80356e-4635-4f1a-bd30-4f28636bfd3f", "source_id": "de80356e-4635-4f1a-bd30-4f28636bfd3f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electromagnetic response of a highly granular hadronic calorimeter", "prompt": null, "generation": " The CALICE collaboration is studying the design of high performance\nelectromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for future International Linear\nCollider detectors. For the hadronic calorimeter, one option is a highly\ngranular sampling calorimeter with steel as absorber and scintillator layers as\nactive material. High granularity is obtained by segmenting the scintillator\ninto small tiles individually read out via silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM).\n A prototype has been built, consisting of thirty-eight sensitive layers,\nsegmented into about eight thousand channels. In 2007 the prototype was exposed\nto positrons and hadrons using the CERN SPS beam, covering a wide range of beam\nenergies and incidence angles. The challenge of cell equalization and\ncalibration of such a large number of channels is best validated using\nelectromagnetic processes.\n The response of the prototype steel-scintillator calorimeter, including\nlinearity and uniformity, to electrons is investigated and described.\n" }, { "id": "bf5e5335-2025-4fd4-b9bb-152d68109620", "adv_source_id": "bf5e5335-2025-4fd4-b9bb-152d68109620", "source_id": "bf5e5335-2025-4fd4-b9bb-152d68109620", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tunable Superfluidity and Quantum Magnetism with Ultracold Polar\n Molecules", "prompt": null, "generation": " By selecting two dressed rotational states of ultracold polar molecules in an\noptical lattice, we obtain a highly tunable generalization of the t-J model,\nwhich we refer to as the t-J-V-W model. In addition to XXZ spin exchange, the\nmodel features density-density interactions and novel density-spin\ninteractions; all interactions are dipolar. We show that full control of all\ninteraction parameters in both magnitude and sign can be achieved independently\nof each other and of the tunneling. As a first step towards demonstrating the\npotential of the system, we apply the density matrix renormalization group\nmethod (DMRG) to obtain the 1D phase diagram of the simplest experimentally\nrealizable case. Specifically, we show that the tunability and the long-range\nnature of the interactions in the t-J-V-W model enable enhanced superfluidity.\nFinally, we show that Bloch oscillations in a tilted lattice can be used to\nprobe the phase diagram experimentally.\n" }, { "id": "27de3309-1959-4790-bfa5-fe8a2d1a43c5", "adv_source_id": "27de3309-1959-4790-bfa5-fe8a2d1a43c5", "source_id": "27de3309-1959-4790-bfa5-fe8a2d1a43c5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Design and Performance of a Practical Variable-Temperature Scanning\n Tunneling Potentiometry System", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have constructed a scanning tunneling potentiometry system capable of\nsimultaneously mapping the transport-related electrochemical potential of a\nbiased sample along with its surface topography. Combining a novel sample\nbiasing technique with a continuous current-nulling feedback scheme pushes the\nnoise performance of the measurement to its fundamental limit - the Johnson\nnoise of the STM tunnel junction. The resulting 130 nV voltage sensitivity\nallows us to spatially resolve local potentials at scales down to 2 nm, while\nmaintaining angstrom scale STM imaging, all at scan sizes of up to 15 um. A\nmm-range two-dimensional coarse positioning stage and the ability to operate\nfrom liquid helium to room temperature with a fast turn-around time greatly\nexpand the versatility of the instrument. By performing studies of several\nmodel systems, we discuss the implications of various types of surface\nmorphology for potentiometric measurements.\n" }, { "id": "6a8fad42-2503-4532-a33e-e642e6b08e2d", "adv_source_id": "6a8fad42-2503-4532-a33e-e642e6b08e2d", "source_id": "6a8fad42-2503-4532-a33e-e642e6b08e2d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quark-hadron phase transition in a chameleon Brans-Dicke model of brane\n gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work, the quark-hadron phase transition in a chameleon Brans-Dicke\nmodel of brane world cosmology within an effective model of QCD is\ninvestigated. Whereas, in the chameleon Brans-Dicke model of brane world\ncosmology, the Friedmann equation and conservation of density energy are\nmodified, resulting in an increased expansion in the early Universe. These have\nimportant effects on quark-hadron phase transitions. We investigate the\nevolution of the physical quantities relevant to quantitative descriptions of\nthe early times, namely, the energy density, $\\rho$, temperature, $T$, and the\nscale factor, $a$, before, during, and after the phase transition. We do this\nfor smooth crossover formalism in which lattice QCD data is used for obtaining\nthe matter equation of state and first order phase transition formalism. Our\nanalyses show that the quark-hadron phase transition has occurred at\napproximately one nanosecond after the big bang and the general behavior of\ntemperature is similar in both of two approaches.\n" }, { "id": "8dcd6e5b-c68d-4d16-9b06-bfc193ac413e", "adv_source_id": "8dcd6e5b-c68d-4d16-9b06-bfc193ac413e", "source_id": "8dcd6e5b-c68d-4d16-9b06-bfc193ac413e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A convex model for non-negative matrix factorization and dimensionality\n reduction on physical space", "prompt": null, "generation": " A collaborative convex framework for factoring a data matrix $X$ into a\nnon-negative product $AS$, with a sparse coefficient matrix $S$, is proposed.\nWe restrict the columns of the dictionary matrix $A$ to coincide with certain\ncolumns of the data matrix $X$, thereby guaranteeing a physically meaningful\ndictionary and dimensionality reduction. We use $l_{1,\\infty}$ regularization\nto select the dictionary from the data and show this leads to an exact convex\nrelaxation of $l_0$ in the case of distinct noise free data. We also show how\nto relax the restriction-to-$X$ constraint by initializing an alternating\nminimization approach with the solution of the convex model, obtaining a\ndictionary close to but not necessarily in $X$. We focus on applications of the\nproposed framework to hyperspectral endmember and abundances identification and\nalso show an application to blind source separation of NMR data.\n" }, { "id": "80fe6087-e26a-41f7-82be-2d0df2bd990b", "adv_source_id": "80fe6087-e26a-41f7-82be-2d0df2bd990b", "source_id": "80fe6087-e26a-41f7-82be-2d0df2bd990b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Counteracting Byzantine Attacks in Network Coded Peer-to-Peer\n Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Random linear network coding can be used in peer-to-peer networks to increase\nthe efficiency of content distribution and distributed storage. However, these\nsystems are particularly susceptible to Byzantine attacks. We quantify the\nimpact of Byzantine attacks on the coded system by evaluating the probability\nthat a receiver node fails to correctly recover a file. We show that even for a\nsmall probability of attack, the system fails with overwhelming probability. We\nthen propose a novel signature scheme that allows packet-level Byzantine\ndetection. This scheme allows one-hop containment of the contamination, and\nsaves bandwidth by allowing nodes to detect and drop the contaminated packets.\nWe compare the net cost of our signature scheme with various other Byzantine\nschemes, and show that when the probability of Byzantine attacks is high, our\nscheme is the most bandwidth efficient.\n" }, { "id": "cbb8ac82-ed6a-48b3-a02a-6b0ef65b7efb", "adv_source_id": "cbb8ac82-ed6a-48b3-a02a-6b0ef65b7efb", "source_id": "cbb8ac82-ed6a-48b3-a02a-6b0ef65b7efb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Light-cone sum rules for $B \\to \\pi$ form factors revisited", "prompt": null, "generation": " We reconsider and update the QCD light-cone sum rules for $B\\to \\pi$ form\nfactors. The gluon radiative corrections to the twist-2 and twist-3 terms in\nthe correlation functions are calculated. The $\\bar{MS}$ $b$-quark mass is\nemployed, instead of the one-loop pole mass used in the previous analyses. The\nlight-cone sum rule for $f^+_{B\\pi}(q^2)$ is fitted to the measured\n$q^2$-distribution in $B\\to \\pi l \\nu_l$, fixing the input parameters with the\nlargest uncertainty: the Gegenbauer moments of the pion distribution amplitude.\nFor the $B\\to \\pi$ vector form factor at zero momentum transfer we predict\n$f^+_{B\\pi}(0)= 0.26^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$. Combining it with the value of the\nproduct $|V_{ub}f^+_{B\\pi}(0)|$ extracted from experiment, we obtain\n$|V_{ub}|=(3.5\\pm 0.4\\pm 0.2\\pm 0.1) \\times 10^{-3}$. In addition, the scalar\nand penguin $B\\to \\pi$ form factors $f^0_{B\\pi}(q^2)$ and $f^T_{B\\pi}(q^2)$ are\ncalculated.\n" }, { "id": "9884998b-fd5d-40ac-a66b-315bea1b5cf4", "adv_source_id": "9884998b-fd5d-40ac-a66b-315bea1b5cf4", "source_id": "9884998b-fd5d-40ac-a66b-315bea1b5cf4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multitasking associative networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a bipartite, diluted and frustrated, network as a sparse\nrestricted Boltzman machine and we show its thermodynamical equivalence to an\nassociative working memory able to retrieve multiple patterns in parallel\nwithout falling into spurious states typical of classical neural networks. We\nfocus on systems processing in parallel a finite (up to logarithmic growth in\nthe volume) amount of patterns, mirroring the low-level storage of standard\nAmit-Gutfreund-Sompolinsky theory. Results obtained trough statistical\nmechanics, signal-to-noise technique and Monte Carlo simulations are overall in\nperfect agreement and carry interesting biological insights. Indeed, these\nassociative networks pave new perspectives in the understanding of multitasking\nfeatures expressed by complex systems, e.g. neural and immune networks.\n" }, { "id": "c8827d2e-9360-4adf-b9f0-359c19c57725", "adv_source_id": "c8827d2e-9360-4adf-b9f0-359c19c57725", "source_id": "c8827d2e-9360-4adf-b9f0-359c19c57725", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Complete Analysis of the l_1,p Group-Lasso", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Group-Lasso is a well-known tool for joint regularization in machine\nlearning methods. While the l_{1,2} and the l_{1,\\infty} version have been\nstudied in detail and efficient algorithms exist, there are still open\nquestions regarding other l_{1,p} variants. We characterize conditions for\nsolutions of the l_{1,p} Group-Lasso for all p-norms with 1 <= p <= \\infty, and\nwe present a unified active set algorithm. For all p-norms, a highly efficient\nprojected gradient algorithm is presented. This new algorithm enables us to\ncompare the prediction performance of many variants of the Group-Lasso in a\nmulti-task learning setting, where the aim is to solve many learning problems\nin parallel which are coupled via the Group-Lasso constraint. We conduct\nlarge-scale experiments on synthetic data and on two real-world data sets. In\naccordance with theoretical characterizations of the different norms we observe\nthat the weak-coupling norms with p between 1.5 and 2 consistently outperform\nthe strong-coupling norms with p >> 2.\n" }, { "id": "0e94d131-e023-41c0-9c43-76e1416ab907", "adv_source_id": "0e94d131-e023-41c0-9c43-76e1416ab907", "source_id": "0e94d131-e023-41c0-9c43-76e1416ab907", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Are There Age Spreads in Star Forming Regions?", "prompt": null, "generation": " A luminosity spread at a given effective temperature is ubiquitously seen in\nthe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagrams of young star forming regions and often\ninterpreted in terms of a prolonged period (>=10 Myr) of star formation. I\nreview the evidence that the observed luminosity spreads are genuine and not\ncaused by astrophysical sources of scatter. I then address whether the\nluminosity spreads necessarily imply large age spreads, by comparing HR diagram\nages with ages from independent clocks such as stellar rotation rate, the\npresence of circumstellar material and lithium depletion. I argue that whilst\nthere probably is a true luminosity dispersion, there is little evidence to\nsupport age spreads larger than a few Myr. This paradox could be resolved by\nbrief periods of rapid accretion during the class I pre main-sequence phase.\n" }, { "id": "ff400a3e-1212-49b1-b6d0-2a1b6104dc79", "adv_source_id": "ff400a3e-1212-49b1-b6d0-2a1b6104dc79", "source_id": "ff400a3e-1212-49b1-b6d0-2a1b6104dc79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The effect of metallicity on the delay-time distribution of type Ia\n supernova", "prompt": null, "generation": " Measuring the delay-time distribution (DTD) of type Ia supernova(SNe Ia) is\nan important way to constrain the progenitor nature of SNe Ia. Recently,\nStrolger et al. (2010) obtained a very delayed DTD, which is much different\nfrom other measurements. They suggested that metallicity could be the origin of\ntheir delayed DTD. In this paper, we show the effect of metallicity on the DTD\nof SNe Ia from single-degenerate models (including WD + MS and WD+RG channels).\nVia a binary population synthesis approach, we find that the DTD from a low\nmetallicity population is significantly delayed compared with that from a high\nmetallicity one. In addition, we also find that a substantial fraction of SNe\nIa have a delay time shorter than 1 Gyr, and the fraction of SNe Ia with short\ndelay times increases with metallicity, i.e. about 35% for Z=0.001, while more\nthan 70% for Z=0.02. These results would help to qualitatively explain the\nresult of Strolger et al. (2010). Furthermore, we noticed that the contribution\nof WD + RG channel from the low metallicity population is higher than that from\nthe high metallicity one. However, we can not quantitatively obtain a DTD\nconsistent with the results of Strolger et al. (2010) by changing metallicity.\nAs a consequence, metallicity may partly contribute to the DTD of SNe Ia and\nshould therefore be checked carefully when one derives the DTD of SNe Ia from\nobservations.\n" }, { "id": "014b23dd-dfe0-4072-a51e-87dab9a2d392", "adv_source_id": "014b23dd-dfe0-4072-a51e-87dab9a2d392", "source_id": "014b23dd-dfe0-4072-a51e-87dab9a2d392", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New unidentified Galactic H.E.S.S. sources", "prompt": null, "generation": " H.E.S.S. is one of the most sensitive instruments in the very high energy\n(VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray domain and has revealed many new sources along the\nGalactic Plane. After the successful first VHE Galactic Plane Survey of 2004,\nH.E.S.S. has continued and extended that survey in 2005-2008, discovering a\nnumber of new sources, many of which are unidentified. Some of the unidentified\nH.E.S.S. sources have several positional counterparts and hence several\ndifferent possible scenarios for the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission;\ntheir identification remains unclear. Others have so far no counterparts at any\nother wavelength. Particularly, the lack of an X-ray counterpart puts serious\nconstraints on emission models. Several newly discovered and still unidentified\nVHE sources are reported here.\n" }, { "id": "a989ec0b-8f0f-48ba-9d1d-2686ef44b013", "adv_source_id": "a989ec0b-8f0f-48ba-9d1d-2686ef44b013", "source_id": "a989ec0b-8f0f-48ba-9d1d-2686ef44b013", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modulino Dark Matter and the INTEGRAL 511 keV Line", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we present a simple extension of the minimal supersymmetric\nstandard model [MSSM] which \"naturally\" produces the INTEGRAL photon signal.\nThe model can be embedded in an SU(5) grand unified theory [GUT] with gauge\nmediated SUSY breaking. The new ingredients are the addition of several MSSM\nsinglets/moduli. While the masses of the singlets are at the weak scale, their\nmass splittings are suppressed by chiral symmetry breaking and naturally lie\naround an MeV. The decay of the heavier modulino to the lighter one with the\nassociated production of electron - positron pairs explains the INTEGRAL\nsignal. Finally, the detection of diffuse gamma rays from internal\nbremsstrahlung in the galactic halo would be a suggestive indication of dark\nmatter decays associated with the 511 keV line, and is an unambiguous\nadditional prediction of this model.\n" }, { "id": "b1ed3585-c55e-4ef3-b916-dedaf098d147", "adv_source_id": "b1ed3585-c55e-4ef3-b916-dedaf098d147", "source_id": "b1ed3585-c55e-4ef3-b916-dedaf098d147", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modification of energy shifts of atoms by the presence of a boundary in\n a thermal bath and the Casimir-Polder force", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the modification by the presence of a plane wall of energy level\nshifts of two-level atoms which are in multipolar coupling with quantized\nelectromagnetic fields in a thermal bath in a formalism which separates the\ncontributions of thermal fluctuations and radiation reaction and allows a\ndistinct treatment to atoms in the ground and excited states. The position\ndependent energy shifts give rise to an induced force acting on the atoms. We\nare able to identify three different regimes where the force shows distinct\nfeatures and examine, in all regimes, the behaviors of this force in both the\nlow temperature limit and the high temperature limit for both the ground state\nand excited state atoms, thus providing some physical insights into the\natom-wall interaction at finite temperature. In particular, we show that both\nthe magnitude and the direction of the force acting on an atom may have a clear\ndependence on atomic the polarization directions. In certain cases, a change of\nrelative ratio of polarizations in different directions may result in a change\nof direction of the force.\n" }, { "id": "433e0ba6-e788-4d37-a5e0-003f205900ee", "adv_source_id": "433e0ba6-e788-4d37-a5e0-003f205900ee", "source_id": "433e0ba6-e788-4d37-a5e0-003f205900ee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations of the very faint X-ray transient\n IGRJ17285-2922/XTEJ1728-295 during the 2010 outburst", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the first broad-band (0.5-150 keV) simultaneous X-ray observations\nof the very faint X-ray transient IGRJ17285-2922/XTEJ1728-295 performed with\nXMM-Newton and INTEGRAL satellites during its last outburst, started on 2010,\nAugust 28. XMM-Newton observed the source on 2010 September 9-10, for 22ks.\nINTEGRAL observations were part of the publicly available Galactic Bulge\nprogram, and overlapped with the times covered by XMM-Newton. The broad-band\nspectroscopy resulted in a best-fit with an absorbed power law displaying a\nphoton index of 1.61+/-0.01, an absorbing column density of (5.10+/-0.05)E21\ncm-2, and a flux of 2.4E-10 erg/cm2/s (1-100 keV), corrected for the\nabsorption. The data did not require either a spectral cut-off (E>50 keV) or an\nadditional soft component. The slopes of the XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL separate\nspectra were compatible, within the uncertainties. The timing analysis does not\nshow evidence either for X-ray pulsations or for type I X-ray bursts. The broad\nband X-ray spectrum as well as the power density spectrum are indicative of a\nlow hard state in a low mass X-ray binary, although nothing conclusive can be\nsaid about the nature of the compact object (neutron star or black hole). The\nresults we are reporting here allow us to conclude that IGRJ17285-2922 is a low\nmass X-ray binary, located at a distance greater than 4 kpc.\n" }, { "id": "2727fee7-1c83-4fdb-af8f-2acb0b4b9067", "adv_source_id": "2727fee7-1c83-4fdb-af8f-2acb0b4b9067", "source_id": "2727fee7-1c83-4fdb-af8f-2acb0b4b9067", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Open charm hadroproduction and the intrinsic charm content of the proton", "prompt": null, "generation": " We advocate charmed-hadron inclusive hadroproduction as a laboratory to probe\nintrinsic charm (IC) inside the colliding hadrons. Working at next-to-leading\norder in the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme endowed with\nnon-perturbative fragmentation functions recently extracted from a global fit\nto e^+e^- annihilation data from KEKB, CESR, and LEP1, we first assess the\nsensitivity of Tevatron data of D^0, D^+, and D^{*+} inclusive production to\nthe IC parameterizations provided by Pumplin et al. We then argue that similar\ndata from pp collisions at RHIC would have the potential to discriminate\nbetween different IC models provided they reach out to sufficiently large\nvalues of transverse momentum.\n" }, { "id": "374cb0d1-7fa7-4ee2-aed0-3646671fa26b", "adv_source_id": "374cb0d1-7fa7-4ee2-aed0-3646671fa26b", "source_id": "374cb0d1-7fa7-4ee2-aed0-3646671fa26b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Leader Election", "prompt": null, "generation": " Leader election between n parties is known to be impossible classically. This\nwork gives a simple algorithm that does it, based on the weak coin flipping\nprotocol with arbitrarily small bias derived by Mochon in 2007, and recently\npublished and simplified in Aharonov et al in 2016. A protocol with linear\nnumber of coin flipping rounds is quite simple to achieve; We further provide\nan improvement to logarithmic number of coin flipping rounds. This is a much\nimproved journal version of a preprint posted in 2009: many typos are\ncorrected, proofs are more rigorous and accurate, and the analysis of\ncomplexity is significantly tightened which gives a stronger result in terms of\nefficiency; The first protocol with linear number of rounds, was achieved\nindependently also by Aharon and Silman in 2010.\n" }, { "id": "cb3f4978-fc0a-41c3-bc9c-e22b4448a1cf", "adv_source_id": "cb3f4978-fc0a-41c3-bc9c-e22b4448a1cf", "source_id": "cb3f4978-fc0a-41c3-bc9c-e22b4448a1cf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multi-brid inflation and non-Gaussianity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a class of multi-component hybrid inflation models whose\nevolution may be analytically solved under the slow-roll approximation. We call\nit multi-brid inflation (or $n$-brid inflation where $n$ stands for the number\nof inflaton fields). As an explicit example, we consider a two-brid inflation\nmodel, in which the inflaton potentials are of exponential type and a waterfall\nfield that terminates inflation has the standard quartic potential with two\nminima. Using the $\\delta N$ formalism, we derive an expression for the\ncurvature perturbation valid to full nonlinear order. Then we give an explicit\nexpression for the curvature perturbation to second order in the inflaton\nperturbation. We find that the final form of the curvature perturbation depends\ncrucially on how the inflation ends. Using this expression, we present closed\nanalytical expressions for the spectrum of the curvature perturbation ${\\cal\nP}_{S}(k)$, the spectral index $n_S$, the tensor to scalar ratio $r$, and the\nnon-Gaussian parameter $f_{NL}^{\\rm local}$, in terms of the model parameters.\nWe find that a wide range of the parameter space $(n_S, r, f_{NL}^{\\rm local})$\ncan be covered by varying the model parameters within a physically reasonable\nrange. In particular, for plausible values of the model parameters, we may have\nlarge non-Gaussianity $f_{NL}^{\\rm local}\\sim 10$--100. This is in sharp\ncontrast to the case of single-field hybrid inflation in which these parameters\nare tightly constrained.\n" }, { "id": "eed1c00c-03ef-417d-8af8-cd7646372e93", "adv_source_id": "eed1c00c-03ef-417d-8af8-cd7646372e93", "source_id": "eed1c00c-03ef-417d-8af8-cd7646372e93", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Parallelization Strategies for Ant Colony Optimisation on GPUs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) is an effective population-based meta-heuristic\nfor the solution of a wide variety of problems. As a population-based\nalgorithm, its computation is intrinsically massively parallel, and it is\nthere- fore theoretically well-suited for implementation on Graphics Processing\nUnits (GPUs). The ACO algorithm comprises two main stages: Tour construction\nand Pheromone update. The former has been previously implemented on the GPU,\nusing a task-based parallelism approach. However, up until now, the latter has\nalways been implemented on the CPU. In this paper, we discuss several\nparallelisation strategies for both stages of the ACO algorithm on the GPU. We\npropose an alternative data-based parallelism scheme for Tour construction,\nwhich fits better on the GPU architecture. We also describe novel GPU\nprogramming strategies for the Pheromone update stage. Our results show a total\nspeed-up exceeding 28x for the Tour construction stage, and 20x for Pheromone\nupdate, and suggest that ACO is a potentially fruitful area for future research\nin the GPU domain.\n" }, { "id": "3a05353a-9939-4a39-b5e4-dc702e8bfa0a", "adv_source_id": "3a05353a-9939-4a39-b5e4-dc702e8bfa0a", "source_id": "3a05353a-9939-4a39-b5e4-dc702e8bfa0a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Towards Microscopic Ab Initio Calculations of Astrophysical S-Factors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Low energy capture cross sections are calculated within a microscopic\nmany-body approach using an effective Hamiltonian derived from the Argonne V18\npotential. The dynamics is treated within Fermionic Molecular Dynamics (FMD)\nwhich uses a Gaussian wave-packet basis to represent the many-body states. A\nphase-shift equivalent effective interaction derived within the Unitary\nCorrelation Operator Method (UCOM) that treats explicitly short-range central\nand tensor correlations is employed. As a first application the\n3He(alpha,gamma)7Be reaction is presented. Within the FMD approach the\nmicroscopic many-body wave functions of the 3/2- and 1/2- bound states in 7Be\nas well as the many-body scattering states in the 1/2+, 3/2+ and 5/2+ channels\nare calculated as eigenstates of the same microscopic effective Hamiltonian.\nFinally the S-factor is calculated from E1 transition matrix elements between\nthe many-body scattering and bound states. For 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be the S-factor\nagrees very well, both in absolute normalization and energy dependence, with\nthe recent experimental data from the Weizmann, LUNA, Seattle and ERNA\nexperiments. For the 3H(alpha,gamma)7Li reaction the calculated S-factor is\nabout 15% above the data.\n" }, { "id": "55cd451c-5a04-42ba-91d1-29c67db10ee7", "adv_source_id": "55cd451c-5a04-42ba-91d1-29c67db10ee7", "source_id": "55cd451c-5a04-42ba-91d1-29c67db10ee7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bottomonia in the Quark Gluon Plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " I review recent calculations of the suppression of bottomonium states in\nheavy ion collisions. A non-relativistic potential is used which is complex\nvalued. This allows one to extract the binding energies and decay widths of the\nground and excited states of bottomonium as a function of the typical plasma\nparticle momentum and momentum-space anisotropy. The decay widths determined\nare used as input and integrated over space-time taking into account the\ndynamical evolution of the typical particle momentum and momentum-space\nanisotropy. The suppression of Upsilon(1s), Upsilon(2s), Upsilon(3s), chi_b1,\nand chi_b2 is obtained as a function of centrality, rapidity, and transverse\nmomentum. The obtained results are compared with data from the STAR and CMS\ncollaborations.\n" }, { "id": "7a5000a0-2a9e-42ae-bcd7-247bd40e0871", "adv_source_id": "7a5000a0-2a9e-42ae-bcd7-247bd40e0871", "source_id": "7a5000a0-2a9e-42ae-bcd7-247bd40e0871", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase-space analysis and pseudodifferential calculus on the Heisenberg\n group", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper has been withdrawn by the authors. A class of pseudodifferential\noperators on the Heisenberg group is defined. As it should be, this class is an\nalgebra containing the class of differential operators. Furthermore, those\npseudodifferential operators act continuously on Sobolev spaces and the loss of\nderivatives may be controled by the order of the operator. Although a large\nnumber of works have been devoted in the past to the construction and the study\nof algebras of variable-coefficient operators, including some very interesting\nworks on the Heisenberg group, our approach is different, and in particular\nputs into light microlocal directions and completes, with the Littlewood-Paley\ntheory developed in \\cite{bgx} and \\cite{bg}, a microlocal analysis of the\nHeisenberg group.\n" }, { "id": "cae0c60b-8214-4649-9847-b62362f914a9", "adv_source_id": "cae0c60b-8214-4649-9847-b62362f914a9", "source_id": "cae0c60b-8214-4649-9847-b62362f914a9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Emergence of complex and spinor wave functions in Scale Relativity. II.\n Lorentz invariance and bi-spinors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Owing to the non-differentiable nature of the theory of Scale Relativity, the\nemergence of complex wave functions, then of spinors and bi-spinors occurs\nnaturally in its framework. The wave function is here a manifestation of the\nvelocity field of geodesics of a continuous and non-differentiable (therefore\nfractal) space-time. In a first paper (Paper I), we have presented the general\nargument which leads to this result using an elaborate and more detailed\nderivation than previously displayed. We have therefore been able to show how\nthe complex wave function emerges naturally from the doubling of the velocity\nfield and to revisit the derivation of the non relativistic Schr\\\"odinger\nequation of motion. In the present paper (Paper II) we deal with relativistic\nmotion and detail the natural emergence of the bi-spinors from such first\nprinciples of the theory. Moreover, while Lorentz invariance has been up to now\ninferred from mathematical results obtained in stochastic mechanics, we display\nhere a new and detailed derivation of the way one can obtain a Lorentz\ninvariant expression for the expectation value of the product of two\nindependent fractal fluctuation fields in the sole framework of the theory of\nScale Relativity. These new results allow us to enhance the robustness of our\nderivation of the two main equations of motion of relativistic quantum\nmechanics (the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations) which we revisit here at\nlength.\n" }, { "id": "754f351f-5539-4c2e-b8b5-1f2a21e486f0", "adv_source_id": "754f351f-5539-4c2e-b8b5-1f2a21e486f0", "source_id": "754f351f-5539-4c2e-b8b5-1f2a21e486f0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new family of exceptional polynomials in characteristic two", "prompt": null, "generation": " We produce a new family of polynomials f(x) over fields K of characteristic 2\nwhich are exceptional, in the sense that f(x)-f(y) has no absolutely\nirreducible factors in K[x,y] besides the scalar multiples of x-y; when K is\nfinite, this condition is equivalent to saying there are infinitely many finite\nextensions L/K for which the map c --> f(c) is bijective on L. Our polynomials\nhave degree (2^e-1)*2^(e-1), where e is odd. Combined with our previous paper\narxiv:0707.1835, this completes the classification of indecomposable\nexceptional polynomials of degree not a power of the characteristic. The\nstrategy of our proof is to identify the curves that can arise as the Galois\nclosure of the branched cover P^1 --> P^1 induced by an exceptional polynomial\nf. In this case, the curves turn out to be x^(q+1)+y^(q+1)=a+T(xy), where\nT(z)=z^(q/2)+z^(q/4)+...+z. Our proofs rely on new properties of ramification\nin Galois covers of curves, as well as the computation of the automorphism\ngroups of all curves in a certain 2-parameter family.\n" }, { "id": "62650e96-0cd7-4c26-8fc8-812783cc69ff", "adv_source_id": "62650e96-0cd7-4c26-8fc8-812783cc69ff", "source_id": "62650e96-0cd7-4c26-8fc8-812783cc69ff", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermal conductivity of overdoped BaFe$_{1.73}$Co$_{0.27}$As$_2$ single\n crystal: Evidence for nodeless multiple superconducting gaps and interband\n interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The in-plane thermal conductivity $\\kappa$ of overdoped FeAs-based\nsuperconductor BaFe$_{1.73}$Co$_{0.27}$As$_2$ ($T_c$ = 8.1 K) single crystal\nwas measured down to 80 mK. In zero field, the residual linear term\n$\\kappa_0/T$ is negligible, suggesting a nodeless superconducting gap in the\n$ab$-plane. In magnetic field, $\\kappa_0/T$ increases rapidly, very different\nfrom that of conventional s-wave superconductors. This anomalous\n$\\kappa_0/T(H)$ may reveal an exotic superconducting gap structure in overdoped\nBaFe$_{1.73}$Co$_{0.27}$As$_2$: the vanishing hole ($\\beta$) pocket has a much\nlarger gap than the electron ($\\gamma$ and $\\delta$) pockets which contain most\nof the carriers. Such an exotic gap structure is an evidence for\nsuperconducting state induced by interband interactions, in which the band with\nthe {\\it smaller} density of states has a {\\it larger} gap.\n" }, { "id": "a6c2c1f9-4084-41b6-95dd-db12b2ac4cc0", "adv_source_id": "a6c2c1f9-4084-41b6-95dd-db12b2ac4cc0", "source_id": "a6c2c1f9-4084-41b6-95dd-db12b2ac4cc0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multiple scattering of ultrasound in weakly inhomogeneous media:\n application to human soft tissues", "prompt": null, "generation": " Waves scattered by a weakly inhomogeneous random medium contain a predominant\nsingle scattering contribution as well as a multiple scattering contribution\nwhich is usually neglected, especially for imaging purposes. A method based on\nrandom matrix theory is proposed to separate the single and multiple scattering\ncontributions. The experimental set up uses an array of sources/receivers\nplaced in front of the medium. The impulse responses between every couple of\ntransducers are measured and form a matrix. Single-scattering contributions are\nshown to exhibit a deterministic coherence along the antidiagonals of the array\nresponse matrix, whatever the distribution of inhomogeneities. This property is\ntaken advantage of to discriminate single from multiple-scattered waves. This\nallows one to evaluate the absorption losses and the scattering losses\nseparately, by comparing the multiple scattering intensity with a radiative\ntransfer model. Moreover, the relative contribution of multiple scattering in\nthe backscattered wave can be estimated, which serves as a validity test for\nthe Born approximation. Experimental results are presented with ultrasonic\nwaves in the MHz range, on a synthetic sample (agar-gelatine gel) as well as on\nbreast tissues. Interestingly, the multiple scattering contribution is found to\nbe far from negligible in the breast around 4.3 MHz.\n" }, { "id": "ad92f7f3-8430-4ee5-8cff-9c342b1fbaf1", "adv_source_id": "ad92f7f3-8430-4ee5-8cff-9c342b1fbaf1", "source_id": "ad92f7f3-8430-4ee5-8cff-9c342b1fbaf1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Direct reaction measurements with a 132Sn radioactive ion beam", "prompt": null, "generation": " The (d,p) neutron transfer and (d,d) elastic scattering reactions were\nmeasured in inverse kinematics using a radioactive ion beam of 132Sn at 630\nMeV. The elastic scattering data were taken in a region where Rutherford\nscattering dominated the reaction, and nuclear effects account for less than 8%\nof the cross section. The magnitude of the nuclear effects was found to be\nindependent of the optical potential used, allowing the transfer data to be\nnormalized in a reliable manner. The neutron-transfer reaction populated a\npreviously unmeasured state at 1363 keV, which is most likely the\nsingle-particle 3p1/2 state expected above the N=82 shell closure. The data\nwere analyzed using finite range adiabatic wave calculations and the results\ncompared with the previous analysis using the distorted wave Born\napproximation. Angular distributions for the ground and first excited states\nare consistent with the previous tentative spin and parity assignments.\nSpectroscopic factors extracted from the differential cross sections are\nsimilar to those found for the one neutron states beyond the benchmark\ndoubly-magic nucleus 208Pb.\n" }, { "id": "624bf85c-ebe2-4607-996c-9f8bc08ba6a7", "adv_source_id": "624bf85c-ebe2-4607-996c-9f8bc08ba6a7", "source_id": "624bf85c-ebe2-4607-996c-9f8bc08ba6a7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unconditional generation of bright coherent non-Gaussian light from\n exciton-polariton condensates", "prompt": null, "generation": " Exciton-polariton condensates are considered as a deterministic source of\nbright, coherent non-Gaussian light. Exciton-polariton condensates emit\ncoherent light via the photoluminescence through the microcavity mirrors due to\nthe spontaneous formation of coherence. Unlike conventional lasers which emit\ncoherent Gaussian light, polaritons possess a natural nonlinearity due to the\ninteraction of the excitonic component. This produces light with a negative\ncomponent to the Wigner function at steady-state operation when the phase is\nstabilized via a suitable method such as injection locking. In contrast to many\nother proposals for sources of non-Gaussian light, in our case, the light\ntypically has an average photon number exceeding one and emerges as a\ncontinuous wave. Such a source may have uses in continuous-variable quantum\ninformation and communication.\n" }, { "id": "2d0ac9f9-3000-43ee-be0e-ace43216802b", "adv_source_id": "2d0ac9f9-3000-43ee-be0e-ace43216802b", "source_id": "2d0ac9f9-3000-43ee-be0e-ace43216802b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New results on the energy of integral circulant graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Circulant graphs are an important class of interconnection networks in\nparallel and distributed computing. Integral circulant graphs play an important\nrole in modeling quantum spin networks supporting the perfect state transfer as\nwell. The integral circulant graph $\\ICG_n (D)$ has the vertex set $Z_n = \\{0,\n1, 2, ..., n - 1\\}$ and vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if $\\gcd(a-b,n)\\in\nD$, where $D \\subseteq \\{d : d \\mid n,\\ 1\\leq d 10 GeV photons can be seen in the future.\n" }, { "id": "72a563c4-0438-4117-b4db-3357bf4613d3", "adv_source_id": "72a563c4-0438-4117-b4db-3357bf4613d3", "source_id": "72a563c4-0438-4117-b4db-3357bf4613d3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rieffel deformation of group coactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let G be a locally compact group, H an abelian subgroup and let f be a\ncontinuous 2-cocycle on the dual group of H. Let B be a C*-algebra equipped\nwith a continuous right coaction of G. Using Rieffel deformation, we can\nconstruct a quantum group G(f) and the deformed C*-algebra B(f). The aim of\nthis paper is to show that B(f) is equipped with a continuous coaction of G(f).\nThe transition from the original coaction to its deformed counterpart is\nnontrivial in the sense that the deformed one contains complete information\nabout the undeformed one. In order to illustrate our construction we apply it\nto the action of the Lorentz group on the Minkowski space obtaining a\nC*-algebraic quantum Minkowski space.\n" }, { "id": "eb2644ea-de64-424c-a2e5-1c5eceed7e76", "adv_source_id": "eb2644ea-de64-424c-a2e5-1c5eceed7e76", "source_id": "eb2644ea-de64-424c-a2e5-1c5eceed7e76", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlinear Markov semigroups and refinement schemes on metric spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " This article settles the convergence question for multivariate barycentric\nsubdivision schemes with nonnegative masks on complete metric spaces of\nnonpositive Alexandrov curvature, also known as Hadamard spaces. We establish a\nlink between these types of refinement algorithms and the theory of Markov\nchains by characterizing barycentric subdivision schemes as nonlinear Markov\nsemigroups. Exploiting this connection, we subsequently prove that any such\nscheme converges on arbitrary Hadamard spaces if and only if it converges for\nreal valued input data. Moreover, we generalize a characterization of\nconvergence from the linear theory, and consider approximation qualities of\nbarycentric subdivision schemes. A concluding section addresses the\nrelationship between the convergence properties of a scheme and its so-called\ncharacteristic Markov chain.\n" }, { "id": "4fea2c22-7f48-4f10-a878-1d34cd9b21b6", "adv_source_id": "4fea2c22-7f48-4f10-a878-1d34cd9b21b6", "source_id": "4fea2c22-7f48-4f10-a878-1d34cd9b21b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal Bangla Keyboard Layout using Data Mining Technique", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper presents an optimal Bangla Keyboard Layout, which distributes the\nload equally on both hands so that maximizing the ease and minimizing the\neffort. Bangla alphabet has a large number of letters, for this it is difficult\nto type faster using Bangla keyboard. Our proposed keyboard will maximize the\nspeed of operator as they can type with both hands parallel. Here we use the\nassociation rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the\nkeyboard. First, we analyze the frequencies of data consisting of monograph,\ndigraph and trigraph, which are derived from data wire-house, and then used\nassociation rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the\nlayout. Experimental results on several data show the effectiveness of the\nproposed approach with better performance.\n" }, { "id": "61bb323b-6824-48a8-9ccf-5b1a856b55f1", "adv_source_id": "61bb323b-6824-48a8-9ccf-5b1a856b55f1", "source_id": "61bb323b-6824-48a8-9ccf-5b1a856b55f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Fractional Quantum Hall state at nu=5/2 and the Moore-Read Pfaffian", "prompt": null, "generation": " Results from exact diagonalization show that the spin-polarized Coulomb\nground state at nu=5/2 is adiabatically connected with the Moore-Read wave\nfunction for systems with up to Nel = 16 electrons on the surface of a sphere.\nVarying the Haldane pseudopotentials v1 and v3, keeping all others at their\nvalue for Coulomb interaction, energy gap and (v1,v3)-dependent ground state\noverlap with the Moore-Read state form two ridges whose peak positions and\nextent in the (v1,v3)-plane essentially coincide. Thus, the physics of the\nCoulomb ground state at nu=5/2 is indeed captured by the Moore-Read state and\nthat non-Abelian statistics can be expected under experimental conditions. Such\nadiabatic connection is not observed at nu=1/2, unless the width of the\ninterface wave function and/or Landau level mixing effects are sufficiently\nlarge. Varying the width, an excitation gap is found for all system sizes Nel\n\\le 18 studied. However, its system size dependence casts doubt on the\nexistence of a Moore-Read-phase at nu=1/2 in the thermodynamic limit.\n" }, { "id": "7f83e91a-7c61-46de-92dd-eb17054df934", "adv_source_id": "7f83e91a-7c61-46de-92dd-eb17054df934", "source_id": "7f83e91a-7c61-46de-92dd-eb17054df934", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Submersions, Hamiltonian systems and optimal solutions to the rolling\n manifolds problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given a submersion $\\pi:Q \\to M$ with an Ehresmann connection $\\mathcal{H}$,\nwe describe how to solve Hamiltonian systems on $M$ by lifting our problem to\n$Q$. Furthermore, we show that all solutions of these lifted Hamiltonian\nsystems can be described using the original Hamiltonian vector field on $M$\nalong with a generalization of the magnetic force. This generalized force is\ndescribed using the curvature of $\\mathcal{H}$ along with a new form of\nparallel transport of covectors vanishing on $\\mathcal{H}$. Using the\nPontryagin maximum principle, we apply this theory to optimal control problems\n$M$ and $Q$ to get results on normal and abnormal extremals. We give a\ndemonstration of our theory by considering the optimal control problem of one\nRiemannian manifold rolling on another without twisting or slipping along\ncurves of minimal length.\n" }, { "id": "0773fef1-f611-4917-b49c-e0e9eb2e5730", "adv_source_id": "0773fef1-f611-4917-b49c-e0e9eb2e5730", "source_id": "0773fef1-f611-4917-b49c-e0e9eb2e5730", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dissipation and Decoherence in Nanodevices: a Generalized Fermi's Golden\n Rule", "prompt": null, "generation": " We shall revisit the conventional adiabatic or Markov approximation, which\n--contrary to the semiclassical case-- does not preserve the positive-definite\ncharacter of the corresponding density matrix, thus leading to highly\nnon-physical results. To overcome this serious limitation, originally pointed\nout and partially solved by Davies and co-workers almost three decades ago, we\nshall propose an alternative more general adiabatic procedure, which (i) is\nphysically justified under the same validity restrictions of the conventional\nMarkov approach, (ii) in the semiclassical limit reduces to the standard\nFermi's golden rule, and (iii) describes a genuine Lindblad evolution, thus\nproviding a reliable/robust treatment of energy-dissipation and dephasing\nprocesses in electronic quantum devices. Unlike standard master-equation\nformulations, the dependence of our approximation on the specific choice of the\nsubsystem (that include the common partial trace reduction) does not threaten\npositivity, and quantum scattering rates are well defined even in case the\nsubsystem is infinitely extended/has continuous spectrum.\n" }, { "id": "080fa211-cdcb-41a5-8852-15c0ff333b11", "adv_source_id": "080fa211-cdcb-41a5-8852-15c0ff333b11", "source_id": "080fa211-cdcb-41a5-8852-15c0ff333b11", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High spin limits and non-abelian T-duality", "prompt": null, "generation": " The action of the non-abelian T-dual of the WZW model is related to an\nappropriate gauged WZW action via a limiting procedure. We extend this type of\nequivalence to general sigma-models with non-abelian isometries and their\nnon-abelian T-duals, focusing on Principal Chiral models. We reinforce and\nrefine this equivalence by arguing that the non-abelian T-duals are the\neffective backgrounds describing states of an appropriate parent theory\ncorresponding to divergently large highest weight representations. The proof\ninvolves carrying out a subtle limiting procedure in the group representations\nand relating them to appropriate limits in the corresponding backgrounds. We\nillustrate the general method by providing several non-trivial examples.\n" }, { "id": "e8d5367d-1a29-4f3f-9a9f-470af312d931", "adv_source_id": "e8d5367d-1a29-4f3f-9a9f-470af312d931", "source_id": "e8d5367d-1a29-4f3f-9a9f-470af312d931", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A needlet-based approach to the full-sky data analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " In cosmic-ray physics, large field of view experiments are triggered by a\nnumber of signals laying on different angular scales: point-like and extended\ngamma-ray sources, diffuse emissions, as well as large and intermediate scale\ncosmic-ray anisotropies. The separation of all these contributions is crucial,\nmostly when they overlap with each other. Needlets are a form of spherical\nwavelets that have recently drawn a lot of attention in the cosmological\nliterature, especially in connection with the analysis of CMB data. Needlets\nenjoy a number of important statistical and numerical properties which suggest\nthat they can be very effective in handling cosmic-ray and gamma-ray data\nanalysis. An application of needlets to astroparticle physics is shown here. In\nparticular, light will be thrown on how useful they might be for estimating\nbackground and foreground contributions. Since such an estimation is expected\nto be optimal or nearly-optimal in a well-defined mathematical sense, needlets\nturn out to be a powerful method for unbiased point-source detections. In this\npaper needlets were applied to two distinct simulated datasets, for satellite\nand EAS array experiments, both large field of view telescopes. Results will be\ncompared to those achievable with standard analysis tecniques in any of these\ncases.\n" }, { "id": "2749988e-2905-489d-978b-0893536e6896", "adv_source_id": "2749988e-2905-489d-978b-0893536e6896", "source_id": "2749988e-2905-489d-978b-0893536e6896", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anomalous Dimers in Quantum Mixtures near Broad Resonances: Pauli\n Blocking, Fermi Surface Dynamics and Implications", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the energetics and dispersion of anomalous dimers that are induced\nby the Pauli blocking effect in a quantum Fermi gas of majority atoms near\ninterspecies resonances. Unlike in vacuum, we find that both the sign and\nmagnitude of the dimer masses are tunable via Feshbach resonances. We also\ninvestigate the effects of particle-hole fluctuations on the dispersion of\ndimers and demonstrate that the particle-hole fluctuations near a Fermi surface\n(with Fermi momentum $\\hbar k_F$) generally reduce the effective two-body\ninteractions and the binding energy of dimers. Furthermore, in the limit of\nlight minority atoms the particle-hole fluctuations disfavor the formation of\ndimers with a total momentum $\\hbar k_F$, because near $\\hbar k_F$ the modes\nwhere the dominating particle-hole fluctuations appear are the softest. Our\ncalculation suggests that near broad interspecies resonances when the\nminority-majority mass ratio $m_B/m_F$ is smaller than a critical value\n(estimated to be 0.136), dimers in a finite-momentum channel are energetically\nfavored over dimers in the zero-momentum channel. We apply our theory to\nquantum gases of $^{6}$Li$^{40}$K, $^{6}$Li$^{87}$Rb, $^{40}$K$^{87}$Rb and\n$^{6}$Li$^{23}$Na near broad interspecies resonances, and discuss the\nlimitations of our calculations and implications.\n" }, { "id": "ba861d3b-02aa-40d0-8abf-80117b039ba4", "adv_source_id": "ba861d3b-02aa-40d0-8abf-80117b039ba4", "source_id": "ba861d3b-02aa-40d0-8abf-80117b039ba4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Control of spontaneous emission of an inverted Y-type atomic system\n coupled by three coherent fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the spontaneous emission from an inverted Y-type atomic system\ncoupled by three coherent fields. We use the Schr\\\"{o}dinger equation to\ncalculate the probability amplitudes of the wave function of the system and\nderive an analytical expression of the spontaneous emission spectrum to trace\nthe origin of the spectral features. Quantum interference effects, such as the\nspectral line narrowing, spectrum splitting and dark resonance are observed.\nThe number of spectral components, the spectral linewidth, and relative heights\ncan be very different depending on the physical parameters. A variety of\nspontaneous emission spectral features can be controlled by the amplitudes of\nthe coupling fields and the preparation of the initial quantum state of the\natom. We propose an ultracold atomic $^{87}Rb$ system for experimental\nobservation.\n" }, { "id": "90170792-b236-48da-be0b-b7c8cc60fec3", "adv_source_id": "90170792-b236-48da-be0b-b7c8cc60fec3", "source_id": "90170792-b236-48da-be0b-b7c8cc60fec3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First orbital solution for the non-thermal emitter Cyg OB2 #9", "prompt": null, "generation": " After the first detection of its binary nature, the spectroscopic monitoring\nof the non-thermal radio emitter Cyg OB2 #9 (P=2.4yrs) has continued, doubling\nthe number of available spectra of the star. Since the discovery paper of 2008,\na second periastron passage has occurred in February 2009. Using a variety of\ntechniques, the radial velocities could be estimated and a first, preliminary\norbital solution was derived from the HeI5876 line. The mass ratio appears\nclose to unity and the eccentricity is large, 0.7--0.75. X-ray data from 2004\nand 2007 are also analyzed in quest of peculiarities linked to binarity. The\nobservations reveal no large overluminosity nor strong hardness, but it must be\nnoted that the high-energy data were taken after the periastron passage, at a\ntime where colliding wind emission may be low. Some unusual X-ray variability\nis however detected, with a 10% flux decrease between 2004 and 2007. To clarify\ntheir origin and find a more obvious signature of the wind-wind collision,\nadditional data, taken at periastron and close to it, are needed.\n" }, { "id": "86486c88-ca4c-43da-9c9b-448bb31da6ae", "adv_source_id": "86486c88-ca4c-43da-9c9b-448bb31da6ae", "source_id": "86486c88-ca4c-43da-9c9b-448bb31da6ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observational bounds on the cosmic radiation density", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the inference of the cosmic radiation density, traditionally\nparameterised as the effective number of neutrino species N_eff, from precision\ncosmological data. Paying particular attention to systematic effects, notably\nscale-dependent biasing in the galaxy power spectrum, we find no evidence for a\nsignificant deviation of N_eff from the standard value of N_eff^0=3.046 in any\ncombination of cosmological data sets, in contrast to some recent conclusions\nof other authors. The combination of all available data in the linear regime\nprefers, in the context of a ``vanilla+N_eff'' cosmological model,\n1.1> 1], which might\nbe the reason it had not been observed in the authors' numerical work. While we\ndispute the proposed mechanism of failure of quantum adiabatic algorithm, we\ncannot draw any conclusions on its ultimate complexity.\n" }, { "id": "ea09f7cf-90ae-4035-a05c-6548e9039d89", "adv_source_id": "ea09f7cf-90ae-4035-a05c-6548e9039d89", "source_id": "ea09f7cf-90ae-4035-a05c-6548e9039d89", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "VERITAS Data Acquisition", "prompt": null, "generation": " VERITAS employs a multi-stage data acquisition chain that extends from the\nVME readout of custom 500 MS/s flash ADC electronics to the construction of\ntelescope events and ultimately the compilation of information from each\ntelescope into array level data. These systems provide access to the\nprogramming of the channel level triggers and the FADCs. They also ensure the\nproper synchronization of event information across the array and provide the\nfirst level of data quality monitoring. Additionally, the data acquisition\nincludes features to handle the readout of special trigger types and to monitor\nchannel scaler rates. In this paper we describe the software and hardware\ncomponents of the systems and the protocols used to communicate between the\nVME, telescope, and array levels. We also discuss the performance of the data\nacquisition for array operations.\n" }, { "id": "62d2bcdd-2bde-4f3b-803b-9da88cd1552b", "adv_source_id": "62d2bcdd-2bde-4f3b-803b-9da88cd1552b", "source_id": "62d2bcdd-2bde-4f3b-803b-9da88cd1552b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scalar generalized Verma modules", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we study the scalar generalized Verma module $M$ associated to\na character of a parabolic subgroup of $\\operatorname{SL}(E)$. Here $E$ is a\nfinite dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field $K$ of\ncharacteristic zero. The Verma module $M$ has a canonical simple quotient $L$\nwith a canonical filtration $F$. In the case when the quotient $L$ is finite\ndimensional we use left annihilator ideals in $U(\\mathfrak{sl}(E))$ and\ngeometric results on jet bundles to generalize to an algebraically closed field\nof characteristic zero a classical formula of W. Smoke on the structure of the\njet bundle of a line bundle on an arbitrary quotient $\\operatorname{SL}(E)/P$\nwhere $P$ is a parabolic subgroup of $\\operatorname{SL}(E)$. This formula was\noriginally proved by Smoke in 1967 using analytic techniques.\n" }, { "id": "877dd56c-70df-4bc0-9184-6959ee40c5ce", "adv_source_id": "877dd56c-70df-4bc0-9184-6959ee40c5ce", "source_id": "877dd56c-70df-4bc0-9184-6959ee40c5ce", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Possible evidence of a ground level enhancement of muons in association\n with a SWIFT Trigger", "prompt": null, "generation": " Starting from April 2007, a search for solar daily variation of the muon\nintensity ($E_\\mu >0.2$ GeV) at sea level and using two directional muon\ntelescopes is in progress. In this survey, several ground level enhancements\n(GLEs) on the muon counting rate background have been found. Here, we highlight\none of them, observed in the vertical telescope on 07 August 2007 for the\nfollowing reasons: The GLE consists of a single narrow peak, with a statistical\nsignificance of 4.4$\\sigma$. The GLE is in temporal coincidence with a SWIFT\ntrigger $N^0287222$, at 21:16:05 UT according to the Burst Alert Telescope\n(BAT) on board of the SWIFT spacecraft. However, the Swift StarTracker had lost\nstellar lock minutes before that and the resulting improper s/c attitude\ninformation caused BAT to \"trigger\" on a known source. Even so, the SWIFT\ntrigger coordinates are inside the effective field of view of the vertical Tupi\nmuon telescope. The temporal and directional coincidences between this GLE and\nthe SWIFT satellite unknown event strongly suggest that they may be physically\nassociated. Details and implications of this possible association are reported\nin this work.\n" }, { "id": "983bd6c4-84dd-4c63-afc8-65d2d85f250e", "adv_source_id": "983bd6c4-84dd-4c63-afc8-65d2d85f250e", "source_id": "983bd6c4-84dd-4c63-afc8-65d2d85f250e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probabilistic verifiers for asymmetric debates", "prompt": null, "generation": " We examine the power of silent constant-space probabilistic verifiers that\nwatch asymmetric debates (where one side is unable to see some of the messages\nof the other) between two deterministic provers, and try to determine who is\nright. We prove that probabilistic verifiers outperform their deterministic\ncounterparts as asymmetric debate checkers. It is shown that the membership\nproblem for every language in NSPACE(s(n)) has a 2^{s(n)}-time debate where one\nprover is completely blind to the other one, for polynomially bounded space\nconstructible s(n). When partial information is allowed to be seen by the\nhandicapped prover, the class of languages debatable in 2^{s(n)} time contains\nTIME(2^{s(n)}), so a probabilistic finite automaton can solve any decision\nproblem in P with small error in polynomial time with the aid of such a debate.\nWe also compare our systems with those with a single prover, and with\ncompeting-prover interactive proof systems.\n" }, { "id": "7995b89c-6a12-41d2-b639-e399b01a8eb2", "adv_source_id": "7995b89c-6a12-41d2-b639-e399b01a8eb2", "source_id": "7995b89c-6a12-41d2-b639-e399b01a8eb2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inducing Transport in a Dissipation-Free Lattice with Super Bloch\n Oscillations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Particles in a perfect lattice potential perform Bloch oscillations when\nsubject to a constant force, leading to localization and preventing\nconductivity. For a weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of Cs\natoms, we observe giant center-of-mass oscillations in position space with a\ndisplacement across hundreds of lattice sites when we add a periodic modulation\nto the force near the Bloch frequency. We study the dependence of these \"super\"\nBloch oscillations on lattice depth, modulation amplitude, and modulation\nfrequency and show that they provide a means to induce linear transport in a\ndissipation-free lattice. Surprisingly, we find that, for an interacting\nquantum system, super Bloch oscillations strongly suppress the appearance of\ndynamical instabilities and, for our parameters, increase the phase-coherence\ntime by more than a factor of hundred.\n" }, { "id": "fcdc68f7-004e-4f70-8f6b-9ef1659d966b", "adv_source_id": "fcdc68f7-004e-4f70-8f6b-9ef1659d966b", "source_id": "fcdc68f7-004e-4f70-8f6b-9ef1659d966b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "How does Inflation Depend Upon the Nature of Fluids Filling Up the\n Universe in Brane World Scenario", "prompt": null, "generation": " By constructing different parameters which are able to give us the\ninformation about our universe during inflation,(specially at the start and the\nend of the inflationary universe) a brief idea of brane world inflation is\ngiven in this work. What will be the size of the universe at the end of\ninflation,i.e.,how many times will it grow than today's size is been speculated\nand analysed thereafter. Different kinds of fluids are taken to be the matter\ninside the brane. It is observed that in the case of highly positive pressure\ngrower gas like polytropic,the size of the universe at the end of inflation is\ncomparitively smaller. Whereas for negative pressure creators (like chaplygin\ngas) this size is much bigger. Except thse two cases, inflation has been\nstudied for barotropic fluid and linear redshift parametrization $\\omega(z) =\n\\omega_{0} + \\omega_{1} z$ too. For them the size of the universe after\ninflation is much more high. We also have seen that this size does not depend\nupon the potential energy at the end of the inflation. On the contrary, there\nis a high impact of the initial potential energy upon the size of inflation.\n" }, { "id": "3ab4d8f9-cf83-4bef-9002-59cef4074672", "adv_source_id": "3ab4d8f9-cf83-4bef-9002-59cef4074672", "source_id": "3ab4d8f9-cf83-4bef-9002-59cef4074672", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Central Swaths (A Generalization of the Central Path)", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a natural generalization to the notion of the central path -- a\nnotion that lies at the heart of interior-point methods for convex\noptimization. The generalization is accomplished via the \"derivative cones\" of\na \"hyperbolicity cone,\" the derivatives being direct and\nmathematically-appealing relaxations of the underlying (hyperbolic) conic\nconstraint, be it the non-negative orthant, the cone of positive semidefinite\nmatrices, or other.\n We prove that a dynamics inherent to the derivative cones generates paths\nalways leading to optimality, the central path arising from a special case in\nwhich the derivative cones are quadratic. Derivative cones of higher degree\nbetter fit the underlying conic constraint, raising the prospect that the paths\nthey generate lead to optimality quicker than the central path.\n" }, { "id": "8e80a109-ab0c-4ffa-bf16-9cab4101388f", "adv_source_id": "8e80a109-ab0c-4ffa-bf16-9cab4101388f", "source_id": "8e80a109-ab0c-4ffa-bf16-9cab4101388f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Weather and its Role in Captain Robert F. Scott and his Companions'\n Deaths", "prompt": null, "generation": " A long debate has ensued about the relationship of weather conditions and\nAntarctic exploration. In no place on Earth is exploration, human existence,\nand scientific research so weather dependent. By using an artificial neural\nnetwork simulation, historical (Heroic Age) and modern weather data from manned\nand automated stations, placed at different locations of the Ross Ice Shelf,\nand the Ross Island, I have examined minimum near surface air temperatures. All\nmodern meteorological data, as well as historical data of Cherry-Garrard, high\ncorrelations between temperatures at different locations, and artificial neural\nnetwork retrodiction of modern and historical temperature data, point out the\noddity of Captain Scott's temperature recordings from February 27 - March 19,\n1912. I was able to show that in this period the actual minimum near surface\nair temperature was on the average about 13{\\deg}F(7{\\deg}C) above that\nreported by Captain Scott and his party. On the basis of the mentioned evidence\nI concluded that the real minimum near surface air temperature data was altered\nby Lt. Bowers and Captain Scott to inflate and dramatize the weather\nconditions.\n" }, { "id": "90ef4685-279b-466e-8a8b-bfc1cfe3b7d4", "adv_source_id": "90ef4685-279b-466e-8a8b-bfc1cfe3b7d4", "source_id": "90ef4685-279b-466e-8a8b-bfc1cfe3b7d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bismuth in silicon qubits: the role of EPR cancellation resonances", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate theoretically and experimentally the electron paramagnetic\nresonance (EPR) spectra of bismuth doped silicon (Si:Bi) at intermediate\nmagnetic fields, $B \\approx 0.05 -0.6$ T. We identify a previously unexplored\nEPR regime of \"cancellation-resonances\"- where part of the hyperfine coupling\nis resonant with the external field-induced splitting. We show this regime has\ninteresting and experimentally accessible consequences for spectroscopy and\nquantum information applications. These include reduction of decoherence, fast\nmanipulation of the coupled nuclear-electron qubit system and line narrowing in\nthe multi-qubit case. We test our theoretical analysis by comparing with\nexperimental X-band (9.7 GHz) EPR spectra obtained in the intermediate field\nregime.\n" }, { "id": "9d132900-2248-4d0f-8561-0871046e0970", "adv_source_id": "9d132900-2248-4d0f-8561-0871046e0970", "source_id": "9d132900-2248-4d0f-8561-0871046e0970", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "MAXI GSC monitoring of the Crab nebula and pulsar during the GeV\n gamma-ray flare in September 2010", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on the MAXI GSC X-ray monitoring of the Crab nebula and pulsar\nduring the GeV gamma-ray flare for the period of 2010 September 18-24 (MJD\n55457-55463) detected by AGILE and Fermi-LAT. There were no significant\nvariations on the pulse phase averaged and pulsed fluxes during the gamma-ray\nflare on time scales from 0.5 to 5 days. The pulse profile also showed no\nsignificant change during this period. The upper limits on the variations of\nthe pulse phase averaged and pulsed fluxes for the period MJD 55457.5-55462.5\nin the 4-10 keV band are derived to be 1 and 19%, respectively, at the 90%\nconfidence limit of the statistical uncertainty. The lack of variations in the\npulsed component over the multi-wavelength range (radio, X-ray, hard X-ray, and\ngamma-ray) supports not the pulsar but the nebular origin for the gamma-ray\nflare.\n" }, { "id": "8cff9b80-b7f8-45a7-bd98-cb98d6501ff5", "adv_source_id": "8cff9b80-b7f8-45a7-bd98-cb98d6501ff5", "source_id": "8cff9b80-b7f8-45a7-bd98-cb98d6501ff5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Automated Training and Maintenance through Kinect", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we have worked on reducing burden on mechanic involving\ncomplex automobile maintenance activities that are performed in centralised\nworkshops. We have presented a system prototype that combines Augmented Reality\nwith Kinect. With the use of Kinect, very high quality sensors are available at\nconsiderably low costs, thus reducing overall expenditure for system design.\nThe system can be operated either in Speech mode or in Gesture mode. The system\ncan be controlled by various audio commands if user opts for Speech mode. The\nsame controlling can also be done by using a set of Gestures in Gesture mode.\n Gesture recognition is the task performed by Kinect system. This system,\nbundled with RGB and Depth camera, processes the skeletal data by keeping track\nof 20 different body joints. Recognizing Gestures is done by verifying user\nmovements and checking them against predefined condition. Augmented Reality\nmodule captures real-time image data streams from high resolution camera. This\nmodule then generates 3D model that is superimposed on real time data.\n" }, { "id": "f188fa1f-5e66-4550-9464-1e619ae0a339", "adv_source_id": "f188fa1f-5e66-4550-9464-1e619ae0a339", "source_id": "f188fa1f-5e66-4550-9464-1e619ae0a339", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Onset of quantum chaos in one-dimensional bosonic and fermionic systems\n and its relation to thermalization", "prompt": null, "generation": " By means of full exact diagonalization, we study level statistics and the\nstructure of the eigenvectors of one-dimensional gapless bosonic and fermionic\nsystems across the transition from integrability to quantum chaos. These\nsystems are integrable in the presence of only nearest-neighbor terms, whereas\nthe addition of next-nearest neighbor hopping and interaction may lead to the\nonset of chaos. We show that the strength of the next-nearest neighbor terms\nrequired to observe clear signatures of nonintegrability is inversely\nproportional to the system size. Interestingly, the transition to chaos is also\nseen to depend on particle statistics, with bosons responding first to the\nintegrability breaking terms. In addition, we discuss the use of delocalization\nmeasures as main indicators for the crossover from integrability to chaos and\nthe consequent viability of quantum thermalization in isolated systems.\n" }, { "id": "bb081d11-2129-4020-8547-b6b8cc2fcff6", "adv_source_id": "bb081d11-2129-4020-8547-b6b8cc2fcff6", "source_id": "bb081d11-2129-4020-8547-b6b8cc2fcff6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Zero-error communication via quantum channels, non-commutative graphs\n and a quantum Lovasz theta function", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the quantum channel version of Shannon's zero-error capacity\nproblem. Motivated by recent progress on this question, we propose to consider\na certain operator space as the quantum generalisation of the adjacency matrix,\nin terms of which the plain, quantum and entanglement-assisted capacity can be\nformulated, and for which we show some new basic properties.\n Most importantly, we define a quantum version of Lovasz' famous theta\nfunction, as the norm-completion (or stabilisation) of a \"naive\" generalisation\nof theta. We go on to show that this function upper bounds the number of\nentanglement-assisted zero-error messages, that it is given by a semidefinite\nprogramme, whose dual we write down explicitly, and that it is multiplicative\nwith respect to the natural (strong) graph product.\n We explore various other properties of the new quantity, which reduces to\nLovasz' original theta in the classical case, give several applications, and\npropose to study the operator spaces associated to channels as \"non-commutative\ngraphs\", using the language of Hilbert modules.\n" }, { "id": "333430fc-d71f-44f8-84b5-a4d1a03f888d", "adv_source_id": "333430fc-d71f-44f8-84b5-a4d1a03f888d", "source_id": "333430fc-d71f-44f8-84b5-a4d1a03f888d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collective Modes in a Unitary Fermi Gas across the Superfluid Phase\n Transition", "prompt": null, "generation": " We provide a joint theoretical and experimental investigation of the\ntemperature dependence of the collective oscillations of first sound nature\nexhibited by a highly elongated harmonically trapped Fermi gas at unitarity,\nincluding the region below the critical temperature for superfluidity.\nDifferently from the lowest axial breathing mode, the hydrodynamic frequencies\nof the higher nodal excitations show a temperature dependence, which is\ncalculated starting from Landau two-fluid theory and using the available\nexperimental knowledge of the equation of state. The experimental results agree\nwith high accuracy with the predictions of theory and provide the first\nevidence for the temperature dependence of the collective frequencies near the\nsuperfluid phase transition.\n" }, { "id": "a6fef356-1aef-4ce8-b25b-dcc17aff88bd", "adv_source_id": "a6fef356-1aef-4ce8-b25b-dcc17aff88bd", "source_id": "a6fef356-1aef-4ce8-b25b-dcc17aff88bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Local Dimension: a method to quantify the Cosmic Web", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is now well accepted that the galaxies are distributed in filaments,\nsheets and clusters all of which form an interconnected network known as the\nCosmic Web. It is a big challenge to quantify the shapes of the interconnected\nstructural elements that form this network. Tools like the Minkowski\nfunctionals which use global properties, though well suited for an isolated\nobject like a single sheet or filament, are not suited for an interconnected\nnetwork of such objects. We consider the Local Dimension $D$, defined through\n$N(R)=A R^D$, where $N(R)$ is the galaxy number count within a sphere of\ncomoving radius $R$ centered on a particular galaxy, as a tool to locally\nquantify the shape in the neigbourhood of different galaxies along the Cosmic\nWeb. We expect $D \\sim 1,2$ and 3 for a galaxy located in a filament, sheet and\ncluster respectively. Using LCDM N-body simulations we find that it is possible\nto determine $D$ through a power law fit to $N(R)$ across the length-scales 2\nto $10 {\\rm Mpc}$ for $\\sim 33 %$ of the galaxies. We have visually identified\nthe filaments and sheets corresponding to many of the galaxies with $D \\sim 1$\nand 2 respectively. In several other situations the structure responsible for\nthe $D$ value could not be visually identified, either due to its being tenuous\nor due to other dominating structures in the vicinity. We also show that the\nglobal distribution of the $D$ values can be used to visualize and interpret\nhow the different structural elements are woven into the Cosmic Web.\n" }, { "id": "3a76e881-df20-4344-89d8-589453bed902", "adv_source_id": "3a76e881-df20-4344-89d8-589453bed902", "source_id": "3a76e881-df20-4344-89d8-589453bed902", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for GUT Monopoles at Super-Kamiokande", "prompt": null, "generation": " GUT monopoles captured by the Sun's gravitation are expected to catalyze\nproton decays via the Callan-Rubakov process. In this scenario, protons, which\ninitially decay into pions, will ultimately produce \\nu_{e}, \\nu_{\\mu} and\n\\bar{\\nu}_{\\mu}. After undergoing neutrino oscillation, all neutrino species\nappear when they arrive at the Earth, and can be detected by a 50,000 metric\nton water Cherenkov detector, Super-Kamiokande (SK). A search for low energy\nneutrinos in the electron total energy range from 19 to 55 MeV was carried out\nwith SK and gives a monopole flux limit of F_M(\\sigma_0/1 mb) < 6.3 \\times\n10^{-24} (\\beta_M/10^{-3})^2 cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} at 90% C.L., where \\beta_M\nis the monopole velocity in units of the speed of light and \\sigma_0 is the\ncatalysis cross section at \\beta_M=1. The obtained limit is more than eight\norders of magnitude more stringent than the current best cosmic-ray\nsupermassive monopole flux limit, F_M < 1 \\times 10^{-15} cm^{-2} s^{-1}\nsr^{-1} for \\beta_M < 10^{-3} and also two orders of magnitude lower than the\nresult of the Kamiokande experiment, which used a similar detection method.\n" }, { "id": "34d4bc69-0b5f-4956-b14d-7bdb3214a310", "adv_source_id": "34d4bc69-0b5f-4956-b14d-7bdb3214a310", "source_id": "34d4bc69-0b5f-4956-b14d-7bdb3214a310", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermionic propagators for 2D systems with singular interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the form of the fermionic propagator for 2D fermions interacting\nwith massless overdamped bosons. Examples include a nematic and Ising\nferromagnetic quantum-critical points, and fermions at a half-filled Landau\nlevel. Fermi liquid behavior in these systems is broken at criticality by a\nsingular self-energy, but the Fermi surface remains well defined. These are\nstrong-coupling problems with no expansion parameter other than the number of\nfermionic species, N. The two known limits, N >>1 and N=0 show qualitatively\ndifferent behavior of the fermionic propagator G(\\epsilon_k, \\omega). In the\nfirst limit, G(\\epsilon_k, \\omega) has a pole at some \\epsilon_k, in the other\nit is analytic. We analyze the crossover between the two limits. We show that\nthe pole survives for all N, but at small N it only exists in a range O(N^2)\nnear the mass shell. At larger distances from the mass shell, the system\nevolves and G(\\epsilon_k, \\omega) becomes regular. At N=0, the range where the\npole exists collapses and G(\\epsilon_k, \\omega) becomes regular everywhere.\n" }, { "id": "9bcdd796-dc22-4aed-a224-8c5b1aa87322", "adv_source_id": "9bcdd796-dc22-4aed-a224-8c5b1aa87322", "source_id": "9bcdd796-dc22-4aed-a224-8c5b1aa87322", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Perturbation of heliosynchronous orbits in stable Kaluza-Klein theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " Although the methods and techniques have been greatly improved since the late\nnineteenth century, the precision on the measurement of the gravitational\nconstant G does not exceed 1 part in 1000. Intrinsic variations of G caused by\nthe geomagnetic field may explain the observed dispersion of the laboratory\nmeasurements. This involves a coupling between gravitation and electromagnetism\n(hereafter GE coupling) and a dependance of the effective G constant with\nlatitude and longitude. In this paper I analyse the effects of this coupling in\nthe framework of classical space mechanics by focusing on heliosynchronous\norbits. The predictions are found inconsistent with experimental data from the\nSPOT mission.\n" }, { "id": "d62233dc-de77-4932-b607-8769de4bca09", "adv_source_id": "d62233dc-de77-4932-b607-8769de4bca09", "source_id": "d62233dc-de77-4932-b607-8769de4bca09", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evaluating the exact infinitesimal values of area of Sierpinski's carpet\n and volume of Menger's sponge", "prompt": null, "generation": " Very often traditional approaches studying dynamics of self-similarity\nprocesses are not able to give their quantitative characteristics at infinity\nand, as a consequence, use limits to overcome this difficulty. For example, it\nis well know that the limit area of Sierpinski's carpet and volume of Menger's\nsponge are equal to zero. It is shown in this paper that recently introduced\ninfinite and infinitesimal numbers allow us to use exact expressions instead of\nlimits and to calculate exact infinitesimal values of areas and volumes at\nvarious points at infinity even if the chosen moment of the observation is\ninfinitely faraway on the time axis from the starting point. It is interesting\nthat traditional results that can be obtained without the usage of infinite and\ninfinitesimal numbers can be produced just as finite approximations of the new\nones.\n" }, { "id": "942d9396-f5d0-411e-a9c3-93c98512f720", "adv_source_id": "942d9396-f5d0-411e-a9c3-93c98512f720", "source_id": "942d9396-f5d0-411e-a9c3-93c98512f720", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Actively tunable plasmonic lens for subwavelength imaging at different\n wavelengths", "prompt": null, "generation": " A type of tunable plasmonic lens with nanoslits is proposed for subwavelength\nimaging in the far field at different wavelengths. The nanoslits array in the\nplasmonic lens, which have constant depths but varying widths, could generate\ndesired optical phase retardations based on the particular propagation property\nof the Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) in the metal-dielectric-metal (MDM)\nslit waveguides. We theoretically and numerically demonstrate the tunability of\na single plasmonic lens for subwavelength imaging (full width at half maximum,\n0.37 ~0.47) by adjusting the surrounding dielectric fluid, thereby realizing\nthe compact in-plane tunable plasmonic lens. This work provides a novel\napproach for developing integrative tunable plasmonic lens for a variety of\nlab-on-chip applications.\n" }, { "id": "e236878d-5822-4d0f-a18d-09aea7553542", "adv_source_id": "e236878d-5822-4d0f-a18d-09aea7553542", "source_id": "e236878d-5822-4d0f-a18d-09aea7553542", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Origin of Low-Energy Excitations in Charge-Ordered Manganites", "prompt": null, "generation": " The low-energy excitations in the charge-ordered phase of polycrystalline\nLa0.25Ca0.75MnO3 are explored by frequency-domain terahertz spectroscopy. In\nthe frequency range from 4 cm^-1 to 700 cm^-1 (energies 0.4 meV to 90 meV) and\nat temperatures down to 5 K, we do not detect any feature that can be\nassociated with the collective response of the spatially modulated charge\ncontinuum. In the antiferromagnetically ordered phase, broad absorption bands\nappear in the conductivity and permittivity spectra around 30 cm^-1 and 100\ncm^-1 which are assigned to former acoustic phonons optically activated due to\na fourfold superstructure in the crystal lattice. Our results indicate that\ncharacteristic energies of collective excitations of the charge-ordered phase\nin La0:25Ca0:75MnO3, if any, lie below 1 meV. At our lowest frequencies of only\nfew wavenumbers a strong relaxation is observed above 100 K connected to the\nformation of the charge-ordered state.\n" }, { "id": "4dfa0e01-087b-434a-bb34-78104af5c158", "adv_source_id": "4dfa0e01-087b-434a-bb34-78104af5c158", "source_id": "4dfa0e01-087b-434a-bb34-78104af5c158", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Uniform Central Limit Theorems for Multidimensional Diffusions", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has recently been shown that there are substantial differences in the\nregularity behavior of the empirical process based on scalar diffusions as\ncompared to the classical empirical process, due to the existence of diffusion\nlocal time. Besides establishing strong parallels to classical theory such as\nOssiander's bracketing CLT and the general Gin\\'e-Zinn CLT for uniformly\nbounded families of functions, we find increased regularity also for\nmultivariate ergodic diffusions, assuming that the invariant measure is finite\nwith Lebesgue density $\\pi$. The effect is diminishing for growing dimension\nbut always present. The fine differences to the classical iid setting are\nworked out using exponential inequalities for martingales and additive\nfunctionals of continuous Markov processes as well as the characterization of\nthe sample path behavior of Gaussian processes by means of the generic chaining\nbound. To uncover the phenomenon, we study a smoothed version of the empirical\ndiffusion process. It turns out that uniform weak convergence of the smoothed\nempirical diffusion process under necessary and sufficient conditions can take\nplace with even exponentially small bandwidth in dimension $d=2$, and with\nstrongly undersmoothing bandwidth choice for parameters $\\beta > d/2$ in case\n$d\\geq 3$, assuming that the coordinates of drift and diffusion coefficient\nbelong to some H\\\"older ball with parameter $\\beta$.\n" }, { "id": "541d021f-9493-417c-8e55-eec0043e2766", "adv_source_id": "541d021f-9493-417c-8e55-eec0043e2766", "source_id": "541d021f-9493-417c-8e55-eec0043e2766", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Direct Photon Production in Proton-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus\n Collisions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Prompt photons produced in a hard reaction are not accompanied with any final\nstate interaction, either energy loss or absorption. Therefore, besides the\nCronin enhancement at medium transverse momenta pT and small isotopic\ncorrections at larger pT, one should not expect any nuclear effects. However,\ndata from PHENIX experiment exhibit a significant large-pT suppression in\ncentral d+Au and Au+Au collisions that cannot be accompanied by coherent\nphenomena. We demonstrate that such an unexpected result is subject to the\nenergy sharing problem near the kinematic limit and is universally induced by\nmultiple initial state interactions. We describe production of photons in the\ncolor dipole approach and find a good agreement with available data in p+p\ncollisions. Besides explanation of large-pT nuclear suppression at RHIC we\npresent for the first time predictions for expected nuclear effects also in the\nLHC energy range at different rapidities. We include and analyze also a\ncontribution of gluon shadowing as a leading twist shadowing correction\nmodifying nuclear effects at small and medium pT.\n" }, { "id": "009abd20-f123-455c-94e3-1f92b2d4f441", "adv_source_id": "009abd20-f123-455c-94e3-1f92b2d4f441", "source_id": "009abd20-f123-455c-94e3-1f92b2d4f441", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Steady states in a structured epidemic model with Wentzell boundary\n condition", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a nonlinear structured population model with diffusion in the\nstate space. Individuals are structured with respect to a continuous variable\nwhich represents a pathogen load. The class of uninfected individuals\nconstitutes a special compartment that carries mass, hence the model is\nequipped with generalized Wentzell (or dynamic) boundary conditions. Our model\nis intended to describe the spread of infection of a vertically transmitted\ndisease, for example Wolbachia in a mosquito population. Therefore the\n(infinite dimensional) nonlinearity arises in the recruitment term. First we\nestablish global existence of solutions and the Principle of Linearised\nStability for our model. Then, in our main result, we formulate simple\nconditions, which guarantee the existence of non-trivial steady states of the\nmodel. Our method utilizes an operator theoretic framework combined with a\nfixed point approach. Finally, in the last section we establish a sufficient\ncondition for the local asymptotic stability of the positive steady state.\n" }, { "id": "f5d9ebba-76da-4498-b83a-71a6b271b03e", "adv_source_id": "f5d9ebba-76da-4498-b83a-71a6b271b03e", "source_id": "f5d9ebba-76da-4498-b83a-71a6b271b03e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-perturbative renormalization of the static vector current and its\n O(a)-improvement in quenched QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " We carry out the renormalization and the Symanzik O(a)-improvement programme\nfor the static vector current in quenched lattice QCD. The scale independent\nratio of the renormalization constants of the static vector and axial currents\nis obtained non-perturbatively from an axial Ward identity with Wilson-type\nlight quarks and various lattice discretizations of the static action. The\nimprovement coefficients cVstat and bVstat are obtained up to O(g_0^4)-terms by\nenforcing improvement conditions respectively on the axial Ward identity and a\nthree-point correlator of the static vector current. A comparison between the\nnon-perturbative estimates and the corresponding one-loop results shows a\nnon-negligible effect of the O(g_0^4)-terms on the improvement coefficients but\na good accuracy of the perturbative description of the ratio of the\nrenormalization constants.\n" }, { "id": "1715673f-e836-475b-b5c6-edced2c8f517", "adv_source_id": "1715673f-e836-475b-b5c6-edced2c8f517", "source_id": "1715673f-e836-475b-b5c6-edced2c8f517", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orientability of linear Weingarten surfaces, spacelike CMC-1 surfaces\n and maximal surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove several topological properties of linear Weingarten surfaces of\nBryant type, as wave fronts in hyperbolic 3-space. For example, we show the\norientability of such surfaces, and also co-orientability when they are not\nflat. Moreover, we show an explicit formula of the non-holomorphic hyperbolic\nGauss map via another hyperbolic Gauss map which is holomorphic. Using this, we\nshow the orientability and co-orientability of CMC-1 faces (i.e., constant mean\ncurvature one surfaces with admissible singular points) in de Sitter 3-space.\n(CMC-1 faces might not be wave fronts in general, but belong to a class of\nlinear Weingarten surfaces with singular points.) Since both linear Weingarten\nfronts and CMC-1 faces may have singular points, orientability and\nco-orientability are both nontrivial properties. We also remark on some\nproperties of non-orientable maximal surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space,\ncomparing the corresponding properties of CMC-1 faces in de Sitter 3-space.\n" }, { "id": "0e0e4888-2519-4a7f-96d3-6dcbbeb0bd41", "adv_source_id": "0e0e4888-2519-4a7f-96d3-6dcbbeb0bd41", "source_id": "0e0e4888-2519-4a7f-96d3-6dcbbeb0bd41", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Luminosity-Colours relations for thin disc main-sequence stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this study we present the absolute magnitude calibrations of thin disc\nmain-sequence stars in the optical ($M_{V}$), and in the near-infrared\n($M_{J}$). Thin disc stars are identified by means of Padova isochrones, and\nabsolute magnitudes for the sample are evaluated via the newly reduced\nHipparcos data. The obtained calibrations cover a large range of spectral\ntypes: from A0 to M4 in the optical and from A0 to M0 in the near-infrared.\nAlso, we discuss the of effects binary stars and evolved stars on the absolute\nmagnitude calibrations. The usage of these calibrations can be extended to the\nestimation of galactic model parameters for the thin disc individually, in\norder to compare these parameters with the corresponding ones estimated by\n$\\chi{^2}_{min}$ statistics (which provides galactic model parameters for thin\nand thick discs, and halo simultaneously) to test any degeneracy between them.\nThe calibrations can also be used in other astrophysical researches where\ndistance plays an important role in that study.\n" }, { "id": "83ef9287-618d-48a3-815d-a937ab88b27f", "adv_source_id": "83ef9287-618d-48a3-815d-a937ab88b27f", "source_id": "83ef9287-618d-48a3-815d-a937ab88b27f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On l-adic representations for a space of noncongruence cuspforms", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is concerned with a compatible family of 4-dimensional \\ell-adic\nrepresentations \\rho_{\\ell} of G_\\Q:=\\Gal(\\bar \\Q/\\Q) attached to the space of\nweight 3 cuspforms S_3 (\\Gamma) on a noncongruence subgroup \\Gamma \\subset \\SL.\nFor this representation we prove that: 1.)It is automorphic: the L-function\nL(s, \\rho_{\\ell}^{\\vee}) agrees with the L-function for an automorphic form for\n\\text{GL}_4(\\mathbb A_{\\Q}), where \\rho_{\\ell}^{\\vee} is the dual of\n\\rho_{\\ell}. 2.) For each prime p \\ge 5 there is a basis h_p = \\{h_p ^+, h_p ^-\n\\} of S_3 (\\Gamma) whose expansion coefficients satisfy 3-term Atkin and\nSwinnerton-Dyer (ASD) relations, relative to the q-expansion coefficients of a\nnewform f of level 432. The structure of this basis depends on the class of p\nmodulo 12. The key point is that the representation $\\rho_{\\ell}$ admits a\nquaternion multiplication structure in the sense of a recent work of Atkin, Li,\nLiu and Long.\n" }, { "id": "46d38316-a2db-4846-8f94-cea59f8792fe", "adv_source_id": "46d38316-a2db-4846-8f94-cea59f8792fe", "source_id": "46d38316-a2db-4846-8f94-cea59f8792fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Shift in critical temperature for random spatial permutations with cycle\n weights", "prompt": null, "generation": " We examine a phase transition in a model of random spatial permutations which\noriginates in a study of the interacting Bose gas. Permutations are weighted\naccording to point positions; the low-temperature onset of the appearance of\narbitrarily long cycles is connected to the phase transition of Bose-Einstein\ncondensates. In our simplified model, point positions are held fixed on the\nfully occupied cubic lattice and interactions are expressed as Ewens-type\nweights on cycle lengths of permutations. The critical temperature of the\ntransition to long cycles depends on an interaction-strength parameter\n$\\alpha$. For weak interactions, the shift in critical temperature is expected\nto be linear in $\\alpha$ with constant of linearity $c$. Using Markov chain\nMonte Carlo methods and finite-size scaling, we find $c = 0.618 \\pm 0.086$.\nThis finding matches a similar analytical result of Ueltschi and Betz. We also\nexamine the mean longest cycle length as a fraction of the number of sites in\nlong cycles, recovering an earlier result of Shepp and Lloyd for non-spatial\npermutations.\n" }, { "id": "b1906670-e488-4654-82cf-29f6162e9b14", "adv_source_id": "b1906670-e488-4654-82cf-29f6162e9b14", "source_id": "b1906670-e488-4654-82cf-29f6162e9b14", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Characteristics of Real Futures Trading Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Futures trading is the core of futures business, and it is considered as one\nof the typical complex systems. To investigate the complexity of futures\ntrading, we employ the analytical method of complex networks. First, we use\nreal trading records from the Shanghai Futures Exchange to construct futures\ntrading networks, in which nodes are trading participants, and two nodes have a\ncommon edge if the two corresponding investors appear simultaneously in at\nleast one trading record as a purchaser and a seller respectively. Then, we\nconduct a comprehensive statistical analysis on the constructed futures trading\nnetworks. Empirical results show that the futures trading networks exhibit\nfeatures such as scale-free behavior with interesting odd-even-degree\ndivergence in low-degree regions, small-world effect, hierarchical\norganization, power-law betweenness distribution, disassortative mixing, and\nshrinkage of both the average path length and the diameter as network size\nincreases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that uses real\ndata to study futures trading networks, and we argue that the research results\ncan shed light on the nature of real futures business.\n" }, { "id": "4a3035c0-3fa5-4a46-99e7-1ec15b3d537b", "adv_source_id": "4a3035c0-3fa5-4a46-99e7-1ec15b3d537b", "source_id": "4a3035c0-3fa5-4a46-99e7-1ec15b3d537b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of CP Asymmetries and Branching Fractions in Charmless\n Two-Body B-Meson Decays to Pions and Kaons", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present improved measurements of CP-violation parameters in the decays\n$B^0 \\to \\pi^+ \\pi^-$, $B^0 \\to K^+ \\pi^-$, and $B^0 \\to \\pi^0 \\pi^0$, and of\nthe branching fractions for $B^0 \\to \\pi^0 \\pi^0$ and $B^0 \\to K^0 \\pi^0$. The\nresults are obtained with the full data set collected at the $\\Upsilon(4S)$\nresonance by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$ factory\nat the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, corresponding to $467 \\pm 5$\nmillion $B\\bar B$ pairs. We find the CP-violation parameter values and\nbranching fractions $ S_{\\pi^+\\pi^-} = -0.68 \\pm 0.10 \\pm 0.03, C_{\\pi^+\\pi^-}\n= -0.25 \\pm 0.08 \\pm 0.02, A_{K^-\\pi^+} = -0.107 \\pm 0.016 ^{+0.006}_{-0.004},\nC_{\\pi^0\\pi^0} = -0.43 \\pm 0.26 \\pm 0.05, Br(B^0 \\to \\pi^0 \\pi^0) = (1.83 \\pm\n0.21 \\pm 0.13) \\times 10^{-6}, Br(B^0 \\to K^0 \\pi^0) = (10.1 \\pm 0.6 \\pm 0.4)\n\\times 10^{-6},$ where in each case, the first uncertainties are statistical\nand the second are systematic. We observe CP violation with a significance of\n6.7 standard deviations for $B^0 \\to\\pi^+\\pi^-$ and 6.1 standard deviations for\n$B^0 \\to K^+ \\pi^-$, including systematic uncertainties. Constraints on the\nUnitarity Triangle angle $\\alpha$ are determined from the isospin relations\namong the $B \\to \\pi\\pi$ rates and asymmetries. Considering only the solution\npreferred by the Standard Model, we find $\\alpha$ to be in the range\n$[71^\\circ,109^\\circ]$ at the 68% confidence level.\n" }, { "id": "8b46997e-6770-4d17-8933-d3ebaedefda5", "adv_source_id": "8b46997e-6770-4d17-8933-d3ebaedefda5", "source_id": "8b46997e-6770-4d17-8933-d3ebaedefda5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new approach to quantitative propagation of chaos for drift, diffusion\n and jump processes", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is devoted the the study of the mean field limit for many-particle\nsystems undergoing jump, drift or diffusion processes, as well as combinations\nof them. The main results are quantitative estimates on the decay of\nfluctuations around the deterministic limit and of correlations between\nparticles, as the number of particles goes to infinity. To this end we\nintroduce a general functional framework which reduces this question to the one\nof proving a purely functional estimate on some abstract generator operators\n(consistency estimate) together with fine stability estimates on the flow of\nthe limiting nonlinear equation (stability estimates). Then we apply this\nmethod to a Boltzmann collision jump process (for Maxwell molecules), to a\nMcKean-Vlasov drift-diffusion process and to an inelastic Boltzmann collision\njump process with (stochastic) thermal bath. To our knowledge, our approach\nyields the first such quantitative results for a combination of jump and\ndiffusion processes.\n" }, { "id": "20da130b-2c02-422e-8c4b-be351e6de3eb", "adv_source_id": "20da130b-2c02-422e-8c4b-be351e6de3eb", "source_id": "20da130b-2c02-422e-8c4b-be351e6de3eb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-intersecting squared Bessel paths with one positive starting and\n ending point", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a model of $n$ non-intersecting squared Bessel processes with one\nstarting point $a>0$ at time t=0 and one ending point $b>0$ at time $t=T$.\nAfter proper scaling, the paths fill out a region in the $tx$-plane. Depending\non the value of the product $ab$ the region may come to the hard edge at 0, or\nnot. We formulate a vector equilibrium problem for this model, which is defined\nfor three measures, with upper constraints on the first and third measures and\nan external field on the second measure. It is shown that the limiting mean\ndistribution of the paths at time $t$ is given by the second component of the\nvector that minimizes this vector equilibrium problem. The proof is based on a\nsteepest descent analysis for a $4 \\times 4$ matrix valued Riemann-Hilbert\nproblem which characterizes the correlation kernel of the paths at time $t$. We\nalso discuss the precise locations of the phase transitions.\n" }, { "id": "4a7a84de-9b1a-4548-ad52-26c24f4228bf", "adv_source_id": "4a7a84de-9b1a-4548-ad52-26c24f4228bf", "source_id": "4a7a84de-9b1a-4548-ad52-26c24f4228bf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Acceleration of colliding shells around a black hole: Validity of the\n test particle approximation in the Banados-Silk-West process", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, Banados, Silk and West (BSW) showed that the total energy of two\ncolliding test particles has no upper limit in their center of mass frame in\nthe neighborhood of an extreme Kerr black hole, even if these particles were at\nrest at infinity in the infinite past. We call this mechanism the BSW mechanism\nor BSW process. The large energy of such particles would generate strong\ngravity, although this has not been taken into account in the BSW analysis. A\nsimilar mechanism is seen in the collision of two spherical test shells in the\nneighborhood of an extreme Reissner-Nordstr\\\"om black hole. In this paper, in\norder to draw some implications concerning the effects of gravity generated by\ncolliding particles in the BSW process, we study a collision of two spherical\ndust shells, since their gravity can be exactly treated. We show that the\nenergy of two colliding shells in the center of mass frame observable from\ninfinity has an upper limit due to their own gravity. Our result suggests that\nan upper limit also exists for the total energy of colliding particles in the\ncenter of mass frame in the observable domain in the BSW process due the\ngravity of the particles.\n" }, { "id": "a17b2e5a-3c79-4046-92e0-b506fcd9fbd0", "adv_source_id": "a17b2e5a-3c79-4046-92e0-b506fcd9fbd0", "source_id": "a17b2e5a-3c79-4046-92e0-b506fcd9fbd0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Applications of the potential algebras of the two-dimensional Dirac-like\n operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " Potential algebras can be used effectively in the analysis of the quantum\nsystems. In the article, we focus on the systems described by a separable, 2x2\nmatrix Hamiltonian of the first order in derivatives. We find integrals of\nmotion of the Hamiltonian that close centrally extended so(3), so(2,1) or\noscillator algebra. The algebraic framework is used in construction of\nphysically interesting solvable models described by (2+1) dimensional Dirac\nequation. It is applied in description of open-cage fullerenes where the\nenergies and wave functions of low-energy charge-carriers are computed. The\npotential algebras are also used in construction of shape-invariant,\none-dimensional Dirac operators. We show that shape-invariance of the\nfirst-order operators is associated with the N=4 nonlinear supersymmetry which\nis represented by both local and nonlocal supercharges. The relation to the\nshape-invariant non-relativistic systems is discussed as well.\n" }, { "id": "ab50f964-630f-4279-afaa-8f3f8496c98a", "adv_source_id": "ab50f964-630f-4279-afaa-8f3f8496c98a", "source_id": "ab50f964-630f-4279-afaa-8f3f8496c98a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "IR Divergences in Inflation and Entropy Perturbations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study leading order perturbative corrections to the two point correlation\nfunction of the scalar field describing the curvature perturbation in a\nslow-roll inflationary background, paying particular attention to the\ncontribution of entropy mode loops. We find that the infrared divergences are\nworse than in pure de Sitter space: they are power law rather than logarithmic.\nThe validity of perturbation theory and thus of the effective field theory of\ncosmological perturbations leads to stringent constraints on the coupling\nconstants describing the interactions, in our model the quartic\nself-interaction coupling constant of the entropy field. If the self coupling\nconstant is larger than some critical value which depends in particular on the\nduration of the inflationary phase, then perturbation theory breaks down. Our\nanalysis may have implications for the stability of de Sitter space: the\nquantum effects which lead to an instability of de Sitter space will be larger\nin magnitude in the presence of entropy fluctuations.\n" }, { "id": "16c5279a-806f-4f8c-9fe9-3b6e654e1a48", "adv_source_id": "16c5279a-806f-4f8c-9fe9-3b6e654e1a48", "source_id": "16c5279a-806f-4f8c-9fe9-3b6e654e1a48", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Capillary Bridge Formation and Breakage: A Test to Characterize\n Antiadhesive Surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " In order to characterize very weak adhesive surfaces, we have developed a\nquantitative test inspired by the Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts adhesion test\nfor soft adhesives, which relies on the formation and then the rupture of a\ncapillary bridge between the surface to be tested and a liquid bath. Both the\nshape and the kinetics of breakage of the capillary bridge for various coatings\nput into contact with liquids of various viscosities and surface tensions have\nbeen studied. Several pull off regimes can be distinguished. For low pull off\nvelocities, a quasi-static regime is observed, well described by capillary\nequations and sensitive to the hysteresis of the contact angle of the fluid on\nthe coating. Above a critical pull off velocity that depends on the fluid\nviscosity, a dynamic regime is observed, characterized by the formation of a\nflat pancake of fluid on the coating that recedes more slowly than the\ncapillary bridge itself. After the breakage of the capillary bridge, a small\ndrop can remain attached to the surface. The volume of this drop depends on the\ndynamical regime and is strongly affected by very small differences between the\ncoatings. The aptitude of this test in characterizing very weakly adhesive\nsurfaces is exemplified by a comparison between three different perfluorinated\ncoatings.\n" }, { "id": "b9314392-379c-4273-a6a9-fac8149e0ce9", "adv_source_id": "b9314392-379c-4273-a6a9-fac8149e0ce9", "source_id": "b9314392-379c-4273-a6a9-fac8149e0ce9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "M2-branes Theories without 3+1 Dimensional Parents via Un-Higgsing", "prompt": null, "generation": " N=2 quiver Chern-Simons theory has lately attracted attention as the world\nvolume theory of multiple M2 branes on a Calabi-Yau 4-fold. We study the\nconnection between the stringy derivation of M2 brane theories and the forward\nalgorithm which gives the toric Calabi-Yau 4-fold as the moduli space of the\nquiver theory. Then the existence of the 3+1 dimensional parent, which is the\nconsistent 3+1 dimensional superconformal theory with the same quiver diagram,\nis crucial for stringy derivation of M2 brane theories. We also investigate the\nconstruction of M2 brane theories that do not have 3+1 dimensional parents. The\nun-Higgsing procedure plays a key role to construct these M2 brane theories. We\nfind some N=2 quiver Chern-Simons theories which correspond to interesting\nCalabi-Yau singularities.\n" }, { "id": "1e9cd701-5da4-4752-b913-2842d5904e9c", "adv_source_id": "1e9cd701-5da4-4752-b913-2842d5904e9c", "source_id": "1e9cd701-5da4-4752-b913-2842d5904e9c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Direct evidence of dust growth in L183 from MIR light scattering", "prompt": null, "generation": " Theoretical arguments suggest that dust grains should grow in the dense cold\nparts of molecular clouds. Evidence of larger grains has so far been gathered\nin near/mid infrared extinction and millimeter observations. Interpreting the\ndata is, however, aggravated by the complex interplay of density and dust\nproperties (as well as temperature for thermal emission). We present new\nSpitzer data of L183 in bands that are sensitive and insensitive to PAHs. The\nvisual extinction AV map derived in a former paper was fitted by a series of 3D\nGaussian distributions. For different dust models, we calculate the scattered\nMIR radiation images of structures that agree agree with the AV map and compare\nthem to the Spitzer data. The Spitzer data of L183 show emission in the 3.6 and\n4.5 micron bands, while the 5.8 micron band shows slight absorption. The\nemission layer of stochastically heated particles should coincide with the\nlayer of strongest scattering of optical interstellar radiation, which is seen\nas an outer surface on I band images different from the emission region seen in\nthe Spitzer images. Moreover, PAH emission is expected to strongly increase\nfrom 4.5 to 5.8 micron, which is not seen. Hence, we interpret this emission to\nbe MIR cloudshine. Scattered light modeling when assuming interstellar medium\ndust grains without growth does not reproduce flux measurable by Spitzer. In\ncontrast, models with grains growing with density yield images with a flux and\npattern comparable to the Spitzer images in the bands 3.6, 4.5, and 8.0 micron.\n" }, { "id": "044bbe13-6d44-4829-9e1a-4eae170191cb", "adv_source_id": "044bbe13-6d44-4829-9e1a-4eae170191cb", "source_id": "044bbe13-6d44-4829-9e1a-4eae170191cb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal Bacon-Shor codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the performance of Bacon-Shor codes, quantum subsystem codes which\nare well suited for applications to fault-tolerant quantum memory because the\nerror syndrome can be extracted by performing two-qubit measurements. Assuming\nindependent noise, we find the optimal block size in terms of the bit-flip\nerror probability p_X and the phase error probability p_Z, and determine how\nthe probability of a logical error depends on p_X and p_Z. We show that a\nsingle Bacon-Shor code block, used by itself without concatenation, can provide\nvery effective protection against logical errors if the noise is highly biased\n(p_Z / p_X >> 1) and the physical error rate p_Z is a few percent or below. We\nalso derive an upper bound on the logical error rate for the case where the\nsyndrome data is noisy.\n" }, { "id": "d62d5a12-f1ca-40ca-aa12-2cd6ca17548e", "adv_source_id": "d62d5a12-f1ca-40ca-aa12-2cd6ca17548e", "source_id": "d62d5a12-f1ca-40ca-aa12-2cd6ca17548e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evaluating Default Priors with a Generalization of Eaton's Markov Chain", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider evaluating improper priors in a formal Bayes setting according to\nthe consequences of their use. Let $\\Phi$ be a class of functions on the\nparameter space and consider estimating elements of $\\Phi$ under quadratic\nloss. If the formal Bayes estimator of every function in $\\Phi$ is admissible,\nthen the prior is strongly admissible with respect to $\\Phi$. Eaton's method\nfor establishing strong admissibility is based on studying the stability\nproperties of a particular Markov chain associated with the inferential\nsetting. In previous work, this was handled differently depending upon whether\n$\\phi \\in \\Phi$ was bounded or unbounded. We introduce and study a new Markov\nchain which allows us to unify and generalize existing approaches while\nsimultaneously broadening the scope of their potential applicability. To\nillustrate the method, we establish strong admissibility conditions when the\nmodel is a $p$-dimensional multivariate normal distribution with unknown mean\nvector $\\theta$ and the prior is of the form $\\nu(\\|\\theta\\|^{2})d\\theta$.\n" }, { "id": "48833360-f2f4-4ce2-9c40-6eed3936a45c", "adv_source_id": "48833360-f2f4-4ce2-9c40-6eed3936a45c", "source_id": "48833360-f2f4-4ce2-9c40-6eed3936a45c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evolution and development of Brain Networks: From Caenorhabditis elegans\n to Homo sapiens", "prompt": null, "generation": " Neural networks show a progressive increase in complexity during the time\ncourse of evolution. From diffuse nerve nets in Cnidaria to modular,\nhierarchical systems in macaque and humans, there is a gradual shift from\nsimple processes involving a limited amount of tasks and modalities to complex\nfunctional and behavioral processing integrating different kinds of information\nfrom highly specialized tissue. However, studies in a range of species suggest\nthat fundamental similarities, in spatial and topological features as well as\nin developmental mechanisms for network formation, are retained across\nevolution. 'Small-world' topology and highly connected regions (hubs) are\nprevalent across the evolutionary scale, ensuring efficient processing and\nresilience to internal (e.g. lesions) and external (e.g. environment) changes.\nFurthermore, in most species, even the establishment of hubs, long-range\nconnections linking distant components, and a modular organization, relies on\nsimilar mechanisms. In conclusion, evolutionary divergence leads to greater\ncomplexity while following essential developmental constraints.\n" }, { "id": "472dc9bd-c42a-46b4-a3c4-ec4587fdb472", "adv_source_id": "472dc9bd-c42a-46b4-a3c4-ec4587fdb472", "source_id": "472dc9bd-c42a-46b4-a3c4-ec4587fdb472", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) will significantly augment the science\nreturn from the Fermi Observatory in the study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The\nprimary objective of GBM is to extend the energy range over which bursts are\nobserved downward from the energy range of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on\nFermi into the hard X-ray range where extensive previous data exist. A\nsecondary objective is to compute burst locations on-board to allow\nre-orientiong the spacecraft so that the LAT can observe delayed emission from\nbright bursts. GBM uses an array of twelve sodium iodide scintillators and two\nbismuth germanate scintillators to detect gamma rays from ~8 keV to ~40 MeV\nover the full unocculted sky. The on-board trigger threshold is ~0.7\nphotons/cm2/s (50-300 keV, 1 s peak). GBM generates on-board triggers for ~250\nGRBs per year.\n" }, { "id": "8bcee367-b27b-4a91-b5af-4a904a54b719", "adv_source_id": "8bcee367-b27b-4a91-b5af-4a904a54b719", "source_id": "8bcee367-b27b-4a91-b5af-4a904a54b719", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "V1647 ORIONIS: Keck/Nirspec 2 MICRON Echelle Observations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present new Keck II NIRSPEC high-spectral resolution 2 um echelle\nobservations of the young eruptive variable star V1647 Orionis. This star went\ninto outburst in late 2003 and faded to its pre-outburst brightness after\napproximately 26 months. V1647 Orionis is the illuminating star of McNeil's\nNebula and is located near M 78 in the Lynds 1630 dark cloud. Our spectra have\na resolving power of approximately 18,000 and allow us to study in detail the\nweak absorption features present on the strong near-IR veiled continuum. An\nanalysis of the echelle orders containing Mg I (2.1066 um) and Al I (2.1099\num), Br-gamma (2.1661 um), the Na I doublet (2.206 and 2.209 um), and the CO\novertone bandhead (2.2935 um) gives us considerable information on the physical\nand geometric characteristics of the regions producing these spectral features.\nWe find that, at high-spectral resolution, V1647 Orionis in quiescence\nresembles a significant number of FU Orionis type eruptive variables and does\nnot appear similar to the quiescent EX Lupi variables observed. This\ncorrespondence is discussed and implications for the evolutionary state of the\nstar are considered.\n" }, { "id": "5a13c429-cebb-4e40-a8bb-12d9bba14790", "adv_source_id": "5a13c429-cebb-4e40-a8bb-12d9bba14790", "source_id": "5a13c429-cebb-4e40-a8bb-12d9bba14790", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of Radio Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media (The Eikonal Method)", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia has been involved since\nits foundation in the forecast of the conditions in which a radio link that\nmakes use of propagation by means of ionospheric wave takes place. In the last\ntimes it gained interest also the precise forecast of the trajectory covered by\na radio wave propagating into the atmosphere, specifically into the ionosphere,\nwhich can be considered, at first approximation, as an inhomogeneous medium,\ndefined by a refraction index slowly varying in time. This work describes the\ntheoretical bases to study a trajectory; they substantially make use of the\nmethods of the geometrical optics. Such theoretical bases find applications in\nnumerical methods to calculate the trajectories, as quoted in references\n[Bianchi, 2009].\n" }, { "id": "74be0c51-0c58-4f10-9cff-46c87df96fa3", "adv_source_id": "74be0c51-0c58-4f10-9cff-46c87df96fa3", "source_id": "74be0c51-0c58-4f10-9cff-46c87df96fa3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Relative Density of the Random $r$-Factor Proximity Catch Digraph for\n Testing Spatial Patterns of Segregation and Association", "prompt": null, "generation": " Statistical pattern classification methods based on data-random graphs were\nintroduced recently. In this approach, a random directed graph is constructed\nfrom the data using the relative positions of the data points from various\nclasses. Different random graphs result from different definitions of the\nproximity region associated with each data point and different graph statistics\ncan be employed for data reduction. The approach used in this article is based\non a parameterized family of proximity maps determining an associated family of\ndata-random digraphs. The relative arc density of the digraph is used as the\nsummary statistic, providing an alternative to the domination number employed\npreviously. An important advantage of the relative arc density is that,\nproperly re-scaled, it is a $U$-statistic, facilitating analytic study of its\nasymptotic distribution using standard $U$-statistic central limit theory. The\napproach is illustrated with an application to the testing of spatial patterns\nof segregation and association. Knowledge of the asymptotic distribution allows\nevaluation of the Pitman and Hodges-Lehmann asymptotic efficacies, and\nselection of the proximity map parameter to optimize efficiency. Furthermore\nthe approach presented here also has the advantage of validity for data in any\ndimension.\n" }, { "id": "ebc80af1-9f6b-4fe4-b54b-1df19e5e93b8", "adv_source_id": "ebc80af1-9f6b-4fe4-b54b-1df19e5e93b8", "source_id": "ebc80af1-9f6b-4fe4-b54b-1df19e5e93b8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Painleve-Gullstrand Coordinates for the Kerr Solution", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct a coordinate system for the Kerr solution, based on the zero\nangular momentum observers dropped from infinity, which generalizes the\nPainleve-Gullstrand coordinate system for the Schwarzschild solution. The Kerr\nmetric can then be interpreted as describing space flowing on a (curved)\nRiemannian 3-manifold. The stationary limit arises as the set of points on this\nmanifold where the speed of the flow equals the speed of light, and the\nhorizons as the set of points where the radial speed equals the speed of light.\nA deeper analysis of what is meant by the flow of space reveals that the\nacceleration of free-falling objects is generally not in the direction of this\nflow. Finally, we compare the new coordinate system with the closely related\nDoran coordinate system.\n" }, { "id": "7cc51a66-5811-48ae-be06-2cab125f3607", "adv_source_id": "7cc51a66-5811-48ae-be06-2cab125f3607", "source_id": "7cc51a66-5811-48ae-be06-2cab125f3607", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Viscous boundary layers in hyperbolic-parabolic systems with Neumann\n boundary conditions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We initiate the study of noncharacteristic boundary layers in\nhyperbolic-parabolic problems with Neumann boundary conditions. More generally,\nwe study boundary layers with mixed Dirichlet--Neumann boundary conditions\nwhere the number of Dirichlet conditions is fewer than the number of hyperbolic\ncharacteristic modes entering the domain, that is, the number of boundary\nconditions needed to specify an outer hyperbolic solution. We have shown\npreviously that this situation prevents the usual WKB approximation involving\nan outer solution with pure Dirichlet conditions. It also rules out the usual\nmaximal estimates for the linearization of the hyperbolic-parabolic problem\nabout the boundary layer.\n Here we show that for linear, constant-coefficient, hyperbolic-parabolic\nproblems one obtains a reduced hyperbolic problem satisfying Neumann or mixed\nDirichlet--Neumann rather than Dirichlet boundary conditions. When this\nhyperbolic problem can be solved, a unique formal boundary-layer expansion can\nbe constructed. In the extreme case of pure Neumann conditions and totally\nincoming characteristics, we carry out a full analysis of the quasilinear case,\nobtaining a boundary-layer approximation to all orders with a rigorous error\nanalysis. As a corollary we characterize the small viscosity limit for this\nproblem. The analysis shows that although the associated linearized hyperbolic\nand hyperbolic--parabolic problems do not satisfy the usual maximal estimates\nfor Dirichlet conditions, they do satisfy analogous versions with losses.\n" }, { "id": "ab2582b8-1c96-487b-8d4d-0e529215125e", "adv_source_id": "ab2582b8-1c96-487b-8d4d-0e529215125e", "source_id": "ab2582b8-1c96-487b-8d4d-0e529215125e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Using the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury Formula to Solve the System of\n Linear Equations from the Standard Multiple Shooting Method for a Linear Two\n Point Boundary-Value Problem is a Bad Idea", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use the standard multiple shooting method to solve a linear two point\nboundary-value problem. To ensure that the solution obtained by combining the\npartial solutions is continuous and satisfies the boundary conditions, we have\nto solve a system of linear equations. Our idea is to first solve a bidiagonal\nsystem related to the original system of linear equations, and then update it\nwith the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula. We study the feasibility, the\nnumerical stability and the running time of this method. The results are: The\nmethod described above has the same stability problems like the well known\nCondensing method. The running time analysis shows that the new method is\nslower than the Condensing method. Therefore we recommend not to use the method\ndescribed in this article.\n" }, { "id": "ac553366-30da-4536-a999-ed99acab561c", "adv_source_id": "ac553366-30da-4536-a999-ed99acab561c", "source_id": "ac553366-30da-4536-a999-ed99acab561c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Refined Cigar and Omega-deformed Conifold", "prompt": null, "generation": " Antoniadis et al proposed a relation between the Omega-deformation and\nrefined correlation functions of the topological string theory. We investigate\nthe proposal for the deformed conifold geometry from a non-compact Gepner model\napproach. The topological string theory on the deformed conifold has a dual\ndescription in terms of the c=1 non-critical string theory at the self-dual\nradius, and the Omega-deformation yields the radius deformation. We show that\nthe refined correlation functions computed from the twisted SL(2,R)/U(1)\nKazama-Suzuki coset model at level k=1 have direct c=1 non-critical string\ntheory interpretations. After subtracting the leading singularity to procure\nthe 1PI effective action, we obtain the agreement with the proposal.\n" }, { "id": "a1720857-f8e7-41ab-95ac-ea7d7becb12a", "adv_source_id": "a1720857-f8e7-41ab-95ac-ea7d7becb12a", "source_id": "a1720857-f8e7-41ab-95ac-ea7d7becb12a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin Transfer from the point of view of the ferromagnetic degrees of\n freedom", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spintronics is the generic term that describes magnetic systems coupled to an\nelectric generator, taking into account the spin attached to the charge\ncarriers. For this topical review of {\\it Spin Caloritronics}, we focus our\nattention on the study of {\\it irreversible processes} occuring in spintronic\ndevices, that involve both the spins of the conduction electrons and the\nferromagnetic degrees of freedom. The aim of this report is to clarify the\nnature of the different kinds of power dissipated in metallic ferromagnets\ncontacted to an electric generator, and to exploit it in the framework of the\ntheory of mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The expression of the\ninternal power (i.e. the internal entropy production multiplied by the\ntemperature) dissipated by a generic system connected to different reservoirs,\nallows the corresponding kinetic equations to be derived with the introduction\nof the relevant phenomenological kinetic coefficients. After derivation of the\nkinetic equations for the ferromagnetic degrees of freedom (i.e. the\nLandau-Lifshitz equation) and the derivation of the kinetic equations for the\nspin-accumulation effects (within a two channel model), the kinetic equations\ndescribing spin-transfer are obtained. Both spin-dependent relaxation (usual\nspin-accumulation) and spin-precession in quasi-ballistic regime (transverse\nspin-accumulation) are taken into account. The generalization of the\nLandau-Lifshitz equation to spin-accumulation is then performed with the\nintroduction of two potential energy terms, that are experimentally accessible.\n" }, { "id": "4ac1d256-5350-4418-bcac-f092820b4e94", "adv_source_id": "4ac1d256-5350-4418-bcac-f092820b4e94", "source_id": "4ac1d256-5350-4418-bcac-f092820b4e94", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Penalized maximum likelihood estimation and effective dimension", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper extends some prominent statistical results including \\emph{Fisher\nTheorem and Wilks phenomenon} to the penalized maximum likelihood estimation\nwith a quadratic penalization. It appears that sharp expansions for the\npenalized MLE \\(\\tilde{\\thetav}_{G} \\) and for the penalized maximum likelihood\ncan be obtained without involving any asymptotic arguments, the results only\nrely on smoothness and regularity properties of the of the considered\nlog-likelihood function. The error of estimation is specified in terms of the\neffective dimension \\(p_G \\) of the parameter set which can be much smaller\nthan the true parameter dimension and even allows an infinite dimensional\nfunctional parameter. In the i.i.d. case, the Fisher expansion for the\npenalized MLE can be established under the constraint \"\\(p_G^{2}/n\\) is small\"\nwhile the remainder in the Wilks result is of order \\(p_G^{3}/n \\).\n" }, { "id": "2385513c-ce82-47ed-9ea9-db6058179a7a", "adv_source_id": "2385513c-ce82-47ed-9ea9-db6058179a7a", "source_id": "2385513c-ce82-47ed-9ea9-db6058179a7a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Vortex phase diagram and temperature-dependent second-peak effect in\n overdoped Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CuO$_{6 + \\delta}$ crystals", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the vortex phase diagram of the single-layer Bi2Sr2CuO6+d (Bi2201)\nsuperconductor by means of bulk magnetization measurements on high-quality\noxygen-overdoped crystals. In striking contrast with the results found in the\nmoderately-doped two and three-layer Bi-based cuprates, Bi2201 exhibits a\nstrong temperature-dependent second-peak effect. By means of measurements of\nthe in and out-of-plane first-penetration field we provide direct evidence that\nthis phenomenon is mainly associated to an increase of the electromagnetic\nanisotropy on warming. The effect of oxygen-doping d on the vortex phase\ndiagram results in both the irreversibility and second-peak lines shifting to\nhigher temperatures and fields. This enhanced stability of the Bragg glass\nphase suggests that the interlayer coupling between Cu-O layers increases with\nd. In addition, we found that the critical temperature follows the parabolic\nrelation with the number of holes per Cu-O plane that holds for most single and\ntwo-layer cuprates.\n" }, { "id": "3bfd73e4-1bd1-41ce-a42e-2945cc9953df", "adv_source_id": "3bfd73e4-1bd1-41ce-a42e-2945cc9953df", "source_id": "3bfd73e4-1bd1-41ce-a42e-2945cc9953df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Revisiting the thermodynamics of hardening plasticity for unsaturated\n soils", "prompt": null, "generation": " A thermodynamically consistent extension of the constitutive equations of\nsaturated soils to unsaturated conditions is often worked out through the use a\nunique 'effective' interstitial pressure, accounting equivalently for the\npressures of the saturating fluids acting separately on the internal solid\nwalls of the pore network. The natural candidate for this effective\ninterstitial pressure is the space averaged interstitial pressure. In contrast\nexperimental observations have revealed that, at least, a pair of stress state\nvariables was needed for a suitable framework to describe\nstress-strain-strength behaviour of unsaturated soils. The thermodynamics\nanalysis presented here shows that the most general approach to the behaviour\nof unsaturated soils actually requires three stress state variables: the\nsuction, which is required to describe the invasion of the soil by the liquid\nwater phase through the retention curve; two effective stresses, which are\nrequired to describe the soil deformation at water saturation held constant.\nHowever a simple assumption related to the plastic flow rule leads to the final\nneed of only a Bishop-like effective stress to formulate the stress-strain\nconstitutive equation describing the soil deformation, while the retention\nproperties still involve the suction and possibly the deformation. Commonly\naccepted models for unsaturated soils, that is the Barcelona Basic Model and\nany approach based on the use of an effective averaged interstitial pressure,\nappear as special extreme cases of the thermodynamic formulation proposed here.\n" }, { "id": "62c2ec90-de85-428b-8734-db25bd0264b3", "adv_source_id": "62c2ec90-de85-428b-8734-db25bd0264b3", "source_id": "62c2ec90-de85-428b-8734-db25bd0264b3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the space of generalized fluxes for loop quantum gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that the space of generalized fluxes - momentum space - for loop\nquantum gravity cannot be constructed by Fourier transforming the projective\nlimit construction of the space of generalized connections - position space -\ndue to the non-abelianess of the gauge group SU(2). From the abelianization of\nSU(2), U(1)^3, we learn that the space of generalized fluxes turns out to be an\ninductive limit, and we determine the consistency conditions the fluxes should\nsatisfy under coarse-graining of the underlying graphs. We comment on the\napplications to loop quantum cosmology, in particular, how the characterization\nof the Bohr compactification of the real line as a projective limit opens the\nway for a similar analysis for LQC.\n" }, { "id": "eab37445-9584-489e-a29c-b2226930464e", "adv_source_id": "eab37445-9584-489e-a29c-b2226930464e", "source_id": "eab37445-9584-489e-a29c-b2226930464e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cascade of Phase Shifts and Creation of Nonlinear Focal Points for\n Supercritical Semiclassical Hartree Equation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the semiclassical limit of the Hartree equation with a data\ncausing a focusing at a point. We study the asymptotic behavior of phase\nfunction associated with the WKB approximation near the caustic when a\nnonlinearity is supercritical. In this case, it is known that a phase shift\noccurs in a neighborhood of focusing time in the case of focusing cubic\nnonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation. Thanks to the smoothness of the nonlocal\nnonlinearities, we justify the WKB-type approximation of the solution for a\ndata which is larger than in the previous results and is not necessarily\nwell-prepared. We also show by an analysis of the limit hydrodynamical equaiton\nthat, however, this WKB-type approximation breaks down before reaching the\nfocal point: Nonlinear effects lead to the formation of singularity of the\nleading term of the phase function.\n" }, { "id": "d810bca6-6555-4b40-90cd-603b0caf72e2", "adv_source_id": "d810bca6-6555-4b40-90cd-603b0caf72e2", "source_id": "d810bca6-6555-4b40-90cd-603b0caf72e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New lattice sphere packings denser than Mordell-Weil lattices", "prompt": null, "generation": " 1) We present new lattice sphere packings in Euclid spaces of many dimensions\nin the range 3332-4096, which are denser than known densest Mrodell-Weil\nlattice sphere packings in these dimensions. Moreover it is proved that if\nthere were some nice linear binary codes we could construct lattices denser\nthan Mordell-Weil lattices of many dimensions in the range 116-3332. 2) New\nlattices with densities at least 8 times of the densities of Craig lattices in\nthe dimensions $p-1$, where $p$ is a prime satisfying $p-1 \\geq 1222$, are\nconstructed. Some of these lattices provide new record sphere packings. 3)\nLattice sphere packings in many dimensions in the range 4098-8232 better than\npresent records are presented. Some new dense lattice sphere packings in\nmoderate dimensions $84, 85, 86, 181-189$ denser than any previously known\nsphere packings in these dimensions are also given. The construction is based\non the analogues of Craig lattices.\n" }, { "id": "a761a03b-b62b-4208-a1c9-4def597ccb4e", "adv_source_id": "a761a03b-b62b-4208-a1c9-4def597ccb4e", "source_id": "a761a03b-b62b-4208-a1c9-4def597ccb4e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Linear Dynamic Polarizability and the Absorption Spectrum of an Exciton\n in an Aharonov-Bohm Quantum Ring", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analytically solve the problem of an exciton (with particles interacting\nby a delta potential) in a one-dimensional quantum ring in the presence of an\nAharonov-Bohm flux. By following a more straightforward method than in earlier\nworks we determine the energy spectrum and the associated eigenfunctions\ntogether with other physical properties of the system in closed analytical\nforms. After finding the energy spectra of the exciton in this system, we then\ncalculate the dynamic linear electric polarizability and the absorption\ncoefficients; we find that the magnetic flux changes the values of the\nabsorption coefficients dramatically and that by changing the value of magnetic\nflux parameter from 0 to 0.5 dark exciton states states transform to bright\nones and vice versa.\n" }, { "id": "3827a73f-6370-4eb7-b588-11f85994cc5b", "adv_source_id": "3827a73f-6370-4eb7-b588-11f85994cc5b", "source_id": "3827a73f-6370-4eb7-b588-11f85994cc5b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "PCA of the spectral energy distribution and emission line properties of\n red 2MASS AGN", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and emission line\nproperties of the red (J-K$_S$ > 2) 2MASS AGN observed by Chandra using\nprinciple component analysis. The sample includes 44 low redshift AGN with low\nor moderate obscuration (N_H < 10^{23} cm^{-2}) as indicated by X-rays and SED\nmodeling. The obscuration of the AGN allows us to see weaker emission\ncomponents (host galaxy emission, AGN scattered light) which are usually\noutshone by the AGN. The first four eigenvectors explain 70% of the variance in\nthe sample. The dominant cause of variance in the sample (eigenvector 1) is the\nL/Ledd ratio strengthened by intrinsic absorption. Eigenvector 2 is related to\nhost galaxy (relative to the observed AGN) emission and eigenvectors 3 and 4\ndistinguish between two sources of obscuration: host galaxy absorption and\ncircumnuclear absorption. Although our analysis is consistent with unification\nschemes where inclination dependent obscuration is important in determining the\nAGN SEDs, the L/Ledd ratio is the most important factor, followed by host\ngalaxy emission.\n" }, { "id": "e4299178-685a-405f-b7ce-11b187614d8b", "adv_source_id": "e4299178-685a-405f-b7ce-11b187614d8b", "source_id": "e4299178-685a-405f-b7ce-11b187614d8b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cavity optomechanics with stoichiometric SiN films", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study high-stress SiN films for reaching the quantum regime with\nmesoscopic oscillators connected to a room-temperature thermal bath, for which\nthere are stringent requirements on the oscillators' quality factors and\nfrequencies. Our SiN films support mechanical modes with unprecedented products\nof mechanical quality factor $Q_m$ and frequency $\\nu_m$ reaching $Q_{m} \\nu_m\n\\simeq2 \\times 10^{13}$ Hz. The SiN membranes exhibit a low optical absorption\ncharacterized by Im$(n) \\lesssim 10^{-5}$ at 935 nm, representing a 15 times\nreduction for SiN membranes. We have developed an apparatus to simultaneously\ncool the motion of multiple mechanical modes based on a short, high-finesse\nFabry-Perot cavity and present initial cooling results along with future\npossibilities.\n" }, { "id": "8e69d7ed-0f66-4be5-81cb-6f187f74c528", "adv_source_id": "8e69d7ed-0f66-4be5-81cb-6f187f74c528", "source_id": "8e69d7ed-0f66-4be5-81cb-6f187f74c528", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermi super-Tonks-Girardeau state for attractive Fermi gases in an\n optical lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate that a kind of highly excited state of strongly attractive\nHubbard model, named of Fermi super-Tonks-Girardeau state, can be realized in\nthe spin-1/2 Fermi optical lattice system by a sudden switch of interaction\nfrom the strongly repulsive regime to the strongly attractive regime. In\ncontrast to the ground state of the attractive Hubbard model, such a state is\nthe lowest scattering state with no pairing between attractive fermions. With\nthe aid of Bethe-ansatz method, we calculate energies of both the Fermi\nTonks-Girardeau gas and the Fermi super-Tonks-Girardeau state of spin-1/2\nultracold fermions and show that both energies approach to the same limit as\nthe strength of the interaction goes to infinity. By exactly solving the quench\ndynamics of the Hubbard model, we demonstrate that the Fermi\nsuper-Tonks-Girardeau state can be transferred from the initial repulsive\nground state very efficiently. This allows the experimental study of properties\nof Fermi super-Tonks-Girardeau gas in optical lattices.\n" }, { "id": "a0b7f62f-9349-44e3-8999-163f7bb2aae3", "adv_source_id": "a0b7f62f-9349-44e3-8999-163f7bb2aae3", "source_id": "a0b7f62f-9349-44e3-8999-163f7bb2aae3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "One-dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations with Generalized and\n Singular Drift", "prompt": null, "generation": " Introducing certain singularities, we generalize the class of one-dimensional\nstochastic differential equations with so-called generalized drift. Equations\nwith generalized drift, well-known in the literature, possess a drift that is\ndescribed by the semimartingale local time of the unknown process integrated\nwith respect to a locally finite signed measure \\nu. The generalization which\nwe deal with can be interpreted as allowing more general set functions \\nu, for\nexample signed measures which are only \\sigma-finite. However, we use a\ndifferent approach to describe the singular drift. For the considered class of\none-dimensional stochastic differential equations, we derive necessary and\nsufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness in law of solutions.\n" }, { "id": "ef17f59a-af94-4e2e-815d-2aea3b6063eb", "adv_source_id": "ef17f59a-af94-4e2e-815d-2aea3b6063eb", "source_id": "ef17f59a-af94-4e2e-815d-2aea3b6063eb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the efficiency and accuracy of interpolation methods for spectral\n codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper a general theory for interpolation methods on a rectangular\ngrid is introduced. By the use of this theory an efficient B-spline based\ninterpolation method for spectral codes is presented. The theory links the\norder of the interpolation method with its spectral properties. In this way\nmany properties like order of continuity, order of convergence and magnitude of\nerrors can be explained. Furthermore, a fast implementation of the\ninterpolation methods is given. We show that the B-spline based interpolation\nmethod has several advantages compared to other methods. First, the order of\ncontinuity of the interpolated field is higher than for other methods. Second,\nonly one FFT is needed whereas e.g. Hermite interpolation needs multiple FFTs\nfor computing the derivatives. Third, the interpolation error almost matches\nthe one of Hermite interpolation, a property not reached by other methods\ninvestigated.\n" }, { "id": "8321663f-41cd-40e2-ac92-496297d4eeb7", "adv_source_id": "8321663f-41cd-40e2-ac92-496297d4eeb7", "source_id": "8321663f-41cd-40e2-ac92-496297d4eeb7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement, decoherence and thermal relaxation in exactly solvable\n models", "prompt": null, "generation": " Exactly solvable models provide an opportunity to study different aspects of\nreduced quantum dynamics in detail. We consider the reduced dynamics of a\nsingle spin in finite XX and XY spin 1/2 chains. First we introduce a general\nexpression describing the evolution of the reduced density matrix. This\nexpression proves to be tractable when the combined closed system (i.e. open\nsystem plus environment) is integrable. Then we focus on comparing decoherence\nand thermalization timescales in the XX chain. We find that for a single spin\nthese timescales are comparable, in contrast to what should be expected for a\nmacroscopic body. This indicates that the process of quantum relaxation of a\nsystem with few accessible states can not be separated in two distinct stages -\ndecoherence and thermalization. Finally, we turn to finite-size effects in the\ntime evolution of a single spin in the XY chain. We observe three consecutive\nstages of the evolution: regular evolution, partial revivals, irregular\n(apparently chaotic) evolution. The duration of the regular stage is\nproportional to the number of spins in the chain. We observe a \"quiet and cold\nperiod\" in the end of the regular stage, which breaks up abruptly at some\nthreshold time.\n" }, { "id": "ad3c60c9-d811-48d5-984f-7f326733bfd5", "adv_source_id": "ad3c60c9-d811-48d5-984f-7f326733bfd5", "source_id": "ad3c60c9-d811-48d5-984f-7f326733bfd5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum phase transitions in the systems of parallel quantum dots", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the low-temperature transport properties of the systems of parallel\nquantum dots described by the N-impurity Anderson model. We calculate the\nquasiparticle scattering phase shifts, spectral functions and correlations as a\nfunction of the gate voltage for N up to 5. For any N, the conductance at the\nparticle-hole symmetric point is unitary. For N >= 2, a transition from\nferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic impurity spin correlations occurs at some\ngate voltage. For N >= 3, there is an additional transition due to an abrupt\nchange in average impurity occupancy. For odd N, the conductance is\ndiscontinuous through both quantum phase transitions, while for even N only the\nmagnetic transition affects the conductance. Similar effects should be\nexperimentally observable in the systems of quantum dots with ferromagnetic\nconduction-band-mediated inter-dot exchange interactions.\n" }, { "id": "7d217d81-eb0b-451a-bbb5-1774104593c5", "adv_source_id": "7d217d81-eb0b-451a-bbb5-1774104593c5", "source_id": "7d217d81-eb0b-451a-bbb5-1774104593c5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Energy spectra and fluxes for Rayleigh-Benard convection", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute the spectra and fluxes of the velocity and temperature fields in\nRayleigh-B\\'{e}nard convection in turbulent regime for a wide range of Prandtl\nnumbers using pseudo-spectral simulations on $512^3$ grids. Our spectral and\nflux results support the Kolmogorov-Obukhov (KO) scaling for zero Prandtl\nnumber and low Prandtl number ($P=0.02$) convection. The KO scaling for the\nvelocity field in zero-Prandtl number and low-Prandtl number convection is\nbecause of the weak buoyancy in the inertial range (buoyancy is active only at\nthe very low wavenumbers). We also observe that for intermediate Prandtl\nnumbers ($P=0.2$) the KO scaling fits better with the numerical results than\nthe Bolgiano-Obukhov (BO) scaling. For large Prandtl number ($P=6.8$), the\nspectra and flux results are somewhat inconclusive on the validity of the KO or\nBO scaling, yet the BO scaling is preferred over the KO scaling for these\ncases. The numerical results for P=1 is rather inconclusive.\n" }, { "id": "815f1e73-bcfb-47fb-b84d-26761e88c32b", "adv_source_id": "815f1e73-bcfb-47fb-b84d-26761e88c32b", "source_id": "815f1e73-bcfb-47fb-b84d-26761e88c32b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On wrapping corrections to GKP-like operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the recent paper arXiv:1010.5009, Maldacena et al. derive the two loop\nexpressions for polygonal Wilson loops expectation values, or MHV amplitudes,\nby writing them as sums over exchanges of intermediate free particles. The\nspectrum of excitations of the flux tube between two null Wilson lines can be\nviewed as the spectrum of excitations around the infinite spin limit of finite\ntwist operators in the sl(2) sector of N=4 SYM or the Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov\n(GKP) string. This regime can be captured exploiting integrability and assuming\nthat wrapping corrections are negligible compared to asymptotic Bethe Ansatz\ncontributions. This assumption holds true for the N=4 SYM background GKP\nstring, but deserves further analysis for excited states. Here, we investigate\nGKP cousins by considering various classes of (generalized) twist operators in\nbeta-deformed N=4 SYM and ABJM theory. We show that the Y-system of\nGromov-Kazakov-Vieira easily leads to accurate large spin expansions of the\nwrapping correction at lowest order in weak-coupling perturbation theory. As a\nbyproduct, we confirm that wrapping corrections are subleading in all the\nconsidered cases.\n" }, { "id": "3c4c1ab1-3d6c-4a26-bdb7-9b1c931916f1", "adv_source_id": "3c4c1ab1-3d6c-4a26-bdb7-9b1c931916f1", "source_id": "3c4c1ab1-3d6c-4a26-bdb7-9b1c931916f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Democratic Superstring Field Theory and its Gauge Fixing", "prompt": null, "generation": " This work is my contribution to the proceedings of the conference \"SFT2010 -\nthe third international conference on string field theory and related topics\"\nand it reflects my talk there, which described the democratic string field\ntheory and its gauge fixing.\n The democratic string field theory is the only fully RNS string field theory\nto date. It lives in the large Hilbert space and includes all picture numbers.\nPicture changing amounts in this formalism to a gauge transformation. We\ndescribe the theory and its properties and show that when partially gauge fixed\nit can be reduced to the modified theory and to the non-polynomial theory. In\nthe latter case we can even include the Ramond sector in the picture-fixed\naction. We also show that another partial gauge-fixing leads to a new\nconsistent string field theory at picture number -1.\n" }, { "id": "e52ea3a2-95a4-4397-b3eb-f638faf945a0", "adv_source_id": "e52ea3a2-95a4-4397-b3eb-f638faf945a0", "source_id": "e52ea3a2-95a4-4397-b3eb-f638faf945a0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ground state at high density", "prompt": null, "generation": " Weak limits as the density tends to infinity of classical ground states of\nintegrable pair potentials are shown to minimize the mean-field energy\nfunctional. By studying the latter we derive global properties of high-density\nground state configurations in bounded domains and in infinite space. Our main\nresult is a theorem stating that for interactions having a strictly positive\nFourier transform the distribution of particles tends to be uniform as the\ndensity increases, while high-density ground states show some pattern if the\nFourier transform is partially negative. The latter confirms the conclusion of\nearlier studies by Vlasov (1945), Kirzhnits and Nepomnyashchii (1971), and\nLikos et al. (2007). Other results include the proof that there is no Bravais\nlattice among high-density ground states of interactions whose Fourier\ntransform has a negative part and the potential diverges or has a cusp at zero.\nWe also show that in the ground state configurations of the penetrable sphere\nmodel particles are superposed on the sites of a close-packed lattice.\n" }, { "id": "aedefd6f-d400-4ec7-945f-62622ba090bb", "adv_source_id": "aedefd6f-d400-4ec7-945f-62622ba090bb", "source_id": "aedefd6f-d400-4ec7-945f-62622ba090bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Heat release by controlled continuous-time Markov jump processes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive the equations governing the protocols minimizing the heat released\nby a continuous-time Markov jump process on a one-dimensional countable state\nspace during a transition between assigned initial and final probability\ndistributions in a finite time horizon. In particular, we identify the\nhypotheses on the transition rates under which the optimal control strategy and\nthe probability distribution of the Markov jump problem obey a system of\ndifferential equations of Hamilton-Bellman-Jacobi-type. As the state-space mesh\ntends to zero, these equations converge to those satisfied by the diffusion\nprocess minimizing the heat released in the Langevin formulation of the same\nproblem. We also show that in full analogy with the continuum case, heat\nminimization is equivalent to entropy production minimization. Thus, our\nresults may be interpreted as a refined version of the second law of\nthermodynamics.\n" }, { "id": "ad691e1c-2843-4603-aec9-47c71584326e", "adv_source_id": "ad691e1c-2843-4603-aec9-47c71584326e", "source_id": "ad691e1c-2843-4603-aec9-47c71584326e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High-fidelity entanglement purification using chains of atoms and\n optical cavities", "prompt": null, "generation": " In our previous paper [Phys. Rev. A 84, 042303 (2011)], we proposed an\nefficient scheme to purify dynamically a bipartite entangled state using short\nchains of atoms coupled to high-finesse optical cavities. In contrast to\nconventional entanglement purification protocols, we avoid controlled-NOT gates\nand thus reduce complicated pulse sequences and superfluous qubit operations.\nIn this paper, we significantly improve the output fidelity of remotely\nentangled atoms by introducing one additional entanglement protocol in each of\nthe repeater nodes and by optimizing the laser beams required to control the\nentire scheme. Our improved distillation scheme yields an almost unit output\nfidelity that, together with the entanglement distribution and swapping, opens\nan attractive route towards an efficient and experimentally feasible quantum\nrepeater for long-distance quantum communication.\n" }, { "id": "391aaf84-2f8b-40ae-8389-317cb8ecb718", "adv_source_id": "391aaf84-2f8b-40ae-8389-317cb8ecb718", "source_id": "391aaf84-2f8b-40ae-8389-317cb8ecb718", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tannaka duality for proper Lie groupoids", "prompt": null, "generation": " The main contribution of this thesis is a Tannaka duality theorem for proper\nLie groupoids. This result is obtained by replacing the category of smooth\nvector bundles over the base manifold of a Lie groupoid with a larger category,\nthe category of smooth Euclidean fields, and by considering smooth actions of\nLie groupoids on smooth Euclidean fields. The notion of smooth Euclidean field\nthat is introduced here is the smooth, finite dimensional analogue of the\nfamiliar notion of continuous Hilbert field. In the second part of the thesis,\nordinary smooth representations of Lie groupoids on smooth vector bundles are\nsystematically studied from the point of view of Tannaka duality, and various\nresults are obtained in this direction.\n" }, { "id": "921b12b3-7615-469a-978b-b74428783abf", "adv_source_id": "921b12b3-7615-469a-978b-b74428783abf", "source_id": "921b12b3-7615-469a-978b-b74428783abf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Algebraic special functions and so(3,2)", "prompt": null, "generation": " A ladder structure of operators is presented for the associated Legendre\npolynomials and the spherical harmonics showing that both belong to the same\nirreducible representation of so(3,2). As both are also bases of\nsquare-integrable functions, the universal enveloping algebra of so(3,2) is\nthus shown to be isomorphic to the space of linear operators acting on the L^2\nfunctions defined on (-1,1) x Z and on the sphere S^2, respectively.\n The presence of a ladder structure is suggested to be the general condition\nto obtain a Lie algebra representation defining in this way the \"algebraic\nspecial functions\" that are proposed to be the connection between Lie algebras\nand square-integrable functions so that the space of linear operators on the\nL^2 functions is isomorphic to the universal enveloping algebra.\n" }, { "id": "bec87951-68c5-4929-9a73-b367482044fd", "adv_source_id": "bec87951-68c5-4929-9a73-b367482044fd", "source_id": "bec87951-68c5-4929-9a73-b367482044fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Viscoelastic flow transitions in abrupt planar contractions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present experimental evidence of global viscoelastic flow transitions in\n2:1, 8:1 and 32:1 planar contractions under inertia-less conditions. Light\nsheet visualization and laser Doppler velocimetry techniques are used to probe\nspatial structure and time scales associated with the onset of these\ninstabilities. The results are reported in terms of critical Weissenberg\nnumbers characterizing the fluid flow rates. For a given contraction ratio and\npolymer fluid, a two-dimensional, steady flow with converging streamlines\ntransitions to a two-dimensional pattern with diverging streamlines beyond a\ncritical Weissenberg number. At even higher Weissenberg numbers, spatial\ntransition to three-dimensional flow is observed. A relationship between the\nupstream Weissenberg number for the onset of this spatial instability and the\ncontraction ratio is derived. For contraction ratios substantially greater than\nunity, we observe that further increase in the flow rate results in a second\ntemporal transition to a three-dimensional, time-dependent flow. This complex\nflow arises due to a combination of the effects of stress-curvature interaction\nand three dimensional perturbations induced by the walls bounding the neutral\ndirection. Comparison with studies on other geometries indicates that boundary\nshapes deeply influence the sequence and nature of flow transitions.\n" }, { "id": "565ba5ba-5cd9-4223-bb04-09e822deea97", "adv_source_id": "565ba5ba-5cd9-4223-bb04-09e822deea97", "source_id": "565ba5ba-5cd9-4223-bb04-09e822deea97", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stochastic amplification in an epidemic model with seasonal forcing", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the stochastic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with\ntime-dependent forcing using analytic techniques which allow us to disentangle\nthe interaction of stochasticity and external forcing. The model is formulated\nas a continuous time Markov process, which is decomposed into a deterministic\ndynamics together with stochastic corrections, by using an expansion in inverse\nsystem size. The forcing induces a limit cycle in the deterministic dynamics,\nand a complete analysis of the fluctuations about this time-dependent solution\nis given. This analysis is applied when the limit cycle is annual, and after a\nperiod-doubling when it is biennial. The comprehensive nature of our approach\nallows us to give a coherent picture of the dynamics which unifies past work,\nbut which also provides a systematic method for predicting the periods of\noscillations seen in whooping cough and measles epidemics.\n" }, { "id": "35053f37-9891-4040-9250-90a863b4f050", "adv_source_id": "35053f37-9891-4040-9250-90a863b4f050", "source_id": "35053f37-9891-4040-9250-90a863b4f050", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A common rule for decision-making in animal collectives across species", "prompt": null, "generation": " A diversity of decision-making systems has been observed in animal\ncollectives. In some species, choices depend on the differences of the numbers\nof animals that have chosen each of the available options, while in other\nspecies on the relative differences (a behavior known as Weber's law) or follow\nmore complex rules. We here show that this diversity of decision systems\ncorresponds to a single rule of decision-making in collectives. We first\nobtained a decision rule based on Bayesian estimation that uses the information\nprovided by the behaviors of the other individuals to improve the estimation of\nthe structure of the world. We then tested this rule in decision experiments\nusing zebrafish (Danio rerio), and in existing rich datasets of argentine ants\n(Linepithema humile) and sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), showing that a\nunified model across species can quantitatively explain the diversity of\ndecision systems. Further, these results show that the different counting\nsystems used by animals, including humans, can emerge from the common principle\nof using social information to make good decisions.\n" }, { "id": "d72a6eab-ec52-41eb-8755-c13664ac9b51", "adv_source_id": "d72a6eab-ec52-41eb-8755-c13664ac9b51", "source_id": "d72a6eab-ec52-41eb-8755-c13664ac9b51", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Mechanical Breakdown of Perfect Homogeneity in Reheating After\n Inflation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the context of quantum fields in time dependent classical backgrounds, we\nnotice that the number of created particles with a given momentum largely\ndeviates about its mean value. Guided with this observation we use a complete\northonormal family of localized wave packets to calculate the deviations in the\nnumber and energy densities of particles produced in a volume of a given size\nduring reheating. It turns out that at the end of reheating there exists (in\ngeneral tiny) spatial variations in these densities on Hubble length scales\nover which local interactions are incapable of restoring homogeneity. This\nsignals the destruction of perfect homogeneity attained after inflation due to\nthe quantum nature of particle production process in reheating.\n" }, { "id": "0c087c2a-dfdc-44ad-9b3d-707ef57f001d", "adv_source_id": "0c087c2a-dfdc-44ad-9b3d-707ef57f001d", "source_id": "0c087c2a-dfdc-44ad-9b3d-707ef57f001d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Universal inequalities for the eigenvalues of Schrodinger operators on\n submanifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We establish inequalities for the eigenvalues of Schr\\\"odinger operators on\ncompact submanifolds (possibly with nonempty boundary) of Euclidean spaces, of\nspheres, and of real, complex and quaternionic projective spaces, which are\nrelated to inequalities for the Laplacian on Euclidean domains due to Payne,\nP\\'olya, and Weinberger and to Yang, but which depend in an explicit way on the\nmean curvature. In later sections, we prove similar results for Schr\\\"odinger\noperators on homogeneous Riemannian spaces and, more generally, on any\nRiemannian manifold that admits an eigenmap into a sphere, as well as for the\nKohn Laplacian on subdomains of the Heisenberg group. Among the consequences of\nthis analysis are an extension of Reilly's inequality, bounding any eigenvalue\nof the Laplacian in terms of the mean curvature, and spectral criteria for the\nimmersibility of manifolds in homogeneous spaces.\n" }, { "id": "6c00eab7-3d22-44b9-90c6-fc84ec35ed56", "adv_source_id": "6c00eab7-3d22-44b9-90c6-fc84ec35ed56", "source_id": "6c00eab7-3d22-44b9-90c6-fc84ec35ed56", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exploiting Contextual Independence In Probabilistic Inference", "prompt": null, "generation": " Bayesian belief networks have grown to prominence because they provide\ncompact representations for many problems for which probabilistic inference is\nappropriate, and there are algorithms to exploit this compactness. The next\nstep is to allow compact representations of the conditional probabilities of a\nvariable given its parents. In this paper we present such a representation that\nexploits contextual independence in terms of parent contexts; which variables\nact as parents may depend on the value of other variables. The internal\nrepresentation is in terms of contextual factors (confactors) that is simply a\npair of a context and a table. The algorithm, contextual variable elimination,\nis based on the standard variable elimination algorithm that eliminates the\nnon-query variables in turn, but when eliminating a variable, the tables that\nneed to be multiplied can depend on the context. This algorithm reduces to\nstandard variable elimination when there is no contextual independence\nstructure to exploit. We show how this can be much more efficient than variable\nelimination when there is structure to exploit. We explain why this new method\ncan exploit more structure than previous methods for structured belief network\ninference and an analogous algorithm that uses trees.\n" }, { "id": "d5cf73c8-a4f9-43aa-951f-4d992bbc927d", "adv_source_id": "d5cf73c8-a4f9-43aa-951f-4d992bbc927d", "source_id": "d5cf73c8-a4f9-43aa-951f-4d992bbc927d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Delta Scuti stars in the Praesepe cluster observed by the MOST satellite", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Praesepe cluster contains a number of Delta Sct and Gamma Dor pulsators.\nAsteroseismology of cluster stars is simplified by the common distance, age and\nstellar abundances. Since asteroseismology requires a large number of known\nfrequencies, the small pulsation amplitudes of these stars require space\nsatellite campaigns. The present study utilizes photometric MOST satellite\nmeasurements in order to determine the pulsation frequencies of two evolved (EP\nCnc, BT Cnc) and two main-sequence (BS Cnc, HD 73872) Delta Sct stars in the\nPraesepe cluster. The frequency analysis of the 2008 and 2009 data detected up\nto 34 frequencies per star with most amplitudes in the submillimag range. In BS\nCnc, two modes showed strong amplitude variability between 2008 and 2009. The\nfrequencies ranged from 0.76 to 41.7 c/d. After considering the different\nevolutionary states and mean stellar densities of these four stars, the\ndifferences and large ranges in frequency remain.\n" }, { "id": "93faa9cd-adc5-4bcc-a05c-dae0f472683e", "adv_source_id": "93faa9cd-adc5-4bcc-a05c-dae0f472683e", "source_id": "93faa9cd-adc5-4bcc-a05c-dae0f472683e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orthogonal Polynomial Representation of Imaginary-Time Green's Functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the expansion of single-particle and two-particle imaginary-time\nMatsubara Green's functions of quantum impurity models in the basis of Legendre\northogonal polynomials. We discuss various applications within the dynamical\nmean-field theory (DMFT) framework. The method provides a more compact\nrepresentation of the Green's functions than standard Matsubara frequencies and\ntherefore significantly reduces the memory-storage size of these quantities.\nMoreover, it can be used as an efficient noise filter for various physical\nquantities within the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solvers\nrecently developed for DMFT and its extensions. In particular, we show how to\nuse it for the computation of energies in the context of realistic DMFT\ncalculations in combination with the local density approximation to the density\nfunctional theory (LDA+DMFT) and for the calculation of lattice\nsusceptibilities from the local irreducible vertex function.\n" }, { "id": "7db471b7-d465-4786-805b-2ca8ad589d4b", "adv_source_id": "7db471b7-d465-4786-805b-2ca8ad589d4b", "source_id": "7db471b7-d465-4786-805b-2ca8ad589d4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superfluid rotation sensor with helical laser trap", "prompt": null, "generation": " The macroscopic quantum states of the dilute bosonic ensemble in helical\nlaser trap at the temperatures about $10^{-6}\\bf {K}$ are considered in the\nframework of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The helical interference pattern is\ncomposed of the two counter propagating Laguerre-Gaussian optical vortices with\nopposite orbital angular momenta $\\ell \\hbar$ and this pattern is driven in\nrotation via angular Doppler effect. Macroscopic observables including linear\nmomentum and angular momentum of the atomic cloud are evaluated explicitly. It\nis shown that rotation of reference frame is transformed into translational\nmotion of the twisted matter wave. The speed of translation equals the group\nvelocity of twisted wavetrain $V_z= \\Omega\\ell/ k$ and alternates with a sign\nof the frame angular velocity $\\Omega$ and helical pattern handedness $\\ell$.\nWe address detection of this effect using currently accessible laboratory\nequipment with emphasis on the difference between quantum and classical fluids.\n" }, { "id": "1d91a4ad-62e5-46cb-ab7f-8433ea240671", "adv_source_id": "1d91a4ad-62e5-46cb-ab7f-8433ea240671", "source_id": "1d91a4ad-62e5-46cb-ab7f-8433ea240671", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Stabilization in Herman's Algorithm", "prompt": null, "generation": " Herman's algorithm is a synchronous randomized protocol for achieving\nself-stabilization in a token ring consisting of N processes. The interaction\nof tokens makes the dynamics of the protocol very difficult to analyze. In this\npaper we study the expected time to stabilization in terms of the initial\nconfiguration. It is straightforward that the algorithm achieves stabilization\nalmost surely from any initial configuration, and it is known that the\nworst-case expected time to stabilization (with respect to the initial\nconfiguration) is Theta(N^2). Our first contribution is to give an upper bound\nof 0.64 N^2 on the expected stabilization time, improving on previous upper\nbounds and reducing the gap with the best existing lower bound. We also\nintroduce an asynchronous version of the protocol, showing a similar O(N^2)\nconvergence bound in this case. Assuming that errors arise from the corruption\nof some number k of bits, where k is fixed independently of the size of the\nring, we show that the expected time to stabilization is O(N). This reveals a\nhitherto unknown and highly desirable property of Herman's algorithm: it\nrecovers quickly from bounded errors. We also show that if the initial\nconfiguration arises by resetting each bit independently and uniformly at\nrandom, then stabilization is significantly faster than in the worst case.\n" }, { "id": "41856d70-acfb-455e-aff2-77cc4154068a", "adv_source_id": "41856d70-acfb-455e-aff2-77cc4154068a", "source_id": "41856d70-acfb-455e-aff2-77cc4154068a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Complete controllability of finite quantum systems with two-fold energy\n level degeneracy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Complete controllability of finite dimensional quantum systems with energy\nlevel degeneracy is investigated using two different approaches. One approach\nis to apply a weak constant field to eliminate the degeneracy and then control\nit using techniques developed for non-degenerate quantum systems. Conditions\nfor the elimination of degeneracy are found and the issue of influence of\nrelaxation time of constant external field to the target state are addressed\nthrough the fidelity. Another approach is to control the degenerate system by a\nsingle control field directly. It is found that the system with two-fold\ndegenerate excited states and non-degenerate ground state are completely\ncontrollable except for the two-level system. Conditions of complete\ncontrollability are found for both systems with different energy gaps and with\nequal energy gaps.\n" }, { "id": "5a2d04f2-c170-4412-b0d5-088b837ecb99", "adv_source_id": "5a2d04f2-c170-4412-b0d5-088b837ecb99", "source_id": "5a2d04f2-c170-4412-b0d5-088b837ecb99", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Remote-Sensing Quantum Hyperspace by Entangled Photon Interferometry", "prompt": null, "generation": " Even though ideas of extracting future-related, or Faster-Than-Light (FTL)\ninformation from hyperspace using quantum entanglement have generally been\nrefuted in the last ten years, in this paper we show that the original 'Delayed\nChoice Quantum Eraser Experiment', 1st performed by Yoon-Ho Kim, R. Yu, S.P.\nKulik, Y.H. Shih, designed by Marlan O. Scully & Druhl in 1982-1999, still\nfeatures hidden topological properties that may have been overlooked by\nprevious analysis, and which prohibit, by principle, the extraction of\nfuture-related or real-time information from the detection of the signal\nparticle on the delayed choice of its entangled idler twin(s). We show that\nsuch properties can be removed, and quantum-level information from certain\nhypersurfaces of past, present or future spacetime may be collected real-time,\nwithout resulting in any paradox or violation of causality.\n" }, { "id": "b6888ff9-aeb1-422b-8c4a-a15609fd1db4", "adv_source_id": "b6888ff9-aeb1-422b-8c4a-a15609fd1db4", "source_id": "b6888ff9-aeb1-422b-8c4a-a15609fd1db4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Succincter Text Indexing with Wildcards", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the problem of indexing text with wildcard positions, motivated by\nthe challenge of aligning sequencing data to large genomes that contain\nmillions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)---positions known to differ\nbetween individuals. SNPs modeled as wildcards can lead to more informed and\nbiologically relevant alignments. We improve the space complexity of previous\napproaches by giving a succinct index requiring $(2 + o(1))n \\log \\sigma + O(n)\n+ O(d \\log n) + O(k \\log k)$ bits for a text of length $n$ over an alphabet of\nsize $\\sigma$ containing $d$ groups of $k$ wildcards. A key to the space\nreduction is a result we give showing how any compressed suffix array can be\nsupplemented with auxiliary data structures occupying $O(n) + O(d \\log\n\\frac{n}{d})$ bits to also support efficient dictionary matching queries. The\nquery algorithm for our wildcard index is faster than previous approaches using\nreasonable working space. More importantly our new algorithm greatly reduces\nthe query working space to $O(d m + m \\log n)$ bits. We note that compared to\nprevious results this reduces the working space by two orders of magnitude when\naligning short read data to the Human genome.\n" }, { "id": "075adb63-6a03-4cdb-85b3-0eec77ba48a2", "adv_source_id": "075adb63-6a03-4cdb-85b3-0eec77ba48a2", "source_id": "075adb63-6a03-4cdb-85b3-0eec77ba48a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electroweak Supersymmetry around the Electroweak Scale", "prompt": null, "generation": " Inspired by the phenomenological constraints, LHC supersymmetry and Higgs\nsearches, dark matter search as well as string model building, we propose the\nelectroweak supersymmetry around the electroweak scale: the squarks and/or\ngluinos are around a few TeV while the sleptons, sneutrinos, bino and winos are\nwithin one TeV. The Higgsinos can be either heavy or light. We consider bino as\nthe dominant component of dark matter candidate, and the observed dark matter\nrelic density is achieved via the neutralino-stau coannihilations. Considering\nthe Generalized Minimal Supergravity (GmSUGRA), we show explicitly that the\nelectroweak supersymmetry can be realized, and the gauge coupling unification\ncan be preserved. With two Scenarios, we study the viable parameter spaces that\nsatisfy all the current phenomenological constraints, and we present the\nconcrete benchmark points. Furthermore, we comment on the fine-tuning problem\nand LHC searches.\n" }, { "id": "7f0d7efd-196b-4034-9968-22752dd5df0b", "adv_source_id": "7f0d7efd-196b-4034-9968-22752dd5df0b", "source_id": "7f0d7efd-196b-4034-9968-22752dd5df0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A model for the dynamics of extensible semiflexible polymers", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a model for semiflexible polymers in Hamiltonian formulation which\ninterpolates between a Rouse chain and worm-like chain. Both models are\nrealized as limits for the parameters. The model parameters can also be chosen\nto match the experimental force-extension curve for double-stranded DNA. Near\nthe ground state of the Hamiltonian, the eigenvalues for the longitudinal\n(stretching) and the transversal (bending) modes of a chain with N springs,\nindexed by p, scale as lambda_lp ~ (p/N)^2 and lambda_tp ~ p^2(p-1)^2/N^4\nrespectively for small p. We also show that the associated decay times tau_p ~\n(N/p)^4 will not be observed if they exceed the orientational time scale tau_r\n~ N^3 for an equally-long rigid rod, as the driven decay is then washed out by\ndiffusive motion.\n" }, { "id": "72c0376d-4dfd-4e5c-b900-4671cbd3fa54", "adv_source_id": "72c0376d-4dfd-4e5c-b900-4671cbd3fa54", "source_id": "72c0376d-4dfd-4e5c-b900-4671cbd3fa54", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Convective hydrocodes for radial stellar pulsation. Physical and\n numerical formulation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we describe our convective hydrocodes for radial stellar\npulsation. We adopt the Kuhfuss (1986) model of convection, reformulated for\nthe use in stellar pulsation hydrocodes. Physical as well as numerical\nassumptions of the code are described in detail. Described tests show, that our\nmodels are numerically robust and reproduce basic observational constraints.\n We discuss the effects of different treatment of some quantities in other\npulsation hydrocodes. Our most important finding concerns the treatment of the\nturbulent source function in convectively stable regions. In our code we allow\nfor negative values of source function in convectively stable zones, which\nreflects negative buoyancy. However, some authors restrict the source term to\nnon-negative values. We show that this assumption leads to very high turbulent\nenergies in convectively stable regions. The effect looks like overshooting,\nbut it is not, because turbulence is generated by pulsations. Also, turbulent\nelements do not carry kinetic nor thermal energy, into convectively stable\nlayers. The range of this artificial overshooting (as we shall call it) is as\nlarge as 6 local pressure scale heights, leading to unphysical internal damping\nthrough the eddy-viscous forces, in deep, convectively stable parts of the\nstar.\n" }, { "id": "2f775503-ed9b-456e-80a0-6ae51263a013", "adv_source_id": "2f775503-ed9b-456e-80a0-6ae51263a013", "source_id": "2f775503-ed9b-456e-80a0-6ae51263a013", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement and nonlocality of one- and two-mode combination squeezed\n state", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the entanglement and nonlocality properties of one- and\ntwo-mode combination squeezed vacuum state (OTCSS, with two-parameter lamda and\ngamma) by analyzing the logarithmic negativity and the Bell's inequality. It is\nfound that this state exhibits larger entanglement than that of the usual\ntwo-mode squeezed vacuum state (TSVS), and that in a certain regime of lamda,\nthe violation of Bell's inequality becomes more obvious, which indicates that\nthe nonlocality of OTCSS can be stronger than that of TSVS. As an application\nof OTCSS, the quantum teleportaion is examined, which shows that there is a\nregion spanned by lamda and gamma in which the fidelity of OTCSS channel is\nlarger than that of TSVS.\n" }, { "id": "a9369767-af49-4850-8011-ab13a3bc006e", "adv_source_id": "a9369767-af49-4850-8011-ab13a3bc006e", "source_id": "a9369767-af49-4850-8011-ab13a3bc006e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A small world of citations? The influence of collaboration networks on\n citation practices", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper examines the proximity of authors to those they cite using degrees\nof separation in a co-author network, essentially using collaboration networks\nto expand on the notion of self-citations. While the proportion of direct\nself-citations (including co-authors of both citing and cited papers) is\nrelatively constant in time and across specialties in the natural sciences (10%\nof citations) and the social sciences (20%), the same cannot be said for\ncitations to authors who are members of the co-author network. Differences\nbetween fields and trends over time lie not only in the degree of co-authorship\nwhich defines the large-scale topology of the collaboration network, but also\nin the referencing practices within a given discipline, computed by defining a\npropensity to cite at a given distance within the collaboration network.\nOverall, there is little tendency to cite those nearby in the collaboration\nnetwork, excluding direct self-citations. By analyzing these social references,\nwe characterize the social capital of local collaboration networks in terms of\nthe knowledge production within scientific fields. These results have\nimplications for the long-standing debate over biases common to most types of\ncitation analysis, and for understanding citation practices across scientific\ndisciplines over the past 50 years. In addition, our findings have important\npractical implications for the availability of 'arm's length' expert reviewers\nof grant applications and manuscripts.\n" }, { "id": "637a85e6-a9ef-4349-be19-f2b4b5392aa4", "adv_source_id": "637a85e6-a9ef-4349-be19-f2b4b5392aa4", "source_id": "637a85e6-a9ef-4349-be19-f2b4b5392aa4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The generic differentiability of convex-concave functions:\n Characterization", "prompt": null, "generation": " As established by R T. Rockafellar, real valued convex-concave functions are\ngenerically differentiable. It this paper we shall show that for a\nconvex-concave function defined on an open convex set $C \\times D,$ there exist\ndense subsets ${\\cal N}$ of $C$ and ${\\cal M}$ of $D$ such that the partial\nderivative with respect to the first variable (resp. second variable) exists on\n${\\cal N} \\times D$ (resp. $C \\times {\\cal M}$) and therefore the function is\ndifferentiable on ${\\cal N} \\times {\\cal M}$. This is an interesting property\nof convex-concave functions and it does not hold for convex-convex functions.\nAs an immediate application we recover the generic single-valuedness of\nmonotone operators.\n" }, { "id": "f5dd0c53-c23c-46bc-9c66-a55f284110b8", "adv_source_id": "f5dd0c53-c23c-46bc-9c66-a55f284110b8", "source_id": "f5dd0c53-c23c-46bc-9c66-a55f284110b8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inversion of hyperelliptic integrals of arbitrary genus with application\n to particle motion in General Relativity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The description of many dynamical problems like the particle motion in higher\ndimensional spherically and axially symmetric space-times is reduced to the\ninversion of a holomorphic hyperelliptic integral. The result of the inversion\nis defined only locally, and is done using the algebro-geometric techniques of\nthe standard Jacobi inversion problem and the foregoing restriction to the\n$\\theta$--divisor. For a representation of the hyperelliptic functions the\nKlein--Weierstra{\\ss} multivariable sigma function is introduced. It is shown\nthat all parameters needed for the calculations like period matrices and\nAbelian images of branch points can be expressed in terms of the periods of\nholomorphic differentials and theta-constants. The cases of genus two and three\nare considered in detail. The method is exemplified by particle motion\nassociated with a genus three hyperelliptic curve.\n" }, { "id": "e799ff48-1719-485f-b48d-f542c32bb251", "adv_source_id": "e799ff48-1719-485f-b48d-f542c32bb251", "source_id": "e799ff48-1719-485f-b48d-f542c32bb251", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chirality Quantum Phase Transition in the Dirac oscillator", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study a relativistic spin-1/2 fermion subjected to a Dirac oscillator\ncoupling and a constant magnetic field. An interplay between opposed chirality\ninteractions culminates in the appearance of a relativistic quantum phase\ntransition, which can be fully characterized. We obtain analytical expressions\nfor the energy gap, order parameter, and canonical quantum fluctuations across\nthe critical point. Moreover, we also discuss the effect of this phase\ntransition on the statistics of the chiral bosonic ensemble, where its super-\nor sub-Poissonian nature can be controled by means of external parameters.\nFinally, we study the entanglement properties between the degrees of freedom in\nthe relativistic ground state, where an interesting transition between a\nbi-separable and a genuinely tripartite entangled state occurs.\n" }, { "id": "37cae937-63f4-474e-9189-99547bcc9cd3", "adv_source_id": "37cae937-63f4-474e-9189-99547bcc9cd3", "source_id": "37cae937-63f4-474e-9189-99547bcc9cd3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High Throughput Random Access via Codes on Graphs: Coded Slotted ALOHA", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, coded slotted ALOHA (CSA) is introduced as a powerful random\naccess scheme to the MAC frame. In CSA, the burst a generic user wishes to\ntransmit in the MAC frame is first split into segments, and these segments are\nthen encoded through a local a packet-oriented code prior to transmission. On\nthe receiver side, iterative interference cancellation combined with decoding\nof the local code is performed to recover from collisions. The new scheme\ngeneralizes the previously proposed irregular repetition slotted ALOHA (IRSA)\ntechnique, based on a simple repetition of the users' bursts. An interpretation\nof the CSA interference cancellation process as an iterative erasure decoding\nprocess over a sparse bipartite graph is identified, and the corresponding\ndensity evolution equations derived. Based on these equations, asymptotically\noptimal CSA schemes are designed for several rates and their performance for a\nfinite number of users investigated through simulation and compared to IRSA\ncompetitors. Throughputs as high as 0.8 are demonstrated. The new scheme turns\nout to be a good candidate in contexts where power efficiency is required.\n" }, { "id": "12ad990d-96c3-47cf-98a2-b229bebd63ec", "adv_source_id": "12ad990d-96c3-47cf-98a2-b229bebd63ec", "source_id": "12ad990d-96c3-47cf-98a2-b229bebd63ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anisotropic low-temperature piezoresistance in (311)A GaAs\n two-dimensional holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report low-temperature resistance measurements in a modulation-doped,\n(311)A GaAs two-dimensional hole system as a function of applied in-plane\nstrain. The data reveal a strong but anisotropic piezoresistance whose\nmagnitude depends on the density as well as the direction along which the\nresistance is measured. At a density of $1.6\\times10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ and for a\nstrain of about $2\\times10^{-4}$ applied along [01$\\bar{1}$], e.g., the\nresistance measured along this direction changes by nearly a factor of two\nwhile the resistance change in the [$\\bar{2}$33] direction is less than 10% and\nhas the opposite sign. Our accurate energy band calculations indicate a\npronounced and anisotropic deformation of the heavy-hole dispersion with\nstrain, qualitatively consistent with the experimental data. The extremely\nanisotropic magnitude of the piezoresistance, however, lacks a quantitative\nexplanation.\n" }, { "id": "8f071c06-fb15-4291-ac69-b211cc89a422", "adv_source_id": "8f071c06-fb15-4291-ac69-b211cc89a422", "source_id": "8f071c06-fb15-4291-ac69-b211cc89a422", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fully Automatic 3D Reconstruction of Histological Images", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we propose a computational framework for 3D volume\nreconstruction from 2D histological slices using registration algorithms in\nfeature space. To improve the quality of reconstructed 3D volume, first,\nintensity variations in images are corrected by an intensity standardization\nprocess which maps image intensity scale to a standard scale where similar\nintensities correspond to similar tissues. Second, a subvolume approach is\nproposed for 3D reconstruction by dividing standardized slices into groups.\nThird, in order to improve the quality of the reconstruction process, an\nautomatic best reference slice selection algorithm is developed based on an\niterative assessment of image entropy and mean square error of the registration\nprocess. Finally, we demonstrate that the choice of the reference slice has a\nsignificant impact on registration quality and subsequent 3D reconstruction.\n" }, { "id": "5dfe2c0a-7bbc-4f73-add8-08d766c818e7", "adv_source_id": "5dfe2c0a-7bbc-4f73-add8-08d766c818e7", "source_id": "5dfe2c0a-7bbc-4f73-add8-08d766c818e7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nature of magnetic excitations in superconducting\n BaFe$_{1.9}$Ni$_{0.1}$As$_{2}$", "prompt": null, "generation": " Since the discovery of the metallic antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state near\nsuperconductivity in iron-pnictide superconductors, a central question has been\nwhether magnetism in these materials arises from weakly correlated electrons,\nas in the case of spin-density-wave in pure chromium, requires strong electron\ncorrelations, or can even be described in terms of localized electrons such as\nthe AF insulating state of copper oxides. Here we use inelastic neutron\nscattering to determine the absolute intensity of the magnetic excitations\nthroughout the Brillouin zone in electron-doped superconducting\nBaFe$_{1.9}$Ni$_{0.1}$As$_{2}$ ($T_c=20$ K), which allows us to obtain the size\nof the fluctuating magnetic moment $$, and its energy distribution. We\nfind that superconducting BaFe$_{1.9}$Ni$_{0.1}$As$_{2}$ and AF BaFe$_2$As$_2$\nboth have fluctuating magnetic moments $\\approx3.2\\ \\mu_B^2$ per Fe(Ni),\nwhich are similar to those found in the AF insulating copper oxides. The common\ntheme in both classes of high temperature superconductors is that magnetic\nexcitations have partly localized character, thus showing the importance of\nstrong correlations for high temperature superconductivity.\n" }, { "id": "135bb221-844b-4780-bcae-147cef770e00", "adv_source_id": "135bb221-844b-4780-bcae-147cef770e00", "source_id": "135bb221-844b-4780-bcae-147cef770e00", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dynamics and structure of an aging binary colloidal glass", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study aging in a colloidal suspension consisting of micron-sized particles\nin a liquid. This system is made glassy by increasing the particle\nconcentration. We observe samples composed of particles of two sizes, with a\nsize ratio of 1:2.1 and a volume fraction ratio 1:6, using fast laser scanning\nconfocal microscopy. This technique yields real-time, three-dimensional movies\ndeep inside the colloidal glass. Specifically, we look at how the size, motion\nand structural organization of the particles relate to the overall aging of the\nglass. Particles move in spatially heterogeneous cooperative groups. These\nmobile regions tend to be richer in small particles, and these small particles\nfacilitate the motion of nearby particles of both sizes.\n" }, { "id": "2bd2d74b-3e06-4695-8b1a-526c410697ac", "adv_source_id": "2bd2d74b-3e06-4695-8b1a-526c410697ac", "source_id": "2bd2d74b-3e06-4695-8b1a-526c410697ac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Iron substitution in NdCoAsO: crystal structure and magnetic phase\n diagram", "prompt": null, "generation": " The effects of replacing small amounts of Co with Fe in NdCoAsO are reported.\nPolycrystalline materials with compositions NdCo1-xFexAsO (x = 0.05, 0.10,\n0.15, and 0.20) are studied and the results compared to previous reports for\nNdCoAsO. Rietveld analysis of powder x-ray diffraction data shows that as Fe\nreplaces Co on the transition metal (T) site, the T-As distance increases, and\nthe As tetrahedra surrounding the T-site become more regular. Electrical\nresistivity and magnetization measurements indicate that the three magnetic\nphase transitions in NdCoAsO are suppressed as Co is replaced by Fe, and these\ntransitions are not observed above 1.8 K for x = 0.20. Based on these results,\nthe magnetic phase diagram for the Co-rich side of the NdCoAsO-NdFeAsO system\nis constructed.\n" }, { "id": "61359088-530f-4ce7-89f6-d494d26f18e5", "adv_source_id": "61359088-530f-4ce7-89f6-d494d26f18e5", "source_id": "61359088-530f-4ce7-89f6-d494d26f18e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Partial Consistency with Sparse Incidental Parameters", "prompt": null, "generation": " Penalized estimation principle is fundamental to high-dimensional problems.\nIn the literature, it has been extensively and successfully applied to various\nmodels with only structural parameters. As a contrast, in this paper, we apply\nthis penalization principle to a linear regression model with a\nfinite-dimensional vector of structural parameters and a high-dimensional\nvector of sparse incidental parameters. For the estimators of the structural\nparameters, we derive their consistency and asymptotic normality, which reveals\nan oracle property. However, the penalized estimators for the incidental\nparameters possess only partial selection consistency but not consistency. This\nis an interesting partial consistency phenomenon: the structural parameters are\nconsistently estimated while the incidental ones cannot. For the structural\nparameters, also considered is an alternative two-step penalized estimator,\nwhich has fewer possible asymptotic distributions and thus is more suitable for\nstatistical inferences. We further extend the methods and results to the case\nwhere the dimension of the structural parameter vector diverges with but slower\nthan the sample size. A data-driven approach for selecting a penalty\nregularization parameter is provided. The finite-sample performance of the\npenalized estimators for the structural parameters is evaluated by simulations\nand a real data set is analyzed.\n" }, { "id": "44c5b081-2929-4387-af7e-ee086334c38c", "adv_source_id": "44c5b081-2929-4387-af7e-ee086334c38c", "source_id": "44c5b081-2929-4387-af7e-ee086334c38c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimizing information flow in small genetic networks. II: Feed forward\n interactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Central to the functioning of a living cell is its ability to control the\nreadout or expression of information encoded in the genome. In many cases, a\nsingle transcription factor protein activates or represses the expression of\nmany genes. As the concentration of the transcription factor varies, the target\ngenes thus undergo correlated changes, and this redundancy limits the ability\nof the cell to transmit information about input signals. We explore how\ninteractions among the target genes can reduce this redundancy and optimize\ninformation transmission. Our discussion builds on recent work [Tkacik et al,\nPhys Rev E 80, 031920 (2009)], and there are connections to much earlier work\non the role of lateral inhibition in enhancing the efficiency of information\ntransmission in neural circuits; for simplicity we consider here the case where\nthe interactions have a feed forward structure, with no loops. Even with this\nlimitation, the networks that optimize information transmission have a\nstructure reminiscent of the networks found in real biological systems.\n" }, { "id": "89335a8e-c721-4132-a719-09fd5e7bc897", "adv_source_id": "89335a8e-c721-4132-a719-09fd5e7bc897", "source_id": "89335a8e-c721-4132-a719-09fd5e7bc897", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unimodular bimode gravity and the coherent scalar-graviton field as\n galaxy dark matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " The explicit violation of the general gauge invariance/relativity is adopted\nas the origin of dark matter and dark energy of the gravitational nature. The\nviolation of the local scale invariance alone, with the residual unimodular\none, is considered. Besides the four-volume preserving deformation mode -- the\ntransverse-tensor graviton -- the metric comprises a compression mode -- the\nscalar graviton, or the systolon. A unimodular invariant and general covariant\nmetric theory of the bimode/scalar-tensor gravity is consistently worked out.\nTo reduce the primordial ambiguity of the theory a dynamical global symmetry is\nimposed, with its subsequent spontaneous breaking revealed. The static\nspherically symmetric case in the empty, but possibly for the origin, space is\nstudied. A three-parameter solution describing a new static space structure --\nthe dark lacuna -- is constructed. It enjoys the property of gravitational\nconfinement, with the logarithmic potential of gravitational attraction at the\nperiphery, and results in the asymptotically flat rotation curves. Comprising a\nsuper-massive dark fracture (a scalar-modified black hole) at the origin\nsurrounded by a cored dark halo, the dark lacunas are proposed as a prototype\nmodel of galaxies, implying an ultimate account for the distributed\nnon-gravitational matter and a putative asphericity or rotation.\n" }, { "id": "4b625691-783b-432d-bdf8-9264fcbd1d7f", "adv_source_id": "4b625691-783b-432d-bdf8-9264fcbd1d7f", "source_id": "4b625691-783b-432d-bdf8-9264fcbd1d7f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Schwinger-Keldysh approach to out of equilibrium dynamics of the Bose\n Hubbard model with time varying hopping", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the real time dynamics of the Bose Hubbard model in the presence of\ntime-dependent hopping allowing for a finite temperature initial state. We use\nthe Schwinger-Keldysh technique to find the real-time strong coupling action\nfor the problem at both zero and finite temperature. This action allows for the\ndescription of both the superfluid and Mott insulating phases. We use this\naction to obtain dynamical equations for the superfluid order parameter as\nhopping is tuned in real time so that the system crosses the superfluid phase\nboundary. We find that under a quench in the hopping, the system generically\nenters a metastable state in which the superfluid order parameter has an\noscillatory time dependence with a finite magnitude, but disappears when\naveraged over a period. We relate our results to recent cold atom experiments.\n" }, { "id": "b5be2dd3-5302-4c87-8dc1-f67e1f72f84f", "adv_source_id": "b5be2dd3-5302-4c87-8dc1-f67e1f72f84f", "source_id": "b5be2dd3-5302-4c87-8dc1-f67e1f72f84f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The distribution of eigenvalues of randomized permutation matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article we study in detail a family of random matrix ensembles which\nare obtained from random permutations matrices (chosen at random according to\nthe Ewens measure of parameter $\\theta>0$) by replacing the entries equal to\none by more general non-vanishing complex random variables. For these\nensembles, in contrast with more classical models as the Gaussian Unitary\nEnsemble, or the Circular Unitary Ensemble, the eigenvalues can be very\nexplicitly computed by using the cycle structure of the permutations. Moreover,\nby using the so-called virtual permutations, first introduced by Kerov,\nOlshanski and Vershik, and studied with a probabilistic point of view by\nTsilevich, we are able to define, on the same probability space, a model for\neach dimension greater than or equal to one, which gives a meaning to the\nnotion of almost sure convergence when the dimension tends to infinity. In the\npresent paper, depending on the precise model which is considered, we obtain a\nnumber of different results of convergence for the point measure of the\neigenvalues, some of these results giving a strong convergence, which is not\ncommon in random matrix theory.\n" }, { "id": "e3713c16-a999-4dd8-bf8c-5c48d0957be8", "adv_source_id": "e3713c16-a999-4dd8-bf8c-5c48d0957be8", "source_id": "e3713c16-a999-4dd8-bf8c-5c48d0957be8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lagrangian formulation of turbulent premixed combustion", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Lagrangian point of view is adopted to study turbulent premixed\ncombustion. The evolution of the volume fraction of combustion products is\nestablished by the Reynolds transport theorem. It emerges that the burned-mass\nfraction is led by the turbulent particle motion, by the flame front velocity,\nand by the mean curvature of the flame front. A physical requirement connecting\nparticle turbulent dispersion and flame front velocity is obtained from\nequating the expansion rates of the flame front progression and of the unburned\nparticles spread. The resulting description compares favorably with\nexperimental data. In the case of a zero-curvature flame, with a non-Markovian\nparabolic model for turbulent dispersion, the formulation yields the Zimont\nequation extended to all elapsed times and fully determined by turbulence\ncharacteristics. The exact solution of the extended Zimont equation is\ncalculated and analyzed to bring out different regimes.\n" }, { "id": "89562c96-9e14-4a02-9a8f-57ecba0ba169", "adv_source_id": "89562c96-9e14-4a02-9a8f-57ecba0ba169", "source_id": "89562c96-9e14-4a02-9a8f-57ecba0ba169", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pattern characterization of rationally smooth affine Schubert varieties\n of type A", "prompt": null, "generation": " Schubert varieties in finite dimensional flag manifolds G/P are a\nwell-studied family of projective varieties indexed by elements of the\ncorresponding Weyl group W. In particular, there are many tests for smoothness\nand rational smoothness of these varieties. One key result due to\nLakshmibai-Sandhya is that in type A the smooth Schubert varieties are\nprecisely those that are indexed by permutations that avoid the patterns 4231\nand 3412. Recently, there has been a flurry of research related to the infinite\ndimensional analogs of flag manifolds corresponding with G being a Kac-Moody\ngroup and W being an affine Weyl group or parabolic quotient. In this paper we\nstudy the case when W is the affine Weyl group of type A or the affine\npermutations. We develop the notion of pattern avoidance for affine\npermutations. Our main result is a characterization of the rationally smooth\nSchubert varieties corresponding to affine permutations in terms of the\npatterns 4231 and 3412 and the twisted spiral permutations.\n" }, { "id": "4b247750-d1ef-4aee-af4f-0991e45442a2", "adv_source_id": "4b247750-d1ef-4aee-af4f-0991e45442a2", "source_id": "4b247750-d1ef-4aee-af4f-0991e45442a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Flexible Modeling of Latent Task Structures in Multitask Learning", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multitask learning algorithms are typically designed assuming some fixed, a\npriori known latent structure shared by all the tasks. However, it is usually\nunclear what type of latent task structure is the most appropriate for a given\nmultitask learning problem. Ideally, the \"right\" latent task structure should\nbe learned in a data-driven manner. We present a flexible, nonparametric\nBayesian model that posits a mixture of factor analyzers structure on the\ntasks. The nonparametric aspect makes the model expressive enough to subsume\nmany existing models of latent task structures (e.g, mean-regularized tasks,\nclustered tasks, low-rank or linear/non-linear subspace assumption on tasks,\netc.). Moreover, it can also learn more general task structures, addressing the\nshortcomings of such models. We present a variational inference algorithm for\nour model. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets, on both\nregression and classification problems, demonstrate the effectiveness of the\nproposed method.\n" }, { "id": "dc15333e-a576-4655-a5d6-30e5dd8b93e4", "adv_source_id": "dc15333e-a576-4655-a5d6-30e5dd8b93e4", "source_id": "dc15333e-a576-4655-a5d6-30e5dd8b93e4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Joint LDPC and Physical-layer Network Coding for Asynchronous\n Bi-directional Relaying", "prompt": null, "generation": " In practical asynchronous bi-directional relaying, symbols transmitted by two\nsources cannot arrive at the relay with perfect frame and symbol alignments and\nthe asynchronous multiple-access channel (MAC) should be seriously considered.\nRecently, Lu et al. proposed a Tanner-graph representation of the\nsymbol-asynchronous MAC with rectangular-pulse shaping and further developed\nthe message-passing algorithm for optimal decoding of the symbol-asynchronous\nphysical-layer network coding. In this paper, we present a general channel\nmodel for the asynchronous MAC with arbitrary pulse-shaping. Then, the Bahl,\nCocke, Jelinek, and Raviv (BCJR) algorithm is developed for optimal decoding of\nthe asynchronous MAC channel. For Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC)-coded BPSK\nsignalling over the symbol-asynchronous MAC, we present a formal log-domain\ngeneralized sum-product-algorithm (Log-G-SPA) for efficient decoding.\nFurthermore, we propose to use cyclic codes for combating the\nframe-asynchronism and the resolution of the relative delay inherent in this\napproach can be achieved by employing the simple cyclic-redundancy-check (CRC)\ncoding technique. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the\nproposed approach.\n" }, { "id": "3e0152d0-8b75-4d6a-9b58-c8936c62b3e7", "adv_source_id": "3e0152d0-8b75-4d6a-9b58-c8936c62b3e7", "source_id": "3e0152d0-8b75-4d6a-9b58-c8936c62b3e7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Valuations on manifolds and integral geometry", "prompt": null, "generation": " One constructs new operations of pull-back and push-forward on valuations on\nmanifolds with respect to submersions and immersions. A general Radon type\ntransform on valuations is introduced using these operations and the product on\nvaluations. It is shown that the classical Radon transform on smooth functions,\nand the well known Radon transform on constructible functions with respect to\nthe Euler characteristic are special cases of this new Radon transform. An\ninversion formula for the Radon transform on valuations has been proven in a\nspecific case of real projective spaces. Relations of these operations to yet\nanother classical type of integral geometry, Crofton and kinematic formulas,\nare indicated.\n" }, { "id": "45f14753-e9cd-4216-8b7a-320932845f00", "adv_source_id": "45f14753-e9cd-4216-8b7a-320932845f00", "source_id": "45f14753-e9cd-4216-8b7a-320932845f00", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observation of the Little-Parks Oscillations in a System of Asymmetric\n Superconducting Rings", "prompt": null, "generation": " Little-Parks oscillations are observed in a system of 110 series-connected\naluminum rings 2000 nm in diameter with the use of measuring currents from 10\nnA to 1000 nA. The measurements show that the amplitude and character of the\noscillations are independent of the relation between the measuring current and\nthe amplitude of the persistent current. By using asymmetric rings, it is\ndemonstrated that the persistent current has clockwise or contra-clockwise\ndirection. This means that the total current in one of the semi-rings may be\ndirected against the electric field at measurement of the Little-Parks\noscillations. The measurements at zero and low measuring current have revealed\nthat the persistent current, like the conventional circulating current, causes\na potential difference on the semi-rings with different cross sections in spite\nof the absence of the Faraday's voltage.\n" }, { "id": "554df7e1-2553-4476-92e0-0c78b40317aa", "adv_source_id": "554df7e1-2553-4476-92e0-0c78b40317aa", "source_id": "554df7e1-2553-4476-92e0-0c78b40317aa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "(Non)existence of Pleated Folds: How Paper Folds Between Creases", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove that the pleated hyperbolic paraboloid, a familiar origami model\nknown since 1927, in fact cannot be folded with the standard crease pattern in\nthe standard mathematical model of zero-thickness paper. In contrast, we show\nthat the model can be folded with additional creases, suggesting that real\npaper \"folds\" into this model via small such creases. We conjecture that the\ncircular version of this model, consisting simply of concentric circular\ncreases, also folds without extra creases.\n At the heart of our results is a new structural theorem characterizing\nuncreased intrinsically flat surfaces--the portions of paper between the\ncreases. Differential geometry has much to say about the local behavior of such\nsurfaces when they are sufficiently smooth, e.g., that they are torsal ruled.\nBut this classic result is simply false in the context of the whole surface.\nOur structural characterization tells the whole story, and even applies to\nsurfaces with discontinuities in the second derivative. We use our theorem to\nprove fundamental properties about how paper folds, for example, that straight\ncreases on the piece of paper must remain piecewise-straight (polygonal) by\nfolding.\n" }, { "id": "f0ef968f-3c93-4969-a305-c374d463066a", "adv_source_id": "f0ef968f-3c93-4969-a305-c374d463066a", "source_id": "f0ef968f-3c93-4969-a305-c374d463066a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lattice Green functions in all dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We give a systematic treatment of lattice Green functions (LGF) on the\n$d$-dimensional diamond, simple cubic, body-centred cubic and face-centred\ncubic lattices for arbitrary dimensionality $d \\ge 2$ for the first three\nlattices, and for $2 \\le d \\le 5$ for the hyper-fcc lattice. We show that there\nis a close connection between the LGF of the $d$-dimensional hypercubic lattice\nand that of the $(d-1)$-dimensional diamond lattice. We give constant-term\nformulations of LGFs for all lattices and dimensions. Through a still\nunder-developed connection with Mahler measures, we point out an unexpected\nconnection between the coefficients of the s.c., b.c.c. and diamond LGFs and\nsome Ramanujan-type formulae for $1/\\pi.$\n" }, { "id": "a7699dfd-505f-4718-956d-86bd26a2a57e", "adv_source_id": "a7699dfd-505f-4718-956d-86bd26a2a57e", "source_id": "a7699dfd-505f-4718-956d-86bd26a2a57e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Onset and melting of local orbital order", "prompt": null, "generation": " The onset and melting of locally staggered charge/orbital correlations is\ninvestigated within a two-orbital correlated electron model with inter-orbital\nand inter-site Coulomb interactions. Beyond the critical doping concentration\nx_c ~ 0.2, the (pi,pi,pi) staggered orbital order in the ferromagnet is found\nto be stabilized at finite temperature. The CE-type orbital correlation\nexhibits a sharp onset close to the Curie temperature and rapid thermal\nmelting, which provides quantitative understanding of the (pi/2,pi/2,0) feature\nobserved near T_c in neutron scattering experiments. In the zig-zag AF state,\nthe CE-type orbital correlations are found to be even more readily stabilized,\nbut only within a narrow doping regime around x=0.5.\n" }, { "id": "c4872d83-1a33-49de-9517-ebb623712481", "adv_source_id": "c4872d83-1a33-49de-9517-ebb623712481", "source_id": "c4872d83-1a33-49de-9517-ebb623712481", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mid-IR properties of Seyferts: Spitzer/IRS spectroscopy of the IRAS\n 12micron Seyfert sample", "prompt": null, "generation": " We performed an analysis of the mid-infared properties of the 12micron\nSeyfert sample, a complete unbiased 12micron flux limited sample of local\nSeyfert galaxies selected from the IRAS Faint Source Catalog, based on low\nresolution spectra obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on-board\nSpitzer Space Telescope. A detailed presentation of this analysis is dicussed\nin Wu et al. (2009).\n We find that on average, the 15-30micron slope of the continuum is\n-0.85+/-0.61 for Seyfert 1s and -1.53+/-0.84 for Seyfert 2s, and there is\nsubstantial scatter in each type. Moreover, nearly 32% of Seyfert 1s, and 9% of\nSeyfert 2s, display a peak in the mid-infrared spectrum at 20micron, which is\nattributed to an additional hot dust component. The Polycyclic Aromatic\nHydrocarbon (PAH) equivalent width decreases with increasing dust temperature,\nas indicated by the global infrared color of the host galaxies. However, no\nstatistical difference in PAH equivalent width is detected between the two\nSeyfert types, 1 and 2, of the same bolometric luminosity. Finally, we propose\na new method to estimate the AGN contribution to the integrated 12micron galaxy\nemission, by subtracting the \"star formation\" component in the Seyfert\ngalaxies, making use of the tight correlation between PAH 11.2micron luminosity\nand 12micron luminosity for star forming galaxies.\n" }, { "id": "fe63825c-d292-4c2a-8a40-b198f6221743", "adv_source_id": "fe63825c-d292-4c2a-8a40-b198f6221743", "source_id": "fe63825c-d292-4c2a-8a40-b198f6221743", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unveiling the mask on the ULIRG-to-QSO transition object [H89]1821+643\n at z=0.3: a gas-poor/gas-rich galaxy merger and the implications for CO-based\n dynamical mass estimates", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the detection of the CO J=1-0 emission line in [H89]1821+643, one\nof the most optically luminous QSOs in the local Universe and a template\nULIRG-to-QSO transition object, located in a rich cool-core cluster at z=0.297.\nThe CO emission is likely to be extended, highly asymmetric with respect to the\ncenter of the host elliptical where the QSO resides, and corresponds to a\nmolecular gas mass of ~ 8.0 x 10^{9} M_sun. The dynamical mass enclosed by the\nCO line emission region could amount up to ~ 1.7x10^{12} M_sun (80% of the\ntotal mass of the elliptical host). The bulk of the CO emission is located at\n~9 kpc south-east from the nuclei position, and close to a faint optical\nstructure, suggesting that the CO emission could either represent a gas-rich\ncompanion galaxy merging with the elliptical host or a tail-like structure\nreminiscent of a previous interaction. We argue that the first scenario is more\nlikely given the large masses implied for the CO source, which would imply a\nhighly asymmetrical elliptical host. The close alignment between the CO\nemission major axis and the radio-plume suggests a possible role of the latter\nexcitation of the ambient gas reservoir. The stacking technique was used to\nsearch for CO emission and 3mm continuum emission from galaxies in the\nsurrounding cluster, however no detection was found either toward individual\ngalaxies or the stacked ensemble of galaxies, with a 3 sigma limit of <\n1.1x10^9 M_sun for the molecular gas.\n" }, { "id": "efe0d0ef-8e89-42c5-9a66-6a5b8ab860cc", "adv_source_id": "efe0d0ef-8e89-42c5-9a66-6a5b8ab860cc", "source_id": "efe0d0ef-8e89-42c5-9a66-6a5b8ab860cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Threshing in Action - The tidal disruption of a dwarf galaxy by the\n Hydra I Cluster", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on the discovery of strong tidal features around a dwarf spheroidal\ngalaxy in the Hydra I galaxy cluster, indicating its ongoing tidal disruption.\nThis very low surface brightness object, HCC-087, was originally classified as\nan early-type dwarf in the Hydra Cluster Catalogue (HCC), but our re-analysis\nof the ESO-VLT/FORS images of the HCC unearthed a clear indication of an\nS-shaped morphology and a large spatial extent. Its shape, luminosity\n(M_V=-11.6 mag), and physical size (at a half-light radius of 3.1 kpc and a\nfull length of ~5.9 kpc) are comparable to the recently discovered NGC 4449B\nand the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal, all of which are undergoing clear tidal\ndisruption. Aided by N-body simulations we argue that HCC-087 is currently at\nits first apocenter, at 150 kpc, around the cluster center and that it is being\ntidally disrupted by the galaxy cluster's potential itself. An interaction with\nthe near-by (50 kpc) S0 cluster galaxy HCC-005, at M* ~ 3 x 10^10 M_sun is\nrather unlikely, as this constellation requires a significant amount of\ndynamical friction and thus low relative velocities. The S-shaped morphology\nand large spatial extent of the satellite would, however, also appear if\nHCC-087 would orbit the cluster center. These features appear to be\ncharacteristic properties of satellites that are seen in the process of being\ntidally disrupted, independent of the environment of the destruction. An\nimportant finding of our simulations is an orientation of the tidal tails\nperpendicular to the orbit.\n" }, { "id": "422c4ce6-bb87-43c1-bac0-78251b94e55d", "adv_source_id": "422c4ce6-bb87-43c1-bac0-78251b94e55d", "source_id": "422c4ce6-bb87-43c1-bac0-78251b94e55d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Improved Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Experiment", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new measurement of the neutron EDM, using Ramsey's method of separated\noscillatory fields, is in preparation at the new high intensity source of\nultra-cold neutrons (UCN) at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland\n(PSI). The existence of a non-zero nEDM would violate both parity and time\nreversal symmetry and, given the CPT theorem, might lead to a discovery of new\nCP violating mechanisms. Already the current upper limit for the nEDM\n(|d_n|<2.9E-26 e.cm) constrains some extensions of the Standard Model.\n The new experiment aims at a two orders of magnitude reduction of the\nexperimental uncertainty, to be achieved mainly by (1) the higher UCN flux\nprovided by the new PSI source, (2) better magnetic field control with improved\nmagnetometry and (3) a double chamber configuration with opposite electric\nfield directions.\n The first stage of the experiment will use an upgrade of the RAL/Sussex/ILL\ngroup's apparatus (which has produced the current best result) moved from\nInstitut Laue-Langevin to PSI. The final accuracy will be achieved in a further\nstep with a new spectrometer, presently in the design phase.\n" }, { "id": "78ff1d65-fb40-463d-ad4f-8e26312db8fc", "adv_source_id": "78ff1d65-fb40-463d-ad4f-8e26312db8fc", "source_id": "78ff1d65-fb40-463d-ad4f-8e26312db8fc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On visualization of the linearity problem for mapping class groups of\n surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive two types of linearity conditions for mapping class groups of\norientable surfaces: one for once-punctured surface, and the other for closed\nsurface, respectively. For the once-punctured case, the condition is described\nin terms of the action of the mapping class group on the deformation space of\nlinear representations of the fundamental group of the corresponding closed\nsurface. For the closed case, the condition is described in terms of the vector\nspace generated by the isotopy classes of essential simple closed curves on the\ncorresponding surface. The latter condition also describes the linearity for\nthe mapping class group of compact orientable surface with boundary, up to\ncenter.\n" }, { "id": "89af91be-9512-4b78-a752-15a25e698077", "adv_source_id": "89af91be-9512-4b78-a752-15a25e698077", "source_id": "89af91be-9512-4b78-a752-15a25e698077", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The generalized fermion-bag approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a new approach to some four-fermion lattice field theories which\nwe call the generalized fermion bag approach. The basic idea is to identify\nunpaired fermionic degrees of freedom that cause sign problems and collect them\nin a bag. Paired fermions usually act like bosons and do not lead to sign\nproblems. A resummation of all unpaired fermion degrees of freedom inside the\nbag is sufficient to solve the fermion sign problem in a variety of interesting\ncases. Using a concept of duality we then argue that the size of the fermion\nbags is small both at strong and weak couplings. This allows us to construct\nefficient algorithms in both these limits. Using the fermion bag approach, we\nstudy the quantum phase transition of the 3D massless lattice Thirrring model\nwhich is of interest in the context of Graphene. Using our method we are able\nto solve the model on lattices as large as $40^3$ with moderate computational\nresources. We obtain the precise location of the quantum critical point and the\nvalues of the critical exponents through this study.\n" }, { "id": "3f8c9af1-e148-4f60-9423-f895bb0a59b4", "adv_source_id": "3f8c9af1-e148-4f60-9423-f895bb0a59b4", "source_id": "3f8c9af1-e148-4f60-9423-f895bb0a59b4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Discovery of fast, large-amplitude optical variability of V648 Car\n (=SS73-17)", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on the discovery of large-amplitude flickering from V648 Car (=\nSS73-17), a poorly studied object listed amongst the very few hard X-ray\nemitting symbiotic stars. We performed milli-magnitude precision optical\nphotometry with the Swope Telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, and\nfound that V648 Car shows large U-band variability over time scales of minutes.\nTo our knowledge, it is amongst the largest flickering of a symbiotic star ever\nreported. Our finding supports the hypothesis that symbiotic WDs producing hard\nX-rays are predominantly powered by accretion, rather than quasi-steady nuclear\nburning, and have masses close to the Chandrasekhar limit. No significant\nperiodicity is evident from the flickering light curve. The ASAS long-term V\nlight curve suggests the presence of a tidally distorted giant accreting via\nRoche Lobe overflow, and a binary period of about 520 days. On the basis of the\noutstanding physical properties of V648 Car as hinted by its fast and long-term\noptical variability, as well as by its nature as hard X-ray emitter, we\ntherefore call for simultaneous follow-up observations in different bands,\nideally combined with time-resolved optical spectroscopy.\n" }, { "id": "b2746de3-d450-4bc3-855f-59a4db673620", "adv_source_id": "b2746de3-d450-4bc3-855f-59a4db673620", "source_id": "b2746de3-d450-4bc3-855f-59a4db673620", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Elastic and quasi-elastic $pp$ and $\\gamma^\\star p$ scattering in the\n Dipole Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have in earlier papers presented an extension of Mueller's dipole cascade\nmodel, which includes sub-leading effects from energy conservation and running\ncoupling as well as colour suppressed saturation effects from pomeron loops via\na ``dipole swing''. The model was applied to describe the total and diffractive\ncross sections in $pp$ and $\\gamma^*p$ collisions, and also the elastic cross\nsection in $pp$ scattering.\n In this paper we extend the model to describe the corresponding quasi-elastic\ncross sections in $\\gamma^*p$, namely the exclusive production of vector mesons\nand deeply virtual compton scattering. Also for these reactions we find a good\nagrement with measured cross sections. In addition we obtain a reasonable\ndescription of the $t$-dependence of the elastic $pp$ and quasi-elastic\n$\\gamma^\\star p$ cross sections.\n" }, { "id": "2dd0df17-29ca-46e1-a208-2272dc265117", "adv_source_id": "2dd0df17-29ca-46e1-a208-2272dc265117", "source_id": "2dd0df17-29ca-46e1-a208-2272dc265117", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of the Spin-Ice Compound\n Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$: Experimental Evidence for Monopole Heat Transport", "prompt": null, "generation": " Elementary excitations in the spin-ice compound Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ can be\ndescribed as magnetic monopoles propagating independently within the pyrochlore\nlattice formed by magnetic Dy ions. We studied the magnetic-field dependence of\nthe thermal conductivity {\\kappa}(B) for B || [001] and observe clear evidence\nfor magnetic heat transport originating from the monopole excitations. The\nmagnetic contribution {\\kappa}_{mag} is strongly field-dependent and correlates\nwith the magnetization M(B). The diffusion coefficient obtained from the ratio\nof {\\kappa}_{mag} and the magnetic specific heat is strongly enhanced below 1 K\nindicating a high mobility of the monopole excitations in the spin-ice state.\n" }, { "id": "c5347efe-a4ab-42c5-b7bd-652888c38f2f", "adv_source_id": "c5347efe-a4ab-42c5-b7bd-652888c38f2f", "source_id": "c5347efe-a4ab-42c5-b7bd-652888c38f2f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global SSS space-time models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss Global Static Spherically Symmetric space-time models of mass $m$\nwith regular sources at the origin and asymptotically Minkowskian behavior at\ninfinity; the interior model and the exterior one being matched at the radius\n$R$ of the source in the sense of Lichnerowicz. The global models depend in\ngeneral on $R$ through a function $Q$ of $m$ and $R$. Although $R$ would be an\nspurious parameter if the exterior model was considered alone, it becomes\nintrinsic for the global model. The physical implication is that $R$ as well as\n$m$ determine, at some order of approximation, the dynamics of orbiting objects\nor viceversa that this dynamics puts conditions on the physical state of the\nsource.\n" }, { "id": "bd23b699-812d-4e87-8ae0-ba6a19aed0b6", "adv_source_id": "bd23b699-812d-4e87-8ae0-ba6a19aed0b6", "source_id": "bd23b699-812d-4e87-8ae0-ba6a19aed0b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasiparticle tunneling in the Moore-Read fractional quantum Hall State", "prompt": null, "generation": " In fractional quantum Hall systems, quasiparticles of fractional charge can\ntunnel between the edges at a quantum point contact. Such tunneling (or\nbackscattering) processes contribute to charge transport, and provide\ninformation on both the charge and statistics of the quasiparticles involved.\nHere we study quasiparticle tunneling in the Moore-Read state, in which\nquasiparticles of charge e/4 (non-Abelian) and e/2 (Abelian) may co-exist and\nboth contribute to edge transport. On a disk geometry, we calculate the matrix\nelements for e/2 and e/4 quasiholes to tunnel through the bulk of the\nMoore-Read state, in an attempt to understand their relative importance. We\nfind the tunneling amplitude for charge e/2 quasihole is exponentially smaller\nthan that for charge e/4 quasihole, and the ratio between them can be\n(partially) attributed to their charge difference. We find that including\nlong-range Coulomb interaction only has a weak effect on the ratio. We discuss\nbriefly the relevance of these results to recent tunneling and interferometry\nexperiments at filling factor nu=5/2.\n" }, { "id": "740d9cbd-16b4-4f80-9625-f3e97183d2d7", "adv_source_id": "740d9cbd-16b4-4f80-9625-f3e97183d2d7", "source_id": "740d9cbd-16b4-4f80-9625-f3e97183d2d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "X-Armed Bandits", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a generalization of stochastic bandits where the set of arms,\n$\\cX$, is allowed to be a generic measurable space and the mean-payoff function\nis \"locally Lipschitz\" with respect to a dissimilarity function that is known\nto the decision maker. Under this condition we construct an arm selection\npolicy, called HOO (hierarchical optimistic optimization), with improved regret\nbounds compared to previous results for a large class of problems. In\nparticular, our results imply that if $\\cX$ is the unit hypercube in a\nEuclidean space and the mean-payoff function has a finite number of global\nmaxima around which the behavior of the function is locally continuous with a\nknown smoothness degree, then the expected regret of HOO is bounded up to a\nlogarithmic factor by $\\sqrt{n}$, i.e., the rate of growth of the regret is\nindependent of the dimension of the space. We also prove the minimax optimality\nof our algorithm when the dissimilarity is a metric. Our basic strategy has\nquadratic computational complexity as a function of the number of time steps\nand does not rely on the doubling trick. We also introduce a modified strategy,\nwhich relies on the doubling trick but runs in linearithmic time. Both results\nare improvements with respect to previous approaches.\n" }, { "id": "f7412734-cd55-4493-92b8-c6169959588a", "adv_source_id": "f7412734-cd55-4493-92b8-c6169959588a", "source_id": "f7412734-cd55-4493-92b8-c6169959588a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Providing End-to-End Delay Guarantees for Multi-hop Wireless Sensor\n Networks over Unreliable Channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " Wireless sensor networks have been increasingly used for real-time\nsurveillance over large areas. In such applications, it is important to support\nend-to-end delay constraints for packet deliveries even when the corresponding\nflows require multi-hop transmissions. In addition to delay constraints, each\nflow of real-time surveillance may require some guarantees on throughput of\npackets that meet the delay constraints. Further, as wireless sensor networks\nare usually deployed in challenging environments, it is important to\nspecifically consider the effects of unreliable wireless transmissions.\n In this paper, we study the problem of providing end-to-end delay guarantees\nfor multi-hop wireless networks. We propose a model that jointly considers the\nend-to-end delay constraints and throughput requirements of flows, the need for\nmulti-hop transmissions, and the unreliable nature of wireless transmissions.\nWe develop a framework for designing feasibility-optimal policies. We then\ndemonstrate the utility of this framework by considering two types of systems:\none where sensors are equipped with full-duplex radios, and the other where\nsensors are equipped with half-duplex radios. When sensors are equipped with\nfull-duplex radios, we propose an online distributed scheduling policy and\nproves the policy is feasibility-optimal. We also provide a heuristic for\nsystems where sensors are equipped with half-duplex radios. We show that this\nheuristic is still feasibility-optimal for some topologies.\n" }, { "id": "8fcca77a-b617-4fa2-9ed7-4cc43d696e0f", "adv_source_id": "8fcca77a-b617-4fa2-9ed7-4cc43d696e0f", "source_id": "8fcca77a-b617-4fa2-9ed7-4cc43d696e0f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gauge-Higgs Unification and Radiative Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in\n Warped Extra Dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute the Coleman Weinberg effective potential for the Higgs field in RS\nGauge-Higgs unification scenarios based on a bulk SO(5) x U(1)_X gauge\nsymmetry, with gauge and fermion fields propagating in the bulk and a custodial\nsymmetry protecting the generation of large corrections to the T parameter and\nthe coupling of the Z to the bottom quark. We demonstrate that electroweak\nsymmetry breaking may be realized, with proper generation of the top and bottom\nquark masses for the same region of bulk mass parameters that lead to good\nagreement with precision electroweak data in the presence of a light Higgs. We\ncompute the Higgs mass and demonstrate that for the range of parameters for\nwhich the Higgs boson has Standard Model-like properties, the Higgs mass is\nnaturally in a range that varies between values close to the LEP experimental\nlimit and about 160 GeV. This mass range may be probed at the Tevatron and at\nthe LHC. We analyze the KK spectrum and briefly discuss the phenomenology of\nthe light resonances arising in our model.\n" }, { "id": "1925cc79-0b2d-4b0a-8d98-4afe88ab591c", "adv_source_id": "1925cc79-0b2d-4b0a-8d98-4afe88ab591c", "source_id": "1925cc79-0b2d-4b0a-8d98-4afe88ab591c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ekedahl-Oort strata of hyperelliptic curves in characteristic 2", "prompt": null, "generation": " Suppose $X$ is a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ defined over an\nalgebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p=2$. We prove that the de\nRham cohomology of $X$ decomposes into pieces indexed by the branch points of\nthe hyperelliptic cover. This allows us to compute the isomorphism class of the\n$2$-torsion group scheme $J_X[2]$ of the Jacobian of $X$ in terms of the\nEkedahl-Oort type. The interesting feature is that $J_X[2]$ depends only on\nsome discrete invariants of $X$, namely, on the ramification invariants\nassociated with the branch points. We give a complete classification of the\ngroup schemes which occur as the $2$-torsion group schemes of Jacobians of\nhyperelliptic $k$-curves of arbitrary genus.\n" }, { "id": "e69df8a2-313d-4ff8-9a17-32803664375d", "adv_source_id": "e69df8a2-313d-4ff8-9a17-32803664375d", "source_id": "e69df8a2-313d-4ff8-9a17-32803664375d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Assortative mixing in Protein Contact Networks and protein folding\n kinetics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Starting from linear chains of amino acids, the spontaneous folding of\nproteins into their elaborate three-dimensional structures is one of the\nremarkable examples of biological self-organization. We investigated native\nstate structures of 30 single-domain, two-state proteins, from complex networks\nperspective, to understand the role of topological parameters in proteins'\nfolding kinetics, at two length scales-- as ``Protein Contact Networks (PCNs)''\nand their corresponding ``Long-range Interaction Networks (LINs)'' constructed\nby ignoring the short-range interactions. Our results show that, both PCNs and\nLINs exhibit the exceptional topological property of ``assortative mixing''\nthat is absent in all other biological and technological networks studied so\nfar. We show that the degree distribution of these contact networks is partly\nresponsible for the observed assortativity. The coefficient of assortativity\nalso shows a positive correlation with the rate of protein folding at both\nshort and long contact scale, whereas, the clustering coefficients of only the\nLINs exhibit a negative correlation. The results indicate that the general\ntopological parameters of these naturally-evolved protein networks can\neffectively represent the structural and functional properties required for\nfast information transfer among the residues facilitating biochemical/kinetic\nfunctions, such as, allostery, stability, and the rate of folding.\n" }, { "id": "11887fb8-ca29-419c-b507-96fdd7973da9", "adv_source_id": "11887fb8-ca29-419c-b507-96fdd7973da9", "source_id": "11887fb8-ca29-419c-b507-96fdd7973da9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A characterization of nilpotent Leibniz algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " W. A. Moens proved that a Lie algebra is nilpotent if and only if it admits\nan invertible Leibniz-derivation. In this paper we show that with the\ndefinition of Leibniz-derivation from W. A. Moens the similar result for non\nLie Leibniz algebras is not true. Namely, we give an example of non nilpotent\nLeibniz algebra which admits an invertible Leibniz-derivation. In order to\nextend the results of paper W. A. Moens for Leibniz algebras we introduce a\ndefinition of Leibniz-derivation of Leibniz algebras which agrees with\nLeibniz-derivation of Lie algebras case. Further we prove that a Leibniz\nalgebra is nilpotent if and only if it admits an invertible Leibniz-derivation.\nMoreover, the result that solvable radical of a Lie algebra is invariant with\nrespect to a Leibniz-derivation was extended to the case of Leibniz algebras.\n" }, { "id": "c2e844ff-8281-4fa2-b399-12a480f4dc20", "adv_source_id": "c2e844ff-8281-4fa2-b399-12a480f4dc20", "source_id": "c2e844ff-8281-4fa2-b399-12a480f4dc20", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The effects of a kappa-distribution in the heliosheath on the global\n heliosphere and ENA flux at 1 AU", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate heliosheath energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes at keV\nenergies, by assuming that the heliosheath proton distribution can be\napproximated by a kappa-distribution. The choice of the kappa parameter derives\nfrom observational data of the solar wind (SW). This has direct applications to\nthe upcoming IBEX mission. We will look at all-sky ENA maps within the IBEX\nenergy range (10 eV to 6 keV), as well as ENA energy spectra in several\ndirections. We find that the use of kappa, as opposed to a Maxwellian, gives\nrise to greatly increased ENA fluxes above 1 keV, while medium energy fluxes\nare somewhat reduced. We show how IBEX data can be used to estimate the\nspectral slope in the heliosheath, and that the use of kappa reduces the\ndifferences between ENA maps at different energies. We also investigate the\neffect introducing a kappa-distribution has on the global interaction between\nthe SW and the local interstellar medium (LISM), and find that there is\ngenerally an increase in energy transport from the heliosphere into the LISM,\ndue to the modified profile of ENA's energies. This results in a termination\nshock that moves out by 4 AU, a heliopause that moves in by 9 AU and a bow\nshock 25 AU farther out, in the nose direction.\n" }, { "id": "ce853c6d-617c-4be4-b35d-0afb02ae074f", "adv_source_id": "ce853c6d-617c-4be4-b35d-0afb02ae074f", "source_id": "ce853c6d-617c-4be4-b35d-0afb02ae074f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Teleparallel Energy-Momentum Distribution of Static Axially Symmetric\n Spacetimes", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is devoted to discuss the energy-momentum for static axially\nsymmetric spacetimes in the framework of teleparallel theory of gravity. For\nthis purpose, we use the teleparallel versions of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz,\nBergmann and M$\\ddot{o}$ller prescriptions. A comparison of the results shows\nthat the energy density is different but the momentum turns out to be constant\nin each prescription. This is exactly similar to the results available in\nliterature using the framework of General Relativity. It is mentioned here that\nM$\\ddot{o}$ller energy-momentum distribution is independent of the coupling\nconstant $\\lambda$. Finally, we calculate energy-momentum distribution for the\nCurzon metric, a special case of the above mentioned spacetime.\n" }, { "id": "75925e71-00cf-46b5-8f39-8f99bd07a8ae", "adv_source_id": "75925e71-00cf-46b5-8f39-8f99bd07a8ae", "source_id": "75925e71-00cf-46b5-8f39-8f99bd07a8ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Set of equations for transient enhanced diffusion in shallow\n ion-implanted layers", "prompt": null, "generation": " To simulate the transient enhanced diffusion near the surface or interface, a\nset of equations describing the impurity diffusion and quasichemical reactions\nof dopant atoms and point defects in ion-implanted layers is proposed and\nanalyzed. The diffusion equations obtained take into account different charge\nstates of mobile or immobile species and drift the mobile species in the\nbuilt-in electric field and field of elastic stresses. The absorption of\nself-interstitials on the surface and drift of the defects due to elastic\nstresses result in the nonuniform distributions of point defects. It was shown\nanalytically and by means of numerical calculations that consideration of the\nnonuniform defect distributions enables one to explain the phenomenon of\n\"uphill\" impurity diffusion near the surface during annealing of ion-implanted\nlayers. The performed calculations of the boron concentration profile after\nannealing of a shallow implanted layer agree well with the experimental data\nconfirming the efficiency of the proposed equations.\n" }, { "id": "5488439b-5dc5-48be-93e7-ed78085feeab", "adv_source_id": "5488439b-5dc5-48be-93e7-ed78085feeab", "source_id": "5488439b-5dc5-48be-93e7-ed78085feeab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mathematical conception of the gas theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, using of the rigorous statement and rigorous proof the Maxwell\ndistribution as an example, we establish estimates of the distribution\ndepending on the parameter $N$, the number of particles. Further, we consider\nthe problem of the occurrence of dimers in a classical gas as an analog of Bose\ncondensation and establish estimates of the lower level of the analog of Bose\ncondensation. Using of the dequantization principles we find the relationship\nof this level to \"capture\" theory in the scattering problem corresponding to an\ninteraction of the form of the Lennard-Jones potential. This also solves the\nproblem of the Gibbs paradox.\n We derive the equation of state for a nonideal gas as a result of pair\ninteractions of particles in Lennard-Jones models and, for classical gases,\ndiscuss the $\\lambda$-transition to the condensed state (the state in which\n$V_{\\text{sp}}$ does not vary with increasing pressure; for heat capacity, this\nis the $\\lambda$-point).\n" }, { "id": "ad2307a0-a5c7-4253-a74f-efff2aa1cf46", "adv_source_id": "ad2307a0-a5c7-4253-a74f-efff2aa1cf46", "source_id": "ad2307a0-a5c7-4253-a74f-efff2aa1cf46", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum and classical integrable sine-Gordon model with defect", "prompt": null, "generation": " Defects which are predominant in a realistic model, usually spoil its\nintegrability or solvability. We on the other hand show the exact integrability\nof a known sine-Gordon field model with a defect (DSG), at the classical as\nwell as at the quantum level based on the Yang-Baxter equation. We find the\nassociated classical and quantum R-matrices and the underlying q-algebraic\nstructures, analyzing the exact lattice regularized model. We derive\nalgorithmically all higher conserved quantities $C_n, n=1,2,...$ of this\nintegrable DSG model, focusing explicitly on the contribution of the defect\npoint to each $C_n$. The bridging condition across the defect, defined through\nthe B\\\"acklund transformation is found to induce creation or annihilation of a\nsoliton by the defect point or its preservation with a phase shift.\n" }, { "id": "8ef00fc8-6882-4540-a3a2-b0042078fdbb", "adv_source_id": "8ef00fc8-6882-4540-a3a2-b0042078fdbb", "source_id": "8ef00fc8-6882-4540-a3a2-b0042078fdbb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Goodness of fit tests for a class of Markov random field models", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper develops goodness of fit statistics that can be used to formally\nassess Markov random field models for spatial data, when the model\ndistributions are discrete or continuous and potentially parametric. Test\nstatistics are formed from generalized spatial residuals which are collected\nover groups of nonneighboring spatial observations, called concliques. Under a\nhypothesized Markov model structure, spatial residuals within each conclique\nare shown to be independent and identically distributed as uniform variables.\nThe information from a series of concliques can be then pooled into goodness of\nfit statistics. Under some conditions, large sample distributions of these\nstatistics are explicitly derived for testing both simple and composite\nhypotheses, where the latter involves additional parametric estimation steps.\nThe distributional results are verified through simulation, and a data example\nillustrates the method for model assessment.\n" }, { "id": "1ff92b3f-321a-4919-9dd4-67d74e6426fd", "adv_source_id": "1ff92b3f-321a-4919-9dd4-67d74e6426fd", "source_id": "1ff92b3f-321a-4919-9dd4-67d74e6426fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The (sub-)millimeter SED of protoplanetary disks in the outskirts of the\n Orion Nebula Cluster", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the sub-mm/mm SED for a sample of eight young circumstellar disks\nin the outer regions of the Orion Nebula Cluster. New observations were carried\nout at 2.9 mm with the CARMA array and for one disk, 216-0939, at 3.3 and 6.8\nmm with ATCA. By combining these new millimeter data with literature\nmeasurements at sub-millimeter wavelengths we investigate grain growth and\nmeasure the dust mass in protoplanetary disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster.\nThese data provide evidence for dust grain growth to at least millimeter-sizes\nfor the first time in a high-mass star forming region. The obtained range in\nsub-mm/mm spectral index, namely 1.5-3.2, indicates that for disks in the\noutskirts of the Orion Nebula Cluster (projected distance from the cluster\ncenter between about 0.4 pc and 1.5 pc) grain growth to mm sizes occurs in the\nsame manner as disks in regions where only low-mass stars form. Finally, in our\nsample three disks are more massive than about $0.05\\,M_\\odot$, confirming that\nmassive disks are present in the outer regions of the Orion Nebula.\n" }, { "id": "f4acc886-17e5-473f-b725-7969ac59ba9e", "adv_source_id": "f4acc886-17e5-473f-b725-7969ac59ba9e", "source_id": "f4acc886-17e5-473f-b725-7969ac59ba9e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structural, electronic, and optical properties of ZrO2 from ab initio\n calculations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Structural, electronic, and optical properties for the cubic, tetragonal, and\nmonoclinic crystalline phases of ZrO2, as derived from it ab initio\nfull-relativistic calculations, are presented. The electronic structure\ncalculations were carried out by means of the all-electron full potential\nlinear augmented plane wave method, within the framework of the density\nfunctional theory and the local density approximation. The calculated carrier\neffective masses are shown to be highly anisotropic. The results obtained for\nthe real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, the reflectivity, and\nthe refraction index, show good agreement with the available experimental\nresults. In order to obtain the static dielectric constant of ZrO2, we added to\nthe electronic part, the optical phonons contribution, which leads to values of\ne1(0)~29.5, 26.2, 21.9, respectively along the xx, yy, and zz directions, for\nthe monoclinic phase, in excellent accordance with experiment. Relativistic\neffects, including the spin-orbit interaction, are demonstrated to be important\nfor a better evaluation of the effective mass values, and in the detailed\nstructure of the frequency dependent complex dielectric function.\n" }, { "id": "d0f32dfc-7454-4cd9-ab67-5160ee82df6c", "adv_source_id": "d0f32dfc-7454-4cd9-ab67-5160ee82df6c", "source_id": "d0f32dfc-7454-4cd9-ab67-5160ee82df6c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Momentum reconstruction at the LHC for probing CP-violation in the stop\n sector", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the potential to observe CP-violating effects in SUSY stop cascade\ndecay chains at the LHC. Asymmetries composed by triple products of momenta of\nthe final state particles are sensitive to CP-violating effects. Due to large\nboosts that dilute the asymmetries, these can be difficult to observe. If all\nparticle masses in a cascade decay are known, it may be possible to reconstruct\nall momenta in the decay chains on an event-by-event basis even when we have\nmissing momentum due to a stable LSP. After the reconstruction, the non-diluted\nCP-violating signal can be recovered and gets significantly enhanced so that an\nobservation may become feasible. A fully hadronic study has been completed to\ndefine the areas of the mSUGRA parameter space that may yield a 3-sigma\nobservation with 500 fb^(-1) at the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "cdb8f59d-fbf6-4f91-bc76-a80778f92ed6", "adv_source_id": "cdb8f59d-fbf6-4f91-bc76-a80778f92ed6", "source_id": "cdb8f59d-fbf6-4f91-bc76-a80778f92ed6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Long term Arecibo monitoring of the water megamaser in MG J0414+0534", "prompt": null, "generation": " We monitored the 22 GHz maser line in the lensed quasar MG J0414+0534 at\nz=2.64 with the 300-m Arecibo telescope for almost two years to detect possible\nadditional maser components and to measure a potential velocity drift of the\nlines. The main maser line profile is complex and can be resolved into a number\nof broad features with line widths of 30-160 km/s. A new maser component was\ntentatively detected in October 2008 at a velocity of +470 km/s. After\ncorrecting for the estimated lens magnification, we find that the H2O isotropic\nluminosity of the maser in MG J0414+0534 is about 26,000 solar luminosities,\nmaking this source the most luminous ever discovered. Both the main line peak\nand continuum flux densities are surprisingly stable throughout the period of\nthe observations. An upper limit on the velocity drift of the main peak of the\nline has been estimated from our observations and is of the order of 2 km/s per\nyear. We discuss the results of the monitoring in terms of the possible nature\nof the maser emission, associated with an accretion disk or a radio jet. This\nis the first time that such a study is performed in a water maser source at\nhigh redshift, potentially allowing us to study the parsec-scale environment\naround a powerful radio source at cosmological distances.\n" }, { "id": "38f22a92-195f-40ad-8abe-436bf71d4425", "adv_source_id": "38f22a92-195f-40ad-8abe-436bf71d4425", "source_id": "38f22a92-195f-40ad-8abe-436bf71d4425", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enhanced response of current-driven coupled quantum wells", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have investigated the conditions necessary to achieve stronger\nCherenkov-like instability of plasma waves leading to emission in the terahertz\n(THz) regime for semiconductor quantum wells (QWs). The surface response\nfunction is calculated for a bilayer two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system\nin the presence of a periodic spatial modulation of the equilibrium electron\ndensity. The 2DEG layers are coupled to surface plasmons arising from\nexcitations of free carriers in the bulk region between the layers. A current\nis passed through one of the layers and is characterized by a drift velocity\nfor the driven electric charge. By means of a surface response function\nformalism, the plasmon dispersion equation is obtained as a function of angular\nfrequency, the in-plane wave vector and reciprocal lattice vector of the\ndensity modulation. The dispersion equation,is solved numerically in the\ncomplex frequency plane for real wave vector. It is ascertained that the\nimaginary part of the angular frequency is enhanced with decreasing period of\nmodulation, and with increasing the doping density of the free carriers in the\nbulk medium for fixed period of the spatial modulation.\n" }, { "id": "49b5da4e-44b6-4e8f-aa1f-d1d8316edf35", "adv_source_id": "49b5da4e-44b6-4e8f-aa1f-d1d8316edf35", "source_id": "49b5da4e-44b6-4e8f-aa1f-d1d8316edf35", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Out of the frying pan: a young pulsar with a long radio trail emerging\n from SNR G315.9-0.0", "prompt": null, "generation": " The faint radio supernova remnant SNR G315.9-0.0 is notable for a long and\nthin trail that extends outward perpendicular from the edge of its\napproximately circular shell. In a search with the Parkes telescope we have\nfound a young and energetic pulsar that is located at the tip of this\ncollimated linear structure. PSR J1437-5959 has period P = 61 ms,\ncharacteristic age tau_c = 114 kyr, and spin-down luminosity dE/dt = 1.4e36\nerg/s. It is very faint, with a flux density at 1.4 GHz of about 75 uJy. From\nits dispersion measure of 549 pc/cc, we infer d ~ 8 kpc. At this distance and\nfor an age comparable to tau_c, the implied pulsar velocity in the plane of the\nsky is V_t = 300 km/s for a birth at the center of the SNR, although it is\npossible that the SNR/pulsar system is younger than tau_c and that V_t > 300\nkm/s. The highly collimated linear feature is evidently the pulsar wind trail\nleft from the supersonic passage of PSR J1437-5959 through the interstellar\nmedium surrounding SNR G315.9-0.0.\n" }, { "id": "8507ec1c-f162-4263-ad1c-c2d7f94b104f", "adv_source_id": "8507ec1c-f162-4263-ad1c-c2d7f94b104f", "source_id": "8507ec1c-f162-4263-ad1c-c2d7f94b104f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Tidal Tails of NGC 5466", "prompt": null, "generation": " The study of substructure in the stellar halo of the Milky Way has made a lot\nof progress in recent years, especially with the advent of surveys like the\nSloan Digital Sky Survey. Here, we study the newly discovered tidal tails of\nthe Galactic globular cluster NGC 5466. By means of numerical simulations, we\nreproduce the shape, direction and surface density of the tidal tails, as well\nas the structural and kinematical properties of the present-day NGC 5466.\nAlthough its tails are very extended in SDSS data (> 45 degrees), NGC 5466 is\nonly losing mass slowly at the present epoch and so can survive for probably a\nfurther Hubble time. The effects of tides at perigalacticon and disc crossing\nare the dominant causes of the slow dissolution of NGC 5466, accounting for\nabout 60 % of the mass loss over the course of its evolution. The morphology of\nthe tails provides a constraint on the proper motion -- the observationally\ndetermined proper motion has to be refined (within the stated error margins) to\nmatch the location of the tidal tails.\n" }, { "id": "753f5588-8c9b-4ed1-8bba-71f9df54946c", "adv_source_id": "753f5588-8c9b-4ed1-8bba-71f9df54946c", "source_id": "753f5588-8c9b-4ed1-8bba-71f9df54946c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Soliton Interactions for a Hierarchy of Generalized Heisenberg\n Ferromagnetic Models on SU(3)/S(U(1) $\\times$ U(2)) Symmetric Space", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider an integrable hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEE)\nrelated to linear bundle Lax operator L. The Lax representation is Z2 \\times Z2\nreduced and is naturally associated with the symmetric space SU(3)/S(U(1)\n\\times U(2)). The simplest nontrivial equation in the hierarchy is a\ngeneralization of Heisenberg ferromagnetic model. We construct the N-soliton\nsolutions for an arbitrary member of the hierarchy by using the Zakharov-Shabat\ndressing method with an appropriately chosen dressing factor. Two types of\nsoliton solutions: quadruplet and doublet solitons are found. The one-soliton\nsolutions of NLEEs with even and odd dispersion laws have different properties.\nIn particular, the one-soliton solutions for NLEEs with even dispersion laws\nare not traveling waves; their velocities and their amplitudes are time\ndependent. Calculating the asymptotics of the N-soliton solutions for t\n\\rightarrow \\pm \\infty we analyze the interactions of quadruplet solitons.\n" }, { "id": "eaadf64c-91bf-49f1-b3a2-75225f0adf12", "adv_source_id": "eaadf64c-91bf-49f1-b3a2-75225f0adf12", "source_id": "eaadf64c-91bf-49f1-b3a2-75225f0adf12", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Change in Jupiter's Moment of Inertia due to Core Erosion and\n Planetary Contraction", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the change in Jupiter's normalized axial moment of inertia (NMOI)\nassuming that Jupiter undergoes core erosion. It is found that Jupiter's\ncontraction combined with an erosion of 20 M_Earth from a primordial core of 30\nM_Earth can change Jupiter's NMOI over time significantly. It is shown that\nJupiter's NMOI could have changed from ~0.235 to ~0.264 throughout its\nevolution. We find that a NMOI value of ~0.235 as suggested by dynamical models\n(Ward & Canup, 2006, ApJ, 640, L91) could, in principle, be consistent with\nJupiter's primordial internal structure. Low NMOI values, however, persist only\nfor the first ~ 10^6 years of Jupiter's evolution. Re-evaluation of dynamical\nstability models as well as more sophisticated evolution models of Jupiter with\ncore erosion seem to be required in order to provide more robust estimates for\nJupiter's primordial NMOI.\n" }, { "id": "8378670b-f4fd-40ea-abad-1db894b1fd52", "adv_source_id": "8378670b-f4fd-40ea-abad-1db894b1fd52", "source_id": "8378670b-f4fd-40ea-abad-1db894b1fd52", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Towards a non-perturbative measurement of the heavy quark momentum\n diffusion coefficient", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on a lattice investigation of heavy quark diffusion within pure\nSU(3) plasma above the deconfinement transition, with the quarks treated to\nleading order in the heavy mass expansion. Using a multilevel algorithm,\nseveral volumes and lattice spacings, as well as tree-level improvement and\nperturbative renormalization, we measure the relevant \"colour-electric\"\nEuclidean correlator, finding that it clearly exceeds its perturbative\ncounterpart. Even without analytic continuation, this suggests that at\ntemperatures just above the critical one, non-perturbative interactions felt by\nthe heavy quarks are stronger than within the weak-coupling expansion. After\nintroducing rough modelling of the spectral shape, diffusion coefficients down\nto D ~ 0.5/T appear possible.\n" }, { "id": "be7f54ad-77e6-4a06-b95e-4a837405c5df", "adv_source_id": "be7f54ad-77e6-4a06-b95e-4a837405c5df", "source_id": "be7f54ad-77e6-4a06-b95e-4a837405c5df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Light-Front Holography and AdS/QCD Correspondence", "prompt": null, "generation": " Light-Front Holography is a remarkable consequence of the correspondence\nbetween string theory in AdS space and conformal field theories in\nphysical-space time. It allows string modes $\\Phi(z)$ in the AdS fifth\ndimension to be precisely mapped to the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in\nterms of a specific light-front impact variable $\\zeta$ which measures the\nseparation of the quark and gluonic constituents within the hadron. This\nmapping was originally obtained by matching the exact expression for\nelectromagnetic current matrix elements in AdS space with the corresponding\nexact expression for the current matrix element using light-front theory in\nphysical space-time. More recently we have shown that one obtains the identical\nholographic mapping using matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor, thus\nproviding an important consistency test and verification of holographic mapping\nfrom AdS to physical observables defined on the light-front. The resulting\nlight-front Schrodinger equations predicted from AdS/QCD give a good\nrepresentation of the observed meson and baryon spectra and give excellent\nphenomenological predictions for amplitudes such as electromagnetic form\nfactors and decay constants.\n" }, { "id": "a65dd991-f23b-4896-aac9-dccfadb72d2b", "adv_source_id": "a65dd991-f23b-4896-aac9-dccfadb72d2b", "source_id": "a65dd991-f23b-4896-aac9-dccfadb72d2b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Basic randomness of nature and ether-drift experiments", "prompt": null, "generation": " We re-consider the idea that quantum fluctuations might reflect the existence\nof an 'objective randomness', i.e. a basic property of the vacuum state which\nis independent of any experimental accuracy of the observations or limited\nknowledge of initial conditions. Besides being responsible for the observed\nquantum behaviour, this might introduce a weak, residual form of `noise' which\nis intrinsic to natural phenomena and could be important for the emergence of\ncomplexity at higher physical levels. By adopting Stochastic Electro Dynamics\nas a heuristic model, we are driven to a picture of the vacuum as a form of\nhighly turbulent ether, which is deep-rooted into the basic foundational\naspects of both quantum physics and relativity, and to search for experimental\ntests of this scenario. An analysis of the most precise ether-drift\nexperiments, operating both at room temperature and in the cryogenic regime,\nshows that, at present, there is some ambiguity in the interpretation of the\ndata. In fact the average amplitude of the signal has precisely the magnitude\nexpected, in a 'Lorentzian' form of relativity, from an underlying stochastic\nether and, as such, might not be a spurious instrumental effect. This puzzle,\nhowever, should be solved in a next future with the use of new cryogenically\ncooled optical resonators whose stability should improve by about two orders of\nmagnitude. In these new experimental conditions, the persistence of the present\namplitude would represent a clean evidence for the type of random vacuum we are\nenvisaging.\n" }, { "id": "f7a10693-4bd5-426e-8280-6fdfcd390a97", "adv_source_id": "f7a10693-4bd5-426e-8280-6fdfcd390a97", "source_id": "f7a10693-4bd5-426e-8280-6fdfcd390a97", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Foraging under conditions of short-term exploitative competition: The\n case of stock traders", "prompt": null, "generation": " Theory purports that animal foraging choices evolve to maximize returns, such\nas net energy intake. Empirical research in both human and nonhuman animals\nreveals that individuals often attend to the foraging choices of their\ncompetitors while making their own foraging choices. Due to the complications\nof gathering field data or constructing experiments, however, broad facts\nrelating theoretically optimal and empirically realized foraging choices are\nonly now emerging. Here, we analyze foraging choices of a cohort of\nprofessional day traders who must choose between trading the same stock\nmultiple times in a row---patch exploitation---or switching to a different\nstock---patch exploration---with potentially higher returns. We measure the\ndifference between a trader's resource intake and the competitors' expected\nintake within a short period of time---a difference we call short-term\ncomparative returns. We find that traders' choices can be explained by foraging\nheuristics that maximize their daily short-term comparative returns. However,\nwe find no one-best relationship between different trading choices and net\nincome intake. This suggests that traders' choices can be short-term win\noriented and, paradoxically, maybe maladaptive for absolute market returns.\n" }, { "id": "514eac02-3386-4708-ab17-7ddc7dbd1a39", "adv_source_id": "514eac02-3386-4708-ab17-7ddc7dbd1a39", "source_id": "514eac02-3386-4708-ab17-7ddc7dbd1a39", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Limit shape of random convex polygonal lines: Even more universality", "prompt": null, "generation": " The paper concerns the limit shape (under some probability measure) of convex\npolygonal lines with vertices on $\\mathbb{Z}_+^2$, starting at the origin and\nwith the right endpoint $n=(n_1,n_2)\\to\\infty$. In the case of the uniform\nmeasure, an explicit limit shape $\\gamma^*:=\\{(x_1,x_2)\\in\\mathbb{R}_+^2\\colon\n\\sqrt{1-x_1}+\\sqrt{x_2}=1\\}$ was found independently by Vershik (1994),\nB\\'ar\\'any (1995), and Sinai (1994). Recently, Bogachev and Zarbaliev (2011)\nproved that the limit shape $\\gamma^*$ is universal for a certain parametric\nfamily of multiplicative probability measures generalizing the uniform\ndistribution. In the present work, the universality result is extended to a\nmuch wider class of multiplicative measures, including (but not limited to)\nanalogs of the three meta-types of decomposable combinatorial structures --\nmultisets, selections and assemblies. This result is in sharp contrast with the\none-dimensional case where the limit shape of Young diagrams associated with\ninteger partitions heavily depends on the distributional type.\n" }, { "id": "578c6efb-3f4e-4776-b26d-f3a01614704e", "adv_source_id": "578c6efb-3f4e-4776-b26d-f3a01614704e", "source_id": "578c6efb-3f4e-4776-b26d-f3a01614704e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Control of magnetism in cobalt nanoparticles by oxygen passivation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on the preparation of ferromagnetic cobalt nanospheres with\nantiferromagnetic oxide capping layer and its implication for the variation in\nmagnetic property. The hcp cobalt nanospheres were prepared by thermal\ndecomposition of cobalt carbonyl in the presence of organic surfactants. The\nspherical nanoparticles thus prepared were oxidized to grow antiferromagnetic\nlayers of varying composition and thickness on top of cobalt spheres. High\nresolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed growth of Co3O4 in one\ncase and CoO in another case. Strong exchange anisotropy and enhanced coercive\nfield was observed due to the core-shell structure in Co-CoO system. On the\nother hand only a marginal improvement was seen in Co-Co3O4 system. A low\ntemperature paramagnetic behavior was also observed that is interpreted in the\nframework of crystal defects in the oxide shell.\n" }, { "id": "9f8f0027-ea6d-401d-af8f-a9dd55f2a094", "adv_source_id": "9f8f0027-ea6d-401d-af8f-a9dd55f2a094", "source_id": "9f8f0027-ea6d-401d-af8f-a9dd55f2a094", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Relating timed and register automata", "prompt": null, "generation": " Timed automata and register automata are well-known models of computation\nover timed and data words respectively. The former has clocks that allow to\ntest the lapse of time between two events, whilst the latter includes registers\nthat can store data values for later comparison. Although these two models\nbehave in appearance differently, several decision problems have the same\n(un)decidability and complexity results for both models. As a prominent\nexample, emptiness is decidable for alternating automata with one clock or\nregister, both with non-primitive recursive complexity. This is not by chance.\n This work confirms that there is indeed a tight relationship between the two\nmodels. We show that a run of a timed automaton can be simulated by a register\nautomaton, and conversely that a run of a register automaton can be simulated\nby a timed automaton. Our results allow to transfer complexity and decidability\nresults back and forth between these two kinds of models. We justify the\nusefulness of these reductions by obtaining new results on register automata.\n" }, { "id": "9db1e447-fa35-43db-b279-f233ccd4fc66", "adv_source_id": "9db1e447-fa35-43db-b279-f233ccd4fc66", "source_id": "9db1e447-fa35-43db-b279-f233ccd4fc66", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Boundary-induced heterogeneous absorbing states", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study two different types of systems with many absorbing states (with and\nwithout a conservation law) and scrutinize the effect of walls/boundaries\n(either absorbing or reflecting) into them. In some cases, non-trivial\nstructured absorbing configurations (characterized by a background field)\ndevelop around the wall. We study such structures using a mean-field approach\nas well as computer simulations. The main results are: i) for systems in the\ndirected percolation class, a very fast (exponential) convergence of the\nbackground to its bulk value is observed; ii) for systems with a conservation\nlaw, power-law decaying landscapes are induced by both types of walls: while\nfor absorbing walls this effect is already present in the mean-field\napproximation, for reflecting walls the structured background is a\nnoise-induced effect. The landscapes are shown to converge to their asymptotic\nbulk values with an exponent equal to the inverse of the bulk correlation\nlength exponent. Finally, the implications of these results in the context of\nself-organizing systems are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "310f486e-3e09-48f8-bed1-ce140be34dc6", "adv_source_id": "310f486e-3e09-48f8-bed1-ce140be34dc6", "source_id": "310f486e-3e09-48f8-bed1-ce140be34dc6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic phases in the one-dimensional Kondo chain on a metallic surface", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the low-temperature properties of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain\nof magnetic impurities coupled to a (normal) metal environment by means of\nanisotropic Kondo exchange. In the case of easy-plane anisotropy, we obtain the\nphase diagram of this system at T=0. We show that the in-plane Kondo coupling\ndestabilizes the Tomonaga-Luttinger phase of the spin-chain, and leads to two\ndifferent phases: i) At strong Kondo coupling, the spins in the chain form\nKondo singlets and become screened by the metallic environment, and ii) At weak\nand intermediate Kondo coupling, we find a novel dissipative phase\ncharacterized by diffusive gapless spin excitations. The two phases are\nseparated by a quantum critical point of the Wilson-Fisher universality class\nwith dynamical exponent $z\\simeq2$.\n" }, { "id": "91bd687c-71d3-4e5b-bcb8-510bd309b456", "adv_source_id": "91bd687c-71d3-4e5b-bcb8-510bd309b456", "source_id": "91bd687c-71d3-4e5b-bcb8-510bd309b456", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The death of massive stars - II. Observational constraints on the\n progenitors of type Ibc supernovae", "prompt": null, "generation": " The progenitors of many type II core-collapse supernovae have now been\nidentified directly on pre-discovery imaging. Here we present an extensive\nsearch for the progenitors of type Ibc supernovae in all available\npre-discovery imaging since 1998. There are 12 type Ibc supernovae with no\ndetections of progenitors in either deep ground-based or Hubble Space Telescope\narchival imaging. The deepest absolute BVR magnitude limits are between -4 and\n-5. We compare these limits with the observed Wolf-Rayet population in the\nLarge Magellanic Cloud and estimate a 16 per cent probability we have failed to\ndetect such a progenitor by chance. Alternatively the progenitors evolve\nsignificantly before core-collapse or we have underestimated the extinction\ntowards the progenitors. Reviewing the relative rates and ejecta mass estimates\nfrom lightcurve modelling of Ibc SNe, we find both incompatible with Wolf-Rayet\nstars with initial masses >25Msun being the only progenitors. We present binary\nevolution models that fit these observational constraints. Stars in binaries\nwith initial masses <20Msun lose their hydrogen envelopes in binary\ninteractions to become low mass helium stars. They retain a low mass hydrogen\nenvelope until approximately 10,000 years before core-collapse; hence it is not\nsurprising that galactic analogues have been difficult to identify.\n" }, { "id": "f4923a98-f7f7-495c-b332-2f78385032bd", "adv_source_id": "f4923a98-f7f7-495c-b332-2f78385032bd", "source_id": "f4923a98-f7f7-495c-b332-2f78385032bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lenticular galaxies at the outskirts of the Leo II group: NGC 3599 and\n NGC 3626", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have studied unbarred S0 galaxies, NGC 3599 and NGC 3626, the members of\nthe X-ray bright group Leo II, by means of 3D spectroscopy, long-slit\nspectroscopy, and imaging, with the aim to identify epoch and mechanismsof\ntheir transformation from spirals. Both galaxies have appeared to bear a\ncomplex of features resulting obviously from minor merging: decoupled gas\nkinematics, nuclear starforming rings, and multi-tiered oval large-scale\nstellar disks. The weak-emission line nucleus of NGC 3599 bears all signs of\nthe Seyfert activity, according to the line-ratio diagnostics of the gas\nexcitation mechanism. After all, we conclude that the transformation of these\nlenticular galaxies has had place about 1-2 Gyr ago, through the gravitational\nmechanisms not related to hot intragroup medium of Leo II.\n" }, { "id": "ef375f75-0e10-4ad7-9be4-ab1356d5052a", "adv_source_id": "ef375f75-0e10-4ad7-9be4-ab1356d5052a", "source_id": "ef375f75-0e10-4ad7-9be4-ab1356d5052a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structural, chemical and electronic properties of the Co2MnSi(001)/MgO\n interface", "prompt": null, "generation": " The performance of advanced magnetic tunnel junctions build of ferromagnetic\n(FM) electrodes and MgO as insulating barrier depends decisively on the\nproperties of the FM/insulator interface. Here, we investigate interface\nformation between the half-metallic compound Co2MnSi (CMS) and MgO by means of\nAuger electron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction and low energy\nphotoemission. The studies are performed for different annealing temperatures\nTA and MgO layer coverages (4, 6, 10, 20 and 50 ML). Thin MgO top layers\n(t_MgO<=10 ML) show distinct surface crystalline distortions, which can only be\npartly healed out by annealing and furthermore lead to distinct adsorption of\ncarbon species after the MgO surface is exposed to air. For t_MgO> 10 ML the\nMgO layer surface exhibits clearly improved crystalline structure and hence\nonly marginal amounts of adsorbates. We attribute these findings to MgO misfit\ndislocations occurring at the interface, inducing further defects throughout\nthe MgO layer for up to at least 10 ML. Furthermore, spin-polarized\nphotoemission spectra of the CMS/MgO interface are obtained for MgO coverages\nup to 20 ML, showing a clear positive spin polarization near the Fermi energy\nin all cases.\n" }, { "id": "ac9b157b-248c-4fb6-adba-639e0ea0ac0b", "adv_source_id": "ac9b157b-248c-4fb6-adba-639e0ea0ac0b", "source_id": "ac9b157b-248c-4fb6-adba-639e0ea0ac0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal Inverter VAR Control in Distribution Systems with High PV\n Penetration", "prompt": null, "generation": " The intent of the study detailed in this paper is to demonstrate the benefits\nof inverter var control on a fast timescale to mitigate rapid and large voltage\nfluctuations due to the high penetration of photovoltaic generation and the\nresulting reverse power flow. Our approach is to formulate the volt/var control\nas a radial optimal power flow (OPF) problem to minimize line losses and energy\nconsumption, subject to constraints on voltage magnitudes. An efficient\nsolution to the radial OPF problem is presented and used to study the structure\nof optimal inverter var injection and the net benefits, taking into account the\nadditional cost of inverter losses when operating at non-unity power factor.\nThis paper will illustrate how, depending on the circuit topology and its\nloading condition, the inverter's optimal reactive power injection is not\nnecessarily monotone with respect to their real power output. The results are\ndemonstrated on a distribution feeder on the Southern California Edison system\nthat has a very light load and a 5 MW photovoltaic (PV) system installed away\nfrom the substation.\n" }, { "id": "bff84657-c6c8-446d-a5c9-90e8f314c4cb", "adv_source_id": "bff84657-c6c8-446d-a5c9-90e8f314c4cb", "source_id": "bff84657-c6c8-446d-a5c9-90e8f314c4cb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observational constraints on AGB mass loss and its effect on AGB\n evolution", "prompt": null, "generation": " This review discusses some of the observational constraints on what we know\nabout the mass loss experienced by stars in the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB)\nphase of evolution. Mass loss affects the maximum mass attained by the core of\nan AGB star and hence its fate as a white dwarf or potentially a supernova. The\nway mass loss depends on stellar initial parameters and time affects the yield\nfrom AGB stars, in terms of elemental abundances and types of dust. The role of\npulsation, dust formation, chromospheres and other mechanisms which may\ncontribute to mass loss are assessed against observational evidence, and\nsuggestions are made for observations which could force significant new\nprogress in this field in the first decades of the 21st century. A better\nunderstanding of AGB mass loss may be gained from a combination with studies of\nfirst ascent red giant branch (RGB) stars and red supergiants, through\npopulation studies and in different environments.\n" }, { "id": "cc7a2a25-86e8-4dcc-83b3-4b83b57544d6", "adv_source_id": "cc7a2a25-86e8-4dcc-83b3-4b83b57544d6", "source_id": "cc7a2a25-86e8-4dcc-83b3-4b83b57544d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rewriting Ontological Queries into Small Nonrecursive Datalog Programs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the setting of ontological database access, where an Abox is\ngiven in form of a relational database D and where a Boolean conjunctive query\nq has to be evaluated against D modulo a Tbox T formulated in DL-Lite or Linear\nDatalog+/-. It is well-known that (T,q) can be rewritten into an equivalent\nnonrecursive Datalog program P that can be directly evaluated over D. However,\nfor Linear Datalog? or for DL-Lite versions that allow for role inclusion, the\nrewriting methods described so far result in a nonrecursive Datalog program P\nof size exponential in the joint size of T and q. This gives rise to the\ninteresting question of whether such a rewriting necessarily needs to be of\nexponential size. In this paper we show that it is actually possible to\ntranslate (T,q) into a polynomially sized equivalent nonrecursive Datalog\nprogram P.\n" }, { "id": "ca249d59-16f6-4766-b5b7-b396d7790b1a", "adv_source_id": "ca249d59-16f6-4766-b5b7-b396d7790b1a", "source_id": "ca249d59-16f6-4766-b5b7-b396d7790b1a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Convex Stochastic Optimization Problem Arising from Portfolio\n Selection", "prompt": null, "generation": " A continuous-time financial portfolio selection model with expected utility\nmaximization typically boils down to solving a (static) convex stochastic\noptimization problem in terms of the terminal wealth, with a budget constraint.\nIn literature the latter is solved by assuming {\\it a priori} that the problem\nis well-posed (i.e., the supremum value is finite) and a Lagrange multiplier\nexists (and as a consequence the optimal solution is attainable). In this paper\nit is first shown, via various counter-examples, neither of these two\nassumptions needs to hold, and an optimal solution does not necessarily exist.\nThese anomalies in turn have important interpretations in and impacts on the\nportfolio selection modeling and solutions. Relations among the non-existence\nof the Lagrange multiplier, the ill-posedness of the problem, and the\nnon-attainability of an optimal solution are then investigated. Finally,\nexplicit and easily verifiable conditions are derived which lead to finding the\nunique optimal solution.\n" }, { "id": "2c156aba-66db-4410-9e34-5a01ba47172c", "adv_source_id": "2c156aba-66db-4410-9e34-5a01ba47172c", "source_id": "2c156aba-66db-4410-9e34-5a01ba47172c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum metrology with imperfect states and detectors", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum enhancements of precision in metrology can be compromised by system\nimperfections. These may be mitigated by appropriate optimization of the input\nstate to render it robust, at the expense of making the state difficult to\nprepare. In this paper, we identify the major sources of imperfection an\noptical sensor: input state preparation inefficiency, sensor losses, and\ndetector inefficiency. The second of these has received much attention; we show\nthat it is the least damaging to surpassing the standard quantum limit in a\noptical interferometric sensor. Further, we show that photonic states that can\nbe prepared in the laboratory using feasible resources allow a measurement\nstrategy using photon-number-resolving detectors that not only attains the\nHeisenberg limit for phase estimation in the absence of losses, but also\ndeliver close to the maximum possible precision in realistic scenarios\nincluding losses and inefficiencies. In particular, we give bounds for the\ntrade off between the three sources of imperfection that will allow true\nquantum-enhanced optical metrology.\n" }, { "id": "730da64b-a993-4ec7-8a7a-b18c0bc35956", "adv_source_id": "730da64b-a993-4ec7-8a7a-b18c0bc35956", "source_id": "730da64b-a993-4ec7-8a7a-b18c0bc35956", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Top quark and leptonic charge asymmetries for the Tevatron and LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute, for $t \\bar t$ production at the LHC and at the Tevatron, several\ncharge asymmetries to NLO QCD, including also the electromagnetic and\nweak-interaction corrections. We calculate these asymmetries both inclusively\nand with additional kinematic cuts and compare our results, where possible,\nwith recent experimental results and with SM predictions. The $t \\bar t$\nasymmetries induce also corresponding asymmetries for the charged leptons from\nsemileptonic top-quark decay. Although these asymmetries are, in the SM,\nsmaller than the corresponding ones for top quarks, they are expected to be\nmeasurable quite precisely. In fact, measurement of a lepton asymmetry in\n$\\ell$ + jets events was reported by the D$\\emptyset$ and CDF experiments. We\nanalyze and compute to NLO in the gauge couplings leptonic charge asymmetries\nfor dileptonic and semileptonic $\\ttbar$ events, with and without acceptance\ncuts, at the Tevatron and the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "27c34fe4-de53-4eb3-aaa8-65614201d10b", "adv_source_id": "27c34fe4-de53-4eb3-aaa8-65614201d10b", "source_id": "27c34fe4-de53-4eb3-aaa8-65614201d10b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in 2D II: Redshift-space halo clustering in\n N-body simulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We measure the halo power spectrum in redshift space from cosmological N-body\nsimulations, and test the analytical models of redshift distortions\nparticularly focusing on the scales of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs).\nRemarkably, the measured halo power spectrum in redshift space exhibits a\nlarge-scale enhancement in amplitude relative to the real-space clustering, and\nthe effect becomes significant for the massive or highly biased halo samples.\nThese findings cannot be simply explained by the so-called streaming model\nfrequently used in the literature. By contrast, a physically-motivated\nperturbation theory model developed in the previous paper reproduces the halo\npower spectrum very well, and the model combining a simple linear\nscale-dependent bias can accurately characterize the clustering anisotropies of\nhalos in two dimensions, i.e., line-of-sight and its perpendicular directions.\nThe results highlight the significance of non-linear coupling between density\nand velocity fields associated with two competing effects of redshift\ndistortions, i.e., Kaiser and Finger-of-God effects, and a proper account of\nthis effect would be important in accurately characterizing the BAOs in two\ndimensions.\n" }, { "id": "70d2019f-9f17-432b-bf9c-3c95b819e7dd", "adv_source_id": "70d2019f-9f17-432b-bf9c-3c95b819e7dd", "source_id": "70d2019f-9f17-432b-bf9c-3c95b819e7dd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Critical behavior of a water monolayer under hydrophobic confinement", "prompt": null, "generation": " The properties of water can have a strong dependence on the confinement.\nHere, we consider a water monolayer nanoconfined between hydrophobic parallel\nwalls under conditions that prevent its crystallization. We investigate, by\nsimulations of a many-body coarse-grained water model, how the properties of\nthe liquid are affected by the confinement. We show, by studying the response\nfunctions and the correlation length and by performing finite-size scaling of\nthe appropriate order parameter, that at low temperature the monolayer\nundergoes a liquid-liquid phase transition ending in a critical point in the\nuniversality class of the two-dimensional (2D) Ising model. Surprisingly, by\nreducing the linear size L of the walls, keeping the walls separation h\nconstant, we find a 2D-3D crossover for the universality class of the\nliquid-liquid critical point for L/h~50, i.e. for a monolayer thickness that is\nsmall compared to its extension. This result is drastically different from what\nis reported for simple liquids, where the crossover occurs for L/h ~ 5, and is\nconsistent with experimental results and atomistic simulations. We shed light\non these findings showing that they are a consequence of the strong\ncooperativity and the low coordination number of the hydrogen bond network that\ncharacterizes water.\n" }, { "id": "7d604f68-7cef-4968-ba58-7eee85fdeaa5", "adv_source_id": "7d604f68-7cef-4968-ba58-7eee85fdeaa5", "source_id": "7d604f68-7cef-4968-ba58-7eee85fdeaa5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cosmological perturbations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We review the study of inhomogeneous perturbations about a homogeneous and\nisotropic background cosmology. We adopt a coordinate based approach, but give\ngeometrical interpretations of metric perturbations in terms of the expansion,\nshear and curvature of constant-time hypersurfaces and the orthogonal timelike\nvector field. We give the gauge transformation rules for metric and matter\nvariables at first and second order. We show how gauge invariant variables are\nconstructed by identifying geometric or matter variables in physically-defined\ncoordinate systems, and give the relations between many commonly used\ngauge-invariant variables. In particular we show how the Einstein equations or\nenergy-momentum conservation can be used to obtain simple evolution equations\nat linear order, and discuss extensions to non-linear order. We present\nevolution equations for systems with multiple interacting fluids and scalar\nfields, identifying adiabatic and entropy perturbations. As an application we\nconsider the origin of primordial curvature and isocurvature perturbations from\nfield perturbations during inflation in the very early universe.\n" }, { "id": "d7fe2144-2609-474e-aa4e-2f948e2630d8", "adv_source_id": "d7fe2144-2609-474e-aa4e-2f948e2630d8", "source_id": "d7fe2144-2609-474e-aa4e-2f948e2630d8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Integral equation method for the electromagnetic wave propagation in\n stratified anisotropic dielectric-magnetic materials", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in stratified\nanisotropic dielectric-magnetic materials using the integral equation method\n(IEM). Based on the superposition principle, we use Hertz vector formulations\nof radiated fields to study the interaction of wave with matter. We derive in a\nnew way the dispersion relation, Snell's law and reflection/transmission\ncoefficients by self-consistent analyses. Moreover, we find two new forms of\nthe generalized extinction theorem. Applying the IEM, we investigate the wave\npropagation through a slab and disclose the underlying physics which are\nfurther verified by numerical simulations. The results lead to a unified\nframework of the IEM for the propagation of wave incident either from a medium\nor vacuum in stratified dielectric-magnetic materials.\n" }, { "id": "50998bd8-42d7-452d-acef-dd12aeadbf18", "adv_source_id": "50998bd8-42d7-452d-acef-dd12aeadbf18", "source_id": "50998bd8-42d7-452d-acef-dd12aeadbf18", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effects of CDTT Model on the Dynamical Instability of Cylindrically\n Symmetric Collapsing Stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " We assume cylindrically symmetric stars which begin collapsing by dissipating\nenergy in the form of heat flux. We wish to study the effects of\nCarroll-Duvvuri-Trodden-Turner (CDTT) model, $f(R)=R+\\sigma\\frac{\\mu^4}{R}$, on\nthe range of dynamical instability. For this purpose, perturbation scheme is\napplied to all the metric functions, material functions and $f(R)$ model to\nobtain the full set of dynamical equation which control the evolution of the\nphysical variables at the surface of a star. It is found that instability limit\ninvolves adiabatic index $\\Gamma$ which depends on the density profile and\nimmense terms of perturbed CDTT model. In addition, model is constrained by\nsome requirement, e.g. positivity of physical quantities. We also reduce our\nresults asymptotically as $\\mu\\rightarrow0$, being the GR results in both the\nNewtonian and post Newtonian regimes.\n" }, { "id": "c2e6333d-398f-460c-b868-e17126272e8e", "adv_source_id": "c2e6333d-398f-460c-b868-e17126272e8e", "source_id": "c2e6333d-398f-460c-b868-e17126272e8e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Influence of itinerancy on the magnetic properties of the single\n crystals of Sr2YRu1-xCuxO6 solid solutions", "prompt": null, "generation": " X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) Ru L-edge and O K-edge measurements on\nsingle crystals of Sr2YRu1-xCuxO6 (x=0.01-0.05) solid solutions show that Cu\nreplaces Ru in the lattice which results in a lattice distortion and itinerant\nholes that increase with increasing x. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD)\nmeasurements confirm the lattice distortion through changes in the lattice\nparameters. Magnetic measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic transition at 32\nK in the crystals with x=0 and a diamagnetic transition at 32 K for x \\geq\n0.01indicative of superconductivity in the zero field cooled (ZFC) curves. The\nfield cooled (FC) curves show a weak ferromagnetic character with x=0 and a\nferromagnetic transition at 30 K and an antiferromagnetic transition at 23 K in\nthe presence of Cu. The peak at 30 K in the ac susceptibility measurements\nindicates a spin-glass behavior. The low field part of the M-H curve for x=0.05\ncrystal indicates weak superconductivity. The shifting of the M-H curve on FC\nindicates spin-glass state. In conjunction with the XAS results the magnetic\nbehavior is explained in terms of a spontaneous vortex state as a result of the\nnon-freezing Ru5+ spins.\n" }, { "id": "3e73855e-36f9-4df6-af86-cdac3ed9b68b", "adv_source_id": "3e73855e-36f9-4df6-af86-cdac3ed9b68b", "source_id": "3e73855e-36f9-4df6-af86-cdac3ed9b68b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Quantitative Link Between Globular Clusters and the Stellar Halos in\n Elliptical Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper explores the quantitative connection between globular clusters and\nthe diffuse stellar population of the galaxies they are associated with. Both\nNGC 1399 and NGC 4486 (M87) are well suited for this kind of analysis due to\ntheir large globular cluster populations. The main assumption of our Monte\nCarlo based models is that each globular cluster is formed along with a given\ndiffuse stellar mass that shares the same spatial distribution, chemical\ncomposition and age. The main globular clusters subpopulations, that determine\nthe observed bimodal colour distribution, are decomposed avoiding a priori\nparametric (e.g. Gaussian) fits and using a new colour (C-T1)-metallicity\nrelation. The eventual detectability of a blue tilt in the colour magnitude\ndiagrams of the blue globulars subpopulation is also addressed. A successful\nlink between globular clusters and the stellar galaxy halo is established by\nassuming that the number of globular clusters per associated diffuse stellar\nmass t is a function of total abundance [Z/H] and behaves as\nt=gamma*exp(delta[Z/H]) (i.e. increases when abundance decreases).\n" }, { "id": "e3a87796-81f9-4702-b68e-7e59c8dd11bc", "adv_source_id": "e3a87796-81f9-4702-b68e-7e59c8dd11bc", "source_id": "e3a87796-81f9-4702-b68e-7e59c8dd11bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Plaquette valence-bond ordering in J_1-J_2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on\n the honeycomb lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study S=1/2 Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice with first and\nsecond neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange (J_{1}-J_{2} model), employing exact\ndiagonalization in both S_z=0 basis and nearest neighbor singlet valence bond\n(NNVB) basis. We find that for 0.2pK0\\Sigma+ at\nbeam momenta of p_{beam} = 2950, 3059, and 3200 MeV/c (excess energies of\n\\epsilon= 126, 161, and 206 MeV). Total cross sections were determined for all\nenergies; a set of differential cross sections (Dalitz plots; invariant mass\nspectra of all two-body subsystems; angular distributions of all final state\nparticles; distributions in helicity and Jackson frames) are presented for\n\\epsilon= 161 MeV. The total cross sections are proportional to the volume of\navailable three-body phase-space indicating that the transition matrix element\ndoes not change significantly in this range of excess energies. It is concluded\nfrom the differential data that the reaction proceeds dominantly via the\nN(1710)P_{11} and/or N(1720)P_{13} resonance(s); N(1650)S_{11} and\n\\Delta(1600)P_{33} could also contribute.\n" }, { "id": "6956aa59-c58f-4561-9941-688badc37b8d", "adv_source_id": "6956aa59-c58f-4561-9941-688badc37b8d", "source_id": "6956aa59-c58f-4561-9941-688badc37b8d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Psychological games of entangled players", "prompt": null, "generation": " The paper introduces a new approach to theory of differential games in which\nentangled players try to predict and influence actions of their adversaries.\nThe entanglement is generated be a joint probability density known by the\nplayers. Incase of complex density, its imaginary part represents a measure of\nuncertainty of the density distribution. The novelty of the approach is in\nnon-Newtonian mathematical formalism thatis based upon a behavioral model of\nLivings. The model is quantum-inspired: it represented by a modified Madelung\nequation which the quantum potential is replaced by different, specially chosen\n\"computational\" potential. It consists of motor dynamics simulating actual\nbehavior of the object, and mental dynamics representing evolution of the\ncorresponding knowledge-based and incorporating this knowledge in the for m of\ninformation flows into the motor dynamics. Due to feedback from mental\ndynamics, motor dynamics attains quantum-like properties: its trajectory splits\ninto a family of different trajectories, and each of those trajectories can be\nchosen with the probability prescribed by the mental dynamics. The model\naddresses a new type of entanglement that correlates the probabilities of\nactions of Livings rather than the actions themselves.\n" }, { "id": "03f91dfc-5ca5-49cb-b1c5-ccadc704562a", "adv_source_id": "03f91dfc-5ca5-49cb-b1c5-ccadc704562a", "source_id": "03f91dfc-5ca5-49cb-b1c5-ccadc704562a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Management for Wireless Sensor\n Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting holds a promising future for\ngenerating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in\nwirelessly communicating electronics devices. Reducing power consumption has\nbecome a major challenge in wireless sensor networks. As a vital factor\naffecting system cost and lifetime, energy consumption in wireless sensor\nnetworks is an emerging and active research area. This chapter presents a\npractical approach for RF Energy harvesting and management of the harvested and\navailable energy for wireless sensor networks using the Improved Energy\nEfficient Ant Based Routing Algorithm (IEEABR) as our proposed algorithm. The\nchapter looks at measurement of the RF power density, calculation of the\nreceived power, storage of the harvested power, and management of the power in\nwireless sensor networks. The routing uses IEEABR technique for energy\nmanagement. Practical and real-time implementations of the RF Energy using\nPowercast harvesters and simulations using the energy model of our Libelium\nWaspmote to verify the approach were performed. The chapter concludes with\nperformance analysis of the harvested energy, comparison of IEEABR and other\ntraditional energy management techniques, while also looking at open research\nareas of energy harvesting and management for wireless sensor networks.\n" }, { "id": "f91faf84-d339-4d67-9785-409fa23eb53e", "adv_source_id": "f91faf84-d339-4d67-9785-409fa23eb53e", "source_id": "f91faf84-d339-4d67-9785-409fa23eb53e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Poincare recurrences from the perspective of transient chaos", "prompt": null, "generation": " We obtain a description of the Poincar\\'e recurrences of chaotic systems in\nterms of the ergodic theory of transient chaos. It is based on the equivalence\nbetween the recurrence time distribution and an escape time distribution\nobtained by leaking the system and taking a special initial ensemble. This\nensemble is atypical in terms of the natural measure of the leaked system, the\nconditionally invariant measure. Accordingly, for general initial ensembles,\nthe average recurrence and escape times are different. However, we show that\nthe decay rate of these distributions is always the same. Our results remain\nvalid for Hamiltonian systems with mixed phase space and validate a split of\nthe chaotic saddle in hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic components.\n" }, { "id": "814cdd56-9ba6-4338-bf61-2b271f3db226", "adv_source_id": "814cdd56-9ba6-4338-bf61-2b271f3db226", "source_id": "814cdd56-9ba6-4338-bf61-2b271f3db226", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum computation and pseudo-telepathic games", "prompt": null, "generation": " A quantum algorithm succeeds not because the superposition principle allows\n'the computation of all values of a function at once' via 'quantum\nparallelism,' but rather because the structure of a quantum state space allows\nnew sorts of correlations associated with entanglement, with new possibilities\nfor information-processing transformations between correlations, that are not\npossible in a classical state space. I illustrate this with an elementary\nexample of a problem for which a quantum algorithm is more efficient than any\nclassical algorithm. I also introduce the notion of 'pseudo-telepathic' games\nand show how the difference between classical and quantum correlations plays a\nsimilar role here for games that can be won by quantum players exploiting\nentanglement, but not by classical players whose only allowed common resource\nconsists of shared strings of random numbers (common causes of the players'\ncorrelated responses in a game).\n" }, { "id": "a3e8aec4-5cf7-4ffc-9308-af6fa875c952", "adv_source_id": "a3e8aec4-5cf7-4ffc-9308-af6fa875c952", "source_id": "a3e8aec4-5cf7-4ffc-9308-af6fa875c952", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A problem in one-dimensional diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) and\n positive recurrence of Markov chains", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the following problem in one-dimensional diffusion-limited\naggregation (DLA). At time $t$, we have an \"aggregate\" consisting of\n$\\Bbb{Z}\\cap[0,R(t)]$ [with $R(t)$ a positive integer]. We also have $N(i,t)$\nparticles at $i$, $i>R(t)$. All these particles perform independent\ncontinuous-time symmetric simple random walks until the first time $t'>t$ at\nwhich some particle tries to jump from $R(t)+1$ to $R(t)$. The aggregate is\nthen increased to the integers in $[0,R(t')]=[0,R(t)+1]$ [so that\n$R(t')=R(t)+1$] and all particles which were at $R(t)+1$ at time $t'{-}$ are\nremoved from the system. The problem is to determine how fast $R(t)$ grows as a\nfunction of $t$ if we start at time 0 with $R(0)=0$ and the $N(i,0)$ i.i.d.\nPoisson variables with mean $\\mu>0$. It is shown that if $\\mu<1$, then $R(t)$\nis of order $\\sqrt{t}$, in a sense which is made precise. It is conjectured\nthat $R(t)$ will grow linearly in $t$ if $\\mu$ is large enough.\n" }, { "id": "c2244d07-65f4-40b5-ad1d-4896aa00a844", "adv_source_id": "c2244d07-65f4-40b5-ad1d-4896aa00a844", "source_id": "c2244d07-65f4-40b5-ad1d-4896aa00a844", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the classical theory of molecular optical activity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The basic principles of classical and semi-classical theories of molecular\noptical activity are discussed. These theories are valid for dilute solutions\nof optically active organic molecules. It is shown that all phenomena known in\nthe classical theory of molecular optical activity can be described with the\nuse of one pseudo-scalar which is a uniform function of the incident light\nfrequency $\\omega$. The relation between optical rotation and circular\ndichroism is derived from the basic Kramers-Kronig relations. In our discussion\nof the general theory of molecular optical activity we introduce the tensor of\nmolecular optical activity. It is shown that to evaluate the optical rotation\nand circular dichroism at arbitrary frequencies one needs to know only nine (3\n+ 6) molecular tensors. The quantum (or semi-classical) theory of molecular\noptical activity is also briefly discussed. We also raise the possibility of\nmeasuring the optical rotation and circular dichroism at wavelengths which\ncorrespond to the vacuum ultraviolet region, i.e. for $\\lambda \\le 150$ $nm$.\n" }, { "id": "55d05f25-9c4e-463b-bbd0-3261141a029f", "adv_source_id": "55d05f25-9c4e-463b-bbd0-3261141a029f", "source_id": "55d05f25-9c4e-463b-bbd0-3261141a029f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entropic formulation of relativistic continuum mechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " An entropic formulation of relativistic continuum mechanics is developed in\nthe Landau-Lifshitz frame. We introduce two spatial scales, one being the small\nscale representing the linear size of each material particle and the other the\nlarge scale representing the linear size of a large system which consists of\nthe material particles and is to linearly regress to the equilibrium. We\npropose a local functional which is expected to represent the total entropy of\nthe larger system and require the entropy functional to be maximized in the\nprocess of linear regression. We show that Onsager's original idea on linear\nregression can then be realized explicitly as current conservations with\ndissipative currents in the desired form. We demonstrate the effectiveness of\nthis formulation by showing that one can treat a wide class of relativistic\ncontinuum materials, including standard relativistic viscous fluids and\nrelativistic viscoelastic materials.\n" }, { "id": "36272580-003e-43af-ace4-19627818f4be", "adv_source_id": "36272580-003e-43af-ace4-19627818f4be", "source_id": "36272580-003e-43af-ace4-19627818f4be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Study of Loschmidt Echo for two-dimensional Kitaev model", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we study the Loschmidt Echo (LE) of a two-dimensional Kitaev\nmodel residing on a honeycomb lattice which is chosen to be an environment that\nis coupled globally to a central spin. The decay of LE is highly influenced by\nthe quantum criticality of the environmental spin model e.g., it shows a sharp\ndip close to the anisotropic quantum critical point (AQCP) of its phase\ndiagram. The early time decay and the collapse and revival as a function of\ntime at AQCP do also exhibit interesting scaling behavior with the system size\nwhich is verified numerically. It has also been observed that the LE stays\nvanishingly small throughout the gapless phase of the model. The above study\nhas also been extended to the 1D Kitaev model i.e. when one of the interaction\nterms vanishes.\n" }, { "id": "2c231fb6-135e-4947-b6e8-477f9986ac70", "adv_source_id": "2c231fb6-135e-4947-b6e8-477f9986ac70", "source_id": "2c231fb6-135e-4947-b6e8-477f9986ac70", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Different mechanisms for efficient optical transmission through\n bilayered subwavelength patterned metal films", "prompt": null, "generation": " Light transmission through bilayered thin metal films perforated with\nsubwavelength hole arrays are numerically studied based on a full-vector\nfinite-difference time-domain approach. A variety of transmission peaks\noriginating from different physical mechanisms are observed. In addition to the\ndirect tunnelling and Fabry-P\\`{e}rot resonances, generally possessed by\nidealized bilayered dielectric slabs, the near-field localized plasmon\npolaritons also play important roles. They not only influence the direct\ntunnelling in a destructive or constructive way, the interactions between these\nlocalized plasmon polaritons on different metal films also result in additional\nchannels which transfer optical energy effectively.\n" }, { "id": "d89a563d-518f-4c03-8c58-04f0d25f40c2", "adv_source_id": "d89a563d-518f-4c03-8c58-04f0d25f40c2", "source_id": "d89a563d-518f-4c03-8c58-04f0d25f40c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Geometric Precipices in String Cosmology", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the effects of graviton multiplet fields on transitions between\nstring gas phases. Focusing on the dilaton field, we show that it may obstruct\ntransitions between different thermodynamic phases of the string gas, because\nthe sign of its dimensionally reduced, $T$-duality invariant, part is conserved\nwhen the energy density of the universe is positive. Thus, many interesting\nsolutions for which this sign is positive end up in a future curvature\nsingularity. Because of this, some of the thermodynamic phases of the usual\ngravitating string gases behave like superselection sectors. For example, a\npast-regular Hagedorn phase and an expanding FRW phase dominated by string\nmomentum modes cannot be smoothly connected in the framework of string\ncosmology with positive sources. The singularity separates them like a\ngeometric precipice in the moduli space, preventing the dynamics of the theory\nfrom bridging across. Sources which simultaneously violate the positivity of\nenergy and NEC could modify these conclusions. We provide a quantitative\nmeasure of positivity of energy and NEC violations that would be necessary for\nsuch transitions. These effects must dominate the universe at the moment of\ntransition, altering the standard gas pictures. At present, it is not known how\nto construct such sources from first principles in string theory.\n" }, { "id": "f7cc3e0e-14d2-4d09-ae58-3d929b816751", "adv_source_id": "f7cc3e0e-14d2-4d09-ae58-3d929b816751", "source_id": "f7cc3e0e-14d2-4d09-ae58-3d929b816751", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two gate-voltage periods in a metallic-nanoparticle based\n single-electron transistor", "prompt": null, "generation": " Systems of quantum dots (QD) connected to leads exhibit periodic conductance\npeaks as a function of gate voltage arising from the Coulomb blockade effect\n\\cite{review1,review2,review3}. Much effort goes into minimizing the size of\nQDs and reaching the scale of single molecules\n\\cite{molecular1,molecular2,molecular3} which could serve as nanoelectronic\ncircuit components such as transistors. Connecting molecules or nanoparticles\nto external leads cannot be achieved by the traditional methods used in\nsemiconductor based QDs, hence, controlling the coupling to nanoparticle QDs is\na major technical challenge.\n Here we present a novel technique by which we can explore electric properties\nof a metallic nanoparticle while varying the coupling to leads. We find that\nthe conductance through the nanoparticle is characterized by \\emph{two} gate\nvoltage periods. The relative strength of the periods depends both on the\ndot-lead coupling and on the source-drain voltage. These surprising findings\nmay be a general property of strongly coupled metallic nanoparticles.\n" }, { "id": "bd761c7e-c38c-4738-ac00-74357f088643", "adv_source_id": "bd761c7e-c38c-4738-ac00-74357f088643", "source_id": "bd761c7e-c38c-4738-ac00-74357f088643", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement Detection Using Majorization Uncertainty Bounds", "prompt": null, "generation": " Entanglement detection criteria are developed within the framework of the\nmajorization formulation of uncertainty. The primary results are two theorems\nasserting linear and nonlinear separability criteria based on majorization\nrelations, the violation of which would imply entanglement. Corollaries to\nthese theorems yield infinite sets of scalar entanglement detection criteria\nbased on quasi-entropic measures of disorder. Examples are analyzed to probe\nthe efficacy of the derived criteria in detecting the entanglement of bipartite\nWerner states. Characteristics of the majorization relation as a comparator of\ndisorder uniquely suited to information-theoretical applications are emphasized\nthroughout.\n" }, { "id": "cea26d57-f086-463d-a607-47c1aed19660", "adv_source_id": "cea26d57-f086-463d-a607-47c1aed19660", "source_id": "cea26d57-f086-463d-a607-47c1aed19660", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Standard random walks and trapping on the Koch network with scale-free\n behavior and small-world effect", "prompt": null, "generation": " A vast variety of real-life networks display the ubiquitous presence of\nscale-free phenomenon and small-world effect, both of which play a significant\nrole in the dynamical processes running on networks. Although various dynamical\nprocesses have been investigated in scale-free small-world networks, analytical\nresearch about random walks on such networks is much less. In this paper, we\nwill study analytically the scaling of the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for\nrandom walks on scale-free small-world networks. To this end, we first map the\nclassical Koch fractal to a network, called Koch network. According to this\nproposed mapping, we present an iterative algorithm for generating the Koch\nnetwork, based on which we derive closed-form expressions for the relevant\ntopological features, such as degree distribution, clustering coefficient,\naverage path length, and degree correlations. The obtained solutions show that\nthe Koch network exhibits scale-free behavior and small-world effect. Then, we\ninvestigate the standard random walks and trapping issue on the Koch network.\nThrough the recurrence relations derived from the structure of the Koch\nnetwork, we obtain the exact scaling for the MFPT. We show that in the infinite\nnetwork order limit, the MFPT grows linearly with the number of all nodes in\nthe network. The obtained analytical results are corroborated by direct\nextensive numerical calculations. In addition, we also determine the scaling\nefficiency exponents characterizing random walks on the Koch network.\n" }, { "id": "d07e8845-b19d-46a8-9798-6710ed408fd9", "adv_source_id": "d07e8845-b19d-46a8-9798-6710ed408fd9", "source_id": "d07e8845-b19d-46a8-9798-6710ed408fd9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "System size scaling of topological defect creation in a second-order\n dynamical quantum phase transition", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the system size scaling of the net defect number created by a\nrapid quench in a second-order quantum phase transition from an O(N) symmetric\nstate to a phase of broken symmetry. Using a controlled mean-field expansion\nfor large N, we find that the net defect number variance in convex volumina\nscales like the surface area of the sample for short-range correlations. This\nbehaviour follows generally from spatial and internal symmetries. Conversely,\nif spatial isotropy is broken, e.g., by a lattice, and in addition long-range\nperiodic correlations develop in the broken-symmetry phase, we get the rather\ncounterintuitive result that the scaling strongly depends on the dimension\nbeing even or odd: For even dimensions, the net defect number variance scales\nlike the surface area squared, with a prefactor oscillating with the system\nsize, while for odd dimensions, it essentially vanishes.\n" }, { "id": "bd0e2d42-1572-4545-839f-4eb2ef4e3f36", "adv_source_id": "bd0e2d42-1572-4545-839f-4eb2ef4e3f36", "source_id": "bd0e2d42-1572-4545-839f-4eb2ef4e3f36", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Star formation in HI tails: HCG 92, HCG 100 and 6 interacting systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present new Gemini spectra of 14 new objects found within the HI tails of\nHickson Compact Groups 92 and 100. Nine of them are GALEX Far-UV (FUV) and\nNear-UV (NUV) sources. The spectra confirm that these objects are members of\nthe compact groups and have metallicities close to solar, with an average value\nof 12+log(O/H)~8.5. They have average FUV luminosities 7 x 10^40 erg/s, very\nyoung ages (< 100 Myr) and two of them resemble tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs)\ncandidates. We suggest that they were created within gas clouds that were\nejected during galaxy-galaxy interactions into the intergalactic medium, which\nwould explain the high metallicities of the objects, inherited from the parent\ngalaxies from which the gas originated. We conduct a search for similar objects\nin 6 interacting systems with extended HI tails, NGC 2623, NGC 3079, NGC 3359,\nNGC 3627, NGC 3718, NGC 4656. We found 35 UV sources with ages < 100 Myr,\nhowever most of them are on average less luminous/massive than the UV sources\nfound around HCG 92 and 100. We speculate that this might be an environmental\neffect and that compact groups of galaxies are more favorable to TDG formation\nthan other interacting systems.\n" }, { "id": "e56711b8-416c-47d7-93a5-da120b0b22bf", "adv_source_id": "e56711b8-416c-47d7-93a5-da120b0b22bf", "source_id": "e56711b8-416c-47d7-93a5-da120b0b22bf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Testing the Reliability of Cluster Mass Indicators with a Systematics\n Limited Dataset", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the mass-X-ray observable scaling relationships for clusters of\ngalaxies using the XMM-Newton cluster catalog of Snowden et al. Our results are\nroughly consistent with previous observational and theoretical work, with one\nmajor exception. We find 2-3 times the scatter around the best fit mass scaling\nrelationships as expected from cluster simulations or seen in other\nobservational studies. We suggest that this is a consequence of using\nhydrostatic mass, as opposed to virial mass, and is due to the explicit\ndependence of the hydrostatic mass on the gradients of the temperature and gas\ndensity profiles. We find a larger range of slope in the cluster temperature\nprofiles at r_{500} than previous observational studies. Additionally, we find\nonly a weak dependence of the gas mass fraction on cluster mass, consistent\nwith a constant. Our average gas mass fraction results argue for a closer study\nof the systematic errors due to instrumental calibration and analysis method\nvariations. We suggest that a more careful study of the differences between\nvarious observational results and with cluster simulations is needed to\nunderstand sources of bias and scatter in cosmological studies of galaxy\nclusters.\n" }, { "id": "617533a4-e423-472a-91dc-6ea31cfe8af1", "adv_source_id": "617533a4-e423-472a-91dc-6ea31cfe8af1", "source_id": "617533a4-e423-472a-91dc-6ea31cfe8af1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detecting maximally entangled states without making the Schmidt\n decomposition", "prompt": null, "generation": " The bipartite entanglement of a pure quantum state is known to be\ncharacterized by its Schmidt decomposition. In particular the state is\nmaximally entangled when all the Schmidt coefficients are equal. We point out a\nconvenient method which always yields a single analytical condition for the\nstate to be maximally entangled, in terms of its expansion coefficients in any\nbasis. The method works even when the Schmidt coefficients cannot be calculated\nanalytically, and does not require their calculation. As an example this\ntechnique is used to derive the Bell basis for a system of two qubits. In a\nsecond example the technique shows a particular state to \\textit{never} be\nmaximally entangled, a general conclusion that cannot be reached using the\nSchmidt decomposition.\n" }, { "id": "986028c8-4954-4635-952e-c722611478a7", "adv_source_id": "986028c8-4954-4635-952e-c722611478a7", "source_id": "986028c8-4954-4635-952e-c722611478a7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Recollements of derived categories I: Exact contexts", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recollements were introduced originally by Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne\nto study the derived categories of perverse sheaves, and nowadays become very\npowerful in understanding relationship among three algebraic, geometric or\ntopological objects. The purpose of this series of papers is to study\nrecollements in terms of derived module categories and homological ring\nepimorphisms, and then to apply our results to both representation theory and\nalgebraic K-theory.\n In this paper we present a new and systematic method to construct\nrecollements of derived module categories. For this aim, we introduce a new\nring structure, called the noncommutative tensor product, and give necessary\nand sufficient conditions for noncommutative localizations which appears often\nin representation theory, topology and K-theory, to be homological. The input\nof our machinery is an exact context which can be easily obtained from a rigid\nmorphism that exists in very general circumstances. The output is a recollement\nof derived module categories of rings in which the noncommutative tensor\nproduct of an exact context plays a crucial role. Thus we obtain a large\nvariety of new recollements from commutative and noncommutative localizations,\nring epimorphisms and extensions.\n" }, { "id": "6080f89a-ce49-4dd4-9e41-48227248014e", "adv_source_id": "6080f89a-ce49-4dd4-9e41-48227248014e", "source_id": "6080f89a-ce49-4dd4-9e41-48227248014e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Particle mass generation from physical vacuum", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an approach for particle mass generation in which the physical\nvacuum is assumed as a medium at zero temperature and where the dynamics of the\nvacuum is described by the Standard Model without the Higgs sector. In this\napproach fermions acquire masses from interactions with vacuum and gauge bosons\nfrom charge fluctuations of vacuum. The obtained results are consistent with\nthe physical mass spectrum, in such a manner that left-handed neutrinos are\nmassive. Masses of electroweak gauge bosons are properly predicted in terms of\nexperimental fermion masses and running coupling constants of strong,\nelectromagnetic and weak interactions. An existing empirical relation between\nthe top quark mass and the electroweak gauge boson masses is explained by means\nof this approach.\n" }, { "id": "55710a16-bbf5-4d0a-b2b8-bcc5026bf70a", "adv_source_id": "55710a16-bbf5-4d0a-b2b8-bcc5026bf70a", "source_id": "55710a16-bbf5-4d0a-b2b8-bcc5026bf70a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Josephson junction with magnetic-field tunable ground state", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider an asymmetric 0-pi Josephson junction consisting of 0 and pi\nregions of different lengths L_0 and L_pi. As predicted earlier this system can\nbe described by an effective sine-Gordon equation for the spatially averaged\nphase psi so that the effective current-phase relation of this system includes\na \\emph{negative} second harmonic ~sin(2 psi). If its amplitude is large\nenough, the ground state of the junction is doubly degenerate psi=\\pmvarphi,\nwhere varphi depends on the amplitudes of the first and second harmonics. We\nstudy the behavior of such a junction in an applied magnetic field H and\ndemonstrate that H induces an additional term ~H cos(psi) in the effective\ncurrent-phase relation. This results in a non-trivial ground state\n\\emph{tunable} by magnetic field. The dependence of the critical current on H\nallows for revealing the ground state experimentally.\n" }, { "id": "46344c55-2a8a-481f-9c9f-61b6e534ed8d", "adv_source_id": "46344c55-2a8a-481f-9c9f-61b6e534ed8d", "source_id": "46344c55-2a8a-481f-9c9f-61b6e534ed8d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Compactification de Chabauty de l'espace des sous-groupes de Cartan de\n SLn(R)", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let G be a real semisimple Lie group with finite center, with a finite number\nof connected components and without compact factor. We are interested in the\nhomogeneous space of Cartan subgroups of G, which can be also seen as the space\nof maximal flats of the symmetric space of G. We define its Chabauty\ncompactification as the closure in the space of closed subgroups of G, endowed\nwith the Chabauty topology. We show that when the real rank of G is 1, or when\nG=SL3(R) or SL4(R), this compactification is the set of all closed connected\nabelian subgroups of dimension the real rank of G, with real spectrum. And in\nthe case of SL3(R), we study its topology more closely and we show that it is\nsimply connected.\n" }, { "id": "ffe7f3fc-efdf-42fb-bc2d-9398585f0067", "adv_source_id": "ffe7f3fc-efdf-42fb-bc2d-9398585f0067", "source_id": "ffe7f3fc-efdf-42fb-bc2d-9398585f0067", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Consequences from conservation of the total density of the universe\n during the expansion", "prompt": null, "generation": " The recent Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments have shown that the\naverage density of the universe is close to the critical one and the universe\nis asymptotically flat (Euclidean). Taking into account that the universe\nremains flat and the total density of the universe $\\Omega_{0}$ is conserved\nequal to a unit during the cosmological expansion, the Schwarzschild radius of\nthe observable universe has been determined equal to the Hubble distance\n$R_{s}=2GM/c^{2}=R\\sim c/H$, where M is the mass of the observable universe, R\nis the Hubble distance and H is the Hubble constant. Besides, it has been shown\nthat the speed of the light c appears the parabolic velocity for the observable\nuniverse $c=\\sqrt{2GM/R}=v_{p}$ and the recessional velocity $v_{r}=Hr$ of an\narbitrary galaxy at a distance r > 100 Mps from the observer, is equal to the\nparabolic velocity for the sphere, having radius r and a centre, coinciding\nwith the observer. The requirement for conservation of $\\Omega_{0}=1$ during\nthe expansion enables to derive the Hoyle-Carvalho formula for the mass of the\nobservable universe $M=c^{3}/(2GH)$ by a new approach.\n Key words: flat universe; critical density of the universe; Schwarzschild\nradius; mass of the universe; parabolic velocity\n" }, { "id": "05edc67c-7eb7-4d3d-a077-91f897de0ea7", "adv_source_id": "05edc67c-7eb7-4d3d-a077-91f897de0ea7", "source_id": "05edc67c-7eb7-4d3d-a077-91f897de0ea7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Prospects of GRB observations for CTA from a phenomenological model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Very high energy (VHE, i.e. $\\gtrsim 10$ GeV) photons from Gamma-Ray Bursts\n(GRBs), as high as 90 GeV in rest frame energy, have been detected by the\n$Fermi$ Large Area Telescope (LAT). This provides hope for a high statistics\nGRB detection by a ground-based instrument in the VHE domain. We here report on\nour estimates of the expected GRB detection rate and $\\gamma$-ray rate (in case\nof detection) for the next generation ground-based Imaging Air Cherenkov\nTelescopes (IACTs): the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Moreover, we\ninvestigated the effect critical design parameters of CTA have on our\npredictions and we compare the performance of various observing strategies for\nthe array pointing. Our estimations are based on a phenomenological model which\nuses temporal and spectral information from GRBs detected by $Fermi$-LAT as\nwell as other instruments operating at lower energy. While detection of VHE\nemission from GRBs has eluded ground-based instruments thus far, our results\nsuggest it should be within reach of CTA with a rate between 0.35 and 1.6\nGRBs/year depending on the characteristics of the true GRB population and the\nperformance that CTA will eventually achieve.\n" }, { "id": "158513a0-f8c0-4efe-ae13-340024097ca0", "adv_source_id": "158513a0-f8c0-4efe-ae13-340024097ca0", "source_id": "158513a0-f8c0-4efe-ae13-340024097ca0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Propagation Effects in Magnetized Transrelativistic Plasmas", "prompt": null, "generation": " The transfer of polarized radiation in magnetized and non-magnetized\nrelativistic plasmas is an area of research with numerous flaws and gaps. The\npresent paper is aimed at filling some gaps and eliminating the flaws. Starting\nfrom a Trubnikov's linear response tensor for a vacuum wave with ${\\bf\nk}=\\omega/c$ in thermal plasma, the analytic expression for the dielectric\ntensor is found in the limit of high frequencies. The Faraday rotation and\nFaraday conversion measures are computed in their first orders in the ratio of\nthe cyclotron frequency $\\Omega_0$ to the observed frequency $\\omega$. The\ncomputed temperature dependencies of propagation effects bridge the known\nnon-relativistic and ultra-relativistic limiting formulas. The fitting\nexpressions are found for high temperatures, where the higher orders in\n$\\Omega_0/\\omega$ cannot be neglected. The plasma eigenmodes are found to\nbecome linearly polarized at much larger temperatures than thought before. The\nresults are applied to the diagnostics of the hot ISM, hot accretion flows, and\njets.\n" }, { "id": "936b576c-e975-47eb-9091-956b02d0b78c", "adv_source_id": "936b576c-e975-47eb-9091-956b02d0b78c", "source_id": "936b576c-e975-47eb-9091-956b02d0b78c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pair-Starved Pulsar Magnetospheres", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a simple analytic model for the innermost (within the light\ncylinder of canonical radius) structure of open-magnetic-field lines of a\nrotating neutron star (NS) with relativistic outflow of charged particles\n(electrons/positrons) and arbitrary angle between the NS spin and magnetic\naxes. We present the self-consistent solution of Maxwell's equations for the\nmagnetic field and electric current in the pair-starved regime where the\ndensity of electron-positron plasma generated above the pulsar polar cap is not\nsufficient to completely screen the accelerating electric field and thus\nestablish the E \\cdot B = 0 condition above the pair-formation front up to very\nhigh altitudes within the light cylinder. The proposed model may provide a\ntheoretical framework for developing a refined model of the global pair-starved\npulsar magnetosphere.\n" }, { "id": "6c329f1f-11ef-45b1-8eea-f8fa007ac7b5", "adv_source_id": "6c329f1f-11ef-45b1-8eea-f8fa007ac7b5", "source_id": "6c329f1f-11ef-45b1-8eea-f8fa007ac7b5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generation of Terahertz Radiation by Wave Mixing in Zigzag Carbon\n Nanotubes", "prompt": null, "generation": " With the use of the semiclassical Boltzmann equation we have calculated a\ndirect current (d.c) in undoped zigzag carbon nanotube (CN) by mixing two\ncoherent electromagnetic waves with commensurate frequencies i.e and . This\neffect is attributed to the nonparabolicity of the electron energy band which\nis very strong in carbon nanotubes. We observed that the current is negative\nsimilar to that observed in superlattice. However if the phase shift lies\nbetween and there is an inversion and the current becomes positive. It is\ninteresting to note that exhibit negative differential conductivity as expected\nfor d.c through carbon nanotubes. This method can be used to generate terahertz\nradiation in carbon nanotubes. It can also be used in determining the\nrelaxation time of electrons in carbon nanotubes\n" }, { "id": "71254328-2731-4ab5-aa24-99f37debd1f6", "adv_source_id": "71254328-2731-4ab5-aa24-99f37debd1f6", "source_id": "71254328-2731-4ab5-aa24-99f37debd1f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New N=1 dualities from orientifold transitions - Part I: Field Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on a broad new class of N=1 gauge theory dualities which relate the\nworldvolume gauge theories of D3 branes probing different orientifolds of the\nsame Calabi-Yau singularity. In this paper, we focus on the simplest example of\nthese new dualities, arising from the orbifold singularity C^3/Z_3. We present\nextensive checks of the duality, including anomaly matching, partial moduli\nspace matching, matching of discrete symmetries, and matching of the\nsuperconformal indices between the proposed duals. We then present a related\nduality for the dP_1 singularity, as well as dualities for the F_0 and Y^{4,0}\nsingularities, illustrating the breadth of this new class of dualities. In a\ncompanion paper, we show that certain infinite classes of geometries which\ninclude C^3/Z_3 and dP_1 all exhibit such dualities, and argue that their\nten-dimensional origin is the SL(2,Z) self-duality of type IIB string theory.\n" }, { "id": "0db210e6-11f3-441b-b4a0-97945be49af8", "adv_source_id": "0db210e6-11f3-441b-b4a0-97945be49af8", "source_id": "0db210e6-11f3-441b-b4a0-97945be49af8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generic measure for the quantum correlation of the two-qubit systems:\n the average of the spin-correlation elements", "prompt": null, "generation": " Based on the Pauli spin operators we develop the notion of the\nspin-correlation matrix for the two-qubit system. If this matrix is non-zero,\nthe measure of the correlation between the qubits is the average of the\nnon-zero elements. Trivially, for zero matrix the bipartite is uncorrelated.\nThis criterion turns out to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the\nfull correlation, where it includes information on both entanglement and\ncorrelation other than entanglement. Moreover, we discuss to what extent this\ncriterion can give information on the entanglement of the system. The criterion\nis generic in the sense that it can be applied to mixed and pure systems. Also,\nit can be easily extended to treat the correlation of multipartite systems. We\ncompare the results obtained from this criterion to those from concurrence for\nvarious examples and we gain agreement regarding entanglement.\n We believe that this criterion may have a wide range of potential\napplications in quantum information theory.\n" }, { "id": "b5bb3d90-ba90-4334-b9c6-a5fba69b891e", "adv_source_id": "b5bb3d90-ba90-4334-b9c6-a5fba69b891e", "source_id": "b5bb3d90-ba90-4334-b9c6-a5fba69b891e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Accurate determination of tensor network state of quantum lattice models\n in two dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have proposed a novel numerical method to calculate accurately the\nphysical quantities of the ground state with the tensor-network wave function\nin two dimensions. We determine the tensor network wavefunction by a projection\napproach which applies iteratively the Trotter-Suzuki decomposition of the\nprojection operator and the singular value decomposition of matrix. The norm of\nthe wavefunction and the expectation value of a physical observable are\nevaluated by a coarse grain renormalization group approach. Our method allows a\ntensor-network wavefunction with a high bond degree of freedom (such as D=8) to\nbe handled accurately and efficiently in the thermodynamic limit. For the\nHeisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice, our results for the ground state\nenergy and the staggered magnetization agree well with those obtained by the\nquantum Monte Carlo and other approaches.\n" }, { "id": "b94adfd7-1c4c-48cb-b387-dfb3cacf55de", "adv_source_id": "b94adfd7-1c4c-48cb-b387-dfb3cacf55de", "source_id": "b94adfd7-1c4c-48cb-b387-dfb3cacf55de", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Kinematics and Dynamics of the Globular Clusters and the Planetary\n Nebulae of NGC 5128", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new kinematic and dynamic study of the halo of the giant elliptical galaxy,\nNGC 5128, is presented. From a spectroscopically confirmed sample of 340\nglobular clusters and 780 planetary nebulae, the rotation amplitude, rotation\naxis, velocity dispersion, and the total dynamical mass are determined for the\nhalo of NGC 5128. The globular cluster kinematics were searched for both radial\ndependence and metallicity dependence by subdividing the globular cluster\nsample into 158 metal-rich ([Fe/H] > -1.0) and 178 metal-poor ([Fe/H] < -1.0)\nglobular clusters. Our results show the kinematics of the metal-rich and\nmetal-poor subpopulations are quite similar. The kinematics are compared to the\nplanetary nebula population where differences are apparent in the outer regions\nof the halo. The total mass of NGC 5128 is found using the Tracer Mass\nestimator (Evans et al. 2003), to determine the mass supported by internal\nrandom motions, and the spherical component of the Jeans equation to determine\nthe mass supported by rotation. We find a total mass of (1.0+/-0.2) x 10^(12)\nMsun from the planetary nebulae data out to a projected radius of 90 kpc and\n(1.3+/-0.5) x 10^(12) Msun from the globular clusters out to a projected radius\nof 50 kpc. Lastly, we present a new and homogeneous catalog of known globular\nclusters in NGC 5128. This catalog combines all previous definitive cluster\nidentifications from radial velocity studies and HST imaging studies, as well\nas 80 new globular clusters from a study of M.A. Beasley et al. (2007, in\npreparation).\n" }, { "id": "ef15b927-1562-4eea-b9d6-2771a09c98da", "adv_source_id": "ef15b927-1562-4eea-b9d6-2771a09c98da", "source_id": "ef15b927-1562-4eea-b9d6-2771a09c98da", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Secure Computation in a Bidirectional Relay", "prompt": null, "generation": " Bidirectional relaying, where a relay helps two user nodes to exchange equal\nlength binary messages, has been an active area of recent research. A popular\nstrategy involves a modified Gaussian MAC, where the relay decodes the XOR of\nthe two messages using the naturally-occurring sum of symbols simultaneously\ntransmitted by user nodes. In this work, we consider the Gaussian MAC in\nbidirectional relaying with an additional secrecy constraint for protection\nagainst a honest but curious relay. The constraint is that, while the relay\nshould decode the XOR, it should be fully ignorant of the individual messages\nof the users. We exploit the symbol addition that occurs in a Gaussian MAC to\ndesign explicit strategies that achieve perfect independence between the\nreceived symbols and individual transmitted messages. Our results actually hold\nfor a more general scenario where the messages at the two user nodes come from\na finite Abelian group, and the relay must decode the sum within the group of\nthe two messages. We provide a lattice coding strategy and study optimal rate\nversus average power trade-offs for asymptotically large dimensions.\n" }, { "id": "b05d9437-95b6-4da7-ac31-4d7547dbe1d2", "adv_source_id": "b05d9437-95b6-4da7-ac31-4d7547dbe1d2", "source_id": "b05d9437-95b6-4da7-ac31-4d7547dbe1d2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell state in two-color quark matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore the phase structure of two-color and two-flavor QCD in the space\nof the quark chemical potential \\mu_q and the isospin chemical potential \\mu_I.\nUsing a mean-field model we calculate the chiral and diquark condensates,\n\\sigma and \\Delta, self-consistently. In weak coupling and in the chiral limit,\nwe confirm the interval of the isospin chemical potential,\n0.71\\Delta_0<\\mu_I<0.75\\Delta_0, in which a single plane-wave\nLarkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) phase is favored over isotropic\nsuperfluidity and normal quark matter. The LOFF window becomes slightly wider\nat high density. For stronger coupling with nonzero quark mass, which is\nrelevant to currently available numerical simulations in lattice two-color QCD,\nthe single plane-wave LOFF phase appears only at sufficiently high density. The\nprediction obtained for the LOFF region could be tested with lattice since we\ncan prove that the present system is free from the fermion sign problem. We\ndraw the energy landscape on which local minima corresponding to the isotropic\nsuperfluid phase and the LOFF phase and a local maximum corresponding to the\ngapless phase are manifest. Our results clearly illustrate the path from the\nthe unstable gapless phase down to the LOFF phase.\n" }, { "id": "dd2d3cd7-1be1-486a-b75b-725a1c02dab4", "adv_source_id": "dd2d3cd7-1be1-486a-b75b-725a1c02dab4", "source_id": "dd2d3cd7-1be1-486a-b75b-725a1c02dab4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum superresolution in fluorescence microscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " The optical diffraction limit, formulated by Abbe 140 years ago, imposes a\nbound on imaging resolution in classical optics. Over the last twenty years,\nmany theoretical schemes have been presented for overcoming the diffraction\nbarrier in optical imaging using quantum properties of light. An experimental\nrealization of sub-diffraction limited quantum imaging has, however, remained\nelusive. Here, we demonstrate a quantum imaging method taking advantage of\nnon-classical light naturally produced in fluorescence microscopy due to photon\nantibunching, a fundamentally quantum phenomenon prohibiting simultaneous\nemission of multiple photons. Using a photon counting digital camera, we detect\nantibunching-induced second and third order intensity correlations and perform\nsub-diffraction limited quantum imaging in a standard wide-field fluorescence\nmicroscope.\n" }, { "id": "5dcd6e16-0044-4fcb-86c9-1f19efae05c0", "adv_source_id": "5dcd6e16-0044-4fcb-86c9-1f19efae05c0", "source_id": "5dcd6e16-0044-4fcb-86c9-1f19efae05c0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scintillation properties of ceramics based on zinc oxide", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ceramics ZnO:Zn of 20mm diameter and 1.6mm thickness with an optical\ntransparency up to 0.33 in the visible region have been prepared by hot\npressing technique. Scintillating and luminescent characteristics such as\nemission spectra, decay time, yield, and TSL glow curve have been measured\nunder X-ray excitation. Two emission bands peaking at 500 and 380 nm were\ndetected, the light output was about 80% of that for standard BGO scintillator,\nmain decay constant was 10.4 +/- 0.1 ns. The obtained data allow us to consider\nthe ZnO:Zn ceramics as a perspective scintillator. Finally, the investigation\nshows that other ZnO-based fast scintillators can be fabricated in the form of\noptical ceramics.\n" }, { "id": "7f3ded17-c25e-40a8-bd18-bd0869e0bfcb", "adv_source_id": "7f3ded17-c25e-40a8-bd18-bd0869e0bfcb", "source_id": "7f3ded17-c25e-40a8-bd18-bd0869e0bfcb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effect of anisotropy on small magnetic clusters", "prompt": null, "generation": " The effect of dipolar interaction and local uniaxial anisotropy on the\nmagnetic response of small spin clusters where spins are located on the\nvertices of icosahedron, cuboctahedron, tetrahedron and square geometry have\nbeen investigated. We consider the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-1/2\nand spin-1 Heisenberg model with uniaxial anisotropy and dipolar interaction\nand apply numerical exact diagonalization technique in order to study the\ninfluence of frustration and anisotropy on the ground state properties of the\nspin-clusters. The ground state magnetization, spin-spin correlation and\nseveral thermodynamic quantities such as entropy and specific heat are\ncalculated as a function of temperature and magnetic field.\n" }, { "id": "ef3ee297-e4a5-4c1f-bba7-a665e4ac0d4d", "adv_source_id": "ef3ee297-e4a5-4c1f-bba7-a665e4ac0d4d", "source_id": "ef3ee297-e4a5-4c1f-bba7-a665e4ac0d4d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Blind Wide Area Surveys: Where will we find redshifted atomic and\n molecular absorption?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Spectroscopy of redshifted radio absorption of atomic and molecular species\nprovide excellent probes of the cold component of the gas in the early Universe\nwhich can be used to address many important issues, such as measuring baryonic\ncontent, probing large-scale structure and galaxy evolution, as well as\nobtaining independent measurements of various combinations of fundamental\nconstants at large look-back times. However, such systems are currently very\nrare with only 80 detected in HI 21-cm and five in OH and millimetre-band\nspecies. Here we summarise the main selection criteria responsible for this and\nhow the next generation of radio telescopes are expected to circumvent these\nthrough their wide instantaneous bandwidths and fields-of-view.\n" }, { "id": "e579a296-a02d-425c-a673-135c75379b92", "adv_source_id": "e579a296-a02d-425c-a673-135c75379b92", "source_id": "e579a296-a02d-425c-a673-135c75379b92", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "[SiPAH]+ pi-Complexes in the Interstellar Medium", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the presence of silicon atoms adsorbed on the surface of\ninterstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to form SiPAH\npi-complexes. We use quantum chemistry calculations to obtain structural,\nthermodynamic and mid-IR properties of neutral and cationic SiPAH complexes.\nThe binding energy was found to be at least 1.5 eV for [SiPAH]+ complexes\nwhereas it is roughly 0.5 eV for their neutral counterparts. From the spectral\nanalysis of the calculated IR spectra, we found that the coordination of\nsilicon to PAH+ does not strongly affect the intensities of the PAH+ spectra,\nbut systematically introduces blueshifts of the C-C in-plane and the C-H\nout-of-plane bands. The thermodynamic data calculated for [SiPAH]+ complexes\nshow that these species are stable and can be easily formed by radiative\nassociation of Si+ and PAH species that are known to be abundant in\nphotodissociation regions. Their mid-IR fingerprints show features induced by\nthe coordination of silicon that could account for (i) the blueshifted position\nof the 6.2 micron AIB and (ii) the presence of satellite bands observed on the\nblue side of the 6.2 and 11.2 micron AIBs. From such an assignment, we can\ndeduce that typically 1% of the cosmic silicon appears to be attached to PAHs.\n" }, { "id": "baee55b7-c1fa-4478-9e88-13f79233b1f2", "adv_source_id": "baee55b7-c1fa-4478-9e88-13f79233b1f2", "source_id": "baee55b7-c1fa-4478-9e88-13f79233b1f2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Soft Photons from transport and hydrodynamics at FAIR energies", "prompt": null, "generation": " Direct photon spectra from uranium-uranium collisions at FAIR energies\n(E(lab) = 35 AGeV) are calculated within the hadronic Ultra-relativistic\nQuantum Molecular Dynamics transport model. In this microscopic model, one can\noptionally include a macroscopic intermediate hydrodynamic phase. The hot and\ndense stage of the collision is then modeled by a hydrodynamical calculation.\nPhoton emission from transport-hydro hybrid calculations is examined for purely\nhadronic matter and matter that has a cross-over phase transition and a\ncritical end point to deconfined and chirally restored matter at high\ntemperatures. We find the photon spectra in both scenarios to be dominated by\nBremsstrahlung. Comparing flow of photons in both cases suggests a way to\ndistinguish these two scenarios.\n" }, { "id": "6b1f102e-4368-4cf5-9fef-96dbd2591c59", "adv_source_id": "6b1f102e-4368-4cf5-9fef-96dbd2591c59", "source_id": "6b1f102e-4368-4cf5-9fef-96dbd2591c59", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Propositional equality, identity types, and direct computational paths", "prompt": null, "generation": " In proof theory the notion of canonical proof is rather basic, and it is\nusually taken for granted that a canonical proof of a sentence must be unique\nup to certain minor syntactical details (such as, e.g., change of bound\nvariables). When setting up a proof theory for equality one is faced with a\nrather unexpected situation where there may not be a unique canonical proof of\nan equality statement. Indeed, in a (1994--5) proposal for the formalisation of\nproofs of propositional equality in the Curry--Howard style, we have already\nuncovered such a peculiarity. Totally independently, and in a different\nsetting, Hofmann & Streicher (1994) have shown how to build a model of\nMartin-L\\\"of's Type Theory in which uniqueness of canonical proofs of identity\ntypes does not hold. The intention here is to show that, by considering as\nsequences of rewrites and substitution, it comes a rather natural fact that two\n(or more) distinct proofs may be yet canonical and are none to be preferred\nover one another. By looking at proofs of equality as rewriting (or\ncomputational) paths this approach will be in line with the recently proposed\nconnections between type theory and homotopy theory via identity types, since\nelements of identity types will be, concretely, paths (or homotopies).\n" }, { "id": "a03b8cb2-ad6c-4f8e-87e9-c755c0b9ca0b", "adv_source_id": "a03b8cb2-ad6c-4f8e-87e9-c755c0b9ca0b", "source_id": "a03b8cb2-ad6c-4f8e-87e9-c755c0b9ca0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Traces on symmetrically normed operator ideals", "prompt": null, "generation": " For every symmetrically normed ideal $\\mathcal{E}$ of compact operators, we\ngive a criterion for the existence of a continuous singular trace on\n$\\mathcal{E}$. We also give a criterion for the existence of a continuous\nsingular trace on $\\mathcal{E}$ which respects Hardy-Littlewood majorization.\nWe prove that the class of all continuous singular traces on $\\mathcal{E}$ is\nstrictly wider than the class of continuous singular traces which respect\nHardy-Littlewood majorization. We establish a canonical bijection between the\nset of all traces on $\\mathcal{E}$ and the set of all symmetric functionals on\nthe corresponding sequence ideal. Similar results are also proved in the\nsetting of semifinite von Neumann algebras.\n" }, { "id": "575e70f0-417a-44d8-89aa-0d5f81f46131", "adv_source_id": "575e70f0-417a-44d8-89aa-0d5f81f46131", "source_id": "575e70f0-417a-44d8-89aa-0d5f81f46131", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Efficient simulation of relativistic fermions via vertex models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have developed an efficient simulation algorithm for strongly interacting\nrelativistic fermions in two-dimensional field theories based on a formulation\nas a loop gas. The loop models describing the dynamics of the fermions can be\nmapped to statistical vertex models and our proposal is in fact an efficient\nsimulation algorithm for generic vertex models in arbitrary dimensions. The\nalgorithm essentially eliminates critical slowing down by sampling two-point\ncorrelation functions and it allows simulations directly in the massless limit.\nMoreover, it generates loop configurations with fluctuating topological\nboundary conditions enabling to simulate fermions with arbitrary periodic or\nanti-periodic boundary conditions. As illustrative examples, the algorithm is\napplied to the Gross-Neveu model and to the Schwinger model in the strong\ncoupling limit.\n" }, { "id": "0de00926-fd15-4a38-aa5b-f0be1d7f0815", "adv_source_id": "0de00926-fd15-4a38-aa5b-f0be1d7f0815", "source_id": "0de00926-fd15-4a38-aa5b-f0be1d7f0815", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multiferroic PbFe12O19 Ceramics", "prompt": null, "generation": " PbFe12O19 (PFO) powders in hexagonal structure have been synthesized by\nsol-gel process using lead acetate, glycerin and ferric acetylacetonate as the\nprecursor. PbFe12O19 ceramics were obtained by sintering the PbFe12O19 powders\nat 1000\\degree C for 1 hour. Distorted flaky hexahedron grains are frequently\nobserved in the SEM images of sintered PbFe12O19 ceramics. Large spontaneous\npolarization was observed in PbFe12O19 ceramic at room temperature, exhibiting\na clear ferroelectric hysteresis loop. The remnant polarization of PbFe12O19\nceramic is estimated to be Pr~21{\\mu}C/cm2. The distortion of hexahedron grains\nas well as the Fe oxygen octahedron in its perovskite-like hexagonal unit cell\nis proposed to be the origin of polarization in PbFe12O19 ceramics. Meanwhile,\nPbFe12O19 ceramics demonstrate strong ferromagnetism at room temperature.\nSimultaneous occurrence of large ferroelectricity and strong ferromagnetism in\nPbFe12O19 ceramics holds promise for its application in new generation of\nelectronic devices as a practical multiferroic candidate in single phase.\n" }, { "id": "401681fd-b236-491c-aa61-0076bbbc7beb", "adv_source_id": "401681fd-b236-491c-aa61-0076bbbc7beb", "source_id": "401681fd-b236-491c-aa61-0076bbbc7beb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Understanding Lorentz violation with Rashba interaction", "prompt": null, "generation": " Rashba spin orbit interaction is a well studied effect in condensed matter\nphysics and has important applications in spintronics. The Standard Model\nExtension (SME) includes a CPT-even term with the coefficient H_{\\mu \\nu} which\nleads to the Rashba interaction term. From the limit available on the\ncoefficient H_{\\mu \\nu} in the SME we derive a limit on the Rashba coupling\nconstant for Lorentz violation. In condensed matter physics the Rashba term is\nunderstood as resulting from an asymmetry in the confining potential at the\ninterface of two different types of semiconductors. Based on this\ninterpretation we suggest that a possible way of inducing the H_{\\mu \\nu} term\nin the SME is with an asymmetry in the potential that confines us to 3 spatial\ndimensions.\n" }, { "id": "a221ea70-e64b-4d8d-98e6-f4d93598eb93", "adv_source_id": "a221ea70-e64b-4d8d-98e6-f4d93598eb93", "source_id": "a221ea70-e64b-4d8d-98e6-f4d93598eb93", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Isolated vibrational wavepackets in D2+: Defining superposition\n conditions and wavepacket distinguishability", "prompt": null, "generation": " Tunnel ionization of room-temperature D$_2$ in an ultrashort (12 femtosecond)\nnear infra-red (800 nm) pump laser pulse excites a vibrational wavepacket in\nthe D2+ ions; a rotational wavepacket is also excited in residual D2 molecules.\nBoth wavepacket types are collapsed a variable time later by an ultrashort\nprobe pulse. We isolate the vibrational wavepacket and quantify its evolution\ndynamics through theoretical comparison. Requirements for quantum computation\n(initial coherence and quantum state retrieval) are studied using this\nwell-defined (small number of initial states at room temperature, initial\nwavepacket spatially localized) single-electron molecular prototype by\ntemporally stretching the pump and probe pulses.\n" }, { "id": "ca1a3f28-56c5-410f-9f5e-769945fcb0bb", "adv_source_id": "ca1a3f28-56c5-410f-9f5e-769945fcb0bb", "source_id": "ca1a3f28-56c5-410f-9f5e-769945fcb0bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probing multiband superconductivity by point-contact spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Point-contact spectroscopy was originally developed for the determination of\nthe electron-phonon spectral function in normal metals. However, in the past 20\nyears it has become an important tool in the investigation of superconductors.\nAs a matter of fact, point contacts between a normal metal and a superconductor\ncan provide information on the amplitude and symmetry of the energy gap that,\nin the superconducting state, opens up at the Fermi level. In this paper we\nreview the experimental and theoretical aspects of point-contact spectroscopy\nin superconductors, and we give an experimental survey of the most recent\napplications of this technique to anisotropic and multiband superconductors.\n" }, { "id": "ebe9aef3-0261-48fb-afe0-fe81b42cb03b", "adv_source_id": "ebe9aef3-0261-48fb-afe0-fe81b42cb03b", "source_id": "ebe9aef3-0261-48fb-afe0-fe81b42cb03b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hilbert Matrix Based Cryptosystem using a Session Key", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cryptography protects users by providing functionality for the encryption of\ndata and authentication of other users. This technology lets the receiver of an\nelectronic message verify the sender, ensures that a message can be read only\nby the intended person, and assures the recipient that a message has not be\naltered in transit. Classical cryptanalysis involves an interesting combination\nof analytical reasoning, application of mathematical tools and pattern finding.\nThe objectives of the proposed work are to propose a new cryptographic method\nbased on the special matrix called the Hilbert matrix for authentication and\nconfidentiality and to propose a model for confidentiality and authentication\nusing shared key cryptosystems with the concept of digital enveloping using a\nsession key. In the present work various algorithms are presented for\nencryption and authentication based on Hilbert matrix using a session key.\n" }, { "id": "15651ea7-0859-4d34-b63e-8d44623d5101", "adv_source_id": "15651ea7-0859-4d34-b63e-8d44623d5101", "source_id": "15651ea7-0859-4d34-b63e-8d44623d5101", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Temperature-dependent resistivity of suspended graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we investigate the electron-phonon contribution to the\nresistivity of suspended single layer graphene. In-plane as well as flexural\nphonons are addressed in different temperature regimes. We focus on the\nintrinsic electron-phonon coupling due to the interaction of electrons with\nelastic deformations in the graphene membrane. The competition between screened\ndeformation potential vs fictitious gauge field coupling is discussed, together\nwith the role of tension in the suspended flake. In the absence of tension,\nflexural phonons dominate the phonon contribution to the resistivity at any\ntemperature $T$ with a $T^{5/2}_{}$ and $T^{2}_{}$ dependence at low and high\ntemperatures, respectively. Sample-specific tension suppresses the contribution\ndue to flexural phonons, yielding a linear temperature dependence due to\nin-plane modes. We compare our results with recent experiments.\n" }, { "id": "7dec1f36-e6a9-4d03-94de-566e385b4154", "adv_source_id": "7dec1f36-e6a9-4d03-94de-566e385b4154", "source_id": "7dec1f36-e6a9-4d03-94de-566e385b4154", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Money Distributions in Chaotic Economies", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper considers the ideal gas-like model of trading markets, where each\nindividual is identified as a gas molecule that interacts with others trading\nin elastic or money-conservative collisions. Traditionally this model\nintroduces different rules of random selection and exchange between pair\nagents. Real economic transactions are complex but obviously non-random.\nConsequently, unlike this traditional model, this work implements chaotic\nelements in the evolution of an economic system. In particular, we use a\nchaotic signal that breaks the natural pairing symmetry\n$(i,j)\\Leftrightarrow(j,i)$ of a random gas-like model. As a result of that, it\nis found that a chaotic market like this can reproduce the referenced wealth\ndistributions observed in real economies (the Gamma, Exponential and Pareto\ndistributions).\n" }, { "id": "795c32f1-06b8-4199-b93c-b6a6b2146ba9", "adv_source_id": "795c32f1-06b8-4199-b93c-b6a6b2146ba9", "source_id": "795c32f1-06b8-4199-b93c-b6a6b2146ba9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum System Identification", "prompt": null, "generation": " The aim of quantum system identification is to estimate the ingredients\ninside a black box, in which some quantum-mechanical unitary process takes\nplace, by just looking at its input-output behavior. Here we establish a basic\nand general framework for quantum system identification, that allows us to\nclassify how much knowledge about the quantum system is attainable, in\nprinciple, from a given experimental setup. Prior knowledge on some elements of\nthe black box helps the system identification. We present an example in which a\nBell measurement is more efficient to identify the system. When the topology of\nthe system is known, the framework enables us to establish a general criterion\nfor the estimability of the coupling constants in its Hamiltonian.\n" }, { "id": "ab02a6ce-df1f-405a-88b4-86e2beb11ab7", "adv_source_id": "ab02a6ce-df1f-405a-88b4-86e2beb11ab7", "source_id": "ab02a6ce-df1f-405a-88b4-86e2beb11ab7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Computer simulations of the restricted primitive model at very low\n temperature and density", "prompt": null, "generation": " The problem of successfully simulating ionic fluids at low temperature and\nlow density states is well known in the simulation literature: using\nconventional methods, the system is not able to equilibrate rapidly due to the\npresence of strongly associated cation-anion pairs. In this manuscript we\npresent a numerical method for speeding up computer simulations of the\nrestricted primitive model (RPM) at low temperatures (around the critical\ntemperature) and at very low densities (down to $10^{-10}\\sigma^{-3}$, where\n$\\sigma$ is the ion diameter). Experimentally, this regime corresponds to\ntypical concentrations of electrolytes in nonaqueous solvents. As far as we are\naware, this is the first time that the RPM has been equilibrated at such\nextremely low concentrations. More generally, this method could be used to\nequilibrate other systems that form aggregates at low concentrations.\n" }, { "id": "d02ad314-76d5-413a-b387-4b343af189e6", "adv_source_id": "d02ad314-76d5-413a-b387-4b343af189e6", "source_id": "d02ad314-76d5-413a-b387-4b343af189e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Large-Scale Polarization Explorer (LSPE)", "prompt": null, "generation": " The LSPE is a balloon-borne mission aimed at measuring the polarization of\nthe Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at large angular scales, and in\nparticular to constrain the curl component of CMB polarization (B-modes)\nproduced by tensor perturbations generated during cosmic inflation, in the very\nearly universe. Its primary target is to improve the limit on the ratio of\ntensor to scalar perturbations amplitudes down to r = 0.03, at 99.7%\nconfidence. A second target is to produce wide maps of foreground polarization\ngenerated in our Galaxy by synchrotron emission and interstellar dust emission.\nThese will be important to map Galactic magnetic fields and to study the\nproperties of ionized gas and of diffuse interstellar dust in our Galaxy. The\nmission is optimized for large angular scales, with coarse angular resolution\n(around 1.5 degrees FWHM), and wide sky coverage (25% of the sky). The payload\nwill fly in a circumpolar long duration balloon mission during the polar night.\nUsing the Earth as a giant solar shield, the instrument will spin in azimuth,\nobserving a large fraction of the northern sky. The payload will host two\ninstruments. An array of coherent polarimeters using cryogenic HEMT amplifiers\nwill survey the sky at 43 and 90 GHz. An array of bolometric polarimeters,\nusing large throughput multi-mode bolometers and rotating Half Wave Plates\n(HWP), will survey the same sky region in three bands at 95, 145 and 245 GHz.\nThe wide frequency coverage will allow optimal control of the polarized\nforegrounds, with comparable angular resolution at all frequencies.\n" }, { "id": "8537533b-e702-40d1-b6cb-ee0e7ba1b088", "adv_source_id": "8537533b-e702-40d1-b6cb-ee0e7ba1b088", "source_id": "8537533b-e702-40d1-b6cb-ee0e7ba1b088", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimally (Distributional-)Robust Kalman Filtering", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present optimality results for robust Kalman filtering where robustness is\nunderstood in a distributional sense, i.e.; we enlarge the distribution\nassumptions made in the ideal model by suitable neighborhoods. This allows for\noutliers which in our context may be system-endogenous or -exogenous, which\ninduces the somewhat conflicting goals of tracking and attenuation. The\ncorresponding minimax MSE-problems are solved for both types of outliers\nseparately, resulting in closed-form saddle-points which consist of an\noptimally-robust procedure and a corresponding least favorable outlier\nsituation. The results are valid in a surprisingly general setup of state space\nmodels, which is not limited to a Euclidean or time-discrete framework. The\nsolution however involves computation of conditional means in the ideal model,\nwhich may pose computational problems. In the particular situation that the\nideal conditional mean is linear in the observation innovation, we come up with\na straight-forward Huberization, the rLS filter, which is very easy to compute.\nFor this linearity we obtain an again surprising characterization.\n" }, { "id": "ebc8268f-e1fb-4fd8-9b0c-cbb0b0aff4e0", "adv_source_id": "ebc8268f-e1fb-4fd8-9b0c-cbb0b0aff4e0", "source_id": "ebc8268f-e1fb-4fd8-9b0c-cbb0b0aff4e0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pairing correlations in exotic nuclei", "prompt": null, "generation": " The BCS and HFB theories which can accommodate the pairing correlations in\nthe ground states of atomic nuclei are presented. As an application of the\npairing theories, we investigate the spatial extension of weakly bound Ne and C\nisotopes by taking into account the pairing correlation with the\nHartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method and a 3-body model, respectively. We show\nthat the odd-even staggering in the reaction cross sections of $^{30,31,32}$Ne\nand $^{14,15,16}$C are successfully reproduced, and thus the staggering can be\nattributed to the unique role of pairing correlations in nuclei far from the\nstability line. A correlation between a one-neutron separation energy and the\nanti-halo effect is demonstrated for $s$- and p-waves using the HFB wave\nfunctions. We also propose effective density-dependent pairing interactions\nwhich reproduce both the neutron-neutron ($nn$) scattering length at zero\ndensity and the neutron pairing gap in uniform matter. Then, we apply these\ninteractions to study pairing gaps in semi-magic finite nuclei, such as Ca, Ni,\nSn and Pb isotopic chains.\n" }, { "id": "323729f5-57df-46f1-853d-2269d97a44a9", "adv_source_id": "323729f5-57df-46f1-853d-2269d97a44a9", "source_id": "323729f5-57df-46f1-853d-2269d97a44a9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Impact of Mobility on the Performance of Multicast Routing Protocols in\n MANET", "prompt": null, "generation": " The advent of ubiquitous computing and the proliferation of portable\ncomputing devices have raised the importance of mobile ad-hoc network. A major\nchallenge lies in adapting multicast communication into such environments where\nmobility and link failures are inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to\nstudy impact of mobility models in performance of multicast routing protocols\nin MANET. In this work, three widely used mobility models such as Random Way\nPoint, Reference Point Group and Manhattan mobility models and three popular\nmulticast routing protocols such as On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol,\nMulticast Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing protocol and Adaptive Demand\ndriven Multicast Routing protocol have been chosen and implemented in NS2.\nSeveral experiments have been carried out to study the relative strengths,\nweakness and applicability of multicast protocols to these mobility models.\n" }, { "id": "da6ab69e-f122-4e07-92e7-692b1773b65a", "adv_source_id": "da6ab69e-f122-4e07-92e7-692b1773b65a", "source_id": "da6ab69e-f122-4e07-92e7-692b1773b65a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Selective spin transport through a quantum heterostructure: Transfer\n matrix method", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present work we propose that a one-dimensional quantum heterostructure\ncomposed of magnetic and non-magnetic atomic sites can be utilized as a spin\nfilter for a wide range of applied bias voltage. A simple tight-binding\nframework is given to describe the conducting junction where the\nheterostructure is coupled to two semi-infinite one-dimensional non-magnetic\nelectrodes. Based on transfer matrix method all the calculations are performed\nnumerically which describe two-terminal spin dependent transmission probability\nalong with junction current through the wire. Our detailed analysis may provide\nfundamental aspects of selective spin transport phenomena in one-dimensional\nheterostructures at nano-scale level.\n" }, { "id": "70aadc33-06e3-418d-b574-18460493e2d0", "adv_source_id": "70aadc33-06e3-418d-b574-18460493e2d0", "source_id": "70aadc33-06e3-418d-b574-18460493e2d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Foxby equivalence, local duality and Gorenstein homological dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $(R,\\fm)$ be a local ring and $(-)^{\\vee}$ denote the Matlis duality\nfunctor. We investigate the relationship between Foxby equivalence and local\nduality through generalized local cohomology modules. Assume that $R$ possesses\na normalized dualizing complex $D$ and $X$ and $Y$ are two homologically\nbounded complexes of $R$-modules with finitely generated homology modules. We\npresent several duality results for $\\fm$-section complex ${\\bf\nR}\\Gamma_{\\fm}({\\bf R}\\Hom_R(X,Y))$. In particular, if G-dimension of $X$ and\ninjective dimension of $Y$ are finite, then we show that $${\\bf\nR}\\Gamma_{\\fm}({\\bf R}\\Hom_R(X,Y))\\simeq ({\\bf R}\\Hom_R(Y,D\\otimes_ R^{{\\bf\nL}}X))^{\\vee}.$$ We deduce several applications of these duality results. In\nparticular, we establish Grothendieck's non-vanishing Theorem in the context of\ngeneralized local cohomology modules.\n" }, { "id": "911837cf-b033-476e-9f00-7efeb23553c2", "adv_source_id": "911837cf-b033-476e-9f00-7efeb23553c2", "source_id": "911837cf-b033-476e-9f00-7efeb23553c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On a problem of optimal transport under marginal martingale constraints", "prompt": null, "generation": " The basic problem of optimal transportation consists in minimizing the\nexpected costs $\\mathbb {E}[c(X_1,X_2)]$ by varying the joint distribution\n$(X_1,X_2)$ where the marginal distributions of the random variables $X_1$ and\n$X_2$ are fixed. Inspired by recent applications in mathematical finance and\nconnections with the peacock problem, we study this problem under the\nadditional condition that $(X_i)_{i=1,2}$ is a martingale, that is, $\\mathbb\n{E}[X_2|X_1]=X_1$. We establish a variational principle for this problem which\nenables us to determine optimal martingale transport plans for specific cost\nfunctions. In particular, we identify a martingale coupling that resembles the\nclassic monotone quantile coupling in several respects. In analogy with the\ncelebrated theorem of Brenier, the following behavior can be observed: If the\ninitial distribution is continuous, then this \"monotone martingale\" is\nsupported by the graphs of two functions $T_1,T_2:\\mathbb {R}\\to \\mathbb {R}$.\n" }, { "id": "335c8bf8-4f4e-43a8-b14a-3dacab45c02d", "adv_source_id": "335c8bf8-4f4e-43a8-b14a-3dacab45c02d", "source_id": "335c8bf8-4f4e-43a8-b14a-3dacab45c02d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Review: A Coherent and Comprehensive Model of the Evolution of the Outer\n Solar System", "prompt": null, "generation": " Since the discovery of the first extra-solar planets, we are confronted with\nthe puzzling diversity of planetary systems. Processes like planet radial\nmigration in gas-disks and planetary orbital instabilities, often invoked to\nexplain the exotic orbits of the extra-solar planets, at first sight do not\nseem to have played a role in our system. In reality, though, there are several\naspects in the structure of our Solar System that cannot be explained in the\nclassic scenario of in-situ formation and smooth evolution of the giant\nplanets. This paper describes a new view of the evolution of the outer Solar\nSystem that emerges from the so-called 'Nice model' and its recent extensions.\nThe story provided by this model describes a very \"dynamical\" Solar System,\nwith giant planets affected by both radial migrations and a temporary orbital\ninstability. Thus, the diversity between our system and those found so far\naround other stars does not seem to be due to different processes that operated\nhere and elsewhere, but rather stems from the strong sensitivity of chaotic\nevolutions to small differences in the initial and environmental conditions.\n" }, { "id": "b5841c4b-ef3b-4bc7-b273-08a1fef8544a", "adv_source_id": "b5841c4b-ef3b-4bc7-b273-08a1fef8544a", "source_id": "b5841c4b-ef3b-4bc7-b273-08a1fef8544a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The graph bottleneck identity", "prompt": null, "generation": " A matrix $S=(s_{ij})\\in{\\mathbb R}^{n\\times n}$ is said to determine a\n\\emph{transitional measure} for a digraph $G$ on $n$ vertices if for all\n$i,j,k\\in\\{1,\\...,n\\},$ the \\emph{transition inequality} $s_{ij} s_{jk}\\le\ns_{ik} s_{jj}$ holds and reduces to the equality (called the \\emph{graph\nbottleneck identity}) if and only if every path in $G$ from $i$ to $k$ contains\n$j$. We show that every positive transitional measure produces a distance by\nmeans of a logarithmic transformation. Moreover, the resulting distance\n$d(\\cdot,\\cdot)$ is \\emph{graph-geodetic}, that is, $d(i,j)+d(j,k)=d(i,k)$\nholds if and only if every path in $G$ connecting $i$ and $k$ contains $j$.\nFive types of matrices that determine transitional measures for a digraph are\nconsidered, namely, the matrices of path weights, connection reliabilities,\nroute weights, and the weights of in-forests and out-forests. The results\nobtained have undirected counterparts. In [P. Chebotarev, A class of\ngraph-geodetic distances generalizing the shortest-path and the resistance\ndistances, Discrete Appl. Math., URL\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2010.11.017] the present approach is used to\nfill the gap between the shortest path distance and the resistance distance.\n" }, { "id": "daa8b287-e734-483f-940f-1bd7205b26f5", "adv_source_id": "daa8b287-e734-483f-940f-1bd7205b26f5", "source_id": "daa8b287-e734-483f-940f-1bd7205b26f5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new observational tracer for high-density disc-like structures around\n B[e] supergiants", "prompt": null, "generation": " The disc formation mechanism of B[e] supergiants is one of the puzzling\nphenomena in massive star evolution. Rapid stellar rotation seems to play an\nimportant role for the non-spherically symmetric mass-loss leading to a\nhigh-density disc or ring-like structure of neutral material around these\nmassive and luminous objects. The radial density and temperature structure as\nwell as the kinematics within this high-density material are, however, not well\nstudied. Based on high-resolution optical spectra of a sample of B[e]\nsupergiants in the Magellanic Clouds we especially searched for tracers of the\nkinematics within their discs. Besides the well-known [O I] lines, we\ndiscovered the [Ca II] {\\lambda}{\\lambda}7291, 7324 lines that can be used as a\ncomplementary set of disc tracers. We find that these lines originate from very\nhigh-density regions, located closer to the star than the [O I] {\\lambda}5577\nline-forming region. The line profiles of both the [O I] and the [Ca II] lines\nindicate that the discs or rings of high-density material are in Keplerian\nrotation. We estimate plausible ranges of disc inclination angles for the\nsample of B[e] supergiants and suggest that the star LHA 120-S 22 might have a\nspiral arm rather than a disc.\n" }, { "id": "32bad8fd-7a65-43d1-9824-12c687c90ef6", "adv_source_id": "32bad8fd-7a65-43d1-9824-12c687c90ef6", "source_id": "32bad8fd-7a65-43d1-9824-12c687c90ef6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Deviations from the Schmidt-Kennicutt relations during early galaxy\n evolution", "prompt": null, "generation": " We utilize detailed time-varying models of the coupled evolution of stars and\nthe HI, H_2, and CO-bright H_2 gas phases in galaxy-sized numerical simulations\nto explore the evolution of gas-rich and/or metal-poor systems, expected to be\nnumerous in the Early Universe. The inclusion of the CO-bright H_2 gas phase,\nand the realistic rendering of star formation as an H_2-regulated process (and\nthe new feedback processes that this entails) allows the most realistic\ntracking of strongly evolving galaxies, and much better comparison with\nobservations. We find that while galaxies eventually settle into states\nconforming to Schmidt-Kennicutt (S-K) relations, significant and systematic\ndeviations of their star formation rates (SFRs) from the latter occur,\nespecially pronounced and prolonged for ...\n ...This indicates potentially serious limitations of (S-K)-type relations as\nreliable sub-grid elements of star formation physics in simulations of\nstructure formation in the Early Universe. We anticipate that galaxies with\nmarked deviations from the S-K relations will be found at high redshifts as\nunbiased inventories of total gas mass become possible with ALMA and the EVLA.\n" }, { "id": "0439f2e2-6600-4931-a804-f7ae5138921c", "adv_source_id": "0439f2e2-6600-4931-a804-f7ae5138921c", "source_id": "0439f2e2-6600-4931-a804-f7ae5138921c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Set Matrix Theory as a Physically Motivated Generalization of\n Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, the Elementary Process Theory (EPT) has been developed as a set of\nfundamental principles that might underlie a gravitational repulsion of matter\nand antimatter. This paper presents set matrix theory (SMT) as the foundation\nof the mathematical-logical framework in which the EPT has been formalized:\nZermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF), namely, cannot be used as such. SMT is a\ngeneralization of ZF: whereas ZF uses only sets as primitive objects, in the\nframework of SMT finite matrices with set-valued entries are objects sui\ngeneris, with a one-by-one set matrix [x] being identical to the set x. It is\nproved that every set that can be constructed in ZF can also be constructed in\nSMT: as a mathematical foundation, SMT is thus not weaker than ZF. In addition,\nit is shown that SMT is more suitable han ZF for the intended application to\nphysics. The conclusion is that SMT, contrary to ZF, is acceptable as the\nmathematical-logical foundation of the framework for physics that is determined\nby the EPT.\n" }, { "id": "b48ca992-9287-493a-903d-c8248cc57e0c", "adv_source_id": "b48ca992-9287-493a-903d-c8248cc57e0c", "source_id": "b48ca992-9287-493a-903d-c8248cc57e0c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "$Q$-deformed description of excitons and associated physical results", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider excitons in a quantum dot as q-deformed systems. Interaction of\nsome excitonic systems with one cavity mode is considered. Dynamics of the\nsystem is obtained by diagonalizing total Hamiltonian and emission spectrum of\nquantum dot is derived. Physical consequences of q-deformed exciton on emission\nspectrum of quantum dot is given. It is shown that when the exciton system\ndeviates from Bose statistics, emission spectra will become multi peak. With\nour investigation we try to find the origin of the q-deformation of exciton.\nThe optical response of excitons, which affected by the nonlinear nature of\nq-deformed systems, up to the second order of approximation is calculated and\nabsorption spectra of the system is given.\n" }, { "id": "625ae9b4-faeb-467b-a405-5a9c8c92b506", "adv_source_id": "625ae9b4-faeb-467b-a405-5a9c8c92b506", "source_id": "625ae9b4-faeb-467b-a405-5a9c8c92b506", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Eighth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Data from\n SDSS-III", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) started a new phase in August 2008, with\nnew instrumentation and new surveys focused on Galactic structure and chemical\nevolution, measurements of the baryon oscillation feature in the clustering of\ngalaxies and the quasar Ly alpha forest, and a radial velocity search for\nplanets around ~8000 stars. This paper describes the first data release of\nSDSS-III (and the eighth counting from the beginning of the SDSS). The release\nincludes five-band imaging of roughly 5200 deg^2 in the Southern Galactic Cap,\nbringing the total footprint of the SDSS imaging to 14,555 deg^2, or over a\nthird of the Celestial Sphere. All the imaging data have been reprocessed with\nan improved sky-subtraction algorithm and a final, self-consistent photometric\nrecalibration and flat-field determination. This release also includes all data\nfrom the second phase of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and\nEvolution (SEGUE-2), consisting of spectroscopy of approximately 118,000 stars\nat both high and low Galactic latitudes. All the more than half a million\nstellar spectra obtained with the SDSS spectrograph have been reprocessed\nthrough an improved stellar parameters pipeline, which has better determination\nof metallicity for high metallicity stars.\n" }, { "id": "08c46db7-0181-4c41-832a-e0b3d0907fee", "adv_source_id": "08c46db7-0181-4c41-832a-e0b3d0907fee", "source_id": "08c46db7-0181-4c41-832a-e0b3d0907fee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonparametric Bayesian Approaches to Non-homogeneous Hidden Markov\n Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article a flexible Bayesian non-parametric model is proposed for\nnon-homogeneous hidden Markov models. The model is developed through the\namalgamation of the ideas of hidden Markov models and predictor dependent\nstick-breaking processes. Computation is carried out using auxiliary variable\nrepresentation of the model which enable us to perform exact MCMC sampling from\nthe posterior. Furthermore, the model is extended to the situation when the\npredictors can simultaneously in influence the transition dynamics of the\nhidden states as well as the emission distribution. Estimates of few steps\nahead conditional predictive distributions of the response have been used as\nperformance diagnostics for these models. The proposed methodology is\nillustrated through simulation experiments as well as analysis of a real data\nset concerned with the prediction of rainfall induced malaria epidemics.\n" }, { "id": "80787ffa-1f6f-4c17-8a4d-5eae7d47d3dd", "adv_source_id": "80787ffa-1f6f-4c17-8a4d-5eae7d47d3dd", "source_id": "80787ffa-1f6f-4c17-8a4d-5eae7d47d3dd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "H-alpha Activity of Old M Dwarfs: Stellar Cycles and Mean Activity\n Levels For 93 Low-Mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood", "prompt": null, "generation": " Through the McDonald Observatory M Dwarf Planet Search, we have acquired\nnearly 3,000 high-resolution spectra of 93 late-type (K5-M5) stars over more\nthan a decade using HET/HRS. This sample provides a unique opportunity to\ninvestigate the occurrence of long-term stellar activity cycles for low-mass\nstars. In this paper, we examine the stellar activity of our targets as\nreflected in the H-alpha feature. We have identified periodic signals for 6\nstars, with periods ranging from days to more than 10 years, and find long-term\ntrends for 7 others. Stellar cycles with P > 1 year are present for at least 5%\nof our targets. Additionally, we present an analysis of the time-averaged\nactivity levels of our sample, and search for correlations with other stellar\nproperties. In particular, we find that more massive, earlier type (M0-M2)\nstars tend to be more active than later type dwarfs. Furthermore,\nhigh-metallicity stars tend to be more active at a given stellar mass. We also\nevaluate H-alpha variability as a tracer of activity-induced radial velocity\n(RV) variation. For the M dwarf GJ 1170, H-alpha variation reveals stellar\nactivity patterns matching those seen in the RVs, mimicking the signal of a\ngiant planet, and we find evidence that the previously identified stellar\nactivity cycle of GJ 581 may be responsible for the recently retracted planet f\n(Vogt et al. 2012) in that system. In general, though, we find that H-alpha is\nnot frequently correlated with RV at the precision (typically 6-7 m/s) of our\nmeasurements.\n" }, { "id": "a0d9ab5e-f022-49bd-9d82-036fea908c06", "adv_source_id": "a0d9ab5e-f022-49bd-9d82-036fea908c06", "source_id": "a0d9ab5e-f022-49bd-9d82-036fea908c06", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-Parametric Field Estimation using Randomly Deployed, Noisy, Binary\n Sensors", "prompt": null, "generation": " The reconstruction of a deterministic data field from binary-quantized noisy\nobservations of sensors which are randomly deployed over the field domain is\nstudied. The study focuses on the extremes of lack of deterministic control in\nthe sensor deployment, lack of knowledge of the noise distribution, and lack of\nsensing precision and reliability. Such adverse conditions are motivated by\npossible real-world scenarios where a large collection of low-cost, crudely\nmanufactured sensors are mass-deployed in an environment where little can be\nassumed about the ambient noise. A simple estimator that reconstructs the\nentire data field from these unreliable, binary-quantized, noisy observations\nis proposed. Technical conditions for the almost sure and integrated mean\nsquared error (MSE) convergence of the estimate to the data field, as the\nnumber of sensors tends to infinity, are derived and their implications are\ndiscussed. For finite-dimensional, bounded-variation, and\nSobolev-differentiable function classes, specific integrated MSE decay rates\nare derived. For the first and third function classes these rates are found to\nbe minimax order optimal with respect to infinite precision sensing and known\nnoise distribution.\n" }, { "id": "cc8e0567-f3e0-4096-9bfb-aaac815ffda4", "adv_source_id": "cc8e0567-f3e0-4096-9bfb-aaac815ffda4", "source_id": "cc8e0567-f3e0-4096-9bfb-aaac815ffda4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Representations of Coherent and Squeezed States in an Extended\n Two-parameters Fock Space", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently a $f$-deformed Fock space which is spanned by $|n>_{\\lambda}$ has\nbeen introduced. These bases are indeed the eigen-states of a deformed\nnon-Hermitian Hamiltonian. In this contribution, we will use a rather new\nnon-orthogonal basis vectors for the construction of coherent and squeezed\nstates, which in special case lead to the earlier known states. For this\npurpose, we first generalize the previously introduced Fock space spanned by\n$|n>_{\\lambda}$ bases, to a new one, spanned by an extended two-parameters\nbases $|n>_{\\lambda_{1},\\lambda_{2}}$. These bases are now the eigen-states of\na non-Hermitian Hamiltonian\n$H_{\\lambda_{1},\\lambda_{2}}=a^{\\dagger}_{\\lambda_{1},\\lambda_{2}}a+1/2$, where\n$a^{\\dagger}_{\\lambda_{1},\\lambda_{2}}=a^{\\dagger}+\\lambda_{1}a + \\lambda_{2}$\nand $a$ are respectively, the deformed creation and ordinary bosonic\nannihilation operators. The bases $|n>_{\\lambda_{1},\\lambda_{2}}$ are\nnon-orthogonal (squeezed states), but normalizable. Then, we deduce the new\nrepresentations of coherent and squeezed states, in our two-parameters Fock\nspace. Finally, we discuss the quantum statistical properties, as well as the\nnon-classical properties of the obtained states, numerically.\n" }, { "id": "29830cdd-4b75-4445-be94-87f515a12c37", "adv_source_id": "29830cdd-4b75-4445-be94-87f515a12c37", "source_id": "29830cdd-4b75-4445-be94-87f515a12c37", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Microcanonical Origin of the Maximum Entropy Principle for Open Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " The canonical ensemble describes an open system in equilibrium with a heat\nbath of fixed temperature. The probability distribution of such a system, the\nBoltzmann distribution, is derived from the uniform probability distribution of\nthe closed universe consisting of the open system and the heat bath, by taking\nthe limit where the heat bath is much larger than the system of interest.\nAlternatively, the Boltzmann distribution can be derived from the Maximum\nEntropy Principle, where the Gibbs-Shannon entropy is maximized under the\nconstraint that the mean energy of the open system is fixed. To make the\nconnection between these two apparently distinct methods for deriving the\nBoltzmann distribution, it is first shown that the uniform distribution for a\nmicrocanonical distribution is obtained from the Maximum Entropy Principle\napplied to a closed system. Then I show that the target function in the Maximum\nEntropy Principle for the open system, is obtained by partial maximization of\nGibbs-Shannon entropy of the closed universe over the microstate probability\ndistributions of the heat bath. Thus, microcanonical origin of the Entropy\nMaximization procedure for an open system, is established in a rigorous manner,\nshowing the equivalence between apparently two distinct approaches for deriving\nthe Boltzmann distribution. By extending the mathematical formalism to\ndynamical paths, the result may also provide an alternative justification for\nthe principle of path entropy maximization as well.\n" }, { "id": "898c70fe-742b-449f-bd42-7e035222155a", "adv_source_id": "898c70fe-742b-449f-bd42-7e035222155a", "source_id": "898c70fe-742b-449f-bd42-7e035222155a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum lost property: a possible operational meaning for the\n Hilbert-Schmidt product", "prompt": null, "generation": " Minimum error state discrimination between two mixed states \\rho and \\sigma\ncan be aided by the receipt of \"classical side information\" specifying which\nstates from some convex decompositions of \\rho and \\sigma apply in each run. We\nquantify this phenomena by the average trace distance, and give lower and upper\nbounds on this quantity as functions of \\rho and \\sigma. The lower bound is\nsimply the trace distance between \\rho and \\sigma, trivially seen to be tight.\nThe upper bound is \\sqrt{1 - tr(\\rho\\sigma)}, and we conjecture that this is\nalso tight. We reformulate this conjecture in terms of the existence of a pair\nof \"unbiased decompositions\", which may be of independent interest, and prove\nit for a few special cases. Finally, we point towards a link with a notion of\nnon-classicality known as preparation contextuality.\n" }, { "id": "3ddec4ab-05ad-4c38-9f33-ee24558ce5dc", "adv_source_id": "3ddec4ab-05ad-4c38-9f33-ee24558ce5dc", "source_id": "3ddec4ab-05ad-4c38-9f33-ee24558ce5dc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New developments of the ZZ Ceti instability strip: The discovery of\n eleven new variables", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the SOAR 4.1 m telescope, we report on the discovery of low amplitude\npulsations for three stars previously reported as Not-Observed-to-Vary (NOV) by\nMukadam et al. (2004) and Mullally et al. (2005), which are inside the ZZ Ceti\ninstability strip. With the two pulsators discovered by Castanheira et al.\n(2007), we have now found variability in a total of five stars previously\nreported as NOVs. We also report the variability of eight new pulsating stars,\nnot previously observed, bringing the total number of known ZZ Ceti stars to\n148. In addition, we lowered the detection limit for ten NOVs located near the\nedges of the ZZ Ceti instability strip. Our results are consistent with a pure\nmass dependent ZZ Ceti instability strip.\n" }, { "id": "6fbafec0-1619-4616-b214-a25a2a84ee6b", "adv_source_id": "6fbafec0-1619-4616-b214-a25a2a84ee6b", "source_id": "6fbafec0-1619-4616-b214-a25a2a84ee6b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Linear acceleration emission in pulsar magnetospheres", "prompt": null, "generation": " (abbrev.) Linear acceleration emission occurs when a charged particle is\naccelerated parallel to its velocity. We evaluate the spectral and angular\ndistribution of this radiation for several special cases, including constant\nacceleration (hyperbolic motion) of finite duration. Based on these results, we\nfind the following general properties of the emission from an electron in a\nlinear accelerator that can be characterized by an electric field E acting over\na distance L: (i) the spectrum extends to a cut-off photon energy ~ LE^2 MeV,\nwhere E is in units of the Schwinger critical field and L in units of the\nCompton wavelength of the electron. (ii) the total energy emitted by a particle\ntraversing the accelerator is in agreement with the standard Larmor formula\n(iii) the low frequency spectrum is flat for hyperbolic trajectories, but in\ngeneral depends on the details of the accelerator. We also show that linear\nacceleration emission complements curvature radiation in the strongly\nmagnetized pair formation regions in pulsar magnetospheres. It dominates when\nthe length L of the accelerator is less than the formation length of curvature\nphotons, which is given by the ratio of the radius of curvature of the magnetic\nfield lines to the Lorentz factor of the particle. In standard static models of\npair creating regions linear acceleration emission is negligible, but it is\nimportant in more realistic dynamical models in which the accelerating field\nfluctuates on a short length-scale.\n" }, { "id": "07cc0fb7-a55e-42e3-b8fe-7d86ab55f133", "adv_source_id": "07cc0fb7-a55e-42e3-b8fe-7d86ab55f133", "source_id": "07cc0fb7-a55e-42e3-b8fe-7d86ab55f133", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Frequency of Rapid Rotation Among K Giant Stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the results of a search for unusually rapidly rotating giant stars\nin a large sample of K giants (~1300 stars) that had been spectroscopically\nmonitored as potential targets for the Space Interferometry Mission's\nAstrometric Grid. The stars in this catalog are much fainter and typically more\nmetal-poor than those of other catalogs of red giant star rotational\nvelocities, but the spectra generally only have signal-to-noise (S/N) of\n~20-60, making the measurement of the widths of individual lines difficult. To\ncompensate for this, we have developed a cross-correlation method to derive\nrotational velocities in moderate S/N echelle spectra to efficiently probe this\nsample for rapid rotator candidates. We have discovered 28 new red giant rapid\nrotators as well as one extreme rapid rotator with a vsini of 86.4 km/s. Rapid\nrotators comprise 2.2% of our sample, which is consistent with other surveys of\nbrighter, more metal-rich K giant stars. Although we find that the temperature\ndistribution of rapid rotators is similar to that of the slow rotators, this\nmay not be the case with the distributions of surface gravity and metallicity.\nThe rapid rotators show a slight overabundance of low gravity stars and as a\ngroup are significantly more metal-poor than the slow rotators, which may\nindicate that the rotators are tidally-locked binaries.\n" }, { "id": "77797ced-a591-47d7-bcd6-8dea8767a4df", "adv_source_id": "77797ced-a591-47d7-bcd6-8dea8767a4df", "source_id": "77797ced-a591-47d7-bcd6-8dea8767a4df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The entanglement of the XY spin chain in a random magnetic field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the entanglement of the ferromagnetic XY model in a random\nmagnetic field at zero temperature and in the uniform magnetic field at finite\ntemperatures. We use the concurrence to quantify the entanglement. We find\nthat, in the ferromagnetic region of the uniform magnetic field $h$, all the\nconcurrences are \\textit{generated} by the random magnetic field and by the\nthermal fluctuation. In one particular region of $h$, the next-nearest neighbor\nconcurrence is generated by the random field but not at finite temperatures. We\nalso find that the qualitative behavior of the maximum point of the\nentanglement in the random magnetic field depends on whether the variance of\nits distribution function is finite or not.\n" }, { "id": "157979ae-60b5-45fe-bfac-a3d1b84eeb71", "adv_source_id": "157979ae-60b5-45fe-bfac-a3d1b84eeb71", "source_id": "157979ae-60b5-45fe-bfac-a3d1b84eeb71", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Random Dieudonne modules, random p-divisible groups, and random curves\n over finite fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a probability distribution on isomorphism classes of principally\nquasi-polarized p-divisible groups over a finite field k of characteristic p\nwhich can reasonably be thought of as \"uniform distribution,\" and we compute\nthe distribution of various statistics (p-corank, a-number, etc.) of\np-divisible groups drawn from this distribution. It is then natural to ask to\nwhat extent the p-divisible groups attached to a randomly chosen hyperelliptic\ncurve (resp. curve, resp. abelian variety) over k are uniformly distributed in\nthis sense. For instance, one can ask whether the proportion of genus-g curves\nover F_p whose Jacobian is ordinary approaches the limit that such a heuristic\nwould predict. This heuristic is analogous to conjectures of Cohen-Lenstra type\nfor fields k of characteristic other than p, in which case the random\np-divisible group is defined by a random matrix recording the action of\nFrobenius. Extensive numerical investigation reveals some cases of agreement\nwith the heuristic and some interesting discrepancies. For example, plane\ncurves over F_3 appear substantially less likely to be ordinary than\nhyperelliptic curves over F_3.\n" }, { "id": "72d3508c-37ea-41d9-8df8-c7854eed3fda", "adv_source_id": "72d3508c-37ea-41d9-8df8-c7854eed3fda", "source_id": "72d3508c-37ea-41d9-8df8-c7854eed3fda", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "AKARI Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Luminous Infrared Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the AKARI near-infrared (NIR; 2.5-5 micron) spectroscopic study of\n36 (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies [(U)LIRGs] at z=0.01-0.4. We measure the\nNIR spectral features including the strengths of 3.3 micron polycyclic aromatic\nhydrocarbon (PAH) emission and hydrogen recombination lines (Br\\alpha. and\nBr\\beta), optical depths at 3.1 and 3.4 micron, and NIR continuum slope. These\nspectral features are used to identify optically elusive, buried AGN. We find\nthat half of the (U)LIRGs optically classified as non-Seyferts show AGN\nsignatures in their NIR spectra. Using a combined sample of (U)LIRGs with NIR\nspectra in the literature, we measure the contribution of buried AGN to the\ninfrared luminosity from the SED-fitting to the IRAS photometry. The\ncontribution of these buried AGN to the infrared luminosity is 5-10%, smaller\nthan the typical AGN contribution of (U)LIRGs including Seyfert galaxies\n(10-40%). We show that NIR continuum slopes correlate well with WISE\n[3.4]-[4.6] colors, which would be useful for identifying a large number of\nburied AGN using the WISE data.\n" }, { "id": "d910e44c-3a1c-4665-b104-9b2f5e6fcb14", "adv_source_id": "d910e44c-3a1c-4665-b104-9b2f5e6fcb14", "source_id": "d910e44c-3a1c-4665-b104-9b2f5e6fcb14", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Data Stream Algorithms for Codeword Testing", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by applications in storage systems and property testing, we study\ndata stream algorithms for local testing and tolerant testing of codes.\nIdeally, we would like to know whether there exist asymptotically good codes\nthat can be local/tolerant tested with one-pass, poly-log space data stream\nalgorithms. We show that for the error detection problem (and hence, the local\ntesting problem), there exists a one-pass, log-space data stream algorithm for\na broad class of asymptotically good codes, including the Reed-Solomon (RS)\ncode and expander codes. In our technically more involved result, we give a\none-pass, $O(e\\log^2{n})$-space algorithm for RS (and related) codes with\ndimension $k$ and block length $n$ that can distinguish between the cases when\nthe Hamming distance between the received word and the code is at most $e$ and\nat least $a\\cdot e$ for some absolute constant $a>1$. For RS codes with random\nerrors, we can obtain $e\\le O(n/k)$. For folded RS codes, we obtain similar\nresults for worst-case errors as long as $e\\le (n/k)^{1-\\eps}$ for any constant\n$\\eps>0$. These results follow by reducing the tolerant testing problem to the\nerror detection problem using results from group testing and the list\ndecodability of the code. We also show that using our techniques, the space\nrequirement and the upper bound of $e\\le O(n/k)$ cannot be improved by more\nthan logarithmic factors.\n" }, { "id": "700188d9-47c2-4daf-9083-180caec070b9", "adv_source_id": "700188d9-47c2-4daf-9083-180caec070b9", "source_id": "700188d9-47c2-4daf-9083-180caec070b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photon-Assisted Process and High-Harmonic Dynamic Localization in\n Graphene Nanoribbons", "prompt": null, "generation": " We used a complete tight-binding band structure of graphene nanoribbon to\nobtain, for the first time, analytical techniques for observing photon assisted\ntransport, and dynamic localization of electrons in the graphene nanoribbons.\nWhen the ribbons are subject to a multi-frequency dc-ac field, photon assisted\nreplicas show up at rather strong drive force. The strong dependence of the\nphoton peaks on ac amplitudes allow for high-harmonic dynamic oscillations at\nthese amplitudes. We identified regions of positive differential conductivity\nwhere a nanoelectronic graphene device may be operated as a small signal\namplifier. Our research has also reveal another quantum mechanical phenomenon,\nfractional photon assisted transport, when the stark factor $r > 1$.\n" }, { "id": "084e86bd-43c3-438d-890b-4c955b63f029", "adv_source_id": "084e86bd-43c3-438d-890b-4c955b63f029", "source_id": "084e86bd-43c3-438d-890b-4c955b63f029", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Finite sums of projections in von Neumann algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " We first prove that in a sigma-finite von Neumann factor M, a positive\nelement $a$ with properly infinite range projection R_a is a linear combination\nof projections with positive coefficients if and only if the essential norm\n||a||_e with respect to the closed two-sided ideal J(M) generated by the finite\nprojections of M does not vanish. Then we show that if ||a||_e>1, then a is a\nfinite sum of projections. Both these results are extended to general properly\ninfinite von Neumann algebras in terms of central essential spectra.\n Secondly, we provide a necessary condition for a positive operator a to be a\nfinite sum of projections in terms of the principal ideals generated by the\nexcess part a_+:=(a-I)\\chi_a(1,\\infty) and the defect part a_-:= (I-a)\\chi_a(0,\n1) of a; this result appears to be new also for B(H).\n Thirdly, we prove that in a type II_1 factor a sufficient condition for a\npositive diagonalizable operators to be a finite sum of projections is that\n\\tau(a_+)- \\tau(a_-)>0.\n" }, { "id": "44e916e8-3b39-453a-94a9-e2c5ac0b8655", "adv_source_id": "44e916e8-3b39-453a-94a9-e2c5ac0b8655", "source_id": "44e916e8-3b39-453a-94a9-e2c5ac0b8655", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Propagation of light in low pressure gas", "prompt": null, "generation": " The criticism by W. E. Lamb, W. Schleich, M. Scully, C. Townes of a\nsimplified quantum electrodynamics which represents the photon as a true\nparticle is illustrated. Collisions being absent in low-pressure gas, exchanges\nof energy are radiative and coherent. Thin shells of plasma containing atoms in\na model introduced by Str\\\"omgren are superradiant, seen as circles possibly\ndotted. Spectral radiance of novae has magnitude of laser radiance, and column\ndensities are large in nebulae: Superradiance, multiphoton effects, etc., work\nin astrophysics. The superradiant beams induce multiphotonic scatterings of\nlight emitted by the stars, brightening the limbs of plasma bubbles and\ndarkening the stars. In excited atomic hydrogen, impulsive Raman scatterings\nshift frequencies of light. Microwaves exchanged with the Pioneer probes are\nblueshifted, simulating anomalous accelerations. Substituting coherence for\nwrong calculations in astrophysical papers, improves results, avoids \"new\nphysics\".\n" }, { "id": "1116336f-40db-4301-b12d-6e56d16927fb", "adv_source_id": "1116336f-40db-4301-b12d-6e56d16927fb", "source_id": "1116336f-40db-4301-b12d-6e56d16927fb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Approximation by Semigroups of Spherical Operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper discusses the approximation by %semigroups of operators of class\n($\\mathscr{C}_0$) on the sphere and focuses on a class of so called\nexponential-type multiplier operators. It is proved that such operators form a\nstrongly continuous semigroup of contraction operators of class\n($\\mathscr{C}_0$), from which the equivalence between approximation for these\noperators and $K$-functionals introduced by the operators is given. As\nexamples, the constructed $r$-th Boolean of generalized spherical Abel-Poisson\noperator and $r$-th Boolean of generalized spherical Weierstrass operator\ndenoted by $\\oplus^r V_t^{\\gamma}$ and $\\oplus^r W_t^{\\kappa}$ separately ($r$\nis any positive integer, $0<\\gamma,\\kappa\\leq1$ and $t>0$) satisfy that\n $\\|\\oplus^r V_t^{\\gamma}f - f\\|_{\\mathcal{X}}\\approx\n\\omega^{r\\gamma}(f,t^{1/\\gamma})_{\\mathcal{X}}$ and $\\|\\oplus^r W_t^{\\kappa}f -\nf\\|_{\\mathcal{X}}\\approx \\omega^{2r\\gamma}(f,t^{1/(2\\kappa)})_{\\mathcal{X}}$,\nfor all $f\\in \\mathcal{X}$, where $\\mathcal{X}$ is a Banach space of continuous\nfunctions or $\\mathcal{L}^p$-integrable functions ($1\\leq p<\\infty$) and\n$\\|\\cdot\\|_{\\mathcal{X}}$ is the norm on $\\mathcal{X}$ and\n$\\omega^s(f,t)_{\\mathcal{X}}$ is the moduli of smoothness of degree $s>0$ for\n$f\\in \\mathcal{X}$. The saturation order and saturation class of the regular\nexponential-type multiplier operators with positive kernels are also obtained.\nMoreover, it is proved that $\\oplus^r V_t^{\\gamma}$ and $\\oplus^r W_t^{\\kappa}$\nhave the same saturation class if $\\gamma=2\\kappa$.\n" }, { "id": "9b2cb46d-7546-4a7d-9403-8bc128a250e2", "adv_source_id": "9b2cb46d-7546-4a7d-9403-8bc128a250e2", "source_id": "9b2cb46d-7546-4a7d-9403-8bc128a250e2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "OFDM Channel Estimation Based on Adaptive Thresholding for Sparse Signal\n Detection", "prompt": null, "generation": " Wireless OFDM channels can be approximated by a time varying filter with\nsparse time domain taps. Recent achievements in sparse signal processing such\nas compressed sensing have facilitated the use of sparsity in estimation, which\nimproves the performance significantly. The problem of these sparse-based\nmethods is the need for a stable transformation matrix which is not fulfilled\nin the current transmission setups. To assist the analog filtering at the\nreceiver, the transmitter leaves some of the subcarriers at both edges of the\nbandwidth unused which results in an ill-conditioned DFT submatrix. To overcome\nthis difficulty we propose Adaptive Thresholding for Sparse Signal Detection\n(ATSSD). Simulation results confirm that the proposed method works well in\ntime-invariant and specially time-varying channels where other methods may not\nwork as well.\n" }, { "id": "acc9cad6-202f-4fcf-a58a-69413901798a", "adv_source_id": "acc9cad6-202f-4fcf-a58a-69413901798a", "source_id": "acc9cad6-202f-4fcf-a58a-69413901798a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orthogonal rotation in PCAMIX", "prompt": null, "generation": " Kiers (1991) considered the orthogonal rotation in PCAMIX, a principal\ncomponent method for a mixture of qualitative and quantitative variables.\nPCAMIX includes the ordinary principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple\ncorrespondence analysis (MCA) as special cases. In this paper, we give a new\npresentation of PCAMIX where the principal components and the squared loadings\nare obtained from a Singular Value Decomposition. The loadings of the\nquantitative variables and the principal coordinates of the categories of the\nqualitative variables are also obtained directly. In this context, we propose a\ncomputationaly efficient procedure for varimax rotation in PCAMIX and a direct\nsolution for the optimal angle of rotation. A simulation study shows the good\ncomputational behavior of the proposed algorithm. An application on a real data\nset illustrates the interest of using rotation in MCA. All source codes are\navailable in the R package \"PCAmixdata\".\n" }, { "id": "3d56808f-c28d-48cc-a760-26d0cf54608a", "adv_source_id": "3d56808f-c28d-48cc-a760-26d0cf54608a", "source_id": "3d56808f-c28d-48cc-a760-26d0cf54608a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal Focusing for Monochromatic Scalar and Electromagnetic Waves", "prompt": null, "generation": " For monochromatic solutions of D'Alembert's wave equation and Maxwell's\nequations, we obtain sharp bounds on the sup norm as a function of the far\nfield energy. The extremizer in the scalar case is radial. In the case of\nMaxwell's equation, the electric field maximizing the value at the origin\nfollows longitude lines on the sphere at infinity. In dimension $d=3$ the\nhighest electric field for Maxwell's equation is smaller by a factor 2/3 than\nthe highest corresponding scalar waves.\n The highest electric field densities on the balls $B_R(0)$ occur as $R\\to 0$.\nThe density dips to half max at $R$ approximately equal to one third the\nwavelength. The extremizing fields are identical to those that attain the\nmaximum field intensity at the origin.\n" }, { "id": "1c8b00af-a5b7-45d5-b41d-4fb541bb6ad9", "adv_source_id": "1c8b00af-a5b7-45d5-b41d-4fb541bb6ad9", "source_id": "1c8b00af-a5b7-45d5-b41d-4fb541bb6ad9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Rational Approach to Resonance Saturation in large-Nc QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " We point out that resonance saturation in QCD can be understood in the\nlarge-Nc limit from the mathematical theory of Pade Approximants to meromorphic\nfunctions. These approximants are rational functions which encompass any\nsaturation with a finite number of resonances as a particular example,\nexplaining several results which have appeared in the literature. We review the\nmain properties of Pade Approximants with the help of a toy model for the\n two-point correlator, paying particular attention to the relationship\namong the Chiral Expansion, the Operator Product Expansion and the resonance\nspectrum. In passing, we also comment on an old proposal made by Migdal in 1977\nwhich has recently attracted much attention in the context of AdS/QCD models.\nFinally, we apply the simplest Pade Approximant to the correlator in\nthe real case of QCD. The general conclusion is that a rational approximant may\nreliably describe a Green's function in the Euclidean, but the same is not true\nin the Minkowski regime due to the appearance of unphysical poles and/or\nresidues.\n" }, { "id": "5189856b-6ab5-4b6d-9e57-e159d140c6be", "adv_source_id": "5189856b-6ab5-4b6d-9e57-e159d140c6be", "source_id": "5189856b-6ab5-4b6d-9e57-e159d140c6be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modeling non-stationarities in high-frequency financial time series", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study tick-by-tick financial returns belonging to the FTSE MIB index of\nthe Italian Stock Exchange (Borsa Italiana). We can confirm previously detected\nnon-stationarities. However, scaling properties reported in the previous\nliterature for other high-frequency financial data are only approximately\nvalid. As a consequence of the empirical analyses, we propose a simple method\nfor describing non-stationary returns, based on a non-homogeneous normal\ncompound Poisson process. We test this model against the empirical findings and\nit turns out that the model can approximately reproduce several stylized facts\nof high-frequency financial time series. Moreover, using Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we analyze order selection for this model class using three\ninformation criteria: Akaike's information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian\ninformation criterion (BIC) and the Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQ).\nFor comparison, we also perform a similar Monte Carlo experiment for the ACD\n(autoregressive conditional duration) model. Our results show that the\ninformation criteria work best for small parameter numbers for the compound\nPoisson type models, whereas for the ACD model the model selection procedure\ndoes not work well in certain cases.\n" }, { "id": "cbf52f16-f3b1-446c-893a-72f7d7501836", "adv_source_id": "cbf52f16-f3b1-446c-893a-72f7d7501836", "source_id": "cbf52f16-f3b1-446c-893a-72f7d7501836", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Jordan decomposition for a class of non-symmetric\n Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we calculate the Jordan decomposition (or say, the Jordan\ncanonical form) for a class of non-symmetric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators with\nthe drift coefficient matrix being a Jordan block and the diffusion coefficient\nmatrix being identity multiplying a constant. For the 2-dimensional case, we\npresent all the general eigenfunctions by the induction. For the 3-dimensional\ncase, we divide the calculating of the Jordan decomposition into several steps\n(the key step is to do the canonical projection onto the homogeneous Hermite\npolynomials, next we use the theory of systems of linear equations). As a\nby-pass product, we get the geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalue of the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck operator.\n" }, { "id": "e07d9661-06f4-4eb0-ba96-947d95af078d", "adv_source_id": "e07d9661-06f4-4eb0-ba96-947d95af078d", "source_id": "e07d9661-06f4-4eb0-ba96-947d95af078d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Using self-similarity and renormalization group to analyze time series", "prompt": null, "generation": " An algorithm based on Renormalization Group (RG) to analyze time series\nforecasting was proposed in cond-mat/0110285. In this paper we explicitly code\nand test it. We choose in particular some financial time series (stocks,\nindexes and commodities) with daily data and compute one step ahead forecasts.\nWe then construct some indicators to evaluate performances. The algorithm is\nsupposed to prescribe the future development of the time series by using the\nself-similarity property intrinsically present in RG approach. This property\ncould be potentially very attractive for the purpose of building winning\ntrading systems. We discuss some relevant points along this direction. Although\ncurrent performances have to be improved the algorithm seems quite reactive to\nvarious combinations of input parameters and different past values sequences.\nThis makes it a potentially good candidate to detect sharp market movements. We\nfinally mention current drawbacks and sketch how to improve them.\n" }, { "id": "8fe8c430-53c9-4f13-a818-e886747275ed", "adv_source_id": "8fe8c430-53c9-4f13-a818-e886747275ed", "source_id": "8fe8c430-53c9-4f13-a818-e886747275ed", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scale-invariant groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by the renormalization method in statistical physics, Itai\nBenjamini defined a finitely generated infinite group G to be scale-invariant\nif there is a nested sequence of finite index subgroups G_n that are all\nisomorphic to G and whose intersection is a finite group. He conjectured that\nevery scale-invariant group has polynomial growth, hence is virtually\nnilpotent. We disprove his conjecture by showing that the following groups\n(mostly finite-state self-similar groups) are scale-invariant: the lamplighter\ngroups F\\wr\\Z, where F is any finite Abelian group; the solvable\nBaumslag-Solitar groups BS(1,m); the affine groups A\\ltimes\\Z^d, for any A\\leq\nGL(\\Z,d). However, the conjecture remains open with some natural stronger\nnotions of scale-invariance for groups and transitive graphs. We construct\nscale-invariant tilings of certain Cayley graphs of the discrete Heisenberg\ngroup, whose existence is not immediate just from the scale-invariance of the\ngroup. We also note that torsion-free non-elementary hyperbolic groups are not\nscale-invariant.\n" }, { "id": "7d34e6e7-d9df-48cc-8079-fcaecd7f22c2", "adv_source_id": "7d34e6e7-d9df-48cc-8079-fcaecd7f22c2", "source_id": "7d34e6e7-d9df-48cc-8079-fcaecd7f22c2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Precise Relic WIMP Abundance and its Impact on Searches for Dark Matter\n Annihilation", "prompt": null, "generation": " If dark matter (DM) is a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) that is a\nthermal relic of the early Universe, then its total self-annihilation cross\nsection is revealed by its present-day mass density. The canonical thermally\naveraged cross section for a generic WIMP is usually stated as 3*10^-26\ncm^3s^-1, with unspecified uncertainty, and taken to be independent of WIMP\nmass. Recent searches for annihilation products of DM annihilation have just\nreached the sensitivity to exclude this canonical cross section for 100%\nbranching ratio to certain final states and small WIMP masses. The ultimate\ngoal is to probe all kinematically allowed final states as a function of mass\nand, if all states are adequately excluded, set a lower limit to the WIMP mass.\nProbing the low-mass region is further motivated due to recent hints for a\nlight WIMP in direct and indirect searches. We revisit the thermal relic\nabundance calculation for a generic WIMP and show that the required cross\nsection can be calculated precisely. It varies significantly with mass at\nmasses below 10 GeV, reaching a maximum of 5.2*10^-26 cm^3s^-1 at masses around\n0.3 GeV, and is 2.2*10^-26 cm^3s^-1 with feeble mass-dependence for masses\nabove 10 GeV. These results, which differ significantly from the canonical\nvalue and have not been taken into account in searches for annihilation\nproducts from generic WIMPs, have a noticeable impact on the interpretation of\npresent limits from Fermi-LAT and WMAP+ACT.\n" }, { "id": "b13abe61-361b-4bbe-aa84-b5d16720155d", "adv_source_id": "b13abe61-361b-4bbe-aa84-b5d16720155d", "source_id": "b13abe61-361b-4bbe-aa84-b5d16720155d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulation of an Electrostatic Energy Harvester at Large Amplitude\n Narrow and Wide Band Vibrations", "prompt": null, "generation": " An electrostatic in-plane overlap varying energy harvester is modeled and\nsimulated using a circuit simulator. Both linear and nonlinear models are\ninvestigated. The nonlinear model includes mechanical stoppers at the\ndisplacement extremes. Large amplitude excitation signals, both narrow and wide\nband, are used to emulate environmental vibrations. Nonlinear behavior is\nsignificant at large displacement due to the impact on mechanical stoppers. For\na sinusoidal excitation the mechanical stoppers cause the output power to\nflatten and weakly decrease. For a wide band excitation, the output power first\nincreases linearly with the power spectral density of the input signal, then\ngrows slower than linearly.\n" }, { "id": "5862c9d9-8afe-417a-b2ac-22aca54773a3", "adv_source_id": "5862c9d9-8afe-417a-b2ac-22aca54773a3", "source_id": "5862c9d9-8afe-417a-b2ac-22aca54773a3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lie powers of the natural module for GL(2,K)", "prompt": null, "generation": " In recent work of R. M. Bryant and the second author a (partial) modular\nanalogue of Klyachko's 1974 result on Lie powers of the natural $\\rm{GL}(n,K)$\nwas presented. There is was shown that nearly all of the indecomposable\nsummands of the $r$th tensor power also occur up to isomorphism as summands of\nthe $r$th Lie power provided that $r\\neq p^m$ and $r \\neq 2p^m$, where $p$ is\nthe characteristic of $K$. In the current paper we restrict attention to ${\\rm\nGL}(2,K)$ and consider the missing cases where $r = p^m$ and $r = 2p^m$. In\nparticular, we prove that the indecomposable summand of the $r$th tensor power\nof the natural module with highest weight $(r-1,1)$ is a summand of the $r$th\nLie power if and only if $r$ is a not power of $p$.\n" }, { "id": "1180f50e-eeaf-408c-baef-4ea3e6d3f5bf", "adv_source_id": "1180f50e-eeaf-408c-baef-4ea3e6d3f5bf", "source_id": "1180f50e-eeaf-408c-baef-4ea3e6d3f5bf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stochastic variability of oceanic flows above topography anomalies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a stochastic variability mechanism which is genuinely internal to\nthe ocean, i.e. not due to fluctuations in atmospheric forcing. % The key\ningredient is the existence of closed contours of bottom topography surrounded\nby a stirring region of enhanced eddy activity. This configuration leads to the\nformation of a robust but highly variable vortex above the topography anomaly.\nThe vortex dynamics integrates the white noise forcing of oceanic eddies into a\nred noise signal for the large scale volume transport of the vortex. The strong\ninterannual fluctuations of the transport of the Zapiola anticyclone ($\\sim 100\n\\ Sv$) in the Argentine basin are argued to be partly due to such eddy-driven\nstochastic variability, on the basis of a 310 years long simulation of a\ncomprehensive global ocean model run driven by a repeated-year forcing.\n" }, { "id": "8cd74be1-5bd5-4a7c-89cf-03d8a53f4abf", "adv_source_id": "8cd74be1-5bd5-4a7c-89cf-03d8a53f4abf", "source_id": "8cd74be1-5bd5-4a7c-89cf-03d8a53f4abf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An analysis of the composite stellar population in M32", "prompt": null, "generation": " We obtained long-slit spectra of high signal-to-noise ratio of the galaxy M32\nwith the GMOS spectrograph at the GEMINI North telescope. We analysed the\nintegrated spectra by means of full spectral fitting in order to extract the\nmixture of stellar populations that best represents its composite nature. Three\ndifferent galactic radii were analysed, from the nuclear region out to 2 arcmin\nfrom the centre. This allows us to compare, for the first time, the results of\nintegrated light spectroscopy with those of resolved colour-magnitude diagrams\nfrom the literature. As our main result, we propose that an ancient and an\nintermediate-age population coexist in M32, and that the balance between these\ntwo populations change between the nucleus and outside 1 effective radius in\nthe sense that the contribution from the intermediate population is larger at\nthe nuclear region. We retrieve a smaller signal of a young population at all\nradii whose origin is unclear and may be a contamination from horizontal-branch\nstars, such as the ones identified by Brown et al. in the nuclear region. We\ncompare our metallicity distribution function for a region 1 to 2 arcmin from\nthe centre to the one obtained with photometric data by Grillmair et al. Both\ndistributions are broad, but our spectroscopically derived distribution has a\nsignificant component with $[Z/Z_{\\sun}] \\leq -1$, which is not found by\nGrillmair et al.\n" }, { "id": "902aa8d3-33da-473b-b2a9-ffc119c53258", "adv_source_id": "902aa8d3-33da-473b-b2a9-ffc119c53258", "source_id": "902aa8d3-33da-473b-b2a9-ffc119c53258", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A construction of linear bounded interpolatory operators on the torus", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $q\\ge 1$ be an integer. Given $M$ samples of a smooth function of $q$\nvariables, $2\\pi$--periodic in each variable, we consider the problem of\nconstructing a $q$--variate trigonometric polynomial of spherical degree\n$\\O(M^{1/q})$ which interpolates the given data, remains bounded (independent\nof $M$) on $[-\\pi,\\pi]^q$, and converges to the function at an optimal rate on\nthe set where the data becomes dense. We prove that the solution of an\nappropriate optimization problem leads to such an interpolant. Numerical\nexamples are given to demonstrate that this procedure overcomes the Runge\nphenomenon when interpolation at equidistant nodes on $[-1,1]$ is constructed,\nand also provides a respectable approximation for bivariate grid data, which\ndoes not become dense on the whole domain.\n" }, { "id": "3caa91eb-2853-4281-b3fb-93971c7e2782", "adv_source_id": "3caa91eb-2853-4281-b3fb-93971c7e2782", "source_id": "3caa91eb-2853-4281-b3fb-93971c7e2782", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Observer Class Hypothesis", "prompt": null, "generation": " The discovery of a small cosmological constant has stimulated interest in the\nmeasure problem. One should expect to be a typical observer, but defining such\na thing is difficult in the vastness of an eternally inflating universe. We\npropose that a crucial prerequisite is understanding why one should exist as an\nobserver at all. We assume that the Physical Church Turing Thesis is correct\nand therefore all observers (and everything else that exists) can be described\nas different types of information. We then argue that the observers\ncollectively form the largest class of information (where, in analogy with the\nFaddeev Popov procedure, we only count over \"gauge invariant\" forms of\ninformation). The statistical predominance of the observers is due to their\nability to selectively absorb other forms of information from many different\nsources. In particular, it is the combinatorics that arise from this selection\nprocess which leads us to equate the observer class $\\mathcal{O}$ with the\nnontrivial power set $\\hat{\\mathcal{P}}(\\mathcal{U})$ of the set of all\ninformation $\\mathcal{U}$. Observers themselves are thus the typical form of\ninformation. If correct, this proposal simplifies the measure problem, and\nleads to dramatic long term predictions.\n" }, { "id": "2ab9cadf-ad51-4b2f-a737-0d68b161882e", "adv_source_id": "2ab9cadf-ad51-4b2f-a737-0d68b161882e", "source_id": "2ab9cadf-ad51-4b2f-a737-0d68b161882e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Physical aspects of quantum sheaf cohomology for deformations of tangent\n bundles of toric varieties", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we will outline computations of quantum sheaf cohomology for\ndeformations of tangent bundles of toric varieties, for those deformations\ndescribable as deformations of toric Euler sequences. Quantum sheaf cohomology\nis a heterotic analogue of quantum cohomology, a quantum deformation of the\nclassical product on sheaf cohomology groups, that computes nonperturbative\ncorrections to analogues of (27*)^3 couplings in heterotic string computations.\nPrevious computations have relied on either physics-based GLSM techniques or\ncomputation-intensive brute-force Cech cohomology techniques. This paper\ndescribes methods for greatly simplifying mathematical computations, and\nderives more general results than previously obtainable with GLSM techniques.\nWe will outline recent results (rigorous proofs will appear elsewhere).\n" }, { "id": "f02ad352-01ce-461f-b73b-c49e5ddf9013", "adv_source_id": "f02ad352-01ce-461f-b73b-c49e5ddf9013", "source_id": "f02ad352-01ce-461f-b73b-c49e5ddf9013", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "How the Dimension of Space Affects the Products of Pre-Biotic Evolution:\n The Spatial Population Dynamics of Structural Complexity and The Emergence of\n Membranes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that autocatalytic networks of epsilon-machines and their population\ndynamics differ substantially between spatial (geographically distributed) and\nnonspatial (panmixia) populations. Generally, regions of spacetime-invariant\nautocatalytic networks---or domains---emerge in geographically distributed\npopulations. These are separated by functional membranes of complementary\nepsilon-machines that actively translate between the domains and are\nresponsible for their growth and stability. We analyze both spatial and\nnonspatial populations, determining the algebraic properties of the\nautocatalytic networks that allow for space to affect the dynamics and so\ngenerate autocatalytic domains and membranes. In addition, we analyze\npopulations of intermediate spatial architecture, delineating the thresholds at\nwhich spatial memory (information storage) begins to determine the character of\nthe emergent auto-catalytic organization.\n" }, { "id": "a1c4ba21-fe80-41e1-b1e1-ce425648887c", "adv_source_id": "a1c4ba21-fe80-41e1-b1e1-ce425648887c", "source_id": "a1c4ba21-fe80-41e1-b1e1-ce425648887c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Light Bullets in Nonlinear Periodically Curved Waveguide Arrays", "prompt": null, "generation": " We predict that stable mobile spatio-temporal solitons can exist in arrays of\nperiodically curved optical waveguides. We find two-dimensional light bullets\nin one-dimensional arrays with harmonic waveguide bending and three-dimensional\nbullets in square lattices with helical waveguide bending using variational\nformalism. Stability of the light bullet solutions is confirmed by the direct\nnumerical simulations which show that the light bullets can freely move across\nthe curved arrays. This mobility property is a distinguishing characteristic\ncompared to previously considered discrete light bullets which were trapped to\na specific lattice site. These results suggest new possibilities for flexible\nspatio-temporal manipulation of optical pulses in photonic lattices.\n" }, { "id": "018df9ad-873d-4ece-88ca-353df9c0a7c8", "adv_source_id": "018df9ad-873d-4ece-88ca-353df9c0a7c8", "source_id": "018df9ad-873d-4ece-88ca-353df9c0a7c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A gradient-augmented level set method with an optimally local, coherent\n advection scheme", "prompt": null, "generation": " The level set approach represents surfaces implicitly, and advects them by\nevolving a level set function, which is numerically defined on an Eulerian\ngrid. Here we present an approach that augments the level set function values\nby gradient information, and evolves both quantities in a fully coupled\nfashion. This maintains the coherence between function values and derivatives,\nwhile exploiting the extra information carried by the derivatives. The method\nis of comparable quality to WENO schemes, but with optimally local stencils\n(performing updates in time by using information from only a single adjacent\ngrid cell). In addition, structures smaller than the grid size can be located\nand tracked, and the extra derivative information can be employed to obtain\nsimple and accurate approximations to the curvature. We analyze the accuracy\nand the stability of the new scheme, and perform benchmark tests.\n" }, { "id": "91d7b786-59e7-4560-9fc0-910f6b55189e", "adv_source_id": "91d7b786-59e7-4560-9fc0-910f6b55189e", "source_id": "91d7b786-59e7-4560-9fc0-910f6b55189e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Astrosphere of the Asymptotic Giant Branch Star Irc+10216", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have discovered a very extended shock structure (i.e., with a diameter of\nabout 24 arcmin) surrounding the well-known carbon star IRC+10216 in\nultraviolet images taken with the GALEX satellite. We conclude that this\nstructure results from the interaction of IRC+10216's molecular wind with the\ninterstellar medium (ISM), as it moves through the latter. All important\nstructural features expected from theoretical models of such interactions are\nidentified: the termination shock, the astrosheath, the astropause, the\nbowshock, and an astrotail (with vortices). The extent of the astropause\nprovides new lower limits to the envelope age (69,000 years) and mass (1.4\nsolar masses, for a mass-loss rate of 2 x 10^(-5) solar masses/year). From the\ntermination-shock standoff distance, we find that IRC+10216 is moving at a\nspeed of about > 91 km/s [1 cm^(-3)/n_(ISM)]^1/2 through the local ISM.\n" }, { "id": "929a65a5-e768-4077-9cba-d98ba61eca41", "adv_source_id": "929a65a5-e768-4077-9cba-d98ba61eca41", "source_id": "929a65a5-e768-4077-9cba-d98ba61eca41", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Toroidal automorphic forms, Waldspurger periods and double Dirichlet\n series", "prompt": null, "generation": " The space of toroidal automorphic forms was introduced by Zagier in the\n1970s: a GL_2-automorphic form is toroidal if it has vanishing constant Fourier\ncoefficients along all embedded non-split tori. The interest in this space\nstems (amongst others) from the fact that an Eisenstein series of weight s is\ntoroidal for a given torus precisely if s is a non-trivial zero of the zeta\nfunction of the quadratic field corresponding to the torus.\n In this paper, we study the structure of the space of toroidal automorphic\nforms for an arbitrary number field F. We prove that it decomposes into a space\nspanned by all derivatives up to order n-1 of an Eisenstein series of weight s\nand class group character omega precisely if s is a zero of order n of the\nL-series corresponding to omega at s, and a space consisting of exactly those\ncusp forms the central value of whose L-series is zero.\n The proofs are based on an identity of Hecke for toroidal integrals of\nEisenstein series and a result of Waldspurger about toroidal integrals of cusp\nforms combined with non-vanishing results for twists of L-series proven by the\nmethod of double Dirichlet series.\n" }, { "id": "b290c38f-05e8-460d-b677-006dce00e9c4", "adv_source_id": "b290c38f-05e8-460d-b677-006dce00e9c4", "source_id": "b290c38f-05e8-460d-b677-006dce00e9c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pion-Nucleon Scattering in Kadyshevsky Formalism: I Meson Exchange\n Sector", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a series of two papers we present the theoretical results of $\\pi\nN$/meson-baryon scattering in the Kadyshevsky formalism. In this paper the\nresults are given for meson exchange diagrams. On the formal side we show, by\nmeans of an example, how general couplings, i.e. couplings containing multiple\nderivatives and/or higher spin fields, should be treated. We do this by\nintroducing and applying the Takahashi-Umezawa and the Gross-Jackiw method. For\npractical purposes we introduce the $\\bar{P}$ method. We also show how the\nTakashashi-Umezawa method can be derived using the theory of Bogoliubov and\ncollaborators and the Gross-Jackiw method is also used to study the\n$n$-dependence of the Kadyshevsky integral equation. Last but not least we\npresent the second quantization procedure of the quasi particle in Kadyshevsky\nformalism.\n" }, { "id": "90d3e096-df23-4c00-afe7-927347c2beb0", "adv_source_id": "90d3e096-df23-4c00-afe7-927347c2beb0", "source_id": "90d3e096-df23-4c00-afe7-927347c2beb0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spitzer View of Lyman Break Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using a combination of deep MID-IR observations obtained by IRAC, MIPS and\nIRS on board Spitzer we investigate the MID-IR properties of Lyman Break\nGalaxies (LBGs) at z~3, establish a better understanding of their nature and\nattempt a complete characterisation of the population. With deep mid-infrared\nand optical observations of ~1000 LBGs covered by IRAC/MIPS and from the ground\nrespectively, we extend the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the LBGs to\nmid-infrared. Spitzer data reveal for the first time that the mid-infrared\nproperties of the population are inhomogeneous ranging from those with marginal\nIRAC detections to those with bright rest-frame near-infrared colors and those\ndetected at 24mu MIPS band revealing the newly discovered population of the\nInfrared Luminous Lyman Break Galaxies (ILLBGs). To investigate this diversity,\nwe examine the photometric properties of the population and we use stellar\npopulation synthesis models to probe the stellar content of these galaxies. We\nfind that a fraction of LBGs have very red colors and large estimated stellar\nmasses M* > 5x10^10Mo. We discuss the link between these LBGs and\nsubmm-luminous galaxies and we report the detection of rest frame 6.2 and 7.7mu\nemission features arising from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the\nSpitzer/IRS spectrum of an infrared-luminous Lyman break galaxy at z=3.01.\n" }, { "id": "00ac4e0b-de53-4078-a843-b479992477b9", "adv_source_id": "00ac4e0b-de53-4078-a843-b479992477b9", "source_id": "00ac4e0b-de53-4078-a843-b479992477b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Planetary Nebulae towards the Galactic bulge. I. [OIII] fluxes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present [OIII]{\\lambda}5007 fluxes and angular diameters for 435 Planetary\nNebulae (PN) in the central 10' x 10' region towards the Galactic bulge. Our\nsample is taken from the new discoveries of the MASH PN surveys as well as\npreviously known PN. This sample accounts for 80% of known PN in this region.\nFluxes and diameters are measured from narrow-band imaging with the MOSAIC-II\ncamera on the 4-m Blanco telescope at the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American\nObservatory. This is the largest (~60 square degrees), uniform\n[OIII]{\\lambda}5007 survey of the inner Galactic bulge ever undertaken. 104 of\nthe objects have measured [OIII]{\\lambda}5007, [OIII]{\\lambda}4959, H{\\alpha}\nor H{\\beta} fluxes from the literature, which we use to undertake a detailed\ncomparison to demonstrate the integrity of our new fluxes. Our independent\nmeasurements are in excellent agreement with the very best literature sources\nover two orders of magnitude, while maintaining good consistency over five\norders of magnitude. The excellent resolution and sensitivity of our data\nallows not only for a robust set of homogenous PN fluxes, but provides greater\ndetail into their intricate, otherwise undetermined [OIII]{\\lambda}5007\nmorphologies. These new, extensive measurements significantly increase the\nsample of reliable [OIII]{\\lambda}5007 fluxes for Galactic bulge PN making it a\nvaluable resource and a prelude to the construction of our new Galactic bulge\nPlanetary Nebula luminosity function (Paper II).\n" }, { "id": "84da3efc-0d3a-4063-bf30-24a93d4ee5d3", "adv_source_id": "84da3efc-0d3a-4063-bf30-24a93d4ee5d3", "source_id": "84da3efc-0d3a-4063-bf30-24a93d4ee5d3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of vibrationally excited methyl formate in W51 e2", "prompt": null, "generation": " Methyl formate in its first torsionally excited state (vt=1 at 131 cm-1) is\ndetected for the first time toward W51 e2. All transitions from excited methyl\nformate within the observed spectral range are actually detected (82\ntransitions) and no strong lines are missing. The column density of the excited\nstate is comparable to that of the ground state. For a source size of 7'' we\nfind that Trot = 104 +/- 14 K and N = 9.4 +4.0/-2.8 x 10^16 cm-2 for the\nexcited state and Trot = 176 +/- 24 K and N = 1.7 +.2/-.2 x 10^17 cm-2 for the\nground state. Lines from ethyl cyanide in its two first excited states (vt=1,\ntorsion mode at 212 cm-1) and (vb=1, CCN in-plane bending mode at 206 cm-1) are\nalso present in the observed spectrum. However blending problems prevent a\nprecise estimate of its abundance. With regard to the number of lines of\nexcited methyl formate and ethyl cyanide detected in W51 e2, it appears that\nexcited states of large molecules certainly account for a large number of\nunidentified lines in spectral survey of molecular clouds.\n" }, { "id": "4f5bd5ee-a6fb-4bf0-8db7-0effb4ac1926", "adv_source_id": "4f5bd5ee-a6fb-4bf0-8db7-0effb4ac1926", "source_id": "4f5bd5ee-a6fb-4bf0-8db7-0effb4ac1926", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spatially-Coupled Random Access on Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we investigate the effect of spatial coupling applied to the\nrecently-proposed coded slotted ALOHA (CSA) random access protocol. Thanks to\nthe bridge between the graphical model describing the iterative interference\ncancelation process of CSA over the random access frame and the erasure\nrecovery process of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the binary\nerasure channel (BEC), we propose an access protocol which is inspired by the\nconvolutional LDPC code construction. The proposed protocol exploits the\nterminations of its graphical model to achieve the spatial coupling effect,\nattaining performance close to the theoretical limits of CSA. As for the\nconvolutional LDPC code case, large iterative decoding thresholds are obtained\nby simply increasing the density of the graph. We show that the threshold\nsaturation effect takes place by defining a suitable counterpart of the\nmaximum-a-posteriori decoding threshold of spatially-coupled LDPC code\nensembles. In the asymptotic setting, the proposed scheme allows sustaining a\ntraffic close to 1 [packets/slot].\n" }, { "id": "aa5e4647-18d3-4eb6-8ef1-6e59ade15fc1", "adv_source_id": "aa5e4647-18d3-4eb6-8ef1-6e59ade15fc1", "source_id": "aa5e4647-18d3-4eb6-8ef1-6e59ade15fc1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravity as an emergent phenomenon: a GFT perspective", "prompt": null, "generation": " While the idea of gravity as an emergent phenomenon is an intriguing one,\nlittle is known about concrete implementations that could lead to viable\nphenomenology, most of the obstructions being related to the intrinsic\ndifficulties of formulating genuinely pregeometric theories. In this paper we\npresent a preliminary discussion of the impact of critical behavior of certain\nmicroscopic models for gravity, based on group field theories, on the dynamics\nof the macroscopic regime. The continuum limit is examined in light of some\nscaling assumption, and the relevant consequences for low energy effective\ntheories are discussed, the role of universality, the corrections to scaling,\nthe emergence of gravitational theories and the nature of their thermodynamical\nbehavior.\n" }, { "id": "79dc495c-eea0-4d2a-b674-44018df3eedd", "adv_source_id": "79dc495c-eea0-4d2a-b674-44018df3eedd", "source_id": "79dc495c-eea0-4d2a-b674-44018df3eedd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin Correlations in the Geometrically Frustrated Pyrochlore Tb2Mo2O7", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report neutron scattering studies of the spin correlations of the\ngeometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Mo2O7 using single crystal samples. This\nmaterial undergoes a spin-freezing transition below Tg~24 K, similar to\nY2Mo2O7, and has little apparent chemical disorder. Diffuse elastic peaks are\nobserved at low temperatures, indicating short-range ordering of the Tb moments\nin an arrangement where the Tb moments are slightly rotated from the preferred\ndirections of the spin ice structure. In addition, a Q-independent signal is\nobserved which likely originates from frozen, but completely uncorrelated, Tb\nmoments. Inelastic measurements show the absence of sharp peaks due to crystal\nfield excitations. These data show how the physics of the Tb sublattice\nresponds to the glassy behavior of the Mo sublattice with the associated\neffects of lattice disorder.\n" }, { "id": "0862588a-d1e4-46dc-9e89-b1df70a54e11", "adv_source_id": "0862588a-d1e4-46dc-9e89-b1df70a54e11", "source_id": "0862588a-d1e4-46dc-9e89-b1df70a54e11", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-Abelian Lovelock-Born-Infeld Topological Black Holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the asymptotically AdS solutions of the Einstein gravity with\nhyperbolic horizons in the presence of $So(n(n-1)/2-1, 1)$ Yang-Mills fields\ngoverned by the non-Abelian Born-Infeld lagrangian. We investigate the\nproperties of these solutions as well as their asymptotic behavior in varies\ndimensions. The properties of these kind of solutions are like the\nEinstein-Yang-Mills solutions. But the differences seems to appear in the role\nof the mass, charge and born-Infeld parameter $\\beta$, in the solutions. For\nexample in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory the solutions with non-negative mass\ncannot present an extreme black hole while that of in Einstein-Yang-Mills-Born\nInfeld theory can. Also the singularities in higher dimensional\nEinstein-Yang-Mills theory for non-negative mass are always spacelike, while\ndepending on choosing the parameters, we can find timelike singularities in the\nsimilar case of Einstein-Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld theory. We also extend the\nsolutions of Einstein to the case of Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravity. It is\nshown that, these solutions in the limits of $\\beta\\to0$, and $\\beta\\to\\infty$,\nrepresent pure gravity and gravity coupled with Yang-Mills fields,\nrespectively.\n" }, { "id": "c2bdc38a-9968-47c7-bba7-1d9a5495592f", "adv_source_id": "c2bdc38a-9968-47c7-bba7-1d9a5495592f", "source_id": "c2bdc38a-9968-47c7-bba7-1d9a5495592f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Energy Scales in the Raman spectrum of electrons and hole doped cuprates\n within competing scenarios", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recent experiments in underdoped hole-doped cuprates have shown the presence\nof two energy scales in the Raman spectrum in the superconducting state. This\nfeature has a natural explanation in some models in which pseudogap and\nsuperconductivity compete. In electron-doped cuprates antiferromagnetic\ncorrelations are believed to survive in the superconducting state, and to\nproduce a pseudogap above the critical temperature. Contrary to hole-doped\nsystems, in electron-doped compounds only one energy scale appear since the\npair breaking Raman intensity peaks in both B$_{1g}$ (antinodal) and B$_{2g}$\n(nodal) channels at a frequency of a few meV, typical of the superconducting\norder parameter. In this paper we analyze the different effect in the Raman\nspectrum of the competition between pseudogap and superconductivity in electron\nand hole-doped cuprates. The difference in energy scales in both systems is\nexplained in terms of the different truncation of the Fermi surface induced by\nthe pseudogap. For electron-doped cuprates we also analyze the spectrum with\nantiferromagnetism and a non-monotonic superconducting order parameter.\n" }, { "id": "10eb3545-4879-4680-a7d9-e1d3c8f00348", "adv_source_id": "10eb3545-4879-4680-a7d9-e1d3c8f00348", "source_id": "10eb3545-4879-4680-a7d9-e1d3c8f00348", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Static and Impulsive Models of Solar Active Regions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The physical modeling of active regions (ARs) and of the global coronal is\nreceiving increasing interest lately. Recent attempts to model ARs using static\nequilibrium models were quite successful in reproducing AR images of hot soft\nX-ray (SXR) loops. They however failed to predict the bright EUV warm loops\npermeating ARs: the synthetic images were dominated by intense footpoint\nemission. We demonstrate that this failure is due to the very weak dependence\nof loop temperature on loop length which cannot simultaneously account for both\nhot and warm loops in the same AR. We then consider time-dependent AR models\nbased on nanoflare heating. We demonstrate that such models can simultaneously\nreproduce EUV and SXR loops in ARs. Moreover, they predict radial intensity\nvariations consistent with the localized core and extended emissions in SXR and\nEUV AR observations respectively. We finally show how the AR morphology can be\nused as a gauge of the properties (duration, energy, spatial dependence,\nrepetition time) of the impulsive heating.\n" }, { "id": "0bf0aa8e-7316-4f4a-9889-914b661f08f6", "adv_source_id": "0bf0aa8e-7316-4f4a-9889-914b661f08f6", "source_id": "0bf0aa8e-7316-4f4a-9889-914b661f08f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Placing the Deep Impact Mission into Context: Two Decades of\n Observations of 9P/Tempel 1 from McDonald Observatory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on low-spectral resolution observations of comet 9P/Tempel 1 from\n1983, 1989, 1994 and 2005 using the 2.7m Harlan J. Smith telescope of McDonald\nObservatory. This comet was the target of NASA's Deep Impact mission and our\nobservations allowed us to characterize the comet prior to the impact. We found\nthat the comet showed a decrease in gas production from 1983 to 2005, with the\nthe decrease being different factors for different species. OH decreased by a\nfactor 2.7, NH by 1.7, CN by 1.6, C$_{3}$ by 1.8, CH by 1.4 and C$_{2}$ by 1.3.\nDespite the decrease in overall gas production and these slightly different\ndecrease factors, we find that the gas production rates of OH, NH, C$_{3}$, CH\nand C$_{2}$ ratioed to that of CN were constant over all of the apparitions. We\nsaw no change in the production rate ratios after the impact. We found that the\npeak gas production occurred about two months prior to perihelion. Comet Tempel\n1 is a \"normal\" comet.\n" }, { "id": "96835af3-3ea2-4bcf-9b97-8066ea248ef6", "adv_source_id": "96835af3-3ea2-4bcf-9b97-8066ea248ef6", "source_id": "96835af3-3ea2-4bcf-9b97-8066ea248ef6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superselection Rules from Measurement Theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " In quantum theory, physically measurable quantities of a microscopic system\nare represented by self-adjoint operators. However, not all of the self-adjoint\noperators correspond to measurable quantities. The superselection rule is a\ncriterion to distinguish measurable quantities. Any measurable quantity must\nobey the superselection rules. By contraposition, any quantity which does not\nobey the superselection rules cannot be measured. Although some of\nsuperselection rules were proved, the raizon d'\\^etre of the superselection\nrules has been still obscure. In this paper we deduce the superselection rules\nfrom an assumption on symmetry property of measurement process. We introduce\nthe notion of covariant indicator, which is a macroscopic observable whose\nvalue indicates the value of a microscopic object observable. We prove that if\nan object system has a quantity that is conserved during the measurement\nprocess, other quantities that do not commute with the conserved quantity are\nnon-measurable by the covariant indicator. Our derivation of superselection\nrules is compared with the uncertainty relation under the restriction by a\nconservation law. An implication of the color superselection rule for the color\nconfinement is discussed. It is also argued that spontaneous symmetry breaking\nenables a measurement that the superselection rule prohibits.\n" }, { "id": "9dbdd678-c953-4e86-9e2b-a24f433b3397", "adv_source_id": "9dbdd678-c953-4e86-9e2b-a24f433b3397", "source_id": "9dbdd678-c953-4e86-9e2b-a24f433b3397", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Luttinger Liquid State with Effective Attractive Hare-Core Interaction", "prompt": null, "generation": " An exact solvable 'zig-zag' ladder model of degenerated spinless fermions is\nproposed and solved exactly by the means of the Bethe ansatz. An effective\nattractive hard-core interaction and direct Coulomb repulsion of fermions on\nthe nearest-neighbor sites of different chains induce a new phase state of the\nladder. We give a detailed analysis of the exact phase diagram at zero\ntemperature, that is characterized by two phases at the filling exceeding 2/3:\nitinerant and 'frozen' fermions, for which two different species reside in\nspatially separate regions. The critical exponents describing asymptotic\nbehavior of the correlation functions are calculated using the Bethe ansatz and\nconformal field theory. It is shown also, that the density of the magnetization\nof the corresponding zig-zag spin-1/2 ladder has a jump equal to 1/3 at the\nmagnetic field equal to zero.\n" }, { "id": "2f6b5ec1-01f0-492c-9c4f-c5494e40e7b2", "adv_source_id": "2f6b5ec1-01f0-492c-9c4f-c5494e40e7b2", "source_id": "2f6b5ec1-01f0-492c-9c4f-c5494e40e7b2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Deformation Quantization of Principal Fibre Bundles and Classical Gauge\n Theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this dissertation the notion of deformation quantization of principal\nfibre bundles is established and investigated in order to find a geometric\nformulation of classical gauge theories on noncommutative space-times. As a\ngeneralization, the notion of deformation quantization of surjective\nsubmersions is also discussed.\n It is shown that deformation quantizations of surjective submersions and\nprincipal fibre bundles always exist and are unique up to equivalence. These\nstatements concerning complex-valued functions are moreover formulated and\nproved for sections of arbitrary vector bundles over the total space, in\nparticular equivariant vector bundles. The commutants of the deformed right\nmodule structures within the differential operators, playing an inportant role\nwith regard to the infinitesimal gauge transformations, are computed explicitly\nin each case. Depending on the choice of specific covariant derivatives and\nconnections the commutants are isomorphic to the formal power series of the\nrespective vertical differential operators which thus inherit a deformation of\nthe algebra structure. The resulting deformed bimodules are again unique up to\nequivalence. With respect to further applications it is finally shown that\nevery deformation quantization of a principal fibre bundle induces a\ndeformation quantization of any associated vector bundle.\n" }, { "id": "15fbea4b-9efd-4369-8e94-d1318161df01", "adv_source_id": "15fbea4b-9efd-4369-8e94-d1318161df01", "source_id": "15fbea4b-9efd-4369-8e94-d1318161df01", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A distributed editing environment for XML documents", "prompt": null, "generation": " XML is based on two essential aspects: the modelization of data in a tree\nlike structure and the separation between the information itself and the way it\nis displayed. XML structures are easily serializable. The separation between an\nabstract representation and one or several views on it allows the elaboration\nof specialized interfaces to visualize or modify data. A lot of developments\nwere made to interact with XML data but the use of these applications over the\nInternet is just starting. This paper presents a prototype of a distributed\nediting environment over the Internet. The key point of our system is the way\nuser interactions are handled. Selections and modifications made by a user are\nnot directly reflected on the concrete view, they are serialized in XML and\ntransmitted to a server which applies them to the document and broadcasts\nupdates to the views. This organization has several advantages. XML documents\ncoding selection and modification operations are usually smaller than the\nedited document and can be directly processed with a transformation engine\nwhich can adapt them to different representations. In addition, several\nselections or modifications can be combined into an unique XML document. This\nallows one to update multiple views with different frequencies and fits the\nrequirement of an asynchronous communication mode like HTTP.\n" }, { "id": "6e34f9db-1c77-43cd-80be-45644bec2360", "adv_source_id": "6e34f9db-1c77-43cd-80be-45644bec2360", "source_id": "6e34f9db-1c77-43cd-80be-45644bec2360", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Determination of the strong coupling $g_{B^* B\\pi}$ from semi-leptonic\n $B\\to \\pi \\ell \\nu$ decay", "prompt": null, "generation": " According to heavy-meson chiral perturbation theory, the vector form factor\n$f_+(q^2)$ of exclusive semi-leptonic decay $B\\to \\pi \\ell \\nu$ is closely\nrelated, at least in the soft-pion region (i.e., $q^{2} \\sim (m_B-m_{\\pi})^2$),\nto the strong coupling $g_{B^* B\\pi}$ or the normalized coupling $\\hat g$.\nCombining the precisely measured $q^2$ spectrum of $B\\to \\pi \\ell \\nu$ decay by\nthe BaBar and Belle collaborations with several parametrizations of the form\nfactor $f_+(q^2)$, we can extract these couplings from the residue of the form\nfactor at the $B^*$ pole, which relies on an extrapolation of the form factor\nfrom the semi-leptonic region to the unphysical point $q^2=m_{B^*}^2$.\nComparing the extracted values with the other experimental and theoretical\nestimates, we can test these various form-factor parametrizations, which differ\nfrom each other by the amount of physical information embedded in. It is found\nthat the extracted values based on the BK, BZ and BCL parametrizations are\nconsistent with each other and roughly in agreement with the other theoretical\nand lattice estimates, while the BGL ansatz, featured by a spurious, unwanted\npole at the threshold of the cut, gives a neatly larger value.\n" }, { "id": "2f3cd475-8596-4533-8023-682e9a4d1a69", "adv_source_id": "2f3cd475-8596-4533-8023-682e9a4d1a69", "source_id": "2f3cd475-8596-4533-8023-682e9a4d1a69", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Metrology Influence on the Cutting Modelisation", "prompt": null, "generation": " High speed machining has been improved thanks to considerable advancement on\nthe tools (optimum geometry, harder materials), on machined materials\n(increased workability and machining capacity for harder workpieces) and\nfinally on the machines (higher accuracy and power at the high speeds,\nperformances of the numerical control system). However at such loading\nvelocities, the cutting process generates high strain and high-speed strain\nwhich cause complex, various and irreversible phenomena in plasticity. These\nphenomena are comprehended through the complete measurement of the mechanical\nactions using a six-component dynamometer and flux and temperatures\nmeasurements at the tip of the cutting tool. Balanced energy assessments are\nthe starting points of our reflection on the machining modelling. The modelling\nof these phenomena and the material behaviour under this type of loading\nrequires a suitable theoretical approach. The main points of the strain\ngradient theory are developed. A theoretical behaviour law adapted to the\ncutting phenomena is then expressed.\n" }, { "id": "4be0f15a-46dd-4f10-8dad-c4b7a9cbc9a4", "adv_source_id": "4be0f15a-46dd-4f10-8dad-c4b7a9cbc9a4", "source_id": "4be0f15a-46dd-4f10-8dad-c4b7a9cbc9a4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-charge coupling in a band ferromagnet: magnon-energy reduction,\n anomalous softening, and damping", "prompt": null, "generation": " The effects of correlation-induced coupling between spin and charge\nfluctuations on spin-wave excitations in a band ferromagnet are investigated by\nincluding self-energy and vertex corrections within a systematic\ninverse-degeneracy expansion scheme which explicitly preserves the Goldstone\nmode. Arising from the scattering of a magnon into intermediate spin-excitation\nstates (including both magnon and Stoner excitations) accompanied with charge\nfluctuations in the majority spin band, this spin-charge coupling results not\nonly in a substantial reduction of magnon energies but also in anomalous\nsoftening and significant magnon damping for zone-boundary modes lying within\nthe Stoner gap. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with recent\nspin-wave excitation measurements in colossal magneto-resistive manganites and\nferromagnetic ultrathin films of transition metals.\n" }, { "id": "27f99242-884e-423c-90b7-7927e7ac805e", "adv_source_id": "27f99242-884e-423c-90b7-7927e7ac805e", "source_id": "27f99242-884e-423c-90b7-7927e7ac805e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Far Ultraviolet Spectral Signatures of Formaldehyde and Carbon\n Dioxide in Comets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Observations of four comets made with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic\nExplorer show the rotational envelope of the (0,0) band of the CO\nHopfield-Birge system (C - X) at 1088 A to consist of both \"cold\" and \"hot\"\ncomponents, the \"cold\" component accounting for ~75% of the flux and with a\nrotational temperature in the range 55-75 K. We identify the \"hot\" component as\ncoming from the dissociation of CO2 into rotationally \"hot\" CO, with electron\nimpact dissociation probably dominant over photodissociation near the nucleus.\nAn additional weak, broad satellite band is seen centered near the position of\nthe P(40) line that we attribute to CO fluorescence from a non-thermal high J\nrotational population produced by photodissociation of formaldehyde into CO and\nH2. This process also leaves the H2 preferentially populated in excited\nvibrational levels which are identified by fluorescent H2 lines in the spectrum\nexcited by solar OVI 1031.9 and solar Lyman-alpha. The amount of H2 produced by\nH2CO dissociation is comparable to the amount produced by photodissociation of\nH2O. Electron impact excitation of CO, rather than resonance fluorescence,\nappears to be the primary source of the observed (B - X) (0,0) band at 1151 A.\n" }, { "id": "b265e684-6a15-40fd-8a7d-74e682342bc2", "adv_source_id": "b265e684-6a15-40fd-8a7d-74e682342bc2", "source_id": "b265e684-6a15-40fd-8a7d-74e682342bc2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inter-electronic interaction effects on the polarization of\n recombination photons", "prompt": null, "generation": " A theoretical investigation of the radiative capture of an electron into a\nbound state of heavy, hydrogen-like ion is presented. Special attention is paid\nto the question of how the linear polarization of the emitted radiation is\naffected by the inter-electronic interaction effects. An analysis of these\neffects is performed within both, the screening-potential approximation and the\nperturbation theory that treats rigorously the electron correlations to the\nfirst order in the parameter 1/Z. By making use of these two approaches,\ndetailed calculations are performed for relativistic collisions of\nhydrogen-like europium Eu^{62+}, bismuth Bi^{82+} and uranium U^{91+} ions with\nfree electron and low-Z atomic targets. Results of the calculations indicate\nthat the two-electron effects may significantly influence the polarization\nproperties of the recombination x-rays; the effect which can be observed by the\npresent-day polarization detectors.\n" }, { "id": "bd68e97e-673f-420b-b245-77011d50d63b", "adv_source_id": "bd68e97e-673f-420b-b245-77011d50d63b", "source_id": "bd68e97e-673f-420b-b245-77011d50d63b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unconventional superconducting pairing by conventional phonons", "prompt": null, "generation": " The common wisdom that the phonon mechanism of electron pairing in the\nweak-coupling Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors leads to\nconventional s-wave Cooper pairs is revised. An inevitable anisotropy of sound\nvelocity in crystals makes the phonon-mediated attraction of electrons\nnon-local in space providing unconventional Cooper pairs with a nonzero orbital\nmomentum in a wide range of electron densities. As a result of this anisotropy\nquasi-two dimensional charge carriers undergo a quantum phase transition from\nan unconventional d-wave superconducting state to a conventional s-wave\nsuperconductor with more carriers per unit cell. In the opposite\nstrong-coupling regime rotational symmetry breaking appears as a result of a\nreduced Coulomb repulsion between unconventional bipolarons dismissing thereby\nsome constraints on unconventional pairing in the Bose-Einstein condensation\n(BEC) limit. The conventional phonons, and not superexchange, are shown to be\nresponsible for the d-wave symmetry of cuprate superconductors, where the\non-site Coulomb repulsion is large.\n" }, { "id": "29d904df-2f60-4422-9fdf-bcdf6794f76f", "adv_source_id": "29d904df-2f60-4422-9fdf-bcdf6794f76f", "source_id": "29d904df-2f60-4422-9fdf-bcdf6794f76f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multiuser Switched Diversity Scheduling Schemes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Multiuser switched-diversity scheduling schemes were recently proposed in\norder to overcome the heavy feedback requirements of conventional opportunistic\nscheduling schemes by applying a threshold-based, distributed, and ordered\nscheduling mechanism. The main idea behind these schemes is that slight\nreduction in the prospected multiuser diversity gains is an acceptable\ntrade-off for great savings in terms of required channel-state-information\nfeedback messages. In this work, we characterize the achievable rate region of\nmultiuser switched diversity systems and compare it with the rate region of\nfull feedback multiuser diversity systems. We propose also a novel proportional\nfair multiuser switched-based scheduling scheme and we demonstrate that it can\nbe optimized using a practical and distributed method to obtain the feedback\nthresholds. We finally demonstrate by numerical examples that\nswitched-diversity scheduling schemes operate within 0.3 bits/sec/Hz from the\nultimate network capacity of full feedback systems in Rayleigh fading\nconditions.\n" }, { "id": "111baf89-026a-4be4-b060-a3c02fc5e34e", "adv_source_id": "111baf89-026a-4be4-b060-a3c02fc5e34e", "source_id": "111baf89-026a-4be4-b060-a3c02fc5e34e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Redundant failures of the dip model of the extragalactic cosmic\n radiation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The proton flux and the chemical composition of the cosmic radiation\nmeasured, respectively, by the Kascade and Auger experiments entail radical\nchanges in Cosmic Ray Physics. A large discrepancy emerges by comparing the\nproton flux predicted by the dip model and that measured by Kascade in the\ncritical energy interval 5 x 10 ** 16 - 10 ** 17 eV. It is mentioned and\nsubstantiated that the proton flux measurements of the Kascade experiment are\nconsistent with other pertinent empirical observations. It is shown that the\nchemical composition measured by Auger by two independent procedures, using the\nmean depth reached by cosmic nuclei in giant air cascades, is incompatible with\nthat predicted by the dip model. A notable consequence suggested here based on\nthe failures of the dip model is that the spectral index softening of the\nprimary cosmic radiation above 6 x 10 ** 19 eV observed by HiRes and Auger\nexperiments, is not due to the extragalactic cosmological protons suffering\nenergy losses in the intergalactic space via the reactions, p gamma -> pi0 p,\npi+ n, but to some physical phenomena occurring in the cosmic vicinity.\n" }, { "id": "629a6626-45e6-4d6c-8afc-f62a24f046b0", "adv_source_id": "629a6626-45e6-4d6c-8afc-f62a24f046b0", "source_id": "629a6626-45e6-4d6c-8afc-f62a24f046b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Red-Sequence Galaxies at High Redshift by the COMBO-17+4 Survey", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the evolution of the galaxy population since redshift 2 with a\nfocus on the colour bimodality and mass density of the red sequence. We obtain\nprecise and reliable photometric redshifts up to z=2 by supplementing the\noptical survey COMBO-17 with observations in four near-infrared bands on 0.2\nsquare degrees of the COMBO-17 A901-field. Our results are based on an\nH-band-selected catalogue of 10692 galaxies complete to H=21.7. We measure the\nrest-frame colour (U_280-V) of each galaxy, which across the redshift range of\nour interest requires no extrapolation and is robust against moderate redshift\nerrors by staying clear of the 4000A-break. We measure the colour-magnitude\nrelation of the red sequence as a function of lookback time from the peak in a\ncolour error-weighted histogram, and thus trace the galaxy bimodality out to\nz~1.65. The (U_280-V) of the red sequence is found to evolve almost linearly\nwith lookback time. At high redshift, we find massive galaxies in both the red\nand the blue population. Red-sequence galaxies with log M_*/M_sun>11 increase\nin mass density by a factor of ~4 from z~2 to 1 and remain nearly constant at\nz<1. However, some galaxies as massive as log M_*/M_sun=11.5 are already in\nplace at z~2.\n" }, { "id": "ae6ce2a4-ab2c-4e85-aa21-39dee2f02616", "adv_source_id": "ae6ce2a4-ab2c-4e85-aa21-39dee2f02616", "source_id": "ae6ce2a4-ab2c-4e85-aa21-39dee2f02616", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Quantum Creation of Matter in the Expanding Universe", "prompt": null, "generation": " Quantum Action Principle which has been used as a ground for a probabilistic\ninterpretation of one-particle relativistic quantum mechanics \\cite{GLL} is\napplied to quantum cosmology. The quantum creation of matter in a\nminisuperspace model with one homogeneous scalar field is considered. The\ninitial state of the universe is defined as a stationary ground state of the\nHamiltonian with the Euclidean signature in which the mean value of the\nuniverse radius is equal to the Plank length and the number of the scalar field\nquanta is equal zero. We interpret the change of the signature as the universe\n\"birth\". From this moment of time the dynamics of the scale factor is\nconsidered as classical. The real phase of the amplitude of the creation\nprocess is taken as a quantum action. The balance between matter and\ngravitation energies in the creation process is fulfilled by the condition of\nthe stationarity of the quantum action with respect to the internal time of the\nuniverse.\n" }, { "id": "0975c248-e0d7-4f80-bfb8-d6a4b0b20573", "adv_source_id": "0975c248-e0d7-4f80-bfb8-d6a4b0b20573", "source_id": "0975c248-e0d7-4f80-bfb8-d6a4b0b20573", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Sensitivity of Noncoherent Capacity to the Channel Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " The noncoherent capacity of stationary discrete-time fading channels is known\nto be very sensitive to the fine details of the channel model. More\nspecifically, the measure of the set of harmonics where the power spectral\ndensity of the fading process is nonzero determines if capacity grows\nlogarithmically in SNR or slower than logarithmically. An engineering-relevant\nproblem is to characterize the SNR value at which this sensitivity starts to\nmatter.\n In this paper, we consider the general class of continuous-time\nRayleigh-fading channels that satisfy the wide-sense stationary\nuncorrelated-scattering (WSSUS) assumption and are, in addition, underspread.\nFor this class of channels, we show that the noncoherent capacity is close to\nthe AWGN capacity for all SNR values of practical interest, independently of\nwhether the scattering function is compactly supported or not. As a byproduct\nof our analysis, we obtain an information-theoretic pulse-design criterion for\northogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems.\n" }, { "id": "98713131-f48f-440b-8880-6076088f957e", "adv_source_id": "98713131-f48f-440b-8880-6076088f957e", "source_id": "98713131-f48f-440b-8880-6076088f957e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of Aperture Evolution in a Rock Joint Using a Complex Network\n Approach", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this study, we develop a complex network approach on a rough fracture,\nwhere evolution of elementary aperture during translational shear is\ncharacterized. In this manner, based on some hidden metric spaces (similarity\nmeasurements) between apertures profiles, we make evolutionary network in two\ndirections (in parallel and perpendicular to the shear direction) and on the\nmeasured apertures profiles. Evaluation of the emerged network shows the\nconnectivity degree (distribution) of network, after a transition step; fall in\nto the stable states which are coincided with the Gaussian distribution. Based\non this event and real observations of the complex network changes, a simple\nmodel has been proposed in which evolving (decaying) of network is accomplished\nusing a preferential detachment of edges. This suggests that destroying of\nsurfaces is accomplished in a manner that is followed as a combination of\nrandom and preferential selection of each element. Also, evolving of cluster\ncoefficients and number of edges displays similar patterns as well as are\nappeared in shear stress, hydraulic conductivity and dilation changes, which\ncan be engaged to estimate shear strength distribution of asperities.\nDistinguishing of the contact profiles (or their equivalent : percolating\nclusters) and their changes, despite the former case, disclosed new side of a\nnetwork, namely growing networks, which shed light the details of changes\nwithin intra-topology of profiles.\n Keywords: Complex Network, Aperture Evolution, Rock Joint\n" }, { "id": "e63080de-a643-455e-be7a-aa59e56b0a01", "adv_source_id": "e63080de-a643-455e-be7a-aa59e56b0a01", "source_id": "e63080de-a643-455e-be7a-aa59e56b0a01", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "New indications of the existence of the 6 top-anti-top quark bound\n states in LHC experiments", "prompt": null, "generation": " It was shown: 1) that the mass of the Higgs boson discovered by LHC\ncorresponds to the stability conditions of the SM vacua and to the Multiple\nPoint Principle, according to which all vacua of the SM are degenerate, or\nalmost degenerate; 2) that early predicted by authors new bound states (NBS) of\nthe 6 top and 6 anti-top quarks (\"T-fireballs\"), which are formed by their\nintermediate interactions with the Higgs bosons, manifest themselves in the\nproduction of multijets in pp-collisions at LHC. The CMS experiment of LHC with\nthe production of 10 jets can be explained by the production of pairs of these\nNBS along with the production of pairs of the top-anti-top quarks. 3) Also it\nwas shown that the next indication of the possible existence of the NBS can be\nthe decay $H\\to \\gamma\\gamma$, which was observed by CMS-collaboration of LHC.\nWe have considered the contributions of the one-loop diagrams to the width\n$\\Gamma_{H\\to \\gamma\\gamma}$, taking into account the contributions of the\nT-fireballs along the contributions of the known SM-particles.\n" }, { "id": "a99c56a0-a906-46a1-8748-180cdd9e7542", "adv_source_id": "a99c56a0-a906-46a1-8748-180cdd9e7542", "source_id": "a99c56a0-a906-46a1-8748-180cdd9e7542", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Partitions of $\\mathbb{Z}_n$ into Arithmetic Progressions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce the notion of arithmetic progression blocks or AP-blocks of\n$\\mathbb{Z}_n$, which can be represented as sequences of the form $(x, x+m,\nx+2m, ..., x+(i-1)m) \\pmod n$. Then we consider the problem of partitioning\n$\\mathbb{Z}_n$ into AP-blocks for a given difference $m$. We show that subject\nto a technical condition, the number of partitions of $\\mathbb{Z}_n$ into\n$m$-AP-blocks of a given type is independent of $m$. When we restrict our\nattention to blocks of sizes one or two, we are led to a combinatorial\ninterpretation of a formula recently derived by Mansour and Sun as a\ngeneralization of the Kaplansky numbers. These numbers have also occurred as\nthe coefficients in Waring's formula for symmetric functions.\n" }, { "id": "91ffca27-a537-4374-9df8-1df541f0398f", "adv_source_id": "91ffca27-a537-4374-9df8-1df541f0398f", "source_id": "91ffca27-a537-4374-9df8-1df541f0398f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Reasoning about Social Choice Functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a logic specifically designed to support reasoning about social\nchoice functions. The logic includes operators to capture strategic ability,\nand operators to capture agent preferences. We establish a correspondence\nbetween formulae in the logic and properties of social choice functions, and\nshow that the logic is expressively complete with respect to social choice\nfunctions, i.e., that every social choice function can be characterised as a\nformula of the logic. We prove that the logic is decidable, and give a complete\naxiomatization. To demonstrate the value of the logic, we show in particular\nhow it can be applied to the problem of determining whether a social choice\nfunction is strategy-proof.\n" }, { "id": "3f319998-fe15-4e04-97ea-e1b123af5061", "adv_source_id": "3f319998-fe15-4e04-97ea-e1b123af5061", "source_id": "3f319998-fe15-4e04-97ea-e1b123af5061", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structure and properties of functional oxide thin films: Insights from\n electronic-structure calculations", "prompt": null, "generation": " The confluence of state-of-the-art electronic-structure computations and\nmodern synthetic materials growth techniques is proving indispensable in the\nsearch for and discovery of new functionalities in oxide thin films and\nheterostructures. Here, we review the recent contributions of\nelectronic-structure calculations to predicting, understanding, and discovering\nnew materials physics in thin-film perovskite oxides. We show that such\ncalculations can accurately predict both structure and properties in advance of\nfilm synthesis, thereby guiding the search for materials combinations with\nspecific targeted functionalities. In addition, because they can isolate and\ndecouple the effects of various parameters which unavoidably occur\nsimultaneously in an experiment -- such as epitaxial strain, interfacial\nchemistry and defect profiles -- they are able to provide new fundamental\nknowledge about the underlying physics. We conclude by outlining the\nlimitations of current computational techniques, as well as some important open\nquestions that we hope will motivate further methodological developments in the\nfield.\n" }, { "id": "4aea67cb-e294-47c9-bfd8-f1396313098a", "adv_source_id": "4aea67cb-e294-47c9-bfd8-f1396313098a", "source_id": "4aea67cb-e294-47c9-bfd8-f1396313098a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantifying impacts of short-term plasticity on neuronal information\n transfer", "prompt": null, "generation": " Short-term changes in efficacy have been postulated to enhance the ability of\nsynapses to transmit information between neurons, and within neuronal networks.\nEven at the level of connections between single neurons, direct confirmation of\nthis simple conjecture has proven elusive. By combining paired-cell recordings,\nrealistic synaptic modelling and information theory, we provide evidence that\nshort-term plasticity can not only improve, but also reduce information\ntransfer between neurons. We focus on a concrete example in rat neocortex, but\nour results may generalise to other systems. When information is contained in\nthe timings of individual spikes, we find that facilitation, depression and\nrecovery affect information transmission in proportion to their impacts upon\nthe probability of neurotransmitter release. When information is instead\nconveyed by mean spike rate only, the influences of short-term plasticity\ncritically depend on the range of spike frequencies that the target network can\ndistinguish (its effective dynamic range). Our results suggest that to\nefficiently transmit information, the brain must match synaptic type, coding\nstrategy and network connectivity during development and behaviour.\n" }, { "id": "41e23caf-9fe6-4a64-9de5-378de82e3c7f", "adv_source_id": "41e23caf-9fe6-4a64-9de5-378de82e3c7f", "source_id": "41e23caf-9fe6-4a64-9de5-378de82e3c7f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The phases of deuterium at extreme densities", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider deuterium compressed to higher than atomic, but lower than\nnuclear densities. At such densities deuterium is a superconducting quantum\nliquid. Generically, two superconducting phases compete, a \"ferromagnetic\" and\na \"nematic\" one. We provide a power counting argument suggesting that the\ndominant interactions in the deuteron liquid are perturbative (but screened)\nCoulomb interactions. At very high densities the ground state is determined by\nvery small nuclear interaction effects that probably favor the ferromagnetic\nphase. At lower densities the symmetry of the theory is effectively enhanced to\nSU(3), and the quantum liquid enters a novel phase, neither ferromagnetic nor\nnematic. Our results can serve as a starting point for investigations of the\nphase dynamics of deuteron liquids, as well as exploration of the stability and\ndynamics of the rich variety of topological objects that may occur in phases of\nthe deuteron quantum liquid, which range from Alice strings to spin skyrmions\nto Z_2 vortices.\n" }, { "id": "d14b4a39-31e2-49db-822c-1281af4d6f74", "adv_source_id": "d14b4a39-31e2-49db-822c-1281af4d6f74", "source_id": "d14b4a39-31e2-49db-822c-1281af4d6f74", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fluid Limits for Overloaded Multiclass FIFO Single-Server Queues with\n General Abandonment", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider an overloaded multiclass nonidling first-in-first-out\nsingle-server queue with abandonment. The interarrival times, service times,\nand deadline times are sequences of independent and identically, but generally\ndistributed random variables. In prior work, Jennings and Reed studied the\nworkload process associated with this queue. Under mild conditions, they\nestablish both a functional law of large numbers and a functional central limit\ntheorem for this process. We build on that work here. For this, we consider a\nmore detailed description of the system state given by $K$ finite, nonnegative\nBorel measures on the nonnegative quadrant, one for each job class. For each\ntime and job class, the associated measure has a unit atom associated with each\njob of that class in the system at the coordinates determined by what are\nreferred to as the residual virtual sojourn time and residual patience time of\nthat job. Under mild conditions, we prove a functional law of large numbers for\nthis measure-valued state descriptor. This yields approximations for related\nprocesses such as the queue lengths and abandoning queue lengths. An\ninteresting characteristic of these approximations is that they depend on the\ndeadline distributions in their entirety.\n" }, { "id": "d19be3c9-ddd7-498c-9fb1-7e0a964afda3", "adv_source_id": "d19be3c9-ddd7-498c-9fb1-7e0a964afda3", "source_id": "d19be3c9-ddd7-498c-9fb1-7e0a964afda3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electric field response of strongly correlated one-dimensional metals: a\n Bethe-Ansatz density functional theory study", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a theoretical study on the response properties to an external\nelectric field of strongly correlated one-dimensional metals. Our investigation\nis based on the recently developed Bethe-Ansatz local density approximation\n(BALDA) to the density functional theory formulation of the Hubbard model. This\nis capable of describing both Luttinger liquid and Mott-insulator correlations.\nThe BALDA calculated values for the static linear polarizability are compared\nwith those obtained by numerically accurate methods, such as exact (Lanczos)\ndiagonalization and the density matrix renormalization group, over a broad\nrange of parameters. In general BALDA linear polarizabilities are in good\nagreement with the exact results. The response of the exact exchange and\ncorrelation potential is found to point in the same direction of the perturbing\npotential. This is well reproduced by the BALDA approach, although the fine\ndetails depend on the specific parameterization for the local approximation.\nFinally we provide a numerical proof for the non-locality of the exact exchange\nand correlation functional.\n" }, { "id": "31503dee-c799-4a1c-821f-de17dd27cdaf", "adv_source_id": "31503dee-c799-4a1c-821f-de17dd27cdaf", "source_id": "31503dee-c799-4a1c-821f-de17dd27cdaf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Models for Paired Comparison Data: A Review with Emphasis on Dependent\n Data", "prompt": null, "generation": " Thurstonian and Bradley-Terry models are the most commonly applied models in\nthe analysis of paired comparison data. Since their introduction, numerous\ndevelopments have been proposed in different areas. This paper provides an\nupdated overview of these extensions, including how to account for object- and\nsubject-specific covariates and how to deal with ordinal paired comparison\ndata. Special emphasis is given to models for dependent comparisons. Although\nthese models are more realistic, their use is complicated by numerical\ndifficulties. We therefore concentrate on implementation issues. In particular,\na pairwise likelihood approach is explored for models for dependent paired\ncomparison data, and a simulation study is carried out to compare the\nperformance of maximum pairwise likelihood with other limited information\nestimation methods. The methodology is illustrated throughout using a real data\nset about university paired comparisons performed by students.\n" }, { "id": "53eb82c9-df22-4b24-ba30-6dabd1879bc1", "adv_source_id": "53eb82c9-df22-4b24-ba30-6dabd1879bc1", "source_id": "53eb82c9-df22-4b24-ba30-6dabd1879bc1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasi 9 and 30-40 days periodicities in the solar differential rotation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the daily Mount Wilson Doppler velocity data during 1986-1994 (solar\ncycle 22), we studied the short-term variations of the order of a few days to a\nmonth time scales in the solar differential rotation coefficients A-bar, B-bar\nand C-bar. We found that a ~9-day periodicity is statistically highly\nsignificant in the variations of C-bar at the maximum of solar cycle 22. A\nsimilar periodicity is found in the variations of B-bar during the descending\nphase of the cycle 22 with significant on > 99.9% confidence level. At this\ncycle maximum, a 30-40 day periodicity is found to be dominant among the\nvariations in B-bar, and this periodicity is found in A-bar during almost\nthroughout the period 1986-1994.The ~9-day periodicity in the variation of the\ndifferential rotation approximately matches with the known quasi 10-day\nperiodicity in the total solar irradiance (TSI) variability. Hence, we\nspeculate that there exists a relationship between the differential rotation\nand TSI variability. We suggest that the 9-10 day periodicities of the\ndifferential rotation and TSI have a relationship with the production and the\nemergence rates of the large-scale solar magnetic flux.\n" }, { "id": "260a48e8-2621-44da-a704-1f89a53bd136", "adv_source_id": "260a48e8-2621-44da-a704-1f89a53bd136", "source_id": "260a48e8-2621-44da-a704-1f89a53bd136", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stability and Bounded Balls of Free Products", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a series of papers starting in [Sel01] and culminating in [Sel07], Z. Sela\nproved that free groups, and more generally torsion-free hyperbolic groups,\nhave a stable first-order theory. The question of the stability of the free\nproduct of two arbitrary stable groups has then been raised by E. Jaligot with,\nseemingly, the reasonable conjecture of a positive answer [Jal08]. The complete\nproof however will be a grand project of generalization of above papers of\nSela.In the meantime, we provide here a very preliminary -or somehow experi-\nmental- result in the direction of the stability of free products of stable\ngroups, restricting ourselves to quantifer-free definable sets and to bounded\nballs of free products.\n" }, { "id": "9def2733-1be2-4c32-823a-96d8fad3cef6", "adv_source_id": "9def2733-1be2-4c32-823a-96d8fad3cef6", "source_id": "9def2733-1be2-4c32-823a-96d8fad3cef6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "GAVO Tools for the Analysis of Stars and Nebulae", "prompt": null, "generation": " Within the framework of the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (GAVO),\nwe provide synthetic spectra, simulation software for the calculation of NLTE\nmodel atmospheres, as well as necessary atomic data. This will enable a VO user\nto directly compare observation and model-atmosphere spectra on three levels:\nThe easiest and fastest way is the use of our pre-calculated flux-table grid in\nwhich one may inter- and extrapolate. For a more precise analysis of an\nabservation, the VO user may improve the fit to the observation by the\ncalculation of individual model atmospheres with fine-tuned photospheric\nparameters via the WWW interface TMAW. The more experienced VO user may create\nown atomic-data files for a more detailed analysis and calculate model\natmosphere and flux tables with these.\n" }, { "id": "68d2547f-4aba-4e03-8ed6-e91459cb8320", "adv_source_id": "68d2547f-4aba-4e03-8ed6-e91459cb8320", "source_id": "68d2547f-4aba-4e03-8ed6-e91459cb8320", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The distributed Slow Control System of the XENON100 Experiment", "prompt": null, "generation": " The XENON100 experiment, in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran\nSasso (LNGS) in Italy, was designed to search for evidence of dark matter\ninteractions inside a volume of liquid xenon using a dual-phase time projection\nchamber. This paper describes the Slow Control System (SCS) of the experiment\nwith emphasis on the distributed architecture as well as on its modular and\nexpandable nature. The system software was designed according to the rules of\nObject-Oriented Programming and coded in Java, thus promoting code reusability\nand maximum flexibility during commissioning of the experiment. The SCS has\nbeen continuously monitoring the XENON100 detector since mid 2008, remotely\nrecording hundreds of parameters on a few dozen instruments in real time, and\nsetting emergency alarms for the most important variables.\n" }, { "id": "c3e1bf18-be1b-4b9c-81dd-d74d4cf41496", "adv_source_id": "c3e1bf18-be1b-4b9c-81dd-d74d4cf41496", "source_id": "c3e1bf18-be1b-4b9c-81dd-d74d4cf41496", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Could the Magellanic Clouds be tidal dwarves expelled from a past-merger\n event occurring in Andromeda?", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Magellanic Clouds are often considered as outliers in the satellite\nsystem of the Milky Way because they are irregular and gas-rich galaxies. From\ntheir large relative motion, they are likely from their first pass near the\nMilky Way, possibly originating from another region of the Local Group or its\noutskirts. M31 could have been in a merger stage in its past and we investigate\nwhether or not the Large Magellanic Cloud could have been a tidal dwarf\nexpelled during this event. Such an hypothesis is tested in the frame of\npresent-day measurements and uncertainties of the relative motions of LMC and\nM31. Our method is to trace back the LMC trajectory using several thousands of\ndifferent configurations that sample the corresponding parameter space. We find\nseveral configurations that let LMC at 50 kpc from M31, 4.3 to 8 Gyrs ago,\ndepending on the adopted shape of the Milky Way halo. For all configurations,\nthe LMC velocity at such a location is invariably slightly larger than the\nescape velocity at such a radius. The preferred solutions correspond to a\nspherical to prolate Milky Way halo, predicting a transversal motion of M31 of\nless than 107 km/s and down to values that are close to zero. We conclude that\nfrom present-day measurements, Magellanic Clouds could well be tidal dwarves\nexpelled from a former merger events occurring in M31.\n" }, { "id": "726b3d9c-b9a3-4b67-b186-0a8c45350a41", "adv_source_id": "726b3d9c-b9a3-4b67-b186-0a8c45350a41", "source_id": "726b3d9c-b9a3-4b67-b186-0a8c45350a41", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for $\\chi_{c_J}(2P)$ from Higher Charmonim E1 Transitions and\n X,Y,Z States", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate the E1 transition widths of higher vector charmonium states into\nthe spin-triplet 2P states in three typical potential models, and discuss the\npossibility to detect these 2P states via these E1 transitions. We attempt to\nclarify the nature of some recently observed X,Y,Z states by comparing them\nwith these 2P charmonium states in these E1 transitions. In particular, the\ncalculated branching ratios of $\\psi(4040),\\psi(4160)\\to \\chi^{'}_{c_J}\\gamma$\n(J=0,1,2) are found to be in the range of $10^{-4}-10^{-3}$, and sensitive to\nthe 3S-2D mixing of $\\psi(4040)$ and $\\psi(4160)$. The mixing angle may be\nconstrained by measuring $\\psi(4040),\\psi(4160)\\to Z(3930)\\gamma$, if Z(3930)\nis identified with the $\\chi^{'}_{c_2}$ state, and then be used in measuring\n$\\chi^{'}_{c_{0,1}}$ states. These processes can be studied experimentally at\n$e^+e^-$ colliders such as BEPCII/BESIII and CESR/CLEO.\n" }, { "id": "ba8fbf5f-976c-4666-934d-1e9a0413f8fd", "adv_source_id": "ba8fbf5f-976c-4666-934d-1e9a0413f8fd", "source_id": "ba8fbf5f-976c-4666-934d-1e9a0413f8fd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Many-body physics in the classical-field description of a degenerate\n Bose gas", "prompt": null, "generation": " The classical-field formalism has been widely applied in the calculation of\nnormal correlation functions, and the characterization of condensation, in\nfinite-temperature Bose gases. Here we discuss the extension of this method to\nthe calculation of more general correlations, including the so-called anomalous\ncorrelations of the field, without recourse to symmetry-breaking assumptions.\nOur method is based on the introduction of U(1)-symmetric classical-field\nvariables analogous to the modified quantum ladder operators of\nnumber-conserving approaches to the degenerate Bose gas, and allows us to\nrigorously quantify the anomalous and non-Gaussian character of the field\nfluctuations. We compare our results for anomalous correlation functions with\nthe predictions of mean-field theories, and demonstrate that the nonlinear\nclassical-field dynamics incorporate a full description of many-body processes\nwhich modify the effective mean-field potentials experienced by condensate and\nnoncondensate atoms. We discuss the role of these processes in shaping the\ncondensate mode, and thereby demonstrate the consistency of the Penrose-Onsager\ndefinition of the condensate orbital in the classical-field equilibrium. We\nconsider the contribution of various noncondensate-field correlations to the\noverall suppression of density fluctuations and interactions in the field, and\ndemonstrate the distinct roles of phase and density fluctuations in the\ntransition of the field to the normal phase.\n" }, { "id": "51c822a1-9431-4846-b76a-c5988cba147e", "adv_source_id": "51c822a1-9431-4846-b76a-c5988cba147e", "source_id": "51c822a1-9431-4846-b76a-c5988cba147e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Asymmetric non-Gaussian effects in a tumor growth model with\n immunization", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dynamical evolution of a tumor growth model, under immune surveillance\nand subject to asymmetric non-Gaussian $\\alpha$-stableL\\'evy noise, is\nexplored. The lifetime of a tumor staying in the range between the tumor-free\nstate and the stable tumor state, and the likelihood of noise-inducing tumor\nextinction, are characterized by the mean exit time (also called mean residence\ntime) and the escape probability, respectively. For various initial densities\nof tumor cells, the mean exit time and the escape probability are computed with\ndifferent noise parameters. It is observed that unlike the Gaussian noise or\nsymmetric non-Gaussian noise, the asymmetric non-Gaussian noise plays a\nconstructive role in the tumor evolution in this simple model. By adjusting the\nnoise parameters, the mean exit time can be shortened and the escape\nprobability can be increased, simultaneously. This suggests that a tumor may be\nmitigated with higher probability in a shorter time, under certain external\nenvironmental stimuli.\n" }, { "id": "d6492a0b-2f3b-4cc0-95c5-d886f0de8a79", "adv_source_id": "d6492a0b-2f3b-4cc0-95c5-d886f0de8a79", "source_id": "d6492a0b-2f3b-4cc0-95c5-d886f0de8a79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Goldbach Conjecture and the least prime number in an arithmetic\n progression", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this Note, we try to study the relations between the Goldbach Conjecture\nand the least prime number in an arithmetic progression. We give a new weakened\nform of the Goldbach Conjecture. We prove that this weakened form and a\nweakened form of the Chowla Hypothesis imply that every sufficiently large even\ninteger may be written as the sum of two distinct primes.\n R\\'{e}sum\\'{e}\n La conjecture de Goldbach et le plus petit nombre premier dans une\nprogression arithm\\'{e}tique\n Dans ce document, nous essayons d'\\'{e}tudier les relations entre la\nconjecture de Goldbach et le plus petit nombre premier dans une progression\narithm\\'{e}tique. Nous donnons une nouvelle forme faible de la conjecture de\nGoldbach. Nous prouvons que cette forme affaiblie et une forme affaiblie de\nl'hypoth\\`{e}se de Chowla impliquent que tout entier pair suffisamment grand\npeut \\^{e}tre \\'{e}crit comme une somme de deux nombres premiers distincts.\n" }, { "id": "c4d9c0c3-e207-459a-9e02-142f74a128bd", "adv_source_id": "c4d9c0c3-e207-459a-9e02-142f74a128bd", "source_id": "c4d9c0c3-e207-459a-9e02-142f74a128bd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An asymptotic integral representation for Carleman orthogonal\n polynomials", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behavior of polynomials that are\northonormal over the interior domain of an analytic Jordan curve L with respect\nto area measure. We prove that, inside L, these polynomials behave\nasymptotically like a sequence of certain integrals involving the canonical\nconformal map of the exterior of L onto the exterior of the unit circle and\ncertain meromorphic kernel function defined in terms of a conformal map of the\ninterior of L onto the unit disk. The error term in the integral representation\nis proven to decay geometrically and sufficiently fast, allowing us to obtain\nmore precise asymptotic formulas for the polynomials under certain additional\ngeometric considerations. These formulas yield, in turn, fine results on the\nlocation, limiting distribution and accumulation points of the zeros of the\npolynomials.\n" }, { "id": "dc491617-104e-4b28-96b9-8e0c862486a1", "adv_source_id": "dc491617-104e-4b28-96b9-8e0c862486a1", "source_id": "dc491617-104e-4b28-96b9-8e0c862486a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Assessment of an analytical density-matrix derived from a modified\n Colle-Salvetti approach to the electron gas", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Ragot-Cortona model of local correlation energy (J. Chem. Phys. 121, 7671\n(2004)) revisits the initial approach of Colle and Salvetti [Theo. Chim. Acta\n37, 329 (1975)] in order to reinstate the kinetic contribution Tc to the total\ncorrelation energy Ec. In this work, the one-electron reduced density-matrix\nunderlying the amended model is fully derived in closed-form. By construction,\nthe said density-matrix is parameter-free but not N-representable, owing to a\nseries of approximations used in the Ragot-Cortona approach. However, the\nresulting density-matrix is shown to have formally correct short- and\nlong-range expansions. Furthermore, its momentum-space counterpart\nqualitatively agrees with known parameterized momentum distributions except at\nsmall momenta, where the disagreement reflects the non-representability of the\nmodel and restricts to a small fraction of the slowest electrons only.\n" }, { "id": "c82b4b30-b8e5-48a4-b419-a4986453e44c", "adv_source_id": "c82b4b30-b8e5-48a4-b419-a4986453e44c", "source_id": "c82b4b30-b8e5-48a4-b419-a4986453e44c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Phase Separation under Ultra-Slow Cooling: Onset of Nucleation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss the interplay between a slow continuous drift of temperature,\nwhich induces continuous phase separation, and the non-linear diffusion term in\nthe $\\phi^4$-model for phase separation of a binary mixture. This leads to a\nbound for the stability of diffusive demixing. It is argued that these findings\nare not specific to the $\\phi^4$ model, but that they always apply up to slight\nmodifications of the bound. In practice stable diffusive demixing can only be\nachieved when special precautions are taken in experiments on real mixtures.\nTherefore, the recent observations on complex dynamical behavior in such\nsystems should be considered as a new challenge for understanding generic\nfeatures of phase-separating systems.\n" }, { "id": "b43603ba-2967-45d5-b6f8-adb91c407a97", "adv_source_id": "b43603ba-2967-45d5-b6f8-adb91c407a97", "source_id": "b43603ba-2967-45d5-b6f8-adb91c407a97", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modelling the transition from a socialist to capitalist economic system", "prompt": null, "generation": " The transition of several East and Central European countries and the\ncountries of the Former Soviet Union from the socialist economic system to the\ncapitalist one is studied. A recently developed microeconomic model for the\npersonal income distribution and its evolution and a simple functional\nrelationship between the rate of the per capita GDP growth and the attained\nlevel of the per capita GDP are used to describe the transition process. The\ndeveloped transition model contains only three defining parameters and\ndescribes the process of real GDP per capita evolution during the last 15\nyears. It is found that the transition process finished in the Central European\ncountries several years ago and their economic evolution is defined by pure\ncapitalist rules. In the long run, this means that the future of these\ncountries has to follow the same path, i.e. dependence on the per capita GDP\ngrowth rate of the per capita GDP itself, as the developed countries have had\nin the past. If the best GDP evolution scenario occurs for the studied\ncountries, they will be able to maintain the absolute lag in per capita GDP\nrelative to most developed countries including the USA. But they will never\ncatch the advanced countries if they follow the same rules of development. In\nRussia and some countries of the Former Soviet Union the transition process is\nstill far from complete.\n" }, { "id": "3b08a2de-3ba4-4f98-a990-8720a886fb41", "adv_source_id": "3b08a2de-3ba4-4f98-a990-8720a886fb41", "source_id": "3b08a2de-3ba4-4f98-a990-8720a886fb41", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mid-infrared interferometry of massive young stellar objects", "prompt": null, "generation": " The very inner structure of massive young stellar objects (YSOs) is difficult\nto trace. With conventional observational methods we identify structures still\nseveral hundreds of AU in size. However, the (proto-)stellar growth takes place\nat the innermost regions (<100 AU) where the actual mass transfer onto the\nforming high-mass star occurs. We present results from our programme toward\nmassive YSOs at the VLTI, utilising the two-element interferometer MIDI. To\ndate, we observed 10 well-known massive YSOs down to scales of 20 mas\n(typically corresponding to 20 - 40 AU for our targets) in the 8-13 micron\nregion. We clearly resolve these objects which results in low visibilities and\nsizes in the order of 30-50 mas. For two objects, we show results of our\nmodelling. We demonstrate that the MIDI data can reveal decisive structure\ninformation for massive YSOs. They are often pivotal in order to resolve\nambiguities still immanent in model parameters derived from sole SED fitting.\n" }, { "id": "f9b4b032-f64c-4a5f-b60e-eefb54e2c9ac", "adv_source_id": "f9b4b032-f64c-4a5f-b60e-eefb54e2c9ac", "source_id": "f9b4b032-f64c-4a5f-b60e-eefb54e2c9ac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Slow evolution of vertebrates with large genomes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Darwin introduced the concept of the \"living fossil\" to describe species\nbelonging to lineages that have experienced little evolutionary change, and\nsuggested that species in more slowly evolving lineages are more prone to\nextinction (1). Recent studies revealed that some living fossils such as the\nlungfish are indeed evolving more slowly than other vertebrates (2, 3). The\nreason for the slower rate of evolution in these lineages remains unclear, but\nthe same observations suggest a possible genome size effect on rates of\nevolution. Genome size (C-value) in vertebrates varies over 200 fold ranging\nfrom pufferfish (0.4 pg) to lungfish (132.8 pg) (4). Variation in genome size\nand architecture is a fundamental cellular adaptation that remains poorly\nunderstood (5). C-value is correlated with several allometric traits such as\nbody size and developmental rates in many, but not all, organisms (6, 7). To\ndate, no consensus exists concerning the mechanisms driving genome size\nevolution or the effect that genome size has on species traits such as\nevolutionary rates (8-12). In the following we show that: 1) within the same\nrange of divergence times, genetic diversity decreases as genome size increases\nand 2) average rates of molecular evolution decline with increasing genome size\nin vertebrates. Together, these observations indicate that genome size is an\nimportant factor influencing rates of speciation and extinction.\n" }, { "id": "444be3c2-b30b-431a-b91b-ae594d13ce14", "adv_source_id": "444be3c2-b30b-431a-b91b-ae594d13ce14", "source_id": "444be3c2-b30b-431a-b91b-ae594d13ce14", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new method to compute quasi-local spin and other invariants on\n marginally trapped surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We accurately compute the scalar 2-curvature, the Weyl scalars, associated\nquasi-local spin, mass and higher multipole moments on marginally trapped\nsurfaces in numerical 3+1 simulations. To determine the quasi-local quantities\nwe introduce a new method which requires a set of invariant surface integrals,\nallowing for surface grids of a few hundred points only. The new technique\ncircumvents solving the Killing equation and is also an alternative to\napproximate Killing vector fields. We apply the method to a perturbed\nnon-axisymmetric black hole ringing down to Kerr and compare the quasi-local\nspin with other methods that use Killing vector fields, coordinate vector\nfields, quasinormal ringing and properties of the Kerr metric on the surface.\nInteresting is the agreement with the spin of approximate Killing vector fields\nduring the phase of perturbed axisymmetry. Additionally, we introduce a new\ncoordinate transformation, adapting spherical coordinates to any two points on\nthe sphere like the two minima of the scalar 2-curvature on axisymmetric\ntrapped surfaces.\n" }, { "id": "ff32d571-d1a8-4fa2-bbeb-40186ca7bdf4", "adv_source_id": "ff32d571-d1a8-4fa2-bbeb-40186ca7bdf4", "source_id": "ff32d571-d1a8-4fa2-bbeb-40186ca7bdf4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Analysis of the expected number of bit comparisons required by\n Quickselect", "prompt": null, "generation": " When algorithms for sorting and searching are applied to keys that are\nrepresented as bit strings, we can quantify the performance of the algorithms\nnot only in terms of the number of key comparisons required by the algorithms\nbut also in terms of the number of bit comparisons. Some of the standard\nsorting and searching algorithms have been analyzed with respect to key\ncomparisons but not with respect to bit comparisons. In this paper, we\ninvestigate the expected number of bit comparisons required by Quickselect\n(also known as Find). We develop exact and asymptotic formulae for the expected\nnumber of bit comparisons required to find the smallest or largest key by\nQuickselect and show that the expectation is asymptotically linear with respect\nto the number of keys. Similar results are obtained for the average case. For\nfinding keys of arbitrary rank, we derive an exact formula for the expected\nnumber of bit comparisons that (using rational arithmetic) requires only finite\nsummation (rather than such operations as numerical integration) and use it to\ncompute the expectation for each target rank.\n" }, { "id": "75ba32cc-96b7-48c0-a420-c3105688cfa4", "adv_source_id": "75ba32cc-96b7-48c0-a420-c3105688cfa4", "source_id": "75ba32cc-96b7-48c0-a420-c3105688cfa4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Competition among reputations in the 2D Sznajd model: Spontaneous\n emergence of democratic states", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a modification in the Sznajd sociophysics model defined on the\nsquare lattice. For this purpose, we consider reputation-a mechanism limiting\nthe agents' persuasive power. The reputation is introduced as a time-dependent\nscore, which can be positive or negative. This mechanism avoids dictatorship\n(full consensus, all spins parallel) for a wide range of model parameters. We\nconsider two different situations: case 1, in which the agents' reputation\nincreases for each persuaded neighbor, and case 2, in which the agents'\nreputation increases for each persuasion and decreases when a neighbor keeps\nhis opinion. Our results show that the introduction of reputation avoids full\nconsensus even for initial densities of up spins greater than 1/2. The\nrelaxation times follow a log-normal-like distribution in both cases, but they\nare larger in case 2 due to the competition among reputations. In addition, we\nshow that the usual phase transition occurs and depends on the initial\nconcentration $d$ of individuals with the same opinion, but the critical points\n$d_{c}$ in the two cases are different.\n" }, { "id": "e2a75866-8d6a-4ddf-8f60-520ce18ced50", "adv_source_id": "e2a75866-8d6a-4ddf-8f60-520ce18ced50", "source_id": "e2a75866-8d6a-4ddf-8f60-520ce18ced50", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Deformation of canonical morphisms and the moduli of surfaces of general\n type", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article we study the deformation of finite maps and show how to use\nthis deformation theory to construct varieties with given invariants in a\nprojective space. Among other things, we prove a criterion that determines when\na finite map can be deformed to a one--to--one map. We use this criterion to\nconstruct new simple canonical surfaces with different $c_1^2$ and $\\chi$. Our\ngeneral results enable us to describe some new components of the moduli of\nsurfaces of general type. We also find infinitely many moduli spaces $\\mathcal\nM_{(x',0,y)}$ having one component whose general point corresponds to a\ncanonically embedded surface and another component whose general point\ncorresponds to a surface whose canonical map is a degree 2 morphism.\n" }, { "id": "81817e24-76a3-480e-9897-b07cce6876df", "adv_source_id": "81817e24-76a3-480e-9897-b07cce6876df", "source_id": "81817e24-76a3-480e-9897-b07cce6876df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of Bleeding in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images Using Range\n Ratio Color", "prompt": null, "generation": " Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is device to detect abnormalities in\ncolon,esophagus,small intestinal and stomach, to distinguish bleeding in WCE\nimages from non bleeding is a hard job by human reviewing and very time\nconsuming. Consequently, automation for classifying bleeding frames not only\nwill expedite the process but will reduce the burden on the doctors. Using the\npurity of the red color we can detect the Bleeding areas in WCE images. But, we\ncould find various intensity of red color values in different parts of the\nsmall intestinal,so it is not enough to depend on the red color feature alone.\nWe select RGB(Red,Green,Blue) because it takes raw level values and it is easy\nto use. In this paper we will put range ratio color for each of R,G,and B.\nTherefore, we divide each image into multiple pixels and apply the range ratio\ncolor condition for each pixel. Then we count the number of the pixels that\nachieved our condition. If the number of pixels grater than zero, then the\nframe is classified as a bleeding type. Otherwise, it is a non-bleeding. Our\nexperimental results show that this method could achieve a very high accuracy\nin detecting bleeding images for the different parts of the small intestinal\n" }, { "id": "83a43872-ca19-4e66-a673-a09d7519ca27", "adv_source_id": "83a43872-ca19-4e66-a673-a09d7519ca27", "source_id": "83a43872-ca19-4e66-a673-a09d7519ca27", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fixed points of nilpotent actions on ${\\mathbb S}^{2}$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove that a nilpotent subgroup of orientation preserving $C^{1}$\ndiffeomorphisms of ${\\mathbb S}^{2}$ has a finite orbit of cardinality at most\ntwo. We also prove that a finitely generated nilpotent subgroup of orientation\npreserving $C^{1}$ diffeomorphisms of ${\\mathbb R}^{2}$ preserving a compact\nset has a global fixed point. These results generalize theorems of Franks,\nHandel and Parwani for the abelian case.\n We show that a nilpotent subgroup of orientation preserving $C^{1}$\ndiffeomorphisms of ${\\mathbb S}^{2}$ that has a finite orbit of odd cardinality\nalso has a global fixed point. Moreover we study the properties of the\ntwo-points orbits of nilpotent fixed-point-free subgroups of orientation\npreserving $C^{1}$ diffeomorphisms of ${\\mathbb S}^{2}$.\n" }, { "id": "ed03bdb9-eafe-4c2e-ba2e-08679709743f", "adv_source_id": "ed03bdb9-eafe-4c2e-ba2e-08679709743f", "source_id": "ed03bdb9-eafe-4c2e-ba2e-08679709743f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Les Agents comme des interpr\\'eteurs Scheme : Sp\\'ecification dynamique\n par la communication", "prompt": null, "generation": " We proposed in previous papers an extension and an implementation of the\nSTROBE model, which regards the Agents as Scheme interpreters. These Agents are\nable to interpret messages in a dedicated environment including an interpreter\nthat learns from the current conversation therefore representing evolving\nmeta-level Agent's knowledge. When the Agent's interpreter is a\nnondeterministic one, the dialogues may consist of subsequent refinements of\nspecifications in the form of constraint sets. The paper presents a worked out\nexample of dynamic service generation - such as necessary on Grids - by\nexploiting STROBE Agents equipped with a nondeterministic interpreter. It shows\nhow enabling dynamic specification of a problem. Then it illustrates how these\nprinciples could be effective for other applications. Details of the\nimplementation are not provided here, but are available.\n" }, { "id": "e1dbe36d-633c-4582-af9f-aa0150c04e32", "adv_source_id": "e1dbe36d-633c-4582-af9f-aa0150c04e32", "source_id": "e1dbe36d-633c-4582-af9f-aa0150c04e32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Single--crossover recombination and ancestral recombination trees", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the Wright-Fisher model for a population of $N$ individuals, each\nidentified with a sequence of a finite number of sites, and single-crossover\nrecombination between them. We trace back the ancestry of single individuals\nfrom the present population. In the $N \\to \\infty$ limit without rescaling of\nparameters or time, this ancestral process is described by a random tree, whose\nbranching events correspond to the splitting of the sequence due to\nrecombination. With the help of a decomposition of the trees into subtrees, we\ncalculate the probabilities of the topologies of the ancestral trees. At the\nsame time, these probabilities lead to a semi-explicit solution of the\ndeterministic single-crossover equation. The latter is a discrete-time\ndynamical system that emerges from the Wright-Fisher model via a law of large\nnumbers and has been waiting for a solution for many decades.\n" }, { "id": "70f07ab9-104f-48e2-813a-c4d404d2814e", "adv_source_id": "70f07ab9-104f-48e2-813a-c4d404d2814e", "source_id": "70f07ab9-104f-48e2-813a-c4d404d2814e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pre-alternative algebras and pre-alternative bialgebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a notion of pre-alternative algebra which may be seen as an\nalternative algebra whose product can be decomposed into two pieces which are\ncompatible in a certain way. It is also the \"alternative\" analogue of a\ndendriform dialgebra or a pre-Lie algebra. The left and right multiplication\noperators of a pre-alternative algebra give a bimodule structure of the\nassociated alternative algebra. There exists a (coboundary) bialgebra theory\nfor pre-alternative algebras, namely, pre-alternative bialgebras, which\nexhibits all the familiar properties of the famous Lie bialgebra theory. In\nparticular, a pre-alternative bialgebra is equivalent to a phase space of an\nalternative algebra and our study leads to what we called $PA$-equations in a\npre-alternative algebra, which are analogues of the classical Yang-Baxter\nequation.\n" }, { "id": "49b321ea-003a-4986-ab30-eec7694f2bd5", "adv_source_id": "49b321ea-003a-4986-ab30-eec7694f2bd5", "source_id": "49b321ea-003a-4986-ab30-eec7694f2bd5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Comparing Single and Multiobjective Evolutionary Approaches to the\n Inventory and Transportation Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " EVITA, standing for Evolutionary Inventory and Transportation Algorithm, is a\ntwo-level methodology designed to address the Inventory and Transportation\nProblem (ITP) in retail chains. The top level uses an evolutionary algorithm to\nobtain delivery patterns for each shop on a weekly basis so as to minimise the\ninventory costs, while the bottom level solves the Vehicle Routing Problem\n(VRP) for every day in order to obtain the minimum transport costs associated\nto a particular set of patterns. The aim of this paper is to investigate\nwhether a multiobjective approach to this problem can yield any advantage over\nthe previously used single objective approach. The analysis performed allows us\nto conclude that this is not the case and that the single objective approach is\nin gene- ral preferable for the ITP in the case studied. A further conclusion\nis that it is useful to employ a classical algorithm such as Clarke & Wright's\nas the seed for other metaheuristics like local search or tabu search in order\nto provide good results for the Vehicle Routing Problem.\n" }, { "id": "5ae97aa4-c3f7-498b-a5f6-029530283a96", "adv_source_id": "5ae97aa4-c3f7-498b-a5f6-029530283a96", "source_id": "5ae97aa4-c3f7-498b-a5f6-029530283a96", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gauge fixing and classical dynamical r-matrices in ISO(2,1)-Chern-Simons\n theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We apply Dirac's gauge fixing procedure to Chern-Simons theory with gauge\ngroup ISO(2,1) on manifolds RxS, where S is a punctured oriented surface of\ngeneral genus. For all gauge fixing conditions that satisfy certain structural\nrequirements, this yields an explicit description of the Poisson structure on\nthe moduli space of flat ISO(2,1)-connections on S via the resulting Dirac\nbracket. The Dirac bracket is determined by classical dynamical r-matrices for\nISO(2,1). We show that the Poisson structures and classical dynamical\nr-matrices arising from different gauge fixing conditions are related by\ndynamical ISO(2,1)-valued transformations that generalise the usual gauge\ntransformations of classical dynamical r-matrices. By means of these\ntransformations, it is possible to classify all Poisson structures and\nclassical dynamical r-matrices obtained from such gauge fixings. Generically\nthese Poisson structures combine classical dynamical r-matrices for\nnon-conjugate Cartan subalgebras of iso(2,1).\n" }, { "id": "8fb2fdb0-62e1-4edd-9a75-0262d4caa971", "adv_source_id": "8fb2fdb0-62e1-4edd-9a75-0262d4caa971", "source_id": "8fb2fdb0-62e1-4edd-9a75-0262d4caa971", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Effect of the Elliptic Polarization on the Quasi-particle Dynamics\n of Linearly Coupled Systems of Nonlinear Schroedinger Equations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate numerically by a conservative difference scheme in complex\narithmetic the head-on and takeover collision dynamics of the solitary waves as\nsolutions of linearly Coupled Nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger Equations for various\ninitial phases. The initial conditions are superposition of two one-soliton\nsolutions with general polarization. The quasi-particle behavior of propagating\nand interacting solutions in conditions of rotational polarization is examined.\nWe find that the total mass, pseudomomentum and energy are conserved while the\nlocal masses, individual and total polarization depend strongly on the linear\ncoupling and the initial phase difference. We also find out that the\npolarization angle of the quasi-particles can change independently of the\ninteraction.\n" }, { "id": "9b125d70-9a2a-4fd5-9e36-930c18cc08a7", "adv_source_id": "9b125d70-9a2a-4fd5-9e36-930c18cc08a7", "source_id": "9b125d70-9a2a-4fd5-9e36-930c18cc08a7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A simple inverter for polarization transformations", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is shown that a transparent birefringent element whose eigenstates are a\npair of elliptical polarizations with principalaxes along the x and y axes,\nsandwiched between a pair of orthogonal halfwave plates with principal axes\nalong directions at 45 deg to the x and y axes, is equivalent to an element\nwith the same eigenstates and eigenvalues but with the fast and the slow\neigenstates interchanged. The device thus produces the inverse of the original\nunitary transformation. A similar result holds for a puredichroic element. With\nelectrically switchable halfwave plates such a device can be used to switch the\nsign of optical activity or to rotate through 90 deg, without any moving parts,\na linear retarder or a linear polarizer.\n" }, { "id": "9008a6b3-e108-4b76-ab7b-c4e08d7d49f9", "adv_source_id": "9008a6b3-e108-4b76-ab7b-c4e08d7d49f9", "source_id": "9008a6b3-e108-4b76-ab7b-c4e08d7d49f9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bona-fide, strong-variable galactic Luminous Blue Variable stars are\n fast rotators: detection of a high rotational velocity in HR Carinae", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report optical observations of the Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) HR Carinae\nwhich show that the star has reached a visual minimum phase in 2009. More\nimportantly, we detected absorptions due to Si IV 4088-4116 Angstroms. To match\ntheir observed line profiles from 2009 May, a high rotational velocity of\nvrot=150 +- 20 km/s is needed (assuming an inclination angle of 30 degrees),\nimplying that HR Car rotates at ~0.88 +- 0.2 of its critical velocity for\nbreak-up (vcrit). Our results suggest that fast rotation is typical in all\nstrong-variable, bona-fide galactic LBVs, which present S Dor-type variability.\nStrong-variable LBVs are located in a well-defined region of the HR diagram\nduring visual minimum (the \"LBV minimum instability strip\"). We suggest this\nregion corresponds to where vcrit is reached. To the left of this strip, a\nforbidden zone with vrot/vcrit>1 is present, explaining why no LBVs are\ndetected in this zone. Since dormant/ex LBVs like P Cygni and HD 168625 have\nlow vrot, we propose that LBVs can be separated in two groups: fast-rotating,\nstrong-variable stars showing S-Dor cycles (such as AG Car and HR Car) and\nslow-rotating stars with much less variability (such as P Cygni and HD 168625).\nWe speculate that SN progenitors which had S-Dor cycles before exploding (such\nas in SN 2001ig, SN 2003bg, and SN 2005gj) could have been fast rotators. We\nsuggest that the potential difficulty of fast-rotating Galactic LBVs to lose\nangular momentum is an additional evidence that such stars could explode during\nthe LBV phase.\n" }, { "id": "d2085c4e-5f23-4460-8a1d-a3fee8dede79", "adv_source_id": "d2085c4e-5f23-4460-8a1d-a3fee8dede79", "source_id": "d2085c4e-5f23-4460-8a1d-a3fee8dede79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observing stellar bow shocks", "prompt": null, "generation": " For stars, the bow shock is typically the boundary between their stellar wind\nand the interstellar medium. Named for the wave made by a ship as it moves\nthrough water, the bow shock wave can be created in the space when two streams\nof gas collide. The space is actually filled with the interstellar medium\nconsisting of tenuous gas and dust. Stars are emitting a flow called stellar\nwind. Stellar wind eventually bumps into the interstellar medium, creating an\ninterface where the physical conditions such as density and pressure change\ndramatically, possibly giving rise to a shock wave. Here we discuss some\nliterature on stellar bow shocks and show observations of some of them,\nenhanced by image processing techniques, in particular by the recently proposed\nAstroFracTool software.\n" }, { "id": "90ceeb42-bc7d-4c62-9e1c-64dafb5ab495", "adv_source_id": "90ceeb42-bc7d-4c62-9e1c-64dafb5ab495", "source_id": "90ceeb42-bc7d-4c62-9e1c-64dafb5ab495", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Image processing challenges in weak gravitational lensing", "prompt": null, "generation": " The field of weak gravitational lensing, which measures the basic properties\nof the Universe by studying the way that light from distant galaxies is\nperturbed as it travels towards us, is a very active field in astronomy. This\nshort article presents a broad overview of the field, including some of the\nimportant questions that cosmologists are trying to address, such as\nunderstanding the nature of dark energy and dark matter. To do this, there is\nan increasing feeling within the weak lensing community that other disciplines,\nsuch as computer science, machine learning, signal processing and image\nprocessing, have the expertise that would bring enormous advantage if\nchannelled into lensing studies. To illustrate this point, the article below\noutlines some of the key steps in a weak lensing analysis chain. The challenges\nare distinct at each step, but each could benefit from ideas developed in the\nsignal processing domain. This article also gives a brief overview of current\nand planned lensing experiments that will soon bring about an influx of data\nsets that are substantially larger than those analysed to date. It is,\ntherefore, inevitable that current techniques are likely to be insufficient,\nthus leading to an exciting era where new methods will become crucial for the\ncontinued success of the field.\n" }, { "id": "61da03c7-244c-47e2-9645-9b8e838c27e8", "adv_source_id": "61da03c7-244c-47e2-9645-9b8e838c27e8", "source_id": "61da03c7-244c-47e2-9645-9b8e838c27e8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Epidemics on random intersection graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we consider a model for the spread of a stochastic SIR\n(Susceptible $\\to$ Infectious $\\to$ Recovered) epidemic on a network of\nindividuals described by a random intersection graph. Individuals belong to a\nrandom number of cliques, each of random size, and infection can be transmitted\nbetween two individuals if and only if there is a clique they both belong to.\nBoth the clique sizes and the number of cliques an individual belongs to follow\nmixed Poisson distributions. An infinite-type branching process approximation\n(with type being given by the length of an individual's infectious period) for\nthe early stages of an epidemic is developed and made fully rigorous by proving\nan associated limit theorem as the population size tends to infinity. This\nleads to a threshold parameter $R_*$, so that in a large population an epidemic\nwith few initial infectives can give rise to a large outbreak if and only if\n$R_*>1$. A functional equation for the survival probability of the\napproximating infinite-type branching process is determined; if $R_*\\le1$, this\nequation has no nonzero solution, while if $R_*>1$, it is shown to have\nprecisely one nonzero solution. A law of large numbers for the size of such a\nlarge outbreak is proved by exploiting a single-type branching process that\napproximates the size of the susceptibility set of a typical individual.\n" }, { "id": "0de311a5-a8f9-40c1-bf0d-a59f15c6ebeb", "adv_source_id": "0de311a5-a8f9-40c1-bf0d-a59f15c6ebeb", "source_id": "0de311a5-a8f9-40c1-bf0d-a59f15c6ebeb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Novel electronic and magnetic properties of BN sheet decorated with\n hydrogen and fluorine", "prompt": null, "generation": " First principles calculations based on density functional theory reveal some\nunusual properties of BN sheet functionalized with hydrogen and fluorine. These\nproperties differ from those of similarly functionalized graphene even though\nboth share the same honeycomb structure. (1) Unlike graphene which undergoes a\nmetal to insulator transition when fully hydrogenated, the band gap of the BN\nsheet significantly narrows when fully saturated with hydrogen. Furthermore,\nthe band gap of the BN sheet can be tuned from 4.7 eV to 0.6 eV and the system\ncan be a direct or an indirect semiconductor or even a half-metal depending\nupon surface coverage. (2) Unlike graphene, BN sheet has hetero-atomic\ncomposition, when co-decorated with H and F, it can lead to anisotropic\nstructures with rich electronic and magnetic properties. (3) Unlike graphene,\nBN sheets can be made ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or magnetically\ndegenerate depending upon how the surface is functionalized. (4) The stability\nof magnetic coupling of functionalized BN sheet can be further modulated by\napplying external strain. Our study highlights the potential of functionalized\nBN sheets for novel applications.\n" }, { "id": "e677cc55-ec86-4d0f-941f-fb0a046199c8", "adv_source_id": "e677cc55-ec86-4d0f-941f-fb0a046199c8", "source_id": "e677cc55-ec86-4d0f-941f-fb0a046199c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Smoking Gun in the Carina Nebula", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Carina Nebula is one of the youngest, most active sites of massive star\nformation in our Galaxy. In this nebula, we have discovered a bright X-ray\nsource that has persisted for ~30 years. The soft X-ray spectrum, consistent\nwith kT ~128 eV blackbody radiation with mild extinction, and no counterpart in\nthe near- and mid-infrared wavelengths indicate that it is a ~1e6-year-old\nneutron star housed in the Carina Nebula. Current star formation theory does\nnot suggest that the progenitor of the neutron star and massive stars in the\nCarina Nebula, in particular Eta Carinae, are coeval. This result suggests that\nthe Carina Nebula experienced at least two major episodes of massive star\nformation. The neutron star may be responsible for remnants of high energy\nactivity seen in multiple wavelengths.\n" }, { "id": "def62f2c-970d-4032-b311-a810c3637075", "adv_source_id": "def62f2c-970d-4032-b311-a810c3637075", "source_id": "def62f2c-970d-4032-b311-a810c3637075", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Support Recovery of Sparse Signals", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the problem of exact support recovery of sparse signals via noisy\nmeasurements. The main focus is the sufficient and necessary conditions on the\nnumber of measurements for support recovery to be reliable. By drawing an\nanalogy between the problem of support recovery and the problem of channel\ncoding over the Gaussian multiple access channel, and exploiting mathematical\ntools developed for the latter problem, we obtain an information theoretic\nframework for analyzing the performance limits of support recovery. Sharp\nsufficient and necessary conditions on the number of measurements in terms of\nthe signal sparsity level and the measurement noise level are derived.\nSpecifically, when the number of nonzero entries is held fixed, the exact\nasymptotics on the number of measurements for support recovery is developed.\nWhen the number of nonzero entries increases in certain manners, we obtain\nsufficient conditions tighter than existing results. In addition, we show that\nthe proposed methodology can deal with a variety of models of sparse signal\nrecovery, hence demonstrating its potential as an effective analytical tool.\n" }, { "id": "2179e13e-389a-4ca0-963c-9c272ef3b3ba", "adv_source_id": "2179e13e-389a-4ca0-963c-9c272ef3b3ba", "source_id": "2179e13e-389a-4ca0-963c-9c272ef3b3ba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An infinitesimal condition to deform a finite morphism to an embedding", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article we give a sufficient condition for a morphism $\\varphi$ from\na smooth variety $X$ to projective space, finite onto a smooth image, to be\ndeformed to an embedding. This result puts some theorems on deformation of\nmorphisms of curves and surfaces such as $K3$ and general type, obtained by ad\nhoc methods, in a new, more conceptual light. One of the main interests of our\nresult is to apply it to the construction of smooth varieties in projective\nspace with given invariants. We illustrate this by using our result to\nconstruct canonically embedded surfaces with $c_1^2=3p_g-7$ and derive some\ninteresting properties of their moduli spaces. Another interesting application\nof our result is the smoothing of ropes. We obtain a sufficient condition for a\nrope embedded in projective space to be smoothable. As a consequence, we prove\nthat canonically embedded carpets satisfying certain conditions can be\nsmoothed. We also give simple, unified proofs of known theorems on the\nsmoothing of $1$--dimensional ropes and $K3$ carpets. Our condition for\ndeforming $\\varphi$ to an embedding can be stated very transparently in terms\nof the cohomology class of a suitable first order infinitesimal deformation of\n$\\varphi$. It holds in a very general setting (any $X$ of arbitrary dimension\nand any $\\varphi$ unobstructed with an algebraic formally semiuniversal\ndeformation). The simplicity of the result can be seen for instance when we\nspecialize it to the case of curves.\n" }, { "id": "f4c56998-68e1-4838-ab98-bd887f70a8f7", "adv_source_id": "f4c56998-68e1-4838-ab98-bd887f70a8f7", "source_id": "f4c56998-68e1-4838-ab98-bd887f70a8f7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Capacity of Less Noisy Cognitive Interference Channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fundamental limits of the cognitive interference channel (CIC) with two pairs\nof transmitter-receiver has been under exploration for several years. In this\npaper, we study the discrete memoryless cognitive interference channel (DM-CIC)\nin which the cognitive transmitter non-causally knows the message of the\nprimary transmitter. The capacity of this channel is not known in general; it\nis only known in some special cases. Inspired by the concept of less noisy\nbroadcast channel (BC), in this work we introduce the notion of less noisy\ncognitive interference channel. Unlike BC, due to the inherent asymmetry of the\ncognitive channel, two different less noisy channels are distinguishable; these\nare named the primary-less-noisy and cognitive-less-noisy channels. We derive\ncapacity region for the latter case, by introducing inner and outer bounds on\nthe capacity of the DM-CIC and showing that these bounds coincide for the\ncognitive-less-noisy channel. Having established the capacity region, we prove\nthat superposition coding is the optimal encoding technique.\n" }, { "id": "b40e23dc-d2f5-4d64-a02d-47882e7b7879", "adv_source_id": "b40e23dc-d2f5-4d64-a02d-47882e7b7879", "source_id": "b40e23dc-d2f5-4d64-a02d-47882e7b7879", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Physics Programme at SuperB", "prompt": null, "generation": " SuperB is a next generation high luminosity $e^+e^-$ collider that will be\nbuilt at the Cabibbo Laboratory, Tor Vergata, in Italy. The physics goals of\nthis experiment are to search for signs of physics beyond the Standard Model\nthrough precision studies of rare or forbidden processes. While the name\nsuggests that $B$ physics is the main goal, this experiment is a Super Flavour\nFactory, and precision measurements of $B_{u,d,s}$, $D$, $\\tau$, $\\Upsilon$,\nand $\\psi(3770)$ decays as well as spectroscopy and exotica searches form part\nof a broad physics programme. In addition to searching for new physics (NP) in\nthe form of heavy particles, or violations of laws of physics, data from SuperB\nwill be able to perform precision tests of the Standard Model. I will briefly\nreview of some highlights of the SuperB physics programme.\n" }, { "id": "4c88a25b-94cb-4ff4-8c37-1495fcbd5d6d", "adv_source_id": "4c88a25b-94cb-4ff4-8c37-1495fcbd5d6d", "source_id": "4c88a25b-94cb-4ff4-8c37-1495fcbd5d6d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A self-normalized approach to confidence interval construction in time\n series", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new method to construct confidence intervals for quantities that\nare associated with a stationary time series, which avoids direct estimation of\nthe asymptotic variances. Unlike the existing tuning-parameter-dependent\napproaches, our method has the attractive convenience of being free of choosing\nany user-chosen number or smoothing parameter. The interval is constructed on\nthe basis of an asymptotically distribution-free self-normalized statistic, in\nwhich the normalizing matrix is computed using recursive estimates. Under mild\nconditions, we establish the theoretical validity of our method for a broad\nclass of statistics that are functionals of the empirical distribution of fixed\nor growing dimension. From a practical point of view, our method is\nconceptually simple, easy to implement and can be readily used by the\npractitioner. Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to compare the finite\nsample performance of the new method with those delivered by the normal\napproximation and the block bootstrap approach.\n" }, { "id": "dc17c84a-1569-4fa6-8218-4664447b31b7", "adv_source_id": "dc17c84a-1569-4fa6-8218-4664447b31b7", "source_id": "dc17c84a-1569-4fa6-8218-4664447b31b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interaction-induced shift of the cyclotron resonance of graphene using\n infrared spectroscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report a study of the cyclotron resonance (CR) transitions to and from the\nunusual $n=0$ Landau level (LL) in monolayer graphene. Unexpectedly, we find\nthe CR transition energy exhibits large (up to 10%) and non-monotonic shifts as\na function of the LL filling factor, with the energy being largest at\nhalf-filling of the $n=0$ level. The magnitude of these shifts, and their\nmagnetic field dependence, suggests that an interaction-enhanced energy gap\nopens in the $n=0$ level at high magnetic fields. Such interaction effects\nnormally have limited impact on the CR due to Kohn's theorem [W. Kohn, Phys.\nRev. {\\bf 123}, 1242 (1961)], which does not apply in graphene as a consequence\nof the underlying linear band structure.\n" }, { "id": "19e0b108-e1c6-40a1-b69d-ec59b82a1eb1", "adv_source_id": "19e0b108-e1c6-40a1-b69d-ec59b82a1eb1", "source_id": "19e0b108-e1c6-40a1-b69d-ec59b82a1eb1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Local Approach for Identifying Clusters in Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Graph clustering is a fundamental problem that has been extensively studied\nboth in theory and practice. The problem has been defined in several ways in\nliterature and most of them have been proven to be NP-Hard. Due to their high\npractical relevancy, several heuristics for graph clustering have been\nintroduced which constitute a central tool for coping with NP-completeness, and\nare used in applications of clustering ranging from computer vision, to data\nanalysis, to learning. There exist many methodologies for this problem, however\nmost of them are global in nature and are unlikely to scale well for very large\nnetworks. In this paper, we propose two scalable local approaches for\nidentifying the clusters in any network. We further extend one of these\napproaches for discovering the overlapping clusters in these networks. Some\nexperimentation results obtained for the proposed approaches are also\npresented.\n" }, { "id": "1537ba74-861f-412f-942c-bd5c06ac0366", "adv_source_id": "1537ba74-861f-412f-942c-bd5c06ac0366", "source_id": "1537ba74-861f-412f-942c-bd5c06ac0366", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Type I X-ray bursts and burst oscillations in the accreting millisecond\n X-ray pulsar IGR J17511-3057", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the discovery of burst oscillations at the spin frequency in ten\nthermonuclear bursts from the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar (AMXP) IGR\nJ17511-3057. The burst oscillation properties are, like those from the\npersistent AMXPs SAX J1808.4-3658 and XTE J1814-338, anomalous compared to\nburst oscillations from intermittent pulsars or non-pulsing LMXBs. Like SAX\nJ1808.4-3658 they show frequency drifts in the rising phase rather than the\ntail. There is also evidence for harmonic content. Where IGR J17511-3057 is\nunusual compared to the other two persistent pulsars is that oscillations are\nnot detected throughout all bursts. As accretion rate drops the bursts get\nbrighter and their rise/decay time scales become shorter, while the oscillation\namplitude falls below the detection threshold: first in the burst peak and then\nalso in the rise. None of the bursts from IGR J17511-3057 show evidence for\nphotospheric radius expansion (which might be expected to suppress oscillation\namplitude) which allow us to set an upper limit to the distance of 6.9 kpc. We\ndiscuss the implications of our results for models of the burst oscillation\nmechanism.\n" }, { "id": "6a1b1c67-c5e0-4475-bb8a-9657d46cf01c", "adv_source_id": "6a1b1c67-c5e0-4475-bb8a-9657d46cf01c", "source_id": "6a1b1c67-c5e0-4475-bb8a-9657d46cf01c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cross-Correlation between Damped Ly-alpha Systems and Ly-break Galaxies\n in Cosmological SPH Simulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We calculate the cross-correlation function (CCF) between damped Ly-a systems\n(DLAs) and Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) using cosmological hydrodynamic\nsimulations at z=3. We compute the CCF with two different methods. First, we\nassume that there is one DLA in each dark matter halo if its DLA cross section\nis non-zero. In our second approach we weight the pair-count by the DLA cross\nsection of each halo, yielding a cross-section-weighted CCF. We also compute\nthe angular CCF for direct comparison with observations. Finally, we calculate\nthe auto-correlation functions of LBGs and DLAs, and their bias against the\ndark matter distribution. For these different approaches, we consistently find\nthat there is good agreement between our simulations and observational\nmeasurements by Cooke et al. and Adelberger et al. Our results thus confirm\nthat the spatial distribution of LBGs and DLAs can be well described within the\nframework of the concordance Lambda CDM model. We find that the correlation\nstrengths of LBGs and DLAs are consistent with the actual observations, and in\nthe case of LBGs it is higher than would be predicted by low-mass galaxy merger\nmodels.\n" }, { "id": "db3a1a35-433b-410f-9f93-710cefa3e137", "adv_source_id": "db3a1a35-433b-410f-9f93-710cefa3e137", "source_id": "db3a1a35-433b-410f-9f93-710cefa3e137", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Realization of the quantum Toffoli gate with trapped ions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Algorithms for quantum information processing are usually decomposed into\nsequences of quantum gate operations, most often realized with single- and two-\nqubit gates[1]. While such operations constitute a universal set for quantum\ncomputation, gates acting on more than two qubits can simplify the\nimplementation of complex quantum algorithms[2]. Thus, a single three-qubit\noperation can replace a complex sequence of two-qubit gates, which in turn\npromises faster execution with potentially higher Fidelity. One important\nthree-qubit operation is the quantum Toffoli gate which performs a NOT\noperation on a target qubit depending on the state of two control qubits. Here\nwe present the first experimental realization of the quantum Toffoli gate in an\nion trap quantum computer. Our implementation is particular effcient as we\ndirectly encode the relevant logic information in the motion of the ion string.\n[1] DiVincenzo, D. P. Two-bit gates are universal for quantum computation.\ncond-mat/9407022, Phys.Rev. A 51, 1015-1022 (1995). [2] Chiaverini, J. et al.\nRealization of quantum error correction. Nature 432, 602-605 (2004).\n" }, { "id": "d9022ad0-6fa7-4121-b4f2-1655d3c8620e", "adv_source_id": "d9022ad0-6fa7-4121-b4f2-1655d3c8620e", "source_id": "d9022ad0-6fa7-4121-b4f2-1655d3c8620e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extrapolating the Evolution of Galaxy Sizes to the Epoch of Reionization", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use data on the high-redshift evolution of the size distribution and\nluminosity function of galaxies to constrain the relationship between their\nstar formation efficiency and starburst lifetime. Based on the derived scaling\nrelations, we predict the angular sizes and average surface brightnesses of\nfaint galaxies that will be discovered with JWST. We find that JWST will be\nable to resolve galaxies at the magnitude limit m<31 out to a redshift of z~14.\nThe next generation of large ground-based telescopes will resolve all galaxies\ndiscovered with JWST, provided they are sufficiently clumpy to enable detection\nabove the bright thermal sky. We combine our constraints with simple models for\nself regulation of star formation, and show that feedback from supernovae at\nredshifts z>3 is likely mediated through momentum transfer, with the starburst\ntimescale set by the lifetime of the massive stars rather than the dynamical\ntime in the host galactic disk.\n" }, { "id": "5e4bfcf3-cba2-4b54-80b4-7ca70e9c372b", "adv_source_id": "5e4bfcf3-cba2-4b54-80b4-7ca70e9c372b", "source_id": "5e4bfcf3-cba2-4b54-80b4-7ca70e9c372b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Distinguished Vacuum State for a Quantum Field in a Curved Spacetime:\n Formalism, Features, and Cosmology", "prompt": null, "generation": " We define a distinguished \"ground state\" or \"vacuum\" for a free scalar\nquantum field in a globally hyperbolic region of an arbitrarily curved\nspacetime. Our prescription is motivated by the recent construction of a\nquantum field theory on a background causal set using only knowledge of the\nretarded Green's function. We generalize that construction to continuum\nspacetimes and find that it yields a distinguished vacuum or ground state for a\nnon-interacting, massive or massless scalar field. This state is defined for\nall compact regions and for many noncompact ones. In a static spacetime we find\nthat our vacuum coincides with the usual ground state. We determine it also for\na radiation-filled, spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmos, and show that\nthe super-horizon correlations are approximately the same as those of a thermal\nstate. Finally, we illustrate the inherent non-locality of our prescription\nwith the example of a spacetime which sandwiches a region with curvature\nin-between flat initial and final regions.\n" }, { "id": "7e6a56d8-4840-44bc-b923-1d5600533aa8", "adv_source_id": "7e6a56d8-4840-44bc-b923-1d5600533aa8", "source_id": "7e6a56d8-4840-44bc-b923-1d5600533aa8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Minimizing the number of lattice points in a translated polygon", "prompt": null, "generation": " The parametric lattice-point counting problem is as follows: Given an integer\nmatrix $A \\in Z^{m \\times n}$, compute an explicit formula parameterized by $b\n\\in R^m$ that determines the number of integer points in the polyhedron $\\{x\n\\in R^n : Ax \\leq b\\}$. In the last decade, this counting problem has received\nconsiderable attention in the literature. Several variants of Barvinok's\nalgorithm have been shown to solve this problem in polynomial time if the\nnumber $n$ of columns of $A$ is fixed.\n Central to our investigation is the following question: Can one also\nefficiently determine a parameter $b$ such that the number of integer points in\n$\\{x \\in R^n : Ax \\leq b\\}$ is minimized? Here, the parameter $b$ can be chosen\nfrom a given polyhedron $Q \\subseteq R^m$.\n Our main result is a proof that finding such a minimizing parameter is\n$NP$-hard, even in dimension 2 and even if the parametrization reflects a\ntranslation of a 2-dimensional convex polygon. This result is established via a\nrelationship of this problem to arithmetic progressions and simultaneous\nDiophantine approximation.\n On the positive side we show that in dimension 2 there exists a polynomial\ntime algorithm for each fixed $k$ that either determines a minimizing\ntranslation or asserts that any translation contains at most $1 + 1/k$ times\nthe minimal number of lattice points.\n" }, { "id": "a681cb22-5816-44bd-84ea-c1dfe2a184b5", "adv_source_id": "a681cb22-5816-44bd-84ea-c1dfe2a184b5", "source_id": "a681cb22-5816-44bd-84ea-c1dfe2a184b5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Multiple time scales hidden in heterogeneous dynamics of glass-forming\n liquids", "prompt": null, "generation": " A multi-time probing of density fluctuations is introduced to investigate\nhidden time scales of heterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming liquids.\nMolecular dynamics simulations for simple glass-forming liquids are performed,\nand a three-time correlation function is numerically calculated for general\ntime intervals. It is demonstrated that the three-time correlation function is\nsensitive to the heterogeneous dynamics and that it reveals couplings of\ncorrelated motions over a wide range of time scales. Furthermore, the time\nscale of the heterogeneous dynamics $\\tau_{\\rm hetero}$ is determined by the\nchange in the second time interval in the three-time correlation function. The\npresent results show that the time scale of the heterogeneous dynamics\n$\\tau_{\\rm hetero}$ becomes larger than the $\\alpha$-relaxation time at low\ntemperatures and large wavelengths. We also find a dynamical scaling relation\nbetween the time scale $\\tau_{\\rm hetero}$ and the length scale $\\xi$ of\ndynamical heterogeneity as $\\tau_{\\rm hetero} \\sim \\xi^{z}$ with $z=3$.\n" }, { "id": "4597f9ff-c2f7-4c9e-9bb8-aad0aa9d8e4b", "adv_source_id": "4597f9ff-c2f7-4c9e-9bb8-aad0aa9d8e4b", "source_id": "4597f9ff-c2f7-4c9e-9bb8-aad0aa9d8e4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Preperiodic points and unlikely intersections", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article, we combine complex-analytic and arithmetic tools to study\nthe preperiodic points of one-dimensional complex dynamical systems. We show\nthat for any fixed complex numbers a and b, and any integer d at least 2, the\nset of complex numbers c for which both a and b are preperiodic for z^d+c is\ninfinite if and only if a^d = b^d. This provides an affirmative answer to a\nquestion of Zannier, which itself arose from questions of Masser concerning\nsimultaneous torsion sections on families of elliptic curves. Using similar\ntechniques, we prove that if two complex rational functions f and g have\ninfinitely many preperiodic points in common, then they must have the same\nJulia set. This generalizes a theorem of Mimar, who established the same result\nassuming that f and g are defined over an algebraic extension of the rationals.\nThe main arithmetic ingredient in the proofs is an adelic equidistribution\ntheorem for preperiodic points over number fields and function fields, with\nnon-archimedean Berkovich spaces playing an essential role.\n" }, { "id": "828f2e79-21dd-4909-9506-f4aa2680e5b6", "adv_source_id": "828f2e79-21dd-4909-9506-f4aa2680e5b6", "source_id": "828f2e79-21dd-4909-9506-f4aa2680e5b6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlinear driven diffusive systems with dissipation: fluctuating\n hydrodynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a general class of nonlinear diffusive models with bulk\ndissipation and boundary driving, and derive its hydrodynamic description in\nthe large size limit. Both the average macroscopic behavior and the fluctuating\nproperties of the hydrodynamic fields are obtained from the microscopic\ndynamics. This analysis yields a fluctuating balance equation for the local\nenergy density at the mesoscopic level, characterized by two terms: (i) a\ndiffusive term, with a current that fluctuates around its average behavior\ngiven by nonlinear Fourier's law, and (ii) a dissipation term which is a\ngeneral function of the local energy density. The quasi-elasticity of\nmicroscopic dynamics, required in order to have a nontrivial competition\nbetween diffusion and dissipation in the macroscopic limit, implies a noiseless\ndissipation term in the balance equation, so dissipation fluctuations are\nenslaved to those of the density field. The microscopic complexity is thus\ncondensed in just three transport coefficients, the diffusivity, the mobility\nand a new dissipation coefficient, which are explicitly calculated within a\nlocal equilibrium approximation. Interestingly, the diffusivity and mobility\ncoefficients obey an Einstein relation despite the fully nonequilibrium\ncharacter of the problem. The general theory here presented is applied to a\nparticular albeit broad family of systems, the simplest nonlinear dissipative\nvariant of the so-called KMP model for heat transport. The theoretical\npredictions are compared to extensive numerical simulations, and an excellent\nagreement is found.\n" }, { "id": "6896a3dc-69f4-4f7f-a1bb-89ed31a6d2e7", "adv_source_id": "6896a3dc-69f4-4f7f-a1bb-89ed31a6d2e7", "source_id": "6896a3dc-69f4-4f7f-a1bb-89ed31a6d2e7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Dip after the Early Emission of Super-Luminous Supernovae: A Signature\n of Shock Breakout within Dense Circumstellar Media", "prompt": null, "generation": " The origin of super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe), especially the source of\ntheir huge luminosities, has not been clarified yet. While a strong interaction\nbetween SN ejecta and dense circumstellar media (CSM) is a leading scenario,\nalternative models have been proposed. In this Letter, we suggest new\ndiagnostics to discriminate the strong SN-CSM interaction scenario from the\nothers: a decline in the luminosity ('dip') before the main peak of the light\ncurve. This dip is an unavoidable consequence of having a dense CSM within\nwhich the shock breakout occurs. If a dense CSM shell is located far at large\nradii from the progenitor inside, it takes time for the SN ejecta to reach it\nand the early light curve can be powered by the SN ejecta before the collision.\nOnce the SN ejecta collides with the dense CSM, the electron density and thus\nthe Thomson scattering opacity suddenly increase. Photons become unable to go\nout of the shock even if there is a source of emission inside, which results in\nthe dip in the light curve. This dip is a solid prediction from the strong\ninteraction scenario irrespective of a power source for the early emission.\nEventually the forward shock breaks out from within the dense CSM, and the\nluminosity increases by the continuous strong SN-CSM interaction, resulting in\nan SLSN. The possible dip observed in the hydrogen-poor SLSN, 2006oz, could be\nthe first example of this signature and give support to the SN-CSM interaction\nas the power source of SLSN 2006oz.\n" }, { "id": "b88a3c42-96c3-409d-a2f3-8fafd6e85eac", "adv_source_id": "b88a3c42-96c3-409d-a2f3-8fafd6e85eac", "source_id": "b88a3c42-96c3-409d-a2f3-8fafd6e85eac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cohomological gauge theory, quiver matrix models and Donaldson-Thomas\n theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the relation between Donaldson-Thomas theory of Calabi-Yau\nthreefolds and a six-dimensional topological Yang-Mills theory. Our main\nexample is the topological U(N) gauge theory on flat space in its Coulomb\nbranch. To evaluate its partition function we use equivariant localization\ntechniques on its noncommutative deformation. As a result the gauge theory\nlocalizes on noncommutative instantons which can be classified in terms of\nN-coloured three-dimensional Young diagrams. We give to these noncommutative\ninstantons a geometrical description in terms of certain stable framed coherent\nsheaves on projective space by using a higher-dimensional generalization of the\nADHM formalism. From this formalism we construct a topological matrix quantum\nmechanics which computes an index of BPS states and provides an alternative\napproach to the six-dimensional gauge theory.\n" }, { "id": "c2efa55d-03b2-442b-b84e-1469048fc798", "adv_source_id": "c2efa55d-03b2-442b-b84e-1469048fc798", "source_id": "c2efa55d-03b2-442b-b84e-1469048fc798", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rydberg atom mediated polar molecule interactions: a tool for\n molecular-state conditional quantum gates and individual addressability", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the possibility to use interaction between a polar molecule in the\nground electronic and vibrational state and a Rydberg atom to construct\ntwo-qubit gates between molecular qubits and to coherently control molecular\nstates. A polar molecule within the electron orbit in a Rydberg atom can either\nshift the Rydberg state, or form Rydberg molecule. Both the atomic shift and\nthe Rydberg molecule states depend on the initial internal state of the polar\nmolecule, resulting in molecular state dependent van der Waals or dipole-dipole\ninteraction between Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms mediated interaction between\npolar molecules can be enhanced up to $10^{3}$ times. We describe how the\ncoupling between a polar molecule and a Rydberg atom can be applied to coherent\ncontrol of molecular states, specifically, to individual addressing of\nmolecules in an optical lattice and non-destructive readout of molecular\nqubits.\n" }, { "id": "4f849aa7-7238-44b8-a331-3439102169a9", "adv_source_id": "4f849aa7-7238-44b8-a331-3439102169a9", "source_id": "4f849aa7-7238-44b8-a331-3439102169a9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Modification of the Elite Ant System in Order to Avoid Local Optimum\n Points in the Traveling Salesman Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " This article presents a new algorithm which is a modified version of the\nelite ant system (EAS) algorithm. The new version utilizes an effective\ncriterion for escaping from the local optimum points. In contrast to the\nclassical EAC algorithms, the proposed algorithm uses only a global updating,\nwhich will increase pheromone on the edges of the best (i.e. the shortest)\nroute and will at the same time decrease the amount of pheromone on the edges\nof the worst (i.e. the longest) route. In order to assess the efficiency of the\nnew algorithm, some standard traveling salesman problems (TSPs) were studied\nand their results were compared with classical EAC and other well-known\nmeta-heuristic algorithms. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm has\nbeen able to improve the efficiency of the algorithms in all instances and it\nis competitive with other algorithms.\n" }, { "id": "692c52dd-61cb-48c0-b7e2-586f2cf40477", "adv_source_id": "692c52dd-61cb-48c0-b7e2-586f2cf40477", "source_id": "692c52dd-61cb-48c0-b7e2-586f2cf40477", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum algorithms for search with wildcards and combinatorial group\n testing", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider two combinatorial problems. The first we call \"search with\nwildcards\": given an unknown n-bit string x, and the ability to check whether\nany subset of the bits of x is equal to a provided query string, the goal is to\noutput x. We give a nearly optimal O(sqrt(n) log n) quantum query algorithm for\nsearch with wildcards, beating the classical lower bound of Omega(n) queries.\nRather than using amplitude amplification or a quantum walk, our algorithm is\nultimately based on the solution to a state discrimination problem. The second\nproblem we consider is combinatorial group testing, which is the task of\nidentifying a subset of at most k special items out of a set of n items, given\nthe ability to make queries of the form \"does the set S contain any special\nitems?\" for any subset S of the n items. We give a simple quantum algorithm\nwhich uses O(k log k) queries to solve this problem, as compared with the\nclassical lower bound of Omega(k log(n/k)) queries.\n" }, { "id": "b2b7d33b-99b5-4138-a77b-29606a80e1c7", "adv_source_id": "b2b7d33b-99b5-4138-a77b-29606a80e1c7", "source_id": "b2b7d33b-99b5-4138-a77b-29606a80e1c7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Oblivious Algorithms for the Maximum Directed Cut Problem", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper introduces a special family of randomized algorithms for Max DICUT\nthat we call oblivious algorithms. Let the bias of a vertex be the ratio\nbetween the total weight of its outgoing edges and the total weight of all its\nedges. An oblivious algorithm selects at random in which side of the cut to\nplace a vertex v, with probability that only depends on the bias of v,\nindependently of other vertices. The reader may observe that the algorithm that\nignores the bias and chooses each side with probability 1/2 has an\napproximation ratio of 1/4, whereas no oblivious algorithm can have an\napproximation ratio better than 1/2 (with an even directed cycle serving as a\nnegative example). We attempt to characterize the best approximation ratio\nachievable by oblivious algorithms, and present results that are nearly tight.\nThe paper also discusses natural extensions of the notion of oblivious\nalgorithms, and extensions to the more general problem of Max 2-AND.\n" }, { "id": "c0165027-9a70-4087-a990-ee72b68e1a2d", "adv_source_id": "c0165027-9a70-4087-a990-ee72b68e1a2d", "source_id": "c0165027-9a70-4087-a990-ee72b68e1a2d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the construction of pseudo-hermitian quantum system with a\n pre-determined metric in the Hilbert space", "prompt": null, "generation": " A class of pseudo-hermitian quantum system with an explicit form of the\npositive-definite metric in the Hilbert space is presented. The general method\ninvolves a realization of the basic canonical commutation relations defining\nthe quantum system in terms of operators those are hermitian with respect to a\npre-determined positive definite metric in the Hilbert space. Appropriate\ncombinations of these operators result in a large number of pseudo-hermitian\nquantum systems admitting entirely real spectra and unitary time evolution. The\nexamples considered include simple harmonic oscillators with complex angular\nfrequencies, Stark(Zeeman) effect with complex electric(magnetic) field,\nnon-hermitian general quadratic form of N boson(fermion) operators, symmetric\nand asymmetric XXZ spin-chain in complex magnetic field, non-hermitian\nHaldane-Shastry spin-chain and Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model.\n" }, { "id": "3b4d7af7-a4f8-45db-812a-33e662cd8cd5", "adv_source_id": "3b4d7af7-a4f8-45db-812a-33e662cd8cd5", "source_id": "3b4d7af7-a4f8-45db-812a-33e662cd8cd5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Warkworth 12-m VLBI Station: WARK12M", "prompt": null, "generation": " This report summarizes the geodetic VLBI activities in New Zealand in 2010.\nIt provides geographical and technical details of WARK12M - the new IVS network\nstation operated by the Institute for Radio Astronomy and Space Research\n(IRASR) of Auckland University of Technology (AUT). The details of the VLBI\nsystem installed in the station are outlined along with those of the collocated\nGNSS station. We report on the status of broadband connectivity and on the\nresults of testing data transfer protocols; we investigate UDP protocols such\nas 'tsunami' and UDT and demonstrate that the UDT protocol is more efficient\nthan 'tsunami' and 'ftp'. In general, the WARK12M IVS network station is fully\nequipped, connected and tested to start participating in regular IVS\nobservational sessions from the beginning of 2011.\n" }, { "id": "843da541-32c6-405a-83ac-4c5fb20c306a", "adv_source_id": "843da541-32c6-405a-83ac-4c5fb20c306a", "source_id": "843da541-32c6-405a-83ac-4c5fb20c306a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "In-plane electronic anisotropy of underdoped \"122\" Fe-arsenide\n superconductors revealed by measurements of detwinned single crystals", "prompt": null, "generation": " The parent phases of the Fe-arsenide superconductors harbor an\nantiferromagnetic ground state. Significantly, the N\\'eel transition is either\npreceded or accompanied by a structural transition that breaks the four fold\nsymmetry of the high-temperature lattice. Borrowing language from the field of\nsoft condensed matter physics, this broken discrete rotational symmetry is\nwidely referred to as an Ising nematic phase transition. Understanding the\norigin of this effect is a key component of a complete theoretical description\nof the occurrence of superconductivity in this family of compounds, motivating\nboth theoretical and experimental investigation of the nematic transition and\nthe associated in-plane anisotropy. Here we review recent experimental progress\nin determining the intrinsic in-plane electronic anisotropy as revealed by\nresistivity, reflectivity and ARPES measurements of detwinned single crystals\nof underdoped Fe arsenide superconductors in the \"122\" family of compounds.\n" }, { "id": "fd3c14d4-d37c-4c3b-8c9d-5f2fbae522a2", "adv_source_id": "fd3c14d4-d37c-4c3b-8c9d-5f2fbae522a2", "source_id": "fd3c14d4-d37c-4c3b-8c9d-5f2fbae522a2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Study of the Effect of Molecular and Aerosol Conditions in the\n Atmosphere on Air Fluorescence Measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory", "prompt": null, "generation": " The air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to\nperform calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by cosmic\nrays of above 10^18 eV. To correct these measurements for the effects\nintroduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group of\nmonitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector\nsite, an area exceeding 3,000 km^2. The atmospheric data are used extensively\nin the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the\ncorrect determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This\npaper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at\nthe Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and\nincludes a discussion of the impact of these measurements on air shower\nreconstructions. Between 10^18 and 10^20 eV, the systematic uncertainties due\nto all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower\nenergy, and 4 g/cm^2 to 8 g/cm^2 in measurements of the shower maximum.\n" }, { "id": "bee8dfb8-966e-4eb9-90a3-a489d952021b", "adv_source_id": "bee8dfb8-966e-4eb9-90a3-a489d952021b", "source_id": "bee8dfb8-966e-4eb9-90a3-a489d952021b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stability switching at transcritical bifurcations of solitary waves in\n generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Linear stability of solitary waves near transcritical bifurcations is\nanalyzed for the generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equations with arbitrary\nforms of nonlinearity and external potentials in arbitrary spatial dimensions.\nBifurcation of linear-stability eigenvalues associated with this transcritical\nbifurcation is analytically calculated. Based on this eigenvalue bifurcation,\nit is shown that both solution branches undergo stability switching at the\ntranscritical bifurcation point. In addition, the two solution branches have\nopposite linear stability. These stability properties closely resemble those\nfor transcritical bifurcations in finite-dimensional dynamical systems. This\nresemblance for transcritical bifurcations contrasts those for saddle-node and\npitchfork bifurcations, where stability properties in the generalized nonlinear\nSchroedinger equations differ significantly from those in finite-dimensional\ndynamical systems. The analytical results are also compared with numerical\nresults, and good agreement is obtained.\n" }, { "id": "7a7be58a-5723-4aa6-a916-455e664c14d0", "adv_source_id": "7a7be58a-5723-4aa6-a916-455e664c14d0", "source_id": "7a7be58a-5723-4aa6-a916-455e664c14d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Features of holographic dark energy under the combined cosmological\n constraints", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the observational signatures of the holographic dark energy\nmodels in this paper, including both the original model and a model with an\ninteraction term between the dark energy and dark matter. We first delineate\nthe dynamical behavior of such models, especially whether they would have \"Big\nRip\" for different parameters, then we use several recent observations,\nincluding 182 high-quality type Ia supernovae data observed with the Hubble\nSpace Telescope, the SNLS and ESSENCE surveys, 42 latest Chandra X-ray cluster\ngas mass fraction, 27 high-redshift gamma-ray burst samples, the baryon\nacoustic oscillation measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the CMB\nshift parameter from WMAP three years result to give more reliable and tighter\nconstraints on the holographic dark energy models. The results of our\nconstraints for the holographic dark energy model without interaction is\n$c=0.748^{+0.108}_{-0.009}$, $\\Omega_{\\mathrm{m0}}=0.276^{+0.017}_{-0.016}$,\nand for model with interaction ($c=0.692^{+0.135}_{-0.107}$,\n$\\Omega_{\\mathrm{m0}}=0.281^{+0.017}_{-0.017}$ ,$\\alpha=-0.006\n^{+0.021}_{-0.024}$, where $\\alpha$ is an interacting parameter). As these\nmodels have more parameters than the $\\Lambda$CDM model, we use the Bayesian\nevidence as a model selection criterion to make comparison. We found that the\nholographic dark energy models are mildly favored by the observations compared\nwith the $\\mathrm{\\Lambda CDM}$ model.\n" }, { "id": "69391850-1847-4b1f-98d9-8fdcb4032d50", "adv_source_id": "69391850-1847-4b1f-98d9-8fdcb4032d50", "source_id": "69391850-1847-4b1f-98d9-8fdcb4032d50", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Toward optimal multistep forecasts in non-stationary autoregressions", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper investigates multistep prediction errors for non-stationary\nautoregressive processes with both model order and true parameters unknown. We\ngive asymptotic expressions for the multistep mean squared prediction errors\nand accumulated prediction errors of two important methods, plug-in and direct\nprediction. These expressions not only characterize how the prediction errors\nare influenced by the model orders, prediction methods, values of parameters\nand unit roots, but also inspire us to construct some new predictor selection\ncriteria that can ultimately choose the best combination of the model order and\nprediction method with probability 1. Finally, simulation analysis confirms the\nsatisfactory finite sample performance of the newly proposed criteria.\n" }, { "id": "008bc04c-54ba-4a93-8b87-8286488235a3", "adv_source_id": "008bc04c-54ba-4a93-8b87-8286488235a3", "source_id": "008bc04c-54ba-4a93-8b87-8286488235a3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Casimir effect in a superconducting cavity and the thermal controversy", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the most important and still unresolved problems in the field of\ndispersion forces, is that of determining the influence of temperature on the\nCasimir force between two metallic plates. While alternative theoretical\napproaches lead to contradictory predictions for the magnitude of the effect,\nno experiment has yet detected the thermal correction to the Casimir force. In\nthis paper we show that a superconducting cavity provides a new opportunity to\ninvestigate the problem of the thermal dependence of the Casimir force in real\nmaterials, by looking at the change of the Casimir force determined by a small\nchange of temperature. The actual feasibility of the proposed scheme is briefly\ndiscussed.\n" }, { "id": "7b9ad311-ed2e-49bd-80dd-645b00d3b32a", "adv_source_id": "7b9ad311-ed2e-49bd-80dd-645b00d3b32a", "source_id": "7b9ad311-ed2e-49bd-80dd-645b00d3b32a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stability of coreless vortices in ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein\n condensates", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the energetic and dynamic stability of coreless vortices in\nnonrotated spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates, trapped with a three-dimensional\noptical potential and a Ioffe-Pritchard field. The stability of stationary\nvortex states is investigated by solving the corresponding Bogoliubov\nequations. We show that the quasiparticle excitations corresponding to\naxisymmetric stationary states can be taken to be eigenstates of angular\nmomentum in the axial direction. Our results show that coreless vortex states\ncan occur as local or global minima of the condensate energy or become\nenergetically or dynamically unstable depending on the parameters of the\nIoffe-Pritchard field. The experimentally most relevant coreless vortex state\ncontaining a doubly quantized vortex in one of the hyperfine spin components\nturned out to have very non-trivial stability regions, and especially a\nquasiperiodic dynamic instability region which corresponds to splitting of the\ndoubly quantized vortex.\n" }, { "id": "2f73abeb-6551-497d-81ea-b8fe15729687", "adv_source_id": "2f73abeb-6551-497d-81ea-b8fe15729687", "source_id": "2f73abeb-6551-497d-81ea-b8fe15729687", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The cosmological constant as a manifestation of the conformal anomaly?", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle may\ncome from the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity, where the\nimpact of the trace anomaly is of upmost relevance. We proceed by introducing\ntwo auxiliary fields, which are capable of describing a diversity of quantum\nstates via specification of their macroscopic (IR) boundary conditions, in\ncontrast to ultraviolet quantum effects. Our investigation aims at finding a\nrealistic cosmological solution which interprets the observed cosmological\nconstant as a well defined deficit in the zero point energy density of the\nUniverse. The energy density arises from a phase transition, which alters the\nproperties of the quantum ground state. We explicitly formulate low energy\ngravity as an effective field theory with a precise definition of the \"point of\nnormalization\" as the point at which the \"renormalized cosmological constant\"\nis set to zero in the Minkowski vacuum, in which the Einstein equations are\nautomatically satisfied as the Ricci tensor identically vanishes. With this\ndefinition the effective QFT of gravity has a predictive power. In particular,\nit must predict the evolution of the system in any nontrivial geometry,\nincluding the vacuum energy behaviour as a function of infrared, rather than\nultraviolet, input parameters.\n" }, { "id": "6163f235-6ca8-4dfc-9ccd-0118aea42a63", "adv_source_id": "6163f235-6ca8-4dfc-9ccd-0118aea42a63", "source_id": "6163f235-6ca8-4dfc-9ccd-0118aea42a63", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Syntactic Complexity of Finite/Cofinite, Definite, and Reverse Definite\n Languages", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the syntactic complexity of finite/cofinite, definite and reverse\ndefinite languages. The syntactic complexity of a class of languages is defined\nas the maximal size of syntactic semigroups of languages from the class, taken\nas a function of the state complexity n of the languages. We prove that (n-1)!\nis a tight upper bound for finite/cofinite languages and that it can be reached\nonly if the alphabet size is greater than or equal to (n-1)!-(n-2)!. We prove\nthat the bound is also (n-1)! for reverse definite languages, but the minimal\nalphabet size is (n-1)!-2(n-2)!. We show that \\lfloor e\\cdot (n-1)!\\rfloor is a\nlower bound on the syntactic complexity of definite languages, and conjecture\nthat this is also an upper bound, and that the alphabet size required to meet\nthis bound is \\floor{e \\cdot (n-1)!} - \\floor{e \\cdot (n-2)!}. We prove the\nconjecture for n\\le 4.\n" }, { "id": "f233e17e-0f31-4a3e-bf7a-946fe4e181bb", "adv_source_id": "f233e17e-0f31-4a3e-bf7a-946fe4e181bb", "source_id": "f233e17e-0f31-4a3e-bf7a-946fe4e181bb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A hierarchy of topological tensor network states", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a hierarchy of quantum many-body states among which many examples\nof topological order can be identified by construction. We define these states\nin terms of a general, basis-independent framework of tensor networks based on\nthe algebraic setting of finite-dimensional Hopf C*-algebras. At the top of the\nhierarchy we identify ground states of new topological lattice models extending\nKitaev's quantum double models [26]. For these states we exhibit the mechanism\nresponsible for their non-zero topological entanglement entropy by constructing\na renormalization group flow. Furthermore it is shown that those states of the\nhierarchy associated with Kitaev's original quantum double models are related\nto each other by the condensation of topological charges. We conjecture that\ncharge condensation is the physical mechanism underlying the hierarchy in\ngeneral.\n" }, { "id": "d2b7d699-5424-455d-9fb4-5e34281a8138", "adv_source_id": "d2b7d699-5424-455d-9fb4-5e34281a8138", "source_id": "d2b7d699-5424-455d-9fb4-5e34281a8138", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Uniqueness of Herndon's Georeactor: Energy Source and Production\n Mechanism for Earth's Magnetic Field", "prompt": null, "generation": " Herndon's georeactor at the center of Earth is immune to meltdown, which is\nnot the case for recently published copy-cat georeactors, which would\nnecessarily be subject to hot nuclear fuel, prevailing high temperature\nenvironments, and high confining pressures. Herndon's georeactor uniquely is\nexpected to be self-regulating through establishing a balance between heat\nproduction and actinide settling out. The seventy year old idea of convection\nin the Earth's fluid core is refuted because thermal expansion cannot overcome\nthe 23 percent higher density at the core's bottom than at its top. The\ndimensionless Rayleigh Number is an inappropriate indicator of convection in\nthe Earth's core and mantle as a consequence of the assumptions under which it\nwas derived. Implications bearing on the origin of the geomagnetic field, the\nphysical impossibility of mantle convection, and the concomitant refutation of\nplate tectonics theory are briefly described.\n" }, { "id": "eb39763b-5829-4efe-ad78-6dbb25bf94d6", "adv_source_id": "eb39763b-5829-4efe-ad78-6dbb25bf94d6", "source_id": "eb39763b-5829-4efe-ad78-6dbb25bf94d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A reconstruction algorithm for single-particle diffraction imaging\n experiments", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce the EMC algorithm for reconstructing a particle's 3D diffraction\nintensity from very many photon shot-noise limited 2D measurements, when the\nparticle orientation in each measurement is unknown. The algorithm combines a\nmaximization step (M) of the intensity's likelihood function, with expansion\n(E) and compression (C) steps that map the 3D intensity model to a redundant\ntomographic representation and back again. After a few iterations of the EMC\nupdate rule, the reconstructed intensity is given to the difference-map\nalgorithm for reconstruction of the particle contrast. We demonstrate\nreconstructions with simulated data and investigate the effects of particle\ncomplexity, number of measurements, and the number of photons per measurement.\nThe relatively transparent scaling behavior of our algorithm provides a first\nestimate of the data processing resources required for future single-particle\nimaging experiments.\n" }, { "id": "0ed44420-26d2-4c38-9b82-37445a71325c", "adv_source_id": "0ed44420-26d2-4c38-9b82-37445a71325c", "source_id": "0ed44420-26d2-4c38-9b82-37445a71325c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Charge transport through weakly open one dimensional quantum wires", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider resonant transmission through a finite-length quantum wire\nconnected to leads via finite transparency junctions. The coherent electron\ntransport is strongly modified by the Coulomb interaction. The low-temperature\ncurrent-voltage ($IV$) curves show step-like dependence on the bias voltage\ndetermined by the distance between the quantum levels inside the conductor, the\npattern being dependent on the ratio between the charging energy and level\nspacing. If the system is tuned close to the resonance condition by the gate\nvoltage, the low-voltage $IV$ curve is Ohmic. At large Coulomb energy and low\ntemperatures, the conductance is temperature-independent for any relationship\nbetween temperature, level spacing, and coupling between the wire and the\nleads.\n" }, { "id": "5dd29aab-a03d-450a-b945-1b6acfcbb4c1", "adv_source_id": "5dd29aab-a03d-450a-b945-1b6acfcbb4c1", "source_id": "5dd29aab-a03d-450a-b945-1b6acfcbb4c1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orbifold GUT inflation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a scenario of cosmological inflation coming from a grand unified\ntheory in higher dimensional orbifold. Flatness of the potential is\nautomatically guaranteed in this orbifold setup thanks to the nonlocality of\nthe Wilson line on higher dimensions and the local quantum gravitational\ncorrections are exponentially suppressed. The spectral index of scalar\nperturbation (n_s =0.92 - 0.97) and a significant production of gravitational\nwaves are predicted (r= T/S= 0.01 - 0.12) in the perturbative regime of gauge\ninteraction, (1/g_4 = (5-20) X 2 pi R Mpl) where the size of compactification\nis constrained (R Mpl = 20- 45) by the measurement of scalar power spectrum\n(Delta_R = 5 X 10^-5).\n" }, { "id": "2369f621-ea5c-48db-aee9-59470759625a", "adv_source_id": "2369f621-ea5c-48db-aee9-59470759625a", "source_id": "2369f621-ea5c-48db-aee9-59470759625a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rotating Radio Transients and Their Place Among Pulsars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Six years ago, the discovery of Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs) marked what\nappeared to be a new type of sparsely-emitting pulsar. Since 2006, more than 70\nof these objects have been discovered in single-pulse searches of archival and\nnew surveys. With a continual inflow of new information about the RRAT\npopulation in the form of new discoveries, multi-frequency follow-ups, coherent\ntiming solutions, and pulse rate statistics, a view is beginning to form of the\nplace in the pulsar population RRATs hold. Here we review the properties of\nneutron stars discovered through single pulse searches. We first seek to\nclarify the definition of the term RRAT, emphasising that \"the RRAT population\"\nencompasses several phenomenologies. A large subset of RRATs appear to\nrepresent the tail of an extended distribution of pulsar nulling fractions and\nactivity cycles; these objects present several key open questions remaining in\nthis field.\n" }, { "id": "25b14333-22ae-441e-a0b2-1e4ea370c14b", "adv_source_id": "25b14333-22ae-441e-a0b2-1e4ea370c14b", "source_id": "25b14333-22ae-441e-a0b2-1e4ea370c14b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Formation of caustics in Dirac-Born-Infeld type scalar field systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the formation of caustics in Dirac-Born-Infeld type scalar\nfield systems for generic classes of potentials, viz., massive rolling scalar\nwith potential, $V(\\phi)=V_0e^{\\pm \\frac{1}{2} M^2 \\phi^2}$ and inverse\npower-law potentials with $V(\\phi)=V_0/\\phi^n,~0\\dim_{H}(\\Lr(\\F_d,\\Phi))/2$, which extends results by\nFalk and Stratmann and by Roblin.\n" }, { "id": "8d6bab8d-f950-4dc4-a8c7-9407438949ec", "adv_source_id": "8d6bab8d-f950-4dc4-a8c7-9407438949ec", "source_id": "8d6bab8d-f950-4dc4-a8c7-9407438949ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chinese Restaurant Game - Part II: Applications to Wireless Networking,\n Cloud Computing, and Online Social Networking", "prompt": null, "generation": " In Part I of this two-part paper [1], we proposed a new game, called Chinese\nrestaurant game, to analyze the social learning problem with negative network\nexternality. The best responses of agents in the Chinese restaurant game with\nimperfect signals are constructed through a recursive method, and the influence\nof both learning and network externality on the utilities of agents is studied.\nIn Part II of this two-part paper, we illustrate three applications of Chinese\nrestaurant game in wireless networking, cloud computing, and online social\nnetworking. For each application, we formulate the corresponding problem as a\nChinese restaurant game and analyze how agents learn and make strategic\ndecisions in the problem. The proposed method is compared with four\ncommon-sense methods in terms of agents' utilities and the overall system\nperformance through simulations. We find that the proposed Chinese restaurant\ngame theoretic approach indeed helps agents make better decisions and improves\nthe overall system performance. Furthermore, agents with different decision\norders have different advantages in terms of their utilities, which also\nverifies the conclusions drawn in Part I of this two-part paper.\n" }, { "id": "69416fca-1bd0-49b2-8b47-54753027dd4f", "adv_source_id": "69416fca-1bd0-49b2-8b47-54753027dd4f", "source_id": "69416fca-1bd0-49b2-8b47-54753027dd4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Compressed Beamforming in Ultrasound Imaging", "prompt": null, "generation": " Emerging sonography techniques often require increasing the number of\ntransducer elements involved in the imaging process. Consequently, larger\namounts of data must be acquired and processed. The significant growth in the\namounts of data affects both machinery size and power consumption. Within the\nclassical sampling framework, state of the art systems reduce processing rates\nby exploiting the bandpass bandwidth of the detected signals. It has been\nrecently shown, that a much more significant sample-rate reduction may be\nobtained, by treating ultrasound signals within the Finite Rate of Innovation\nframework. These ideas follow the spirit of Xampling, which combines classic\nmethods from sampling theory with recent developments in Compressed Sensing.\nApplying such low-rate sampling schemes to individual transducer elements,\nwhich detect energy reflected from biological tissues, is limited by the noisy\nnature of the signals. This often results in erroneous parameter extraction,\nbringing forward the need to enhance the SNR of the low-rate samples. In our\nwork, we achieve SNR enhancement, by beamforming the sub-Nyquist samples\nobtained from multiple elements. We refer to this process as \"compressed\nbeamforming\". Applying it to cardiac ultrasound data, we successfully image\nmacroscopic perturbations, while achieving a nearly eight-fold reduction in\nsample-rate, compared to standard techniques.\n" }, { "id": "ca04886e-b003-4615-ba5c-7d5b1ebe688d", "adv_source_id": "ca04886e-b003-4615-ba5c-7d5b1ebe688d", "source_id": "ca04886e-b003-4615-ba5c-7d5b1ebe688d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Physics with Nuclei at an Electron Ion Collider", "prompt": null, "generation": " Lepto-nuclear colliders offer unique experimental opportunities to probe QCD\nin an extended medium. Of the many possibilities, three experiments are\ndescribed here that are clearly feasible and of high scientific importance.\nFirst, a direct measurement of the saturation scale is possible using the\nbroadening of the transverse momentum distribution of hadrons produced in\nsemi-inclusive DIS. This connection to saturation physics will provide a\nquantitative measure of the degree to which this fundamental QCD phenomenon is\noccurring, and has important consequences in other high-energy scattering\nstudies. Second, the measurement of quark energy loss is feasible, either as a\ndirect measurement at a lower-energy EIC, or as an indirect measurement using\nhadron attenuation at higher energies. Such a measurement will offer the first\nexperimental validation of the energy independence of this process, which is a\nconsequence of the QCD analog of the LPM effect in QED. The third experiment is\nto determine the mechanisms of hadronization using the nucleus as a spatial\nanalyzer, intercomparing hadron attenuation for nuclei of a range of sizes. The\nextended reach of the EIC in energy will allow probes of these mechanisms in\nthe crucial high-z region for the heaviest nuclei, and will permit study of\nhadronization in heavy quark meson and baryon systems.\n" }, { "id": "1b6589d5-89c4-479d-9ae6-b81ddb27ff3f", "adv_source_id": "1b6589d5-89c4-479d-9ae6-b81ddb27ff3f", "source_id": "1b6589d5-89c4-479d-9ae6-b81ddb27ff3f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Instantons on Special Holonomy Manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider cones over manifolds admitting real Killing spinors and instanton\nequations on connections on vector bundles over these manifolds. Such cones are\nmanifolds with special (reduced) holonomy. We generalize the scalar ansatz for\na connection proposed by Harland and Nolle in such a way that instantons are\nparameterized by constrained matrix-valued functions. Our ansatz reduces\ninstanton equations to a matrix model equations which can be further reduced to\nNewtonian mechanics with particle trajectories obeying first-order gradient\nflow equations. Generalizations to Kaehler-Einstein manifolds and resolved\nCalabi-Yau cones are briefly discussed. Our construction allows one to\nassociate quiver gauge theories with special holonomy manifolds.\n" }, { "id": "ed5af1fd-a575-444b-94bc-1d99c5fe7aa4", "adv_source_id": "ed5af1fd-a575-444b-94bc-1d99c5fe7aa4", "source_id": "ed5af1fd-a575-444b-94bc-1d99c5fe7aa4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Radiative corrections to the m(oving)NRQCD action and heavy-light\n operators", "prompt": null, "generation": " Rare decays of B mesons, such as B \\to K^*\\gamma and B\\to K^{(*)}\\ell^+\\ell^-\nare loop suppressed in the Standard Model and sensitive to new physics. The\nfinal state meson in heavy-light decays at large recoil has sizeable momentum\nin the rest frame of the decaying meson. To reduce the resulting discretization\nerrors we formulate the nonrelativistic heavy quark action in a moving frame.\nWe discuss the perturbative renormalization of the leading order heavy-light\noperators in the resulting theory which is known as m(oving)NRQCD.\n We also present radiative corrections to the NRQCD action computed using\nautomated lattice perturbation theory. By combining this technique with\nhigh-beta simulations in the weak coupling regime of the theory higher order\nloop corrections can be calculated very efficiently.\n" }, { "id": "26d0046a-4a28-4884-b32e-a1364e12f97b", "adv_source_id": "26d0046a-4a28-4884-b32e-a1364e12f97b", "source_id": "26d0046a-4a28-4884-b32e-a1364e12f97b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Nature of Running Penumbral Waves Revealed", "prompt": null, "generation": " We seek to clarify the nature of running penumbral (RP) waves: are they\nchromospheric trans-sunspot waves or a visual pattern of upward-propagating\nwaves? Full Stokes spectropolarimetric time series of the photospheric Si I\n10827 \\AA line and the chromospheric He I 10830 \\AA multiplet were inverted\nusing a Milne-Eddington atmosphere. Spatial pixels were paired between the\nouter umbral/inner penumbral photosphere and the penumbral chromosphere using\ninclinations retrieved by the inversion and the dual-height pairings of\nline-of-sight velocity time series were studied for signatures of wave\npropagation using a Fourier phase difference analysis. The dispersion relation\nfor radiatively cooling acoustic waves, modified to incorporate an inclined\npropagation direction, fits well the observed phase differences between the\npairs of photospheric and chromospheric pixels. We have thus demonstrated that\nRP waves are in effect low-beta slow-mode waves propagating along the magnetic\nfield.\n" }, { "id": "99306d70-fae7-4436-a8b0-a3b199b0974a", "adv_source_id": "99306d70-fae7-4436-a8b0-a3b199b0974a", "source_id": "99306d70-fae7-4436-a8b0-a3b199b0974a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Incoherent Soliton Excitations and Spin-Charge Separation in Blue Bronze", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present new high resolution angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) data for\nK$_{0.3}$MoO$_3$ (blue bronze) and propose a novel theoretical description of\nthese results. The observed Fermi surface, with two quasi-one-dimensional\nsheets, is consistent with a ladder material with a weak inter-ladder coupling.\nHence, we base our description on spectral properties of one-dimensional\nladders. The marked broadening of the ARPES lineshape, a significant fraction\nof an eV, is interpreted in terms of spin-charge separation. A high energy\nfeature, which is revealed for the first time in the spectra near the Fermi\nmomentum thanks to improved energy resolution, is seen as a signature of a\nhigher energy bound state of soliton excitations on a ladder.\n" }, { "id": "ed652b46-541d-4ebb-abf0-6262456691a1", "adv_source_id": "ed652b46-541d-4ebb-abf0-6262456691a1", "source_id": "ed652b46-541d-4ebb-abf0-6262456691a1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Haar-like Construction for the Ornstein Uhlenbeck Process", "prompt": null, "generation": " The classical Haar construction of Brownian motion uses a binary tree of\ntriangular wedge-shaped functions. This basis has compactness properties which\nmake it especially suited for certain classes of numerical algorithms. We\npresent a similar basis for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, in which the basis\nelements approach asymptotically the Haar functions as the index increases, and\npreserve the following properties of the Haar basis: all basis elements have\ncompact support on an open interval with dyadic rational endpoints; these\nintervals are nested and become smaller for larger indices of the basis\nelement, and for any dyadic rational, only a finite number of basis elements is\nnonzero at that number. Thus the expansion in our basis, when evaluated at a\ndyadic rational, terminates in a finite number of steps. We prove the\ncovariance formulae for our expansion and discuss its statistical\ninterpretation and connections to asymptotic scale invariance.\n" }, { "id": "3aa9521d-74d4-48d5-9743-7ee1c87439e9", "adv_source_id": "3aa9521d-74d4-48d5-9743-7ee1c87439e9", "source_id": "3aa9521d-74d4-48d5-9743-7ee1c87439e9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for $B_c(ns)$ via the $B_c(ns)\\to B_c(ms)\\pi^+\\pi^-$ transition\n at LHCb and $Z_0$ factory", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is interesting to study the characteristics of the whole family of $B_c$\nwhich contains two different heavy flavors. LHC and the proposed $Z^0$ factory\nprovide an opportunity because a large database on the $B_c$ family will be\nachieved. $B_c$ and its excited states can be identified via their decay modes.\nAs suggested by experimentalists, $B_c^*(ns)\\to B_c+\\gamma$ is not easy to be\nclearly measured, instead, the trajectories of $\\pi^+$ and $\\pi^-$ occurring in\nthe decay of $B_c(ns)\\to B_c(ms)+\\pi^+\\pi^-$ ($n>m$) can be unambiguously\nidentified, thus the measurement seems easier and more reliable, therefore this\nmode is more favorable at early running stage of LHCb and the proposed $Z^0$\nfactory. In this work, we calculate the rate of $B_c(ns)\\to B_c(ms)+\\pi^+\\pi^-$\nin terms of the QCD multipole-expansion and the numerical results indicate that\nthe experimental measurements with the luminosity of LHC and $Z^0$ factory are\nfeasible.\n" }, { "id": "4f2be900-cf7a-4003-986c-9e95a70e8b48", "adv_source_id": "4f2be900-cf7a-4003-986c-9e95a70e8b48", "source_id": "4f2be900-cf7a-4003-986c-9e95a70e8b48", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collaborative Applications over Peer-to-Peer Systems - Challenges and\n Solutions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Emerging collaborative Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems require discovery and\nutilization of diverse, multi-attribute, distributed, and dynamic groups of\nresources to achieve greater tasks beyond conventional file and processor cycle\nsharing. Collaborations involving application specific resources and dynamic\nquality of service goals are stressing current P2P architectures. Salient\nfeatures and desirable characteristics of collaborative P2P systems are\nhighlighted. Resource advertising, selecting, matching, and binding, the\ncritical phases in these systems, and their associated challenges are reviewed\nusing examples from distributed collaborative adaptive sensing systems, cloud\ncomputing, and mobile social networks. State-of-the-art resource\ndiscovery/aggregation solutions are compared with respect to their\narchitecture, lookup overhead, load balancing, etc., to determine their ability\nto meet the goals and challenges of each critical phase. Incentives, trust,\nprivacy, and security issues are also discussed, as they will ultimately\ndetermine the success of a collaborative P2P system. Open issues and research\nopportunities that are essential to achieve the true potential of collaborative\nP2P systems are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "63c261da-3971-45cd-bd23-3531fda24ebd", "adv_source_id": "63c261da-3971-45cd-bd23-3531fda24ebd", "source_id": "63c261da-3971-45cd-bd23-3531fda24ebd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Wada Dessins associated with Finite Projective Spaces and Frobenius\n Compatibility", "prompt": null, "generation": " \\textit{Dessins d'enfants} (hypermaps) are useful to describe algebraic\nproperties of the Riemann surfaces they are embedded in. In general, it is not\neasy to describe algebraic properties of the surface of the embedding starting\nfrom the combinatorial properties of an embedded dessin. However, this task\nbecomes easier if the dessin has a large automorphism group.\n In this paper we consider a special type of dessins, so-called \\textit{Wada\ndessins}. Their underlying graph illustrates the incidence structure of finite\nprojective spaces $\\PR{m}{n}$. Usually, the automorphism group of these dessins\nis a cyclic \\textit{Singer group} $\\Sigma_\\ell$ permuting transitively the\nvertices. However, in some cases, a second group of automorphisms $\\Phi_f$\nexists. It is a cyclic group generated by the \\textit{Frobenius automorphism}.\nWe show under what conditions $\\Phi_f$ is a group of automorphisms acting\nfreely on the edges of the considered dessins.\n" }, { "id": "9c286e62-c0ac-4bc1-ba5a-ac3c00a43720", "adv_source_id": "9c286e62-c0ac-4bc1-ba5a-ac3c00a43720", "source_id": "9c286e62-c0ac-4bc1-ba5a-ac3c00a43720", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gauge Theory of the full Lorentz Group on flat Spacetime", "prompt": null, "generation": " We compute gauge theories of the Lorentz group. We discuss non-interacting,\nand interacting fermionic systems. The interacting system combines a local with\na global Lorentz group, i.e, discusses a $SO(3,1)_{l}\\times\nSO(3,1)_{g}$-theory. We compute the equations of motion and conservation laws\nfor the fermionic matter current. The core of our work is the prediction of\nsome new form of monopoles we call 'Dirac-Clifford-'t Hooft-Polyakov'-monopole.\nIt resides in a state similar to color-flavor locking. Dirac-Clifford-'t\nHooft-Polyakov-monopoles are invariant under global Lorentz transformations and\nare predicted to form vortices. The theory is renormalizable, since all\nGoldstone-Nambu modes are converted into massive vector gauge fields.\n" }, { "id": "b52b279c-dfd0-4d44-97b8-e6c47738374a", "adv_source_id": "b52b279c-dfd0-4d44-97b8-e6c47738374a", "source_id": "b52b279c-dfd0-4d44-97b8-e6c47738374a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Capacity of Causal Cognitive Interference Channel With Delay", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we introduce the Causal Cognitive Interference Channel With\nDelay (CC-IFC-WD) in which the cognitive user transmission can depend on $L$\nfuture received symbols as well as the past ones. Taking the effect of the link\ndelays into account, CC-IFC-WD fills the gap between the genie-aided and causal\n1cognitive radio channels. We study three special cases: 1) Classical CC-IFC\n(L=0), 2) CC-IFC without delay (L=1) and 3) CC-IFC with a block length delay\n(L=n). In each case, we obtain an inner bound on the capacity region. Our\ncoding schemes make use of cooperative strategy by generalized block Markov\nsuperposition coding, collaborative strategy by rate splitting, and\nGel'fand-Pinsker coding in order to pre-cancel part of the interference.\nMoreover, instantaneous relaying and non-causal partial Decode-and-Forward\nstrategies are employed in the second and third cases, respectively. The\nderived regions under special conditions, reduce to several previously known\nresults. Moreover, we show that the coding strategy which we use to derive\nachievable rate region for the classical CC-IFC achieves capacity for a special\ncase of this channel. Furthermore, we extend our achievable rate regions to\nGaussian case. Providing a numerical example for Gaussian CC-IFC-WD, we\ninvestigate the rate gain of the cognitive link for different delay values.\n" }, { "id": "066570e0-bfc0-48b3-80c3-30bf8ba30828", "adv_source_id": "066570e0-bfc0-48b3-80c3-30bf8ba30828", "source_id": "066570e0-bfc0-48b3-80c3-30bf8ba30828", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Conformal Invariance and Shape-Dependent Conductance of Graphene Samples", "prompt": null, "generation": " For a sample of an arbitrary shape, the dependence of its conductance on the\nlongitudinal and Hall conductivity is identical to that of a rectangle. We use\nanalytic results for a conducting rectangle, combined with the semicircle model\nfor transport coefficients, to study properties of the monolayer and bilayer\ngraphene. A conductance plateau centered at the neutrality point, predicted for\nsquare geometry, is in agreement with recent experiments. For rectangular\ngeometry, the conductance exhibits maxima at the densities of compressible\nquantum Hall states for wide samples, and minima for narrow samples. The\npositions and relative sizes of these features are different in the monolayer\nand bilayer cases, indicating that the conductance can be used as a tool for\nsample diagnostic.\n" }, { "id": "dd198d60-bd76-444e-9a1f-f81f72532022", "adv_source_id": "dd198d60-bd76-444e-9a1f-f81f72532022", "source_id": "dd198d60-bd76-444e-9a1f-f81f72532022", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The primordial abundance of 4He: evidence for non-standard big bang\n nucleosynthesis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a new determination of the primordial helium mass fraction Yp,\nbased on 93 spectra of 86 low-metallicity extragalactic HII regions, and taking\ninto account the latest developments concerning systematic effects. These\ninclude collisional and fluorescent enhancements of HeI recombination lines,\nunderlying HeI stellar absorption lines, collisional and fluorescent excitation\nof hydrogen lines and temperature and ionization structure of the HII region.\nUsing Monte Carlo methods to solve simultaneously for the above systematic\neffects, we find the best value to be\nYp=0.2565+/-0.0010(stat.)+/-0.0050(syst.). This value is higher at the 2sigma\nlevel than the value given by Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (SBBN),\nimplying deviations from it. The effective number of light neutrino species Nnu\nis equal to 3.68^+0.80_-0.70 (2sigma) and 3.80^+0.80_-0.70 (2sigma) for a\nneutron lifetime tau(n) equal to 885.4+/-0.9 s and 878.5+/-0.8 s, respectively,\ni.e. it is larger than the experimental value of 2.993+/-0.011.\n" }, { "id": "1ff48796-b3d5-4317-a45a-675d92ebd03a", "adv_source_id": "1ff48796-b3d5-4317-a45a-675d92ebd03a", "source_id": "1ff48796-b3d5-4317-a45a-675d92ebd03a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ranking relations using analogies in biological and information networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Analogical reasoning depends fundamentally on the ability to learn and\ngeneralize about relations between objects. We develop an approach to\nrelational learning which, given a set of pairs of objects\n$\\mathbf{S}=\\{A^{(1)}:B^{(1)},A^{(2)}:B^{(2)},\\ldots,A^{(N)}:B ^{(N)}\\}$,\nmeasures how well other pairs A:B fit in with the set $\\mathbf{S}$. Our work\naddresses the following question: is the relation between objects A and B\nanalogous to those relations found in $\\mathbf{S}$? Such questions are\nparticularly relevant in information retrieval, where an investigator might\nwant to search for analogous pairs of objects that match the query set of\ninterest. There are many ways in which objects can be related, making the task\nof measuring analogies very challenging. Our approach combines a similarity\nmeasure on function spaces with Bayesian analysis to produce a ranking. It\nrequires data containing features of the objects of interest and a link matrix\nspecifying which relationships exist; no further attributes of such\nrelationships are necessary. We illustrate the potential of our method on text\nanalysis and information networks. An application on discovering functional\ninteractions between pairs of proteins is discussed in detail, where we show\nthat our approach can work in practice even if a small set of protein pairs is\nprovided.\n" }, { "id": "528313e5-c0a4-4378-b675-baa627b2b70a", "adv_source_id": "528313e5-c0a4-4378-b675-baa627b2b70a", "source_id": "528313e5-c0a4-4378-b675-baa627b2b70a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Planet Formation: Statistics of spin rates and obliquities of extrasolar\n planets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a simple model of planetary formation, focusing our attention on\nthose planets with masses less than 10 Earth masses and studying particularly\nthe primordial spin parameters of planets resulting from the accretion of\nplanetesimals and produced by the collisions between the embryos. As initial\nconditions, we adopt the oligarchic growth regime of protoplanets in a disc\nwhere several embryos are allowed to form. We take different initial planetary\nsystem parameters and for each initial condition, we consider an evolution of\n20 millon of years of the system. We perform simulations for 1000 different\ndiscs, and from their results we derive the statistical properties of the\nassembled planets. We have taken special attention to the planetary obliquities\nand rotation periods, such as the information obtained from the mass and semi\nmajor axis diagram, which reflects the process of planetary formation. The\ndistribution of obliquities was found to be isotropic, which means that planets\ncan rotate in direct or indirect sense, regardless of their mass. Our results\nregarding the primordial rotation periods show that they are dependent on the\nregion where the embryo was formed and evolved. According to our results, most\nof the planets have rotation periods between 10 and 10000 hours and there are\nalso a large population of planets similar to terrestrial planets in the Solar\nSystem.\n" }, { "id": "47962793-17af-4a52-95ad-ff72d912b7bc", "adv_source_id": "47962793-17af-4a52-95ad-ff72d912b7bc", "source_id": "47962793-17af-4a52-95ad-ff72d912b7bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stabilizing quantum metastable states in a time-periodic potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this talk we present a model to demonstrate how time-periodic potential\ncan be used to manipulate quantum metastability of a system. We study\nmetastability of a particle trapped in a well with a time-periodically\noscillating barrier in the Floquet formalism. It is shown that the oscillating\nbarrier causes the system to decay faster in general. However, avoided\ncrossings of metastable states can occur with the less stable states crossing\nover to the more stable ones. If in the static well there exists a bound state,\nthen it is possible to stabilize a metastable state by adiabatically increasing\nthe oscillating frequency of the barrier so that the unstable state eventually\ncross-over to the stable bound state. It is also found that increasing the\namplitude of the oscillating field may change a direct crossing of states into\nan avoided one. Hence, one can manipulate the stability of different states in\na quantum potential by a combination of adiabatic changes of the frequency and\nthe amplitude of the oscillating barrier.\n" }, { "id": "f4dcc9d4-76ce-4018-a96c-b6319464ed9a", "adv_source_id": "f4dcc9d4-76ce-4018-a96c-b6319464ed9a", "source_id": "f4dcc9d4-76ce-4018-a96c-b6319464ed9a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Cosmological Slingshot Scenario: Myths and Facts", "prompt": null, "generation": " We generalize the Cosmological Slingshot Scenario for a Slingshot brane\nmoving in a Klebanov-Strassler throat. We show that the horizon and isotropy\nproblems of standard cosmology are avoided, while the flatness problem is\nacceptably alleviated. Regarding the primordial perturbations, we identify\ntheir vacuum state and elucidate the evolution from the quantum to the\nclassical regimes. Also, we calculate their exact power spectrum showing its\ncompatibility with current data. We discuss the bouncing solution from a four\ndimensional point of view. In this framework the radial and angular motion of\nthe Slingshot brane are described by two scalar fields. We show that the\nbouncing solution for the scale factor in String frame is mapped into a\nmonotonically increasing (in conformal time) solution in the Einstein frame. We\nfinally discuss about the regularity of the geometry in Einstein frame.\n" }, { "id": "2576383f-ff92-4665-b645-dd383805b26e", "adv_source_id": "2576383f-ff92-4665-b645-dd383805b26e", "source_id": "2576383f-ff92-4665-b645-dd383805b26e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "PSPACE Bounds for Rank-1 Modal Logics", "prompt": null, "generation": " For lack of general algorithmic methods that apply to wide classes of logics,\nestablishing a complexity bound for a given modal logic is often a laborious\ntask. The present work is a step towards a general theory of the complexity of\nmodal logics. Our main result is that all rank-1 logics enjoy a shallow model\nproperty and thus are, under mild assumptions on the format of their\naxiomatisation, in PSPACE. This leads to a unified derivation of tight\nPSPACE-bounds for a number of logics including K, KD, coalition logic, graded\nmodal logic, majority logic, and probabilistic modal logic. Our generic\nalgorithm moreover finds tableau proofs that witness pleasant proof-theoretic\nproperties including a weak subformula property. This generality is made\npossible by a coalgebraic semantics, which conveniently abstracts from the\ndetails of a given model class and thus allows covering a broad range of logics\nin a uniform way.\n" }, { "id": "a8dced2a-ba1a-4ef9-81f5-1702e9ac0a64", "adv_source_id": "a8dced2a-ba1a-4ef9-81f5-1702e9ac0a64", "source_id": "a8dced2a-ba1a-4ef9-81f5-1702e9ac0a64", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new Planetary Nebula in the outer reaches of the Galaxy", "prompt": null, "generation": " A proper determination of the abundance gradient in the Milky Way requires\nthe observation of objects at large galactiocentric distances. With this aim,\nwe are exploring the planetary nebula population towards the Galactic\nAnticentre. In this article, the discovery and physico-chemical study of a new\nplanetary nebula towards the Anticentre direction, IPHASX J052531.19+281945.1\n(PNG 178.1-04.0), is presented. The planetary nebula was discovered from the\nIPHAS survey. Long-slit follow-up spectroscopy was carried out to confirm its\nplanetary nebula nature and to calculate its physical and chemical\ncharacteristics. The newly discovered planetary nebula turned out to be located\nat a very large galactocentric distance (D_GC=20.8+-3.8 kpc), larger than any\npreviously known planetary nebula with measured abundances. Its relatively high\noxygen abundance (12+log(O/H) = 8.36+-0.03) supports a flattening of the\nGalactic abundance gradient at large galactocentric distances rather than a\nlinearly decreasing gradient.\n" }, { "id": "0b535e22-aebb-4add-a05b-bf732267209c", "adv_source_id": "0b535e22-aebb-4add-a05b-bf732267209c", "source_id": "0b535e22-aebb-4add-a05b-bf732267209c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quaking neutron star deriving radiative power of oscillating\n magneto-dipole emission from energy of Alfv\\'en seismic vibrations", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is shown that depletion of the magnetic field pressure in a quaking\nneutron star undergoing Lorentz-force-driven torsional seismic vibrations about\naxis of its dipole magnetic moment is accompanied by the loss of vibration\nenergy of the star that causes its vibration period to lengthen at a rate\nproportional to the rate of magnetic field decay. Highlighted is the\nmagnetic-field-decay induced conversion of the energy of differentially\nrotational Alfv\\'en vibrations into the energy of oscillating magneto-dipole\nradiation. A set of representative examples of magnetic field decay\nillustrating the vibration energy powered emission with elongating periods\nproduced by quaking neutron star are considered and discussed in the context of\ntheory of magnetars.\n" }, { "id": "acb66c76-a251-4dd3-abf1-317d3cd2022a", "adv_source_id": "acb66c76-a251-4dd3-abf1-317d3cd2022a", "source_id": "acb66c76-a251-4dd3-abf1-317d3cd2022a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generalizations and Variants of the Largest Non-crossing Matching\n Problem in Random Bipartite Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We are interested in the statistics of the length of the longest increasing\nsubsequence of 2-rowed lexicographically sorted arrays chosen according to\ndistinct families of distributions D = (D_n)_n, and when n goes to infinity.\nThis framework encompasses well studied problems such as the so called Longest\nIncreasing Subsequence problem, the Longest Common Subsequence problem,\nproblems concerning directed bond percolation models, among others. We define\nseveral natural families of distinct distributions and characterize the\nasymptotic behavior of the expected length of a longest increasing subsequence\nchosen according to them. In particular, we consider generalizations to d-rowed\narrays as well as symmetry restricted two-rowed arrays.\n" }, { "id": "9cf7342e-c63b-4986-acee-7a73d9916b2f", "adv_source_id": "9cf7342e-c63b-4986-acee-7a73d9916b2f", "source_id": "9cf7342e-c63b-4986-acee-7a73d9916b2f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some First Steps Towards a Radiation GRMHD Code: Radiative Effects on\n Accretion Rate onto a Kerr Black Hole", "prompt": null, "generation": " The role of radiation in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD)\naccretion simulations is discussed through axisymmetric simulations of the\nevolution of an initial torus seeded with a weak magnetic field. The paper\ncompares and contrasts the rate of accretion onto a Kerr black hole and mass\nflux out out of the initial torus at large radii in the GRMHD code of De\nVilliers and Hawley and a newly developed radiative GRMHD code. This rGRMHD\ncode currently operates in the diffusion approximation, restricting the study\nof radiative effects to the bound portion of the accretion disk/jet system.\nHowever, these preliminary findings suggest that radiative effects do play a\npotentially significant role in regulating the accretion flow.\n" }, { "id": "35d4b4b2-61c2-43f7-b0be-25da2c8e2184", "adv_source_id": "35d4b4b2-61c2-43f7-b0be-25da2c8e2184", "source_id": "35d4b4b2-61c2-43f7-b0be-25da2c8e2184", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae", "prompt": null, "generation": " Theory holds that a star born with an initial mass between about 8 and 140\ntimes the mass of the Sun will end its life through the catastrophic\ngravitational collapse of its iron core to a neutron star or black hole. This\ncore collapse process is thought to usually be accompanied by the ejection of\nthe star's envelope as a supernova. This established theory is now being tested\nobservationally, with over three dozen core-collapse supernovae having had the\nproperties of their progenitor stars directly measured through the examination\nof high-resolution images taken prior to the explosion. Here I review what has\nbeen learned from these studies and briefly examine the potential impact on\nstellar evolution theory, the existence of \"failed supernovae\", and our\nunderstanding of the core-collapse explosion mechanism.\n" }, { "id": "57bbaf91-5bf2-4a9d-ac87-675235d11e7e", "adv_source_id": "57bbaf91-5bf2-4a9d-ac87-675235d11e7e", "source_id": "57bbaf91-5bf2-4a9d-ac87-675235d11e7e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Where galaxies really come from", "prompt": null, "generation": " The fundamental paradox of the incompatibility of the observed large-scale\nuniformity of the Universe with the fact that the age of the Universe is finite\nis overcome by the introduction of an initial a period of superluminal\nexpansion of space, called cosmic inflation. Inflation can also produce the\nsmall deviations from uniformity needed for the formation of structures in the\nUniverse such as galaxies. This is achieved by the conjunction of inflation\nwith the quantum vacuum, through the so-called particle production process.\nThis mechanism is explained and linked with Hawking radiation of black holes.\nThe nature of the particles involved is discussed and the case of using massive\nvector boson fields instead of scalar fields is presented, with emphasis on its\ndistinct observational signatures. Finally, a particular implementation of\nthese ideas is included, which can link the formation of galaxies, the standard\nmodel vector bosons and the observed galactic magnetic fields.\n" }, { "id": "accda229-b9e5-4ce1-bb3e-7ef589fa0368", "adv_source_id": "accda229-b9e5-4ce1-bb3e-7ef589fa0368", "source_id": "accda229-b9e5-4ce1-bb3e-7ef589fa0368", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Solving the Naturalness Problem by Baby Universes in the Lorentzian\n Multiverse", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a solution of the naturalness problem in the context of the\nmultiverse wavefunction without the anthropic argument. If we include\nmicroscopic wormhole configurations in the path integral, the wave function\nbecomes a superposition of universes with various values of the coupling\nconstants such as the cosmological constant, the parameters in the Higgs\npotential, and so on. We analyze the quantum state of the multiverse, and\nevaluate the density matrix of one universe. We show that the coupling\nconstants induced by the wormholes are fixed in such a way that the density\nmatrix is maximized. In particular, the cosmological constant, which is in\ngeneral time-dependent, is chosen such that it takes an extremely small value\nin the far future. We also discuss the gauge hierarchy problem and the strong\nCP problem in this context. Our study predicts that the Higgs mass is 140\\pm20\nGeV and {\\theta}=0.\n" }, { "id": "91a92133-b04e-4459-b083-a3ca80d07f15", "adv_source_id": "91a92133-b04e-4459-b083-a3ca80d07f15", "source_id": "91a92133-b04e-4459-b083-a3ca80d07f15", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Adaptation and Performance of the Cartesian Coordinates Fast Multipole\n Method for Nanomagnetic Simulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " An implementation of the fast multiple method (FMM) is performed for magnetic\nsystems with long-ranged dipolar interactions. Expansion in spherical harmonics\nof the original FMM is replaced by expansion of polynomials in Cartesian\ncoordinates, which is considerably simpler. Under open boundary conditions, an\nexpression for multipole moments of point dipoles in a cell is derived. These\nmake the program appropriate for nanomagnetic simulations, including magnetic\nnanoparticles and ferrofluids. The performance is optimized in terms of cell\nsize and parameter set (expansion order and opening angle) and the trade off\nbetween computing time and accuracy is quantitatively studied. A rule of thumb\nis proposed to decide the appropriate average number of dipoles in the smallest\ncells, and an optimal choice of parameter set is suggested. Finally, the\nsuperiority of Cartesian coordinate FMM is demonstrated by comparison to\nspherical harmonics FMM and FFT.\n" }, { "id": "909215ed-d408-4a89-bae8-84d6c055aa14", "adv_source_id": "909215ed-d408-4a89-bae8-84d6c055aa14", "source_id": "909215ed-d408-4a89-bae8-84d6c055aa14", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Simple Harmonic Universe", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore simple but novel bouncing solutions of general relativity that\navoid singularities. These solutions require curvature k=+1, and are supported\nby a negative cosmological term and matter with -1 < w < -1/3. In the case of\nmoderate bounces (where the ratio of the maximal scale factor $a_+$ to the\nminimal scale factor $a_-$ is ${\\cal O}(1)$), the solutions are shown to be\nclassically stable and cycle through an infinite set of bounces. For more\nextreme cases with large $a_+/a_-$, the solutions can still oscillate many\ntimes before classical instabilities take them out of the regime of validity of\nour approximations. In this regime, quantum particle production also leads\neventually to a departure from the realm of validity of semiclassical general\nrelativity, likely yielding a singular crunch. We briefly discuss possible\napplications of these models to realistic cosmology.\n" }, { "id": "230b14ca-446a-4c6e-ac03-1fac98003cb3", "adv_source_id": "230b14ca-446a-4c6e-ac03-1fac98003cb3", "source_id": "230b14ca-446a-4c6e-ac03-1fac98003cb3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hadronic fluctuations and correlations at nonzero chemical potential", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a lattice study of fluctuations and correlations among the\nconserved charges baryon number and strangeness in (2+1)-flavor QCD. The\nlattice calculations are based on a Taylor expansion of the pressure. Results\nare presented at zero and nonzero density on lattices with four and six time\nslices, corresponding to a lattice spacing of $a\\approx 0.25$ fm and $a\\approx\n0.16$ fm, respectively. The quark masses are almost physical, i.e. the light\nquark mass has been chosen to one tenth of the physical strange quark mass\nwhile the strange quark mass has been set to its physical value. We find that\nall analyzed fluctuations and correlations develop a peak at nonzero density,\nwhen they are treated in an expansion up to sixth order. Especially below the\ncritical temperature ($T_c$) fluctuations and correlations increase\ndrastically, whereas above $T_c$ they are rather unaffected.\n" }, { "id": "e432f249-c035-41ed-806c-0bf5b7b683d6", "adv_source_id": "e432f249-c035-41ed-806c-0bf5b7b683d6", "source_id": "e432f249-c035-41ed-806c-0bf5b7b683d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Imaginary time Gaussian dynamics of the Ar_3 cluster", "prompt": null, "generation": " Semiclassical Gaussian approximations to the Boltzmann operator have become\nan important tool for the investigation of thermodynamic properties of clusters\nof atoms at low temperatures. Usually, numerically expensive thawed Gaussian\nvariants are applied. In this article, we introduce a numerically much cheaper\nfrozen Gaussian approximation to the imaginary time propagator with a width\nmatrix especially suited for the dynamics of clusters. The quality of the\nresults is comparable to that of thawed Gaussian methods based on the\nsingle-particle ansatz. We apply the method to the argon trimer and investigate\nthe dissociation process of the cluster. The results clearly show a\nclassical-like transition from a bounded moiety to three free particles at a\ntemperature T ~ 20 K, whereas previous studies of the system were not able to\nresolve this transition. Quantum effects, i.e., differences with the purely\nclassical case manifest themselves in the low-temperature behavior of the mean\nenergy and specific heat as well as in a slight shift of the transition\ntemperature. We also discuss the influence of an artificial confinement of the\natoms usually introduced to converge numerical computations. The results show\nthat restrictive confinements often implemented in studies of clusters can\ninfluence the thermodynamic properties drastically. This finding may have\nimplications on other studies of atomic clusters.\n" }, { "id": "2ed8915f-f903-46c3-beee-2f4e1244cd97", "adv_source_id": "2ed8915f-f903-46c3-beee-2f4e1244cd97", "source_id": "2ed8915f-f903-46c3-beee-2f4e1244cd97", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extension of dynamical mean-field theory by inclusion of nonlocal\n two-site correlations with variable distance", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a novel approximation scheme for the treatment of strongly\ncorrelated electrons in arbitrary crystal lattices. The approach extends the\nwell-known dynamical mean field theory to include nonlocal two-site\ncorrelations of arbitrary spatial extent. We extract the nonlocal correlation\nfunctions from two-impurity Anderson models where the impurity-impurity\ndistance defines the spatial extent of the correlations included. Translational\ninvariance is fully respected by our approach since correlation functions of\nany two-impurity cluster are periodically embedded to $k$-space via a Fourier\ntransform. As a first application, we study the two-dimensional Hubbard model\non a simple-cubic lattice. We demonstrate how pseudogap formation in the\nmany-body resonance at the Fermi level results from the inclusion of nonlocal\ncorrelations.\n" }, { "id": "435a78c4-43a6-45c0-aafa-a42bfb9d10b0", "adv_source_id": "435a78c4-43a6-45c0-aafa-a42bfb9d10b0", "source_id": "435a78c4-43a6-45c0-aafa-a42bfb9d10b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectropolarimetric observations of Herbig Ae/Be Stars I: HiVIS\n spectropolarimetric calibration and reduction techniques", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using the HiVIS spectropolarimeter built for the Haleakala 3.7m AEOS\ntelescope in Hawaii, we are collecting a large number of high precision\nspectropolarimetrc observations of stars. In order to precisely measure very\nsmall polarization changes, we have performed a number of polarization\ncalibration techniques on the AEOS telescope and HiVIS spectrograph. We have\nextended our dedicated IDL reduction package and have performed some hardware\nupgrades to the instrument. We have also used the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter\non CFHT to verify the HiVIS results with back-to-back observations of MWC 361\nand HD163296. Comparision of this and other HiVIS data with stellar\nobservations from the ISIS and WW spectropolarimeters in the literature further\nshows the usefulness of this instrument.\n" }, { "id": "4287c811-0680-470d-982f-e92cbe049645", "adv_source_id": "4287c811-0680-470d-982f-e92cbe049645", "source_id": "4287c811-0680-470d-982f-e92cbe049645", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tides and the Evolution of Planetary Habitability", "prompt": null, "generation": " Tides raised on a planet by its host star's gravity can reduce a planet's\norbital semi-major axis and eccentricity. This effect is only relevant for\nplanets orbiting very close to their host stars. The habitable zones of\nlow-mass stars are also close-in and tides can alter the orbits of planets in\nthese locations. We calculate the tidal evolution of hypothetical terrestrial\nplanets around low-mass stars and show that tides can evolve planets past the\ninner edge of the habitable zone, sometimes in less than 1 billion years. This\nmigration requires large eccentricities (>0.5) and low-mass stars (<0.35\nM_Sun). Such migration may have important implications for the evolution of the\natmosphere, internal heating and the Gaia hypothesis. Similarly, a planet\ndetected interior to the habitable zone could have been habitable in the past.\nWe consider the past habitability of the recently-discovered, ~5 M_Earth\nplanet, Gliese 581 c. We find that it could have been habitable for reasonable\nchoices of orbital and physical properties as recently as 2 Gyr ago. However,\nwhen we include constraints derived from the additional companions, we see that\nmost parameter choices that predict past habitability require the two inner\nplanets of the system to have crossed their mutual 3:1 mean motion resonance.\nAs this crossing would likely have resulted in resonance capture, which is not\nobserved, we conclude that Gl 581 c was probably never habitable.\n" }, { "id": "d1da2ef1-15e1-44a1-a39b-e7535da75a41", "adv_source_id": "d1da2ef1-15e1-44a1-a39b-e7535da75a41", "source_id": "d1da2ef1-15e1-44a1-a39b-e7535da75a41", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Minimum Convex Partitions and Maximum Empty Polytopes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $S$ be a set of $n$ points in $\\mathbb{R}^d$. A Steiner convex partition\nis a tiling of ${\\rm conv}(S)$ with empty convex bodies. For every integer $d$,\nwe show that $S$ admits a Steiner convex partition with at most $\\lceil\n(n-1)/d\\rceil$ tiles. This bound is the best possible for points in general\nposition in the plane, and it is best possible apart from constant factors in\nevery fixed dimension $d\\geq 3$. We also give the first constant-factor\napproximation algorithm for computing a minimum Steiner convex partition of a\nplanar point set in general position. Establishing a tight lower bound for the\nmaximum volume of a tile in a Steiner convex partition of any $n$ points in the\nunit cube is equivalent to a famous problem of Danzer and Rogers. It is\nconjectured that the volume of the largest tile is $\\omega(1/n)$.\n Here we give a $(1-\\varepsilon)$-approximation algorithm for computing the\nmaximum volume of an empty convex body amidst $n$ given points in the\n$d$-dimensional unit box $[0,1]^d$.\n" }, { "id": "1f8f117e-90cf-4102-a999-e525fa7239a5", "adv_source_id": "1f8f117e-90cf-4102-a999-e525fa7239a5", "source_id": "1f8f117e-90cf-4102-a999-e525fa7239a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theory of Radio Frequency Spectroscopy Experiments in Ultracold Fermi\n Gases and Their Relation to Photoemission Experiments in the Cuprates", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we present an overview of radio frequency (RF) spectroscopy in\nthe atomic Fermi superfluids. An ultimate goal is to suggest new directions in\nthe cold gas research agenda from the condensed matter perspective.Our focus is\non the experimental and theoretical literature of cold gases and photoemission\nspectroscopy of the cuprates particularly as it pertains to areas of overlap.\nThis paper contains a systematic overview of the theory of RF spectroscopy,\nboth momentum integrated and momentum resolved. We discuss the effects of\ntraps, population imbalance, final state interactions over the entire range of\ntemperatures and compare theory and experiment. We show that this broad range\nof phenomena can be accomodated within the BCS-Leggett description of BCS-BEC\ncrossover and that this scheme also captures some of the central observations\nin photoemission experiments in the cuprates. In this last context, we note\nthat the key themes which have emerged in cuprate photoemission studies involve\ncharacterization of the fermionic self energy, of the pseudogap and of the\neffects of superconducting coherence (in passing from above to below the\nsuperfluid transition temperature, $T_c$).These issues have a counterpart in\nthe cold Fermi gases and it would be most useful in future to use these atomic\nsystems to address these and the more sweeping question of how to describe that\nanomalous superfluid phase which forms in the presence of a normal state\nexcitation gap.\n" }, { "id": "8c5af163-e883-4081-b4c5-7a62172f9288", "adv_source_id": "8c5af163-e883-4081-b4c5-7a62172f9288", "source_id": "8c5af163-e883-4081-b4c5-7a62172f9288", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Charge tunneling in fractional edge channels", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explain recent experimental observations on effective charge of edge\nstates tunneling through a quantum point contact in the weak backscattering\nregime. We focus on the behavior of the excess noise and on the effective\ntunneling charge as a function of temperature and voltage. By introducing a\nminimal hierarchical model different filling factors, \\nu=p/(2p+1), in the Jain\nsequence are treated on equal footing, in presence also of non-universal\ninteractions. The agreement found with the experiments for \\nu=2/3 and \\nu=2/5\nreinforces the description of tunneling of bunching of quasiparticles at low\nenergies and quantitatively defines the condition under which one expects to\nmeasure the fundamental quasiparticle charge. We propose high-order current\ncumulant measurement to cross-check the validity of the above scenario and to\nbetter clarify the peculiar temperature behavior of the effective charges\nmeasured in the experiments.\n" }, { "id": "bc02118c-11e9-4269-8eed-c3c6c9b56e04", "adv_source_id": "bc02118c-11e9-4269-8eed-c3c6c9b56e04", "source_id": "bc02118c-11e9-4269-8eed-c3c6c9b56e04", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Conformal invariant powers of the Laplacian, Fefferman-Graham ambient\n metric and Ricci gauging", "prompt": null, "generation": " The hierarchy of conformally invariant k-th powers of the Laplacian acting on\na scalar field with scaling dimensions $\\Delta_{(k)}=k-d/2$, k=1,2,3 as\nobtained in the recent work [1] is rederived using the Fefferman-Graham d+2\ndimensional ambient space approach. The corresponding mysterious \"holographic\"\nstructure of these operators is clarified. We explore also the d+2 dimensional\nambient space origin of the Ricci gauging procedure proposed by A. Iorio, L.\nO'Raifeartaigh, I. Sachs and C. Wiesendanger as another method of constructing\nthe Weyl invariant Lagrangians. The corresponding \\emph{gauged} ambient metric,\nFefferman-Graham expansion and extended Penrose-Brown-Henneaux transformations\nare proposed and analyzed.\n" }, { "id": "3149606a-c6c8-4ed9-accf-1f88db4da9f8", "adv_source_id": "3149606a-c6c8-4ed9-accf-1f88db4da9f8", "source_id": "3149606a-c6c8-4ed9-accf-1f88db4da9f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chance Constrained Optimal Power Flow: Risk-Aware Network Control under\n Uncertainty", "prompt": null, "generation": " When uncontrollable resources fluctuate, Optimum Power Flow (OPF), routinely\nused by the electric power industry to re-dispatch hourly controllable\ngeneration (coal, gas and hydro plants) over control areas of transmission\nnetworks, can result in grid instability, and, potentially, cascading outages.\nThis risk arises because OPF dispatch is computed without awareness of major\nuncertainty, in particular fluctuations in renewable output. As a result, grid\noperation under OPF with renewable variability can lead to frequent conditions\nwhere power line flow ratings are significantly exceeded. Such a condition,\nwhich is borne by simulations of real grids, would likely resulting in\nautomatic line tripping to protect lines from thermal stress, a risky and\nundesirable outcome which compromises stability. Smart grid goals include a\ncommitment to large penetration of highly fluctuating renewables, thus calling\nto reconsider current practices, in particular the use of standard OPF. Our\nChance Constrained (CC) OPF corrects the problem and mitigates dangerous\nrenewable fluctuations with minimal changes in the current operational\nprocedure. Assuming availability of a reliable wind forecast parameterizing the\ndistribution function of the uncertain generation, our CC-OPF satisfies all the\nconstraints with high probability while simultaneously minimizing the cost of\neconomic re-dispatch. CC-OPF allows efficient implementation, e.g. solving a\ntypical instance over the 2746-bus Polish network in 20 seconds on a standard\nlaptop.\n" }, { "id": "b7077fcb-a9e0-408d-af71-1085e1786a33", "adv_source_id": "b7077fcb-a9e0-408d-af71-1085e1786a33", "source_id": "b7077fcb-a9e0-408d-af71-1085e1786a33", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The metallicity properties of simulated long-GRB galaxy hosts and the\n Fundamental Metallicity Relation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the implication of the collapsar model for Long Gamma-Ray Bursts\n(LGRBs) on the metallicity properties of the host galaxies, by combining\nhigh-resolution N-body simulations with semi-analytic models of galaxy\nformation. The cosmological model that we use reproduces the Fundamental\nMetallicity Relation recently discovered for the SDSS galaxies, whereby the\nmetallicity decreases with increasing Star Formation Rate for galaxies of a\ngiven stellar mass. We select host galaxies housing pockets of gas-particles,\nyoung and with different thresholds in metallicities, that can be sites of LRGB\nevents, according to the collapsar model. The simulated samples are compared\nwith 18 observed LGRB hosts in the aim at discriminating whether the\nmetallicity is a primary parameter. We find that a threshold in metallicity for\nthe LGRB progenitors, within the model galaxies, is not necessary in order to\nreproduce the observed distribution of host metallicities. The low\nmetallicities of observed LGRB hosts is a consequence of the high star\nformation environment. The star formation rate appears to be the primary\nparameter to generate a burst event. Finally, we show that only a few LGRBs are\nobserved in massive, highly extincted galaxies, while these galaxies are\nexpected to produce many such events. We identify these missing events with the\nfraction of dark LGRBs.\n" }, { "id": "048ef634-1703-47f9-b92e-3f5e8309acd5", "adv_source_id": "048ef634-1703-47f9-b92e-3f5e8309acd5", "source_id": "048ef634-1703-47f9-b92e-3f5e8309acd5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "General Gauge Mediation in 5D", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use the \"General Gauge Mediation\" formalism to describe a 5D setup with an\n$S^{1}/Z_{2}$ orbifold. We first consider a model independent SUSY breaking\nhidden sector on one boundary and generic chiral matter on another. Using the\ndefinition of GGM, the effects of the hidden sector are contained in a set of\nglobal symmetry current correlator functions and is mediated through the bulk.\nWe find the gaugino, sfermion and hyperscalar mass formulas for minimal and\ngeneralised messengers in different regimes of a large, small and intermediate\nextra dimension. Then we use the 5D GGM formalism to construct a model in which\nan SU(5) ISS model is located on the hidden boundary. We weakly gauge a global\nsymmetry of the ISS model and associate it with the bulk vector superfield.\nCompared to 4D GGM, there is a natural way to adjust the gaugino versus\nsfermion mass ratio by a factor $(M l)^{2}$, where M is a characteristic mass\nscale of the SUSY breaking sector and l is the length of the extra dimension.\n" }, { "id": "98c7069d-3cc6-47f2-ab5e-7a6475103dc7", "adv_source_id": "98c7069d-3cc6-47f2-ab5e-7a6475103dc7", "source_id": "98c7069d-3cc6-47f2-ab5e-7a6475103dc7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Geometrization of Lie and Noether symmetries with applications in\n Cosmology", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive the Lie and the Noether conditions for the equations of motion of a\ndynamical system in a $n-$dimensional Riemannian space. We solve these\nconditions in the sense that we express the symmetry generating vectors in\nterms of the special projective and the homothetic vectors of the space.\nTherefore the Lie and the Noether symmetries for these equations are geometric\nsymmetries or, equivalently, the geometry of the space is modulating the motion\nof dynamical systems in that space. We give two theorems which contain all the\nnecessary conditions which allow one to determine the Lie and the Noether\nsymmetries of a specific dynamical system in a given Riemannian space. We apply\nthe theorems to various interesting situations covering Newtonian 2d and 3d\nsystems as well as dynamical systems in cosmology.\n" }, { "id": "27f04a24-0f55-4054-a24f-2211f1a50de3", "adv_source_id": "27f04a24-0f55-4054-a24f-2211f1a50de3", "source_id": "27f04a24-0f55-4054-a24f-2211f1a50de3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dehn fillings of knot manifolds containing essential once-punctured tori", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we study exceptional Dehn fillings on hyperbolic knot manifolds\nwhich contain an essential once-punctured torus. Let $M$ be such a knot\nmanifold and let $\\beta$ be the boundary slope of such an essential\nonce-punctured torus. We prove that if Dehn filling $M$ with slope $\\alpha$\nproduces a Seifert fibred manifold, then $\\Delta(\\alpha,\\beta)\\leq 5$.\nFurthermore we classify the triples $(M; \\alpha,\\beta)$ when\n$\\D(\\alpha,\\beta)\\geq 4$. More precisely, when $\\D(\\alpha,\\beta)=5$, then $M$\nis the (unique) manifold $Wh(-3/2)$ obtained by Dehn filling one boundary\ncomponent of the Whitehead link exterior with slope -3/2, and $(\\alpha, \\beta)$\nis the pair of slopes $(-5, 0)$. Further, $\\D(\\alpha,\\beta)=4$ if and only if\n$(M; \\alpha,\\beta)$ is the triple $\\displaystyle (Wh(\\frac{-2n\\pm1}{n}); -4,\n0)$ for some integer $n$ with $|n|>1$. Combining this with known results, we\nclassify all hyperbolic knot manifolds $M$ and pairs of slopes $(\\beta,\n\\gamma)$ on $\\partial M$ where $\\beta$ is the boundary slope of an essential\nonce-punctured torus in $M$ and $\\gamma$ is an exceptional filling slope of\ndistance 4 or more from $\\beta$. Refined results in the special case of\nhyperbolic genus one knot exteriors in $S^3$ are also given.\n" }, { "id": "240388c8-6bd9-4329-85ff-b506f507cd89", "adv_source_id": "240388c8-6bd9-4329-85ff-b506f507cd89", "source_id": "240388c8-6bd9-4329-85ff-b506f507cd89", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulation of Electronic Structure Hamiltonians Using Quantum Computers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Over the last century, a large number of physical and mathematical\ndevelopments paired with rapidly advancing technology have allowed the field of\nquantum chemistry to advance dramatically. However, the lack of computationally\nefficient methods for the exact simulation of quantum systems on classical\ncomputers presents a limitation of current computational approaches. We report,\nin detail, how a set of pre-computed molecular integrals can be used to\nexplicitly create a quantum circuit, i.e. a sequence of elementary quantum\noperations, that, when run on a quantum computer, to obtain the energy of a\nmolecular system with fixed nuclear geometry using the quantum phase estimation\nalgorithm. We extend several known results related to this idea and discuss the\nadiabatic state preparation procedure for preparing the input states used in\nthe algorithm. With current and near future quantum devices in mind, we provide\na complete example using the hydrogen molecule, of how a chemical Hamiltonian\ncan be simulated using a quantum computer.\n" }, { "id": "06fec7c1-3950-4e3e-8ecd-943fa7ded2df", "adv_source_id": "06fec7c1-3950-4e3e-8ecd-943fa7ded2df", "source_id": "06fec7c1-3950-4e3e-8ecd-943fa7ded2df", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Orbiting phenomena in black hole scattering", "prompt": null, "generation": " Rainbow, glory and orbiting scattering are usually described by the\nproperties of the classical deflection function related to the real part of the\nquantum mechanical scattering phase shift or by the diffractive pattern of the\nquantum mechanical cross sections. Here we show that the case of orbiting\nscattering of massless spin 0, 1 and 2 particles from Schwarzschild black holes\ncan be characterized by a sudden rise in $|R_l|^2$ at a critical angular\nmomentum $l_C$, which we show corresponds to the unstable circular orbits of\nthese particles. For the cases, $s =0, 2$, we attempt a new interpretation of\nthe Regge-Wheeler potential by identifying the quantum mechanical corrections\nto the effective potential of massless particles. We probe into the black hole\nscattering by using numerical and semi-analytical methods which give very good\nagreements with the exact numerical results. The limitations of previously used\napproximations as compared to the exact and semi-analytical results are\ndiscussed.\n" }, { "id": "ac236570-57cb-47bc-99f0-9b4e43de3c09", "adv_source_id": "ac236570-57cb-47bc-99f0-9b4e43de3c09", "source_id": "ac236570-57cb-47bc-99f0-9b4e43de3c09", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On certain new integrable second order nonlinear differential equations\n and their connection with two dimensional Lotka-Volterra system", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we consider a second order nonlinear ordinary differential\nequation of the form\n $\\ddot{x}+k_1\\frac{\\dot{x}^2}{x}+(k_2+k_3x)\\dot{x}+k_4x^3+k_5x^2+k_6x=0$,\nwhere $k_i$'s, $i=1,2,...,6,$ are arbitrary parameters. By using the modified\nPrelle-Singer procedure, we identify five new integrable cases in this equation\nbesides two known integrable cases, namely (i) $k_2=0, k_3=0$ and (ii) $k_1=0,\nk_2=0, k_5=0$. Among these five, four equations admit time dependent first\nintegrals and the remaining one admits time independent first integral. From\nthe time independent first integral, nonstandard Hamiltonian structure is\ndeduced thereby proving the Liouville sense of integrability. In the case of\ntime dependent integrals, we either explicitly integrate the system or\ntransform to a time-independent case and deduce the underlying Hamiltonian\nstructure. We also demonstrate that the above second order ordinary\ndifferential equation is intimately related to the two-dimensional\nLotka-Volterra (LV) system. From the integrable parameters of above nonlinear\nequation and all the known integrable cases of the latter can be deduced\nthereby.\n" }, { "id": "9ef1799e-a6ae-4df7-9dc5-2e95d4a9072e", "adv_source_id": "9ef1799e-a6ae-4df7-9dc5-2e95d4a9072e", "source_id": "9ef1799e-a6ae-4df7-9dc5-2e95d4a9072e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A combined efficient design for biomarker data subject to a limit of\n detection due to measuring instrument sensitivity", "prompt": null, "generation": " Pooling specimens, a well-accepted sampling strategy in biomedical research,\ncan be applied to reduce the cost of studying biomarkers. Even if the cost of a\nsingle assay is not a major restriction in evaluating biomarkers, pooling can\nbe a powerful design that increases the efficiency of estimation based on data\nthat is censored due to an instrument's lower limit of detection (LLOD).\nHowever, there are situations when the pooling design strongly aggravates the\ndetection limit problem. To combine the benefits of pooled assays and\nindividual assays, hybrid designs that involve taking a sample of both pooled\nand individual specimens have been proposed. We examine the efficiency of these\nhybrid designs in estimating parameters of two systems subject to a LLOD: (1)\nnormally distributed biomarker with normally distributed measurement error and\npooling error; (2) Gamma distributed biomarker with double exponentially\ndistributed measurement error and pooling error. Three-assay design and\ntwo-assay design with replicates are applied to estimate the measurement and\npooling error. The Maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the\nparameters. We found that the simple one-pool design, where all assays but one\nare random individuals and a single pooled assay includes the remaining\nspecimens, under plausible conditions, is very efficient and can be recommended\nfor practical use.\n" }, { "id": "e432e10c-92eb-44b8-8aa2-d1d23bf1e760", "adv_source_id": "e432e10c-92eb-44b8-8aa2-d1d23bf1e760", "source_id": "e432e10c-92eb-44b8-8aa2-d1d23bf1e760", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evidence for conventional superconductivity in SrPd2Ge2", "prompt": null, "generation": " Electronic structure of SrPd2Ge2 single crystals is studied by angle-resolved\nphotoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and\nband-structure calculations within the local-density approximation (LDA). The\nSTS measurements show single s-wave superconducting energy gap \\Delta(0) = 0.5\nmeV. Photon-energy dependence of the observed Fermi surface reveals a strongly\nthree-dimensional character of the corresponding electronic bands. By comparing\nthe experimentally measured and calculated Fermi velocities a renormalization\nfactor of 0.95 is obtained, which is much smaller than typical values reported\nin Fe-based superconductors. We ascribe such an unusually low band\nrenormalization to the different orbital character of the conduction electrons\nand using ARPES and STS data argue that SrPd2Ge2 is likely to be a conventional\nsuperconductor, which makes it clearly distinct from isostructural iron\npnictide superconductors of the \"122\" family.\n" }, { "id": "b7df00f0-252f-44eb-8453-0edfc1813e8b", "adv_source_id": "b7df00f0-252f-44eb-8453-0edfc1813e8b", "source_id": "b7df00f0-252f-44eb-8453-0edfc1813e8b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Finite Bisimulations for Switched Linear Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing a finite bisimulation\nquotient for a discrete-time switched linear system in a bounded subset of its\nstate space. Given a set of observations over polytopic subsets of the state\nspace and a switched linear system with stable subsystems, the proposed\nalgorithm generates the bisimulation quotient in a finite number of steps with\nthe aid of sublevel sets of a polyhedral Lyapunov function. Starting from a\nsublevel set that includes the origin in its interior, the proposed algorithm\niteratively constructs the bisimulation quotient for any larger sublevel set.\nThe bisimulation quotient can then be further used for synthesis of the\nswitching law and system verification with respect to specifications given as\nsyntactically co-safe Linear Temporal Logic formulas over the observed\npolytopic subsets.\n" }, { "id": "c7ef3258-6a87-42e8-90a6-4f2f2b1c8a55", "adv_source_id": "c7ef3258-6a87-42e8-90a6-4f2f2b1c8a55", "source_id": "c7ef3258-6a87-42e8-90a6-4f2f2b1c8a55", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probing the Low-x Structure of the Nucleus with the PHENIX Detector", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the fundamental goals of the PHENIX experiment is to understand the\nstructure of cold nuclear matter, since this serves as the initial state for\nheavy-ion collisions. Knowing the initial state is vital for interpreting\nmeasurements from heavy-ion collisions. Moreover, the structure of the cold\nnucleus by itself is interesting since it is a test-bed for our understanding\nof QCD. In particular there is the possibility of novel QCD effects such as\ngluon saturation at low-x in the nucleus. At RHIC we can probe the behavior of\ngluons at low-x by measuring the pair cross-section of di-hadrons from di-jets\nin d+Au collisions. Our results show a systematic decrease in the pair\ncross-section as one goes to smaller impact parameters of the nucleus, and also\nas one goes to lower Bjorken x. There is a possibility that these interesting\neffects come from gluon recombination at low x in the Au nucleus.\n" }, { "id": "af857b6f-87a8-4210-b935-7197a7b2525d", "adv_source_id": "af857b6f-87a8-4210-b935-7197a7b2525d", "source_id": "af857b6f-87a8-4210-b935-7197a7b2525d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Emergence of triplet orbital pairing and non-Abelian states in ultracold\n multi-orbital optical lattices with quadratic band touching", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is found that all the {\\em singlet orbital pairing} instabilities are {\\em\nabsent} in a class of spin-polarized multi-orbital systems with quadratic band\ntouching, which opens the way for {\\em triplet orbital pairing} order. The\nground states are found to be {\\em non-Abelian} states with p-wave orbital\npairing in checkerboard (away from 1/2 filling) and kagome (above 1/3 filling)\nlattices with {\\em isotropic} attractive interaction which can be realized in\nultracold multi-orbital optical lattices. The special property of such systems\nis generalized to more classes of multi-orbital systems, where the fully-gapped\n{\\em non-Abelian} states are possibly the ground states. Those findings are\nhelpful in achieving topological quantum computation.\n" }, { "id": "134a800b-f8bc-436b-b89f-e55f1da36b07", "adv_source_id": "134a800b-f8bc-436b-b89f-e55f1da36b07", "source_id": "134a800b-f8bc-436b-b89f-e55f1da36b07", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Microscopic description of Cf-252 cold fission yields", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the cold fission of 252Cf within the two center shell model to\ncompute the potential energy surface. The fission yields are estimated by using\nthe semiclassical penetration approach. It turns out that the inner cold valley\nof the total potential energy is strongly connected with Z=50 magic number. The\nagreement with experimental values is very much improved only by considering\nmass and charge asymmetry degrees of freedom. Thus, indeed cold fission of\n252Cf is a Sn-like radioactivity, related the other two \"magic\nradioactivities\", namely alpha-decay and heavy-cluster decay, called also\nPb-like radioactivity. This calculation provides the necessary theoretical\nconfidence to estimate the penetration cross section in producing superheavy\nnuclei, by using the inverse fusion process.\n" }, { "id": "03e61612-a3bb-459b-a343-2db467713d0b", "adv_source_id": "03e61612-a3bb-459b-a343-2db467713d0b", "source_id": "03e61612-a3bb-459b-a343-2db467713d0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal size, freshness and time-frame for voice search vocabulary", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we investigate how to optimize the vocabulary for a voice\nsearch language model. The metric we optimize over is the out-of-vocabulary\n(OoV) rate since it is a strong indicator of user experience. In a departure\nfrom the usual way of measuring OoV rates, web search logs allow us to compute\nthe per-session OoV rate and thus estimate the percentage of users that\nexperience a given OoV rate. Under very conservative text normalization, we\nfind that a voice search vocabulary consisting of 2 to 2.5 million words\nextracted from 1 week of search query data will result in an aggregate OoV rate\nof 1%; at that size, the same OoV rate will also be experienced by 90% of\nusers. The number of words included in the vocabulary is a stable indicator of\nthe OoV rate. Altering the freshness of the vocabulary or the duration of the\ntime window over which the training data is gathered does not significantly\nchange the OoV rate. Surprisingly, a significantly larger vocabulary\n(approximately 10 million words) is required to guarantee OoV rates below 1%\nfor 95% of the users.\n" }, { "id": "1bda2a01-0cec-4084-9615-cb92a4448523", "adv_source_id": "1bda2a01-0cec-4084-9615-cb92a4448523", "source_id": "1bda2a01-0cec-4084-9615-cb92a4448523", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Parametric excitation of a magnetic nanocontact by a microwave field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate that magnetic oscillations of a current-biased magnetic\nnanocontact can be parametrically excited by a microwave field applied at twice\nthe resonant frequency of the oscillation. The threshold microwave amplitude\nfor the onset of the oscillation decreases with increasing bias current, and\nvanishes at the transition to the auto-oscillation regime. The parametrically\nexcited oscillation mode is the same as the one in the auto-oscillation regime,\nenabling studies of both the passive and the active dynamics of the oscillator.\nTheoretical analysis shows that measurements of parametric excitation provide\nquantitative information about the relaxation rate, the spin transfer\nefficiency, and the nonlinearity of the nanomagnetic system.\n" }, { "id": "59f82958-ba6e-4a82-b562-7fdafb1b4524", "adv_source_id": "59f82958-ba6e-4a82-b562-7fdafb1b4524", "source_id": "59f82958-ba6e-4a82-b562-7fdafb1b4524", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasiconvexity in the Relatively Hyperbolic Groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study different notions of quasiconvexity for a subgroup $H$ of a\nrelatively hyperbolic group $G.$ The first result establishes equivalent\nconditions for $H$ to be relatively quasiconvex. As a corollary we obtain that\nthe relative quasiconvexity is equivalent to the dynamical quasiconvexity. This\nanswers to a question posed by D. Osin \\cite{Os06}. In the second part of the\npaper we prove that a subgroup $H$ of a finitely generated relatively\nhyperbolic group $G$ acts cocompactly outside its limit set if and only if it\nis (absolutely) quasiconvex and every its infinite intersection with a\nparabolic subgroup of $G$ has finite index in the parabolic subgroup.\nConsequently we obtain a list of different subgroup properties and establish\nrelations between them.\n" }, { "id": "a6fb7a98-dd4a-4995-8f7d-e24f9c6032e6", "adv_source_id": "a6fb7a98-dd4a-4995-8f7d-e24f9c6032e6", "source_id": "a6fb7a98-dd4a-4995-8f7d-e24f9c6032e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasinormal modes and second order thermodynamic phase transition for\n Reissner-Nordstr\\\"om black hole", "prompt": null, "generation": " The relation between the quasinormal modes (QNMs) and the second order\nthermodynamic phase transition (SOTPT) for the Reissner-Nordstr\\\"om (RN) black\nhole is studied. It is shown that the quasinormal frequencies of the RN black\nhole start to get a spiral-like shape in the complex $\\omega$ plane and both\nthe real and imaginary parts become the oscillatory functions of the charge if\nthe real part of the quasinormal frequencies arrives at its maximum at the\nsecond order phase transition point of Davies for given overtone number and\nangular quantum number. That is to say, we can find out the SOTPT point from\nthe QNMs of the RN black hole. The fact shows that the quasinormal frequencies\ncarry the thermodynamical information of the RN black hole.\n" }, { "id": "a9cdca30-a617-4a6f-bcbc-2e5cd02c99d0", "adv_source_id": "a9cdca30-a617-4a6f-bcbc-2e5cd02c99d0", "source_id": "a9cdca30-a617-4a6f-bcbc-2e5cd02c99d0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Experimental investigation of the stability of the floating water bridge", "prompt": null, "generation": " When a high voltage is applied between two beakers filled with deionized\nwater, a bridge of water may be formed in between exceeding the length of 2 cm\nwhen the beakers are pulled apart. We construct experiments in which the\ngeometry and the electric field within the bridge are measured and compared\nwith predictions of theories on the floating water bridge. A numerical\nsimulation is used for the measurement of the electric field. Our experimental\nresults approve that two forces of dielectric tension and surface tension are\nholding the bridge against gravity. These forces have the same order of\nmagnitude. Results show that the stability can be explained by macroscopic\nforces, regardless of the microscopic changes in water structure.\n" }, { "id": "1180a696-9660-49f3-8489-22fff2b3db4b", "adv_source_id": "1180a696-9660-49f3-8489-22fff2b3db4b", "source_id": "1180a696-9660-49f3-8489-22fff2b3db4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dissipative Binding of Lattice Bosons through Distance-Selective Pair\n Loss", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that in a gas of ultra cold atoms distance selective two-body loss\ncan be engineered via the resonant laser excitation of atom pairs to\ninteracting electronic states. In an optical lattice this leads to a\ndissipative Master equation dynamics with Lindblad jump operators that\nannihilate atom pairs with a specific interparticle distance. In conjunction\nwith coherent hopping between lattice sites this unusual dissipation mechanism\nleads to the formation of coherent long-lived complexes that can even exhibit\nan internal level structure which is strongly coupled to their external motion.\nWe analyze this counterintuitive phenomenon in detail in a system of hard-core\nbosons. While current research has established that dissipation in general can\nlead to the emergence of coherent features in many-body systems our work shows\nthat strong non-local dissipation can effectuate a binding mechanism for\nparticles.\n" }, { "id": "aea4fc50-f4ce-4458-ad72-4dd9cb7ebd02", "adv_source_id": "aea4fc50-f4ce-4458-ad72-4dd9cb7ebd02", "source_id": "aea4fc50-f4ce-4458-ad72-4dd9cb7ebd02", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Making Gradient Descent Optimal for Strongly Convex Stochastic\n Optimization", "prompt": null, "generation": " Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a simple and popular method to solve\nstochastic optimization problems which arise in machine learning. For strongly\nconvex problems, its convergence rate was known to be O(\\log(T)/T), by running\nSGD for T iterations and returning the average point. However, recent results\nshowed that using a different algorithm, one can get an optimal O(1/T) rate.\nThis might lead one to believe that standard SGD is suboptimal, and maybe\nshould even be replaced as a method of choice. In this paper, we investigate\nthe optimality of SGD in a stochastic setting. We show that for smooth\nproblems, the algorithm attains the optimal O(1/T) rate. However, for\nnon-smooth problems, the convergence rate with averaging might really be\n\\Omega(\\log(T)/T), and this is not just an artifact of the analysis. On the\nflip side, we show that a simple modification of the averaging step suffices to\nrecover the O(1/T) rate, and no other change of the algorithm is necessary. We\nalso present experimental results which support our findings, and point out\nopen problems.\n" }, { "id": "f3735bf8-2b1c-4c63-8e8c-5168cd721774", "adv_source_id": "f3735bf8-2b1c-4c63-8e8c-5168cd721774", "source_id": "f3735bf8-2b1c-4c63-8e8c-5168cd721774", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "UV Spectral Synthesis of Vega", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that the UV spectrum (1280-3200 A) of the \"superficially normal\"\nA-star Vega, as observed by the IUE satellite at a resolution comparable to the\nstar's rotational broadening width, can be fit remarkably well by a\nsingle-temperature synthetic spectrum based on LTE atmosphere models and a\nnewly constructed UV line list. If Vega were a normal, equator-on,\nslow-rotating star, then its spectrum and our analysis would indicate a\ntemperature of Teff ~ 9550 K, surface gravity of log g ~ 3.7, general surface\nmetallicity of [m/H] ~ -0.5, and a microturbulence velocity of v(turb) ~ 2.0\nkm/s. Given its rapid rotation and nearly pole-on orientation, however, these\nparameters must be regarded as representing averages across the observed\nhemisphere. Modeling the complex UV line spectrum has allowed us to determine\nthe specific surface abundances for 17 different chemical elements, including\nCNO, the light metals, and the iron group elements. The resultant abundance\npattern agrees in general with previous results, although there is considerable\nscatter in the literature. Despite its peculiarities, Vega has turned out to\nprovide a powerful test of the extent of our abilities to model the atmospheric\nproperties of the early A-stars, particularly the detailed UV line spectrum.\nThe value of the measurements from this pilot study will increase as this\nanalysis is extended to more objects in the rich high-dispersion IUE data\narchive, including both normal and peculiar objects.\n" }, { "id": "44d47013-5dcb-49c8-85c5-c82a5bb6f9d6", "adv_source_id": "44d47013-5dcb-49c8-85c5-c82a5bb6f9d6", "source_id": "44d47013-5dcb-49c8-85c5-c82a5bb6f9d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chaotic motion at the emergence of the time averaged energy decay", "prompt": null, "generation": " A system plus environment conservative model is used to characterize the\nnonlinear dynamics when the time averaged energy for the system particle starts\nto decay. The system particle dynamics is regular for low values of the $N$\nenvironment oscillators and becomes chaotic in the interval $13\\le N\\le15$,\nwhere the system time averaged energy starts to decay. To characterize the\nnonlinear motion we estimate the Lyapunov exponent (LE), determine the power\nspectrum and the Kaplan-Yorke dimension. For much larger values of $N$ the\nenergy of the system particle is completely transferred to the environment and\nthe corresponding LEs decrease. Numerical evidences show the connection between\nthe variations of the {\\it amplitude} of the particles energy time oscillation\nwith the time averaged energy decay and trapped trajectories.\n" }, { "id": "4c62a188-57ba-4619-bfda-ee5653b3bbcd", "adv_source_id": "4c62a188-57ba-4619-bfda-ee5653b3bbcd", "source_id": "4c62a188-57ba-4619-bfda-ee5653b3bbcd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strain-Tunable Spin Moment in Ni-Doped Graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " Graphene, due to its exceptional properties, is a promising material for\nnanotechnology applications. In this context, the ability to tune the\nproperties of graphene-based materials and devices with the incorporation of\ndefects and impurities can be of extraordinary importance. Here we investigate\nthe effect of uniaxial tensile strain on the electronic and magnetic properties\nof graphene doped with substitutional Ni impurities (Ni_sub). We have found\nthat, although Ni_sub defects are non-magnetic in the relaxed layer, uniaxial\nstrain induces a spin moment in the system. The spin moment increases with the\napplied strain up to values of 0.3-0.4 \\mu_B per Ni_sub, until a critical\nstrain of ~6.5% is reached. At this point, a sharp transition to a high-spin\nstate (~1.9 \\mu_B) is observed. This magnetoelastic effect could be utilized to\ndesign strain-tunable spin devices based on Ni-doped graphene.\n" }, { "id": "56c7ec83-d525-4b78-a333-8fe55af6029d", "adv_source_id": "56c7ec83-d525-4b78-a333-8fe55af6029d", "source_id": "56c7ec83-d525-4b78-a333-8fe55af6029d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetization Step in Spatially Distorted Heisenberg Kagome\n Antiferromagnets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by a recent experiment on volborthite, a typical spin-$1/2$\nantiferromagnet with a kagom\\'{e} lattice structure, we study the magnetization\nprocess of a classical Heisenberg model on a spatially distorted kagom\\'{e}\nlattice using the Monte Carlo (MC) method. We find a distortion-induced\nmagnetization step at low temperatures and low magnetic fields. The magnitude\nof this step is given by $\\Delta m_z=\\left|1-\\alpha\\right|/3\\alpha$ at zero\ntemperature, where $\\alpha$ denotes the spatial anisotropy in exchange\nconstants. The magnetization step signals a first-order transition at low\ntemperatures, between two phases distinguished by distinct and well-developed\nshort-range spin correlations, one characterized by spin alignment of a local\n$120^{\\circ}$ structure with a $\\sqrt{3}\\times\\sqrt{3}$ period, and the other\nby a partially spin-flopped structure. We point out the relevance of our\nresults to the unconventional steps observed in volborthite.\n" }, { "id": "529b2a6b-3fe0-4044-b688-2e3cd62e2edb", "adv_source_id": "529b2a6b-3fe0-4044-b688-2e3cd62e2edb", "source_id": "529b2a6b-3fe0-4044-b688-2e3cd62e2edb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Moduli spaces of irregular singular connections", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the geometric version of the Langlands correspondence, irregular singular\npoint connections play the role of Galois representations with wild\nramification. In this paper, we develop a geometric theory of fundamental\nstrata to study irregular singular connections on the projective line.\nFundamental strata were originally used to classify cuspidal representations of\nthe general linear group over a local field. In the geometric setting,\nfundamental strata play the role of the leading term of a connection. We\nintroduce the concept of a regular stratum, which allows us to generalize the\ncondition that a connection has regular semisimple leading term to connections\nwith non-integer slope. Finally, we construct a symplectic moduli space of\nmeromorphic connections on the projective line that contain a regular stratum\nat each singular point.\n" }, { "id": "5dc88591-4b9c-4e7a-96b6-f8cac008cd2c", "adv_source_id": "5dc88591-4b9c-4e7a-96b6-f8cac008cd2c", "source_id": "5dc88591-4b9c-4e7a-96b6-f8cac008cd2c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum interface between an electrical circuit and a single atom", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show how to bridge the divide between atomic systems and electronic\ndevices by engineering a coupling between the motion of a single ion and the\nquantized electric field of a resonant circuit. Our method can be used to\ncouple the internal state of an ion to the quantized circuit with the same\nspeed as the internal-state coupling between two ions. All the well-known\nquantum information protocols linking ion internal and motional states can be\nconverted to protocols between circuit photons and ion internal states. Our\nresults enable quantum interfaces between solid state qubits, atomic qubits,\nand light, and lay the groundwork for a direct quantum connection between\nelectrical and atomic metrology standards.\n" }, { "id": "1474b8ed-1c8b-41aa-ae76-22ece86de1e3", "adv_source_id": "1474b8ed-1c8b-41aa-ae76-22ece86de1e3", "source_id": "1474b8ed-1c8b-41aa-ae76-22ece86de1e3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum phase transition of ultracold bosons in the presence of a\n non-Abelian synthetic gauge field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the Mott phases and the superfluid-insulator transition of\ntwo-component ultracold bosons on a square optical lattice in the presence of a\nnon-Abelian synthetic gauge field, which renders a SU(2) hopping matrix for the\nbosons. Using a resummed hopping expansion, we calculate the excitation spectra\nin the Mott insulating phases and demonstrate that the superfluid-insulator\nphase boundary displays a non-monotonic dependence on the gauge field strength.\nWe also compute the momentum distribution of the bosons in the presence of the\nnon-Abelian field and show that they develop peaks at non-zero momenta as the\nsuperfluid-insulator transition point is approached from the Mott side.\nFinally, we study the superfluid phases near the transition and discuss the\ninduced spatial pattern of the superfluid density due to the presence of the\nnon-Abelian gauge potential.\n" }, { "id": "2e7573cc-0539-406b-81fe-1b51700596c4", "adv_source_id": "2e7573cc-0539-406b-81fe-1b51700596c4", "source_id": "2e7573cc-0539-406b-81fe-1b51700596c4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Low-degree modes", "prompt": null, "generation": " The quest of the knowledge of the structure and dynamics of the solar\ninterior has been possible thanks to the study of the resonant acoustic (p)\nmodes that are trapped in the solar interior.\n Since the solar rotation lifts the azimuthal degeneracy of the resonant\nmodes, their eigenfrequencies are split into their m-components; where l is the\nangular degree, n the radial order, and, m the azimuthal order. This separation\n--usually called rotational splitting (or just splitting)-- depends on the\nrotation rate in the region sampled by the mode. In the same way, the precise\nfrequency of a mode depends on the physical properties of the cavity where the\nmode propagates. Using inversion techniques the rotation rate, the sound speed\nor the density profile at different locations inside the Sun can be inferred\nfrom a suitable lineal combination of the measured modes. But, during the last\nyear, a particular effort has been done in the extraction of physical\ninformation directly from the combination of frequencies: the large and the\nsmall frequency separations.\n" }, { "id": "66dbe363-e31c-4216-a6a9-36799e91cca5", "adv_source_id": "66dbe363-e31c-4216-a6a9-36799e91cca5", "source_id": "66dbe363-e31c-4216-a6a9-36799e91cca5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Superconductor-Insulator Magneto-Oscillations in Superconducting Strips", "prompt": null, "generation": " The magnetoresistance of thin superconducting strips subject to a\nperpendicular magnetic field B and low temperatures T manifests a sequence of\nalternating superconductor-insulator transitions (SIT). We study this\nphenomenon within a quasi one-dimensional (1D) model for the quantum dynamics\nof vortices in a line-junction between coupled parallel SC wires, at parameters\nclose to their SIT. Mapping the vortex system to 1D Fermions at a chemical\npotential dictated by B, we find that a quantum phase transition of the Ising\ntype occurs at critical values of the vortex filling, from a SC phase near\ninteger filling to an insulator near 1/2-filling. For T->0, the resulting\nmagnetoresistance R(B) exhibits oscillations similar to the experimental\nobservation.\n" }, { "id": "e4329daf-3014-4150-a3ca-afcb94011e89", "adv_source_id": "e4329daf-3014-4150-a3ca-afcb94011e89", "source_id": "e4329daf-3014-4150-a3ca-afcb94011e89", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Grothendieck-Serre conjecture for groups of type F_4 with trivial f_3\n invariant", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let R be a semi-local regular ring containing an infinite perfect field, and\nlet K be the field of fractions of R. Let H be a simple algebraic group of type\nF_4 over R such that H_K is the automorphism group of a 27-dimensional Jordan\nalgebra which is a first Tits construction. If char K is not 2, this means\nprecisely that the f_3 invariant of H_K is trivial. We prove that if an\nH-torsor is rationally trivial, then it is trivial over R. This result is a\nparticular case of the Grothendieck-Serre conjecture. It continues the recent\nseries of papers by I. Panin, N.Vavilov and the authors, and complements the\nresult of V. Chernousov on the Grothendieck-Serre conjecture for groups of type\nF_4 with trivial g_3 invariant.\n" }, { "id": "c5219962-e6b2-4ee5-89c8-5c2390ed1b73", "adv_source_id": "c5219962-e6b2-4ee5-89c8-5c2390ed1b73", "source_id": "c5219962-e6b2-4ee5-89c8-5c2390ed1b73", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The NGC 1023 Galaxy Group: An Anti-Hubble Flow?", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss recently published data indicating that the nearby galaxy group\nNGC 1023 includes an inner virialized quasi-stationary component and an outer\ncomponent comprising a flow of dwarf galaxies falling toward the center of the\nsystem. The inner component is similar to the Local Group of galaxies, but the\nLocal Group is surrounded by a receding set of dwarf galaxies forming the very\nlocal Hubble flow, rather than a system of approaching dwarfs. This clear\ndifference in the structures of these two systems, which are very similar in\nother respects, may be associated with the dark energy in which they are both\nimbedded. Self-gravity dominates in the Local Group, while the anti-gravity\nproduced by the cosmic dark-energy background dominates in the surrounding\nHubble flow. In contrast, self-gravity likewise dominates throughout the NGC\n1023 Group, both in its central component and in the surrounding Santi-Hubble\nflow. The NGC 1023 group as a whole is apparently in an ongoing state of\nformation and virialization. We may expect that there exists a receding flow\nsimilar to the local Hubble flow at distances of 1.4-3 Mpc from the center of\nthe group, where anti-gravity should become stronger than the gravity of the\nsystem.\n" }, { "id": "88e61c20-f494-4d70-893e-af889d43b05a", "adv_source_id": "88e61c20-f494-4d70-893e-af889d43b05a", "source_id": "88e61c20-f494-4d70-893e-af889d43b05a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Graph-Theoretic Characterizations of Structural Controllability for\n Multi-Agent System with Switching Topology", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper considers the controllability problem for multi-agent systems. In\nparticular, the structural controllability of multi-agent systems under\nswitching topologies is investigated. The structural controllability of\nmulti-agent systems is a generalization of the traditional controllability\nconcept for dynamical systems, and purely based on the communication topologies\namong agents. The main contributions of the paper are graph-theoretic\ncharacterizations of the structural controllability for multi-agent systems. It\nturns out that the multi-agent system with switching topology is structurally\ncontrollable if and only if the union graph G of the underlying communication\ntopologies is connected (single leader) or leader-follower connected\n(multi-leader). Finally, the paper concludes with several illustrative examples\nand discussions of the results and future work.\n" }, { "id": "d8025932-71d1-427e-92c0-cf4356da814a", "adv_source_id": "d8025932-71d1-427e-92c0-cf4356da814a", "source_id": "d8025932-71d1-427e-92c0-cf4356da814a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The multiple planets transiting Kepler-9 I. Inferring stellar properties\n and planetary compositions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The discovery of multiple transiting planetary systems offers new\npossibilities for characterising exoplanets and understanding their formation.\nThe Kepler-9 system contains two Saturn-mass planets, Kepler-9b and 9c. Using\nevolution models of gas giants that reproduce the sizes of known transiting\nplanets and accounting for all sources of uncertainties, we show that Kepler-9b\n(respectively 9c) contains $45^{+17}_{-12}$\\,\\mearth\\ (resp.\n$31^{+13}_{-10}$\\,\\mearth) of hydrogen and helium and $35^{+10}_{-15}$\\,\\mearth\n(resp. $24^{+10}_{-12}$\\,\\mearth) of heavy elements. More accurate constraints\nare obtained when comparing planets 9b and 9c: the ratio of the total mass\nfractions of heavy elements are $Z_{\\rm b}/Z_{\\rm c}=1.02\\pm 0.14$, indicating\nthat, although the masses of the planets differ, their global composition is\nvery similar, an unexpected result for formation models. Using evolution models\nfor super-Earths, we find that Kepler-9d must contain less than 0.1% of its\nmass in hydrogen and helium and predict a mostly rocky structure with a total\nmass between 4 and 16\\,\\mearth.\n" }, { "id": "ebbf8221-b224-43b0-984c-53d89b794c0c", "adv_source_id": "ebbf8221-b224-43b0-984c-53d89b794c0c", "source_id": "ebbf8221-b224-43b0-984c-53d89b794c0c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ideal hydrodynamics and elliptic flow at SPS energies: Importance of the\n initial conditions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The elliptic flow excitation function calculated in a full (3+1)d hybrid\nBoltzmann approach with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage for heavy ion\nreactions from GSI-SIS to the highest CERN-SPS energies is discussed in the\ncontext of the experimental data. In this study, we employ a hadron gas\nequation of state to investigate the differences in the dynamics and viscosity\neffects. The specific event-by-event setup with initial conditions and\nfreeze-out from a non-equilibrium transport model allows for a direct\ncomparison between ideal fluid dynamics and transport simulations. At higher\nSPS energies, where the pure transport calculation cannot account for the high\nelliptic flow values, the smaller mean free path in the hydrodynamic evolution\nleads to higher elliptic flow values. In contrast to previous studies within\npure hydrodynamics, the more realistic initial conditions employed here and the\ninclusion of a sequential final state hadronic decoupling provides results that\nare in line with the experimental data almost over the whole energy range from\n$E_{\\rm lab}=2-160A $GeV. Thus, this new approach leads to a substantially\ndifferent shape of the $v_2/\\epsilon$ scaling curve as a function of $(1/S\ndN_{ch}/dy)$ in line with the experimental data compared to previous ideal\nhydrodynamic calculations. This hints to a strong influence of the initial\nconditions for the hydrodynamic evolution on the finally observed $v_2$ values,\nthus questioning the standard interpretation that the hydrodynamic limit is\nonly reached at RHIC energies.\n" }, { "id": "3afc494a-6dc0-4e95-b8c4-471b7e572992", "adv_source_id": "3afc494a-6dc0-4e95-b8c4-471b7e572992", "source_id": "3afc494a-6dc0-4e95-b8c4-471b7e572992", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Integral identities for a semi-infinite interfacial crack in 2D and 3D\n elasticity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The paper is concerned with the problem of a semi-infinite crack at the\ninterface between two dissimilar elastic half-spaces, loaded by a general\nasymmetrical system of forces distributed along the crack faces. On the basis\nof the weight function approach and the fundamental reciprocal identity (Betti\nformula), we formulate the elasticity problem in terms of singular integral\nequations relating the applied loading and the resulting crack opening. Such\nformulation is fundamental in the theory of elasticity and extensively used to\nsolve several problems in linear elastic fracture mechanics (for instance\nvarious classic crack problems in homogeneous and heterogeneous media). This\nformulation is also crucial in important recent multiphysics applications,\nwhere the elastic problem is coupled with other concurrent physical phenomena.\nA paradigmatic example is hydraulic fracturing, where the elasticity equations\nare coupled with fluid dynamics.\n" }, { "id": "f52b14ea-fbd3-4c99-8f03-8f69d93c7f25", "adv_source_id": "f52b14ea-fbd3-4c99-8f03-8f69d93c7f25", "source_id": "f52b14ea-fbd3-4c99-8f03-8f69d93c7f25", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Polynomial functors from Algebras over a set-operad and non-linear\n Mackey functors", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we give a description of polynomial functors from (finitely\ngenerated free) groups to abelian groups in terms of non-linear Mackey functors\ngeneralizing those given in a paper of Baues-Dreckmann-Franjou-Pirashvili\npublished in 2001. This description is a consequence of our two main results: a\ndescription of functors from (fi nitely generated free) P-algebras (for P a\nset-operad) to abelian groups in terms of non-linear Mackey functors and the\nisomorphism between polynomial functors on (finitely generated free) monoids\nand those on (finitely generated free) groups. Polynomial functors from\n(finitely generated free) P-algebras to abelian groups and from (finitely\ngenerated free) groups to abelian groups are described explicitely by their\ncross-e ffects and maps relating them which satisfy a list of relations.\n" }, { "id": "98c0dca0-d385-43f4-80b7-2505eaf7be9e", "adv_source_id": "98c0dca0-d385-43f4-80b7-2505eaf7be9e", "source_id": "98c0dca0-d385-43f4-80b7-2505eaf7be9e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Symmetry of Information: A Closer Look", "prompt": null, "generation": " Symmetry of information establishes a relation between the information that x\nhas about y (denoted I(x : y)) and the information that y has about x (denoted\nI(y : x)). In classical information theory, the two are exactly equal, but in\nalgorithmical information theory, there is a small excess quantity of\ninformation that differentiates the two terms, caused by the necessity of\npackaging information in a way that makes it accessible to algorithms. It was\nshown in [Zim11] that in the case of strings with simple complexity (that is\nthe Kolmogorov complexity of their Kolmogorov complexity is small), the\nrelevant information can be packed in a very economical way, which leads to a\ntighter relation between I(x : y) and I(y : x) than the one provided in the\nclassical symmetry-of-information theorem of Kolmogorov and Levin. We give here\na simpler proof of this result, using a suggestion of Alexander Shen. This\nresult implies a van Lambalgen- type theorem for finite strings and plain\ncomplexity: If x is c-random and y is c-random relative to x, then xy is\nO(c)-random. We show that a similar result holds for prefix-free complexity and\nweak-K-randomness.\n" }, { "id": "ca367a62-a61e-4700-bbc6-f4deb90139e6", "adv_source_id": "ca367a62-a61e-4700-bbc6-f4deb90139e6", "source_id": "ca367a62-a61e-4700-bbc6-f4deb90139e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "SUSY Ward identities, Superamplitudes, and Counterterms", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ward identities of SUSY and R-symmetry relate n-point amplitudes in\nsupersymmetric theories. We review recent work in which these Ward identities\nare solved in N=4 SYM and N=8 supergravity. The solution, valid at both tree\nand loop level, expresses any (Next-to)^K MHV superamplitude in terms of a\nbasis of ordinary amplitudes. Basis amplitudes are classified by semi-standard\ntableaux of rectangular N-by-K Young diagrams. The SUSY Ward identities also\nimpose constraints on the matrix elements of candidate ultraviolet counterterms\nin N=8 supergravity, and they can be studied using superamplitude basis\nexpansions. This leads to a novel and quite comprehensive matrix element\napproach to counterterms, which we also review. This article is an invited\nreview for a special issue of Journal of Physics A devoted to \"Scattering\nAmplitudes in Gauge Theories\".\n" }, { "id": "8ef04384-98a2-405f-bbb8-3037a0015ffd", "adv_source_id": "8ef04384-98a2-405f-bbb8-3037a0015ffd", "source_id": "8ef04384-98a2-405f-bbb8-3037a0015ffd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A brief review on the Problem of Divergence in Krein Space Quantization", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we have a brief review on the problem of divergence in quantum\nfield theory and its elimination using the method of Krein space quantization.\nIn this method, the auxiliary negative frequency states have been utilized, the\nmodes of which do not interact with the physical states and are not affected by\nthe physical boundary conditions. It is remarkable that Krein space\nquantization is similar to Pauli-Villars regularization, so we can call it the\n\"Krein regularization\". Considering the QED in Krein space quantization, it\ncould be shown that the theory is automatically regularized. Calculation of the\nthree primitive divergent integrals, the vacuum polarization, electron self\nenergy and vertex function using Krein space method leads to finite values,\nsince the infrared and ultraviolet divergencies do not appear. For another\nexample, the Casimir stress on a spherical shell in de Sitter spacetime for a\nmassless scalar field could be calculated using Krein space quantization.\n" }, { "id": "38da2ccc-4892-46ed-951b-5bf7d2d3ddcd", "adv_source_id": "38da2ccc-4892-46ed-951b-5bf7d2d3ddcd", "source_id": "38da2ccc-4892-46ed-951b-5bf7d2d3ddcd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Approximate Decoding Approaches for Network Coded Correlated Data", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper considers a framework where data from correlated sources are\ntransmitted with help of network coding in ad-hoc network topologies. The\ncorrelated data are encoded independently at sensors and network coding is\nemployed in the intermediate nodes in order to improve the data delivery\nperformance. In such settings, we focus on the problem of reconstructing the\nsources at decoder when perfect decoding is not possible due to losses or\nbandwidth bottlenecks. We first show that the source data similarity can be\nused at decoder to permit decoding based on a novel and simple approximate\ndecoding scheme. We analyze the influence of the network coding parameters and\nin particular the size of finite coding fields on the decoding performance. We\nfurther determine the optimal field size that maximizes the expected decoding\nperformance as a trade-off between information loss incurred by limiting the\nresolution of the source data and the error probability in the reconstructed\ndata. Moreover, we show that the performance of the approximate decoding\nimproves when the accuracy of the source model increases even with simple\napproximate decoding techniques. We provide illustrative examples about the\npossible of our algorithms that can be deployed in sensor networks and\ndistributed imaging applications. In both cases, the experimental results\nconfirm the validity of our analysis and demonstrate the benefits of our low\ncomplexity solution for delivery of correlated data sources.\n" }, { "id": "9920c264-3553-49ee-91d0-a67741ef8f61", "adv_source_id": "9920c264-3553-49ee-91d0-a67741ef8f61", "source_id": "9920c264-3553-49ee-91d0-a67741ef8f61", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Long-term Evolution of Sunspot Magnetic Fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " Independent of the normal solar cycle, a decrease in the sunspot magnetic\nfield strength has been observed using the Zeeman-split 1564.8nm Fe I spectral\nline at the NSO Kitt Peak McMath-Pierce telescope. Corresponding changes in\nsunspot brightness and the strength of molecular absorption lines were also\nseen. This trend was seen to continue in observations of the first sunspots of\nthe new solar Cycle 24, and extrapolating a linear fit to this trend would lead\nto only half the number of spots in Cycle 24 compared to Cycle 23, and imply\nvirtually no sunspots in Cycle 25.\n We examined synoptic observations from the NSO Kitt Peak Vacuum Telescope and\ninitially (with 4000 spots) found a change in sunspot brightness which roughly\nagreed with the infrared observations. A more detailed examination (with 13,000\nspots) of both spot brightness and line-of-sight magnetic flux reveals that the\nrelationship of the sunspot magnetic fields with spot brightness and size\nremain constant during the solar cycle. There are only small temporal\nvariations in the spot brightness, size, and line-of-sight flux seen in this\nlarger sample. Because of the apparent disagreement between the two data sets,\nwe discuss how the infrared spectral line provides a uniquely direct\nmeasurement of the magnetic fields in sunspots.\n" }, { "id": "92c53fac-a44d-4b51-ac3f-81ddf703c674", "adv_source_id": "92c53fac-a44d-4b51-ac3f-81ddf703c674", "source_id": "92c53fac-a44d-4b51-ac3f-81ddf703c674", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ultra-high neutrino fluxes as a probe for non-standard physics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We examine how light neutrinos coming from distant active galactic nuclei\n(AGN) and similar high energy sources may be used as tools to probe\nnon-standard physics. In particular we discuss how studying the energy spectra\nof each neutrino flavour coming from such distant sources and their distortion\nrelative to each other may serve as pointers to exotic physics such as neutrino\ndecay, Lorentz symmetry violation, pseudo-Dirac effects, CP and CPT violation\nand quantum decoherence. This allows us to probe hitherto unexplored ranges of\nparameters for the above cases, for example lifetimes in the range $\n10^{-3}-10^{4} $ s/eV for the case of neutrino decay. We show that standard\nneutrino oscillations ensure that the different flavours arrive at the earth\nwith similar shapes even if their flavour spectra at source may differ strongly\nin both shape and magnitude. As a result, observed differences between the\nspectra of various flavours at the detector would be signatures of non-standard\nphysics altering neutrino fluxes during propagation rather than those arising\nduring their production at source. Since detection of ultra-high energy (UHE)\nneutrinos is perhaps imminent, it is possible that such differences in spectral\nshapes will be tested in neutrino detectors in the near future. To that end,\nusing the IceCube detector as an example, we show how our results translate to\nobservable shower and muon-track event rates.\n" }, { "id": "5d3d0b3f-d8f1-46bd-9705-6cce6504e47f", "adv_source_id": "5d3d0b3f-d8f1-46bd-9705-6cce6504e47f", "source_id": "5d3d0b3f-d8f1-46bd-9705-6cce6504e47f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thermodynamics of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we develop a quantum field approach to reveal the thermodynamic\nproperties of the trapped BEC with the equal Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit\ncouplings. In the experimentally-feasible regime, the phase transition from the\nseparate phase to the single minimum phase can be well driven by the tunable\ntemperature. Moreover, the critical temperature, which is independent of the\ntrapped potential, can be derived exactly. At the critical point, the specific\nheat has a large jump and can be thus regarded as a promising candidate to\ndetect this temperature-driven phase transition. In addition, we obtain the\nanalytical expressions for the specific heat and the entropy in the different\nphases. In the single minimum phase, the specific heat as well as the entropy\nare governed only by the Rabi frequency. However, in the separate phase with\nlower temperature, we find that they are determined only by the strength of\nspin-orbit coupling. Finally, the effect of the effective atom interaction is\nalso addressed. In the separate phase, this effective atom interaction affects\ndramatically on the critical temperature and the corresponding thermodynamic\nproperties.\n" }, { "id": "7ebdf759-54c5-49e8-85db-95819fa95bbd", "adv_source_id": "7ebdf759-54c5-49e8-85db-95819fa95bbd", "source_id": "7ebdf759-54c5-49e8-85db-95819fa95bbd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement versus mutual information in quantum spin chains", "prompt": null, "generation": " The quantum entanglement $E$ of a bipartite quantum Ising chain is compared\nwith the mutual information $I$ between the two parts after a local measurement\nof the classical spin configuration. As the model is conformally invariant, the\nentanglement measured in its ground state at the critical point is known to\nobey a certain scaling form. Surprisingly, the mutual information of classical\nspin configurations is found to obey the same scaling form, although with a\ndifferent prefactor. Moreover, we find that mutual information and the\nentanglement obey the inequality $I\\leq E$ in the ground state as well as in a\ndynamically evolving situation. This inequality holds for general bipartite\nsystems in a pure state and can be proven using similar techniques as for\nHolevo's bound.\n" }, { "id": "fcf98747-e7ab-4268-9c8b-c1e2bb47a655", "adv_source_id": "fcf98747-e7ab-4268-9c8b-c1e2bb47a655", "source_id": "fcf98747-e7ab-4268-9c8b-c1e2bb47a655", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Diameter Perfect Lee Codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Lee codes have been intensively studied for more than 40 years. Interest in\nthese codes has been triggered by the Golomb-Welch conjecture on the existence\nof the perfect error-correcting Lee codes. In this paper we deal with the\nexistence and enumeration of diameter perfect Lee codes. As main results we\ndetermine all $q$ for which there exists a linear diameter-4 perfect Lee code\nof word length $n$ over $Z_{q},$ and prove that for each $n\\geq 3$ there are\nuncountable many diameter-4 perfect Lee codes of word length $n$ over $Z.$ This\nis in a strict contrast with perfect error-correcting Lee codes of word length\n$n$ over $Z\\,$\\ as there is a unique such code for $n=3,$ and its is\nconjectured that this is always the case when $2n+1$ is a prime. We produce\ndiameter perfect Lee codes by an algebraic construction that is based on a\ngroup homomorphism. This will allow us to design an efficient algorithm for\ntheir decoding. We hope that this construction will turn out to be useful far\nbeyond the scope of this paper.\n" }, { "id": "c7ae8396-240c-4ab7-b580-99de8e91a7d4", "adv_source_id": "c7ae8396-240c-4ab7-b580-99de8e91a7d4", "source_id": "c7ae8396-240c-4ab7-b580-99de8e91a7d4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of Very-High Energy Gamma-Rays from the BL Lac Object PG\n 1553+113 with the MAGIC Telescope", "prompt": null, "generation": " The MAGIC telescope has observed very-high energy gamma-ray emission from the\nBL Lac object PG 1553+113 in 2005 and 2006 at an overall significance is 8.8\nsigma. The light curve shows no significant flux variations on a daily\ntimescale. The flux level during 2005 was, however, significantly higher as\ncompared to 2006. The differential energy spectrum between approx. 90 GeV and\n500 GeV is well described by a power law with a spectral index of -4.2+-0.3.\nThe photon energy spectrum and spectral modeling allow to pose upper limits of\nz=0.74 and z=0.56, respectively, on the yet undetermined redshift of PG\n1553+113. Recent VLT observations of this blazar show featureless spectra in\nthe near-IR, thus no direct redshift could be determined from these\nmeasurements.\n" }, { "id": "eeefb3ec-485b-4ef0-9e3b-fb040e3592b3", "adv_source_id": "eeefb3ec-485b-4ef0-9e3b-fb040e3592b3", "source_id": "eeefb3ec-485b-4ef0-9e3b-fb040e3592b3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A CO Line and Infrared Continuum Study of the Active Star-Forming\n Complex W51", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the results of an extensive observational study of the active\nstar-forming complex W51 that was observed in the J=2-1 transition of the 12CO\nand 13CO molecules over a 1.25 deg x 1.00 deg region with the University of\nArizona Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope. We use a statistical\nequilibrium code to estimate physical properties of the molecular gas. We\ncompare the molecular cloud morphology with the distribution of infrared (IR)\nand radio continuum sources, and find associations between molecular clouds and\nyoung stellar objects (YSOs) listed in Spitzer IR catalogs. The ratios of CO\nlines associated with HII regions are different from the ratios outside the\nactive star-forming regions. We present evidence of star formation triggered by\nthe expansion of the HII regions and by cloud-cloud collisions. We estimate\nthat about 1% of the cloud mass is currently in YSOs.\n" }, { "id": "a2918178-37fc-4c36-863d-7057a42978e9", "adv_source_id": "a2918178-37fc-4c36-863d-7057a42978e9", "source_id": "a2918178-37fc-4c36-863d-7057a42978e9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collapse of antiferromagnetism in CeRh2Si2 : volume versus entropy", "prompt": null, "generation": " The thermal expansion of the heavy fermion compound CeRh2Si2 has been\nmeasured under pressure as a function of temperature using strain gages. A\nlarge anomaly associated to the Neel temperature has been detected even above\nthe suspected critical pressure Pc = 1.05 GPa where no indication of\nantiferromagnetism has been observed in calorimetry experiments sensitive to\nthe entropy change. An unexpected feature is the pressure slowdown of the\nantiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition by comparison to the fast pressure\ncollapse predicted for homogeneous first order quantum phase transition with\none unique pressure singularity at Pc. A large pressure dependance is observed\nin the anisotropy of the thermal expansion measured parallel or perpendicular\nto the c axis of this tetragonal crystal. The Fermi surface reconstruction\nassociated to the first order transition produces quite different pressure\nresponse in the transport scattering measured along different crystallographic\ndirections. A brief discussion is made on other examples of first order quantum\ntransitions in strongly correlated electronic systems : MnSi and CeCoIn5.\n" }, { "id": "c541d23e-0a14-4400-9f8a-5d66c6363c41", "adv_source_id": "c541d23e-0a14-4400-9f8a-5d66c6363c41", "source_id": "c541d23e-0a14-4400-9f8a-5d66c6363c41", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Shaping a time-dependent excitation to control the electron distribution\n function: noise minimization in a tunnel junction", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report measurements of shot noise in a tunnel junction under bi-harmonic\nillumination, Vac(t) = Vac1 cos(2\\pi ft) + Vac2 cos(4\\pi ft+ \\phi). The\nexperiment is performed in the quantum regime, hf >> k_BT at low temperature T\n= 70 mK and high frequency f = 10 GHz. From the measurement of noise at low\nfrequency, we show that we can infer and control the non-equilibrium electronic\ndistribution function by adjusting the amplitudes and phase of the excitation,\nthus modeling its shape. In particular, we observe that the noise depends not\nonly on the amplitude of the two sine waves but also on their relative phase,\ndue to coherent emission/absorption of photons at different frequencies. By\nshaping the excitation we can minimize the noise of the junction, which no\nlonger reaches its minimum at zero dc bias. We show that adding an excitation\nat frequency 2f with the proper amplitude and phase can reduce the noise of the\njunction excited at frequency f only.\n" }, { "id": "059dcf58-962c-43bc-b6e5-053ddc4727cf", "adv_source_id": "059dcf58-962c-43bc-b6e5-053ddc4727cf", "source_id": "059dcf58-962c-43bc-b6e5-053ddc4727cf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kernel-based aggregation of marker-level genetic association tests\n involving copy-number variation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Genetic association tests involving copy-number variants (CNVs) are\ncomplicated by the fact that CNVs span multiple markers at which measurements\nare taken. The power of an association test at a single marker is typically\nlow, and it is desirable to pool information across the markers spanned by the\nCNV. However, CNV boundaries are not known in advance, and the best way to\nproceed with this pooling is unclear. In this article, we propose a\nkernel-based method for aggregation of marker-level tests and explore several\naspects of its implementation. In addition, we explore some of the theoretical\naspects of marker-level test aggregation, proposing a permutation-based\napproach that preserves the family-wise error rate of the testing procedure,\nwhile demonstrating that several simpler alternatives fail to do so. The\nempirical power of the approach is studied in a number of simulations\nconstructed from real data involving a pharmacogenomic study of gemcitabine,\nand compares favorably with several competing approaches.\n" }, { "id": "5c9b6f9c-fa3c-4b0b-90f3-f2579a969882", "adv_source_id": "5c9b6f9c-fa3c-4b0b-90f3-f2579a969882", "source_id": "5c9b6f9c-fa3c-4b0b-90f3-f2579a969882", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Subproduct systems over N$\\times$N", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop the theory of subproduct systems over the monoid $\\mathbb{N}\\times\n\\mathbb{N}$, and the non-self-adjoint operator algebras associated with them.\nThese are double sequences of Hilbert spaces $\\{X(m,n)\\}_{m,n=0}^\\infty$\nequipped with a multiplication given by coisometries from $X(i,j)\\otimes\nX(k,l)$ to $X(i+k, j+l)$. We find that the character space of the norm-closed\nalgebra generated by left multiplication operators (the tensor algebra) is\nhomeomorphic to a Euclidean homogeneous algebraic variety intersected with a\nunit ball. Certain conditions are isolated under which subproduct systems whose\ntensor algebras are isomorphic must be isomorphic themselves. In the absence of\nthese conditions, we show that two numerical invariants must agree on such\nsubproduct systems. Additionally, we classify the subproduct systems over\n$\\mathbb{N}\\times \\mathbb{N}$ by means of ideals in algebras of non-commutative\npolynomials.\n" }, { "id": "80f70e66-dffe-46e5-a78b-58616b307783", "adv_source_id": "80f70e66-dffe-46e5-a78b-58616b307783", "source_id": "80f70e66-dffe-46e5-a78b-58616b307783", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Intriguing sets of partial quadrangles", "prompt": null, "generation": " The point-line geometry known as a \\textit{partial quadrangle} (introduced by\nCameron in 1975) has the property that for every point/line non-incident pair\n$(P,\\ell)$, there is at most one line through $P$ concurrent with $\\ell$. So in\nparticular, the well-studied objects known as \\textit{generalised quadrangles}\nare each partial quadrangles. An \\textit{intriguing set} of a generalised\nquadrangle is a set of points which induces an equitable partition of size two\nof the underlying strongly regular graph. We extend the theory of intriguing\nsets of generalised quadrangles by Bamberg, Law and Penttila to partial\nquadrangles, which surprisingly gives insight into the structure of hemisystems\nand other intriguing sets of generalised quadrangles.\n" }, { "id": "90365cdd-db8c-4587-9e23-c23c8390a0e5", "adv_source_id": "90365cdd-db8c-4587-9e23-c23c8390a0e5", "source_id": "90365cdd-db8c-4587-9e23-c23c8390a0e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Monte Carlo Algorithms For Reduced Lattices, Mixed Actions, And\n Double-Trace Deformations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct efficient Monte Carlo updating algorithms for two classes of\npure SU(N) lattice gauge actions with non-linear dependence on the link\nvariables. Our construction generalises the method of auxiliary variables used\nby Fabricius and Haan in the framework of Eguchi-Kawai models. We first review\nthe original Fabricius-Haan method of constructing a pseudo-heatbath algorithm\nfor fully reduced models, and discuss its extension to lattices with any number\nof reduced directions. We then use a similar method to construct updating\nalgorithms for generic SU(N) mixed Wilson actions. We construct explicit\nexamples of algorithms for Wilson actions whose plaquettes are in an\nirreducible representation of SU(N) with N-ality up to 3. We also construct\nupdating algorithms for the lattice version of centre-stabilised SU(N)\nYang-Mills theories defined on R^{d-1} x S^1, including the case of a fully\nreduced compact direction. We simulate the new algorithms and show that they\nare, in general, significantly more efficient than their Metropolis\ncounterparts.\n" }, { "id": "088ba8ba-4913-4191-b782-9d9b6ed4068b", "adv_source_id": "088ba8ba-4913-4191-b782-9d9b6ed4068b", "source_id": "088ba8ba-4913-4191-b782-9d9b6ed4068b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On a spectral sequence for twisted cohomologies", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let ($\\Omega^{\\ast}(M), d$) be the de Rham cochain complex for a smooth\ncompact closed manifolds $M$ of dimension $n$. For an odd-degree closed form\n$H$, there are a twisted de Rham cochain complex $(\\Omega^{\\ast}(M),\nd+H_\\wedge)$ and its associated twisted de Rham cohomology $H^*(M,H)$. We show\nthat there exists a spectral sequence $\\{E^{p, q}_r, d_r\\}$ derived from the\nfiltration $F_p(\\Omega^{\\ast}(M))=\\bigoplus_{i\\geq p}\\Omega^i(M)$ of\n$\\Omega^{\\ast}(M)$, which converges to the twisted de Rham cohomology\n$H^*(M,H)$. We also show that the differentials in the spectral sequence can be\ngiven in terms of cup products and specific elements of Massey products as\nwell, which generalizes a result of Atiyah and Segal. Some results about the\nindeterminacy of differentials are also given in this paper.\n" }, { "id": "f956dfac-a3a4-41c4-9076-8b572e753e45", "adv_source_id": "f956dfac-a3a4-41c4-9076-8b572e753e45", "source_id": "f956dfac-a3a4-41c4-9076-8b572e753e45", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlinear energy harvesting", "prompt": null, "generation": " Ambient energy harvesting has been in recent years the recurring object of a\nnumber of research efforts aimed at providing an autonomous solution to the\npowering of small-scale electronic mobile devices. Among the different\nsolutions, vibration energy harvesting has played a major role due to the\nalmost universal presence of mechanical vibrations: from ground shaking to\nhuman movements, from ambient sound to thermal noise. Standard approaches are\nmainly based on resonant linear oscillators that are acted on by ambient\nvibrations. Here we propose a new method based on the exploitation of the\ndynamical features of stochastic nonlinear oscillators. Such a method is shown\nto outperform standard linear oscillators and to overcome some of the most\nsevere limitations of present approaches, like narrow bandwidth, need for\ncontinuous frequency tuning and low efficiency. We demonstrate the superior\nperformances of this method by applying it to piezoelectric energy harvesting\nfrom ambient vibration. Experimental results from a toy-model oscillator are\ndescribed in terms of nonlinear stochastic dynamics. We prove that the method\nproposed here is quite general in principle and could be applied to a wide\nclass of nonlinear oscillators and different energy conversion principles.\nThere are also potentials for realizing micro/nano-scale power generators.\n" }, { "id": "61f0cedc-5054-4c21-b0cf-11ae0c3f5968", "adv_source_id": "61f0cedc-5054-4c21-b0cf-11ae0c3f5968", "source_id": "61f0cedc-5054-4c21-b0cf-11ae0c3f5968", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ordered Landmarks in Planning", "prompt": null, "generation": " Many known planning tasks have inherent constraints concerning the best order\nin which to achieve the goals. A number of research efforts have been made to\ndetect such constraints and to use them for guiding search, in the hope of\nspeeding up the planning process. We go beyond the previous approaches by\nconsidering ordering constraints not only over the (top-level) goals, but also\nover the sub-goals that will necessarily arise during planning. Landmarks are\nfacts that must be true at some point in every valid solution plan. We extend\nKoehler and Hoffmann's definition of reasonable orders between top level goals\nto the more general case of landmarks. We show how landmarks can be found, how\ntheir reasonable orders can be approximated, and how this information can be\nused to decompose a given planning task into several smaller sub-tasks. Our\nmethodology is completely domain- and planner-independent. The implementation\ndemonstrates that the approach can yield significant runtime performance\nimprovements when used as a control loop around state-of-the-art sub-optimal\nplanning systems, as exemplified by FF and LPG.\n" }, { "id": "c3feb060-71cb-464c-8237-d4b256c49980", "adv_source_id": "c3feb060-71cb-464c-8237-d4b256c49980", "source_id": "c3feb060-71cb-464c-8237-d4b256c49980", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Segal-Bargmann transform for compact quotients of symmetric spaces\n of the complex type", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let G/K be a Riemannian symmetric space of the complex type, meaning that G\nis complex semisimple and K is a compact real form. Now let {\\Gamma} be a\ndiscrete subgroup of G that acts freely and cocompactly on G/K. We consider the\nSegal--Bargmann transform, defined in terms of the heat equation, on the\ncompact quotient {\\Gamma}\\G/K. We obtain isometry and inversion formulas\nprecisely parallel to the results we obtained previously for globally symmetric\nspaces of the complex type. Our results are as parallel as possible to the\nresults one has in the dual compact case. Since there is no known Gutzmer\nformula in this setting, our proofs make use of double coset integrals and a\nholomorphic change of variable.\n" }, { "id": "b3d7bd0f-3270-4449-987f-bab27cff46e8", "adv_source_id": "b3d7bd0f-3270-4449-987f-bab27cff46e8", "source_id": "b3d7bd0f-3270-4449-987f-bab27cff46e8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Sigma-model approaches to exact solutions in higher-dimensional gravity\n and supergravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " Classical gravitating field theories reduced to three dimensions admit\nmanifest gauge invariances and hidden symmetries, which together make up the\ninvariance group G of the theory. If this group is large enough, the target\nspace is a symmetric space G/H. New solutions may be generated by the action of\ninvariance transformations on a seed solution. Another application is the\nconstruction of multicenter solutions from null geodesics of the target space.\nAfter a general introduction on this sigma-model approach, I will discuss the\ncase of five-dimensional gravity, with invariace group SL(3,R), and minimal\nfive-dimensional supergravity, with invariance group G_{2(2)}. I will also\ndescribe recent attempts at the generation of new charged rotating black rings.\n" }, { "id": "c8391098-8bbb-4560-81c2-873682397efb", "adv_source_id": "c8391098-8bbb-4560-81c2-873682397efb", "source_id": "c8391098-8bbb-4560-81c2-873682397efb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Protostar Mass Due to Infall and Dispersal", "prompt": null, "generation": " The mass of a protostar is calculated from the infall and dispersal of an\nisothermal sphere in a uniform background. For high contrast between peak and\nbackground densities and for short dispersal time t_d, the accretion is\n\"self-limiting\": gas beyond the core is dispersed before it accretes, and the\nprotostar mass approaches a time-independent value of low mass. For lower\ndensity contrast and longer dispersal time, the accretion \"runs away\": gas\naccretes from beyond the core, and the protostar mass approaches massive star\nvalues. The final protostar mass is approximately the initial gas mass whose\nfree-fall time equals t_d. This mass matches the peak of the IMF for gas\ntemperature 10 K, peak and background densities 10^6 and 10^3 cm^-3, and for\nt_d comparable to the core free-fall time t_core. The accretion luminosity\nexceeds 1 L-Sun for 0.1 Myr, as in the \"Class 0\" phase. For t_d/t_core=0.4-0.8\nand temperature 7-50 K, self-limiting protostar masses are 0.08-5 M-Sun. These\nprotostar and core masses have ratio 0.4 +- 0.2, as expected if the core mass\ndistribution and the IMF have the same shape.\n" }, { "id": "17368ba8-d903-443a-8b29-9045ccb91a83", "adv_source_id": "17368ba8-d903-443a-8b29-9045ccb91a83", "source_id": "17368ba8-d903-443a-8b29-9045ccb91a83", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Program Size and Temperature in Self-Assembly", "prompt": null, "generation": " Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) is a model of molecular\nself-assembly of DNA complexes known as tiles, which float freely in solution\nand attach one at a time to a growing \"seed\" assembly based on specific binding\nsites on their four sides. We show that there is a polynomial-time algorithm\nthat, given an n x n square, finds the minimal tile system (i.e., the system\nwith the smallest number of distinct tile types) that uniquely self-assembles\nthe square, answering an open question of Adleman, Cheng, Goel, Huang, Kempe,\nMoisset de Espanes, and Rothemund (\"Combinatorial Optimization Problems in\nSelf-Assembly\", STOC 2002). Our investigation leading to this algorithm reveals\nother positive and negative results about the relationship between the size of\na tile system and its \"temperature\" (the binding strength threshold required\nfor a tile to attach).\n" }, { "id": "40e23f3b-4cf8-4d99-a375-8a88e08140d9", "adv_source_id": "40e23f3b-4cf8-4d99-a375-8a88e08140d9", "source_id": "40e23f3b-4cf8-4d99-a375-8a88e08140d9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Distance Maps and Plant Development #2: Facilitated Transport and\n Uniform Gradient", "prompt": null, "generation": " The principles underlying plant development are extended to allow a more\nmolecular mechanism to elaborate the schema by which ground cells differentiate\ninto vascular cells. Biophysical considerations dictate that linear dynamics\nare not sufficent to capture facilitated auxin transport (e.g., through PIN).\nWe group these transport facilitators into a non-linear model under the\nassumption that they attempt to minimize certain {\\em differences} of auxin\nconcentration. This Constant Gradient Hypothesis greatly increases the\ndescriptive power of our model to include complex dynamical behaviour.\nSpecifically, we show how the early pattern of PIN1 expression appears in the\nembryo, how the leaf primordium emerges, how convergence points arise on the\nleaf margin, how the first loop is formed, and how the intricate pattern of PIN\nshifts during the early establishment of vein patterns in incipient leaves of\nArabidopsis. Given our results, we submit that the model provides evidence that\nmany of the salient structural characteristics that have been described at\nvarious stages of plant development can arise from the uniform application of a\nsmall number of abstract principles.\n" }, { "id": "05530b68-8c57-4a5b-8134-6fdf529722ef", "adv_source_id": "05530b68-8c57-4a5b-8134-6fdf529722ef", "source_id": "05530b68-8c57-4a5b-8134-6fdf529722ef", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global phase portrait of a SIS model", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, we can find\nmany papers whose objective is the classification of all the possible\ntopological phase portraits of a given family of differential system. Most of\nthe studies rely on systems with real parameters and the study consists of\noutlining their phase portraits by finding out some conditions on the\nparameters. Here, we studied a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model\ndescribed by the differential system $\\dot{x}=-bxy-mx+cy+mk$,\n$\\dot{y}=bxy-(m+c)y$, where $b$, $c$, $k$, $m$ are real parameters with $b \\neq\n0$, $m \\neq 0$ (see Brauer (2002). Such system describes an infectious disease\nfrom which infected people recover with immunity against reinfection. The\nintegrability of such system has already been studied by Nucci and Leach (2004)\nand Llibre and Valls (2008). We found out two different topological classes of\nphase portraits.\n" }, { "id": "7289e00e-7dc0-49d0-9199-80d1d42771b7", "adv_source_id": "7289e00e-7dc0-49d0-9199-80d1d42771b7", "source_id": "7289e00e-7dc0-49d0-9199-80d1d42771b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ergodicity of the $\\Delta_3$ statistic and purity of neutron resonance\n data", "prompt": null, "generation": " The $\\Delta_3(L)$ statistic characterizes the fluctuations of the number of\nlevels as a function of the length of the spectral interval. It is studied as a\npossible tool to indicate the regular or chaotic nature of underlying dynamics,\ndetect missing levels and the mixing of sequences of levels of different\nsymmetry, particularly in neutron resonance data. The relation between the\nensemble average and the average over different fragments of a given\nrealization of spectra is considered. A useful expression for the variance of\n$\\Delta_3(L)$ which accounts for finite sample size is discussed. An analysis\nof neutron resonance data presents the results consistent with a maximum\nlikelihood method applied to the level spacing distribution.\n" }, { "id": "7146d824-a3b8-4ffa-a6a2-362e0707c988", "adv_source_id": "7146d824-a3b8-4ffa-a6a2-362e0707c988", "source_id": "7146d824-a3b8-4ffa-a6a2-362e0707c988", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Braid group actions on coideal subalgebras of quantized enveloping\n algebras", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct braid group actions on coideal subalgebras of quantized\nenveloping algebras which appear in the theory of quantum symmetric pairs. In\nparticular, we construct an action of the semidirect product of Z^n and the\nclassical braid group in n strands on the coideal subalgebra corresponding to\nthe symmetric pair (sl_{2n}(C), sp_{2n}(C)). This proves a conjecture by Molev\nand Ragoucy. We expect similar actions to exist for all symmetric Lie algebras.\nThe given actions are inspired by Lusztig's braid group action on quantized\nenveloping algebras and are defined explicitly on generators. Braid group and\nalgebra relations are verified with the help of the package Quagroup within the\ncomputer algebra program GAP.\n" }, { "id": "8a561f7f-3d59-4fc2-809f-244f94b5c845", "adv_source_id": "8a561f7f-3d59-4fc2-809f-244f94b5c845", "source_id": "8a561f7f-3d59-4fc2-809f-244f94b5c845", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Markovian Dynamics on Complex Reaction Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Complex networks, comprised of individual elements that interact with each\nother through reaction channels, are ubiquitous across many scientific and\nengineering disciplines. Examples include biochemical, pharmacokinetic,\nepidemiological, ecological, social, neural, and multi-agent networks. A common\napproach to modeling such networks is by a master equation that governs the\ndynamic evolution of the joint probability mass function of the underling\npopulation process and naturally leads to Markovian dynamics for such process.\nDue however to the nonlinear nature of most reactions, the computation and\nanalysis of the resulting stochastic population dynamics is a difficult task.\nThis review article provides a coherent and comprehensive coverage of recently\ndeveloped approaches and methods to tackle this problem. After reviewing a\ngeneral framework for modeling Markovian reaction networks and giving specific\nexamples, the authors present numerical and computational techniques capable of\nevaluating or approximating the solution of the master equation, discuss a\nrecently developed approach for studying the stationary behavior of Markovian\nreaction networks using a potential energy landscape perspective, and provide\nan introduction to the emerging theory of thermodynamic analysis of such\nnetworks. Three representative problems of opinion formation, transcription\nregulation, and neural network dynamics are used as illustrative examples.\n" }, { "id": "ca6641e5-a0e0-41d2-9b37-f54daa733e1a", "adv_source_id": "ca6641e5-a0e0-41d2-9b37-f54daa733e1a", "source_id": "ca6641e5-a0e0-41d2-9b37-f54daa733e1a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Real extensions of distal minimal flows and continuous topological\n ergodic decompositions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove a structure theorem for topologically recurrent real skew product\nextensions of distal minimal compact metric flows with a compactly generated\nAbelian acting group (e.g. $\\Z^d$-flows and $\\R^d$-flows). The main result\nstates that every such extension apart from a coboundary can be represented by\na perturbation of a so-called Rokhlin skew product. We obtain as a corollary\nthat the topological ergodic decomposition of the skew product extension into\nprolongations is continuous and compact with respect to the Fell topology on\nthe hyperspace. The right translation acts minimally on this decomposition,\ntherefore providing a minimal compact metric analogue to the Mackey action.\nThis topological Mackey action is a distal (possibly trivial) extension of a\nweakly mixing factor (possibly trivial), and it is distal if and only if\nperturbation of the Rokhlin skew product is defined by a topological\ncoboundary.\n" }, { "id": "9411136b-0452-49c3-bd94-b884d63db23b", "adv_source_id": "9411136b-0452-49c3-bd94-b884d63db23b", "source_id": "9411136b-0452-49c3-bd94-b884d63db23b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Maximum Flux Transition Paths of Conformational Change", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given two metastable states A and B of a biomolecular system, the problem is\nto calculate the likely paths of the transition from A to B. Such a calculation\nis more informative and more manageable if done for a reduced set of collective\nvariables chosen so that paths cluster in collective variable space. The\ncomputational task becomes that of computing the \"center\" of such a cluster. A\ngood way to define the center employs the concept of a committor, whose value\nat a point in collective variable space is the probability that a trajectory at\nthat point will reach B before A. The committor \"foliates\" the transition\nregion into a set of isocommittors. The maximum flux transition path is defined\nas a path that crosses each isocommittor at a point which (locally) has the\nhighest crossing rate of distinct reactive trajectories. (This path is\ndifferent from that of the MaxFlux method of Huo and Straub.) It is argued that\nsuch a path is nearer to an ideal path than others that have been proposed with\nthe possible exception of the finite-temperature string method path. To make\nthe calculation tractable, three approximations are introduced, yielding a path\nthat is the solution of a nonsingular two-point boundary-value problem. For\nsuch a problem, one can construct a simple and robust algorithm. One such\nalgorithm and its performance is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "9d7194f6-ceef-48e1-a3b6-efc90260a6c7", "adv_source_id": "9d7194f6-ceef-48e1-a3b6-efc90260a6c7", "source_id": "9d7194f6-ceef-48e1-a3b6-efc90260a6c7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Acrylic purification and coatings", "prompt": null, "generation": " Radon (Rn) and its decay daughters are a well-known source of background in\ndirect WIMP detection experiments, as either a Rn decay daughter or an alpha\nparticle emitted from a thin inner surface layer of a detector could produce a\nWIMP-like signal. Different surface treatment and cleaning techniques have been\nemployed in the past to remove this type of contamination. A new method of\ndealing with the problem has been proposed and used for a prototype acrylic\nDEAP-1 detector. Inner surfaces of the detector were coated with a layer of\nultra pure acrylic, meant to shield the active volume from alphas and recoiling\nnuclei. An acrylic purification technique and two coating techniques are\ndescribed: a solvent-borne (tested on DEAP-1) and solvent-less (being developed\nfor the full scale DEAP-3600 detector).\n" }, { "id": "ae94405f-54ed-40be-860e-dbbb0d6a8519", "adv_source_id": "ae94405f-54ed-40be-860e-dbbb0d6a8519", "source_id": "ae94405f-54ed-40be-860e-dbbb0d6a8519", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quasi-Periodic Releases of Streamer Blobs and Velocity Variability of\n the Slow Solar Wind near the Sun", "prompt": null, "generation": " We search for persistent and quasi-periodic release events of streamer blobs\nduring 2007 with the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph on the \\textit{Solar\nand Heliospheric Observatory} and assess the velocity of the slow solar wind\nalong the plasma sheet above the corresponding streamer by measuring the\ndynamic parameters of blobs. We find 10 quasi-periodic release events of\nstreamer blobs lasting for three to four days. In each day of these events, we\nobserve three-five blobs. The results are in line with previous studies using\ndata observed near the last solar minimum. Using the measured blob velocity as\na proxy for that of the mean flow, we suggest that the velocity of the\nbackground slow solar wind near the Sun can vary significantly within a few\nhours. This provides an observational manifestation of the large velocity\nvariability of the slow solar wind near the Sun.\n" }, { "id": "60d2e183-69c8-4125-aca5-e7fee6a9a8cb", "adv_source_id": "60d2e183-69c8-4125-aca5-e7fee6a9a8cb", "source_id": "60d2e183-69c8-4125-aca5-e7fee6a9a8cb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effect of mesoscopic fluctuations on equation of state in\n cluster-forming systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Equation of state for systems with particles self-assembling into aggregates\nis derived within a mesoscopic theory combining density functional and\nfield-theoretic approaches. We focus on the effect of mesoscopic fluctuations\nin the disordered phase. The pressure -- volume fraction isotherms are\ncalculated explicitly for two forms of the short-range attraction long-range\nrepulsion potential. Mesoscopic fluctuations lead to an increased pressure in\neach case, except for very small volume fractions. When large clusters are\nformed, the mechanical instability of the system is present at much higher\ntemperature than found in mean-field approximation. In this case phase\nseparation competes with the formation of periodic phases (colloidal crystals).\nIn the case of small clusters, no mechanical instability associated with\nseparation into dilute and dense phases appears.\n" }, { "id": "ca237d23-5417-4978-8392-405d920ff4b8", "adv_source_id": "ca237d23-5417-4978-8392-405d920ff4b8", "source_id": "ca237d23-5417-4978-8392-405d920ff4b8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Counting lattice points", "prompt": null, "generation": " For a locally compact second countable group G and a lattice subgroup Gamma,\nwe give an explicit quantitative solution of the lattice point counting problem\nin general domains in G, provided that i) G has finite upper local dimension,\nand the domains satisfy a basic regularity condition, ii) the mean ergodic\ntheorem for the action of G on G/Gamma holds, with a rate of convergence. The\nerror term we establish matches the best current result for balls in symmetric\nspaces of simple higher-rank Lie groups, but holds in much greater generality.\nIn addition, it holds uniformly over families of lattices satisfying a uniform\nspectral gap. Applications include counting lattice points in general domains\nin semisimple S-algebraic groups, counting rational points on group varieties\nwith respect to a height function, and quantitative angular (or conical)\nequidistribution of lattice points in symmetric spaces and in affine symmetric\nvarieties. The mean ergodic theorems which we establish are based on spectral\nmethods, including the spectral transfer principle and the Kunze-Stein\nphenomenon. We prove appropriate analogues of both of these results in the\nset-up of adele groups, and they constitute a necessary step in our proof of\nquantitative results in counting rational points.\n" }, { "id": "64b33ca0-17bb-4a9f-80ec-06479c3467b0", "adv_source_id": "64b33ca0-17bb-4a9f-80ec-06479c3467b0", "source_id": "64b33ca0-17bb-4a9f-80ec-06479c3467b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Towards ballistic transport in graphene", "prompt": null, "generation": " Graphene is a fascinating material for exploring fundamental science\nquestions as well as a potential building block for novel electronic\napplications. In order to realize the full potential of this material the\nfabrication techniques of graphene devices, still in their infancy, need to be\nrefined to better isolate the graphene layer from the environment. We present\nresults from a study on the influence of extrinsic factors on the quality of\ngraphene devices including material defects, lithography, doping by metallic\nleads and the substrate. The main finding is that trapped Coulomb scatterers\nassociated with the substrate are the primary factor reducing the quality of\ngraphene devices. A fabrication scheme is proposed to produce high quality\ngraphene devices dependably and reproducibly. In these devices, the transport\nproperties approach theoretical predictions of ballistic transport.\n" }, { "id": "bbdfe7ba-cfb2-4fa2-910c-97d1358e945c", "adv_source_id": "bbdfe7ba-cfb2-4fa2-910c-97d1358e945c", "source_id": "bbdfe7ba-cfb2-4fa2-910c-97d1358e945c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "High speed photometry of faint Cataclysmic Variables - VII. Targets\n selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Catalina Real-time\n Transient Survey", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present high speed photometric observations of 20 faint cataclysmic\nvariables, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Catalina catalogues.\nMeasurements are given of 15 new directly measured orbital periods, including\nfour eclipsing dwarf novae (SDSS0904+03, CSS0826-00, CSS1404-10 and\nCSS1626-12), two new polars (CSS0810+00 and CSS1503-22) and two dwarf novae\nwith superhumps in quiescence (CSS0322+02 and CSS0826-00). Whilst most of the\ndwarf novae presented here have periods below 2 h, SDSS0805+07 and SSS0617-36\nhave relatively long orbital periods of 5.489 and 3.440 h, respectively. The\ndouble humped orbital modulations observed in SSS0221-26, CSS0345-01,\nCSS1300+11 and CSS1443-17 are typical of low mass transfer rate dwarf novae.\nThe white dwarf primary of SDSS0919+08 is confirmed to have non-radial\noscillations and quasi-periodic oscillations were observed in the short-period\ndwarf nova CSS1028-08 during outburst. We further report the detection of a new\nnova-like variable (SDSS1519+06). The frequency distribution of orbital periods\nof CVs in the Catalina survey has a high peak near ~80 min orbital period,\nindependently confirming that found by Gaensicke et al (2009) from SDSS\nsources. We also observe a marked correlation between the median in the orbital\nperiod distribution and the outburst class, in the sense that dwarf novae with\na single observed outburst (over the 5-year baseline of the CRTS coverage)\noccur predominantly at shortest orbital period.\n" }, { "id": "facaf2e1-c919-48df-82e6-f450a9445fc6", "adv_source_id": "facaf2e1-c919-48df-82e6-f450a9445fc6", "source_id": "facaf2e1-c919-48df-82e6-f450a9445fc6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Can dephasing generate non-local spin correlations?", "prompt": null, "generation": " By examining the full counting statistics of a non adiabatic pure spin pump\nwith particular emphasis on the second and third moments, it is shown that\nincoherent or sequential transport, in contrast to coherent transport, can\nchange non-local spin shot noise cross-correlations from being anti-correlated\nto being completely correlated, a truly counterintuitive result. The third\nmoment on the other hand is shown to be much more resilient and its nature\nremains unaltered in incoherent transport regime. However, phenomenologically\nincluding dephasing modifies this picture as both Shot noise and more so the\nthird moment are non-trivially affected. In fact non-local spin correlations\nare completely positive for maximal dephasing.\n" }, { "id": "3a8bc693-d968-4a96-bb8f-6dae6586b058", "adv_source_id": "3a8bc693-d968-4a96-bb8f-6dae6586b058", "source_id": "3a8bc693-d968-4a96-bb8f-6dae6586b058", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulating quantum computers with probabilistic methods", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational\npower. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical\nsimulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these\ntechniques we generate new classes of classically simulatable quantum circuits\nwhere standard techniques relying on the exact computation of measurement\nprobabilities fail to provide efficient simulations. For example, we show how\nvarious concatenations of matchgate, Toffoli, Clifford, bounded-depth, Fourier\ntransform and other circuits are classically simulatable. We also prove that\nsparse quantum circuits as well as circuits composed of CNOT and exp[iaX] gates\ncan be simulated classically. In a second part, we apply our results to the\nsimulation of quantum algorithms. It is shown that a recent quantum algorithm,\nconcerned with the estimation of Potts model partition functions, can be\nsimulated efficiently classically. Finally, we show that the exponential\nspeed-ups of Simon's and Shor's algorithms crucially depend on the very last\nstage in these algorithms, dealing with the classical postprocessing of the\nmeasurement outcomes. Specifically, we prove that both algorithms would be\nclassically simulatable if the function classically computed in this step had a\nsufficiently peaked Fourier spectrum.\n" }, { "id": "ad934acd-7bf0-496d-b80e-388d239af26e", "adv_source_id": "ad934acd-7bf0-496d-b80e-388d239af26e", "source_id": "ad934acd-7bf0-496d-b80e-388d239af26e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "VisIVOWeb: A WWW Environment for Large-Scale Astrophysical Visualization", "prompt": null, "generation": " This article presents a newly developed Web portal called VisIVOWeb that aims\nto provide the astrophysical community with powerful visualization tools for\nlarge-scale data sets in the context of Web 2.0. VisIVOWeb can effectively\nhandle modern numerical simulations and real-world observations. Our\nopen-source software is based on established visualization toolkits offering\nhigh-quality rendering algorithms. The underlying data management is discussed\nwith the supported visualization interfaces and movie-making functionality. We\nintroduce VisIVOWeb Network, a robust network of customized Web portals for\nvisual discovery, and VisIVOWeb Connect, a lightweight and efficient solution\nfor seamlessly connecting to existing astrophysical archives. A significant\neffort has been devoted for ensuring interoperability with existing tools by\nadhering to IVOA standards. We conclude with a summary of our work and a\ndiscussion on future developments.\n" }, { "id": "3c664bec-26ec-4acb-8ecc-e2b594f4d45e", "adv_source_id": "3c664bec-26ec-4acb-8ecc-e2b594f4d45e", "source_id": "3c664bec-26ec-4acb-8ecc-e2b594f4d45e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the explicit construction of higher deformations of partition\n statistics", "prompt": null, "generation": " The modularity of the partition generating function has many important\nconsequences, for example asymptotics and congruences for $p(n)$. In a series\nof papers the author and Ono \\cite{BO1,BO2} connected the rank, a partition\nstatistic introduced by Dyson, to weak Maass forms, a new class of functions\nwhich are related to modular forms and which were first considered in\n\\cite{BF}. Here we do a further step towards understanding how weak Maass forms\narise from interesting partition statistics by placing certain 2-marked Durfee\nsymbols introduced by Andrews \\cite{An1} into the framework of weak Maass\nforms. To do this we construct a new class of functions which we call quasiweak\nMaass forms because they have quasimodular forms as components. As an\napplication we prove two conjectures of Andrews. It seems that this new class\nof functions will play an important role in better understanding weak Maass\nforms of higher weight themselves, and also their derivatives. As a side\nproduct we introduce a new method which enables us to prove transformation laws\nfor generating functions over incomplete lattices.\n" }, { "id": "926e993e-ba0a-4190-86b9-d04c8dacfdd1", "adv_source_id": "926e993e-ba0a-4190-86b9-d04c8dacfdd1", "source_id": "926e993e-ba0a-4190-86b9-d04c8dacfdd1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chemical Evolution of High-Redshift Radio Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present new deep optical spectra of 9 high-z radio galaxies (HzRGs) at z >\n2.7 obtained with FORS2 on VLT. These rest-frame ultraviolet spectra are used\nto infer the metallicity of the narrow-line regions (NLRs) in order to\ninvestigate the chemical evolution of galaxies in high-z universe. We focus\nmainly on the CIV/HeII and CIII]/CIV flux ratios that are sensitive to gas\nmetallicity and ionization parameter. Although the NV emission has been widely\nused to infer the gas metallicity, it is often too weak to be measured\naccurately for NLRs. By combining our new spectra with data from the\nliterature, we examine the possible redshift evolution of the NLR metallicity\nfor 57 HzRGs at 1 < z < 4. Based on the comparison between the observed\nemission-line flux ratios and the results of our photoionization model\ncalculations, we find no significant metallicity evolution in NLRs of HzRGs, up\nto z ~ 4. Our results imply that massive galaxies had almost completed their\nchemical evolution at much higher redshift (z > 5). Finally, although we detect\nstrong NV emission lines in 5 HzRGs at z > 2.7, we point out that high NV/HeII\nratios are not indicative of high metallicities but correspond to high\nionization parameters of gas clouds in NLRs.\n" }, { "id": "4944ee78-3f84-40fb-b6e7-b01682939fdd", "adv_source_id": "4944ee78-3f84-40fb-b6e7-b01682939fdd", "source_id": "4944ee78-3f84-40fb-b6e7-b01682939fdd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Charge-Ordering Phenomena in One-Dimensional Solids", "prompt": null, "generation": " As the dimensionality is reduced, the world becomes more and more\ninteresting; novel and fascinating phenomena show up which call for\nunderstanding. Physics in one dimension is a fascinating topic for theory and\nexperiment: for the former often a simplification, for the latter always a\nchallenge. Various ways will be demonstrated how one-dimensional structures can\nbe achieved in reality. In particular organic conductors could establish\nthemselves as model systems for the investigation of the physics in reduced\ndimensions.\n In the metallic state of a one-dimensional solid, Fermi-liquid theory breaks\ndown and spin and charge degrees of freedom become separated. But the metallic\nphase is not stable in one dimension: as the temperature is reduced, the\nelectronic charge and spin tend to arrange themselves in an ordered fashion due\nto strong correlations. The competition of the different interactions is\nresponsible for which broken-symmetry ground state is eventually realized in a\nspecific compound and which drives the system towards an insulating state.\n Here we review the various ordering phenomena and how they can be identified\nby dielectric and optic measurements.\n" }, { "id": "4caac23e-0953-498b-ab98-8532f5989e39", "adv_source_id": "4caac23e-0953-498b-ab98-8532f5989e39", "source_id": "4caac23e-0953-498b-ab98-8532f5989e39", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the nonlocal viscosity kernel of mixtures", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this report we investigate the multiscale hydrodynamical response of a\nliquid as a function of mixture composition. This is done via a series of\nmolecular dynamics simulations where the wave vector dependent viscosity kernel\nis computed for three mixtures each with 7-15 different compositions. We\nobserve that the nonlocal viscosity kernel is dependent on composition for\nsimple atomic mixtures for all the wave vectors studied here, however, for a\nmodel polymer melt mixture the kernel is independent of composition for large\nwave vectors. The deviation from ideal mixing is also studied. Here it is shown\nthat a Lennard-Jones mixture follows the ideal mixing rule surprisingly well\nfor a large range of wave vectors, whereas for both the Kob-Andersen mixture\nand the polymer melt large deviations are found. Furthermore, for the polymer\nmelt the deviation is wave vector dependent such that there exists a critical\nlength scale at which the ideal mixing goes from under-estimating to\nover-estimating the viscosity.\n" }, { "id": "30dc1c88-20f9-4c21-bbd4-8d9b812c8afe", "adv_source_id": "30dc1c88-20f9-4c21-bbd4-8d9b812c8afe", "source_id": "30dc1c88-20f9-4c21-bbd4-8d9b812c8afe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Realistic Yukawa Textures and SUSY Spectra from Intersecting Branes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the possible phenomenology of a three-family Pati-Salam model\nconstructed from intersecting D6-branes in Type IIA string theory on the\nT^6/(Z2 x Z2) orientifold with some desirable semi-realistic features. In the\nmodel, tree-level gauge coupling unification is achieved automatically at the\nstring scale, and the gauge symmetry may be broken to the Standard Model (SM)\nclose to the string scale. The small number of extra chiral exotic states in\nthe model may be decoupled via the Higgs mechanism and strong dynamics. We\ncalculate the possible supersymmetry breaking soft terms and the corresponding\nlow-energy supersymmetric particle spectra which may potentially be tested at\nthe Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We find that for the viable regions of the\nparameter space the lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass usually satisfies m_H <\n120 GeV, and the observed dark matter density may be generated. Finally, we\nfind that it is possible to obtain correct SM quark masses and mixings, and the\ntau lepton mass at the unification scale. Additionally, neutrino masses and\nmixings may be generated via the seesaw mechanism. Mechanisms to stabilize the\nopen and closed-string moduli, which are necessary for the model to be truly\nviable and to make definite predictions are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "02cb4167-acb3-4aed-ad0a-f3b3f1b02f8f", "adv_source_id": "02cb4167-acb3-4aed-ad0a-f3b3f1b02f8f", "source_id": "02cb4167-acb3-4aed-ad0a-f3b3f1b02f8f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quenching Massive Galaxies with On-the-fly Feedback in Cosmological\n Hydrodynamic Simulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " Massive galaxies today typically are not forming stars despite being\nsurrounded by hot gaseous halos with short central cooling times. This likely\nowes to some form of \"quenching feedback\" such as merger-driven quasar activity\nor radio jets emerging from central black holes. Here we implement heuristic\nprescriptions for these phenomena on-the-fly within cosmological hydrodynamic\nsimulations. We constrain them by comparing to observed luminosity functions\nand color-magnitude diagrams from SDSS. We find that quenching from mergers\nalone does not produce a realistic red sequence, because 1 - 2 Gyr after a\nmerger the remnant accretes new fuel and star formation reignites. In contrast,\nquenching by continuously adding thermal energy to hot gaseous halos\nquantitatively matches the red galaxy luminosity function and produces a\nreasonable red sequence. Small discrepancies remain - a shallow red sequence\nslope suggests that our models underestimate metal production or retention in\nmassive red galaxies, while a deficit of massive blue galaxies may reflect the\nfact that observed heating is intermittent rather than continuous. Overall,\ninjection of energy into hot halo gas appears to be a necessary and sufficient\ncondition to broadly produce red and dead massive galaxies as observed.\n" }, { "id": "aac8910d-4a00-4229-8f93-5922e995ca29", "adv_source_id": "aac8910d-4a00-4229-8f93-5922e995ca29", "source_id": "aac8910d-4a00-4229-8f93-5922e995ca29", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extension of self-seeding to hard X-rays >10 keV as a way to increase\n user access at the European XFEL", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose to use the self-seeding scheme with single crystal monochromator\nat the European X-ray FEL to produce monochromatic, high-power radiation at 16\nkeV. Based on start to end simulations we show that the FEL power of the\ntransform-limited pulses can reach about 100 GW by exploiting tapering in the\ntunable-gap baseline undulator. The combination of high photon energy, high\npeak power, and very narrow bandwidth opens a vast new range of applications,\nand includes the possibility to considerably increase the user capacity and\nfully exploit the high repetition rate of the European XFEL. In fact, dealing\nwith monochromatic hard X-ray radiation one may use crystals as deflectors with\nminimum beam loss. To this end, a photon beam distribution system based on the\nuse of crystals in the Bragg reflection geometry is proposed for future study\nand possible extension of the baseline facility. They can be repeated a number\nof times to form an almost complete (one meter scale) ring with an angle of 20\ndegrees between two neighboring lines. The reflectivity of crystal deflectors\ncan be switched fast enough by flipping the crystals with piezo-electric\ndevices similar to those for X-ray phase retarders at synchrotron radiation\nfacilities. It is then possible to distribute monochromatic hard X-rays among\n10 independent instruments, thereby enabling 10 users to work in parallel. The\nunmatched repetition rate of the European XFEL would be therefore fully\nexploited.\n" }, { "id": "31d86f92-0705-40ce-8e76-f738c1da5975", "adv_source_id": "31d86f92-0705-40ce-8e76-f738c1da5975", "source_id": "31d86f92-0705-40ce-8e76-f738c1da5975", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Resonating valence bond wavefunctions and classical interacting dimer\n models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We relate properties of nearest-neighbour resonating valence bond (nnRVB)\nwavefunctions for $SU(g)$ spin systems on two dimensional bipartite lattices to\nthose of fully-packed classical dimer models with potential energy $V$ on the\nsame lattice. We define a cluster expansion of $V$ in terms of $n$-body\npotentials $V_n$, which are recursively determined from the nnRVB wavefunction\non {\\em finite subgraphs} of the original lattice. The magnitude of the\n$n$-body interaction $V_n$ ($n>1$) is of order ${\\mathcal O}(g^{-(n-1)})$ for\nsmall $g^{-1}$, while $V_1$ reduces to a constant due to the fully-packed\nnature of the model. At leading non-trivial order on the square lattice, the\ninteracting dimer model only has two-body interactions $V_2(g)$ that favour two\nparallel dimers on elementary plaquettes. Setting $g=2$ and using the results\nof earlier work on this interacting dimer model, we find that the long-distance\nbehaviour of the bond-energy correlation function is dominated by an\noscillatory term that decays as $ 1/|\\vec{r}|^{\\alpha}$ with $\\alpha \\approx\n1.22$ for SU(2) spins. This result is in remarkable quantitative agreement with\nearlier direct numerical studies of the corresponding wavefunction, which give\n$\\alpha \\approx 1.20$.\n" }, { "id": "de689a5e-3895-4ff4-bc4c-1911946cbd57", "adv_source_id": "de689a5e-3895-4ff4-bc4c-1911946cbd57", "source_id": "de689a5e-3895-4ff4-bc4c-1911946cbd57", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the theory of astronomical maser. I. Statistics of maser radiation", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we re-analyse the amplification process of broadband continuum\nradiation by astronomical masers in one-dimensional case. The basic equations\nappropriate for the scalar maser and the random nature of the maser radiation\nfield are derived from basic physical principles. Comparision with the standard\nradiation transfer equation allows us to examine the underlying assumptions\ninvolved in the current theory of astronomical masers. Simulations are carried\nout to follow the amplification of different realisations of the broadband\nbackground radiation by the maser. The observable quantities such as intensity,\nspectral line profile are obtained by averaging over an ensemble of the\nemerging radiation corresponding to the amplified background radiation field.\nOur simulations show that the fluctuations of the radiation field inside the\nastronomical maser deviates significantly from Gaussian statistics even when\nthe maser is only partially saturated. Coupling between different frequency\nmodes and the population pulsing are shown to have increasing importance in the\ntransport of maser radiation as the maser approaches saturation. Our results\nsuggest that the standard formulation of radiation transfer provides a\nsatisfactory description of the intensity and the line narrowing effect in the\nunsaturated and partially saturated masers within the framework of\none-dimensional model. Howerver, the application of the same formulation to the\nstrong saturation regime should be considered with caution.\n" }, { "id": "bc8e623d-1fb1-4724-9dfe-e34c40490c19", "adv_source_id": "bc8e623d-1fb1-4724-9dfe-e34c40490c19", "source_id": "bc8e623d-1fb1-4724-9dfe-e34c40490c19", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chandra Evidence for Extended X-ray Structure in RY Tau", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report results of a sensitive Chandra ACIS-S observation of the classical\nT Tauri star RY Tau. Previous studies have shown that it drives a spectacular\nbipolar jet whose blueshifted component is traced optically along P.A.\napproximately 295 degrees at separations of 1.5 - 31 arcseconds from the star.\nComplex X-ray emission is revealed, including a very soft non-variable spectral\ncomponent (some of which may originate in shocks), a superhot flaring component\n(T >= 100 MK), and faint extended structure near the star. The structure is\nvisible in deconvolved images and extends northwestward out to a separation of\n1.7 arcseconds, overlapping the inner part of the optical jet. Image analysis\nsuggests that most of the extension is real, but some contamination by\nPSF-induced structure within the central arcsecond may be present. The\npredicted temperature for a shock-heated jet based on jet speed and shock speed\nestimates from optical measurements is too low to explain the extended X-ray\nstructure. Either higher speed material within the jet has escaped optical\ndetection or other mechanisms besides shock-heating are involved. Alternative\nmechanisms that could produce higher temperature plasma at small offsets to the\nnorthwest of RY Tau include magnetic heating in the jet, hot plasmoids ejected\nat high speeds, or X-ray emission from a putative close companion whose\npresence has been inferred from Hipparcos variations.\n" }, { "id": "6a6cc536-537d-427f-a5bd-1839438b38e5", "adv_source_id": "6a6cc536-537d-427f-a5bd-1839438b38e5", "source_id": "6a6cc536-537d-427f-a5bd-1839438b38e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Minimal-time bioremediation of natural water resources", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study minimal time strategies for the treatment of pollution of large\nvolumes, such as lakes or natural reservoirs, with the help of an autonomous\nbioreactor. The control consists in feeding the bioreactor from the resource,\nthe clean output returning to the resource with the same flow rate. We first\ncharacterize the optimal policies among constant and feedback controls, under\nthe assumption of a uniform concentration in the resource. In a second part, we\nstudy the influence of an inhomogeneity in the resource, considering two\nmeasurements points. With the help of the Maximum Principle, we show that the\noptimal control law is non-monotonic and terminates with a constant phase,\ncontrary to the homogeneous case for which the optimal flow rate is decreasing\nwith time. This study allows the decision makers to identify situations for\nwhich the benefit of using non-constant flow rates is significant.\n" }, { "id": "2b43deca-3304-46b0-90e9-02b411072280", "adv_source_id": "2b43deca-3304-46b0-90e9-02b411072280", "source_id": "2b43deca-3304-46b0-90e9-02b411072280", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stringent and Robust Constraints on the Dark Matter Annihilation Cross\n Section From the Region of the Galactic Center", "prompt": null, "generation": " For any realistic halo profile, the Galactic Center is predicted to be the\nbrightest source of gamma-rays from dark matter annihilations. Due in large\npart to uncertainties associated with the dark matter distribution and\nastrophysical backgrounds, however, the most commonly applied constraints on\nthe dark matter annihilation cross section have been derived from other\nregions, such as dwarf spheroidal galaxies. In this article, we study Fermi\nGamma-Ray Space Telescope data from the direction of the inner Galaxy and\nderive stringent upper limits on the dark matter's annihilation cross section.\nEven for the very conservative case of a dark matter distribution with a\nsignificant (~kpc) constant-density core, normalized to the minimum density\nneeded to accommodate rotation curve and microlensing measurements, we find\nthat the Galactic Center constraint is approximately as stringent as those\nderived from dwarf galaxies (which were derived under the assumption of an NFW\ndistribution). For NFW or Einasto profiles (again, normalized to the minimum\nallowed density), the Galactic Center constraints are typically stronger than\nthose from dwarfs.\n" }, { "id": "fa4432c2-e28c-4d8b-8ba3-5d9991405da1", "adv_source_id": "fa4432c2-e28c-4d8b-8ba3-5d9991405da1", "source_id": "fa4432c2-e28c-4d8b-8ba3-5d9991405da1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "UMTS-WiMAX Vertical Handover in Next Generation Wireless Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " The vision of next generation wireless network (NGWN) is to integrate\ndifferent wireless access technologies, each with its own characteristics, into\na common IP-based core network to provide mobile user with service continuity\nand seamless roaming. One of the major issues for the converged heterogeneous\nnetworks is providing a seamless vertical handover (VHO) with QoS support. In\nthis paper we have reviewed the various interworking architectures and handover\nscenarios between UMTS and WiMAX. Also, we have compared the proposed solutions\nbased on different criteria and revealed the pros and cons of each scheme. The\ncomparison aids to adopt a better interworking and handover mechanism in NGWN.\n" }, { "id": "40a35881-91b5-4c6e-8f7d-614e9ae2cd13", "adv_source_id": "40a35881-91b5-4c6e-8f7d-614e9ae2cd13", "source_id": "40a35881-91b5-4c6e-8f7d-614e9ae2cd13", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Time reversal non-invariant non-Abelian topological order in\n non-centrosymmetric superconductors", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider two-dimensional non-centrosymmetric superconductors, where the\norder parameter is a mixture of s-wave and p-wave parts, in the presence of an\nexternally induced Zeeman splitting. We derive the conditions under which the\nsystem is in a non-Abelian phase. By considering the non-degenerate zero-energy\nMajorana solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations for a vortex and\nby constructing a topological invariant, we show that the condition for the\nnon-Abelian phase to exist is completely independent of the triplet pairing\namplitude. The existence condition for the non-Abelian phase derived from the\nreal space solutions of the BdG equations involves the Pfaffian of the BdG\nHamiltonian at k = 0, which is completely insensitive to the magnitude of the\np-wave component of the order parameter. We arrive at the same conclusion by\nusing the appropriate topological invariant for this case. This is in striking\ncontrast to the analogous condition for the time-reversal invariant topological\nphases, in which the amplitude of the p-wave component must be larger than the\namplitude of the s-wave piece of the order parameter. As a by-product, we\nestablish the intrinsic connection between the Pfaffian of the BdG Hamiltonian\nat k = 0 (which arises at the BdG approach) and the relevant Z topological\ninvariant.\n" }, { "id": "2f3034e2-17e4-4c3a-b267-8ab467fe2f05", "adv_source_id": "2f3034e2-17e4-4c3a-b267-8ab467fe2f05", "source_id": "2f3034e2-17e4-4c3a-b267-8ab467fe2f05", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "BS196: an old star cluster far from the SMC main body", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present B and V photometry of the outlying SMC star cluster BS196 with the\n4.1-m SOAR telescope. The photometry is deep (to V~25) showing ~3 mag below the\ncluster turnoff point (TO) at Mv=2.5 (1.03 Msun). The cluster is located at the\nSMC distance. The CMD and isochrone fittings provide a cluster age of 5.0+-0.5\nGyr, indicating that this is one of the 12 oldest clusters so far detected in\nthe SMC. The estimated metallicity is [Fe/H]=-1.68+-0.10. The structural\nanalysis gives by means of King profile fittings a core radius Rc=8.7+-1.1\narcsec (2.66+-0.14 pc) and a tidal radius Rt=69.4+-1.7 arcsec (21.2+-1.2 pc).\nBS196 is rather loose with a concentration parameter c=0.90. With\nMv=-1.89+-0.39, BS196 belongs to the class of intrinsically fainter SMC\nclusters, as compared to the well-known populous ones, which starts to be\nexplored.\n" }, { "id": "c85f5a61-3d9f-41f7-898f-82601f1a22b9", "adv_source_id": "c85f5a61-3d9f-41f7-898f-82601f1a22b9", "source_id": "c85f5a61-3d9f-41f7-898f-82601f1a22b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermions from the gauge models ground state", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the quantization of pure U(1) and U(2) gauge theories in the\nvicinity of non-trivial ground state in four-dimensional Euclidean space-time.\nThe main goal is to make the simultaneous consideration of many vacuums\npossible. It is shown that Fueter (quaternion) analytic and anti analytic\nfunctions can be used as vacuum's collective coordinates. As a result the\nground state describes not a single quasi particle, or finite number of such\nparticles, but a field. This field satisfies the massless Dirac equation. This\nis not a contradiction because it is known that massless spinors can be\nquantized either as fermions or as bosons. We choose to quantize the vacuum\nanomalously (Fermi--Dirac). The anomalous quantization of the gauge fields\nground state allows non-trivial (anti) self-dual configurations to exist. The\npossible connection to the lepton sector of the Standard Model is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "0ed8111f-5cca-4f0a-acc7-fda29518f9ec", "adv_source_id": "0ed8111f-5cca-4f0a-acc7-fda29518f9ec", "source_id": "0ed8111f-5cca-4f0a-acc7-fda29518f9ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Aspect ratio dependence of heat transport by turbulent\n Rayleigh-B\\'{e}nard convection in rectangular cells", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report high-precision measurements of the Nusselt number $Nu$ as a\nfunction of the Rayleigh number $Ra$ in water-filled rectangular\nRayleigh-B\\'{e}nard convection cells. The horizontal length $L$ and width $W$\nof the cells are 50.0 cm and 15.0 cm, respectively, and the heights $H=49.9$,\n25.0, 12.5, 6.9, 3.5, and 2.4 cm, corresponding to the aspect ratios\n$(\\Gamma_x\\equiv L/H,\\Gamma_y\\equiv W/H)=(1,0.3)$, $(2,0.6)$, $(4,1.2)$,\n$(7.3,2.2)$, $(14.3,4.3)$, and $(20.8,6.3)$. The measurements were carried out\nover the Rayleigh number range $6\\times10^5\\lesssim Ra\\lesssim10^{11}$ and the\nPrandtl number range $5.2\\lesssim Pr\\lesssim7$. Our results show that for\nrectangular geometry turbulent heat transport is independent of the cells'\naspect ratios and hence is insensitive to the nature and structures of the\nlarge-scale mean flows of the system. This is slightly different from the\nobservations in cylindrical cells where $Nu$ is found to be in general a\ndecreasing function of $\\Gamma$, at least for $\\Gamma=1$ and larger. Such a\ndifference is probably a manifestation of the finite plate conductivity effect.\nCorrections for the influence of the finite conductivity of the top and bottom\nplates are made to obtain the estimates of $Nu_{\\infty}$ for plates with\nperfect conductivity. The local scaling exponents $\\beta_l$ of $Nu_{\\infty}\\sim\nRa^{\\beta_l}$ are calculated and found to increase from 0.243 at\n$Ra\\simeq9\\times10^5$ to 0.327 at $Ra\\simeq4\\times10^{10}$.\n" }, { "id": "b8bf5dc0-2fd1-4cd6-8e08-ea2c85deb271", "adv_source_id": "b8bf5dc0-2fd1-4cd6-8e08-ea2c85deb271", "source_id": "b8bf5dc0-2fd1-4cd6-8e08-ea2c85deb271", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "BDDC and FETI-DP under Minimalist Assumptions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The FETI-DP, BDDC and P-FETI-DP preconditioners are derived in a particulary\nsimple abstract form. It is shown that their properties can be obtained from\nonly on a very small set of algebraic assumptions. The presentation is purely\nalgebraic and it does not use any particular definition of method components,\nsuch as substructures and coarse degrees of freedom. It is then shown that\nP-FETI-DP and BDDC are in fact the same. The FETI-DP and the BDDC\npreconditioned operators are of the same algebraic form, and the standard\ncondition number bound carries over to arbitrary abstract operators of this\nform. The equality of eigenvalues of BDDC and FETI-DP also holds in the\nminimalist abstract setting. The abstract framework is explained on a standard\nsubstructuring example.\n" }, { "id": "a217e822-7bd3-4ded-8b57-89f80c46d8e1", "adv_source_id": "a217e822-7bd3-4ded-8b57-89f80c46d8e1", "source_id": "a217e822-7bd3-4ded-8b57-89f80c46d8e1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Statistical theory of a quantum emitter strongly coupled to\n Anderson-localized modes", "prompt": null, "generation": " A statistical theory of the coupling between a quantum emitter and\nAnderson-localized cavity modes is presented based on a dyadic Green's function\nformalism. The probability of achieving the strong light-matter coupling regime\nis extracted for an experimentally realistic system composed of InAs quantum\ndots embedded in a disordered photonic crystal waveguide. We demonstrate that\nby engineering the relevant parameters that define the quality of light\nconfinement, i.e. the light localization length and the loss length, strong\ncoupling between a single quantum dot and an Anderson-localized cavity is\nwithin experimental reach. As a consequence of disorder-induced light\nconfinement provides a novel platform for quantum electrodynamics experiments.\n" }, { "id": "36a48bec-6b8c-4e3c-90f5-d27a0ef3c97b", "adv_source_id": "36a48bec-6b8c-4e3c-90f5-d27a0ef3c97b", "source_id": "36a48bec-6b8c-4e3c-90f5-d27a0ef3c97b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The subword complexity of smooth words on 2-letter alphabets", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $\\gamma_{a,b}(n)$ be the number of smooth words of length $n$ over the\nalphabet $\\{a,b\\}$ with $a 0.01. Such a\nvery weak solubility limit could also be responsible for the discrepancies\nfound in the literature. Furthermore, the measurements made under magnetic\nfield (magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient)\nsupport that the Cr^4+ \"holes\", created by the Mg^2+ substitution, in the\nmatrix of high spin Cr^3+ (S = 3/2) are responsible for the transport\nproperties of these compounds.\n" }, { "id": "5d659bd1-cdb5-4725-a969-9db14d0113ca", "adv_source_id": "5d659bd1-cdb5-4725-a969-9db14d0113ca", "source_id": "5d659bd1-cdb5-4725-a969-9db14d0113ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of a Third Planet in the HD 74156 System Using the\n Hobby-Eberly Telescope", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the discovery of a third planetary mass companion to the G0 star HD\n74156. High precision radial velocity measurements made with the Hobby-Eberly\nTelescope aided the detection of this object. The best fit triple Keplerian\nmodel to all the available velocity data yields an orbital period of 347 days\nand minimum mass of 0.4 M_Jup for the new planet. We determine revised orbital\nperiods of 51.7 and 2477 days, and minimum masses of 1.9 and 8.0 M_Jup\nrespectively for the previously known planets. Preliminary calculations\nindicate that the derived orbits are stable, although all three planets have\nsignificant orbital eccentricities (e = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.25). With our\ndetection, HD 74156 becomes the eighth normal star known to host three or more\nplanets. Further study of this system's dynamical characteristics will likely\ngive important insight to planet formation and evolutionary processes.\n" }, { "id": "99514555-1f1e-41e7-86bb-74c16e57e28d", "adv_source_id": "99514555-1f1e-41e7-86bb-74c16e57e28d", "source_id": "99514555-1f1e-41e7-86bb-74c16e57e28d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum-state selection, alignment, and orientation of large molecules\n using static electric and laser fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " Supersonic beams of polar molecules are deflected using inhomogeneous\nelectric fields. The quantum-state selectivity of the deflection is used to\nspatially separate molecules according to their quantum state. A detailed\nanalysis of the deflection and the obtained quantum-state selection is\npresented. The rotational temperatures of the molecular beams are determined\nfrom the spatial beam profiles and are all approximately 1 K. Unprecedented\ndegrees of laser-induced alignment $(<\\cos^2\\theta_{2D}>=0.972)$ and\norientation of iodobenzene molecules are demonstrated when the state-selected\nsamples are used. Such state-selected and oriented molecules provide unique\npossibilities for many novel experiments in chemistry and physics.\n" }, { "id": "9b12c7a5-7273-4911-bd4a-3ebe3104ce1c", "adv_source_id": "9b12c7a5-7273-4911-bd4a-3ebe3104ce1c", "source_id": "9b12c7a5-7273-4911-bd4a-3ebe3104ce1c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Student ensemble of correlation matrices: eigenvalue spectrum and\n Kullback-Leibler entropy", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study a new ensemble of random correlation matrices related to\nmultivariate Student (or more generally elliptic) random variables. We\nestablish the exact density of states of empirical correlation matrices that\ngeneralizes the Marcenko-Pastur result. The comparison between the theoretical\ndensity of states in the Student case and empirical financial data is\nsurprisingly good, even if we are still able to detect systematic deviations.\nFinally, we compute explicitely the Kullback-Leibler entropies of empirical\nStudent matrices, which are found to be independent of the true correlation\nmatrix, as in the Gaussian case. We provide numerically exact values for these\nKullback-Leibler entropies.\n" }, { "id": "862ef926-6028-4541-9eab-e870ad16b215", "adv_source_id": "862ef926-6028-4541-9eab-e870ad16b215", "source_id": "862ef926-6028-4541-9eab-e870ad16b215", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new period determination for the close PG1159 binary\n SDSSJ212531.92-010745.9", "prompt": null, "generation": " Methods to measure masses of PG1159 stars in order to test evolutionary\nscenarios are currently based on spectroscopic masses or asteroseismological\nmass determinations. One recently discovered PG1159 star in a close binary\nsystem may finally allow the first dynamical mass determination, which has so\nfar been analysed on the basis of one SDSS spectrum and photometric monitoring.\n In order to be able to phase future radial velocity measurements of the\nsystem SDSSJ212531.92-010745.9, we follow up on the photometric monitoring of\nthis system to provide a solid observational basis for an improved orbital\nephemeris determination.\n New white-light time series of the brightness variation of\nSDSSJ212531.92-010745.9 with the Tuebingen 80cm and Goettingen 50cm telescopes\nextend the monitoring into a second season (2006), tripling the length of\noverall observational data available, and significantly increasing the time\nbase covered.\n We give the ephemeris for the orbital motion of the system, based on a sine\nfit which now results in a period of 6.95573(5)h, and discuss the associated\nnew amplitude determination in the context of the phased light curve variation\nprofile. The accuracy of the ephemeris has been improved by more than one order\nof magnitude compared to that previously published for 2005 alone.\n" }, { "id": "17027731-a3cb-4920-9ad5-8c5098e24e17", "adv_source_id": "17027731-a3cb-4920-9ad5-8c5098e24e17", "source_id": "17027731-a3cb-4920-9ad5-8c5098e24e17", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First search for gravitational waves from the youngest known neutron\n star", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a search for periodic gravitational waves from the neutron star in\nthe supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. The search coherently analyzes data in a\n12-day interval taken from the fifth science run of the Laser Interferometer\nGravitational-Wave Observatory. It searches gravitational wave frequencies from\n100 to 300 Hz, and covers a wide range of first and second frequency\nderivatives appropriate for the age of the remnant and for different spin-down\nmechanisms. No gravitational wave signal was detected. Within the range of\nsearch frequencies, we set 95% confidence upper limits of 0.7--1.2e-24 on the\nintrinsic gravitational wave strain, 0.4--4e-4 on the equatorial ellipticity of\nthe neutron star, and 0.005--0.14 on the amplitude of r-mode oscillations of\nthe neutron star. These direct upper limits beat indirect limits derived from\nenergy conservation and enter the range of theoretical predictions involving\ncrystalline exotic matter or runaway r-modes. This is the first gravitational\nwave search to present upper limits on r-modes.\n" }, { "id": "eb2d2656-fa9b-4301-90d7-1362b1c2a8ec", "adv_source_id": "eb2d2656-fa9b-4301-90d7-1362b1c2a8ec", "source_id": "eb2d2656-fa9b-4301-90d7-1362b1c2a8ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Origin of the `He/N' and `Fe II' Spectral Classes of Novae", "prompt": null, "generation": " The spectra of postoutburst novae display either He+N or Fe II lines as the\nmost prominent non-Balmer lines at maximum light. Spectral diagnostics indicate\nphysical conditions for 'He/N' spectra that are consistent with their origin in\nthe white dwarf (WD) ejecta, whereas 'Fe II' spectra point to their formation\nin a large circumbinary envelope of gas whose origin is the secondary star. A\ndetermining parameter for which of the two types of spectra predominates may be\nthe binary mass ratio Msec/MWD. The increasing fraction of novae that are\nobserved to be 'hybrid' objects, where both classes of spectra appear\nsequentially, is explained by changing parameters in the two emitting regions\nduring the postoutburst decline. We argue that most novae may be hybrids that\nshow both types of spectra during decline. The emission line intensity ratio O\nI {\\lambda}8446/{\\lambda}7773 is suggested as a good density diagnostic for the\nejecta, and a finding list of emission lines identified in recent spectroscopic\nsurveys of novae is presented as an aid to future line identification work.\n" }, { "id": "50c639cb-f800-47cf-994c-b6a8fa98fc45", "adv_source_id": "50c639cb-f800-47cf-994c-b6a8fa98fc45", "source_id": "50c639cb-f800-47cf-994c-b6a8fa98fc45", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coupling a Point-Like Mass to Quantum Gravity with Causal Dynamical\n Triangulations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a possibility of coupling a point-like, non-singular, mass\ndistribution to four-dimensional quantum gravity in the nonperturbative setting\nof causal dynamical triangulations (CDT). In order to provide a point of\ncomparison for the classical limit of the matter-coupled CDT model, we derive\nthe spatial volume profile of the Euclidean Schwarzschild-de Sitter space glued\nto an interior matter solution. The volume profile is calculated with respect\nto a specific proper-time foliation matching the global time slicing present in\nCDT. It deviates in a characteristic manner from that of the pure-gravity\nmodel. The appearance of coordinate caustics and the compactness of the mass\ndistribution in lattice units put an upper bound on the total mass for which\nthese calculations are expected to be valid. We also discuss some of the\nimplementation details for numerically measuring the expectation value of the\nvolume profiles in the framework of CDT when coupled appropriately to the\nmatter source.\n" }, { "id": "e58a4bca-fa1d-41a9-8a48-8e7c133a6789", "adv_source_id": "e58a4bca-fa1d-41a9-8a48-8e7c133a6789", "source_id": "e58a4bca-fa1d-41a9-8a48-8e7c133a6789", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Real Solution Isolation with Multiplicity of Zero-Dimensional Triangular\n Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " Existing algorithms for isolating real solutions of zero-dimensional\npolynomial systems do not compute the multiplicities of the solutions. In this\npaper, we define in a natural way the multiplicity of solutions of\nzero-dimensional triangular polynomial systems and prove that our definition is\nequivalent to the classical definition of local (intersection) multiplicity.\nThen we present an effective and complete algorithm for isolating real\nsolutions with multiplicities of zero-dimensional triangular polynomial systems\nusing our definition. The algorithm is based on interval arithmetic and\nsquare-free factorization of polynomials with real algebraic coefficients. The\ncomputational results on some examples from the literature are presented.\n" }, { "id": "20f68b79-f349-48ca-908e-e6c99c077fd0", "adv_source_id": "20f68b79-f349-48ca-908e-e6c99c077fd0", "source_id": "20f68b79-f349-48ca-908e-e6c99c077fd0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Suppression of the structural phase transition and lattice softening in\n slightly underdoped Ba(1-x)K(x)Fe2As2 with electronic phase separation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and neutron diffraction\nmeasurements on the slightly underdoped iron pnictide superconductor\nBa(1-x)K(x)Fe2As2, Tc = 32K. Below the magnetic transition temperature Tm =\n70K, both techniques show an additional broadening of the nuclear Bragg peaks,\nsuggesting a weak structural phase transition. However, macroscopically the\nsystem does not break its tetragonal symmetry down to 15 K. Instead, XRPD\npatterns at low temperature reveal an increase of the anisotropic microstrain\nproportionally in all directions. We associate this effect with the electronic\nphase separation, previously observed in the same material, and with the effect\nof lattice softening below the magnetic phase transition. We employ density\nfunctional theory to evaluate the distribution of atomic positions in the\npresence of dopant atoms both in the normal and magnetic states, and to\nquantify the lattice softening, showing that it can account for a major part of\nthe observed increase of the microstrain.\n" }, { "id": "8e85da5d-7b2a-4783-ae74-daa59a925af4", "adv_source_id": "8e85da5d-7b2a-4783-ae74-daa59a925af4", "source_id": "8e85da5d-7b2a-4783-ae74-daa59a925af4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tuning HMC using Poisson brackets", "prompt": null, "generation": " We discuss how the integrators used for the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC)\nalgorithm not only approximately conserve some Hamiltonian $H$ but exactly\nconserve a nearby shadow Hamiltonian (\\tilde H), and how the difference $\\Delta\nH \\equiv \\tilde H - H $ may be expressed as an expansion in Poisson brackets.\nBy measuring average values of these Poisson brackets over the equilibrium\ndistribution $\\propto e^{-H}$ generated by HMC we can find the optimal\nintegrator parameters from a single simulation. We show that a good way of\ndoing this in practice is to minimize the variance of $\\Delta H$ rather than\nits magnitude, as has been previously suggested. Some details of how to compute\nPoisson brackets for gauge and fermion fields, and for nested and force\ngradient integrators are also presented.\n" }, { "id": "1df6d925-0767-4d1f-8eda-f9e8fae24b61", "adv_source_id": "1df6d925-0767-4d1f-8eda-f9e8fae24b61", "source_id": "1df6d925-0767-4d1f-8eda-f9e8fae24b61", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Length structures on manifolds with continuous Riemannian metrics", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is well-known that the class of piecewise smooth curves together with a\nsmooth Riemannian metric induces a metric space structure on a manifold.\nHowever, little is known about the minimal regularity needed to analyze curves\nand particularly to study length-minimizing curves where neither classical\ntechniques such as a differentiable exponential map etc. are available nor\n(generalized) curvature bounds are imposed. In this paper we advance\nlow-regularity Riemannian geometry by investigating general length structures\non manifolds that are equipped with Riemannian metrics of low regularity. We\ngeneralize the length structure by proving that the class of absolutely\ncontinuous curves induces the standard metric space structure. The main result\nstates that the arc-length of absolutely continuous curves is the same as the\nlength induced by the metric. For the proof we use techniques from the analysis\nof metric spaces and employ specific smooth approximations of continuous\nRiemannian metrics. We thus show that when dealing with lengths of curves, the\nmetric approach for low-regularity Riemannnian manifolds is still compatible\nwith standard definitions and can successfully fill in for lack of\ndifferentiability.\n" }, { "id": "eaa89e32-c619-4707-b887-88d109157176", "adv_source_id": "eaa89e32-c619-4707-b887-88d109157176", "source_id": "eaa89e32-c619-4707-b887-88d109157176", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Correlations between CME parameters and sunspot activity", "prompt": null, "generation": " Smoothed monthly mean coronal mass ejection (CME) parameters (speed,\nacceleration, central position angle, angular width, mass and kinetic energy)\nfor Cycle 23 are cross-analyzed, showing a high correlation between most of\nthem. The CME acceleration (a) is found to be highly correlated with the\nreciprocal of its mass (M), with a correlation coefficient r = 0:899. The force\n(Ma) to drive a CME is found to be well anti-correlated with the sunspot number\n(Rz), r = -0.750. The relationships between CME parameters and Rz can be well\ndescribed by an integral response model with a decay time scale of about 11\nmonths. The correlation coefficients of CME parameters with the reconstructed\nseries based on this model (r1 = 0.886) are higher than the linear correlation\ncoefficients of the parameters with Rz (r0 = 0.830). If a double decay integral\nresponse model is used (with two decay time scales of about 6 and 60 months),\nthe correlations between CME parameters and Rz improve (r2 = 0.906). The time\ndelays between CME parameters with respect to Rz are also well predicted by\nthis model (19/22 = 86%); the average time delays are 19 months for the\nreconstructed and 22 months for the original time series. The model implies\nthat CMEs are related to the accumulation of solar magnetic energy. The\nrelationships found can help to understand the mechanisms at work during the\nsolar cycle.\n" }, { "id": "53614a49-4d77-4453-8d13-cd755d9c6c73", "adv_source_id": "53614a49-4d77-4453-8d13-cd755d9c6c73", "source_id": "53614a49-4d77-4453-8d13-cd755d9c6c73", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photometric study of selected cataclysmic variables II. Time-series\n photometry of nine systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present time-series photometry of nine cataclysmic variables: EI UMa,\nV844Her, V751 Cyg, V516 Cyg, GZ Cnc, TY Psc, V1315 Aql, ASAS J002511+1217.12,\nV1315 Aql and LN UMa. The observations were conducted at various observatories,\ncovering 170 hours and comprising 7,850 data points in total.\n For the majority of targets we confirm previously reported periodicities and\nfor some of them we give, for the first time, their spectroscopic orbital\nperiods. For those dwarf-nova systems which we observed during both quiescence\nand outburst, the increase in brightness was followed by a decrease in the\namount of flickering. Quasi-periodic oscillations have either been discovered,\nor were confirmed. For the eclipsing system V1315 Aql we have covered 9\neclipses, and obtained a refined orbital ephemeris. We find that, during its\nlong baseline of observations, no change in the orbital period of this system\nhas occurred. V1315 Aql also shows eclipses of variable depth.\n" }, { "id": "c360ccbc-e077-4e25-8753-a9d83205f87b", "adv_source_id": "c360ccbc-e077-4e25-8753-a9d83205f87b", "source_id": "c360ccbc-e077-4e25-8753-a9d83205f87b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Mixed finite elements for numerical weather prediction", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show how two-dimensional mixed finite element methods that satisfy the\nconditions of finite element exterior calculus can be used for the horizontal\ndiscretisation of dynamical cores for numerical weather prediction on\npseudo-uniform grids. This family of mixed finite element methods can be\nthought of in the numerical weather prediction context as a generalisation of\nthe popular polygonal C-grid finite difference methods. There are a few major\nadvantages: the mixed finite element methods do not require an orthogonal grid,\nand they allow a degree of flexibility that can be exploited to ensure an\nappropriate ratio between the velocity and pressure degrees of freedom so as to\navoid spurious mode branches in the numerical dispersion relation. These\nmethods preserve several properties of the C-grid method when applied to linear\nbarotropic wave propagation, namely: a) energy conservation, b) mass\nconservation, c) no spurious pressure modes, and d) steady geostrophic modes on\nthe $f$-plane. We explain how these properties are preserved, and describe two\nexamples that can be used on pseudo-uniform grids: the recently-developed\nmodified RT0-Q0 element pair on quadrilaterals and the BDFM1-\\pdg element pair\non triangles. All of these mixed finite element methods have an exact 2:1 ratio\nof velocity degrees of freedom to pressure degrees of freedom. Finally we\nillustrate the properties with some numerical examples.\n" }, { "id": "9a89f465-4260-4bf1-a37c-e05e806b22fe", "adv_source_id": "9a89f465-4260-4bf1-a37c-e05e806b22fe", "source_id": "9a89f465-4260-4bf1-a37c-e05e806b22fe", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Contact homology of $S^1$-bundles over some symplectically reduced\n orbifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we compute contact homology of some quasi-regular contact\nstructures, which admit Hamiltonian actions of Reeb type of Lie groups. We will\ndiscuss the toric contact case, (where the torus is of Reeb type), and the case\nof homogeneous contact manifolds. In both of these cases the quotients by the\nReeb action are K\\\"ahler and admit perfect Morse-Bott functions via the moment\nmap. It turns out that the contact homology depends only on the homology of the\nsymplectic base and the bundle data of the contact manifolds as a circle bundle\nover the base. Moreover we can identify the relevant holomorphic spheres in the\nbases which lift to gradient trajectories of the action functional on the loop\nspace of the symplectization of M. In order to include all toric contact\nmanifolds we extend a result of Bourgeois to the case of circle bundles over\nsymplectic orbifolds. In particular we are able to distinguish contact\nstructures on many contact manifolds all in the same first Chern class of\n$2n$-dimensional plane distributions.\n" }, { "id": "5cfd24cb-2d86-4898-85ca-26756df3de46", "adv_source_id": "5cfd24cb-2d86-4898-85ca-26756df3de46", "source_id": "5cfd24cb-2d86-4898-85ca-26756df3de46", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lopsidedness and Sloshing in Centres of Advanced Mergers of Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We measure the non-axisymmetry in the luminosity distribution in the central\nfew kpc of a sample of advanced mergers of galaxies, by analyzing their 2MASS\nimages. All mergers show a high central asymmetry: the centres of isophotes\nshow a striking sloshing pattern with a spatial variation of upto 30 % within\nthe central 1 kpc; and the Fourier amplitude for lopsidedness (m=1) shows high\nvalues upto 0.2 within the central 5 kpc. The central asymmetry is estimated to\nbe long-lived, lasting for ~ a few Gyr or ~ 100 local dynamical timescales.\nThis will significantly affect the dynamical evolution of this region, by\nhelping fuel the central active galactic nucleus, and also by causing the\nsecular growth of the bulge driven by lopsidedness.\n" }, { "id": "744cf123-051a-443e-b0c2-6cef39045d1e", "adv_source_id": "744cf123-051a-443e-b0c2-6cef39045d1e", "source_id": "744cf123-051a-443e-b0c2-6cef39045d1e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The lowest-mass stellar black holes: catastrophic death of neutron stars\n in gamma-ray bursts", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mergers of double neutron stars are considered the most likely progenitors\nfor short gamma-ray bursts. Indeed such a merger can produce a black hole with\na transient accreting torus of nuclear matter (Lee & Ramirez-Ruiz 2007,\nOechslin & Janka 2006), and the conversion of a fraction of the torus\nmass-energy to radiation can power a gamma-ray burst (Nakar 2006). Using\navailable binary pulsar observations supported by our extensive evolutionary\ncalculations of double neutron star formation, we demonstrate that the fraction\nof mergers that can form a black hole -- torus system depends very sensitively\non the (largely unknown) maximum neutron star mass. We show that the available\nobservations and models put a very stringent constraint on this maximum mass\nunder the assumption that a black hole formation is required to produce a short\ngamma-ray burst in a double neutron star merger. Specifically, we find that the\nmaximum neutron star mass must be within 2 - 2.5 Msun. Moreover, a single\nunambiguous measurement of a neutron star mass above 2.5 Msun would exclude a\nblack hole -- torus central engine model of short gamma-ray bursts in double\nneutron star mergers. Such an observation would also indicate that if in fact\nshort gamma-ray bursts are connected to neutron star mergers, the gamma-ray\nburst engine is best explained by the lesser known model invoking a highly\nmagnetized massive neutron star (e.g., Usov 1992; Kluzniak & Ruderman 1998; Dai\net al. 2006; Metzger, Quataert & Thompson 2007).\n" }, { "id": "bb6f0800-0dd4-4020-b960-337d60a971b1", "adv_source_id": "bb6f0800-0dd4-4020-b960-337d60a971b1", "source_id": "bb6f0800-0dd4-4020-b960-337d60a971b1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Formation of Episodic Magnetically Driven Radiatively Cooled Plasma Jets\n in the Laboratory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on experiments in which magnetically driven radiatively cooled\nplasma jets were produced by a 1 MA, 250 ns current pulse on the MAGPIE pulsed\npower facility. The jets were driven by the pressure of a toroidal magnetic\nfield in a ''magnetic tower'' jet configuration. This scenario is characterized\nby the formation of a magnetically collimated plasma jet on the axis of a\nmagnetic ''bubble'', confined by the ambient medium. The use of a radial\nmetallic foil instead of the radial wire arrays employed in our previous work\nallows for the generation of episodic magnetic tower outflows which emerge\nperiodically on timescales of ~30 ns. The subsequent magnetic bubbles propagate\nwith velocities reaching ~300 km/s and interact with previous eruptions leading\nto the formation of shocks.\n" }, { "id": "3c7866f3-067b-4874-a3e8-7cac2b4d5366", "adv_source_id": "3c7866f3-067b-4874-a3e8-7cac2b4d5366", "source_id": "3c7866f3-067b-4874-a3e8-7cac2b4d5366", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Collective Quartics and Dangerous Singlets in Little Higgs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Any extension of the standard model that aims to describe TeV-scale physics\nwithout fine-tuning must have a radiatively-stable Higgs potential. In little\nHiggs theories, radiative stability is achieved through so-called collective\nsymmetry breaking. In this letter, we focus on the necessary conditions for a\nlittle Higgs to have a collective Higgs quartic coupling. In one-Higgs doublet\nmodels, a collective quartic requires an electroweak triplet scalar. In\ntwo-Higgs doublet models, a collective quartic requires a triplet or singlet\nscalar. As a corollary of this study, we show that some little Higgs theories\nhave dangerous singlets, a pathology where collective symmetry breaking does\nnot suppress quadratically-divergent corrections to the Higgs mass.\n" }, { "id": "a0fe4dee-7b57-4413-9069-9424f49f18f5", "adv_source_id": "a0fe4dee-7b57-4413-9069-9424f49f18f5", "source_id": "a0fe4dee-7b57-4413-9069-9424f49f18f5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Joint Channel Probing and Proportional Fair Scheduling in Wireless\n Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " The design of a scheduling scheme is crucial for the efficiency and\nuser-fairness of wireless networks. Assuming that the quality of all user\nchannels is available to a central controller, a simple scheme which maximizes\nthe utility function defined as the sum logarithm throughput of all users has\nbeen shown to guarantee proportional fairness. However, to acquire the channel\nquality information may consume substantial amount of resources. In this work,\nit is assumed that probing the quality of each user's channel takes a fraction\nof the coherence time, so that the amount of time for data transmission is\nreduced. The multiuser diversity gain does not always increase as the number of\nusers increases. In case the statistics of the channel quality is available to\nthe controller, the problem of sequential channel probing for user scheduling\nis formulated as an optimal stopping time problem. A joint channel probing and\nproportional fair scheduling scheme is developed. This scheme is extended to\nthe case where the channel statistics are not available to the controller, in\nwhich case a joint learning, probing and scheduling scheme is designed by\nstudying a generalized bandit problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the\nproposed scheduling schemes can provide significant gain over existing schemes.\n" }, { "id": "7a6c3a80-879e-4a31-afd1-9f0ff75a916d", "adv_source_id": "7a6c3a80-879e-4a31-afd1-9f0ff75a916d", "source_id": "7a6c3a80-879e-4a31-afd1-9f0ff75a916d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Steady state thermal transport in anharmonic systems: Application to\n molecular junctions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a general theory for thermal transport in anharmonic systems under\nthe weak system-bath coupling approximation similar to the quantum master\nequation formalism. A current operator is derived, which is valid not only in\nthe steady state, but in the transient regime as well. Here we focus on the\neffects of anharmonicity on the steady-state thermal conductance of a mono and\ndiatomic molecular junctions. We also study molecules being confined in a\ndouble-well potential. We find that when the molecules have a non-linear\non-site potential the low-temperature thermal conductance is dramatically\naffected by the strength of non-linearity, whereas for the diatomic molecule\nconnected by an anharmonic spring the strength of anharmonicity plays almost no\nrole in the low-temperature regime. In case of the molecules confined in a\ndouble-well potential we find that the height of the barrier greatly affects\nthe thermal conductance; once the molecules can feel the effect of the barrier\nwe observe negative differential thermal conductance at both high and low\ntemperatures.\n" }, { "id": "c8285d8a-2f0c-4fb3-a11b-a831b88da009", "adv_source_id": "c8285d8a-2f0c-4fb3-a11b-a831b88da009", "source_id": "c8285d8a-2f0c-4fb3-a11b-a831b88da009", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the X-ray low- and high-velocity outflows in AGNs", "prompt": null, "generation": " An exploration of the relationship between bolometric luminosity and outflow\nvelocity, for two classes of X-ray outflows in a large sample of active\ngalactic nuclei has been performed. We find that line radiation pressure could\nbe one physical mechanism that might accelerate the gas we observe in warm\nabsorber, v~100-1000 km/s, and on comparable but less stringent grounds the\nultra-fast outflows (UFOs), v~0.03-0.3c. If comparable with the escape velocity\nof the system; the first is naturally located at distances of the dusty torus,\n~ 1 pc, and the second at sub-parsec scales, ~ 0.01 pc, in accordance with\nlarge set of observational evidence existing in the literature. The\npresentation of this relationship might give us key clues for our understanding\nof the different physical mechanisms acting in the center of galaxies, the\nfeedback process and its impact on the evolution of the host galaxy.\n" }, { "id": "261a0c5f-6527-41b9-95db-db40dce80ecc", "adv_source_id": "261a0c5f-6527-41b9-95db-db40dce80ecc", "source_id": "261a0c5f-6527-41b9-95db-db40dce80ecc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Importance of subleading corrections for the Mott critical point", "prompt": null, "generation": " The interaction-induced metal-insulator transition should be in the Ising\nuniversality class. Experiments on layered organic superconductors suggest that\nthe observed critical endpoint of the first-order Mott transition belongs\ninstead to a different universality class. To address this question, we use\ndynamical mean-field theory and a cluster generalization that is necessary to\naccount for short-range spatial correlations in two dimensions. Such\ncalculations can give information on crossover effects, in particular quantum\nones, that are not included in the simplest mean-field. In the cluster\ncalculation, a canonical transformation that minimizes the sign problem in\ncontinuous-time quantum Monte Carlo calculations allows us to obtain very\naccurate results for double occupancy. These results show that there are\nimportant subleading corrections that can lead to apparent exponents that are\ndifferent from mean-field. Experiments on optical lattices could verify our\npredictions.\n" }, { "id": "e6c5a929-ffb5-4848-8aa3-972cb240c515", "adv_source_id": "e6c5a929-ffb5-4848-8aa3-972cb240c515", "source_id": "e6c5a929-ffb5-4848-8aa3-972cb240c515", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Hydrostatic pressure study of the structural phase transitions and\n superconductivity in single crystals of (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2 (x = 0 and 0.45) and\n CaFe2As2", "prompt": null, "generation": " We studied the effect of hydrostatic pressure (P) on the structural phase\ntransitions and superconductivity in the ternary and pseudo-ternary iron\narsenides CaFe2As2, BaFe2As2, and (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2, by means of measurements\nof electrical resistivity (rho) in the 1.8 - 300 K temperature (T) range,\npressures up to 20 kbar, and magnetic fields up to 9 T. CaFe2As2 and BaFe2As2\n(lightly doped with Sn) display structural phase transitions near 170 K and 85\nK, respectively, and do not exhibit superconductivity in ambient pressure,\nwhile K-doped (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2 is superconducting for T < 30 K. The effect\nof pressure on BaFe2As2 is to shift the onset of the crystallographic\ntransformation down in temperature at the rate of about -1.04 K/kbar, while\nshifting the whole rho(T) curves downward, whereas its effect on\nsuperconducting (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2 is to shift the onset of superconductivity\nto lower temperatures at the rate of about -0.21 K/kbar. The effect of pressure\non CaFe2As2 is first to suppress the crystallographic transformation and induce\nsuperconductivity with onset near 12 K very rapidly, i.e., for P < 5 kbar.\nHowever, higher pressures bring about another phase transformation\ncharacterized by reduced resistivity, and the suppression of superconductivity,\nconfining superconductivity to a narrow pressure dome centered near 5 kbar.\nUpper critical field (Hc2) data in (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2 and CaFe2As2 are\ndiscussed.\n" }, { "id": "679ae210-ebcc-4e18-a2f6-a63d6155bd8b", "adv_source_id": "679ae210-ebcc-4e18-a2f6-a63d6155bd8b", "source_id": "679ae210-ebcc-4e18-a2f6-a63d6155bd8b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Schrodinger Equation on homogeneous trees", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let T be a homogeneous tree and L the Laplace operator on T. We consider the\nsemilinear Schrodinger equation associated to L with a power-like nonlinearity\nF of degree d. We first obtain dispersive estimates and Strichartz estimates\nwith no admissibility conditions. We next deduce global well-posedness for\nsmall L2 data with no gauge invariance assumption on the nonlinearity F. On the\nother hand if F is gauge invariant, L2 conservation leads to global\nwell-posedness for arbitrary L2 data. Notice that, in contrast with the\nEuclidean case, these global well-posedness results hold with no restriction on\nd > 1. We finally prove scattering for small L2 data, with no gauge invariance\nassumption.\n" }, { "id": "e1367d69-c019-4226-b2a7-eef47c8710a5", "adv_source_id": "e1367d69-c019-4226-b2a7-eef47c8710a5", "source_id": "e1367d69-c019-4226-b2a7-eef47c8710a5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evolution of Currents of Opposite Signs in the Flare Productive Solar\n Active Region NOAA 10930", "prompt": null, "generation": " Analysis of a time series of high spatial resolution vector magnetograms of\nthe active region NOAA 10930 available from SOT/SP on-board Hinode revealed\nthat there is a mixture of upward and downward currents in the two foot-points\nof an emerging flux-rope. The flux emergence rate is almost the same in both\nthe polarities. We observe that along with an increase in magnetic flux, the\nnet current in each polarity increases initially for about three days after\nwhich it decreases. This net current is characterized by having exactly\nopposite signs in each polarities while its magnitude remains almost the same\nmost of the time. The decrease of net current in both the polarities is due to\nthe increase of current having a sign opposite to that of the net current. The\ndominant current, with same sign as the net current, is seen to increase first\nand then decreases during the major X-class flares. Evolution of non-dominant\ncurrent appears to be a necessary condition for a flare initiation. The above\nobservations can have a plausible explanation in terms of the superposition of\ntwo different force-free states resulting in non-zero Lorentz force in the\ncorona. This Lorentz force then push the coronal plasma and might facilitate\nthe magnetic reconnection required for flares. Also, the evolution of the net\ncurrent is found to follow the evolution of magnetic shear at the polarity\ninversion line.\n" }, { "id": "c11e657a-2cd8-400f-94d7-0b27bb19985e", "adv_source_id": "c11e657a-2cd8-400f-94d7-0b27bb19985e", "source_id": "c11e657a-2cd8-400f-94d7-0b27bb19985e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Iterative estimating equations: Linear convergence and asymptotic\n properties", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose an iterative estimating equations procedure for analysis of\nlongitudinal data. We show that, under very mild conditions, the probability\nthat the procedure converges at an exponential rate tends to one as the sample\nsize increases to infinity. Furthermore, we show that the limiting estimator is\nconsistent and asymptotically efficient, as expected. The method applies to\nsemiparametric regression models with unspecified covariances among the\nobservations. In the special case of linear models, the procedure reduces to\niterative reweighted least squares. Finite sample performance of the procedure\nis studied by simulations, and compared with other methods. A numerical example\nfrom a medical study is considered to illustrate the application of the method.\n" }, { "id": "906a8c1a-898d-4f82-bee2-d55a2dcb897c", "adv_source_id": "906a8c1a-898d-4f82-bee2-d55a2dcb897c", "source_id": "906a8c1a-898d-4f82-bee2-d55a2dcb897c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Finite energy spectral function of an anisotropic 2D system of coupled\n Hubbard chains", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the crossover from the one-dimensional to the two-dimensional\nHubbard model in the photoemission spectra of weakly coupled chains. The chains\nwith on-site repulsion are treated using the spin-charge factorized wave\nfunction, that is known to provide an essentially exact description of the\nchain in the strong coupling limit. The hoppings between the chains are\nconsidered as a perturbation. We calculate the dynamical spectral function at\nall energies in the random-phase approximation, by resuming an infinite set of\ndiagrams. Even though the hoppings drive the system from a fractionalized\nLuttinger-liquid-like system to a Fermi-liquid-like system at low energies,\nsignificant characteristics of the one-dimensional system remain in the\ntwo-dimensional system. Furthermore, we find that introducing (frustrating)\nhoppings beyond the nearest neighbor one, the interference effects increase the\nenergy and momentum range of the one--dimensional character.\n" }, { "id": "718769b7-0ee1-4a01-b6ba-bf56287122b5", "adv_source_id": "718769b7-0ee1-4a01-b6ba-bf56287122b5", "source_id": "718769b7-0ee1-4a01-b6ba-bf56287122b5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An Orbit Fit for the Grillmair Dionatos Cold Stellar Stream", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use velocity and metallicity information from SDSS and SEGUE stellar\nspectroscopy to fit an orbit to the narrow $63^\\circ$ stellar stream of\nGrillmair and Dionatos. The stars in the stream have a retrograde orbit with\neccentricity $e = 0.33$ (perigalacticon of 14.4 kpc and apogalacticon of 28.7\nkpc) and inclination approximately $i \\sim 35^\\circ$. In the region of the\norbit which is detected, it has a distance of about 7 to 11 kpc from the Sun.\nAssuming a standard disk plus bulge and logarithmic halo potential for the\nMilky Way stars plus dark matter, the stream stars are moving with a large\nspace velocity of approximately $276 \\rm km s^{-1}$ at perigalacticon. Using\nthis stream alone, we are unable to determine if the dark matter halo is oblate\nor prolate. The metallicity of the stream is [Fe/H] $= -2.1\\pm0.1$. Observed\nproper motions for individual stream members above the main sequence turnoff\nare consistent with the derived orbit. None of the known globular clusters in\nthe Milky Way have positions, radial velocities, and metallicities that are\nconsistent with being the progenitor of the GD-1 stream.\n" }, { "id": "99a7197d-aae6-407d-a509-cf1b5417d7cc", "adv_source_id": "99a7197d-aae6-407d-a509-cf1b5417d7cc", "source_id": "99a7197d-aae6-407d-a509-cf1b5417d7cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Regularized estimation of large covariance matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper considers estimating a covariance matrix of $p$ variables from $n$\nobservations by either banding or tapering the sample covariance matrix, or\nestimating a banded version of the inverse of the covariance. We show that\nthese estimates are consistent in the operator norm as long as $(\\log\np)/n\\to0$, and obtain explicit rates. The results are uniform over some fairly\nnatural well-conditioned families of covariance matrices. We also introduce an\nanalogue of the Gaussian white noise model and show that if the population\ncovariance is embeddable in that model and well-conditioned, then the banded\napproximations produce consistent estimates of the eigenvalues and associated\neigenvectors of the covariance matrix. The results can be extended to smooth\nversions of banding and to non-Gaussian distributions with sufficiently short\ntails. A resampling approach is proposed for choosing the banding parameter in\npractice. This approach is illustrated numerically on both simulated and real\ndata.\n" }, { "id": "fce5ef78-09ff-4110-9688-a88612793cc0", "adv_source_id": "fce5ef78-09ff-4110-9688-a88612793cc0", "source_id": "fce5ef78-09ff-4110-9688-a88612793cc0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Robust dimension free isoperimetry in Gaussian space", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove the first robust dimension free isoperimetric result for the\nstandard Gaussian measure $\\gamma_n$ and the corresponding boundary measure\n$\\gamma_n^+$ in $\\mathbb {R}^n$. The main result in the theory of Gaussian\nisoperimetry (proven in the 1970s by Sudakov and Tsirelson, and independently\nby Borell) states that if $\\gamma_n(A)=1/2$ then the surface area of $A$ is\nbounded by the surface area of a half-space with the same measure,\n$\\gamma_n^+(A)\\leq(2\\pi)^{-1/2}$. Our results imply in particular that if\n$A\\subset \\mathbb {R}^n$ satisfies $\\gamma_n(A)=1/2$ and\n$\\gamma_n^+(A)\\leq(2\\pi)^{-1/2}+\\delta$ then there exists a half-space\n$B\\subset \\mathbb {R}^n$ such that $\\gamma_n(A\\Delta B)\\leq\nC\\smash{\\log^{-1/2}}(1/\\delta)$ for an absolute constant $C$. Since the\nGaussian isoperimetric result was established, only recently a robust version\nof the Gaussian isoperimetric result was obtained by Cianchi et al., who showed\nthat $\\gamma_n(A\\Delta B)\\le C(n)\\sqrt{\\delta}$ for some function $C(n)$ with\nno effective bounds. Compared to the results of Cianchi et al., our results\nhave optimal (i.e., no) dependence on the dimension, but worse dependence on $\n\\delta$.\n" }, { "id": "5534a5f5-9bd3-4d78-91e6-f1a2e1763837", "adv_source_id": "5534a5f5-9bd3-4d78-91e6-f1a2e1763837", "source_id": "5534a5f5-9bd3-4d78-91e6-f1a2e1763837", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quark matter in compact stars: astrophysical implications and possible\n signatures", "prompt": null, "generation": " After a brief non technical introduction of the basic properties of strange\nquark matter (SQM) in compact stars, we consider some of the late important\nadvances in the field, and discuss some recent astrophysical observational data\nthat could shed new light on the possible presence of SQM in compact stars. We\nshow that above a threshold value of the gravitational mass a neutron star\n(pure hadronic star) is metastable to the decay (conversion) to an hybrid\nneutron star or to a strange star. We explore the consequences of the\nmetastability of \"massive\" neutron stars and of the existence of stable compact\n\"quark\" stars (hybrid neutron stars or strange stars) on the concept of\nlimiting mass of compact stars, and we give an extension of this concept with\nrespect to the \"classical\" one given in 1939 by Oppenheimer and Volkoff.\n" }, { "id": "2f0f0d01-35f6-4fea-82f6-a18b18ce0303", "adv_source_id": "2f0f0d01-35f6-4fea-82f6-a18b18ce0303", "source_id": "2f0f0d01-35f6-4fea-82f6-a18b18ce0303", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Recovery of radioisotopes from nuclear waste for\n radio-scintillator-luminescence energy applications", "prompt": null, "generation": " Extraction of the light weight radioisotopes (LWR) 89Sr/90Sr, from the\nexpended nuclear bars in the Fukushima reactor, should have decreased the\nextent of contamination during the course of the accident. 89Sr applications\ncould pay for the extraction of 89Sr/90Sr from nuclear residues. Added value\ncould be obtained by using 89Sr for cancer treatments. Known technologies could\nbe used to relate into innovative ways LWR, to obtain nuclear energy at battery\nscale. LWR interact by contact with scintillators converting \\beta-radiation\ninto light-energy. This would lead to manufacturing scintillator lamps which\noperate independently of other source of energy. These lamps could be used to\ngenerate photoelectric energy. Engineering of radioisotopes scintillator\nphotovoltaic cells, would lead to devices without moving parts.\n" }, { "id": "aa3ee0bc-fb25-4ad2-9606-5115d990cce6", "adv_source_id": "aa3ee0bc-fb25-4ad2-9606-5115d990cce6", "source_id": "aa3ee0bc-fb25-4ad2-9606-5115d990cce6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A universal procedure for aggregating estimators", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we study the aggregation problem that can be formulated as\nfollows. Assume that we have a family of estimators $\\mathcal{F}$ built on the\nbasis of available observations. The goal is to construct a new estimator whose\nrisk is as close as possible to that of the best estimator in the family. We\npropose a general aggregation scheme that is universal in the following sense:\nit applies for families of arbitrary estimators and a wide variety of models\nand global risk measures. The procedure is based on comparison of empirical\nestimates of certain linear functionals with estimates induced by the family\n$\\mathcal{F}$. We derive oracle inequalities and show that they are\nunimprovable in some sense. Numerical results demonstrate good practical\nbehavior of the procedure.\n" }, { "id": "6d929d86-c449-42ae-ae9d-f9bf016ef1ae", "adv_source_id": "6d929d86-c449-42ae-ae9d-f9bf016ef1ae", "source_id": "6d929d86-c449-42ae-ae9d-f9bf016ef1ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entanglement and Sources of Magnetic Anisotropy in Radical Pair-Based\n Avian Magnetoreceptors", "prompt": null, "generation": " One of the principal models of magnetic sensing in migratory birds rests on\nthe quantum spin-dynamics of transient radical pairs created photochemically in\nocular cryptochrome proteins. We consider here the role of electron spin\nentanglement and coherence in determining the sensitivity of a radical\npair-based geomagnetic compass and the origins of the directional response. It\nemerges that the anisotropy of radical pairs formed from spin-polarized\nmolecular triplets could form the basis of a more sensitive compass sensor than\none founded on the conventional hyperfine-anisotropy model. This property\noffers new and more flexible opportunities for the design of biologically\ninspired magnetic compass sensors.\n" }, { "id": "55aa034d-33f1-498d-b65f-2a0348c82164", "adv_source_id": "55aa034d-33f1-498d-b65f-2a0348c82164", "source_id": "55aa034d-33f1-498d-b65f-2a0348c82164", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Real next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to J/psi and Upsilon\n hadroproduction in association with a photon", "prompt": null, "generation": " We update the study of the QCD corrections to direct J/psi and Upsilon\nhadroproduction in association with a photon in the QCD-based approach of the\nColour-Singlet (CS) Model. After comparison with the recent full\nnext-to-leading-order (NLO) computation for this process, we provide an\nindependent confirmation to the inclusive case that NLO QCD corrections to\nquarkonium-production processes whose LO exhibits a non-leading P_T behaviour\ncan be reliably computed at mid and large P_T by considering only the real\nemission contributions accompanied with a kinematical cut. In turn, we evaluate\nthe leading part of the alpha^4_S alpha contributions, namely those coming from\n(J/psi,Upsilon)+gamma associated with two light partons. We find that they are\ndominant at mid and large P_T. This confirms our expectations from the leading\nP_T scaling of the new topologies appearing at NNLO. We obtain that the yield\nfrom the CS becomes one order of magnitude larger than the upper value of the\npotential Colour-Octet yield. The polarization of the 3S1 quarkonia produced in\nassociation with a photon is confirmed to be longitudinal at mid and large P_T.\n" }, { "id": "bcd3f8e2-8b8c-4806-881d-cda1d1eb4c9d", "adv_source_id": "bcd3f8e2-8b8c-4806-881d-cda1d1eb4c9d", "source_id": "bcd3f8e2-8b8c-4806-881d-cda1d1eb4c9d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin Frustration and Magnetic Exchange in Cobalt Aluminum Oxide Spinels", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, electron- spin\nresonance and heat- capacity studies of Co[Al_1-xCo_x]_2O_4 for Co\nconcentrations 0 10 indicates the presence of strong\nspin frustration at least for x < 0.6. The frustration mechanism is attributed\nto competing nearest neighbor and next-nearest neighbor superexchange\ninteractions between the A-site Co^2+ ions.\n" }, { "id": "506fb947-7c98-48bb-a9a4-56b20e4b5bd0", "adv_source_id": "506fb947-7c98-48bb-a9a4-56b20e4b5bd0", "source_id": "506fb947-7c98-48bb-a9a4-56b20e4b5bd0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A framework for the interactive resolution of multi-objective vehicle\n routing problems", "prompt": null, "generation": " The article presents a framework for the resolution of rich vehicle routing\nproblems which are difficult to address with standard optimization techniques.\nWe use local search on the basis on variable neighborhood search for the\nconstruction of the solutions, but embed the techniques in a flexible framework\nthat allows the consideration of complex side constraints of the problem such\nas time windows, multiple depots, heterogeneous fleets, and, in particular,\nmultiple optimization criteria. In order to identify a compromise alternative\nthat meets the requirements of the decision maker, an interactive procedure is\nintegrated in the resolution of the problem, allowing the modification of the\npreference information articulated by the decision maker. The framework is\nprototypically implemented in a computer system. First results of test runs on\nmultiple depot vehicle routing problems with time windows are reported.\n" }, { "id": "2e694317-085f-42f2-a244-ab8c101d5040", "adv_source_id": "2e694317-085f-42f2-a244-ab8c101d5040", "source_id": "2e694317-085f-42f2-a244-ab8c101d5040", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Binary switching in a symmetric potential landscape", "prompt": null, "generation": " The general methodology of binary switching requires tilting of potential\nlandscape along the desired direction of switching. The tilt generates a torque\nalong the direction of switching and the degree of tilt should be sufficient\nenough to beat thermal agitations with a tolerable error probability. However,\nwe show here that such tilt is not necessary. Considering the full\nthree-dimensional motion, we point out that the built-in dynamics can\nfacilitate switching without requiring any asymmetry in potential landscape\neven in the presence of thermal noise. With experimentally feasible parameters,\nwe theoretically demonstrate such intriguing possibility in electric\nfield-induced magnetization switching of a magnetostrictive nanomagnet.\n" }, { "id": "7d53da8c-1f7b-4cc3-ad4a-9a9d9a739574", "adv_source_id": "7d53da8c-1f7b-4cc3-ad4a-9a9d9a739574", "source_id": "7d53da8c-1f7b-4cc3-ad4a-9a9d9a739574", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Euclid Imaging Consortium Science Book", "prompt": null, "generation": " The energy density of the Universe is dominated by dark energy and dark\nmatter, two mysterious components which pose some of the most important\nquestions in fundamental science today. Euclid is a high-precision survey\nmission designed to answer these questions by mapping the geometry of the dark\nUniverse. Euclid's Visible-NIR imaging and spectroscopy of the entire\nextragalactic sky will further produce extensive legacy science for various\nfields of astronomy. Over the 2008-2009 period, Euclid has been the object of\nan ESA Assessment Phase in which the study of the Euclid Imaging instrument was\nunder the responsibility of the Euclid Imaging Consortium (EIC). The EIC\nScience Book presents the studies done by the EIC science working groups in the\ncontext of this study phase. We first give a brief description of the Euclid\nmission and of the imaging instrument and surveys. We then summarise the\nprimary and legacy science which will be achieved with the Euclid imaging\nsurveys, along with the simulations and data handling scheme which have been\ndeveloped to optimise the instrument and ensure its science performance.\n" }, { "id": "ab3a66ff-b5c4-4751-a603-875630f89cba", "adv_source_id": "ab3a66ff-b5c4-4751-a603-875630f89cba", "source_id": "ab3a66ff-b5c4-4751-a603-875630f89cba", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Look-Ahead Benchmark Bias in Portfolio Performance Evaluation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Performance of investment managers are evaluated in comparison with\nbenchmarks, such as financial indices. Due to the operational constraint that\nmost professional databases do not track the change of constitution of\nbenchmark portfolios, standard tests of performance suffer from the \"look-ahead\nbenchmark bias,\" when they use the assets constituting the benchmarks of\nreference at the end of the testing period, rather than at the beginning of the\nperiod. Here, we report that the \"look-ahead benchmark bias\" can exhibit a\nsurprisingly large amplitude for portfolios of common stocks (up to 8% annum\nfor the S&P500 taken as the benchmark) -- while most studies have emphasized\nrelated survival biases in performance of mutual and hedge funds for which the\nbiases can be expected to be even larger. We use the CRSP database from 1926 to\n2006 and analyze the running top 500 US capitalizations to demonstrate that\nthis bias can account for a gross overestimation of performance metrics such as\nthe Sharpe ratio as well as an underestimation of risk, as measured for\ninstance by peak-to-valley drawdowns. We demonstrate the presence of a\nsignificant bias in the estimation of the survival and look-ahead biases\nstudied in the literature. A general methodology to test the properties of\ninvestment strategies is advanced in terms of random strategies with similar\ninvestment constraints.\n" }, { "id": "f07e99e5-9fd6-4ff8-8374-49ffd0e499c3", "adv_source_id": "f07e99e5-9fd6-4ff8-8374-49ffd0e499c3", "source_id": "f07e99e5-9fd6-4ff8-8374-49ffd0e499c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kinetic Simulations of Magnetized Turbulence in Astrophysical Plasmas", "prompt": null, "generation": " This letter presents the first ab initio, fully electromagnetic, kinetic\nsimulations of magnetized turbulence in a homogeneous, weakly collisional\nplasma at the scale of the ion Larmor radius (ion gyroscale). Magnetic and\nelectric-field energy spectra show a break at the ion gyroscale; the spectral\nslopes are consistent with scaling predictions for critically balanced\nturbulence of Alfven waves above the ion gyroscale (spectral index -5/3) and of\nkinetic Alfven waves below the ion gyroscale (spectral indices of -7/3 for\nmagnetic and -1/3 for electric fluctuations). This behavior is also\nqualitatively consistent with in situ measurements of turbulence in the solar\nwind. Our findings support the hypothesis that the frequencies of turbulent\nfluctuations in the solar wind remain well below the ion cyclotron frequency\nboth above and below the ion gyroscale.\n" }, { "id": "02ffd37a-1f71-4b4b-8322-e2d4c83c27c1", "adv_source_id": "02ffd37a-1f71-4b4b-8322-e2d4c83c27c1", "source_id": "02ffd37a-1f71-4b4b-8322-e2d4c83c27c1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulation of Robustness against Lesions of Cortical Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Structure entails function and thus a structural description of the brain\nwill help to understand its function and may provide insights into many\nproperties of brain systems, from their robustness and recovery from damage, to\ntheir dynamics and even their evolution. Advances in the analysis of complex\nnetworks provide useful new approaches to understanding structural and\nfunctional properties of brain networks. Structural properties of networks\nrecently described allow their characterization as small-world, random\n(exponential) and scale-free. They complement the set of other properties that\nhave been explored in the context of brain connectivity, such as topology,\nhodology, clustering, and hierarchical organization. Here we apply new network\nanalysis methods to cortical inter-areal connectivity networks for the cat and\nmacaque brains. We compare these corticocortical fibre networks to benchmark\nrewired, small-world, scale-free and random networks, using two analysis\nstrategies, in which we measure the effects of the removal of nodes and\nconnections on the structural properties of the cortical networks. The brain\nnetworks' structural decay is in most respects similar to that of scale-free\nnetworks. The results implicate highly connected hub-nodes and bottleneck\nconnections as structural basis for some of the conditional robustness of brain\nsystems. This informs the understanding of the development of brain networks'\nconnectivity.\n" }, { "id": "8257b389-92e9-4dd0-b5ee-5f443c5138ae", "adv_source_id": "8257b389-92e9-4dd0-b5ee-5f443c5138ae", "source_id": "8257b389-92e9-4dd0-b5ee-5f443c5138ae", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Weak Gravity Conjecture, Central Charges and $\\eta/s$", "prompt": null, "generation": " We correlate the weak gravity conjecture (WGC), the KSS conjecture with\nchemical potential at extremality and the central charges by going through a\nparticular example in five dimensional AdS spacetime with two unknown\ncoefficients $c_1, c_2$, assuming WGC exists in AdS spacetime. The result that\nfollows from this example suggests that WGC makes the KSS conjecture to hold in\nthe extremal limit but only when one of the coefficient vanishes ($c_1=0,\nc_2\\neq 0$ or $c_2=0, c_1\\neq 0$) and when both the coefficients are non zero\nit can respect and/or violate the KSS conjecture depending on the choice to\n$c_1$ at extremality, even though $\\eta/s$ do not depend on $c_1$ at\nextremality. Moreover, WGC is not fully compatible with the calculation of\ncentral charges even though the bounds on coefficient $c_1$ that follows from\ndemanding WGC stays within the bounds that central charges predict. As usual,\nthe KSS conjecture is violated, of course, in the non-extremal limit.\n" }, { "id": "c1a86ddc-18b4-4cf5-ba18-cef623113e4f", "adv_source_id": "c1a86ddc-18b4-4cf5-ba18-cef623113e4f", "source_id": "c1a86ddc-18b4-4cf5-ba18-cef623113e4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitino Freeze-In", "prompt": null, "generation": " We explore an alternative mechanism for the production of gravitino dark\nmatter whereby relic gravitinos originate from the decays of superpartners\nwhich are still in thermal equilibrium, i.e. via freeze-in. Contributions to\nthe gravitino abundance from freeze-in can easily dominate over those from\nthermal scattering over a broad range of parameter space, e.g. when the scalar\nsuperpartners are heavy. Because the relic abundance from freeze-in is\nindependent of the reheating temperature after inflation, collider measurements\nmay be used to unambiguously reconstruct the freeze-in origin of gravitinos. In\nparticular, if gravitino freeze-in indeed accounts for the present day dark\nmatter abundance, then the lifetime of the next-to-lightest superpartner is\nuniquely fixed by the superpartner spectrum.\n" }, { "id": "04d98da4-d233-4ac3-b222-0e515c39ace5", "adv_source_id": "04d98da4-d233-4ac3-b222-0e515c39ace5", "source_id": "04d98da4-d233-4ac3-b222-0e515c39ace5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulation of impact and fragmentation with the material point method", "prompt": null, "generation": " The simulation of high-rate deformation and failure of metals is has\ntraditionally been performed using Lagrangian finite element methods or\nEulerian hydrocodes. Lagrangian mesh-based methods are limited by issues\ninvolving mesh entanglement under large deformation and considerable complexity\nin handling contact. On the other hand, Eulerian hydrocodes are prone to\nmaterial diffusion. In the Material Point Method (MPM), the material state is\ndefined on solid Lagrangian particles. The particles interact with other\nparticles in the same body, with other solid bodies, or with fluids through a\nbackground mesh. Thus, some of the problems associated with finite element\ncodes and hydrocodes are alleviated. Another attractive feature of the material\npoint method is the ease with which large deformation, fully coupled,\nfluid-structure interaction problems can be handled. In this work, we present\nMPM simulations that involve large plastic deformations, contact, material\nfailure and fragmentation, and fluid-structure interaction.\n" }, { "id": "5aaa603b-0b8c-4617-8053-a3b2a6014786", "adv_source_id": "5aaa603b-0b8c-4617-8053-a3b2a6014786", "source_id": "5aaa603b-0b8c-4617-8053-a3b2a6014786", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the degeneracy of the tidal Love number k2 in multi-layer planetary\n models: application to Saturn and GJ436b", "prompt": null, "generation": " In order to accurately model giant planets, a whole set of observational\nconstraints is needed. As the conventional constraints for extrasolar planets\nlike mass, radius, and temperature allow for a large number of acceptable\nmodels, a new planetary parameter is desirable in order to further constrain\nplanetary models. Such a parameter may be the tidal Love number k2. In this\npaper we aim to study the capability of k2 to reveal further information about\nthe interior structure of a planet. With theoretical planetary models we\ninvestigate how the tidal Love number k2 responds to the internal density\ndistribution of a planet. In particular, we demonstrate the effect of the\ndegeneracy of k2 due to a density discontinuity in the envelope of a\nthree-layer planetary model. The effect of a possible outer density\ndiscontinuity masks the effect of the core mass on the Love number k2. Hence,\nthere is no unique relationship between the Love number k2 and the core mass of\na planet. We show that the degeneracy of k2 with respect to a layer boundary in\nthe envelope also occurs in existing planets, e.g. Saturn and the Hot Neptune\nGJ436b. As a result of the degeneracy, the planetary parameter k2 cannot be\nused to further constrain Saturnian models and for GJ436b only a maximum\npossible core mass can be derived from a given k2. To significantly narrow the\nuncertainty about the core mass of GJ436b the combined knowledge of k2 and\natmospheric metallicity and temperature profile is necessary.\n" }, { "id": "9ff2f13f-d1d6-4e81-8c1b-b438b66d3677", "adv_source_id": "9ff2f13f-d1d6-4e81-8c1b-b438b66d3677", "source_id": "9ff2f13f-d1d6-4e81-8c1b-b438b66d3677", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Singular responses of spin-incoherent Luttinger liquids", "prompt": null, "generation": " When a local potential changes abruptly in time, an electron gas shifts to a\nnew state which at long times is orthogonal to the one in the absence of the\nlocal potential. This is known as Anderson's orthogonality catastrophe and it\nis relevant for the so-called X-ray edge or Fermi edge singularity, and for\ntunneling into an interacting one dimensional system of fermions. It often\nhappens that the finite frequency response of the photon absorption or the\ntunneling density of states exhibits a singular behavior as a function of\nfrequency: $(\\frac{\\omega_{\\rm th}}{\\omega-\\omega_{\\rm\nth}})^\\alpha\\Theta(\\omega-\\omega_{\\rm th})$ where $\\omega_{\\rm th}$ is a\nthreshold frequency and $\\alpha$ is an exponent characterizing the singular\nresponse. In this paper singular responses of spin-incoherent Luttinger liquids\nare reviewed. Such responses most often do not fall into the familiar form\nabove, but instead typically exhibit logarithmic corrections and display a much\nhigher universality in terms of the microscopic interactions in the theory.\nSpecific predictions are made, the current experimental situation is\nsummarized, and key outstanding theoretical issues related to spin-incoherent\nLuttinger liquids are highlighted.\n" }, { "id": "4b1deaa5-ca25-4da7-bcc1-90b71b2f8ff7", "adv_source_id": "4b1deaa5-ca25-4da7-bcc1-90b71b2f8ff7", "source_id": "4b1deaa5-ca25-4da7-bcc1-90b71b2f8ff7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Integral field spectroscopy of selected areas of the Bright Bar and\n Orion-S cloud in the Orion Nebula", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present integral field spectroscopy of two selected zones in the Orion\nNebula obtained with the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer (PMAS),\ncovering the optical spectral range from 3500 to 7200 A and with a spatial\nresolution of 1\". The observed zones are located on the prominent Bright Bar\nand on the brightest area at the northeast of the Orion South cloud, both\ncontaining remarkable ionization fronts. We obtain maps of emission line fluxes\nand ratios, electron density and temperatures, and chemical abundances. We\nstudy the ionization structure and morphology of both fields, which ionization\nfronts show different inclination angles with respect to the plane of the sky.\nWe find that the maps of electron density, O+/H+ and O/H ratios show a rather\nsimilar structure. We interpret this as produced by the strong dependence on\ndensity of the [OII] lines used to derive the O+ abundance, and that our\nnominal values of electron density-derived from the [SII] line ratio-may be\nslightly higher than the appropriate value for the O+ zone. We measure the\nfaint recombination lines of OII in the field at the northeast of the Orion\nSouth cloud allowing us to explore the so-called abundance discrepancy problem.\nWe find a rather constant abundance discrepancy across the field and a mean\nvalue similar to that determined in other areas of the Orion Nebula, indicating\nthat the particular physical conditions of this ionization front do not\ncontribute to this discrepancy.\n" }, { "id": "cd7afb27-b586-4aec-aa70-1b5ddf7ae058", "adv_source_id": "cd7afb27-b586-4aec-aa70-1b5ddf7ae058", "source_id": "cd7afb27-b586-4aec-aa70-1b5ddf7ae058", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "REVIEW. Quantum optics with ultracold quantum gases: towards the full\n quantum regime of the light-matter interaction", "prompt": null, "generation": " Although the study of ultracold quantum gases trapped by light is a prominent\ndirection of modern research, the quantum properties of light were widely\nneglected in this field. Quantum optics with quantum gases closes this gap and\naddresses phenomena, where the quantum statistical nature of both light and\nultracold matter play equally important roles. First, light can serve as a\nquantum nondemolition (QND) probe of the quantum dynamics of various ultracold\nparticles from ultracold atomic and molecular gases to nanoparticles and\nnanomechanical systems. Second, due to dynamic light-matter entanglement,\nprojective measurement-based preparation of the many-body states is possible,\nwhere the class of emerging atomic states can be designed via optical geometry.\nLight scattering constitutes such a quantum measurement with controllable\nmeasurement back-action. As in cavity-based spin squeezing, atom number\nsqueezed and Schroedinger cat states can be prepared. Third, trapping atoms\ninside an optical cavity one creates optical potentials and forces, which are\nnot prescribed but quantized and dynamical variables themselves. Ultimately,\ncavity QED with quantum gases requires a self-consistent solution for light and\nparticles, which enriches the picture of quantum many-body states of atoms\ntrapped in quantum potentials. This will allow quantum simulations of phenomena\nrelated to the physics of phonons, polarons, polaritons and other quantum\nquasiparticles.\n" }, { "id": "3851884c-dfb8-465b-aef4-7314fd4eb7fb", "adv_source_id": "3851884c-dfb8-465b-aef4-7314fd4eb7fb", "source_id": "3851884c-dfb8-465b-aef4-7314fd4eb7fb", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Formal Concept Analysis for Information Retrieval", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we describe a mechanism to improve Information Retrieval (IR)\non the web. The method is based on Formal Concepts Analysis (FCA) that it is\nmakes semantical relations during the queries, and allows a reorganizing, in\nthe shape of a lattice of concepts, the answers provided by a search engine. We\nproposed for the IR an incremental algorithm based on Galois lattice. This\nalgorithm allows a formal clustering of the data sources, and the results which\nit turns over are classified by order of relevance. The control of relevance is\nexploited in clustering, we improved the result by using ontology in field of\nimage processing, and reformulating the user queries which make it possible to\ngive more relevant documents.\n" }, { "id": "69a9e2c7-7bd9-47de-b1df-a95770eb155e", "adv_source_id": "69a9e2c7-7bd9-47de-b1df-a95770eb155e", "source_id": "69a9e2c7-7bd9-47de-b1df-a95770eb155e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Uniform Strategies", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider turn-based game arenas for which we investigate uniformity\nproperties of strategies. These properties involve bundles of plays, that arise\nfrom some semantical motive. Typically, we can represent constraints on allowed\nstrategies, such as being observation-based. We propose a formal language to\nspecify uniformity properties and demonstrate its relevance by rephrasing\nvarious known problems from the literature. Note that the ability to correlate\ndifferent plays cannot be achieved by any branching-time logic if not equipped\nwith an additional modality, so-called R in this contribution. We also study an\nautomated procedure to synthesize strategies subject to a uniformity property,\nwhich strictly extends existing results based on, say standard temporal logics.\nWe exhibit a generic solution for the synthesis problem provided the bundles of\nplays rely on any binary relation definable by a finite state transducer. This\nsolution yields a non-elementary procedure.\n" }, { "id": "250a112d-7f7a-457e-ae35-cdc176a9205d", "adv_source_id": "250a112d-7f7a-457e-ae35-cdc176a9205d", "source_id": "250a112d-7f7a-457e-ae35-cdc176a9205d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Annihilation decays of bound states at the LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " At the Large Hadron Collider, heavy particles may be produced in pairs close\nto their kinematic threshold. If these particles have strong enough attractive\ninteractions they may form bound states. Consequently, the bound states may\ndecay through annihilation back into the standard model. Such annihilation\ndecays have the potential to provide much information about the bound\nparticles, such as their mass, spin, or charges, in a manner completely\ncomplementary to standard single particle cascade decays. Many of the\nsignatures, such as dijet resonances, will be challenging to find, but may be\nextremely helpful in unraveling the nature of the new physics. In the standard\nmodel, the only novel annihilation decays would be for toponium; these will be\nhard to see because of the relatively large width of the top quark itself. In\nmodels with supersymmetry, marginally visible annihilation decays may occur for\nexample, from bound states of gluinos to dijets or tops. If new particles are\nbound through forces stronger than QCD, annihilation decays may even be the\ndiscovery mode for new physics. This paper presents various theoretical results\nabout bound states and then addresses the practical question of whether any of\ntheir annihilation decays can be seen at the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "efbb704a-d13a-40a7-9ad1-f84df672079d", "adv_source_id": "efbb704a-d13a-40a7-9ad1-f84df672079d", "source_id": "efbb704a-d13a-40a7-9ad1-f84df672079d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The non-compact elliptic genus: mock or modular", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze various perspectives on the elliptic genus of non-compact\nsupersymmetric coset conformal field theories with central charge larger than\nthree. We calculate the holomorphic part of the elliptic genus via a free field\ndescription of the model, and show that it agrees with algebraic expectations.\nThe holomorphic part of the elliptic genus is directly related to an\nAppell-Lerch sum and behaves anomalously under modular transformation\nproperties. We analyze the origin of the anomaly by calculating the elliptic\ngenus through a path integral in a coset conformal field theory. The path\nintegral codes both the holomorphic part of the elliptic genus, and a\nnon-holomorphic remainder that finds its origin in the continuous spectrum of\nthe non-compact model. The remainder term can be shown to agree with a function\nthat mathematicians introduced to parameterize the difference between mock\ntheta functions and Jacobi forms. The holomorphic part of the elliptic genus\nthus has a path integral completion which renders it non-holomorphic and\nmodular.\n" }, { "id": "67774d07-e9bc-4c2b-a2bc-41d389d63cf2", "adv_source_id": "67774d07-e9bc-4c2b-a2bc-41d389d63cf2", "source_id": "67774d07-e9bc-4c2b-a2bc-41d389d63cf2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Neutrino Masses, Dark Energy and the Gravitational Lensing of\n Pregalactic HI", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the constraints which the next generation of radio telescopes could\nplace on the mass and number of neutrino species by studying the gravitational\nlensing of high redshift 21 cm emission in combination with wide-angle surveys\nof galaxy lensing. We use simple characterizations of reionization history and\nof proposed telescope designs to forecast the constraints and detectability\nthreshold for neutrinos. It is found that the degeneracy between neutrino\nparameters and dark energy parameters is significantly reduced by incorporating\n21 cm lensing. The combination of galaxy and 21 cm lensing could constrain the\nsum of the neutrino masses to within ~ 0.04 eV and the number of species to\nwithin ~ 0.1. This is an improvement of a factor of 2.6 in mass and 1.3 in\nnumber over a galaxy lensing survey alone. This includes marginalizing over an\n11 parameter cosmological model with a two parameter model for the dark energy\nequation of state. If the dark energy equation of state is held fixed at w =\np/\\rho=-1 the constraints improve to ~0.03 eV and 0.04. These forecasted errors\ndepend critically on the fraction of sky that can be surveyed in redshifted 21\ncm emission (25% is assumed here) and the redshift of reionization ($z=7$ is\nassumed here). It is also found that neutrinos with masses too small to be\ndetected in the data could none the less cause a significant bias in the\nmeasured dark energy equation of state.\n" }, { "id": "441c42eb-cf2f-4c38-aa56-299f3b8a2f13", "adv_source_id": "441c42eb-cf2f-4c38-aa56-299f3b8a2f13", "source_id": "441c42eb-cf2f-4c38-aa56-299f3b8a2f13", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Singular Poisson-K\\\"ahler geometry of stratified K\\\"ahler spaces and\n quantization", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the presence of classical phase space singularities the standard methods\nare insufficient to attack the problem of quantization.In certain situations\nthe difficulties can be overcome by means of K\\\"ahler quantization on\nstratified K\\\"ahler spaces. Such a space is a stratified symplectic space\ntogether with a complex analytic structure which is compatible with the\nstratified symplectic structure; in particular each stratum is a K\\\"ahler\nmanifold in an obvious fashion. Holomorphic quantization on a stratified\nK\\\"ahler space then yields a costratified Hilbert space, a quantum object\nhaving the classical singularities as its shadow. Given a K\\\"ahler manifold\nwith a hamiltonian action of a compact Lie group that also preserves the\ncomplex structure, reduction after quantization coincides with quantization\nafter reduction in the sense that not only the reduced and unreduced quantum\nphase spaces correspond but the invariant unreduced and reduced quantum\nobservables as well\n" }, { "id": "796aba73-15ce-4728-aa99-900ef6c472b5", "adv_source_id": "796aba73-15ce-4728-aa99-900ef6c472b5", "source_id": "796aba73-15ce-4728-aa99-900ef6c472b5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Subjective Evaluation of Forms in an Immersive Environment", "prompt": null, "generation": " User's perception of product, by essence subjective, is a major topic in\nmarketing and industrial design. Many methods, based on users' tests, are used\nso as to characterise this perception. We are interested in three main methods:\nmultidimensional scaling, semantic differential method, and preference mapping.\nThese methods are used to built a perceptual space, in order to position the\nnew product, to specify requirements by the study of user's preferences, to\nevaluate some product attributes, related in particular to style (aesthetic).\nThese early stages of the design are primordial for a good orientation of the\nproject. In parallel, virtual reality tools and interfaces are more and more\nefficient for suggesting to the user complex feelings, and creating in this way\nvarious levels of perceptions. In this article, we present on an example the\nuse of multidimensional scaling, semantic differential method and preference\nmapping for the subjective assessment of virtual products. These products,\nwhich geometrical form is variable, are defined with a CAD model and are\nproposed to the user with a spacemouse and stereoscopic glasses. Advantages and\nlimitations of such evaluation is next discussed..\n" }, { "id": "6a9bd5fc-305b-4c92-972b-ce3dd309e776", "adv_source_id": "6a9bd5fc-305b-4c92-972b-ce3dd309e776", "source_id": "6a9bd5fc-305b-4c92-972b-ce3dd309e776", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "CP violation in charm decays at Belle", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have searched for CP violation of charmed mesons in the decays $D\\to K^0_S\nP$, where $D$ denotes $D^0$ and $D^+_{(s)}$, and $P$ denotes the pseudo-scalar\nmesons $\\pi^+$, $K^+$, $\\pi^0$, $\\eta$, and $\\eta'$. No evidence of CP\nviolation in these decays is observed. We also have measured the CP asymmetry\ndifference between the Cabibbo suppressed decay $D^+\\to\\phi\\pi^+$ and the\nCabibbo favored $D^+_s\\to\\phi\\pi^+$ decays in the region of\n$|M(K^+K^-)-M^{\\phi}_{PDG}|<$16 MeV/$c^2$. The measured asymmetry is corrected\nfor the residual asymmetry due to detector effects, and the contributions of\nboth CP and forward-backward asymmetries are determined. These results are\nobtained on a large data sample collected at and near the $\\Upsilon(4S)$\nresonance with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy\n$e^+e^-$ collider.\n" }, { "id": "769cc5bb-b7e5-4305-b19f-2181dc32c408", "adv_source_id": "769cc5bb-b7e5-4305-b19f-2181dc32c408", "source_id": "769cc5bb-b7e5-4305-b19f-2181dc32c408", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A classification of Taylor towers of functors of spaces and spectra", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe new structure on the Goodwillie derivatives of a functor, and we\nshow how the full Taylor tower of the functor can be recovered from this\nstructure. This new structure takes the form of a coalgebra over a certain\ncomonad which we construct, and whose precise nature depends on the source and\ntarget categories of the functor in question. The Taylor tower can be recovered\nfrom standard cosimplicial cobar constructions on the coalgebra formed by the\nderivatives. We get from this an equivalence between the homotopy category of\npolynomial functors and that of bounded coalgebras over this comonad.\n For functors with values in the category of spectra, we give a rather\nexplicit description of the associated comonads and their coalgebras. In\nparticular, for functors from based spaces to spectra we interpret this new\nstructure as that of a divided power right module over the operad formed by the\nderivatives of the identity on based spaces.\n" }, { "id": "6ecaded4-b4b7-4bc6-a1bb-c46e4cd6392a", "adv_source_id": "6ecaded4-b4b7-4bc6-a1bb-c46e4cd6392a", "source_id": "6ecaded4-b4b7-4bc6-a1bb-c46e4cd6392a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Asymptotics-based CI models for atoms: properties, exact solution of a\n minimal model for Li to Ne, and application to atomic spectra", "prompt": null, "generation": " Configuration-Interaction (CI) models are approximations to the electronic\nSchr\\\"odinger equation which are widely used for numerical electronic structure\ncalculations in quantum chemistry. Based on our recent closed-form asymptotic\nresults for the full atomic Schr\\\"odinger equation in the limit of fixed\nelectron number and large nuclear charge, we introduce a class of CI models for\natoms which reproduce, at fixed finite model dimension, the correct\nSchr\\\"odinger eigenvalues and eigenstates in this limit.\n We solve exactly the ensuing minimal model for the second period atoms, Li to\nNe. The energy levels and eigenstates are in remarkably good agreement with\nexperimental data (comparable to that of much larger scale numerical\nsimulations in the literature), and facilitate a mathematical understanding of\nvarious spectral, chemical and physical properties of small atoms.\n" }, { "id": "b80c441a-ca68-471c-89e4-45a30a88551f", "adv_source_id": "b80c441a-ca68-471c-89e4-45a30a88551f", "source_id": "b80c441a-ca68-471c-89e4-45a30a88551f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A random walk description of the heterogeneous glassy dynamics of\n attracting colloids", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the heterogeneous dynamics of attractive colloidal particles close\nto the gel transition using confocal microscopy experiments combined with a\ntheoretical statistical analysis. We focus on single particle dynamics and show\nthat the self part of the van Hove distribution function is not the Gaussian\nexpected for a Fickian process, but that it reflects instead the existence, at\nany given time, of colloids with widely different mobilities. Our confocal\nmicroscopy measurements can be described well by a simple analytical model\nbased on a conventional continuous time random walk picture, as already found\nin several other glassy materials. In particular, the theory successfully\naccounts for the presence of broad tails in the van Hove distributions that\nexhibit exponential, rather than Gaussian, decay at large distance.\n" }, { "id": "a1ce687b-3616-4061-87e5-f54e57b44e88", "adv_source_id": "a1ce687b-3616-4061-87e5-f54e57b44e88", "source_id": "a1ce687b-3616-4061-87e5-f54e57b44e88", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Source-Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) is a valid and\n sophisticated indicator of journal citation impact", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is a reply to the article \"Scopus's Source Normalized Impact per\nPaper (SNIP) versus a Journal Impact Factor based on Fractional Counting of\nCitations\", published by Loet Leydesdorff and Tobias Opthof (arXiv:1004.3580v2\n[cs.DL]). It clarifies the relationship between SNIP and Elsevier's Scopus.\nSince Leydesdorff and Opthof's description of SNIP is not complete, it\nindicates four key differences between SNIP and the indicator proposed by the\ntwo authors, and argues why the former is more valid than the latter.\nNevertheless, the idea of fractional citation counting deserves further\nexploration. The paper discusses difficulties that arise if one attempts to\napply this principle at the level of individual (citing) papers.\n" }, { "id": "29d3d957-1ea7-4911-bb57-8b413c56ec9f", "adv_source_id": "29d3d957-1ea7-4911-bb57-8b413c56ec9f", "source_id": "29d3d957-1ea7-4911-bb57-8b413c56ec9f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum Theory of All-Optical Switching in Nonlinear Sagnac\n Interferometers", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, our group has demonstrated an ultrafast, low-loss, fiber-loop\nswitch based on a nonlinear Sagnac-interferometer design, using which entangled\nphotons were shown to be routed without any measurable degradation in their\nentanglement fidelity [Hall {\\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 106}, 053901\n(2011)]. Such a device represents an enabling technology for a rich variety of\nnetworked quantum applications. In this paper we develop a comprehensive\nquantum theory for such switches in general, i.e., those based on nonlinear\nSagnac interferometers, where the in-coupling of quantum noise is carefully\nmodeled. Applying to the fiber-loop switch, the theory shows good agreement\nwith the experimental results without using any fitting parameter. This theory\ncan serve as an important guiding tool for configuring switches of this kind\nfor future quantum networking applications.\n" }, { "id": "42d417d9-cd35-447c-943b-67549e8baf1c", "adv_source_id": "42d417d9-cd35-447c-943b-67549e8baf1c", "source_id": "42d417d9-cd35-447c-943b-67549e8baf1c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optional splitting formula in a progressively enlarged filtration", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $\\mathbb{F}$ be a filtration and $\\tau$ be a random time. Let\n$\\mathbb{G}$ be the progressive enlargement of $\\mathbb{F}$ with $\\tau$. We\nstudy the validity of the following formula, called optional splitting formula\n: For any $\\mathbb{G}$-optional process $Y$, there exist a\n$\\mathbb{F}$-optional process $Y'$ and a function $Y\"$ defined on\n$[0,\\infty]\\times(\\mathbb{R}_+\\times\\Omega)$ being\n$\\mathcal{B}[0,\\infty]\\otimes\\mathcal{O}(\\mathbb{F})$ measurable, such that $$\nY=Y'\\ind_{[0,\\tau)}+Y\"(\\tau)\\ind_{[\\tau,\\infty)} $$ We are interested in this\nformula, because it has been taken for granted in number of recent works in\ncredit risk modeling, whilst such a formula can not be true in general.\nSufficient conditions will be given for the validity of the above formula as\nwell as of its extension in the case of multiple random times.\n" }, { "id": "d72500fc-388d-4cae-96d0-9dcce1183a32", "adv_source_id": "d72500fc-388d-4cae-96d0-9dcce1183a32", "source_id": "d72500fc-388d-4cae-96d0-9dcce1183a32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Is the future universe singular: Dark Matter versus modified gravity?", "prompt": null, "generation": " The fundamental problem of the occurrence/removal of finite-time future\nsingularity in the universe evolution for coupled dark energy (DE) is\naddressed. It is demonstrated the existence of the (instable or local minimum)\nde Sitter space solution which may cure the Type II or Type IV future\nsingularity for DE coupled with DM as the result of tuning the initial\nconditions. In case of phantom DE, the corresponding coupling may help to\nresolve the coincidence problem but not the Big Rip (Type I) singularity issue.\nWe show that modified gravity of special form or inhomogeneous DE fluid may\noffer the universal scenario to cure the Type I,II,III or IV future singularity\nof coupled (fluid or scalar) DE evolution.\n" }, { "id": "2c1d4976-69f7-4174-9155-78faba2f6070", "adv_source_id": "2c1d4976-69f7-4174-9155-78faba2f6070", "source_id": "2c1d4976-69f7-4174-9155-78faba2f6070", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Excitation transfer and luminescence in porphyrin-carbon nanotube\n complexes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with hydrosoluble porphyrins (TPPS) is\nachieved by \"$\\pi$-stacking\". The porphyrin/nanotube interaction is studied by\nmeans of optical absorption, photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation\nspectroscopies. The main absorption line of the porphyrins adsorbed on\nnanotubes exhibits a 120 meV red shift, which we ascribe to a flattening of the\nmolecule in order to optimize $\\pi-\\pi$ interactions. The porphyrin-nanotube\ncomplex shows a strong quenching of the TPPS emission while the\nphotoluminescence intensity of the nanotubes is enhanced when the excitation\nlaser is in resonance with the porphyrin absorption band. This reveals an\nefficient excitation transfer from the TPPS to the carbon nanotube.\n" }, { "id": "95cea210-d733-4966-ae30-0407c16e75d7", "adv_source_id": "95cea210-d733-4966-ae30-0407c16e75d7", "source_id": "95cea210-d733-4966-ae30-0407c16e75d7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effective masses and complex dielectric function of cubic HfO2", "prompt": null, "generation": " The electronic band structure of cubic HfO2 is calculated using an it ab\ninitio all-electron self--consistent linear augmented plane-wave method, within\nthe framework of the local-density approximation and taking into account\nfull-relativistic contributions. From the band structure, the carrier effective\nmasses and the complex dielectric function are obtained. The \\Gamma-isotropic\nheavy and light electron effective masses are shown to be several times heavier\nthan the electron tunneling effective mass measured recently. The imaginary\npart of the complex dielectric function \\epsilon_2(\\omega) is in good agreement\nwith experimental data from ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements\nin bulk yttria-stabilized HfO2 as well as with those performed in films\ndeposited with the tetrakis diethylamido hafnium precursor for energies smaller\nthan 9.5 eV.\n" }, { "id": "86b16426-171e-4e56-9409-ed5354be7a1d", "adv_source_id": "86b16426-171e-4e56-9409-ed5354be7a1d", "source_id": "86b16426-171e-4e56-9409-ed5354be7a1d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ground-State Properties for Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates inside a\n Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analytically investigate the ground-state properties of two-component\nBose-Einstein condensates with few ⁸⁷Rb atoms inside a high-quality\ncavity quantum electrodynamics. In the SU(2) representation for atom, this\nquantum system can be realized a generalized Dicke model with a quadratic term\narising from the interatomic interactions, which can be controlled\nexperimentally by Feshbach resonance technique. Moreover, this weak\ninterspecies interaction can give rise to an important zero-temperature quantum\nphase transition from the normal to the superradiant phases, where the atomic\nensemble in the normal phase is collectively unexcited while is macroscopically\nexcited with coherent radiations in the superradiant phase. Finally, we propose\nto observe this predicted quantum phase transition by measuring the direct and\nstriking signatures of the photon field in terms of a heterodyne detector out\nof the cavity.\n" }, { "id": "30ca1ea8-5136-4119-bb7c-34ae0e20c7ec", "adv_source_id": "30ca1ea8-5136-4119-bb7c-34ae0e20c7ec", "source_id": "30ca1ea8-5136-4119-bb7c-34ae0e20c7ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transport and diffusion in the embedding map", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the transport properties of passive inertial particles in a $2-d$\nincompressible flows. Here the particle dynamics is represented by the $4-d$\ndissipative embedding map of $2-d$ area-preserving standard map which models\nthe incompressible flow. The system is a model for impurity dynamics in a fluid\nand is characterized by two parameters, the inertia parameter $\\alpha$, and the\ndissipation parameter $\\gamma$. We obtain the statistical characterisers of\ntransport for this system in these dynamical regimes. These are, the recurrence\ntime statistics, the diffusion constant, and the distribution of jump lengths.\nThe recurrence time distribution shows a power law tail in the dynamical\nregimes where there is preferential concentration of particles in sticky\nregions of the phase space, and an exponential decay in mixing regimes. The\ndiffusion constant shows behaviour of three types - normal, subdiffusive and\nsuperdiffusive, depending on the parameter regimes. Phase diagrams of the\nsystem are constructed to differentiate different types of diffusion behaviour,\nas well as the behaviour of the absolute drift. We correlate the dynamical\nregimes seen for the system at different parameter values with the transport\nproperties observed at these regimes, and in the behaviour of the transients.\nThis system also shows the existence of a crisis and unstable dimension\nvariability at certain parameter values. The signature of the unstable\ndimension variability is seen in the statistical characterisers of transport.\nWe discuss the implications of our results for realistic systems.\n" }, { "id": "8e45ad2b-7b8b-4e27-94a4-e0939cbeeae0", "adv_source_id": "8e45ad2b-7b8b-4e27-94a4-e0939cbeeae0", "source_id": "8e45ad2b-7b8b-4e27-94a4-e0939cbeeae0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unearthing Foundations of a Cosmic Cathedral: Searching the Stars for\n M33's Halo", "prompt": null, "generation": " We use data from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) to search\nfor evidence of an extended halo component belonging to M33 (the Triangulum\nGalaxy). We identify a population of red giant branch (RGB) stars at large\nradii from M33's disk whose connection to the recently discovered extended\n\"disk substructure\" is ambiguous, and which may represent a \"bona-fide\" halo\ncomponent. After first correcting for contamination from the Milky Way\nforeground population and misidentified background galaxies, we average the\nradial density of RGB candidate stars over circular annuli centered on the\ngalaxy and away from the disk substructure. We find evidence of a\nlow-luminosity, centrally concentrated component that is everywhere in our data\nfainter than mu_V ~ 33 mag arcsec^(-2). The scale length of this feature is not\nwell constrained by our data, but it appears to be of order r_exp ~ 20 kpc;\nthere is weak evidence to suggest it is not azimuthally symmetric. Inspection\nof the overall CMD for this region that specifically clips out the disk\nsubstructure reveals that this residual RGB population is consistent with an\nold population with a photometric metallicity of around [Fe/H] ~ -2 dex, but\nsome residual contamination from the disk substructure appears to remain. We\ndiscuss the likelihood that our findings represent a bona-fide halo in M33,\nrather than extended emission from the disk substructure. We interpret our\nfindings in terms of an upper limit to M33's halo that is a few percent of its\ntotal luminosity, although its actual luminosity is likely much less.\n" }, { "id": "6a073b16-f1d7-4058-bd5b-431d635dc82a", "adv_source_id": "6a073b16-f1d7-4058-bd5b-431d635dc82a", "source_id": "6a073b16-f1d7-4058-bd5b-431d635dc82a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Application of Conformal Mapping to the determination of Magnetic Moment\n Distributions in typical Antidot Film Nanostructures", "prompt": null, "generation": " There has been an increasing technological interest on magnetic thin films\ncontaining antidot arrays of hexagonal or square symmetry. Part of this\ninterest is related to the possibility of domain formation and pinning at the\nantidots boundaries. In this paper, we develop a method for the calculation of\nthe magnetic moment distribution for such arrays which concentrates on the\nimmediate vicinity of each antidot. For each antidot distribution (square or\nhexagonal) a suitable system of coordinates is defined to exploit the shape of\nthe unit-cells of the overall nanostructure. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Brown\nequations that govern the distribution of moments are rewritten in terms of\nthese coordinates. The equilibrium moments orientation is calculated for each\nposition in a Cartesian grid defined for these new coordinate systems, and then\na conformal transformation is applied to insert the moment vectors into the\nactual unit-cell. The resulting vector maps display quite clearly regions of\ndifferent moment orientation around the antidots, which can be associated with\nnanoscale domains. These results are similar to the ones obtained by other\nauthors[1-4] using the NIST oommf method.\n" }, { "id": "b8a06231-f108-4025-834d-8a57a8a2cd81", "adv_source_id": "b8a06231-f108-4025-834d-8a57a8a2cd81", "source_id": "b8a06231-f108-4025-834d-8a57a8a2cd81", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Homomorphism Poset of K_{2,n}", "prompt": null, "generation": " A geometric graph is a simple graph G together with a straight line drawing\nof G in the plane with the vertices in general position. Two geometric\nrealizations of a simple graph are geo-isomorphic if there is a vertex\nbijection between them that preserves vertex adjacencies and non-adjacencies,\nas well as edge crossings and non-crossings. A natural extension of graph\nhomomorphisms, geo-homomorphisms, can be used to define a partial order on the\nset of geo-isomorphism classes of realizations of a given simple graph. In this\npaper, the homomorphism poset of the complete bipartite graph K_{2,n} is\ndetermined by establishing a correspondence between realizations of K_{2,n} and\npermutations of S_n, in which crossing edges correspond to inversions. Through\nthis correspondence, geo-isomorphism defines an equivalence relation on S_n,\nwhich we call geo-equivalence. The number of geo-isomorphism classes is\nprovided for all n <= 9. The modular decomposition tree of permutation graphs\nis used to prove some results on the size of geo-equivalence classes. A\ncomplete list of geo-equivalence classes and a Hasse diagrams of the poset\nstructure are given for n <= 5.\n" }, { "id": "648a337a-5fd4-4ca2-962f-3fb03c6cd47f", "adv_source_id": "648a337a-5fd4-4ca2-962f-3fb03c6cd47f", "source_id": "648a337a-5fd4-4ca2-962f-3fb03c6cd47f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Large deviations of the extreme eigenvalues of random deformations of\n matrices", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider a real diagonal deterministic matrix $X_n$ of size $n$ with spectral\nmeasure converging to a compactly supported probability measure. We perturb\nthis matrix by adding a random finite rank matrix, with delocalized\neigenvectors. We show that the joint law of the extreme eigenvalues of the\nperturbed model satisfies a large deviation principle in the scale $n$, with a\ngood rate function given by a variational formula. We tackle both cases when\nthe extreme eigenvalues of $X_n$ converge to the edges of the support of the\nlimiting measure and when we allow some eigenvalues of $X_n$, that we call\noutliers, to converge out of the bulk. We can also generalise our results to\nthe case when $X_n$ is random, with law proportional to $e^{- n Trace V(X)}\\ud\nX,$ for $V$ growing fast enough at infinity and any perturbation of finite\nrank.\n" }, { "id": "af7f5210-84aa-464d-8cb2-dc932da8a361", "adv_source_id": "af7f5210-84aa-464d-8cb2-dc932da8a361", "source_id": "af7f5210-84aa-464d-8cb2-dc932da8a361", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Correlation tuned cross-over between thermal and nonthermal states\n following ultrafast transient pumping", "prompt": null, "generation": " We examine electron-electron mediated relaxation following excitation of a\ncorrelated system by an ultrafast electric field pump pulse. The results reveal\na dichotomy in the temporal evolution as one tunes through a Mott\nmetal-to-insulator transition: in the metallic regime relaxation can be\ncharacterized by evolution toward a steady-state electronic distribution well\ndescribed by Fermi-Dirac statistics with an increased effective temperature;\nhowever, in the insulating regime this quasithermal paradigm breaks down with\nrelaxation toward a nonthermal state with a more complicated electronic\ndistribution that does not vary monotonically as a function of energy. We\ncharacterize the behavior by studying changes in the energy, photoemission\nresponse, and electronic distribution as functions of time. Qualitatively these\nresults should be observable on short enough time scales that the electrons\nbehave like an isolated system not in contact with additional degrees of\nfreedom which can act as a thermal bath. Importantly, proper modeling used to\nanalyze experimental findings should account for this behavior, especially when\nusing strong driving fields or studying materials whose physics may manifest\nthe effects of strong correlations.\n" }, { "id": "318af866-2273-4773-8316-361d74242d3c", "adv_source_id": "318af866-2273-4773-8316-361d74242d3c", "source_id": "318af866-2273-4773-8316-361d74242d3c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Regularization of the circular restricted three-body problem using\n 'similar' coordinate systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " The regularization of a new problem, namely the three-body problem, using\n'similar' coordinate system is proposed. For this purpose we use the relation\nof 'similarity', which has been introduced as an equivalence relation in a\nprevious paper (see \\cite{rom11}). First we write the Hamiltonian function, the\nequations of motion in canonical form, and then using a generating function, we\nobtain the transformed equations of motion. After the coordinates\ntransformations, we introduce the fictitious time, to regularize the equations\nof motion. Explicit formulas are given for the regularization in the coordinate\nsystems centered in the more massive and the less massive star of the binary\nsystem. The 'similar' polar angle's definition is introduced, in order to\nanalyze the regularization's geometrical transformation. The effect of\nLevi-Civita's transformation is described in a geometrical manner. Using the\nresulted regularized equations, we analyze and compare these canonical\nequations numerically, for the Earth-Moon binary system.\n" }, { "id": "406a2698-12ad-40c6-9c1d-a2025b19895f", "adv_source_id": "406a2698-12ad-40c6-9c1d-a2025b19895f", "source_id": "406a2698-12ad-40c6-9c1d-a2025b19895f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An HI study of three long-tailed irregular galaxies in the cluster\n Abell1367", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the results on the distribution and kinematics of H$\\sc{i}$ gas\nwith higher sensitivity and in one case of higher spectral resolution as well\nthan reported earlier, of three irregular galaxies CGCG 097073, 097079 and\n097087 (UGC 06697) in the cluster Abell 1367. These galaxies are known to\nexhibit long (50$-$75 kpc) tails of radio continuum and optical emission lines\n(H$\\alpha$) pointing away from the cluster centre and arcs of starformation on\nthe opposite sides of the tails. These features as well as the H{\\sc i}\nproperties, with two of the galaxies (CGCG 097073 and 097079) exhibiting\nsharper gradients in H{\\sc i} intensity on the side of the tails, are\nconsistent with the H{\\sc i} gas being affected by the ram pressure of the\nintracluster medium. However the H{\\sc i} emission in all the three galaxies\nextends to much smaller distances than the radio-continuum and H$\\alpha$ tails,\nand are possibly still bound to the parent galaxies. Approximately 20$-$30 per\ncent of the H{\\sc i} mass is seen to accumulate on the downstream side due to\nthe effects of ram pressure.\n" }, { "id": "42654285-f622-41b9-a182-1540a5872142", "adv_source_id": "42654285-f622-41b9-a182-1540a5872142", "source_id": "42654285-f622-41b9-a182-1540a5872142", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Galaxy N-z Relation and CMB Spectrum Based on Cosmological Model with\n Scalar Field Having Modified Potential Form", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have succeeded in establishing a cosmological model with a non-minimally\ncoupled scalar field $\\phi$ that can account not only for the spatial\nperiodicity or the picket-fence structure exhibited by the galaxy $N$-$z$\nrelation of the 2dF survey, but also for the spatial power spectrum of the\ncosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) temperature anisotropy observed by\nthe WMAP satellite. The scalar field of our model universe starts from an\nextremely small value at around the nucleosynthesis epoch, remains in that\nstate for sufficiently long periods, allowing sufficient time for the CMB\ntemperature anisotropy to form, and then starts to grow in magnitude at the\nredshift $z$ of $\\sim 1$, followed by a damping oscillation which is required\nto reproduce the observed picket-fence structure of the $N$-$z$ relation. To\nrealize such behavior of the scalar field, we have found it necessary to\nintroduce a new form of potential $V(\\phi)\\propto \\phi^2\\exp(-q\\phi^2)$, with\n$q$ being a constant. Through this parameter $q$, we can control the epoch at\nwhich the scalar field starts growing.\n" }, { "id": "ec4a3f0b-1031-49a3-8418-0de15a20bf80", "adv_source_id": "ec4a3f0b-1031-49a3-8418-0de15a20bf80", "source_id": "ec4a3f0b-1031-49a3-8418-0de15a20bf80", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electron-lattice coupling and partial nesting as the origin of\n Fermi-Arcs in manganites", "prompt": null, "generation": " A tight-binding model for eg electrons coupled to Jahn-Teller lattice\ndistortions is studied via unbiased Monte- Carlo simulations. By focusing on\nthe periodicity of the Jahn Teller distortions, and the one-particle spectral\nfunction, our results clarify the physical origin of the Fermi-arcs phase\nobserved in layered manganites. In a range of parameters where no broken\nsymmetry phase exists, the nearly nested Fermi surface favors certain\ncorrelations between Jahn Teller distortions. The spectral weight near the\nBrillouin zone edge is suppressed, leading to the pseudogap in the density of\nstates. We discuss the stability of this phase as a function of temperature and\ncoupling strength for different hole dopings.\n" }, { "id": "9ac21a8c-f106-4ea0-b638-2c648d705929", "adv_source_id": "9ac21a8c-f106-4ea0-b638-2c648d705929", "source_id": "9ac21a8c-f106-4ea0-b638-2c648d705929", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Brauer-Thrall for totally reflexive modules", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let R be a commutative noetherian local ring that is not Gorenstein. It is\nknown that the category of totally reflexive modules over R is representation\ninfinite, provided that it contains a non-free module. The main goal of this\npaper is to understand how complex the category of totally reflexive modules\ncan be in this situation.\n Local rings (R,m) with m^3=0 are commonly regarded as the structurally\nsimplest rings to admit diverse categorical and homological characteristics.\nFor such rings we obtain conclusive results about the category of totally\nreflexive modules, modeled on the Brauer-Thrall conjectures. Starting from a\nnon-free cyclic totally reflexive module, we construct a family of\nindecomposable totally reflexive R-modules that contains, for every n in N, a\nmodule that is minimally generated by n elements. Moreover, if the residue\nfield R/m is algebraically closed, then we construct for every n in N an\ninfinite family of indecomposable and pairwise non-isomorphic totally reflexive\nR-modules, that are all minimally generated by n elements. The modules in both\nfamilies have periodic minimal free resolutions of period at most 2.\n" }, { "id": "0455c9aa-0832-42e2-a452-60c5f2d3c67f", "adv_source_id": "0455c9aa-0832-42e2-a452-60c5f2d3c67f", "source_id": "0455c9aa-0832-42e2-a452-60c5f2d3c67f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "What Did Fisher Mean by An Estimate?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Fisher's Method of Maximum Likelihood is shown to be a procedure for the\nconstruction of likelihood intervals or regions, instead of a procedure of\npoint estimation. Based on Fisher's articles and books it is justified that by\nestimation Fisher meant the construction of likelihood intervals or regions\nfrom appropriate likelihood function and that an estimate is a statistic, that\nis, a function from a sample space to a parameter space such that the\nlikelihood function obtained from the sampling distribution of the statistic at\nthe observed value of the statistic is used to construct likelihood intervals\nor regions. Thus Problem of Estimation is how to choose the 'best' estimate.\nFisher's solution for the problem of estimation is Maximum Likelihood Estimate\n(MLE). Fisher's Theory of Statistical Estimation is a chain of ideas used to\njustify MLE as the solution of the problem of estimation. The construction of\nconfidence intervals by the delta method from the asymptotic normal\ndistribution of MLE is based on Fisher's ideas, but is against his 'logic of\nstatistical inference'. Instead the construction of confidence intervals from\nthe profile likelihood function of a given interest function of the parameter\nvector is considered as a solution more in line with Fisher's 'ideology'. A new\nmethod of calculation of profile likelihood-based confidence intervals for\ngeneral smooth interest functions in general statistical models is considered.\n" }, { "id": "09cb5ff8-d543-41ec-ba44-e42af4e7dc44", "adv_source_id": "09cb5ff8-d543-41ec-ba44-e42af4e7dc44", "source_id": "09cb5ff8-d543-41ec-ba44-e42af4e7dc44", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Imaging and manipulating electrons in a 1D quantum dot with Coulomb\n blockade microscopy", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by the recent experiments by the Westervelt group using a mobile\ntip to probe the electronic state of quantum dots formed on a segmented\nnanowire, we study the shifts in Coulomb blockade peak positions as a function\nof the spatial variation of the tip potential, which can be termed \"Coulomb\nblockade microscopy\". We show that if the tip can be brought sufficiently close\nto the nanowire, one can distinguish a high density electronic liquid state\nfrom a Wigner crystal state by microscopy with a weak tip potential. In the\nopposite limit of a strongly negative tip potential, the potential depletes the\nelectronic density under it and divides the quantum wire into two partitions.\nThere the tip can push individual electrons from one partition to the other,\nand the Coulomb blockade micrograph can clearly track such transitions. We show\nthat this phenomenon can be used to qualitatively estimate the relative\nimportance of the electron interaction compared to one particle potential and\nkinetic energies. Finally, we propose that a weak tip Coulomb blockade\nmicrograph focusing on the transition between electron number N=0 and N=1\nstates may be used to experimentally map the one-particle potential landscape\nproduced by impurities and inhomogeneities.\n" }, { "id": "2d1f5275-79ec-402c-a0b5-82a4e25e7a2b", "adv_source_id": "2d1f5275-79ec-402c-a0b5-82a4e25e7a2b", "source_id": "2d1f5275-79ec-402c-a0b5-82a4e25e7a2b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Droplet break-up with negative momentum Fluid Dynamics Videos", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ejection of liquid droplets from a nozzle is highly important for physics\nof fluid. The Weber number describes how much kinetic energy is needed to\novercome the surface tension and create a free-flying droplet. According to\nliterature Weber numbers above 12 assure the creation and safe break up of a\nliquid droplet. However, even when this number goes down below 8, it is still\npossible to observe droplet break-up but sometimes with particular effects. We\npresent here a fluid dynamics video showing experimental results and CFD\nsimulations for droplet break-up at low Weber number where the droplet is\ngenerated with negative momentum. Such droplet generation is characterized by\nthe droplet breaking up and then returning back into the nozzle. This is due to\nthe fact that during the droplet formation the surface tension begins to slow\ndown the flow velocity inside the droplet and then finally inverts the flow\ndirection, while the droplet tail still breaks off from the nozzle. Thus after\nthe break up the droplet momentum is oriented toward the nozzle. It is\ntherefore possible to observe the droplet returning into the bulk fluid.\nHigh-speed images of this particular phenomenon are shown and simulation\nresults are presented to illustrate the break up dynamics and the local\nvelocities in the droplet.\n" }, { "id": "425eb566-b42e-4d57-b3d7-abadebc6fbdf", "adv_source_id": "425eb566-b42e-4d57-b3d7-abadebc6fbdf", "source_id": "425eb566-b42e-4d57-b3d7-abadebc6fbdf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inclusive production of protons, anti-protons and neutrons in p+p\n collisions at 158 GeV/c beam momentum", "prompt": null, "generation": " New data on the production of protons, anti-protons and neutrons in p+p\ninteractions are presented. The data come from a sample of 4.8 million\ninelastic events obtained with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS at 158 GeV/c\nbeam momentum. The charged baryons are identified by energy loss measurement in\na large TPC tracking system. Neutrons are detected in a forward hadronic\ncalorimeter. Inclusive invariant cross sections are obtained in intervals from\n0 to 1.9 GeV/c (0 to 1.5 GeV/c) in transverse momentum and from -0.05 to 0.95\n(-0.05 to 0.4) in Feynman x for protons (anti-protons), respectively. pT\nintegrated neutron cross sections are given in the interval from 0.1 to 0.9 in\nFeynman x. The data are compared to a wide sample of existing results in the\nSPS and ISR energy ranges as well as to proton and neutron measurements from\nHERA and RHIC.\n" }, { "id": "5a41ffa4-b1de-49f9-915b-ff5f5c5cf205", "adv_source_id": "5a41ffa4-b1de-49f9-915b-ff5f5c5cf205", "source_id": "5a41ffa4-b1de-49f9-915b-ff5f5c5cf205", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Growth mode, magnetic and magneto-optical properties of\n pulsed-laser-deposited Au/Co/Au(111) trilayers", "prompt": null, "generation": " The growth mode, magnetic and magneto-optical properties of epitaxial\nAu/Co/Au(111) ultrathin trilayers grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) under\nultra-high vacuum are presented. Sapphire wafers buffered with a\nsingle-crystalline Mo(110) bilayer were used as substrates. Owing to\nPLD-induced interfacial intermixing at the lower Co/Au(111) interface, a\nlayer-by-layer growth mode is promoted. Surprisingly, despite this intermixing,\nferromagnetic behavior is found at room temperature for coverings starting at 1\natomic layer (AL). The films display perpendicular magnetization with\nanisotropy constants reduced by 50% compared to TD-grown or electrodeposited\nfilms, and with a coercivity more than one order of magnitude lower ($\\lesssim$\n5 mT). The magneto-optical (MO) response in the low Co thickness range is\ndominated by Au/Co interface contributions. For thicknesses starting at 3 AL\nCo, the MO response has a linear dependence with the Co thickness, indicative\nof a continuous-film-like MO behavior.\n" }, { "id": "20ed7821-b23c-42d1-92df-9baf7282ddf4", "adv_source_id": "20ed7821-b23c-42d1-92df-9baf7282ddf4", "source_id": "20ed7821-b23c-42d1-92df-9baf7282ddf4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the rank function of a differential poset", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study $r$-differential posets, a class of combinatorial objects introduced\nin 1988 by the first author, which gathers together a number of remarkable\ncombinatorial and algebraic properties, and generalizes important examples of\nranked posets, including the Young lattice. We first provide a simple bijection\nrelating differential posets to a certain class of hypergraphs, including all\nfinite projective planes, which are shown to be naturally embedded in the\ninitial ranks of some differential poset. As a byproduct, we prove the\nexistence, if and only if $r\\geq 6$, of $r$-differential posets nonisomorphic\nin any two consecutive ranks but having the same rank function. We also show\nthat the Interval Property, conjectured by the second author and collaborators\nfor several sequences of interest in combinatorics and combinatorial algebra,\nin general fails for differential posets. In the second part, we prove that the\nrank function $p_n$ of any arbitrary $r$-differential poset has nonpolynomial\ngrowth; namely, $p_n\\gg n^ae^{2\\sqrt{rn}},$ a bound very close to the\nHardy-Ramanujan asymptotic formula that holds in the special case of Young's\nlattice. We conclude by posing several open questions.\n" }, { "id": "123c2003-480b-49ac-bf36-8386c725b4bc", "adv_source_id": "123c2003-480b-49ac-bf36-8386c725b4bc", "source_id": "123c2003-480b-49ac-bf36-8386c725b4bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Development of a plasma panel radiation detector: recent progress and\n key issues", "prompt": null, "generation": " A radiation detector based on plasma display panel technology, which is the\nprincipal component of plasma television displays is presented. Plasma Panel\nSensor (PPS) technology is a variant of micropattern gas radiation detectors.\nThe PPS is conceived as an array of sealed plasma discharge gas cells which can\nbe used for fast response (O(5ns) per pixel), high spatial resolution detection\n(pixel pitch can be less than 100 micrometer) of ionizing and minimum ionizing\nparticles. The PPS is assembled from non-reactive, intrinsically radiation-hard\nmaterials: glass substrates, metal electrodes and inert gas mixtures. We report\non the PPS development program, including simulations and design and the first\nlaboratory studies which demonstrate the usage of plasma display panels in\nmeasurements of cosmic ray muons, as well as the expansion of experimental\nresults on the detection of betas from radioactive sources.\n" }, { "id": "4155b97e-c82c-4544-a9ad-59db53d3fb24", "adv_source_id": "4155b97e-c82c-4544-a9ad-59db53d3fb24", "source_id": "4155b97e-c82c-4544-a9ad-59db53d3fb24", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electronic Structure and Bonding of Icosahedral Core-Shell Gold-Silver\n Nanoalloy Clusters Au_(144-x)Ag_x(SR)_60", "prompt": null, "generation": " Atomically precise thiolate-stabilized gold nanoclusters are currently of\ninterest for many cross-disciplinary applications in chemistry, physics and\nmolecular biology. Very recently, synthesis and electronic properties of\n\"nanoalloy\" clusters Au_(144-x)Ag_x(SR)_60 were reported. Here, density\nfunctional theory is used for electronic structure and bonding in\nAu_(144-x)Ag_x(SR)_60 based on a structural model of the icosahedral\nAu_144(SR)_60 that features a 114-atom metal core with 60 symmetry-equivalent\nsurface sites, and a protecting layer of 30 RSAuSR units. In the optimal\nconfiguration the 60 surface sites of the core are occupied by silver in\nAu_84Ag_60(SR)_60. Silver enhances the electron shell structure around the\nFermi level in the metal core, which predicts a structured absorption spectrum\naround the onset (about 0.8 eV) of electronic metal-to-metal transitions. The\ncalculations also imply element-dependent absorption edges for Au(5d)\n\\rightarrow Au(6sp) and Ag(4d) \\rightarrow Ag(5sp) interband transitions in the\n\"plasmonic\" region, with their relative intensities controlled by the Ag/Au\nmixing ratio.\n" }, { "id": "efb709d2-e4b8-4093-976e-010f784b789d", "adv_source_id": "efb709d2-e4b8-4093-976e-010f784b789d", "source_id": "efb709d2-e4b8-4093-976e-010f784b789d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "C*-pseudo-multiplicative unitaries and Hopf C*-bimodules", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce C*-pseudo-multiplicative unitaries and concrete Hopf\nC*-bimodules for the study of quantum groupoids in the setting of C*-algebras.\nThese unitaries and Hopf C*-bimodules generalize multiplicative unitaries and\nHopf C*-algebras and are analogues of the pseudo-multiplicative unitaries and\nHopf--von Neumann-bimod-ules studied by Enock, Lesieur and Vallin. To each\nC*-pseudo-multiplicative unitary, we associate two Fourier algebras with a\nduality pairing, a C*-tensor category of representations, and in the regular\ncase two reduced and two universal Hopf C*-bimodules. The theory is illustrated\nby examples related to locally compact Hausdorff groupoids. In particular, we\nobtain a continuous Fourier algebra for a locally compact Hausdorff groupoid.\n" }, { "id": "618dab2c-2f69-4f70-8363-674ddb8615ac", "adv_source_id": "618dab2c-2f69-4f70-8363-674ddb8615ac", "source_id": "618dab2c-2f69-4f70-8363-674ddb8615ac", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A toy model of wave turbulence", "prompt": null, "generation": " A novel model of wave turbulence is presented which allows to explain in the\nsame frame various nonlinear wave phenomena: intermittency, form and direction\nof the energy cascades, formation of a zero-frequency band with non-zero\nenergy, etc. as an effect of initial conditions, without any statistical\nassumptions. Classical Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectra are obtained as a particular\ncase of the more general form of energy spectra. One of the most important\nphenomenological consequences of the model is the termination of a cascade not\ndue to dissipation but because of the growth of nonlinearity. The model is\nquite general and can be exploited for the description of an arbitrary wave\nturbulent system.\n" }, { "id": "86ca2208-c3c3-4e57-ae47-f3f2b669db85", "adv_source_id": "86ca2208-c3c3-4e57-ae47-f3f2b669db85", "source_id": "86ca2208-c3c3-4e57-ae47-f3f2b669db85", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Remarks on curvature behavior at the first singular time of the Ricci\n flow", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we study curvature behavior at the first singular time of\nsolution to the Ricci flow on a smooth, compact n-dimensional Riemannian\nmanifold $M$, $\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial t}g_{ij} = -2R_{ij}$ for $t\\in [0,T)$.\nIf the flow has uniformly bounded scalar curvature and develops Type I\nsingularities at $T$, using Perelman's $\\mathcal{W}$-functional, we show that\nsuitable blow-ups of our evolving metrics converge in the pointed\nCheeger-Gromov sense to a Gaussian shrinker. If the flow has uniformly bounded\nscalar curvature and develops Type II singularities at $T$, we show that\nsuitable scalings of the potential functions in Perelman's entropy functional\nconverge to a positive constant on a complete, Ricci flat manifold. We also\nshow that if the scalar curvature is uniformly bounded along the flow in\ncertain integral sense then the flow either develops a type II singularity at\n$T$ or it can be smoothly extended past time $T$.\n" }, { "id": "3372b414-6007-4092-9bfb-96824bd60fe5", "adv_source_id": "3372b414-6007-4092-9bfb-96824bd60fe5", "source_id": "3372b414-6007-4092-9bfb-96824bd60fe5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effect of finite Coulomb interaction on full counting statistics of\n electronic transport through single-molecule magnet", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the full counting statistics (FCS) in a single-molecule magnet (SMM)\nwith finite Coulomb interaction $U$. For finite $U$ the FCS, differing from\n$U\\rightarrow \\infty $, shows a symmetric gate-voltage-dependence when the\ncoupling strengths with two electrodes are interchanged, which can be observed\nexperimentally just by reversing the bias-voltages. Moreover, we find that the\neffect of finite $U$ on shot noise depends on the internal level structure of\nthe SMM and the coupling asymmetry of the SMM with two electrodes as well. When\nthe coupling of the SMM with the incident-electrode is stronger than that with\nthe outgoing-electrode, the super-Poissonian shot noise in the sequential\ntunneling regime appears under relatively small gate-voltage and relatively\nlarge finite $U$, and dose not for $U\\rightarrow \\infty $; while it occurs at\nrelatively large gate-voltage for the opposite coupling case. The formation\nmechanism of super-Poissonian shot noise can be qualitatively attributed to the\ncompetition between fast and slow transport channels.\n" }, { "id": "97b275d1-30bc-4d5d-a67f-eafebdb10580", "adv_source_id": "97b275d1-30bc-4d5d-a67f-eafebdb10580", "source_id": "97b275d1-30bc-4d5d-a67f-eafebdb10580", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On entropic gravity: the entropy postulate, entropy content of screens\n and relation to quantum mechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the controversial hypothesis that gravity is an entropic force\nthat has its origin in the thermodynamics of holographic screens. Several key\naspects of entropic gravity are discussed. In particular, we revisit and\nelaborate on our criticism of the recent claim that entropic gravity fails to\nexplain observations involving gravitationally-bound quantum states of neutrons\nin the GRANIT experiment and gravitationally induced quantum interference. We\nargue that the analysis leading to this claim is troubled by a\nmisinterpretation concerning the relation between the microstates of a\nholographic screen and the state of a particle in the emergent space,\nengendering inconsistencies. A point of view that could resolve the\ninconsistencies is presented. We expound the general idea of the aforementioned\ncritical analysis of entropic gravity in such a consistent setting. This\nenables us to clarify the problem and to identify a premise whose validity will\ndecide the faith of the criticism against entropic gravity. It is argued that\nin order to reach a sensible conclusion we need more detailed knowledge on\nentropic gravity. These arguments are relevant to any theory of emergent space,\nwhere the entropy of the microscopic system depends on the distribution of\nmatter in the emergent space.\n" }, { "id": "2ef7341c-4a8c-4ad5-b71e-f979c94d7def", "adv_source_id": "2ef7341c-4a8c-4ad5-b71e-f979c94d7def", "source_id": "2ef7341c-4a8c-4ad5-b71e-f979c94d7def", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Relic neutrinos: Physically consistent treatment of effective number of\n neutrinos and neutrino mass", "prompt": null, "generation": " We perform a model independent study of the neutrino momentum distribution at\nfreeze-out, treating the freeze-out temperature as a free parameter. Our\nresults imply that measurement of neutrino reheating, as characterized by the\nmeasurement of the effective number of neutrinos $N_\\nu$, amounts to the\ndetermination of the neutrino kinetic freeze-out temperature within the context\nof the standard model of particle physics where the number of neutrino flavors\nis fixed and no other massless (fractional) particles arise. At temperatures on\nthe order of the neutrino mass, we show how cosmic background neutrino\nproperties i.e. energy density, pressure, particle density, are modified in a\nphysically consistent way as a function of neutrino mass and $N_\\nu$.\n" }, { "id": "ab38da3b-cf31-4877-83e4-e4d8b3fb5df3", "adv_source_id": "ab38da3b-cf31-4877-83e4-e4d8b3fb5df3", "source_id": "ab38da3b-cf31-4877-83e4-e4d8b3fb5df3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "F-thresholds of hypersurfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " We continue our study of F-thresholds begun in math/0607660 by an in depth\nanalysis of the hypersurface case. We use the D--module theoretic description\nof generalized test ideals which allows us to show that in any F--finite\nregular ring the F-thresholds of hypersurfaces are discrete and rational (in\nmath/0607660 the finite type over a field case was shown for arbitrary ideals).\nFurthermore we show that any limit of F-pure thresholds of principal ideals in\nbouneded dimension is again an F-pure-threshold, hence in particular the limit\nis rational. The study of the set of F-pure-thresholds leads to natural analogs\nof conjectures of Shokurov and Koll\\'{a}r (for log canonical thresholds) in the\ncase of F-pure-thresholds.\n" }, { "id": "46b603bc-72ee-4fe1-9a21-cc23ff83b8ca", "adv_source_id": "46b603bc-72ee-4fe1-9a21-cc23ff83b8ca", "source_id": "46b603bc-72ee-4fe1-9a21-cc23ff83b8ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optical models of the big bang and non-trivial space-time metrics based\n on metamaterials", "prompt": null, "generation": " Optics of metamaterials is shown to provide interesting table top models of\nmany non-trivial space-time metrics. The range of possibilities is broader than\nthe one allowed in classical general relativity. For example, extraordinary\nwaves in indefinite metamaterials experience an effective metric, which is\nformally equivalent to the \"two times physics\" model in 2+2 dimensions. An\noptical analogue of a \"big bang\" event is presented during which a (2+1)\nMinkowski space-time is created together with large number of particles\npopulating this space-time. Such metamaterial models enable experimental\nexploration of the metric phase transitions to and from the Minkowski\nspace-time as a function of temperature and/or light frequency.\n" }, { "id": "63590e5d-6b83-43cf-8509-08b22eb82e4b", "adv_source_id": "63590e5d-6b83-43cf-8509-08b22eb82e4b", "source_id": "63590e5d-6b83-43cf-8509-08b22eb82e4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gaussian Process Regression with Heteroscedastic or Non-Gaussian\n Residuals", "prompt": null, "generation": " Gaussian Process (GP) regression models typically assume that residuals are\nGaussian and have the same variance for all observations. However, applications\nwith input-dependent noise (heteroscedastic residuals) frequently arise in\npractice, as do applications in which the residuals do not have a Gaussian\ndistribution. In this paper, we propose a GP Regression model with a latent\nvariable that serves as an additional unobserved covariate for the regression.\nThis model (which we call GPLC) allows for heteroscedasticity since it allows\nthe function to have a changing partial derivative with respect to this\nunobserved covariate. With a suitable covariance function, our GPLC model can\nhandle (a) Gaussian residuals with input-dependent variance, or (b)\nnon-Gaussian residuals with input-dependent variance, or (c) Gaussian residuals\nwith constant variance. We compare our model, using synthetic datasets, with a\nmodel proposed by Goldberg, Williams and Bishop (1998), which we refer to as\nGPLV, which only deals with case (a), as well as a standard GP model which can\nhandle only case (c). Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are developed for both\nmodelsl. Experiments show that when the data is heteroscedastic, both GPLC and\nGPLV give better results (smaller mean squared error and negative\nlog-probability density) than standard GP regression. In addition, when the\nresidual are Gaussian, our GPLC model is generally nearly as good as GPLV,\nwhile when the residuals are non-Gaussian, our GPLC model is better than GPLV.\n" }, { "id": "a4fba1e9-95bf-44e4-8276-9ba222d6079d", "adv_source_id": "a4fba1e9-95bf-44e4-8276-9ba222d6079d", "source_id": "a4fba1e9-95bf-44e4-8276-9ba222d6079d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Are There Any New Vacua of Gauged N=8 Supergravity in Four Dimensions?", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the most general SU(3) singlet space of gauged N=8 supergravity\nin four-dimensions. The SU(3)-invariant six scalar fields in the theory can be\nviewed in terms of six real four-forms. By exponentiating these four-forms, we\neventually obtain the new scalar potential. For the two extreme limits, we\nreproduce the previous results found by Warner in 1983. In particular, for the\nN=1 G_2 critical point, we find the constraint surface parametrized by three\nscalar fields on which the cosmological constant has the same value. We obtain\nthe BPS domain-wall solutions for restricted scalar submanifold. We also\ndescribe the three-dimensional mass-deformed superconformal Chern-Simons matter\ntheory dual to the above supersymmetric flows in four-dimensions.\n" }, { "id": "7867ac6c-d91b-4720-b89e-8042783045ab", "adv_source_id": "7867ac6c-d91b-4720-b89e-8042783045ab", "source_id": "7867ac6c-d91b-4720-b89e-8042783045ab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lensed galaxies in CANDELS", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results from a search for gravitationally lensed galaxies present\nin the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera-3 (WFC3) images of the\nCosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We present\none bona fide lens system in UDS and two compact lens candidates in the GOODS-S\nfield. The lensing system in UDS involves two background galaxies, one at\nz=1.847 lensed to an arc and a counterimage, and the second at a photometric\nredshift of z=2.32^{+0.10}_{-0.06} lensed to a double image. We reconstruct the\nlensed sources in the source plane and find in each of the two cases the\nsources can be separated to a pair of galaxies. The sources responsible for the\narc are compact with effective radii of 0.3 to 0.4 kpc in WFC3 J_{125}-band and\na total stellar mass and a star-formation rate of 2.1_{-0.4}^{+2.4} times 10^7\nM_sun and 2.3_{-1.7}^{+ 0.6} M_sun yr^{-1}, respectively.The abnormally high\nH_{160}-band flux of this source is likely due to OIII emission lines with a\nrest-frame equivalent width about 700 Angstroms for OIII 5007 Angstroms. The\nsources responsible for the double image have corresponding values of about 0.4\nto 0.5 kpc, 1.4_{-0.8}^{+1.9} times 10^9 M_sun, and 8.7_{-7.0}^{+11.1} M_sun\nyr^{-1}. Once completed CANDELS is expected to contain about 15 lensing systems\nand will allow statistical studies on both lensing mass profiles and z ~ 2\nlensed galaxies.\n" }, { "id": "7cb71b9e-8abf-48dc-9ea0-2f7a8c44de9e", "adv_source_id": "7cb71b9e-8abf-48dc-9ea0-2f7a8c44de9e", "source_id": "7cb71b9e-8abf-48dc-9ea0-2f7a8c44de9e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Metric-first & entropy-first surprises", "prompt": null, "generation": " Established idea-sets don't update seamlessly. The tension between new and\nold views of nature is e.g. documented in Galileo's dialogs and now present in\nmany fields. However the science of Bayesian model-selection has made recent\nstrides in both life & physical sciences, in effect suggesting that we look to\nmodels which are quantitatively {\\em surprised least} by present-day\nobservations.\n We illustrate the relevance of this to physics-education with a qualitative\nlook at two paradigm-shifts, namely from {\\bf Lorentz-transform to\nmetric-equation} descriptions of motion in space-time, and from {\\bf classical\nto statistical thermodynamics} with help from Boltzmann's choice-multiplicity &\nShannon's uncertainty. Connections of the latter to {\\bf correlation measures}\nbehind available-work, evolving complexity, and model-selection relevant to\nphysics undergrads are also explored.\n New strategies are exemplified with Appendices {\\em for teachers} on:\nanyspeed traffic-laws & 3-vector velocity-addition, the energy-momentum\nhalf-plane lost to finite lightspeed, the modern distinction between proper &\ngeometric accelerations, metric-first kinematics with acceleration &\ndifferential-aging, quantifying risk with a handful of coins, effective number\nof choices, available work in bits, reversible-thermalization of life's\npower-stream, and choice-multiplicity measures of layered complex-system\nhealth.\n" }, { "id": "99be5a05-e6d0-4ead-9158-def5f28acb5a", "adv_source_id": "99be5a05-e6d0-4ead-9158-def5f28acb5a", "source_id": "99be5a05-e6d0-4ead-9158-def5f28acb5a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Dark Magnetism of the Universe", "prompt": null, "generation": " Despite the success of Maxwell's electromagnetism in the description of the\nelectromagnetic interactions on small scales, we know very little about the\nbehaviour of electromagnetic fields on cosmological distances. Thus, it has\nbeen suggested recently that the problems of dark energy and the origin of\ncosmic magnetic fields could be pointing to a modification of Maxwell's theory\non large scales. Here, we review such a proposal in which the scalar state\nwhich is usually eliminated be means of the Lorenz condition is allowed to\npropagate. On super-Hubble scales, the new mode is essentially given by the\ntemporal component of the electromagnetic potential and contributes as an\neffective cosmological constant to the energy-momentum tensor. The new state\ncan be generated from quantum fluctuations during inflation and it is shown\nthat the predicted value for the cosmological constant agrees with observations\nprovided inflation took place at the electroweak scale. We also consider more\ngeneral theories including non-minimal couplings to the space-time curvature in\nthe presence of the temporal electromagnetic background. We show that both in\nthe minimal and non-minimal cases, the modified Maxwell's equations include new\neffective current terms which can generate magnetic fields from sub-galactic\nscales up to the present Hubble horizon. The corresponding amplitudes could be\nenough to seed a galactic dynamo or even to account for observations just by\ncollapse and differential rotation in the protogalactic cloud.\n" }, { "id": "17269147-2e88-40e5-a5ea-d0df016bdfc5", "adv_source_id": "17269147-2e88-40e5-a5ea-d0df016bdfc5", "source_id": "17269147-2e88-40e5-a5ea-d0df016bdfc5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Dominating Sets in Triangulations on Surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " A dominating set D of a graph G is a set such that each vertex v of G is\neither in the set or adjacent to a vertex in the set. Matheson and Tarjan\n(1996) proved that any n-vertex plane triangulation has a dominating set of\nsize at most n/3, and conjectured a bound of n/4 for n sufficiently large. King\nand Pelsmajer recently proved this for graphs with maximum degree at most 6.\nPlummer and Zha (2009) and Honjo, Kawarabayashi, and Nakamoto (2009) extended\nthe n/3 bound to triangulations on surfaces.\n We prove two related results: (i) There is a constant c such that any\nn-vertex plane triangulation with maximum degree at most 6 has a dominating set\nof size at most n/6 + c. (ii) For any surface S, nonnegative t, and epsilon >\n0, there exists C such that for any n-vertex triangulation on S with at most t\nvertices of degree other than 6, there is a dominating set of size at most\nn(1/6 + epsilon) + C.\n As part of the proof, we also show that any n-vertex triangulation of a\nnon-orientable surface has a non-contractible cycle of length at most 2sqrt(n).\nAlbertson and Hutchinson (1986) proved that for n-vertex triangulation of an\norientable surface other than a sphere has a non-contractible cycle of length\nsqrt(2n), but no similar result was known for non-orientable surfaces.\n" }, { "id": "60689da6-3542-4d85-9bc8-d8f6ff65b470", "adv_source_id": "60689da6-3542-4d85-9bc8-d8f6ff65b470", "source_id": "60689da6-3542-4d85-9bc8-d8f6ff65b470", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Correlated disorder in Kondo lattice", "prompt": null, "generation": " Motivated by recent experiments on disordered heavy-fermion materials, we\nstudy the effect of correlated disorder in Kondo lattice. Correlations between\nthe impurities are considered at the two-particle level. We use mean-field\ntheory approximation for the Anderson lattice model to calculate how the\nemergence of coherence in the Kondo lattice is impacted by correlations between\nimpurities. We show that the rate at which disorder suppresses coherence\ntemperature depends on the length of impurity correlations. As impurity\nconcentration increases, we generally find that the suppression of coherence\ntemperature is significantly reduced. The results are discussed in the context\nof available experimental data.\n" }, { "id": "dee69f6e-1861-4e71-b7f3-5cb8dbb43b7f", "adv_source_id": "dee69f6e-1861-4e71-b7f3-5cb8dbb43b7f", "source_id": "dee69f6e-1861-4e71-b7f3-5cb8dbb43b7f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A wireless lingual feedback device to reduce overpressures in seated\n posture: a feasibility study", "prompt": null, "generation": " BACKGROUND: Pressure sores are localized injuries to the skin and underlying\ntissues and are mainly resulting from overpressure. Paraplegic peoples are\nparticularly subjects to pressure sores because of long-time seated postures\nand sensory deprivation at the lower limbs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:\nHere we report outcomes of a feasibility trial involving a biofeedback system\naimed at reducing buttock overpressure whilst an individual is seated. The\nsystem consists of (1) pressure sensors, (2) a laptop coupling sensors and\nactuator (3) a wireless Tongue Display Unit (TDU) consisting of a circuit\nembedded in a dental retainer with electrodes put in contact with the tongue.\nThe principle consists in (1) detecting overpressures in people who are seated\nover long periods of time, (2) estimating a postural change that could reduce\nthese overpressures and (3) communicating this change through directional\ninformation transmitted by the TDU. Twenty-four healthy subjects voluntarily\nparticipated in this study. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The findings suggest\nthat, in this trial, subjects were able to use a tongue tactile feedback system\nto reduce buttock overpressure while seated. Further evaluation of this system\non paraplegic subjects remains to be done.\n" }, { "id": "c1a0cefc-5cbc-4bca-aa50-85ebe5f8ba06", "adv_source_id": "c1a0cefc-5cbc-4bca-aa50-85ebe5f8ba06", "source_id": "c1a0cefc-5cbc-4bca-aa50-85ebe5f8ba06", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bulk Viscosity driven clusterization of quark-gluon plasma and early\n freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a new scenario for heavy ion collisions that could solve the\nlingering problems associated with the so-called HBT puzzle. We postulate that\nthe system starts expansion as the perfect quark-gluon fluid but close to\nfreeze-out it splits into clusters, due to a sharp rise of bulk viscosity in\nthe vicinity of the hadronization transition. We then argue that the\ncharacteristic cluster size is determined by the viscosity coefficient and the\nexpansion rate. Typically it is much smaller and independent of the total\nsystem volume. These clusters maintain the pre-existing outward-going flow, as\na spray of droplets, but develop no flow of their own, and hadronize by\nevaporation. We provide an ansatz for converting the hydrodynamic output into\nclusters.\n" }, { "id": "ccee22fd-1195-4df4-b12d-fbef49aab783", "adv_source_id": "ccee22fd-1195-4df4-b12d-fbef49aab783", "source_id": "ccee22fd-1195-4df4-b12d-fbef49aab783", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Two-Connection Renormalization and Nonholonomic Gauge Models of Einstein\n Gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new framework to perturbative quantum gravity is proposed following the\ngeometry of nonholonomic distributions on (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds. There\nare considered such distributions and adapted connections, also completely\ndefined by a metric structure, when gravitational models with infinite many\ncouplings reduce to two--loop renormalizable effective actions. We use a key\nresult from our partner work arXiv:0902.0911 that the classical Einstein\ngravity theory can be reformulated equivalently as a nonholonomic gauge model\nin the bundle of affine/de Sitter frames on pseudo-Riemannian spacetime. It is\nproven that (for a class of nonholonomic constraints and splitting of the\nLevi-Civita connection into a \"renormalizable\" distinguished connection, on a\nbase background manifold, and a gauge like distortion tensor, in total space) a\nnonholonomic differential renormalization procedure for quantum gravitational\nfields can be elaborated. Calculation labor is reduced to one- and two-loop\nlevels and renormalization group equations for nonholonomic configurations.\n" }, { "id": "aa1a73b3-371c-4201-a239-008fb2f8e00e", "adv_source_id": "aa1a73b3-371c-4201-a239-008fb2f8e00e", "source_id": "aa1a73b3-371c-4201-a239-008fb2f8e00e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evolutionary Dynamics of Scientific Collaboration Networks: Multi-Levels\n and Cross-time Analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " Several studies exist which use scientific literature for comparing\nscientific activities (e.g., productivity, and collaboration). In this study,\nusing co-authorship data over the last 40 years, we present the evolutionary\ndynamics of multi level (i.e., individual, institutional and national)\ncollaboration networks for exploring the emergence of collaborations in the\nresearch field of \"steel structures\". The collaboration network of scientists\nin the field has been analyzed using author affiliations extracted from Scopus\nbetween 1970 and 2009. We have studied collaboration distribution networks at\nthe micro-, meso- and macro-levels for the 40 years. We compared and analyzed a\nnumber of properties of these networks (i.e., density, centrality measures, the\ngiant component and clustering coefficient) for presenting a longitudinal\nanalysis and statistical validation of the evolutionary dynamics of \"steel\nstructures\" collaboration networks. At all levels, the scientific\ncollaborations network structures were central considering the closeness\ncentralization while betweenness and degree centralization were much lower. In\ngeneral networks density, connectedness, centralization and clustering\ncoefficient were highest in marco-level and decreasing as the network size grow\nto the lowest in micro-level. We also find that the average distance between\ncountries about two and institutes five and for authors eight meaning that only\nabout eight steps are necessary to get from one randomly chosen author to\nanother.\n" }, { "id": "9197cdec-e350-47ba-a747-ef940212a61f", "adv_source_id": "9197cdec-e350-47ba-a747-ef940212a61f", "source_id": "9197cdec-e350-47ba-a747-ef940212a61f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Oscillations in the decay law: A possible quantum mechanical explanation\n of the anomaly in the experiment at the GSI facility", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the deviations from the usual exponential decay law for quantum\nmechanical systems. We show that simple and physically motivated deviations\nfrom the Breit-Wigner energy distribution of the unstable state are sufficient\nto generate peculiar deviations from the exponential decay law. Denoting with\n$p(t)$ the survival probability, its derivative $h(t)$ shows typically an\noscillating behavior on top of the usual exponential function. We argue that\nthis can be a viable explanation of the observed experimental results at GSI\nDarmstadt, where the function $h(t)$ has been experimentally measured for\nelectron capture decays of Hydrogen-like ions. Moreover, if our interpretation\nis correct, we predict that by measuring $h(t)$ at times close to the initial\none, the number of decays per second rapidly drops to zero.\n" }, { "id": "237062fc-5ae5-4337-bd77-32cbba568e57", "adv_source_id": "237062fc-5ae5-4337-bd77-32cbba568e57", "source_id": "237062fc-5ae5-4337-bd77-32cbba568e57", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Degenerating slopes with respect to Heegaard distance", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $M=H_{+}\\cup_{S} H_{-}$ be a genus $g$ Heegaard splitting with Heegaard\ndistance $n\\geq \\kappa+2$: (1) Let $c_{1}$, $c_{2}$ be two slopes in the same\ncomponent of $\\partial_{-}H_{-}$, such that the natural Heegaard splitting\n$M^{i}=H_{+}\\cup_{S} (H_{-}\\cup_{c_{i}} 2-handle)$ has distance less than $n$,\nthen the distance of $c_{1}$ and $c_{2}$ in the curve complex of\n$\\partial_{-}H_{-}$ is at most $3\\mathfrak{M}+2$, where $\\kappa$ and\n$\\mathfrak{M}$ are constants due to Masur-Minsky. (2) Let $M^{*}$ be the\nmanifold obtained by attaching a collection of handlebodies $\\mathscr{H}$ to\n$\\partial_{-} H_{-}$ along a map $f$ from $\\partial \\mathscr{H}$ to\n$\\partial_{-} H_{-}$. If $f$ is a sufficiently large power of a generic\npseudo-Anosov map, then the distance of the Heegaard splitting $M^{*}=H_{+}\\cup\n(H_{-}\\cup_{f} \\mathscr{H})$ is still $n$. The proofs rely essentially on\nMasur-Minsky's theory of curve complex.\n" }, { "id": "e8b3457c-29fb-4388-a6cb-c8da38607089", "adv_source_id": "e8b3457c-29fb-4388-a6cb-c8da38607089", "source_id": "e8b3457c-29fb-4388-a6cb-c8da38607089", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Baxter operators for arbitrary spin II", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper presents the second part of our study devoted to the construction\nof Baxter operators for the homogeneous closed XXX spin chain with the quantum\nspace carrying infinite or finite-dimensional $s\\ell_2$ representations. We\nconsider the Baxter operators used in \\cite{BLZ,Shortcut}, formulate their\nconstruction uniformly with the construction of our previous paper. The\nbuilding blocks of all global chain operators are derived from the general\nYang-Baxter operators and all operator relations are derived from general\nYang-Baxter relations. This leads naturally to the comparison of both\nconstructions and allows to connect closely the treatment of the cases of\ninfinite-dimensional representation of generic spin and finite-dimensional\nrepresentations of integer or half-integer spin. We proof not only the\nrelations between the operators but present also their explicit forms and\nexpressions for their action on polynomials representing the quantum states.\n" }, { "id": "18ca979b-ba45-4db5-89c5-232a34e707d1", "adv_source_id": "18ca979b-ba45-4db5-89c5-232a34e707d1", "source_id": "18ca979b-ba45-4db5-89c5-232a34e707d1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "From vacuum fluctuations across an event horizon to long distance\n correlations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the stress energy two-point function to show how short distance\ncorrelations across the horizon transform into correlations among asymptotic\nstates, for the Unruh effect, and for black hole radiation. In the first case\nthe transition is caused by the coupling to accelerated systems. In the second,\nthe transition is more elusive and due to the change of the geometry from the\nnear horizon region to the asymptotic one. The gradual transition is\nappropriately described by using affine coordinates. We relate this to the\ncovariant regularization used to evaluate the mean value of the stress energy.\nWe apply these considerations to analogue black holes, i.e. dispersive\ntheories. On one hand, the preferred rest frame gives further insight about the\ntransition, and on the other hand, the dispersion tames the singular behavior\nfound on the horizon in relativistic theories.\n" }, { "id": "f2ae51c7-f563-485e-b8ae-417534cd09d5", "adv_source_id": "f2ae51c7-f563-485e-b8ae-417534cd09d5", "source_id": "f2ae51c7-f563-485e-b8ae-417534cd09d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evolution of Massive Scalar Fields in the Spacetime of a Tense Brane\n Black Hole", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the spacetime of a $d$-dimensional static tense brane black hole we\nelaborate the mechanism by which massive scalar fields decay. The metric of a\nsix-dimensional black hole pierced by a topological defect is especially\ninteresting. It corresponds to a black hole residing on a tensional 3-brane\nembedded in a six-dimensional spacetime, and this solution has gained\nimportance due to the planned accelerator experiments. It happened that the\nintermediate asymptotic behaviour of the fields in question was determined by\nan oscillatory inverse power-law. We confirm our investigations by numerical\ncalculations for five- and six-dimensional cases. It turned out that the\ngreater the brane tension is, the faster massive scalar fields decay in the\nconsidered spacetimes.\n" }, { "id": "af4b767d-0d0a-4e0b-b64d-5bb7d799527e", "adv_source_id": "af4b767d-0d0a-4e0b-b64d-5bb7d799527e", "source_id": "af4b767d-0d0a-4e0b-b64d-5bb7d799527e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Study of B0 to rho+rho- Decays and Constraints on the CKM Angle alpha", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present results from an analysis of B0 to rho+rho- decays using 383.6\nmillion BB-bar pairs collected by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II\nasymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. The measurements of the B0 to rho+rho-\nbranching fraction, longitudinal polarization fraction f_L, and the\nCP-violating parameters S_{long} and C_{long} are:\n B(B0-> rho+rho-) = (25.5 +/- 2.1 (stat) +3.6/-3.9 (syst))*10^-6 f_L = 0.992\n+/- 0.024 (stat) +0.026/-0.013 (syst) S_{long} = -0.17 +/- 0.20 (stat)\n+0.05/-0.06 (syst) C_{long} = 0.01 +/- 0.15 (stat) +/- 0.06 (syst) We determine\nthe unitarity triangle angle alpha, using an isospin analysis of B to rhorho\ndecays. One of the two solutions, alpha = [73.1, 117.0] degrees at 68% CL is\ncompatible with standard model-based fits of existing data. Constraints on the\nunitarity triangle are also evaluated using an SU(3) symmetry based approach.\n" }, { "id": "9c1c9b6f-3b48-4bfa-9d9e-2965729f7efa", "adv_source_id": "9c1c9b6f-3b48-4bfa-9d9e-2965729f7efa", "source_id": "9c1c9b6f-3b48-4bfa-9d9e-2965729f7efa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The gravitational dynamics of warped throats", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the time evolution due to gravitational dynamics of a\nparticular spacetime commonly used in brane-cosmology and string\ncompactifications, namely the Klebanov-Strassler geometry, which is achieved by\nadding a perturbation to the momentum of the static solution. We observe the\neffects this has on the spacetime and look for evidence of black hole formation\nor collapsing cycles which could lead to singular geometry. The cycles are seen\nto commonly re-expand after reaching a minimum value, showing the stability of\nthe solution against perturbations which would change its size. However black\nholes are observed to form for certain perturbations, which could impede common\nuses of the throat's stable tip.\n" }, { "id": "596d2370-89e9-4620-ad24-c95ce8d06d15", "adv_source_id": "596d2370-89e9-4620-ad24-c95ce8d06d15", "source_id": "596d2370-89e9-4620-ad24-c95ce8d06d15", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evolutionary Inference via the Poisson Indel Process", "prompt": null, "generation": " We address the problem of the joint statistical inference of phylogenetic\ntrees and multiple sequence alignments from unaligned molecular sequences. This\nproblem is generally formulated in terms of string-valued evolutionary\nprocesses along the branches of a phylogenetic tree. The classical evolutionary\nprocess, the TKF91 model, is a continuous-time Markov chain model comprised of\ninsertion, deletion and substitution events. Unfortunately this model gives\nrise to an intractable computational problem---the computation of the marginal\nlikelihood under the TKF91 model is exponential in the number of taxa. In this\nwork, we present a new stochastic process, the Poisson Indel Process (PIP), in\nwhich the complexity of this computation is reduced to linear. The new model is\nclosely related to the TKF91 model, differing only in its treatment of\ninsertions, but the new model has a global characterization as a Poisson\nprocess on the phylogeny. Standard results for Poisson processes allow key\ncomputations to be decoupled, which yields the favorable computational profile\nof inference under the PIP model. We present illustrative experiments in which\nBayesian inference under the PIP model is compared to separate inference of\nphylogenies and alignments.\n" }, { "id": "5199386e-51ca-4993-a056-ad9f2054f6bf", "adv_source_id": "5199386e-51ca-4993-a056-ad9f2054f6bf", "source_id": "5199386e-51ca-4993-a056-ad9f2054f6bf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ab initio study of QCD thermodynamics on the lattice at zero and finite\n densities", "prompt": null, "generation": " The WHOT-QCD Collaboration is pushing forward a series of lattice studies of\nQCD at finite temperatures and densities using improved Wilson quarks. Because\nWilson-type quarks require more computational resources than the more widely\nadopted staggered-type quarks, various theoretical and computational techniques\nhave to be developed and applied. In this paper, we introduce the fixed-scale\napproach armed with the T-integration method, the Gaussian method based on the\ncumulant expansion, and the histogram method combined with the reweighting\ntechnique. Adopting these methods, we have carried out the first study of\nfinite-density QCD with Wilson-type quarks and the first calculation of the\nequation of state with 2+1 flavors of Wilson-type quarks. We present results of\nthese studies and discuss perspectives towards a clarification of the\nproperties of 2+1 flavor QCD at the physical point, at finite temperatures and\ndensities.\n" }, { "id": "64a30e72-68b2-4acb-abdb-9ed68b2fa342", "adv_source_id": "64a30e72-68b2-4acb-abdb-9ed68b2fa342", "source_id": "64a30e72-68b2-4acb-abdb-9ed68b2fa342", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Centrality, system size and energy dependences of charged-particle\n pseudo-rapidity distribution", "prompt": null, "generation": " Utilizing the three-fireball picture within the quark combination model, we\nstudy systematically the charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in both\nAu+Au and Cu+Cu collision systems as a function of collision centrality and\nenergy, $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV, in full pseudorapidity\nrange. We find that: (i)the contribution from leading particles to\n$dN_{ch}/d\\eta$ distributions increases with the decrease of the collision\ncentrality and energy respectively; (ii)the number of the leading particles is\nalmost independent of the collision energy, but it does depend on the nucleon\nparticipants $N_{part}$; (iii)if Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the same\ncollision energy are selected to have the same $N_{part}$, the resulting of\ncharged particle $dN/d\\eta$ distributions are nearly identical, both in the\nmid-rapidity particle density and the width of the distribution. This is true\nfor both 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV data. (iv)the limiting fragmentation phenomenon\nis reproduced. (iiv) we predict the total multiplicity and pseudorapidity\ndistribution for the charged particles in Pb+Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}=\n5.5$ TeV. Finally, we give a qualitative analysis of the $N_{ch}/$\nand $dN_{ch}/d\\eta/|_{\\eta\\approx0}$ as function of $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$\nand $N_{part}$ from RHIC to LHC.\n" }, { "id": "5f4248e0-2d75-441a-b4a0-145b3f238780", "adv_source_id": "5f4248e0-2d75-441a-b4a0-145b3f238780", "source_id": "5f4248e0-2d75-441a-b4a0-145b3f238780", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Boussinesq Systems of Bona-Smith Type on Plane Domains: Theory and\n Numerical Analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider a class of Boussinesq systems of Bona-Smith type in two space\ndimensions approximating surface wave flows modelled by the three-dimensional\nEuler equations. We show that various initial-boundary-value problems for these\nsystems, posed on a bounded plane domain are well posed locally in time. In the\ncase of reflective boundary conditions, the systems are discretized by a\nmodified Galerkin method which is proved to converge in $L^2$ at an optimal\nrate. Numerical experiments are presented with the aim of simulating\ntwo-dimensional surface waves in complex plane domains with a variety of\ninitial and boundary conditions, and comparing numerical solutions of\nBona-Smith systems with analogous solutions of the BBM-BBM system.\n" }, { "id": "fb62b1b4-eb1f-4775-8326-c9730b15d488", "adv_source_id": "fb62b1b4-eb1f-4775-8326-c9730b15d488", "source_id": "fb62b1b4-eb1f-4775-8326-c9730b15d488", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Theoretical and experimental activities on opacities for a good\n interpretation of seismic stellar probes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Opacity calculations are basic ingredients of stellar modelling. They play a\ncrucial role in the interpretation of acoustic modes detected by SoHO, COROT\nand KEPLER. In this review we present our activities on both theoretical and\nexperimental sides. We show new calculations of opacity spectra and comparisons\nbetween eight groups who produce opacity spectra calculations in the domain\nwhere experiments are scheduled. Real differences are noticed with real\nastrophysical consequences when one extends helioseismology to cluster studies\nof different compositions. Two cases are considered presently: (1) the solar\nradiative zone and (2) the beta Cephei envelops. We describe how our\nexperiments are performed and new preliminary results on nickel obtained in the\ncampaign 2010 at LULI 2000 at Polytechnique.\n" }, { "id": "2d7e67cc-270a-4280-a728-02ccffdef60e", "adv_source_id": "2d7e67cc-270a-4280-a728-02ccffdef60e", "source_id": "2d7e67cc-270a-4280-a728-02ccffdef60e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Residual Component Analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) seeks a low dimensional\nrepresentation of a data set in the presence of independent spherical Gaussian\nnoise, Sigma = (sigma^2)*I. The maximum likelihood solution for the model is an\neigenvalue problem on the sample covariance matrix. In this paper we consider\nthe situation where the data variance is already partially explained by other\nfactors, e.g. covariates of interest, or temporal correlations leaving some\nresidual variance. We decompose the residual variance into its components\nthrough a generalized eigenvalue problem, which we call residual component\nanalysis (RCA). We show that canonical covariates analysis (CCA) is a special\ncase of our algorithm and explore a range of new algorithms that arise from the\nframework. We illustrate the ideas on a gene expression time series data set\nand the recovery of human pose from silhouette.\n" }, { "id": "f6562158-cfa6-4887-a865-9d6807b80b2d", "adv_source_id": "f6562158-cfa6-4887-a865-9d6807b80b2d", "source_id": "f6562158-cfa6-4887-a865-9d6807b80b2d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin dynamics of electrons and holes in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells at\n milliKelvin temperatures", "prompt": null, "generation": " The carrier spin dynamics in a n-doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum well has been\nstudied by time-resolved Faraday rotation and ellipticity techniques in the\ntemperature range down to 430 milliKelvin. These techniques give data with very\ndifferent spectral dependencies, from which nonetheless consistent information\non the spin dynamics can be obtained, in agreement with theoretical\npredictions. The mechanisms of long-lived spin coherence generation are\ndiscussed for the cases of trion and exciton resonant excitation. We\ndemonstrate that carrier localization leads to a saturation of spin relaxation\ntimes at 45 ns for electrons below 4.5 K and at 2 ns for holes below 2.3 K. The\nunderlying spin relaxation mechanisms are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "fc54452c-fea4-46e0-953e-3171bddfe102", "adv_source_id": "fc54452c-fea4-46e0-953e-3171bddfe102", "source_id": "fc54452c-fea4-46e0-953e-3171bddfe102", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "VERITAS observations of the BL Lac 1ES 1218+304", "prompt": null, "generation": " The VERITAS collaboration reports the detection of very-high-energy (VHE)\ngamma-ray emission from the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1218+304\nlocated at a redshift of z=0.182. A gamma-ray signal was detected with a\nstatistical significance of 10.4 standard deviations (10.4 sigma) for the\nobservations taken during the first three months of 2007, confirming the\ndiscovery of this object made by the MAGIC collaboration. The photon spectrum\nbetween ~160 GeV and ~1.8 TeV is well described by a power law with an index of\nGamma = 3.08 +/- 0.34_stat +/- 0.2_sys. The integral flux is Phi(E > 200 GeV) =\n(12.2 +/- 2.6) X 10^-12 cm^-2 s^-1, which corresponds to ~6% of that of the\nCrab Nebula. The light curve does not show any evidence for VHE flux\nvariability. Using lower limits on the density of the extragalactic background\nlight in the near to mid-infrared we are able to limit the range of intrinsic\nenergy spectra for 1ES 1218+304. We show that the intrinsic photon spectrum has\nan index that is harder than Gamma = 2.32 +/- 0.37_stat. When including\nconstraints from the spectra of 1ES 1101-232 and 1ES 0229+200, the spectrum of\n1ES 1218+304 is likely to be harder than Gamma = 1.86 +/- 0.37_stat.\n" }, { "id": "b83ae858-5bb6-433e-b2d5-30a670daad9c", "adv_source_id": "b83ae858-5bb6-433e-b2d5-30a670daad9c", "source_id": "b83ae858-5bb6-433e-b2d5-30a670daad9c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Almost local metrics on shape space of hypersurfaces in n-space", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper extends parts of the results from [P.W.Michor and D. Mumford,\n\\emph{Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal.,} 23 (2007), pp. 74--113] for plane curves to\nthe case of hypersurfaces in $\\mathbb R^n$. Let $M$ be a compact connected\noriented $n-1$ dimensional manifold without boundary like the sphere or the\ntorus. Then shape space is either the manifold of submanifolds of $\\mathbb R^n$\nof type $M$, or the orbifold of immersions from $M$ to $\\mathbb R^n$ modulo the\ngroup of diffeomorphisms of $M$. We investigate almost local Riemannian metrics\non shape space. These are induced by metrics of the following form on the space\nof immersions: $$ G_f(h,k) = \\int_{M}\n\\Phi(\\on{Vol}(f),\\operatorname{Tr}(L))\\g(h, k) \\operatorname{vol}(f^*\\g),$$\nwhere $\\g$ is the Euclidean metric on $\\mathbb R^n$, $f^*\\g$ is the induced\nmetric on $M$, $h,k\\in C^\\infty(M,\\mathbb R^n)$ are tangent vectors at $f$ to\nthe space of embeddings or immersions, where $\\Phi:\\mathbb R^2\\to \\mathbb\nR_{>0}$ is a suitable smooth function, $\\operatorname{Vol}(f) =\n\\int_M\\operatorname{vol}(f^*\\g)$ is the total hypersurface volume of $f(M)$,\nand the trace $\\operatorname{Tr}(L)$ of the Weingarten mapping is the mean\ncurvature. For these metrics we compute the geodesic equations both on the\nspace of immersions and on shape space, the conserved momenta arising from the\nobvious symmetries, and the sectional curvature. For special choices of $\\Phi$\nwe give complete formulas for the sectional curvature. Numerical experiments\nillustrate the behavior of these metrics.\n" }, { "id": "43b3adab-61eb-45c6-8b59-1535755beeb4", "adv_source_id": "43b3adab-61eb-45c6-8b59-1535755beeb4", "source_id": "43b3adab-61eb-45c6-8b59-1535755beeb4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Length and time scales of a liquid drop impact and penetration into a\n granular layer", "prompt": null, "generation": " Liquid drop impact and penetration into a granular layer are investigated\nwith diverse liquids and granular materials. We use various size of SiC\nabrasives and glass beads as a target granular material. We also employ ethanol\nand glycerol aqueous solutions as well as distilled water to make a liquid\ndrop. The liquid drop impacts the granular layer with a low speed (~ m/s). The\ndrop deformation and penetration are captured by a high speed camera. From the\nvideo data, characteristic time scales are measured. Using a laser profilometry\nsystem, resultant crater morphology and its characteristic length scales are\nmeasured. Static strength of the granular layer is also measured by the slow\npillar penetration experiment to quantify the cohesive force effect. We find\nthat the time scales are almost independent of impact speed, but they depend on\nliquid drop viscosity. Particularly, the penetration time is proportional to\nthe square root of the liquid drop viscosity. Contrastively, the crater radius\nis independent of the liquid drop viscosity. The crater radius is scaled by the\nsame form as the previous paper, (Katsuragi, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 104, 2010,\np. 218001).\n" }, { "id": "02cd79c8-60db-41ce-b15e-01bc55050e18", "adv_source_id": "02cd79c8-60db-41ce-b15e-01bc55050e18", "source_id": "02cd79c8-60db-41ce-b15e-01bc55050e18", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Throughput Optimal Scheduling with Dynamic Channel Feedback", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is well known that opportunistic scheduling algorithms are throughput\noptimal under full knowledge of channel and network conditions. However, these\nalgorithms achieve a hypothetical achievable rate region which does not take\ninto account the overhead associated with channel probing and feedback required\nto obtain the full channel state information at every slot. We adopt a channel\nprobing model where $\\beta$ fraction of time slot is consumed for acquiring the\nchannel state information (CSI) of a single channel. In this work, we design a\njoint scheduling and channel probing algorithm named SDF by considering the\noverhead of obtaining the channel state information. We first analytically\nprove SDF algorithm can support $1+\\epsilon$ fraction of of the full rate\nregion achieved when all users are probed where $\\epsilon$ depends on the\nexpected number of users which are not probed. Then, for homogenous channel, we\nshow that when the number of users in the network is greater than 3, $\\epsilon\n> 0$, i.e., we guarantee to expand the rate region. In addition, for\nheterogenous channels, we prove the conditions under which SDF guarantees to\nincrease the rate region. We also demonstrate numerically in a realistic\nsimulation setting that this rate region can be achieved by probing only less\nthan 50% of all channels in a CDMA based cellular network utilizing high data\nrate protocol under normal channel conditions.\n" }, { "id": "0cbdf848-7490-44bf-97a9-6d4075192f12", "adv_source_id": "0cbdf848-7490-44bf-97a9-6d4075192f12", "source_id": "0cbdf848-7490-44bf-97a9-6d4075192f12", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Photoluminescence of hexagonal boron nitride: effect of surface\n oxidation under UV-laser irradiation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report on the UV laser induced fluorescence of hexagonal boron nitride\n(h-BN) following nanosecond laser irradiation of the surface under vacuum and\nin different environments of nitrogen gas and ambient air. The observed\nfluorescence bands are tentatively ascribed to impurity and mono (VN), or\nmultiple (m-VN with m = 2 or 3) nitrogen vacancies. A structured fluorescence\nband between 300 nm and 350 nm is assigned to impurity-band transition and its\ncomplex lineshape is attributed to phonon replicas. An additional band at 340\nnm, assigned to VN vacancies on surface, is observed under vacuum and quenched\nby adsorbed molecular oxygen. UV-irradiation of h-BN under vacuum results in a\nbroad asymmetric fluorescence at ~400 nm assigned to m-VN vacancies; further\nirradiation breaks more B-N bonds enriching the surface with elemental boron.\nHowever, no boron deposit appears under irradiation of samples in ambient\natmosphere. This effect is explained by oxygen healing of radiation-induced\nsurface defects. Formation of the oxide layer prevents B-N dissociation and\npreserves the bulk sample stoichiometry.\n" }, { "id": "61366506-8f52-4851-9a24-9b69e2601817", "adv_source_id": "61366506-8f52-4851-9a24-9b69e2601817", "source_id": "61366506-8f52-4851-9a24-9b69e2601817", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Discovery Potential for Low-Scale Gauge Mediation at Early LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " Low-scale gauge-mediated supersymmetry(SUSY)-breaking (GMSB) models with\ngravitino mass m_{3/2}<16 eV are attractive, since there are no flavor and\ncosmological problems. In this paper, we thoroughly study the collider signal\nin the case that the next-to-lightest SUSY particle is the bino or slepton and\ninvestigate the discovery potential of the LHC. Our result is applicable to a\nwider class of GMSB models other than the minimal GMSB models and we pay\nparticular attention to realistic experimental setups. We also apply our\nanalysis to the minimal GMSB models with a metastable SUSY-breaking vacuum and\nwe show, by requiring sufficient stability of the SUSY-breaking vacuum, these\nmodels can be tested at an early stage of the LHC.\n" }, { "id": "01c2f55c-8bd5-4bfe-8433-09552e7c8a70", "adv_source_id": "01c2f55c-8bd5-4bfe-8433-09552e7c8a70", "source_id": "01c2f55c-8bd5-4bfe-8433-09552e7c8a70", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Convergence of Diagonal Ergodic Averages", "prompt": null, "generation": " Tao has recently proved that if $T_1,...,T_l$ are commuting, invertible,\nmeasure-preserving transformations on a dynamical system then for any\n$L^\\infty$ functions $f_1,...,f_l$, the average\n$\\frac{1}{N}\\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}\\prod_{i\\leq l}f_i\\circ T^n_i$ converges in the\n$L^2$ norm. Tao's proof is unusual in that it translates the problem into a\nmore complicated statement about the combinatorics of finite spaces by using\nthe Furstenberg correspondence \"backwards\". In this paper, we give an ergodic\nproof of this theorem, essentially a translation of Tao's argument to the\nergodic setting. In order to do this, we develop two new variations on the\nusual Furstenberg correspondence, both of which take recurrence-type statements\nin one dynamical system and give equivalent statements in a different dynamical\nsystem with desirable properties.\n" }, { "id": "c513fdf0-c47a-4a9b-9cdd-5d1a2d2aa1a9", "adv_source_id": "c513fdf0-c47a-4a9b-9cdd-5d1a2d2aa1a9", "source_id": "c513fdf0-c47a-4a9b-9cdd-5d1a2d2aa1a9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On Holographic description of the Kerr-Newman-AdS-dS black holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we study the holographic description of the generic\nfour-dimensional non-extremal Kerr-Newman-AdS-dS black holes. We find that if\nfocusing on the near-horizon region, for the massless scalar scattering in the\nlow-frequency limit, there exists hidden conformal symmetry on the solution\nspace. Similar to the Kerr case, this suggests that the Kerr-Newman-AdS-dS\nblack hole is dual to a two-dimensional CFT with central charges\n$c_L=c_R=\\frac{6a(r_++r_\\ast)}{k}$ and temperatures\n$T_L=\\frac{k(r_+^2+r_\\ast^2+2a^2)}{4\\pi a\\Xi(r_++r_\\ast)},\nT_R=\\frac{k(r_+-r_\\ast)}{4\\pi a\\Xi}$. The macroscopic Bekenstein-Hawking\nentropy could be recovered from the microscopic counting in dual CFT via the\nCardy formula. Using the Minkowski prescription, we compute the real-time\ncorrelators of the scalar, photon and graviton in near horizon geometry of near\nextremal Kerr-AdS-dS black hole. In all these cases, the retarded Green's\nfunction and the corresponding absorption cross section are in perfect match\nwith CFT prediction. We further discuss the low-frequency scattering of a\ncharged scalar by a Kerr-Newman-AdS-dS black hole and find the dual CFT\ndescription.\n" }, { "id": "d0cd61d2-0d35-4497-acb6-e1fec2d43f6e", "adv_source_id": "d0cd61d2-0d35-4497-acb6-e1fec2d43f6e", "source_id": "d0cd61d2-0d35-4497-acb6-e1fec2d43f6e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Adsorption of CO$_2$ and CH$_4$ and their mixtures in gas hydrates", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report results from grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations of methane and\ncarbon dioxide adsorption in structure sI gas hydrates. Simulations of pure\ncomponent systems show that all methane sites are equivalent, while carbon\ndioxide distinguishes between two types of sites, large or small. The adsorbed\nmixture can be regarded as ideal, as long as only large sites are occupied. A\nstrong preference is demonstrated for methane, when the smaller sites become\nfilled.\n The molar heat of adsorption of methane decreases with composition, while the\nmolar heat of adsorption for carbon dioxide passes an extremum, essentially in\naccordance with the observation on the site sizes. The Helmholtz energies of\nthe hydrate with CO$_2$-CH$_4$ gas mixture for temperatures between 278 and 328\nK and pressures between 10$^4$ and 10$^9$ Pa indicate that certain mixtures are\nmore stable than others. The results indicate that a thermodynamic path exists\nfor conversion of a pure methane hydrate into a pure carbon dioxide hydrate\nwithout destroying the hydrate structure.\n" }, { "id": "bf2d442f-3d08-414d-b6d5-1e01b8b60d9b", "adv_source_id": "bf2d442f-3d08-414d-b6d5-1e01b8b60d9b", "source_id": "bf2d442f-3d08-414d-b6d5-1e01b8b60d9b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The LVD Core Facility: a study of LVD as muon veto and active shielding\n for dark matter experiments", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this study we explore the possibility of using the existing structure of a\nrunning experiment, the LVD supernova observatory at the INFN Gran Sasso\nNational Laboratory, as an active shield and veto for the muon-induced\nbackground. In our vision LVD could become (without affecting in any way its\nmain purpose of SN neutrino telescope) a host for a relatively compact but\nmassive experiment looking for rare events. The empty volume that can be\nobtained removing 2 modules from the most internal part of the detector is 2.1m\nx 6.2m x 2.8m; we will call it LVD Core Facility (LVD-CF). We have evaluated\nthe active vetoing and shielding power of LVD, with a detailed MC simulation\n(based on Geant4) of the detector and the rock that surrounds it. The results\nshow that the flux of neutrons that are not associated with a visible muon in\nLVD is very low; it results reduced by a factor 50, equivalent to the one\npresent in a much deeper underground laboratory, i.e. Sudbury. Moreover we\npresent the results of on-going measurements about the gamma contamination\ninside the LVD-CF: it is reduced by a factor greater than 10 with respect to\nthe one measured outside the LVD detector.\n" }, { "id": "f12142fe-2a83-4e44-9d4f-dfd0b810f642", "adv_source_id": "f12142fe-2a83-4e44-9d4f-dfd0b810f642", "source_id": "f12142fe-2a83-4e44-9d4f-dfd0b810f642", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The interaction between the projectile and the target core in single\n ionization of helium by 100 MeV/u C$^{6+}$ and 1 GeV/u U$^{92+}$ ions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider single ionization of helium by fast highly charged ions. The\nionization is treated as a three-body problem which involves the 'active'\ntarget electron, the target core (consisting of the target nucleus and the\n'passive' target electron) and the projectile-ion. We show that, unless the\ntransverse momentum transfer in the collision is large, the deviation of the\ninteraction between the projectile and the target core from the purely coulomb\nlaw has a weak effect on the ionization. In particular, the account of this\ndeviation does not enable one to get an agreement with experimental data on the\nfully differential cross section for the electron emission into the so called\nperpendicular plane.\n" }, { "id": "8eb340b4-9d47-42b7-91b9-8e5bdf123463", "adv_source_id": "8eb340b4-9d47-42b7-91b9-8e5bdf123463", "source_id": "8eb340b4-9d47-42b7-91b9-8e5bdf123463", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The yoga of commutators", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the present paper we discuss some recent versions of localisation methods\nfor calculations in the groups of points of algebraic-like and classical-like\ngroups. Namely, we describe relative localisation, universal localisation, and\nenhanced versions of localisation-completion. Apart from the general strategic\ndescription of these methods, we state some typical technical results of the\nconjugation calculus and the commutator calculus. Also, we state several recent\nresults obtained therewith, such as relative standard commutator formulae,\nbounded width of commutators, with respect to the elementary generators, and\nnilpotent filtrations of congruence subgroups. Overall, this shows that\nlocalisation methods can be much more efficient, than expected.\n" }, { "id": "8fdf3d0a-8d27-45ac-b403-fc55b9740bcd", "adv_source_id": "8fdf3d0a-8d27-45ac-b403-fc55b9740bcd", "source_id": "8fdf3d0a-8d27-45ac-b403-fc55b9740bcd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Structure and Properties of Epitaxial Thin Films of Bi2fecro6: A\n Multiferroic Material Postulated by Ab-Initio Computation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Experimental results on Bi2FeCrO6 (BFCO) epitaxial films deposited by laser\nablation on SrTiO3 substrates are presented. It has been theoretically\npredicted using first-principles density functional theory that BFCO is\nferrimagnetic (with a magnetic moment of 2muB per formula unit) and\nferroelectric (with a polarization of ~80 microC/cm2 at 0K). The crystal\nstructure investigated using X-ray diffraction shows that the films are\nepitaxial with a high degree of crystallinity. Chemical analysis carried out by\nX-ray Microanalysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy indicates the correct\ncationic stoichiometry in the BFCO layer, namely (Bi:Fe:Cr = 2:1:1).\nCross-section high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images together\nwith selected area electron diffraction confirm the crystalline quality of the\nepitaxial BFCO films with no identifiable foreign phase or inclusion. The\nmultiferroic character of BFCO is proven by piezoresponse force microscopy\n(PFM) and magnetic measurements showing that the films exhibit ferroelectric\nand magnetic hysteresis at room temperature. The local piezoelectric\nmeasurements show the presence of ferroelectric domains and their switching at\nthe sub-micron scale.\n" }, { "id": "9e24b652-c1cf-4f6e-bd35-64a0cc7b1787", "adv_source_id": "9e24b652-c1cf-4f6e-bd35-64a0cc7b1787", "source_id": "9e24b652-c1cf-4f6e-bd35-64a0cc7b1787", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fano Mechanism of the Giant Magnetoresistance Formation in a Spin\n Nanostructure", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is shown that, upon the electron quantum transport via the nanostructure\ncontaining a spin dimer, the spin-flip processes caused by the s-f exchange\ninteraction between electron and dimer spins lead to the Fano resonance\neffects. An applied magnetic field eliminates degeneracy of the upper triplet\nstates of the dimer, changes the conditions for implementation of the Fano\nresonances and antiresonances, and induces the new Fano resonance and\nantiresonance. It results in the occurrence of a sharp peak and dip in the\nenergy dependence of transmittance. These effects strongly modify the\ncurrent--voltage characteristic of the spin-dimer structure in a magnetic field\nand form giant magnetoresistance.\n" }, { "id": "78cdb79b-2705-42b6-8403-64265c6338f7", "adv_source_id": "78cdb79b-2705-42b6-8403-64265c6338f7", "source_id": "78cdb79b-2705-42b6-8403-64265c6338f7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the origin of long-range correlations in texts", "prompt": null, "generation": " The complexity of human interactions with social and natural phenomena is\nmirrored in the way we describe our experiences through natural language. In\norder to retain and convey such a high dimensional information, the statistical\nproperties of our linguistic output has to be highly correlated in time. An\nexample are the robust observations, still largely not understood, of\ncorrelations on arbitrary long scales in literary texts. In this paper we\nexplain how long-range correlations flow from highly structured linguistic\nlevels down to the building blocks of a text (words, letters, etc..). By\ncombining calculations and data analysis we show that correlations take form of\na bursty sequence of events once we approach the semantically relevant topics\nof the text. The mechanisms we identify are fairly general and can be equally\napplied to other hierarchical settings.\n" }, { "id": "7e0c2d2f-2398-4f1e-8c9d-8967feaeaa32", "adv_source_id": "7e0c2d2f-2398-4f1e-8c9d-8967feaeaa32", "source_id": "7e0c2d2f-2398-4f1e-8c9d-8967feaeaa32", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Maximal Displacement for Bridges of Random Walks in a Random Environment", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is well known that the distribution of simple random walks on $\\bf{Z}$\nconditioned on returning to the origin after $2n$ steps does not depend on $p=\nP(S_1 = 1)$, the probability of moving to the right. Moreover, conditioned on\n$\\{S_{2n}=0\\}$ the maximal displacement $\\max_{k\\leq 2n} |S_k|$ converges in\ndistribution when scaled by $\\sqrt{n}$ (diffusive scaling).\n We consider the analogous problem for transient random walks in random\nenvironments on $\\bf{Z}$. We show that under the quenched law $P_\\omega$\n(conditioned on the environment $\\omega$), the maximal displacement of the\nrandom walk when conditioned to return to the origin at time $2n$ is no longer\nnecessarily of the order $\\sqrt{n}$. If the environment is nestling (both\npositive and negative local drifts exist) then the maximal displacement\nconditioned on returning to the origin at time $2n$ is of order\n$n^{\\kappa/(\\kappa+1)}$, where the constant $\\kappa>0$ depends on the law on\nenvironment. On the other hand, if the environment is marginally nestling or\nnon-nestling (only non-negative local drifts) then the maximal displacement\nconditioned on returning to the origin at time $2n$ is at least\n$n^{1-\\varepsilon}$ and at most $n/(\\ln n)^{2-\\varepsilon}$ for any\n$\\varepsilon>0$.\n As a consequence of our proofs, we obtain precise rates of decay for\n$P_\\omega(X_{2n}=0)$. In particular, for certain non-nestling environments we\nshow that $P_\\omega(X_{2n}=0) = \\exp\\{-Cn -C'n/(\\ln n)^2 + o(n/(\\ln n)^2) \\}$\nwith explicit constants $C,C'>0$.\n" }, { "id": "90b1d246-0575-4d98-8e15-5c1c5f15978e", "adv_source_id": "90b1d246-0575-4d98-8e15-5c1c5f15978e", "source_id": "90b1d246-0575-4d98-8e15-5c1c5f15978e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Distributed Supervisory Control of Discrete-Event Systems with\n Communication Delay", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper identifies a property of delay-robustness in distributed\nsupervisory control of discrete-event systems (DES) with communication delays.\nIn previous work a distributed supervisory control problem has been\ninvestigated on the assumption that inter-agent communications take place with\nnegligible delay. From an applications viewpoint it is desirable to relax this\nconstraint and identify communicating distributed controllers which are\ndelay-robust, namely logically equivalent to their delay-free counterparts. For\nthis we introduce inter-agent channels modeled as 2-state automata, compute the\noverall system behavior, and present an effective computational test for\ndelay-robustness. From the test it typically results that the given delay-free\ndistributed control is delay-robust with respect to certain communicated\nevents, but not for all, thus distinguishing events which are not\ndelay-critical from those that are. The approach is illustrated by a workcell\nmodel with three communicating agents.\n" }, { "id": "237fdde1-c37e-4c04-a260-b08f65f66244", "adv_source_id": "237fdde1-c37e-4c04-a260-b08f65f66244", "source_id": "237fdde1-c37e-4c04-a260-b08f65f66244", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bistable states of quantum dot array junctions for high-density memory", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate that two-dimensional (2D) arrays of coupled quantum dots (QDs)\nwith six-fold degenerate p orbitals can display bistable states, suitable for\napplication in high-density memory device with low power consumption. Due to\nthe inter-dot coupling of $p_x$ and $p_y$ orbitals in these QD arrays, two\ndimensional conduction bands can be formed in the x-y plane, while the $p_z$\norbitals remain localized in the x-y plane such that the inter-dot coupling\nbetween them can be neglected. We model such systems by taking into account the\non-site repulsive interactions between electrons in $p_z$ orbitals and the\ncoupling of the localized $p_z$ orbitals with the 2D conduction bands formed by\n$p_x$ and $p_y$ orbitals. The Green's function method within an extended\nAnderson model is used to calculate the tunneling current through the QDs. We\nfind that bistable tunneling current can exist for such systems due to the\ninterplay of the on-site Coulomb interactions (U) between the $p_z$ orbitals\nand the delocalized nature of conduction band states derived from the\nhybridization of $p_x$ / $p_y$ orbitals. This bistable current is not sensitive\nto the detailed band structure of the two dimensional band, but depends\ncritically on the strength of $U$ and the ratio of the left and right tunneling\nrates. The behavior of the electrical bistability can be sustained when the 2D\nQD array reduces to a one-dimensional QD array, indicating the feasibility for\nhigh-density packing of these bistable nanoscale structures.\n" }, { "id": "f5264bb2-ea6e-4998-b0c9-fb504c5a8aa2", "adv_source_id": "f5264bb2-ea6e-4998-b0c9-fb504c5a8aa2", "source_id": "f5264bb2-ea6e-4998-b0c9-fb504c5a8aa2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from the Single-Degenerate\n Channel of Type Ia Supernovae", "prompt": null, "generation": " We demonstrate that the integrated gravitational wave signal of Type Ia\nsupernovae (SNe Ia) in the single-degenerate channel out to cosmological\ndistances gives rise to a continuous background to spaceborne gravitational\nwave detectors, including the Big Bang Observer (BBO) and Deci-Hertz\nInterferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) planned missions. This\ngravitational wave background from SNe Ia acts as a noise background in the\nfrequency range 0.1 - 10 Hz, which heretofore was thought to be relatively free\nfrom astrophysical sources apart from neutron star binaries, and therefore a\nkey window in which to study primordial gravitational waves generated by\ninflation. While inflationary energy scales of $\\gtrsim 10^{16}$ GeV yield\ninflationary gravitational wave backgrounds in excess of our range of predicted\nbackgrounds, for lower energy scales of $\\sim10^{15}$ GeV, the inflationary\ngravitational wave background becomes comparable to the noise background from\nSNe Ia.\n" }, { "id": "979d42b7-4de0-473c-a317-28e08a7b79b7", "adv_source_id": "979d42b7-4de0-473c-a317-28e08a7b79b7", "source_id": "979d42b7-4de0-473c-a317-28e08a7b79b7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Bayesian approach to cyclic activity of CF Oct", "prompt": null, "generation": " Bayesian statistical methods of Gregory-Loredo and the Bretthorst\ngeneralization of the Lomb-Scargle periodogram have been applied for studying\nactivity cycles of the early K-type subgiant star CF Oct. We have used a ~45\nyear long dataset derived from archival photographic observations, published\nphotoelectric photometry, Hipparcos data series and All Sky Automated Survey\narchive. We have confirmed the already known rotational period for the star of\n20.16 d and have shown evidences that it has exhibited changes from 19.90 d to\n20.45 d. This is an indication for stellar surface differential rotation.The\nBayesian magnitude and time--residual analysis reveals clearly at least one\nlong-term cycle. The cycle lenght's posterior distributions appear to be\nmultimodal with a pronounced peak at a period of 7.1 y with FWHM of 54 d for\ntime-residuals and at a period of 9.8 y with FWHM of 184 d for magitude data.\nThese results are consistent with the previously postulated cycle of 9+/-3\nyears.\n" }, { "id": "0df60399-37e3-441e-b988-21849dbf1f0d", "adv_source_id": "0df60399-37e3-441e-b988-21849dbf1f0d", "source_id": "0df60399-37e3-441e-b988-21849dbf1f0d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells", "prompt": null, "generation": " Organic solar cells have the potential to be low-cost and efficient solar\nenergy converters, with a promising energy balance. They are made from\ncarbon-based semiconductors, which exhibit favourable light absorption and\ncharge generation properties, and can be manufactured by low temperature\nprocesses such as printing from solvent-based inks, which are compatible with\nflexible plastic substrates or even paper. In this review, we will present an\noverview of the physical function of organic solar cells, their\nstate-of-the-art performance and limitations, as well as novel concepts to\nachieve a better material stability and higher power conversion efficiencies.\nWe will also briefly review processing and cost in view of the market\npotential.\n" }, { "id": "79b41688-99dc-4cfc-beac-7ef91488b14f", "adv_source_id": "79b41688-99dc-4cfc-beac-7ef91488b14f", "source_id": "79b41688-99dc-4cfc-beac-7ef91488b14f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Calculation of Puckering Free Energy Surfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " Cremer-Pople puckering coordinates appear to be the natural candidate\nvariables to explore the conformational space of cyclic compounds, and in\nliterature different parametrizations have been used to this end. However,\nwhile every parametrization is equivalent in identifying conformations, it is\nnot obvious that they can also act as proper collective variables for the\nexploration of the puckered conformations free energy surface. It is shown that\nonly the polar parametrization is fit to produce an unbiased estimate of the\nfree energy landscape. As an example, the case of a six-membered ring,\nglucuronic acid, is presented, showing the artefacts that are generated when a\nwrong parametrization is used.\n" }, { "id": "47723826-d0c0-48b9-bfcb-d694312a5eca", "adv_source_id": "47723826-d0c0-48b9-bfcb-d694312a5eca", "source_id": "47723826-d0c0-48b9-bfcb-d694312a5eca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The anomaly line bundle of the self-dual field theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this work, we determine explicitly the anomaly line bundle of the abelian\nself-dual field theory over the space of metrics modulo diffeomorphisms,\nincluding its torsion part. Inspired by the work of Belov and Moore, we propose\na non-covariant action principle for a pair of Euclidean self-dual fields on a\ngeneric oriented Riemannian manifold. The corresponding path integral allows to\nstudy the global properties of the partition function over the space of metrics\nmodulo diffeomorphisms. We show that the anomaly bundle for a pair of self-dual\nfields differs from the determinant bundle of the Dirac operator coupled to\nchiral spinors by a flat bundle that is not trivial if the underlying manifold\nhas middle-degree cohomology, and whose holonomies are determined explicitly.\nWe briefly sketch the relevance of this result for the computation of the\nglobal gravitational anomaly of the self-dual field theory, that will appear in\nanother paper.\n" }, { "id": "519bef0e-f0a8-4c49-8afb-56da61e6186d", "adv_source_id": "519bef0e-f0a8-4c49-8afb-56da61e6186d", "source_id": "519bef0e-f0a8-4c49-8afb-56da61e6186d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cooperative dynamics in charge-ordered state of alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2I3", "prompt": null, "generation": " Electric-field-dependent pulse measurements are reported in the\ncharge-ordered state of alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2I3. At low electric fields up to about\n50 V/cm only negligible deviations from Ohmic behavior can be identified with\nno threshold field. At larger electric fields and up to about 100 V/cm a\nreproducible negative differential resistance is observed with a significant\nchange in shape of the measured resistivity in time. These changes critically\ndepend whether constant voltage or constant current is applied to the single\ncrystal. At high enough electric fields the resistance displays a dramatic drop\ndown to metallic values and relaxes subsequently in a single-exponential manner\nto its low-field steady-state value. We argue that such an electric-field\ninduced negative differential resistance and switching to transient states are\nfingerprints of cooperative domain-wall dynamics inherent to two-dimensional\nbond-charge density wave with ferroelectric-like nature.\n" }, { "id": "307b11b4-3257-469f-b00e-78ac481f9122", "adv_source_id": "307b11b4-3257-469f-b00e-78ac481f9122", "source_id": "307b11b4-3257-469f-b00e-78ac481f9122", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Results from hadroproduction experiments", "prompt": null, "generation": " The hadroproduction experiments HARP, MIPP and NA61 (SHINE) as well as their\nimplications for neutrino physics are discussed. HARP measurements have already\nbeen used for precise predictions of neutrino beams in K2K and\nMiniBooNE/SciBooNE experiments and are also being used to improve the\natmospheric neutrino flux predictions and to help in the optimization of\nneutrino factory and super-beam designs. The MIPP experiment has nearly\nfinalized measurements of hadron production from the NuMI target used in the\nMINOS experiment. First measurements released recently by the NA61 (SHINE)\nexperiment are of significant importance for a precise prediction of the J-PARC\nneutrino beam used for the first stage of the T2K experiment. All three\nexperiments - HARP, MIPP and NA61 - provide also a large amount of input for\nvalidation and tuning of hadron production models in Monte-Carlo generators.\n" }, { "id": "e8a55485-fb24-4836-8969-5e745b06decc", "adv_source_id": "e8a55485-fb24-4836-8969-5e745b06decc", "source_id": "e8a55485-fb24-4836-8969-5e745b06decc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantifying Stellar Mass Loss with High Angular Resolution Imaging", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mass is constantly being recycled in the universe. One of the most powerful\nrecycling paths is via stellar mass-loss. All stars exhibit mass loss with\nrates ranging from ~10(-14) to 10(-4) M(sun) yr-1, depending on spectral type,\nluminosity class, rotation rate, companion proximity, and evolutionary stage.\nThe first generation of stars consisted mostly of hydrogen and helium. These\nshed material - via massive winds, planetary nebulae and supernova explosions -\nseeding the interstellar medium with heavier elements. Subsequent generations\nof stars incorporated this material, changing how stars burn and providing\nmaterial for planet formation. An understanding of mass loss is critical for\nmodeling individual stars as well as answering larger astrophysical questions.\nUnderstanding mass loss is essential for following the evolution of single\nstars, binaries, star clusters, and galaxies. Mass loss is one of our weakest\nareas in the modeling of fundamental stellar processes. In large part this is\nowing to lack of confrontation with detailed observations of stellar\nphotospheres and the mass-loss process. High resolution optical imagery with\ntelescope arrays is beginning to provide these data and, combined with\nspectroscopy and broad infrared and sub-mm coverage, supporting more\nsophisticated models on fast computers and promising a new era in mass-loss\nstudies.\n" }, { "id": "ae4968df-f13b-412b-aaf9-e51a6b1a23af", "adv_source_id": "ae4968df-f13b-412b-aaf9-e51a6b1a23af", "source_id": "ae4968df-f13b-412b-aaf9-e51a6b1a23af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Rotational quasi periodicities and the Sun - heliosphere connection", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mutual quasi-periodicities near the solar-rotation period appear in time\nseries based on the Earth's magnetic field, the interplanetary magnetic field,\nand signed solar-magnetic fields. Dominant among these is one at 27.03 +/- 0.02\ndays that has been highlighted by Neugebauer, et al. 2000, J. Geophys. Res.,\n105, 2315. Extension of their study in time and to different data reveals\ndecadal epochs during which the ~ 27.0 day, a ~ 28.3 day, or other\nquasi-periods dominate the signal. Space-time eigenvalue analyses of time\nseries in 30 solar latitude bands, based on synoptic maps of unsigned\nphotospheric fields, lead to two maximally independent modes that account for\nalmost 30% of the data variance. One mode spans 45 degrees of latitude in the\nnorthern hemisphere and the other one in the southern. The modes rotate around\nthe Sun rigidly, not differentially, suggesting connection with the subsurface\ndynamo. Spectral analyses yield familiar dominant quasi periods 27.04 +/- 0.03\ndays in the North and at 28.24 +/- 0.03 days in the South. These are replaced\nduring cycle 23 by one at 26.45 +/- 0.03 days in the North. The modes show no\ntendency for preferred longitudes separated by ~ 180 degrees.\n" }, { "id": "bbb025c6-a90b-4a40-b34e-6cbcf0d420c3", "adv_source_id": "bbb025c6-a90b-4a40-b34e-6cbcf0d420c3", "source_id": "bbb025c6-a90b-4a40-b34e-6cbcf0d420c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Electrostatically tuned quantum superconductor-metal-insulator\n transition at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently superconductivity at the interface between the insulators LaAlO3 and\nSrTiO3 has been tuned with the electric field effect to an unprecedented range\nof transition temperatures. Here we perform a detailed finite size scaling\nanalysis to explore the compatibility of the phase transition line with\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) behavior and a 2D-quantum\nphase(QP)-transition. In an intermediate regime, limited by a gate voltage\ndependent limiting length, we uncover remarkable consistency with a\nBKT-critical line ending at a metallic quantum critical point, separating a\nweakly localized insulator from the superconducting phase. Our estimates for\nthe critical exponents of the 2D-QP-transition, z=1 and nu=0.66, suggest that\nit belongs to the 3D-xy universality class.\n" }, { "id": "2865a9b7-6037-4ec0-b091-72e77b9a54e1", "adv_source_id": "2865a9b7-6037-4ec0-b091-72e77b9a54e1", "source_id": "2865a9b7-6037-4ec0-b091-72e77b9a54e1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Simulation of spherulite growth using a comprehensive approach to\n modeling the first-order isotropic/smectic-A mesophase transition", "prompt": null, "generation": " A comprehensive modeling and simulation study of the first-order\nisotropic/smectic-A transition is presented and applied to phase diagram\ncomputation and two-dimensional spherulite growth. An approach based on\nnonlinear optimization, that incorporates experimental data (from 12CB,\ndodecyl-cyanobiphenyl), is used to determine physically realistic model\nparameters. These parameters are then used in conjunction with an optimized\nphase diagram computation method. Additionally, a time-dependent formulation is\npresented and applied to the study of two-dimensional smectic-A spherulite\ngrowth. These results show the growth kinematics and defect dynamics of\nnanoscale smectic-A spherulite growth in an isotropic phase with an initially\nradial layer configuration.\n" }, { "id": "c51acba3-dcf1-4e9d-abbc-efefec0e4625", "adv_source_id": "c51acba3-dcf1-4e9d-abbc-efefec0e4625", "source_id": "c51acba3-dcf1-4e9d-abbc-efefec0e4625", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Noncommutative deformation of the Ward metric", "prompt": null, "generation": " The moduli-space metric in the static non-Abelian charge-two sector of the\nMoyal-deformed CP^1 sigma model in 1+2 dimensions is analyzed. After recalling\nthe commutative results of Ward and Ruback and the zeta-regularized\nconstruction of the noncommutative K\"ahler potential due to the second author,\nexplicit expressions and asymptotics for it are presented and discussed in\ndifferent regions of the moduli space. Along two curves in the moduli space the\npotential can be calculated analytically. In the region of solitons known as\n\"ring-like\", perturbation theory is used. In the region of \"lump-like\"\nsolitons, both perturbation theory and the zeta-function approach are employed.\nWhile the strong noncommutativity limit is smooth and under control, the\ncommutative limit in the two-lump region remains a semiclassical challenge.\n" }, { "id": "c200caae-9d46-4441-80e4-831adc20fc09", "adv_source_id": "c200caae-9d46-4441-80e4-831adc20fc09", "source_id": "c200caae-9d46-4441-80e4-831adc20fc09", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Long-term Variations of Solar Differential Rotation and Sunspot\n Activity: Revisited", "prompt": null, "generation": " Long-term variations of solar differential rotation and sunspot activity are\ninvestigated through re-analyzing the data on parameters of the differential\nrotation law obtained by Makarov, Tlatov, and Callebaut (1997), Javaraiah,\nBertello, and Ulrich (2005a, b), and Javaraiah et al. (2009). Our results\nindicate that the solar surface rotation rate at the Equator (indicated by the\nA parameter of the standard solar rotation law) shows a secular decrease since\ncycle 12 onwards, given by about $1\\,-\\,1.5\\times10^{-3}$($deg\\ day^{-1}\nyear^{-1}$). The B parameter of the standard differential rotation law seems to\nalso show a secular decrease since cycle 12 onwards, but of weak statistical\nsignificance. The rotation rate averaged on latitudes ($0^{o}\\,--\\,40^{o}$)\ndoes not show a secular trend of statistical significance. Moreover, the\naverage sunspot area shows a secular increase of statistical significance since\ncycle 12 onwards, while a negative correlation is found between the level of\nsunspot activity (indicated by the average sunspot area) and the solar\nequatorial rotation in the long run.\n" }, { "id": "6d978198-bc59-46c4-8811-43ff8ae6ff40", "adv_source_id": "6d978198-bc59-46c4-8811-43ff8ae6ff40", "source_id": "6d978198-bc59-46c4-8811-43ff8ae6ff40", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spectrum generating algebras for position-dependent mass oscillator\n Schrodinger equations", "prompt": null, "generation": " The interest of quadratic algebras for position-dependent mass Schr\\\"odinger\nequations is highlighted by constructing spectrum generating algebras for a\nclass of d-dimensional radial harmonic oscillators with $d \\ge 2$ and a\nspecific mass choice depending on some positive parameter $\\alpha$. Via some\nminor changes, the one-dimensional oscillator on the line with the same kind of\nmass is included in this class. The existence of a single unitary irreducible\nrepresentation belonging to the positive-discrete series type for $d \\ge 2$ and\nof two of them for d=1 is proved. The transition to the constant-mass limit\n$\\alpha \\to 0$ is studied and deformed su(1,1) generators are constructed.\nThese operators are finally used to generate all the bound-state wavefunctions\nby an algebraic procedure.\n" }, { "id": "2f38a55e-09bd-4624-8cae-37bb07bdab60", "adv_source_id": "2f38a55e-09bd-4624-8cae-37bb07bdab60", "source_id": "2f38a55e-09bd-4624-8cae-37bb07bdab60", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Identification of an average temperature and a dynamical pressure in a\n multitemperature mixture of fluids", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a classical approach of a mixture of compressible fluids when each\nconstituent has its own temperature. The introduction of an average temperature\ntogether with the entropy principle dictates the classical Fick law for\ndiffusion and also novel constitutive equations associated with the difference\nof temperatures between the components. The constitutive equations fit with\nresults recently obtained through Maxwellian iteration procedure in extended\nthermodynamics theory of multitemperature mixtures. The differences of\ntemperatures between the constituents imply the existence of a new dynamical\npressure even if the fluids have a zero bulk viscosity. The nonequilibrium\ndynamical pressure can be measured and may be convenient in several physical\nsituations as for example in cosmological circumstances where - as many authors\nassert - a dynamical pressure played a major role in the evolution of the early\nuniverse.\n" }, { "id": "3bf1ef82-1fbc-472c-b955-e053ce67cf81", "adv_source_id": "3bf1ef82-1fbc-472c-b955-e053ce67cf81", "source_id": "3bf1ef82-1fbc-472c-b955-e053ce67cf81", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetism in parent Fe-chalcogenides: quantum fluctuations select a\n plaquette order", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze magnetic order in iron-chalcogenide Fe$_{1+y}$Te -- the parent\ncompound of high-temperature superconductor Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{1-x}$Se$_x$. Neutron\nscattering experiments show that magnetic order in this material contains\ncomponents with momentum $Q_1=(\\pi/2, \\pi/2)$ and $Q_2 =(\\pi/2, -\\pi/2)$ in\nFe-only Brillouin zone. The actual spin order depends on the interplay between\nthese two components. Previous works argued that spin order is a single-$Q$\nstate (either $Q_1$ or $Q_2$). Such an order breaks rotational $C_4$ symmetry\nand order spins into a double diagonal stripe. We show that quantum\nfluctuations actually select another order -- a double $Q$ plaquette state with\nequal weight of $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ components, which preserves $C_4$ symmetry but\nbreaks $Z_4$ translational symmetry. We argue that the plaquette state is\nconsistent with recent neutron scattering experiments on Fe$_{1+y}$Te.\n" }, { "id": "c783ff27-640a-4805-bad2-392cc934bd3f", "adv_source_id": "c783ff27-640a-4805-bad2-392cc934bd3f", "source_id": "c783ff27-640a-4805-bad2-392cc934bd3f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On two pictures in the heuristic approach to gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We examine the heuristic approach to constant gravitational field by Dehnen,\nH\\\"onl and Westpfahl, extending it everywhere beyond linear approximation. Then\nit becomes flexible to accommodate possible modifications of General\nRelativity. We have found that two pictures introduced in the related paper by\nThirring are helpful in better understanding some features of gravitation. In\nparticular, this approach suggest that the privileged system for constant\ngravitational field must be the isotropic one and that the requirement of gauge\ninvariance in gravitation theory may be a luxury; it is sufficient to take care\nthat the nonphysical degrees of freedom do not invalidate calculations. It\nfollows from this approach that gravitational constant should depend on\ngravitational field and some universality in the form of metric of an\nasymmetric body is suggested.\n" }, { "id": "d5abf96b-af3a-4a93-997c-1c00c5cde3f6", "adv_source_id": "d5abf96b-af3a-4a93-997c-1c00c5cde3f6", "source_id": "d5abf96b-af3a-4a93-997c-1c00c5cde3f6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The TW Hya Disk at 870 microns: Comparison of CO and Dust Radial\n Structures", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present high resolution (0.3\" = 16 AU), high signal-to-noise ratio\nSubmillimeter Array observations of the 870 microns (345 GHz) continuum and CO\nJ=3--2 line emission from the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya. Using\ncontinuum and line radiative transfer calculations, those data and the\nmultiwavelength spectral energy distribution are analyzed together in the\ncontext of simple two-dimensional parametric disk structure models. Under the\nassumptions of a radially invariant dust population and (vertically integrated)\ngas-to-dust mass ratio, we are unable to simultaneously reproduce the CO and\ndust observations with model structures that employ either a single, distinct\nouter boundary or a smooth (exponential) taper at large radii. Instead, we find\nthat the distribution of millimeter-sized dust grains in the TW Hya disk has a\nrelatively sharp edge near 60 AU, contrary to the CO emission (and\noptical/infrared scattered light) that extends to a much larger radius of at\nleast 215 AU. We discuss some possible explanations for the observed radial\ndistribution of millimeter-sized dust grains and the apparent CO-dust size\ndiscrepancy, and suggest that they may be hallmarks of substructure in the dust\ndisk or natural signatures of the growth and radial drift of solids that might\nbe expected for disks around older pre-main sequence stars like TW Hya.\n" }, { "id": "2bf4c854-cd97-4071-b104-a4de806ea83c", "adv_source_id": "2bf4c854-cd97-4071-b104-a4de806ea83c", "source_id": "2bf4c854-cd97-4071-b104-a4de806ea83c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Regular atomic narrowing of Ni, Fe and V nanowires resolved by 2D\n correlation analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a novel statistical method for the study of stable atomic\nconfigurations in breaking nanowires based on the 2D cross-correlation analysis\nof conductance versus electrode separation traces. Applying this method, we can\nclearly resolve the typical evolutions of the conductance staircase in some\ntransition metal nanojunctions (Ni, Fe, V) up to high conductance values. In\nthese metals our analysis demonstrates a very well ordered atomic narrowing of\nthe nanowire, indicating a very regular, stepwise decrease of the number of\natoms in the minimal cross section of the junction, in contrast to the majority\nof the metals. All these features are hidden in traditional conductance\nhistograms.\n" }, { "id": "4a97608e-bbcd-4549-9e6f-e388c962939e", "adv_source_id": "4a97608e-bbcd-4549-9e6f-e388c962939e", "source_id": "4a97608e-bbcd-4549-9e6f-e388c962939e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unifying Theories of Molecular, Community and Network Evolution", "prompt": null, "generation": " The origin of diversification and coexistence of genes and species have been\ntraditionally studied in isolated biological levels. Ecological and\nevolutionary views have focused on the mechanisms that enable or constrain\nspecies coexistence, genetic variation and the genetics of speciation, but a\nunified theory linking those approaches is still missing. Here we introduce\nevolutionary graphs in the context of neutral theories of molecular evolution\nand biodiversity to provide a framework that simultaneously addresses\nspeciation rate and joint genetic and species diversities. To illuminate this\nquestion we also study two models of evolution on graphs with fitness\ndifferences, which provide insights on how genetic and ecological dynamics\ndrive the speed of diversification. Neutral evolution generates the highest\nspeed of speciation, species richness (i.e. five times and twice as many\nspecies as compared to genetic and ecological graphs, respectively) and\ngenetic--species diversity (i.e., twice as many as genetic and ecological\ngraphs, respectively). Thus the speed of speciation, the genetic--species\ndiversity and coexistence can differ dramatically depending on whether genetic\nfactors versus ecological factors drive the evolution of the system. By linking\nmolecular, sexual and trophic behavior at ecological and evolutionary scales,\ninteracting graphs can illuminate the origin and evolution of diversity and\norganismal coexistence.\n" }, { "id": "63219dae-11ce-43ef-b8ef-e951adfcd2b0", "adv_source_id": "63219dae-11ce-43ef-b8ef-e951adfcd2b0", "source_id": "63219dae-11ce-43ef-b8ef-e951adfcd2b0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chiral Dynamics and Meson with Non-commutative Dipole Field in\n Gauge/Gravity Dual", "prompt": null, "generation": " Apply the T-duality and smeared twist to the D3-brane solution one can\nconstruct the supergravity backgrounds which may dual to supersymmetric or\nnon-supersymmetric non-commutative dipole field theory. We introduce D7-brane\nprobe into the dual supergravity background to study the chiral dynamics and\nmeson spectrum therein. We first find that the non-commutative dipole field\ndoes not induce the chiral symmetry breaking even if the supersymmetry was\ncompletely broken, contrast to the conventional believing that the chiral\nsymmetry will be broken in the non-supersymmetric theory. Next, we find that\nthe dipole field does not modify the meson spectrum in the supersymmetric\ntheory while it will reduce the meson bound-state energy in the\nnon-supersymmetric theory. We also evaluate the static quark anti-quark\npotential and see that the dipole field has an effect to produce attractive\nforce between the quark and anti-quark.\n" }, { "id": "04f1810e-6456-4768-87d4-d21d8cd2f5d5", "adv_source_id": "04f1810e-6456-4768-87d4-d21d8cd2f5d5", "source_id": "04f1810e-6456-4768-87d4-d21d8cd2f5d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Prediction of multivariate responses with a select number of principal\n components", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper proposes a new method and algorithm for predicting multivariate\nresponses in a regression setting. Research into classification of High\nDimension Low Sample Size (HDLSS) data, in particular microarray data, has made\nconsiderable advances, but regression prediction for high-dimensional data with\ncontinuous responses has had less attention. Recently Bair et al (2006)\nproposed an efficient prediction method based on supervised principal component\nregression (PCR). Motivated by the fact that a larger number of principal\ncomponents results in better regression performance, this paper extends the\nmethod of Bair et al in several ways: a comprehensive variable ranking is\ncombined with a selection of the best number of components for PCR, and the new\nmethod further extends to regression with multivariate responses. The new\nmethod is particularly suited to HDLSS problems. Applications to simulated and\nreal data demonstrate the performance of the new method. Comparisons with Bair\net al (2006) show that for high-dimensional data in particular the new ranking\nresults in a smaller number of predictors and smaller errors.\n" }, { "id": "6b41ee62-736f-48a2-9101-3225a7fcfa80", "adv_source_id": "6b41ee62-736f-48a2-9101-3225a7fcfa80", "source_id": "6b41ee62-736f-48a2-9101-3225a7fcfa80", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Experimenting with the Novel Approaches in Text Steganography", "prompt": null, "generation": " As is commonly known, the steganographic algorithms employ images, audio,\nvideo or text files as the medium to ensure hidden exchange of information\nbetween multiple contenders to protect the data from the prying eyes. However,\nusing text as the target medium is relatively difficult as compared to the\nother target media, because of the lack of available redundant information in a\ntext file. In this paper, in the backdrop of the limitations in the prevalent\ntext based steganographic approaches, we propose simple, yet novel approaches\nthat overcome the same. Our approaches are based on combining the random\ncharacter sequence and feature coding methods to hide a character. We also\nanalytically evaluate the approaches based on metrics viz. hiding strength,\ntime overhead and memory overhead entailed. As compared to other methods, we\nbelieve the approaches proposed impart increased randomness and thus aid higher\nsecurity at lower overhead.\n" }, { "id": "97be4bda-27dc-4477-be5b-364af77ba08b", "adv_source_id": "97be4bda-27dc-4477-be5b-364af77ba08b", "source_id": "97be4bda-27dc-4477-be5b-364af77ba08b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effects of non-universal large scales on conditional structure functions\n in turbulence", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report measurements of conditional Eulerian and Lagrangian structure\nfunctions in order to assess the effects of non-universal properties of the\nlarge scales on the small scales in turbulence. We study a 1m $\\times$ 1m\n$\\times$ 1.5m flow between oscillating grids which produces $R_\\lambda=285$\nwhile containing regions of nearly homogeneous and highly inhomogeneous\nturbulence. Large data sets of three-dimensional tracer particle velocities\nhave been collected using stereoscopic high speed cameras with real-time image\ncompression technology. Eulerian and Lagrangian structure functions are\nmeasured in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous regions of the flow. We\ncondition the structure functions on the instantaneous large scale velocity or\non the grid phase. At all scales, the structure functions depend strongly on\nthe large scale velocity, but are independent of the grid phase. We see clear\nsignatures of inhomogeneity near the oscillating grids, but even in the\nhomogeneous region in the center we see a surprisingly strong dependence on the\nlarge scale velocity that remains at all scales. Previous work has shown that\nsimilar correlations extend to very high Reynolds numbers. Comprehensive\nmeasurements of these effects in a laboratory flow provide a powerful tool for\nassessing the effects of shear, inhomogeneity and intermittency of the large\nscales on the small scales in turbulence.\n" }, { "id": "efcc970f-9000-4ab9-90cc-1d74d89d03f9", "adv_source_id": "efcc970f-9000-4ab9-90cc-1d74d89d03f9", "source_id": "efcc970f-9000-4ab9-90cc-1d74d89d03f9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Generalized Berreman's model of the elastic surface free energy of a\n nematic liquid crystal on a sawtoothed substrate", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we present a generalization of Berreman's model for the elastic\ncontribution to the surface free-energy density of a nematic liquid crystal in\npresence of a sawtooth substrate which favours homeotropic anchoring, as a\nfunction of the wavenumber of the surface structure $q$, the tilt angle\n$\\alpha$ and the surface anchoring strength $w$. In addition to the previously\nreported non-analytic contribution proportional to $q\\ln q$, due to the\nnucleation of disclination lines at the wedge bottoms and apexes of the\nsubstrate, the next-to-leading contribution is proportional to $q$ for a given\nsubstrate roughness, in agreement with Berreman's predictions. We characterise\nthis term, finding that it has two contributions: the deviations of the nematic\ndirector field with respect to the corresponding to the isolated disclination\nlines, and their associated core free energies. Comparison with the results\nobtained from the Landau-de Gennes model shows that our model is quite accurate\nin the limit $wL>1$, when strong anchoring conditions are effectively achieved.\n" }, { "id": "385dbd33-268f-4f42-8f7d-d7301a05708a", "adv_source_id": "385dbd33-268f-4f42-8f7d-d7301a05708a", "source_id": "385dbd33-268f-4f42-8f7d-d7301a05708a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Colloquium: Quantum interference of clusters and molecules", "prompt": null, "generation": " We review recent progress and future prospects of matter wave interferometry\nwith complex organic molecules and inorganic clusters. Three variants of a\nnear-field interference effect, based on diffraction by material\nnanostructures, at optical phase gratings, and at ionizing laser fields are\nconsidered. We discuss the theoretical concepts underlying these experiments\nand the experimental challenges. This includes optimizing interferometer\ndesigns as well as understanding the role of decoherence. The high sensitivity\nof matter wave interference experiments to external perturbations is\ndemonstrated to be useful for accurately measuring internal properties of\ndelocalized nanoparticles. We conclude by investigating the prospects for\nprobing the quantum superposition principle in the limit of high particle mass\nand complexity.\n" }, { "id": "cd2127f8-0d29-4ad2-9be5-c0dbaad44761", "adv_source_id": "cd2127f8-0d29-4ad2-9be5-c0dbaad44761", "source_id": "cd2127f8-0d29-4ad2-9be5-c0dbaad44761", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Supersymmetrical Separation of Variables for Scarf II Model: Partial\n Solvability", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, a new quantum model - two-dimensional generalization of the Scarf\nII - was completely solved analytically by SUSY method for the integer values\nof parameter. Now, the same integrable model, but with arbitrary values of\nparameter, will be studied by means of supersymmetrical intertwining relations.\nThe Hamiltonian does not allow the conventional separation of variables, but\nthe supercharge operator does allow, leading to the partial solvability of the\nmodel. This approach, which can be called as the first variant of\nSUSY-separation, together with shape invariance of the model, provides\nanalytical calculation of the part of spectrum and corresponding wave functions\n(quasi-exact-solvability). The model is shown to obey two different variants of\nshape invariance which can be combined effectively in construction of energy\nlevels and wave functions.\n" }, { "id": "edf33b98-7a27-4db3-abcc-11d707bd888d", "adv_source_id": "edf33b98-7a27-4db3-abcc-11d707bd888d", "source_id": "edf33b98-7a27-4db3-abcc-11d707bd888d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Galaxies Rotation Curves in the Grumiller's Modified Gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " The effective potential in the Grumiller's modified gravity [D. Grumiller,\nPhys. Rev. Lett {\\bf 105}, 211303 (2010)] includes the Newtonian potential and\na Rindler term. The fitting to the rotation curve data of eight galaxies\nsuggests a universal Rindler acceleration $a\\approx 0.30\\times 10^{-10}$ m\ns$^{-2}$. We do a two-parameter fit first, with the mass-to-light ratio\n($\\Upsilon_*$) and the Rindler acceleration ($a$) as free parameters. It is\nfound that the data of six out of the eight galaxies fit well with the\nprediction of theory in the range $0\\lesssim r \\lesssim 40$ kpc, although the\ntheoretical curves show a tendency of arising beyond this range. The Rindler\naccelerations of the six well-fitted galaxies have the same magnitude, with an\naverage value $\\bar{a}\\approx0.30\\times 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$. Inspired by this\nfact, we then carry out a one-parameter ($\\Upsilon_*$) fit to the six galaxies,\nwith $a$ fixed at $\\bar{a}$, and find that the theory can still reproduce the\nobservation. The value of Rindler acceleration we get here is a quarter of that\nof Milgrom's MOND. For the rest two galaxies, NGC5055 and DDO154, the fitting\nresults are significantly improved if the photometric scale length ($h$) is\nincluded as another free parameter.\n" }, { "id": "621bd432-3985-4293-9fd8-cc3929647827", "adv_source_id": "621bd432-3985-4293-9fd8-cc3929647827", "source_id": "621bd432-3985-4293-9fd8-cc3929647827", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "UHECR bounds on Lorentz violation in the photon sector", "prompt": null, "generation": " The aim of this brief review is to present a case study of how astrophysics\ndata can be used to get bounds on Lorentz-violating parameters. For this\npurpose, a particularly simple Lorentz-violating modification of the Maxwell\ntheory of photons is considered, which maintains gauge invariance, CPT, and\nrenormalization. With a standard spin-one-half Dirac particle minimally coupled\nto this nonstandard photon, the resulting modified-quantum-electrodynamics\nmodel involves nineteen dimensionless \"deformation parameters.\" Ten of these\nparameters lead to birefringence and are already tightly constrained by\nastrophysics. New bounds on the remaining nine nonbirefringent parameters have\nbeen obtained from the inferred absence of vacuum Cherenkov radiation in\nultrahigh-energy-cosmic-ray (UHECR) events. The resulting astrophysics bounds\nimprove considerably upon current laboratory bounds and the implications of\nthis \"null experiment\" may be profound, both for elementary particle physics\nand cosmology.\n" }, { "id": "e39d0fd5-dbc4-45f5-b860-b2fe18c03205", "adv_source_id": "e39d0fd5-dbc4-45f5-b860-b2fe18c03205", "source_id": "e39d0fd5-dbc4-45f5-b860-b2fe18c03205", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Planets in Open Clusters Detectable by Kepler", "prompt": null, "generation": " While hundreds of planets have been discovered around field stars, only a few\nare known in star clusters. To explain the lack of short-period giant planets\nin globular clusters (GC), such as 47 Tucane and \\omega\\ Centauri, it has been\nsuggested that their low metallicities may have prevented planet formation.\nAlternatively, the high rates of close stellar encounters in these clusters may\nhave influenced the formation and subsequent evolution of planetary systems.\nHow common are planets in clusters around normal main-sequence stars? Here we\nconsider whether this question can be addressed using data from the Kepler\nmission. The Kepler field of view contains 4 low-density (relative to GCs) open\nclusters where the metallicities are about solar (or even higher) and stellar\nencounters are much less frequent than in typical GCs. We provide detailed\n$N$-body models and show that most planets in Kepler-detectable orbits are not\nsignificantly perturbed by stellar encounters in these open clusters. We focus\non the most massive cluster, NGC 6791, which has super-solar metallicity, and\nfind that if planets formed in this cluster at the same frequency as observed\nin the field, Kepler could detect 1 -- 20 transiting planets depending on the\nplanet-size distribution and the duration of data collection. Due to the large\ndistance to NGC 6791 Kepler will have to search relatively faint ($K_p<20$)\nstars for the full extended mission to achieve such a yield.\n" }, { "id": "8885274b-7c19-4322-b557-073bd6b10aad", "adv_source_id": "8885274b-7c19-4322-b557-073bd6b10aad", "source_id": "8885274b-7c19-4322-b557-073bd6b10aad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fixed points of the smoothing transform: Two-sided solutions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given a sequence $(C,T) = (C,T_1,T_2,...)$ of real-valued random variables\nwith $T_j \\geq 0$ for all $j \\geq 1$ and almost surely finite $N = \\sup\\{j \\geq\n1: T_j > 0\\}$, the smoothing transform associated with $(C,T)$, defined on the\nset $\\mathcal{P}(\\R)$ of probability distributions on the real line, maps an\nelement $P\\in\\mathcal{P}(\\R)$ to the law of $C + \\sum_{j \\geq 1} T_j X_j$,\nwhere $X_1,X_2,...$ is a sequence of i.i.d.\\ random variables independent of\n$(C,T)$ and with distribution $P$. We study the fixed points of the smoothing\ntransform, that is, the solutions to the stochastic fixed-point equation\n$X_{1}\\stackrel{\\mathrm{d}}{=}C + \\sum_{j \\geq 1} T_j X_j$. By drawing on\nrecent work by the authors with J.D.\\;Biggins, a full description of the set of\nsolutions is provided under weak assumptions on the sequence $(C,T)$. This\nsolves problems posed by Fill and Janson \\cite{FJ2000} and Aldous and\nBandyopadhyay \\cite{AB2005}. Our results include precise characterizations of\nthe sets of solutions to large classes of stochastic fixed-point equations that\nappear in the asymptotic analysis of divide-and-conquer algorithms, for\ninstance the \\texttt{Quicksort} equation.\n" }, { "id": "f24c81ae-5579-4a50-9bb8-66b6f490b0c3", "adv_source_id": "f24c81ae-5579-4a50-9bb8-66b6f490b0c3", "source_id": "f24c81ae-5579-4a50-9bb8-66b6f490b0c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lagrangean stability of slow dynamos in compact 3D Riemannian manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " Modifications on a recently introduced fast dynamo operator by Chiconne et al\n[Comm Math Phys 173, 379 (1995)] in compact 3D Riemannian manifolds allows us\nto shown that slow dynamos are Lagrangean stable, in the sense that the\nsectional curvature of the Riemann manifold vanishes. The stability of the\nholonomic filament in this manifold will depend upon the sign of the second\nderivative of the pressure along the filament and in the non-holonomic case, to\nthe normal pressure of the filament. Lagrangean instability is also\ninvestigated in this case and again an dynamo operator can be defined in this\ncase. Negative curvature (Anosov flows) dynamos are also discussed in their\nstability aspects.\n" }, { "id": "1fb193a0-e48f-455f-a34c-7175e33c20f8", "adv_source_id": "1fb193a0-e48f-455f-a34c-7175e33c20f8", "source_id": "1fb193a0-e48f-455f-a34c-7175e33c20f8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coherent Excitation of Rydberg Atoms in Thermal Vapor Microcells", "prompt": null, "generation": " The coherent control of mesoscopic ensembles of atoms and Rydberg atom\nblockade are the basis for proposed quantum devices such as integrable gates\nand single photon sources. So far, experimental progress has been limited to\ncomplex experimental setups that use ultracold atoms. Here, we show that\ncoherence times of ~100ns are achievable with coherent Rydberg atom\nspectroscopy in um sized thermal vapor cells. We investigated states with\nprinciple quantum numbers between 30 and 50. Our results demonstrate that\nmicrocells with a size on the order of the blockade radius, ~2um, at\ntemperatures of 100-300C are robust, promising candidates to investigate low\ndimensional strongly interacting Rydberg gases, construct quantum gates and\nbuild single photon sources.\n" }, { "id": "c0a5a8e2-b1e9-46ae-ae3b-b28f4a92d668", "adv_source_id": "c0a5a8e2-b1e9-46ae-ae3b-b28f4a92d668", "source_id": "c0a5a8e2-b1e9-46ae-ae3b-b28f4a92d668", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Vacuum Stability Constraints on the Enhancement of the Higgs to Diphoton\n Rate in the MSSM", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ATLAS and CMS collaborations discovered a new boson particle. If the new\nboson is the Higgs boson, the diphoton signal strength is 1.5 - 1.8 times\nlarger than the Standard Model (SM) prediction, while the WW and ZZ signal\nstrengths are in agreement with the SM one. In the Minimal Supersymmetric\nStandard Model (MSSM), overall consistency can be achieved by a light stau and\nthe large left-right mixing of staus. However, a light stau and large\nleft-right mixing of staus may suffer from vacuum instability. We first apply\nthe vacuum meta-stability condition to the Higgs to diphoton decay rate in the\nMSSM. We show that the vacuum meta-stablity severely constrains the enhancement\nto the Higgs to diphoton rate. For example, when the lighter stau mass is 100\nGeV, the upper bound on the enhancement to the Higgs to diphoton rate becomes\n25%.\n" }, { "id": "f5e3ce0c-67dc-4bf0-8a0f-1abf66973928", "adv_source_id": "f5e3ce0c-67dc-4bf0-8a0f-1abf66973928", "source_id": "f5e3ce0c-67dc-4bf0-8a0f-1abf66973928", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Derivation of effective field theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " A general self-consistency approach allows a thorough treatment of the\ncorrections to the mean-field approximation (MFA). The natural extension of\nstandard MFA with the help of a cumulant expansion leads to a new point of view\non the effective field theories. The proposed approach can be used for a\nsystematic treatment of fluctuation effects of various length scales and,\nperhaps, for the development of a new coarse graining procedure. We outline and\njustify our method by some preliminary calculations. Results are given for the\ncritical temperature and the Landau parameters of the $\\phi^4$-theory -- the\nfield counterpart of the Ising model. An important unresolved problem of the\nmodern theory of phase transitions -- the problem for the calculation of the\ntrue critical temperature, is considered within the framework of the present\napproach. A comprehensive description of the ground state properties of\nmany-body systems is also demonstrated.\n" }, { "id": "1c611e0c-0f5f-4626-8ed6-7651a8d8977d", "adv_source_id": "1c611e0c-0f5f-4626-8ed6-7651a8d8977d", "source_id": "1c611e0c-0f5f-4626-8ed6-7651a8d8977d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Horizontal Branch Stars and the Ultraviolet Universe", "prompt": null, "generation": " Extremely hot horizontal branch (HB) stars and their progeny are widely\nconsidered to be responsible for the \"ultraviolet upturn\" (or UVX) phenomenon\nobserved in elliptical galaxies and the bulges of spirals. Yet, the precise\nevolutionary channels that lead to the production of these stars remain the\nsource of much debate. In this review, we discuss two key physical ingredients\nthat are required in order for reliable quantitative models of the UV output of\nstellar populations to be computed, namely, the mass loss rates of red giant\nbranch stars and the helium enrichment \"law\" at high metallicities. In\nparticular, the recent evidence pointing towards a strong enhancement in the\nabundances of the alpha-elements in the Galactic bulge (compared to the disk),\nand also the available indications of a similar overabundance in (massive)\nelliptical galaxies, strongly suggest that the helium abundance Y may be higher\nin ellipticals and bulges than it is in spiral disks by an amount that may\nreach up to 0.15 at [Fe/H] ~ +0.5. If so, this would strongly favor the\nproduction of hot HB stars at high metallicity in galactic spheroids. We also\ndiscuss the existence of mass loss recipes beyond the commonly adopted Reimers\n\"law\" that are not only more consistent with the available empirical data, but\nalso much more favorable to the production of extended HB stars at high\nmetallicity. Finally, we discuss new empirical evidence that suggests that\ndifferent evolutionary channels may be responsible for the production of EHB\nstars in the field and in clusters.\n" }, { "id": "0ee8e870-ad1d-4184-9072-bc760a92ef44", "adv_source_id": "0ee8e870-ad1d-4184-9072-bc760a92ef44", "source_id": "0ee8e870-ad1d-4184-9072-bc760a92ef44", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Magnetic-Order Induced Spectral-Weight Redistribution in a Triangular\n Surface System", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Sn-induced $\\sqrt3 \\times \\sqrt3$ surface reconstruction on Si(111) has\nbeen investigated by material-specific many-body calculations and by\nangle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). This triangular surface\nsystem in the low adatom coverage regime is governed by rather localized\ndangling bond orbitals with enhanced electronic correlations and it is prone to\nexhibit magnetic frustration. We find a rather good overall agreement of the\nspectral function and its temperature-dependence between theory and experiment.\nChanges in the ARPES band topology in comparison to the density functional\ncalculations can be explained as a spectral weight redistribution with respect\nto an additional symmetry which is not due to any geometrical change. This new\nsymmetry corresponds to a magnetic order, which is found to be more complex\nthan the canonical $120^{\\circ}$ anti-ferromagnetic order on a triangular\nlattice with nearest-neighbor coupling only.\n" }, { "id": "81f0a7a4-3cd6-4285-a1fa-aab0efe59e28", "adv_source_id": "81f0a7a4-3cd6-4285-a1fa-aab0efe59e28", "source_id": "81f0a7a4-3cd6-4285-a1fa-aab0efe59e28", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Role of Polaron Pair Diffusion and Surface Losses in Organic\n Semiconductor Devices", "prompt": null, "generation": " By applying Monte Carlo simulations we found that the extraction of bound\npolaron pairs (PP) at the electrodes is an important loss factor limiting the\nefficiency of organic optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Based upon this\nfinding, we developed a unified analytic model consisting of exact Onsager\ntheory, describing the dissociation of PP in organic donor-acceptor\nheterojunctions, the Sokel-Hughes model for the extraction of free polarons at\nthe electrodes, as well as of PP diffusion leading to the aforementioned loss\nmechanism, which was not considered previously. Our approach allows to describe\nthe simulation details on a macroscopic scale and to gain fundamental insights,\nwhich is important in view of developing an optimized photovoltaic device\nconfiguration.\n" }, { "id": "cb19e73f-10bb-40d2-a126-327b8876b34b", "adv_source_id": "cb19e73f-10bb-40d2-a126-327b8876b34b", "source_id": "cb19e73f-10bb-40d2-a126-327b8876b34b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Effective environments: Preparation of stationary states with inverse\n temperature ranging from positive to negative values", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we discuss how effective environments incorporating periodic\nmeasurements can be used to prepare a two-level system (TLS) in almost\narbitrary thermal states: Concretely, we study a TLS coupled to a spin\nenvironment, the magnetization of which is measured periodically. In ensemble\naverage these measurements cause a relaxation of the TLS into a thermal\n(diagonal) state. By adjusting the time between the measurements and the\ndetuning of the environmental spins, the creation of very low temperatures as\nwell as inversion becomes possible. Our analytical results derived for large\nenvironments are numerically shown to be valid even for quite small\nenvironments, down to only a few spins.\n" }, { "id": "98903fdb-9847-4733-831c-7d8f7715a3af", "adv_source_id": "98903fdb-9847-4733-831c-7d8f7715a3af", "source_id": "98903fdb-9847-4733-831c-7d8f7715a3af", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Randomized Wilson loops, reduced models and the large D expansion", "prompt": null, "generation": " Reduced models are matrix integrals believed to be related to the large N\nlimit of gauge theories. These integrals are known to simplify further when the\nnumber of matrices D (corresponding to the number of space-time dimensions in\nthe gauge theory) becomes large. Even though this limit appears to be of little\nuse for computing the standard rectangular Wilson loop (which always singles\nout two directions out of D), a meaningful large D limit can be defined for a\nrandomized Wilson loop (in which all D directions contribute equally). In this\narticle, a proof-of-concept demonstration of this approach is given for the\nsimplest reduced model (the original Eguchi-Kawai model) and the simplest\nrandomization of the Wilson loop (Brownian sum over random walks). The\nresulting averaged Wilson loop displays a scale behavior strongly reminiscent\nof the area law.\n" }, { "id": "e0356102-9365-4ce3-9817-972c11c871ab", "adv_source_id": "e0356102-9365-4ce3-9817-972c11c871ab", "source_id": "e0356102-9365-4ce3-9817-972c11c871ab", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Existence of simultaneous route and departure choice dynamic user\n equilibrium", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper is concerned with the existence of the simultaneous\nroute-and-departure choice dynamic user equilibrium (SRDC-DUE) in continuous\ntime, first formulated as an infinite-dimensional variational inequality in\nFriesz et al. (1993). In deriving our existence result, we employ the\ngeneralized Vickrey model (GVM) introduced in and to formulate the underlying\nnetwork loading problem. As we explain, the GVM corresponds to a path delay\noperator that is provably strongly continuous on the Hilbert space of interest.\nFinally, we provide the desired SRDC-DUE existence result for general\nconstraints relating path flows to a table of fixed trip volumes without\ninvocation of a priori bounds on the path flows.\n" }, { "id": "d55faf94-d7cd-416b-9a6f-05295a1a1bc9", "adv_source_id": "d55faf94-d7cd-416b-9a6f-05295a1a1bc9", "source_id": "d55faf94-d7cd-416b-9a6f-05295a1a1bc9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global monopole surrounded by quintessence-like matter", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present new static spherically-symmetric solutions of Einstein equations\nwith the quintessence-like matter surrounding a global monopole. These new\nsolutions of the coupling scalar-Einstein equations are more complicated, which\ndepend on the parameter of equation of state $-1 < w_{q} <-{1/3}$. A\ngravitating global monopole produces a gravitational field of de Sitter kind\noutside the core in addition to a solid angular deficit. In the $w_{q} =\n-{1/3}$ case, we have proved that the solution cannot exist since the density\nof quintessence-like tends to zero if $w_{q} \\to -{1/3}$. As a new feature,\nthese monopoles have the outer horizon depending on both Goldstone field and\nquintessence-like. Since current observations constrain $-1.14 < w_{q} <\n-0.93$, new global monopoles have interesting astrophysical applications.\n" }, { "id": "eb4dbf4f-8142-44d5-b01e-64ef80d11f3a", "adv_source_id": "eb4dbf4f-8142-44d5-b01e-64ef80d11f3a", "source_id": "eb4dbf4f-8142-44d5-b01e-64ef80d11f3a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Gr\\\"{o}bner basis for Kazhdan-Lusztig ideals", "prompt": null, "generation": " Kazhdan-Lusztig ideals, a family of generalized determinantal ideals\ninvestigated in [Woo-Yong '08], provide an explicit choice of coordinates and\nequations encoding a neighbourhood of a torus-fixed point of a Schubert variety\non a type A flag variety. Our main result is a Grobner basis for these ideals.\nThis provides a single geometric setting to transparently explain the\nnaturality of pipe dreams on the Rothe diagram of a permutation, and their\nappearance in:\n * combinatorial formulas [Fomin-Kirillov '94] for Schubert and Grothendieck\npolynomials of [Lascoux-Schutzenberger '82];\n * the equivariant K-theory specialization formula of [Buch-Rimanyi '04]; and\n * a positive combinatorial formula for multiplicities of Schubert varieties\nin good cases, including those for which the associated Kazhdan-Lusztig ideal\nis homogeneous under the standard grading.\n Our results generalize (with alternate proofs) [Knutson-Miller '05]'s Grobner\nbasis theorem for Schubert determinantal ideals and their geometric\ninterpretation of the monomial positivity of Schubert polynomials. We also\ncomplement recent work of [Knutson '08,'09] on degenerations of Kazhdan-Lusztig\nvarieties in general Lie type, as well as work of [Goldin '01] on equivariant\nlocalization and of [Lakshmibai-Weyman '90], [Rosenthal-Zelevinsky '01], and\n[Krattenthaler '01] on Grassmannian multiplicity formulas.\n" }, { "id": "e39993f2-4f93-48b9-b272-c7b3b0373201", "adv_source_id": "e39993f2-4f93-48b9-b272-c7b3b0373201", "source_id": "e39993f2-4f93-48b9-b272-c7b3b0373201", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Image Super-resolution", "prompt": null, "generation": " Super-resolution methods form high-resolution images from low-resolution\nimages. In this paper, we develop a new Bayesian nonparametric model for\nsuper-resolution. Our method uses a beta-Bernoulli process to learn a set of\nrecurring visual patterns, called dictionary elements, from the data. Because\nit is nonparametric, the number of elements found is also determined from the\ndata. We test the results on both benchmark and natural images, comparing with\nseveral other models from the research literature. We perform large-scale human\nevaluation experiments to assess the visual quality of the results. In a first\nimplementation, we use Gibbs sampling to approximate the posterior. However,\nthis algorithm is not feasible for large-scale data. To circumvent this, we\nthen develop an online variational Bayes (VB) algorithm. This algorithm finds\nhigh quality dictionaries in a fraction of the time needed by the Gibbs\nsampler.\n" }, { "id": "e7f443c5-18bc-4cdb-9599-c452808e7576", "adv_source_id": "e7f443c5-18bc-4cdb-9599-c452808e7576", "source_id": "e7f443c5-18bc-4cdb-9599-c452808e7576", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Thickness-dependent spontaneous dewetting morphology of ultrathin Ag\n films", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show here that the morphological pathway of spontaneous dewetting of\nultrathin Ag films on SiO2 under nanosecond laser melting is found to be film\nthickness dependent. For films with thickness h between 2 <= h <= 9.5 nm, the\nmorphology during the intermediate stages of dewetting consisted of\nbicontinuous structures. For films 11.5 <= h <= 20 nm, the intermediate stages\nconsisted of regularly-sized holes. Measurement of the characteristic length\nscales for different stages of dewetting as a function of film thickness showed\na systematic increase, which is consistent with the spinodal dewetting\ninstability over the entire thickness range investigated. This change in\nmorphology with thickness is consistent with observations made previously for\npolymer films [A. Sharma et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., v81, pp3463 (1998); R.\nSeemann et al, J. Phys. Cond. Matt., v13, pp4925, (2001)]. Based on the\nbehavior of free energy curvature that incorporates intermolecular forces, we\nhave estimated the morphological transition thickness for the intermolecular\nforces for Ag on SiO2 . The theory predictions agree well with observations for\nAg. These results show that it is possible to form a variety of complex Ag\nnanomorphologies in a consistent manner, which could be useful in optical\napplications of Ag surfaces, such as in surface enhanced Raman sensing.\n" }, { "id": "6bb80b48-e170-484e-874e-f95d76abe2cc", "adv_source_id": "6bb80b48-e170-484e-874e-f95d76abe2cc", "source_id": "6bb80b48-e170-484e-874e-f95d76abe2cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Stellar Population Gradients in Bulges along the Hubble Sequence: I. The\n Data", "prompt": null, "generation": " This is the first paper presenting our long-term project aimed at studying\nthe nature of bulges through the analysis of their stellar population\ngradients. We present deep spectroscopic observations along the minor axis and\nthe data reduction for a sample of 32 bulges of edge-on spiral galaxies. We\nexplain in detail our procedures to measure their dynamical parameters\n(rotation curves and velocity dispersion profiles) and line-strength indices,\nincluding the conversion to the Lick/IDS system. Tables giving the values of\nthe dynamical parameters and line-strength indices at each galactocentric\nradius are presented (in electronic form) for each galaxy of the sample. The\nderived line-strength gradients from this dataset will be analyzed in a\nforthcoming paper to set constraints on the different scenarios for the\nformation of the bulges.\n" }, { "id": "16803301-3b46-42ca-8843-163657680729", "adv_source_id": "16803301-3b46-42ca-8843-163657680729", "source_id": "16803301-3b46-42ca-8843-163657680729", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitational fields as generalized string models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that Einstein's main equations for stationary axisymmetric fields in\nvacuum are equivalent to the motion equations for bosonic strings moving on a\nspecial nonflat background. This new representation is based on the analysis of\ngeneralized harmonic maps in which the metric of the target space explicitly\ndepends on the parametrization of the base space. It is shown that this\nrepresentation is valid for any gravitational field which possesses two\ncommuting Killing vector fields. We introduce the concept of dimensional\nextension which allows us to consider this type of gravitational fields as\nstrings embedded in D-dimensional nonflat backgrounds, even in the limiting\ncase where the Killing vector fields are hypersurface orthogonal.\n" }, { "id": "73f8b3ad-503f-472c-a52d-55f7eb8794f1", "adv_source_id": "73f8b3ad-503f-472c-a52d-55f7eb8794f1", "source_id": "73f8b3ad-503f-472c-a52d-55f7eb8794f1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Fe I 1564.8 nm line and the distribution of solar magnetic fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " The distribution of magnetic field strength at different levels in the solar\nphotosphere outside active regions was obtained on the basis of the 2D MHD\nsimulation of magnetogranulation and the synthesis of the V profiles of the Fe\nI 1564.8 nm line. The shape of the distribution varies essentially with depth\nin the photosphere. The distribution maximum lies about at 25 mT, but it is\nfound near 35 mT when the spatial averaging of profiles (about 0.5\") is taken\ninto account. Our analysis reveals that the use of the Fe I 1564.8 nm line for\ndetermination of field strength from V profile splitting is the most efficient\nand reliable means of measuring fields above 50 mT. The field strength\ndistribution obtained with the 1564.8 nm line in the fields above 50 mT can\nserve as a standard for testing other techniques and spectral lines. The\nanalysis of the synthesized Fe I 630.2 nm line profiles supports the conclusion\nthat this line is less suitable for studying field strength distributions\nbecause of its weak magnetic sensitivity to fields below 120 mT. The derived\nmagnetic field distributions as well as the distributions of asymmetry\nparameters and V profile zero-crossings are in good agreement with IR\npolarimetry data. They convincingly confirm the assumption that the structure\nand strength of photospheric magnetic fields of mixed polarity have continuous\nspectra down to scales considerably smaller than the resolution threshold. They\nalso suggest that the structure and the scales of magnetic fields are closely\nrelated to the granulation structure.\n" }, { "id": "c0a9aa63-6ff3-4b11-9b5c-739a85828404", "adv_source_id": "c0a9aa63-6ff3-4b11-9b5c-739a85828404", "source_id": "c0a9aa63-6ff3-4b11-9b5c-739a85828404", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A spectrograph instrument concept for the Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS)\n on Subaru Telescope", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe the conceptual design of the spectrograph opto-mechanical concept\nfor the SuMIRe Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) being developed for the SUBARU\ntelescope. The SuMIRe PFS will consist of four identical spectrographs, each\nreceiving 600 fibers from a 2400 fiber robotic positioner at the prime focus.\nEach spectrograph will have three channels covering in total, a wavelength\nrange from 380 nm to 1300 nm. The requirements for the instrument are\nsummarized in Section 1. We present the optical design and the optical\nperformance and analysis in Section 2. Section 3 introduces the mechanical\ndesign, its requirements and the proposed concepts. Finally, the AIT phases for\nthe Spectrograph System are described in Section 5.\n" }, { "id": "28fc2b92-2315-45d9-b843-f2b0eb91c424", "adv_source_id": "28fc2b92-2315-45d9-b843-f2b0eb91c424", "source_id": "28fc2b92-2315-45d9-b843-f2b0eb91c424", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Backbone and Sidechain Ordering in a small Protein", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the relation between backbone and side-chain ordering in a\nsmall protein. For this purpos e we have performed multicanonical simulations\nof the villin headpiece subdomain HP-36, an often used to y model in protein\nstudies. Concepts of circular statistics are introduced to analyze side-chain\nfluctuations. In contrast to earlier studies on homopolypeptides (Wei et al.,\nJ. Phys. Chem. B, 111 (2007) 4244) we do not find collective effects leading to\na separate transition. Rather, side-chain ordering is spread over a wide\ntemperature range. Our results indicate a thermal hierarchy of ordering events,\nwith side-chain ordering appearing at temperatures below the helix-coil\ntransition but above the folding transition. We conjecture that this thermal\nhierarchy reflects an underlying temporal order, and that side-chain ordering\nfacilitates the search for the correct backbone topology.\n" }, { "id": "9fc9a2e2-32ef-4da0-9839-45eccf89fe8b", "adv_source_id": "9fc9a2e2-32ef-4da0-9839-45eccf89fe8b", "source_id": "9fc9a2e2-32ef-4da0-9839-45eccf89fe8b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Some Algebraic Geometry Aspects of Gravitational Theories with Covariant\n and Contravariant Connections and Metrics (GTCCCM) and Possible Applications\n to Theories with Extra Dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " On the base of the distinction between covariant and contravariant metric\ntensor components, an approach from algebraic geometry will be proposed, aimed\nat finding new solutions of the Einstein's equations both in GTCCCM and in\nstandard gravity theory, if these equations are treated as algebraic equations.\nAs a partial case, some physical applications of the approach have been\nconsidered in reference to theories with extra dimensions. The s.c. \"length\nfunction\" l(x) has been introduced and has been found as a solution of\nquasilinear differential equations in partial derivatives for two different\ncases, corresponding to \"compactification + rescaling\" and \"rescaling +\ncompactification\" of the type I low-energy string theory action. New (although\ncomplicated) relations between the parameters in the action have been found,\nvalid also for the standard approach in theories with extra dimensions.\n" }, { "id": "2710049f-d59b-47db-9828-5ede6126424f", "adv_source_id": "2710049f-d59b-47db-9828-5ede6126424f", "source_id": "2710049f-d59b-47db-9828-5ede6126424f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Realism violates quantum mechanics", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently, [{arXiv:0810.3134}] is accepted and published. We show that local\nrealistic theories violate separability of $N$-qubit quantum states by a factor\nof $3^N$. Thus we have a violation factor of 3 when N=1. Realistic theories\nviolate a proposition of a single qubit (a state with two-dimensional space)\nsystem, the Bloch sphere machinery of quantum mechanics. Our method uses the\nratio of each of the scalar products. The maximal possible value of the scalar\nproduct in local realistic theories grows exponentially larger than one in\n$N$-qubit separable states when the number of qubits increases. We find the\nviolation factor $3^N$ when the measurement setup is entire range of settings\nfor each of the local observers.\n" }, { "id": "4be3656d-9660-48d4-8047-35960e8fd3f4", "adv_source_id": "4be3656d-9660-48d4-8047-35960e8fd3f4", "source_id": "4be3656d-9660-48d4-8047-35960e8fd3f4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Enriched Phenomenology in Extended Palatini Theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " We show that extended theories of gravity with Lagrangian\nf(R,R_{\\mu\\nu}R^{\\mu\\nu}) in the Palatini formulation possess a phenomenology\nmuch richer than the simpler f(R) or f(R_{\\mu\\nu}R^{\\mu\\nu}) theories. In fact,\nwe find that the scalars R and Q=R_{\\mu\\nu}R^{\\mu\\nu} can be written as\nalgebraic functions of the energy density and pressure of the energy momentum\ntensor. In the simpler cases of f(R) or f(R_{\\mu\\nu}R^{\\mu\\nu}) theories, R and\nQ are just functions of the trace T of the energy-momentum tensor. As a result,\nin radiation dominated universes f(R) and f(R_{\\mu\\nu}R^{\\mu\\nu}) theories\nexhibit the same dynamics as general relativity with an effective cosmological\nconstant. This is not the case of f(R,R_{\\mu\\nu}R^{\\mu\\nu}) models, in which\nR=R(\\rho,P) and Q=Q(\\rho,P) and, therefore, modified dynamics exists even for\ntraceless sources.\n" }, { "id": "5bd5006f-1cd6-4fd1-a99d-daa5e428c3e4", "adv_source_id": "5bd5006f-1cd6-4fd1-a99d-daa5e428c3e4", "source_id": "5bd5006f-1cd6-4fd1-a99d-daa5e428c3e4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the prediction of shrinkage defects by thermal criterion functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The indirect prediction of shrinkage induced solidification defects is\nconsidered in this study. The previously suggested criterion function methods,\nin particular the Pellini and Niyama criteria are analyzed in details, and\ntheir shortcomings are shown as a result of our analysis (e.g. the\nscale/shape-dependency of critical values and the inability to distinguish\nbetween cold- and hot-spots). To moderate limitations related to criterion\nfunction methods, a new method is introduced to predict the location of\ncenterline shrinkage in metal castings. Unlike the alternative methods which\nare derived more empirically based on the result of experimental observations,\nthe suggested method in this study is derived theoretically based on a\nheuristic two-scale, macro-meso-scale, approach. The application of the\nsuggested method is limited to low freezing range alloys. The feasibility of\nthe presented method is studied by comparing numerical results against the\navailable experimental data.\n" }, { "id": "c11f5ecf-0bb6-4a56-8122-d3c1ec7e47c9", "adv_source_id": "c11f5ecf-0bb6-4a56-8122-d3c1ec7e47c9", "source_id": "c11f5ecf-0bb6-4a56-8122-d3c1ec7e47c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantum BCOV theory on Calabi-Yau manifolds and the higher genus B-model", "prompt": null, "generation": " Bershadsky-Cecotti-Ooguri-Vafa (BCOV) proposed that the B-model of mirror\nsymmetry should be described by a quantum field theory on a Calabi-Yau variety,\nwhich they called the Kodaira-Spenser theory (we call it the BCOV theory). This\nis the first of three papers in which we construct and analyze the quantum BCOV\ntheory. In this paper, we construct the classical field theory on a Calabi-Yau\nvariety of arbitrary dimension; define what it means to give a quantization;\nanalyze the relation Givental's symplectic formalism for Gromov-Witten theory;\nprove uniqueness of the quantization on an elliptic curve; and prove the\nVirasoro constraints on an elliptic curve. The second paper (arXiv:1112.4063)\nproves that the partition function of the quantum BCOV theory on the elliptic\ncurve is equivalent to the Gromov-Witten theory of the mirror elliptic curve.\nThe third paper, in progress, constructs the quantum BCOV theory on a general\nCalabi-Yau.\n" }, { "id": "efce7d24-e586-4dd0-b051-3eb5cb9733f3", "adv_source_id": "efce7d24-e586-4dd0-b051-3eb5cb9733f3", "source_id": "efce7d24-e586-4dd0-b051-3eb5cb9733f3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "How Close Are We To Detecting Earth-like Planets in the Habitable Zone\n Using the Radial Velocity Technique?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Discovering an Earth-like exoplanet in habitable zone is an important\nmilestone for astronomers in search of extra-terrestrial life. While the radial\nvelocity (RV) technique remains one the most powerful tools in detecting and\ncharacterizing exo-planetary sys- tems, we calculate the uncertainties in\nprecision RV measurements considering stellar spectral quality factors, RV\ncalibration sources, stellar noise and telluric contamination in different\nobservational bandpasses and for different spectral types. We predict the\noptimal observational bandpass for different spectral types using the RV\ntechnique un- der a variety of conditions. We compare the RV signal of an\nEarth-like planet in the habitable zone (HZ) to the near future state of the\nart RV precision and attempt to answer the question: How close are we to\ndetecting Earth-like planet in the HZ using the RV technique?\n" }, { "id": "ea6f8f61-b12c-4a37-8481-3fca82ba1258", "adv_source_id": "ea6f8f61-b12c-4a37-8481-3fca82ba1258", "source_id": "ea6f8f61-b12c-4a37-8481-3fca82ba1258", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Estimation and Registration on Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " A statistical framework is introduced for a broad class of problems involving\nsynchronization or registration of data across a sensor network in the presence\nof noise. This framework enables an estimation-theoretic approach to the design\nand characterization of synchronization algorithms. The Fisher information is\nexpressed in terms of the distribution of the measurement noise and standard\nmathematical descriptors of the network's graph structure for several important\ncases. This leads to maximum likelihood and approximate maximum-likelihood\nregistration algorithms and also to distributed iterative algorithms that, when\nthey converge, attain statistically optimal solutions. The relationship between\noptimal estimation in this setting and Kirchhoff's laws is also elucidated.\n" }, { "id": "0f52472e-8fa5-4884-be12-4e83691a1231", "adv_source_id": "0f52472e-8fa5-4884-be12-4e83691a1231", "source_id": "0f52472e-8fa5-4884-be12-4e83691a1231", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Strong relative property $(T)$ and spectral gap of random walks", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider strong relative property $(T)$ for pairs $(\\Ga, G)$ where $\\Ga$\nacts on $G$. If $N$ is a connected Lie group and $\\Ga$ is a group of\nautomorphisms of $N$, we choose a finite index subgroup $\\Ga ^0$ of $\\Ga$ and\nobtain that $(\\Ga, [\\Ga ^0, N])$ has strong relative property $(T)$ provided\nZariski-closure of $\\Ga$ has no compact factor of positive dimension. We apply\nthis to obtain the following: $G$ is a connected Lie group with solvable\nradical $R$ and a semisimple Levi subgroup $S$. If $S_{nc}$ denotes the product\nof noncompact simple factors of $S$ and $S_T$ denotes the product of simple\nfactors in $S_{nc}$ that have property $(T)$, then we show that $(\\Ga, R)$ has\nstrong relative property $(T)$ for a Zariski-dense closed subgroup of $S_{nc}$\nif and only if $R=[S_{nc},R]$. The case when $N$ is a vector group is discussed\nseparately and some interesting results are proved. We also considered actions\non solenoids $K$ and proved that if $\\Ga$ acts on a solenoid $K$, then $(\\Ga,\nK)$ has strong relative property $(T)$ under certain conditions on $\\Ga$. For\nactions on solenoids we provided some alternatives in terms of amenability and\nstrong relative property $(T)$. We also provide some applications to the\nspectral gap of $\\pi (\\mu)=\\int \\pi (g) d\\mu (g)$ where $\\pi$ is a certain\nunitary representation and $\\mu$ is a probability measure.\n" }, { "id": "78d42a03-a45a-4f7d-bada-41639aa742c5", "adv_source_id": "78d42a03-a45a-4f7d-bada-41639aa742c5", "source_id": "78d42a03-a45a-4f7d-bada-41639aa742c5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the variations of acoustic absorption peak with flow velocity in\n Micro-Perforated Panels at high level of excitation", "prompt": null, "generation": " The acoustic behavior of micro-perforated panels (MPP) is studied\ntheoretically and experimentally at high level of pressure excitation. A model\nbased on Forcheimer's regime of flow velocity in the perforations is proposed.\nThis model is valid at relatively high Reynolds numbers and low Mach numbers.\nThe experimental method consists in measuring the acoustical pressure at three\ndifferent positions in an impedance tube, the two measurement positions usually\nconsidered in an impedance tube and one measurement in the vicinity of the rear\nsurface of the MPP. The impedance tube is equipped with a pressure driver\ninstead of the usual loudspeaker and capable of delivering a high sound\npressure level up to 160 dB. Several MPP specimens made out of steel and\npolypropylene were tested. Measurements using random noise or sinusoidal\nexcitation in a frequency range between 200 and 1600 Hz were carried out on\nMPPs backed by air cavities. It was observed that the maximum of absorption can\nbe a positive or a negative function of the flow velocity in the perforations.\nThis suggests the existence of a maximum of absorption as a function of flow\nvelocity. This behavior was predicted by the model and confirmed\nexperimentally.\n" }, { "id": "2a2c6263-5375-40bb-b244-fa85bc15b441", "adv_source_id": "2a2c6263-5375-40bb-b244-fa85bc15b441", "source_id": "2a2c6263-5375-40bb-b244-fa85bc15b441", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Eigenmode description of Raman scattering in atomic vapors in the\n presence of decoherence", "prompt": null, "generation": " A theoretical model describing the Raman scattering process in atomic vapors\nis constructed. The treatment investigates the low-excitation regime suitable\nfor modern experimental applications. Despite the incorporated decoherence\neffects (possibly mode dependent) it allows for a direct separation of the time\nevolution from the spatial degrees of freedom. The impact of noise on the\ntemporal properties of the process is examined. The model is applied in two\nexperimentally relevant situations of ultra-cold and room-temperature atoms.\nThe spatial eigenmodes of the Stokes photons and their coupling to atomic\nexcitations are computed. Similarly, dynamics and the waveform of the\ncollective atomic state are derived for quantum memory implementations.\n" }, { "id": "1ba623ad-cdd9-487d-bca9-7c22bd3e9483", "adv_source_id": "1ba623ad-cdd9-487d-bca9-7c22bd3e9483", "source_id": "1ba623ad-cdd9-487d-bca9-7c22bd3e9483", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "2D-4D Correspondence: Towers of Kinks versus Towers of Monopoles in N=2\n Theories", "prompt": null, "generation": " We continue to study the BPS spectrum of the N=(2,2) CP(N-1) model with the\nZ_N-symmetric twisted mass terms. We focus on analysis of the \"extra\" towers\nfound previously in [1], and compare them to the states that can be identified\nin the quasiclassical domain. Exact analysis of the strong-coupling states\nshows that not all of them survive when passing to the weak-coupling domain.\nSome of the states decay on the curves of the marginal stability (CMS). Thus,\nnot all strong-coupling states can be analytically continued to weak coupling\nto match the observable bound states.\n At weak coupling, we confirm the existence of bound states of\ntopologically-charged kinks and elementary quanta. Quantization of the U(1)\nkink modulus leads to formation of towers of such states. For the Z_N-symmetric\ntwisted masses their number is by far less than N-1 as was conjectured\npreviously. We investigate the quasiclassical limit and show that out of N\npossible towers only two survive in the spectrum for odd N, and a single tower\nfor even N. In the case of CP^2 theory the related CMS are discussed in detail.\nIn these points we overlap and completely agree with the results of Dorey and\nPetunin. We also comment on 2D-4D correspondence.\n" }, { "id": "85f16e3f-77a0-4058-91e8-2514607ee615", "adv_source_id": "85f16e3f-77a0-4058-91e8-2514607ee615", "source_id": "85f16e3f-77a0-4058-91e8-2514607ee615", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Random polarizations", "prompt": null, "generation": " We derive conditions under which random sequences of polarizations (two-point\nsymmetrizations) converge almost surely to the symmetric decreasing\nrearrangement. The parameters for the polarizations are independent random\nvariables whose distributions need not be uniform. The proof of convergence\nhinges on an estimate for the expected distance from the limit that also yields\na bound on the rate of convergence. In the special case of i.i.d. sequences, we\nobtain almost sure convergence even for polarizations chosen at random from\nsuitable small sets. As corollaries, we find bounds on the rate of convergence\nof Steiner symmetrizations that require no convexity assumptions, and show that\nfull rotational symmetry can be achieved by randomly alternating Steiner\nsymmetrization in a finite number of directions that satisfy an explicit\nnon-degeneracy condition. We also present some negative results on the rate of\nconvergence and give examples where convergence fails.\n" }, { "id": "b70c2aee-f821-4600-bcc2-7c5893bc87be", "adv_source_id": "b70c2aee-f821-4600-bcc2-7c5893bc87be", "source_id": "b70c2aee-f821-4600-bcc2-7c5893bc87be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Low-Metallicity Star Formation : Prestellar Collapse and Protostellar\n Accretion in the Spherical Symmetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " The collapse of dense cores with different metallicities is studied by\nhydrodynamical calculations coupled with detailed chemical and radiative\nprocesses. For this purpose, we construct a simple chemical network with\nnon-equilibrium reactions among 15 chemical species, which reproduces the\nabundance of important molecular coolants by more detailed network very well.\nThe evolution is followed until the formation of a hydrostatic protostar at the\ncenter. In a lower-metallicity gas cloud, the temperature during the collapse\nremains high owing to less efficient cooling. Using the temperature evolution\nat the center as a function the density, we discuss the possibility of\nfragmentation during the dust-cooling phase. The critical metallicity for the\nfragmentation is 10^{-5}Z_sun assuming moderate elongation of the cloud cores\nat the onset of this phase. From the density and velocity distributions at the\ntime of protostar formation, we evaluate the mass accretion rate in the\nsubsequent accretion phase. Using these accretion rates, we also calculate the\nevolution of the protostars under the assumption of stationary accretion flow.\nFinally, we discuss possible suppression of fragmentation by heating of the\nambient gas by protostellar radiation, which is considered important in the\ncontemporary star formation. We argue that it is negligible for <10^{-2}Zsun.\n" }, { "id": "ce34506e-4ca1-49c8-8937-e447db18a9ad", "adv_source_id": "ce34506e-4ca1-49c8-8937-e447db18a9ad", "source_id": "ce34506e-4ca1-49c8-8937-e447db18a9ad", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A General Search for New Phenomena in e-p Scattering at HERA", "prompt": null, "generation": " A model-independent search for deviations from the Standard Model prediction\nis performed in e-p collisions at HERA II using H1 data recorded during the\nyears 2005 and 2006, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 159 inv.pb.\nAll event topologies involving isolated electrons, photons, muons, neutrinos\nand jets with high transverse momenta are investigated in a single analysis.\nEvents are assigned to exclusive classes according to their final state. A\nstatistical algorithm is used to search for deviations from the Standard Model\nin the distributions of the scalar sum of transverse momenta or invariant mass\nof final state particles and to quantify their significance. A good agreement\nwith the Standard Model prediction is observed in most of the event classes. No\nsignificant deviation is found in the phase-space and event topologies covered\nby this analysis.\n" }, { "id": "25a1b597-50bd-461e-b30a-ba207a99bb30", "adv_source_id": "25a1b597-50bd-461e-b30a-ba207a99bb30", "source_id": "25a1b597-50bd-461e-b30a-ba207a99bb30", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Special cycles on unitary Shimura varieties I. unramified local theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " The supersingular locus in the fiber at p of a Shimura variety attached to a\nunitary similitude group GU(1,n-1) over Q is uniformized by a formal scheme\n\\Cal N. In the case when p is inert, we define special cycles Z(x) in \\Cal N,\nassociated to a collection x of m `special homomorphisms' with fundamental\nmatrix T in Herm_m(OK). When m=n and T is nonsingular, we show that the cycle\nZ(x) is a union of components of the Ekedahl-Oort stratification, and we give a\nnecessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of T, for Z(x) to be irreducible.\nWhen Z(x) is zero dimensional -- in which case it reduces to a single point --\nwe determine the length of the corresponding local ring by using a variant of\nthe theory of quasi-canonical liftings. We show that this length coincides with\nthe derivative of a representation density for hermitian forms.\n" }, { "id": "2ecc7faf-61dc-457b-94a4-abe2df0aeef7", "adv_source_id": "2ecc7faf-61dc-457b-94a4-abe2df0aeef7", "source_id": "2ecc7faf-61dc-457b-94a4-abe2df0aeef7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimum and equilibrium in a transport problem with queue effects", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider a distribution of citizens in an urban area in which some services\n(supermarkets, post offices...) are present. Each citizen, in order to use a\nservice, spends an amount of time which is due both to the travel time to the\nservice and to the queue time waiting in the service. The choice of the service\nto be used is made by every citizen in order to be served more quickly. Two\ntypes of problems can be considered: a global optimization of the total time\nspent by the citizens of the whole city (we define a global optimum and we\nstudy it with techniques from optimal mass transportation) and an individual\noptimization, in which each citizen chooses the service trying to minimize just\nhis own time expense (we define the concept of equilibrium and we study it with\ntechniques from game theory). In this framework we are also able to exhibit two\ntime-dependent strategies (based on the notions of prudence and memory\nrespectively) which converge to the equilibrium.\n" }, { "id": "056b1f12-bfc8-492a-9f97-d521ce7c8d6b", "adv_source_id": "056b1f12-bfc8-492a-9f97-d521ce7c8d6b", "source_id": "056b1f12-bfc8-492a-9f97-d521ce7c8d6b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ab-initio studying of spin states of sodium cobaltate Na$_{2/3}$CoO$_2$", "prompt": null, "generation": " Puzzling properties of sodium cobaltates Na${}_x$CoO${}_2$ become an issue of\nnumerous recent theoretical and experimental investigations because of very\nhigh thermopower and intricate phase diagram of this material. Experiments\nindicated Na${}_{2/3}$CoO${}_2$ to have a kagome-like cobalt sublattice, which\nimplies additional complexity of this strongly correlated system. In the\npresent work we have employed the ab-initio GGA+U modeling method to\ninvestigate spin states of Na${}_{2/3}$CoO${}_2$, using an exact crystal cell\nestablished in the experiment. Stability of sodium imprint for concentration\n$x=2/3$ proposed in the publications has been obtained. An AFM-A type magnetic\nordering has been recognized as a ground state. Moreover, a competition between\nlow spin state (LS) and intermediate spin state (IS) has been established to\ndepend on on-site Hubbard $U$ correction parameter. LS state has been\nidentified as a ground state of Na${}_{2/3}$CoO${}_2$.\n" }, { "id": "0fda8426-e26d-4d72-818f-00bb1b812036", "adv_source_id": "0fda8426-e26d-4d72-818f-00bb1b812036", "source_id": "0fda8426-e26d-4d72-818f-00bb1b812036", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ion-induced electron production in tissue-like media and DNA damage\n mechanisms", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose an inclusive approach for calculating characteristics of secondary\nelectrons produced by ions/protons in tissue-like media. This approach is based\non an analysis of the projectile's interaction with the medium on the\nmicroscopic level. It allows us to obtain the energy spectrum and abundance of\nsecondary electrons as functions of the projectile kinetic energy. The physical\ninformation obtained in this analysis is related to biological processes\nresponsible for the irrepearable DNA damage induced by the projectile. In\nparticular, we consider double strand breaks of DNA caused by secondary\nelectrons and free radicals, and local heating in the ion's track. The heating\nmay enhance the biological effectiveness of electron/free radical interactions\nwith the DNA and may even be considered as an independent mechanism of DNA\ndamage. Numerical estimates are performed for the case of carbon-ion beams. The\nobtained dose-depth curves are compared with results of the MCHIT model based\non the GEANT4 toolkit.\n" }, { "id": "f4c564da-6c94-47ee-bf54-597b28a18293", "adv_source_id": "f4c564da-6c94-47ee-bf54-597b28a18293", "source_id": "f4c564da-6c94-47ee-bf54-597b28a18293", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Casimir Forces and Graphene Sheets", "prompt": null, "generation": " The Casimir force between two infinitely thin parallel sheets in a setting of\n$N$ such sheets is found. The finite two-dimensional conductivities, which\ndescribe the dispersive and absorptive properties of each sheet, are taken into\naccount, whereupon the theory is applied to interacting graphenes. By exploring\nsimilarities with in-plane optical spectra for graphite, the conductivity of\ngraphene is modeled as a combination of Lorentz type oscillators. We find that\nthe graphene transparency and the existence of a universal constant\nconductivity $e^2/(4\\hbar)$ result in graphene/graphene Casimir interaction at\nlarge separations to have the same distance dependence as the one for perfect\nconductors but with much smaller magnitude.\n" }, { "id": "21563953-ce88-4112-8ba3-4d54ae07c70c", "adv_source_id": "21563953-ce88-4112-8ba3-4d54ae07c70c", "source_id": "21563953-ce88-4112-8ba3-4d54ae07c70c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Probability distributions for quantum stress tensors in four dimensions", "prompt": null, "generation": " We treat the probability distributions for quadratic quantum fields, averaged\nwith a Lorentzian test function, in four-dimensional Minkowski vacuum. These\ndistributions share some properties with previous results in two-dimensional\nspacetime. Specifically, there is a lower bound at a finite negative value, but\nno upper bound. Thus arbitrarily large positive energy density fluctuations are\npossible. We are not able to give closed form expressions for the probability\ndistribution, but rather use calculations of a finite number of moments to\nestimate the lower bounds, the asymptotic forms for large positive argument,\nand possible fits to the intermediate region. The first 65 moments are used for\nthese purposes. All of our results are subject to the caveat that these\ndistributions are not uniquely determined by the moments. However, we also give\nbounds on the cumulative distribution function that are valid for any\ndistribution fitting these moments.We apply the asymptotic form of the\nelectromagnetic energy density distribution to estimate the nucleation rates of\nblack holes and of Boltzmann brains.\n" }, { "id": "f8a8507e-9f97-484f-a751-c54e47836a5b", "adv_source_id": "f8a8507e-9f97-484f-a751-c54e47836a5b", "source_id": "f8a8507e-9f97-484f-a751-c54e47836a5b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Hilbertian Tensor Norm and Entangled Two-Prover Games", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study tensor norms over Banach spaces and their relations to quantum\ninformation theory, in particular their connection with two-prover games. We\nconsider a version of the Hilbertian tensor norm $\\gamma_2$ and its dual\n$\\gamma_2^*$ that allow us to consider games with arbitrary output alphabet\nsizes. We establish direct-product theorems and prove a generalized\nGrothendieck inequality for these tensor norms. Furthermore, we investigate the\nconnection between the Hilbertian tensor norm and the set of quantum\nprobability distributions, and show two applications to quantum information\ntheory: firstly, we give an alternative proof of the perfect parallel\nrepetition theorem for entangled XOR games; and secondly, we prove a new upper\nbound on the ratio between the entangled and the classical value of two-prover\ngames.\n" }, { "id": "025d685e-9398-4661-a645-7cd7c3be3189", "adv_source_id": "025d685e-9398-4661-a645-7cd7c3be3189", "source_id": "025d685e-9398-4661-a645-7cd7c3be3189", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Q-universal desingularization", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove that the algorithm for desingularization of algebraic varieties in\ncharacteristic zero of the first two authors is functorial with respect to\nregular morphisms. For this purpose, we show that, in characteristic zero, a\nregular morphism with connected affine source can be factored into a smooth\nmorphism, a ground-field extension and a generic-fibre embedding. Every variety\nof characteristic zero admits a regular morphism to a Q-variety. The\ndesingularization algorithm is therefore Q-universal or absolute in the sense\nthat it is induced from its restriction to varieties over Q. As a consequence,\nfor example, the algorithm extends functorially to localizations and\nHenselizations of varieties.\n" }, { "id": "5340d59b-ee03-46f7-8706-ff2204d8754a", "adv_source_id": "5340d59b-ee03-46f7-8706-ff2204d8754a", "source_id": "5340d59b-ee03-46f7-8706-ff2204d8754a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interfaces Within Graphene Nanoribbons", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the conductance through two types of graphene nanostructures:\nnanoribbon junctions in which the width changes from wide to narrow, and curved\nnanoribbons. In the wide-narrow structures, substantial reflection occurs from\nthe wide-narrow interface, in contrast to the behavior of the much studied\nelectron gas waveguides. In the curved nanoribbons, the conductance is very\nsensitive to details such as whether regions of a semiconducting armchair\nnanoribbon are included in the curved structure -- such regions strongly\nsuppress the conductance. Surprisingly, this suppression is not due to the band\ngap of the semiconducting nanoribbon, but is linked to the valley degree of\nfreedom. Though we study these effects in the simplest contexts, they can be\nexpected to occur for more complicated structures, and we show results for\nrings as well. We conclude that experience from electron gas waveguides does\nnot carry over to graphene nanostructures. The interior interfaces causing\nextra scattering result from the extra effective degrees of freedom of the\ngraphene structure, namely the valley and sublattice pseudospins.\n" }, { "id": "84c7c04d-d769-4e85-821a-c660145a5493", "adv_source_id": "84c7c04d-d769-4e85-821a-c660145a5493", "source_id": "84c7c04d-d769-4e85-821a-c660145a5493", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Dependence of Star Formation Rates on Stellar Mass and Environment\n at z~0.8", "prompt": null, "generation": " We examine the star formation rates (SFRs) of galaxies in a redshift slice\nencompassing the z=0.834 cluster RX J0152.7-1357. We used a low-dispersion\nprism in the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) to identify\ngalaxies with z<23.3 AB mag in diverse environments around the cluster out to\nprojected distances of ~8 Mpc from the cluster center. We utilize a\nmass-limited sample (M>2x10^{10} M_sun) of 330 galaxies that were imaged by\nSpitzer MIPS at 24 micron to derive SFRs and study the dependence of specific\nSFR (SSFR) on stellar mass and environment. We find that the SFR and SSFR show\na strong decrease with increasing local density, similar to the relation at\nz~0. Our result contrasts with other work at z~1 that find the SFR-density\ntrend to reverse for luminosity-limited samples. These other results appear to\nbe driven by star-formation in lower mass systems (M~10^{10} M_sun). Our\nresults imply that the processes that shut down star-formation are present in\ngroups and other dense regions in the field. Our data also suggest that the\nlower SFRs of galaxies in higher density environments may reflect a change in\nthe ratio of star-forming to non-star-forming galaxies, rather than a change in\nSFRs. As a consequence, the SFRs of star-forming galaxies, in environments\nranging from small groups to clusters, appear to be similar and largely\nunaffected by the local processes that truncate star-formation at z~0.8.\n" }, { "id": "3999bab4-1502-429c-91a6-122004915051", "adv_source_id": "3999bab4-1502-429c-91a6-122004915051", "source_id": "3999bab4-1502-429c-91a6-122004915051", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extracting the Gamma Ray Signal from Dark Matter Annihilation in the\n Galactic Center Region", "prompt": null, "generation": " The GLAST satellite mission will study the gamma ray sky with considerably\ngreater exposure than its predecessor EGRET. In addition, it will be capable of\nmeasuring the arrival directions of gamma rays with much greater precision.\nThese features each significantly enhance GLAST's potential for identifying\ngamma rays produced in the annihilations of dark matter particles. The combined\nuse of spectral and angular information, however, is essential if the full\nsensitivity of GLAST to dark matter is to be exploited. In this paper, we\ndiscuss the separation of dark matter annihilation products from astrophysical\nbackgrounds, focusing on the Galactic Center region, and perform a forecast for\nsuch an analysis. We consider both point-like and diffuse astrophysical\nbackgrounds and model them using a point-spread-function for GLAST. While the\nresults of our study depend on the specific characteristics of the dark matter\nsignal and astrophysical backgrounds, we find that in many scenarios it is\npossible to successfully identify dark matter annihilation radiation, even in\nthe presence of significant astrophysical backgrounds.\n" }, { "id": "ed970236-21e9-4fd6-a935-f62f1931fa9f", "adv_source_id": "ed970236-21e9-4fd6-a935-f62f1931fa9f", "source_id": "ed970236-21e9-4fd6-a935-f62f1931fa9f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Inflation from Flux Cascades", "prompt": null, "generation": " When electric-type flux threads compact extra dimensions, a quantum\nnucleation event can break a flux line and initiate a cascade that unwinds many\nunits of flux. Here, we present a novel mechanism for inflation based on this\nphenomenon. From the 4D point of view, the cascade begins with the formation of\na bubble containing an open Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology, but the\nvacuum energy inside the bubble is initially only slightly reduced, and\nsubsequently decreases gradually throughout the cascade. If the initial flux\nnumber Q_0 ~ O(100), during the cascade the universe can undergo N ~ 60 efolds\nof inflationary expansion with gradually decreasing Hubble constant, producing\na nearly scale-invariant spectrum of adiabatic density perturbations with\namplitude and tilt consistent with observation, and a potentially observable\nlevel of non-Gaussianity and tensor modes. The power spectrum has a small\noscillatory component that does not decay away during inflation, with a period\nset approximately by the light-crossing time of the compact dimension(s). Since\nthe ingredients are fluxes threading compact dimensions, this mechanism fits\nnaturally into the string landscape, but does not appear to suffer from the eta\nproblem or require fine-tuning (beyond the usual anthropic requirement of small\nvacuum energy after reheating).\n" }, { "id": "ecdf2e12-7119-401d-9697-d1c6f43b024a", "adv_source_id": "ecdf2e12-7119-401d-9697-d1c6f43b024a", "source_id": "ecdf2e12-7119-401d-9697-d1c6f43b024a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Tidal Disruption of Satellite Galaxies in a Semi-Analytic Model of\n Galaxy Formation", "prompt": null, "generation": " We introduce a new physical recipe into the De Lucia and Blaizot version of\nthe Munich semi-analytic model built upon the Millennium dark matter\nsimulation: the tidal stripping of stellar material from satellite galaxies\nduring mergers. To test the significance of the new physical process we apply a\nMonte Carlo Markov Chain parameter estimation technique constraining the model\nwith the $K$-band luminosity function, $B-V$ colours and the black hole-bulge\nmass relation. The differences in parameter correlations, and in the allowed\nregions in likelihood space, reveal the impact of the new physics on the basic\ningredients of the model, such as the star-formation laws, feedback recipes and\nthe black hole growth model. With satellite disruption in place, we get a model\nlikelihood four times higher than in the original model, indicating that the\nnew process seems to be favoured by observations. This is achieved mainly due\nto a reduction in black hole growth that produces a better agreement between\nthe properties of central black holes and host galaxies. Compared to the\nbest-fit model without disruption, the new model removes the excess of dwarf\ngalaxies in the original recipe with a more modest supernova heating. The new\nmodel is now consistent with the three observational data sets used to\nconstrain it, while significantly improving the agreement with observations for\nthe distribution of metals in stars. Moreover, the model now follows the build\nup of intra-cluster light.\n" }, { "id": "8003f371-a7e1-4eaa-af82-c02c87dd75c9", "adv_source_id": "8003f371-a7e1-4eaa-af82-c02c87dd75c9", "source_id": "8003f371-a7e1-4eaa-af82-c02c87dd75c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Radiation Pressure in Lyman-alpha Forest Clouds", "prompt": null, "generation": " The effective recombination coefficient, alpha_eff, is refined for optically\nthin cases. Radiation pressure in Lyman-alpha and HeII Lyman-alpha is\ncalculated in terms of the number density and the mean free path. Pressure\nequilibrium between Lyman-alpha clouds and an adiabatically expanding\ninter-galactic medium is assumed, n_i T_i = n_c T_c. Numerical models of\nisothermal and adiabatic expanding Lyman-alpha forest clouds are presented,\nincluding evolving UV sources (QSOs), with various turn-on times z_on = 20, 10,\nand 5, and with q_0 = 1/2 in a matter-dominated Friedmann-Robertson-Walker\nUniverse. These models lead to the conclusion that the radiation pressure and\nQSO turn-on time are significant in determining the range of physical size, D,\nand neutral hydrogen column density, N(HI), permitted for stable Lyman-alpha\nforest clouds.\n This manuscript was written in 1989 and never submitted for publication.\n" }, { "id": "e0bc7a19-81fd-409b-8a41-36324f86a66a", "adv_source_id": "e0bc7a19-81fd-409b-8a41-36324f86a66a", "source_id": "e0bc7a19-81fd-409b-8a41-36324f86a66a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Abnormal Quantum Gravity Effect: Experimental Scheme with Superfluid\n Helium Sphere and Applications to Accelerating Universe", "prompt": null, "generation": " From the general assumption that gravity originates from the coupling and\nthermal equilibrium between matter and vacuum, after a derivation of Newton's\nlaw of gravitation and an interpretation of the attractive gravity force\nbetween two classical objects, we consider the macroscopic quantum gravity\neffect for particles whose wave packets are delocalized at macroscopic scale.\nWe predict an abnormal repulsive gravity effect in this work. For a sphere full\nof superfluid helium, it is shown that with a gravimeter placed in this sphere,\nthe sensitivities of the gravity acceleration $\\Delta g/g$ below $10^{-8}$\ncould be used to test the abnormal quantum gravity effect, which satisfies the\npresent experimental technique of atom interferometer, free-fall absolute\ngravimeters and superconducting gravimeters. We further propose a\nself-consistent field equation including the quantum effect of gravity. As an\napplication of this field equation, we give a simple interpretation of the\naccelerating universe due to dark energy. Based on the idea that the dark\nenergy originates from the quantum gravity effect of vacuum excitations due to\nthe coupling between matter and vacuum, without any fitting parameter, the\nratio between dark energy density and matter density (including dark matter) is\ncalculated as 2.2, which agrees quantitatively with the result 7/3 obtained\nfrom various astronomical observations.\n" }, { "id": "b758708f-0a64-4ef1-9c81-f759c58b0a19", "adv_source_id": "b758708f-0a64-4ef1-9c81-f759c58b0a19", "source_id": "b758708f-0a64-4ef1-9c81-f759c58b0a19", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Expectation Maximization and Complex Duration Distributions for\n Continuous Time Bayesian Networks", "prompt": null, "generation": " Continuous time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) describe structured stochastic\nprocesses with finitely many states that evolve over continuous time. A CTBN is\na directed (possibly cyclic) dependency graph over a set of variables, each of\nwhich represents a finite state continuous time Markov process whose transition\nmodel is a function of its parents. We address the problem of learning the\nparameters and structure of a CTBN from partially observed data. We show how to\napply expectation maximization (EM) and structural expectation maximization\n(SEM) to CTBNs. The availability of the EM algorithm allows us to extend the\nrepresentation of CTBNs to allow a much richer class of transition durations\ndistributions, known as phase distributions. This class is a highly expressive\nsemi-parametric representation, which can approximate any duration distribution\narbitrarily closely. This extension to the CTBN framework addresses one of the\nmain limitations of both CTBNs and DBNs - the restriction to exponentially /\ngeometrically distributed duration. We present experimental results on a real\ndata set of people's life spans, showing that our algorithm learns reasonable\nmodels - structure and parameters - from partially observed data, and, with the\nuse of phase distributions, achieves better performance than DBNs.\n" }, { "id": "2570b6c2-1878-438e-8dc9-8ec1ebe6029c", "adv_source_id": "2570b6c2-1878-438e-8dc9-8ec1ebe6029c", "source_id": "2570b6c2-1878-438e-8dc9-8ec1ebe6029c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Ultimate \"SIR\" in Autonomous Linear Networks with Symmetric Weight\n Matrices, and Its Use to Stabilize the Network - A Hopfield-like network", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper, we present and analyse two Hopfield-like nonlinear networks,\nin continuous-time and discrete-time respectively. The proposed network is\nbased on an autonomous linear system with a symmetric weight matrix, which is\ndesigned to be unstable, and a nonlinear function stabilizing the whole network\nthanks to a manipulated state variable called``ultimate SIR''. This variable is\nobserved to be equal to the traditional Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR)\ndefinition in telecommunications engineering.\n The underlying linear system of the proposed continuous-time network is\n$\\dot{{\\mathbf x}} = {\\mathbf B} {\\mathbf x}$ where {\\bf B} is a real symmetric\nmatrix whose diagonal elements are fixed to a constant. The nonlinear function,\non the other hand, is based on the defined system variables called ``SIR''s. We\nalso show that the ``SIR''s of all the states converge to a constant value,\ncalled ``system-specific Ultimate SIR''; which is equal to\n$\\frac{r}{\\lambda_{max}}$ where $r$ is the diagonal element of matrix ${\\bf B}$\nand $\\lambda_{max}$ is the maximum (positive) eigenvalue of diagonally-zero\nmatrix $({\\bf B} - r{\\bf I})$, where ${\\bf I}$ denotes the identity matrix. The\nsame result is obtained in its discrete-time version as well.\n Computer simulations for binary associative memory design problem show the\neffectiveness of the proposed network as compared to the traditional Hopfield\nNetworks.\n" }, { "id": "30cc671d-e04f-43d2-ac85-991e3bff08a3", "adv_source_id": "30cc671d-e04f-43d2-ac85-991e3bff08a3", "source_id": "30cc671d-e04f-43d2-ac85-991e3bff08a3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Cold Nuclear Matter In Holographic QCD", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the Sakai-Sugimoto model of holographic QCD at zero temperature and\nfinite chemical potential. We find that as the baryon chemical potential is\nincreased above a critical value, there is a phase transition to a nuclear\nmatter phase characterized by a condensate of instantons on the probe D-branes\nin the string theory dual. As a result of electrostatic interactions between\nthe instantons, this condensate expands towards the UV when the chemical\npotential is increased, giving a holographic version of the expansion of the\nFermi surface. We argue based on properties of instantons that the nuclear\nmatter phase is necessarily inhomogeneous to arbitrarily high density. This\nsuggests an explanation of the \"chiral density wave\" instability of the quark\nFermi surface in large N_c QCD at asymptotically large chemical potential. We\nstudy properties of the nuclear matter phase as a function of chemical\npotential beyond the transition and argue in particular that the model can be\nused to make a semi-quantitative prediction of the binding energy per nucleon\nfor nuclear matter in ordinary QCD.\n" }, { "id": "bd9f483c-e847-4edc-bb87-96c4af2ee945", "adv_source_id": "bd9f483c-e847-4edc-bb87-96c4af2ee945", "source_id": "bd9f483c-e847-4edc-bb87-96c4af2ee945", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fermionic Chern-Simons Theory of SU(4) Fractional Quantum Hall Effect", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a Fermionic Chern-Simons (CS) theory for the fractional quantum\nHall effect in monolayer graphene with SU(4) symmetry, arising from the spin\nand the valley degrees of freedom, which involves four distinct CS gauge\nfields. We choose the corresponding elements of the CS coupling matrix such\nthat an even number of spin and valley quantum number dependent flux quanta is\nattached to all electrons and that any electron with a given spin and valley\nquantum number sees an integer number of flux attached to other electrons with\ndifferent (spin and valley) quantum numbers. Using this CS matrix, we obtain a\nlist of possible fractional quantum Hall states that might occur in graphene\nand propose wavefunctions for those states. Our analysis also applies to\nfractional quantum Hall states of both bilayer quantum Hall systems without\nspin polarization and bilayer spin polarized graphene.\n" }, { "id": "4270aed3-70a6-42d5-86c4-e467a2082567", "adv_source_id": "4270aed3-70a6-42d5-86c4-e467a2082567", "source_id": "4270aed3-70a6-42d5-86c4-e467a2082567", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A spectroscopic study of the blue stragglers in M67", "prompt": null, "generation": " Based on spectrophotometric observations from the Guillermo Haro Observatory\n(Cananea, Mexico), a study of the spectral properties of the complete sample of\n24 blue straggler stars (BSs) in the old Galactic open cluster M67 (NGC 2682)\nis presented. All spectra, calibrated using spectral standards, were\nrecalibrated by means of photometric magnitudes in the\nBeijing-Arizona-Taipei-Connecticut system, which includes fluxes in 11 bands\ncovering ~3500-10000 A. The set of parameters was obtained using two\ncomplementary approaches that rely on a comparison of the spectra with (i) an\nempirical sample of stars with well-established spectral types and (ii) a\ntheoretical grid of optical spectra computed at both low and high resolution.\nThe overall results indicate that the BSs in M67 span a wide range in Teff(~\n5600 -12600 K) and surface gravities that are fully compatible with those\nexpected for main-sequence objects (log g = 3.5 -5.0 dex).\n" }, { "id": "a370f5ce-3faa-4d07-ad50-a99c3e657b9b", "adv_source_id": "a370f5ce-3faa-4d07-ad50-a99c3e657b9b", "source_id": "a370f5ce-3faa-4d07-ad50-a99c3e657b9b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Purifying GHZ States Using Degenerate Quantum Codes", "prompt": null, "generation": " Degenerate quantum codes are codes that do not reveal the complete error\nsyndrome. Their ability to conceal the complete error syndrome makes them\npowerful resources in certain quantum information processing tasks. In\nparticular, the most error-tolerant way to purify depolarized Bell states using\none-way communication known to date involves degenerate quantum codes. Here we\nstudy three closely related purification schemes for depolarized GHZ states\nshared among $m \\geq 3$ players by means of degenerate quantum codes and\none-way classical communications. We find that our schemes tolerate more noise\nthan all other one-way schemes known to date, further demonstrating the\neffectiveness of degenerate quantum codes in quantum information processing.\n" }, { "id": "b5d1ffa2-ef87-4fb4-8f92-e2570b23548f", "adv_source_id": "b5d1ffa2-ef87-4fb4-8f92-e2570b23548f", "source_id": "b5d1ffa2-ef87-4fb4-8f92-e2570b23548f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of Dijet Production in Diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering\n with a Leading Proton at HERA", "prompt": null, "generation": " The cross section of diffractive deep-inelastic scattering ep \\rightarrow eXp\nis measured, where the system X contains at least two jets and the leading\nfinal state proton is detected in the H1 Forward Proton Spectrometer. The\nmeasurement is performed for fractional proton longitudinal momentum loss xIP <\n0.1 and covers the range 0.1 < |t| < 0.7 GeV2 in squared four-momentum transfer\nat the proton vertex and 4 < Q2 < 110 GeV2 in photon virtuality. The\ndifferential cross sections extrapolated to |t| < 1 GeV2 are in agreement with\nnext-toleading order QCD predictions based on diffractive parton distribution\nfunctions extracted from measurements of inclusive and dijet cross sections in\ndiffractive deep-inelastic scattering. The data are also compared with leading\norder Monte Carlo models.\n" }, { "id": "9a34e174-b429-4269-b1c4-f8c3b5d4cede", "adv_source_id": "9a34e174-b429-4269-b1c4-f8c3b5d4cede", "source_id": "9a34e174-b429-4269-b1c4-f8c3b5d4cede", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Physical equivalence between the covariant and physical graviton\n two-point functions in de Sitter spacetime", "prompt": null, "generation": " It is known that the covariant graviton two-point function in de Sitter\nspacetime is infrared divergent for some choices of gauge parameters. On the\nother hand it is also known that there are no infrared divergences requiring an\ninfrared cutoff for the physical graviton two-point function for this spacetime\nin the transverse-traceless-synchronous gauge in the global coordinate system.\nWe show in this paper that the covariant graviton Wightman two-point function\nwith two gauge parameters is equivalent to the physical one in the global\ncoordinate system in the sense that they produce the same two-point function of\nany local gauge-invariant tensor linear in the graviton field such as the\nlinearized Weyl tensor. This confirms the fact, pointed out decades ago, that\nthe infrared divergences of the graviton two-point function in the covariant\ngauge for some choices of gauge parameters are gauge artifact in the sense that\nthey do not contribute to the Wightman two-point function of any local gauge\ninvariant tensor field in linearized theory.\n" }, { "id": "51576c1c-0f96-400d-9e37-a630e1d82537", "adv_source_id": "51576c1c-0f96-400d-9e37-a630e1d82537", "source_id": "51576c1c-0f96-400d-9e37-a630e1d82537", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Particle Filters in Robotics (Invited Talk)", "prompt": null, "generation": " This presentation will introduce the audience to a new, emerging body of\nresearch on sequential Monte Carlo techniques in robotics. In recent years,\nparticle filters have solved several hard perceptual robotic problems. Early\nsuccesses were limited to low-dimensional problems, such as the problem of\nrobot localization in environments with known maps. More recently, researchers\nhave begun exploiting structural properties of robotic domains that have led to\nsuccessful particle filter applications in spaces with as many as 100,000\ndimensions. The presentation will discuss specific tricks necessary to make\nthese techniques work in real - world domains,and also discuss open challenges\nfor researchers IN the UAI community.\n" }, { "id": "62aeea98-7a4e-49d9-b906-5b348f44ccb3", "adv_source_id": "62aeea98-7a4e-49d9-b906-5b348f44ccb3", "source_id": "62aeea98-7a4e-49d9-b906-5b348f44ccb3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Robust Bayesian variable selection with sub-harmonic priors", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper studies Bayesian variable selection in linear models with general\nspherically symmetric error distributions. We propose sub-harmonic priors which\narise as a class of mixtures of Zellner's g-priors for which the Bayes factors\nare independent of the underlying error distribution, as long as it is in the\nspherically symmetric class. Because of this invariance to spherically\nsymmetric error distribution, we refer to our method as a robust Bayesian\nvariable selection method. We demonstrate that our Bayes factors have model\nselection consistency and are coherent. We also develop Laplace approximations\nto Bayes factors for a number of recently studied mixtures of g-priors that\nhave recently appeared in the literature (including our own) for Gaussian\nerrors. These approximations, in each case, are given by the Gaussian Bayes\nfactor based on BIC times a simple rational function of the prior's\nhyper-parameters and the R^2's for the respective models. We also extend model\nselection consistency for several g-prior based Bayes factor methods for\nGaussian errors to the entire class of spherically symmetric error\ndistributions. Additionally we demonstrate that our class of sub-harmonic\npriors are the only ones within a large class of mixtures of g-priors studied\nin the literature which are robust in our sense. A simulation study and an\nanalysis of two real data sets indicates good performance of our robust Bayes\nfactors relative to BIC and to other mixture of g-prior based methods.\n" }, { "id": "0018385f-62f7-4cb0-b3a0-46a12863036c", "adv_source_id": "0018385f-62f7-4cb0-b3a0-46a12863036c", "source_id": "0018385f-62f7-4cb0-b3a0-46a12863036c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Digit patterning during limb development as a result of the BMP-receptor\n interaction", "prompt": null, "generation": " Turing models have been proposed to explain the emergence of digits during\nlimb development. However, so far the molecular components that would give rise\nto Turing patterns are elusive. We have recently shown that a particular type\nof receptor-ligand interaction can give rise to Schnakenberg-type Turing\npatterns, which reproduce patterning during lung and kidney branching\nmorphogenesis. Recent knock-out experiments have identified Smad4 as a key\nprotein in digit patterning. We show here that the BMP-receptor interaction\nmeets the conditions for a Schnakenberg-type Turing pattern, and that the\nresulting model reproduces available wildtype and mutant data on the expression\npatterns of BMP, its receptor, and Fgfs in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER)\nwhen solved on a realistic 2D domain that we extracted from limb bud images of\nE11.5 mouse embryos. We propose that receptor-ligand-based mechanisms serve as\na molecular basis for the emergence of Turing patterns in many developing\ntissues.\n" }, { "id": "b032b9f1-ed98-4903-ba35-35c2390d3ab6", "adv_source_id": "b032b9f1-ed98-4903-ba35-35c2390d3ab6", "source_id": "b032b9f1-ed98-4903-ba35-35c2390d3ab6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lagrangian Refined Kolmogorov Similarity Hypothesis for Gradient\n Time-evolution in Turbulent Flows", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the time evolution of velocity and pressure gradients in isotropic\nturbulence, by quantifying their decorrelation time scales as one follows fluid\nparticles in the flow. The Lagrangian analysis uses data in a public database\ngenerated using direct numerical simulation of the Naiver-Stokes equations, at\na Reynolds number 430. It is confirmed that when averaging over the entire\ndomain, correlation functions decay on timescales on the order of the mean\nKolmogorov turnover time scale, computed from the globally averaged rate of\ndissipation and viscosity. However, when performing the analysis in different\nsubregions of the flow, turbulence intermittency leads to large spatial\nvariability in the decay time scales. Remarkably, excellent collapse of the\nauto-correlation functions is recovered when using the `local Kolmogorov\ntime-scale' defined using the locally averaged, rather than the global,\ndissipation-rate. This provides new evidence for the validity of Kolmogorov's\nRefined Similarity Hypothesis, but from a Lagrangian viewpoint that provides a\nnatural frame to describe the dynamical time evolution of turbulence.\n" }, { "id": "5d28325a-9c2c-4629-a9ca-255925ceaf79", "adv_source_id": "5d28325a-9c2c-4629-a9ca-255925ceaf79", "source_id": "5d28325a-9c2c-4629-a9ca-255925ceaf79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A new perspective on Gauge-flation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Recently Maleknejad and Sheikh-Jabbari have proposed a new model for\ninflation with non-Abelian gauge fields (Gauge-flation), and they have studied\nthe model by numerical methods\\cite{Sheikh}. In this model, the isotropy of\nspace-time is recovered by suitable combination of gauge configurations, and a\nscalar field is constructed by gauge field and the scale factor, which produces\ninflation period. In this work, exact solutions for the scalar field and the\nHubble parameter are presented and we provide analytic solutions for the\nnumerical results. We explicitly present Hubble parameter and fields as\nfunctions of time and it is also demonstrated that in some conditions they are\ndamped oscillator. Moreover, reheating period in the model is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "30c88bdd-47e7-4cb7-9941-3ed99dc0bb5e", "adv_source_id": "30c88bdd-47e7-4cb7-9941-3ed99dc0bb5e", "source_id": "30c88bdd-47e7-4cb7-9941-3ed99dc0bb5e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An XMM-Newton view of the `bare' nucleus of Fairall 9", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the spectral results from a 130 ks observation, obtained from the\nX-ray Multi-Mirror Mission-Newton (XMM-Newton) observatory, of the type I\nSeyfert galaxy Fairall 9. An X-ray hardness-ratio analysis of the light-curves,\nreveals a `softer-when-brighter' behaviour which is typical for radio-quiet\ntype I Seyfert galaxies. Moreover, we analyse the high spectral-resolution data\nof the reflection grating spectrometer and we did not find any significant\nevidence supporting the presence of warm-absorber in the low X-ray energy part\nof the source's spectrum. This means that the central nucleus of Fairall 9 is\n`clean' and thus its X-ray spectral properties probe directly the physical\nconditions of the central engine. The overall X-ray spectrum in the 0.5-10 keV\nenergy-range, derived from the EPIC data, can be modelled by a relativistically\nblurred disc-reflection model. This spectral model yields for Fairall 9 an\nintermediate black-hole best-fit spin parameter of\n$\\alpha=0.39^{+0.48}_{-0.30}$.\n" }, { "id": "b54a31df-012a-49cf-929e-740964c3e90e", "adv_source_id": "b54a31df-012a-49cf-929e-740964c3e90e", "source_id": "b54a31df-012a-49cf-929e-740964c3e90e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Solar Nebula on Fire: A Solution to the Carbon Deficit in the Inner\n Solar System", "prompt": null, "generation": " Despite a surface dominated by carbon-based life, the bulk composition of the\nEarth is dramatically carbon poor when compared to the material available at\nformation. Bulk carbon deficiency extends into the asteroid belt representing a\nfossil record of the conditions under which planets are born. The initial steps\nof planet formation involve the growth of primitive sub-micron silicate and\ncarbon grains in the Solar Nebula. We present a solution wherein primordial\ncarbon grains are preferentially destroyed by oxygen atoms ignited by heating\ndue to stellar accretion at radii < 5 AU. This solution can account for the\nbulk carbon deficiency in the Earth and meteorites, the compositional gradient\nwithin the asteroid belt, and for growing evidence for similar carbon\ndeficiency in rocks surrounding other stars.\n" }, { "id": "2cb6321c-4e1c-4425-be41-3deefe2b1311", "adv_source_id": "2cb6321c-4e1c-4425-be41-3deefe2b1311", "source_id": "2cb6321c-4e1c-4425-be41-3deefe2b1311", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observable QPOs produced by steep pulse profiles in Magnetar Flares", "prompt": null, "generation": " Strong quasi-periodic oscillations in the tails of the giant gamma-ray flares\nseen in SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 are thought to be produced by starquakes in\nthe flaring magnetar. However, the large fractional amplitudes (up to ~20%)\nobserved are difficult to reconcile with predicted amplitudes of starquakes.\nHere we demonstrate that the steeply pulsed emission profile in the tail of the\ngiant flare can enhance the observed amplitude of the underlying oscillation,\nanalogously to a beam of light oscillating in and out of the line of sight.\nThis mechanism will also broaden the feature in the power spectrum and\nintroduce power at harmonics of the oscillation. The observed strength of the\noscillation depends on the amplitude of the underlying starquake, the\norientation and location of the emission on the surface of the star, and the\ngradient of the light curve profile. While the amplification of the signal can\nbe significant, we demonstrate that even with uncertainties in the emission\ngeometry, this effect is not sufficient to produce the observed QPOs. This\nresult excludes the direct observation of a starquake, and suggests that the\nobserved variations come from modulations in the intensity of the emission.\n" }, { "id": "f4469d1d-8c44-464a-bcd6-dac736639580", "adv_source_id": "f4469d1d-8c44-464a-bcd6-dac736639580", "source_id": "f4469d1d-8c44-464a-bcd6-dac736639580", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An improved method for statistical studies of the internal kinematics of\n HII regions: the case of M 83", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the integrated Halpha emission line profile for 157 HII regions in\nthe central 3.4' x 3.4' of the galaxy M 83 (NGC 5236). Using the Fabry-Perot\ninterferometer GHaFaS, on the 4.2 m William Herschel on La Palma, we show the\nimportance of a good characterization of the instrumental response function for\nthe study of line profile shapes. The luminosity-velocity dispersion relation\nis also studied, and in the log(L)-log(sigma) plane we do not find a linear\nrelation, but an upper envelope with equation log(L)=0.9 *log(sigma)+38.1. For\nthe adopted distance of 4.5 Mpc, the upper envelope appears at the luminosity\nL=10^38.5 ergs, in full agreement with previous studies of other galaxies,\nreinforcing the idea of using HII regions as standard candles.\n" }, { "id": "b3fb8e96-b545-4212-bb0b-c7178c91ca3d", "adv_source_id": "b3fb8e96-b545-4212-bb0b-c7178c91ca3d", "source_id": "b3fb8e96-b545-4212-bb0b-c7178c91ca3d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chaos can act as a decoherence suppressor", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a strategy to suppress decoherence of a solid-state qubit coupled\nto non-Markovian noises by attaching the qubit to a chaotic setup with the\nbroad power distribution in particular in the high-frequency domain. Different\nfrom the existing decoherence control methods such as the usual dynamics\ndecoupling control, high-frequency components of our control are generated by\nthe chaotic setup driven by a low-frequency field, and the generation of\ncomplex optimized control pulses is not necessary. We apply the scheme to\nsuperconducting quantum circuits and find that various noises in a wide\nfrequency domain, including low-frequency $1/f$, high-frequency Ohmic,\nsub-Ohmic, and super-Ohmic noises, can be efficiently suppressed by coupling\nthe qubits to a Duffing oscillator as the chaotic setup. Significantly, the\ndecoherence time of the qubit is prolonged approximately $100$ times in\nmagnitude.\n" }, { "id": "6da43650-43d5-4573-bda5-90d8e63cc2da", "adv_source_id": "6da43650-43d5-4573-bda5-90d8e63cc2da", "source_id": "6da43650-43d5-4573-bda5-90d8e63cc2da", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Translational tilings by a polytope, with multiplicity", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the problem of covering R^d by overlapping translates of a convex\nbody P, such that almost every point of R^d is covered exactly k times. Such a\ncovering of Euclidean space by translations is called a k-tiling. The\ninvestigation of tilings (i.e. 1-tilings in this context) by translations began\nwith the work of Fedorov and Minkowski. Here we extend the investigations of\nMinkowski to k-tilings by proving that if a convex body k-tiles R^d by\ntranslations, then it is centrally symmetric, and its facets are also centrally\nsymmetric. These are the analogues of Minkowski's conditions for 1-tiling\npolytopes. Conversely, in the case that P is a rational polytope, we also prove\nthat if P is centrally symmetric and has centrally symmetric facets, then P\nmust k-tile R^d for some positive integer k.\n" }, { "id": "4528a6fa-bb9e-4405-a982-841656c6dcec", "adv_source_id": "4528a6fa-bb9e-4405-a982-841656c6dcec", "source_id": "4528a6fa-bb9e-4405-a982-841656c6dcec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lectures on Quantum Black Holes", "prompt": null, "generation": " In these notes we describe recent progress in understanding finite size\ncorrections to the black hole entropy. Much of the earlier work concerning\nquantum black holes has been in the limit of large charges when the area of the\neven horizon is also large. In recent years there has been substantial progress\nin understanding the entropy of supersymmetric black holes within string theory\ngoing well beyond the large charge limit. It has now become possible to begin\nexploring finite size effects in perturbation theory in inverse size and even\nnonperturbatively, with highly nontrivial agreements between thermodynamics and\nstatistical mechanics. Unlike the leading Bekenstein-Hawking entropy which\nfollows from the two-derivative Einstein-Hilbert action, these finite size\ncorrections depend sensitively on the phase under consideration and contain a\nwealth of information about the details of compactification as well as the\nspectrum of nonperturbative states in the theory. Finite-size corrections are\ntherefore very interesting as a valuable window into the microscopic degrees of\nfreedom of the quantum theory.\n" }, { "id": "ef70e09c-461e-4cc9-82f4-700067bd715a", "adv_source_id": "ef70e09c-461e-4cc9-82f4-700067bd715a", "source_id": "ef70e09c-461e-4cc9-82f4-700067bd715a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Procedures for realizing an approximate universal NOT gate", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider procedures to realize an approximate universal NOT gate in terms\nof average fidelity and fidelity deviation. The average fidelity indicates the\noptimality of operation on average, while the fidelity deviation does the\nuniversality of operation. We show that one-qubit operations have a sharp\ntrade-off relation between average fidelity and fidelity deviation, and\ntwo-qubit operations show a looser trade-off relation. The genuine universality\nholds for operations of more than two qubits, and those of even more qubits are\nbeneficial to compensating imperfection of control. In addition, we take into\naccount operational noises which contaminate quantum operation in realistic\ncircumstances. We show that the operation recovers from the contamination by a\nfeedback procedure of differential evolution. Our feedback scheme is also\napplicable to finding an optimal and universal operation of NOT.\n" }, { "id": "e69cbad5-9674-4ce0-bfc5-724c9060b3be", "adv_source_id": "e69cbad5-9674-4ce0-bfc5-724c9060b3be", "source_id": "e69cbad5-9674-4ce0-bfc5-724c9060b3be", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A high-efficiency spin-resolved phototemission spectrometer combining\n time-of-flight spectroscopy with exchange-scattering polarimetry", "prompt": null, "generation": " We describe a spin-resolved electron spectrometer capable of uniquely\nefficient and high energy resolution measurements. Spin analysis is obtained\nthrough polarimetry based on low-energy exchange scattering from a\nferromagnetic thin-film target. This approach can achieve a similar analyzing\npower (Sherman function) as state-of-the-art Mott scattering polarimeters, but\nwith as much as 100 times improved efficiency due to increased reflectivity.\nPerformance is further enhanced by integrating the polarimeter into a\ntime-of-flight (TOF) based energy analysis scheme with a precise and flexible\nelectrostatic lens system. The parallel acquisition of a range of electron\nkinetic energies afforded by the TOF approach results in an order of magnitude\n(or more) increase in efficiency compared to hemispherical analyzers. The lens\nsystem additionally features a 90{\\deg} bandpass filter, which by removing\nunwanted parts of the photoelectron distribution allows the TOF technique to be\nperformed at low electron drift energy and high energy resolution within a wide\nrange of experimental parameters. The spectrometer is ideally suited for\nhigh-resolution spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy\n(spin-ARPES), and initial results are shown. The TOF approach makes the\nspectrometer especially ideal for time-resolved spin-ARPES experiments.\n" }, { "id": "c50f48b9-1cda-4032-979c-79c9d5d8aa89", "adv_source_id": "c50f48b9-1cda-4032-979c-79c9d5d8aa89", "source_id": "c50f48b9-1cda-4032-979c-79c9d5d8aa89", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Semiregular variables with periods lying between the period-luminosity\n sequences C', C and D", "prompt": null, "generation": " We analyze the distribution of semiregular variables and Mira stars in the\nperiod-luminosity plane. Our sample consists of 6169 oxygen-rich long-period\nvariables in the Large Magellanic Cloud included in the OGLE-III Catalog of\nVariable Stars. There are many stars with periods that lie between the well\nknown sequences C and C'. Most of these stars are multi-periodic and the period\nratios suggest that these stars oscillate in the same mode as the sequence C\nstars. Models suggest that this mode is the fundamental radial pulsation mode.\nThe stars with primary periods between sequences C and C' preferentially lie on\nan additional sequence (named F), and a large fraction of these stars also have\nlong secondary periods that lie between sequences C and D. There are also a\nsmall number of stars with primary periods lying between sequences C and D. The\norigin of this long period variability is unknown, as is the cause of sequence\nD variability. In addition, the origin of sequence F is unknown but we\nspeculate that sequence F variability may be excited by the same phenomenon\nthat causes the long secondary periods.\n" }, { "id": "e599910e-8293-4518-8ce5-cf0eda345615", "adv_source_id": "e599910e-8293-4518-8ce5-cf0eda345615", "source_id": "e599910e-8293-4518-8ce5-cf0eda345615", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Models of Type I X-ray Bursts from GS 1826-24: A Probe of rp-Process\n Hydrogen Burning", "prompt": null, "generation": " The X-ray burster GS 1826-24 shows extremely regular Type I X-ray bursts\nwhose energetics and recurrence times agree well with thermonuclear ignition\nmodels. We present calculations of sequences of burst lightcurves using\nmultizone models which follow the rp-process nucleosynthesis with an extensive\nnuclear reaction network. The theoretical and observed burst lightcurves show\nremarkable agreement. The models naturally explain the slow ~5s rise and long\n~100s tails of these bursts, as well as their dependence on mass accretion\nrate. This comparison provides further evidence for solar metallicity in the\naccreted material in this source, and constrains the distance to the source.\nThe main difference is that the observed lightcurves do not show the distinct\ntwo-stage rise of the models. This may reflect the time for burning to spread\nover the stellar surface, or may indicate that our treatment of heat transport\nor nuclear physics needs to be revised. The trends in burst properties with\naccretion rate are well-reproduced by our spherically symmetric models which\ninclude chemical and thermal inertia from the ashes of previous bursts. Changes\nin the covering fraction of the accreted fuel are not required.\n" }, { "id": "e536df95-e6f2-4a00-96d8-3feaaa444eec", "adv_source_id": "e536df95-e6f2-4a00-96d8-3feaaa444eec", "source_id": "e536df95-e6f2-4a00-96d8-3feaaa444eec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A relative isoperimetric inequality for certain warped product spaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " Given a warped product space $\\mathbb{R} \\times_{f} N$ with logarithmically\nconvex warping function $f$, we prove a relative isoperimetric inequality for\nregions bounded between a subset of a vertical fiber and its image under an\nalmost everywhere differentiable mapping in the horizontal direction. In\nparticular, given a $k$--dimensional region $F \\subset \\{b\\} \\times N$, and the\nhorizontal graph $C \\subset \\mathbb{R} \\times_{f} N$ of an almost everywhere\ndifferentiable map over $F$, we prove that the $k$--volume of $C$ is always at\nleast the $k$--volume of the smooth constant height graph over $F$ that traps\nthe same $(1+k)$--volume above $F$ as $C$. We use this to solve a Dido problem\nfor graphs over vertical fibers, and show that, if the warping function is\nunbounded on the set of horizontal values above a vertical fiber, the volume\ntrapped above that fiber by a graph $C$ is no greater than the $k$--volume of\n$C$ times a constant that depends only on the warping function.\n" }, { "id": "dd855346-6985-4860-8aba-c2f59bac8a75", "adv_source_id": "dd855346-6985-4860-8aba-c2f59bac8a75", "source_id": "dd855346-6985-4860-8aba-c2f59bac8a75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Robust recovery of multiple subspaces by geometric l_p minimization", "prompt": null, "generation": " We assume i.i.d. data sampled from a mixture distribution with K components\nalong fixed d-dimensional linear subspaces and an additional outlier component.\nFor p>0, we study the simultaneous recovery of the K fixed subspaces by\nminimizing the l_p-averaged distances of the sampled data points from any K\nsubspaces. Under some conditions, we show that if $01 and p>1, then the\nunderlying subspaces cannot be recovered or even nearly recovered by l_p\nminimization. The results of this paper partially explain the successes and\nfailures of the basic approach of l_p energy minimization for modeling data by\nmultiple subspaces.\n" }, { "id": "2f82c697-46e4-4a8d-8e20-475898528a8e", "adv_source_id": "2f82c697-46e4-4a8d-8e20-475898528a8e", "source_id": "2f82c697-46e4-4a8d-8e20-475898528a8e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "CARMENES. I. A radial-velocity survey for terrestrial planets in the\n habitable zones of M dwarfs. A historical overview", "prompt": null, "generation": " CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with\nNear-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next generation\ninstrument being built for the 3.5-m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory by\na consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. Conducting a five-year\nexoplanet survey targeting 300 M dwarfs with the completed instrument is an\nintegral part of the project. The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate\nechelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 550 to 1700 nm at a\nspectral resolution of R=82,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the\ntelescope. The spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks providing the\ntemperature-stabilized environments necessary to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity\nprecision employing a simultaneous calibration with emission-line lamps.\n" }, { "id": "6fc4cd0b-25f1-4f5a-92b1-856aeb057385", "adv_source_id": "6fc4cd0b-25f1-4f5a-92b1-856aeb057385", "source_id": "6fc4cd0b-25f1-4f5a-92b1-856aeb057385", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Quantitative Games on Probabilistic Timed Automata", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two-player zero-sum games are a well-established model for synthesising\ncontrollers that optimise some performance criterion. In such games one player\nrepresents the controller, while the other describes the (adversarial)\nenvironment, and controller synthesis corresponds to computing the optimal\nstrategies of the controller for a given criterion. Asarin and Maler initiated\nthe study of quantitative games on (non-probabilistic) timed automata by\nsynthesising controllers which optimise the time to reach a final state. The\ncorrectness and termination of their approach was dependent on exploiting the\nproperties of a special class of functions, called simple functions, that can\nbe finitely represented. In this paper we consider quantitative games over\nprobabilistic timed automata. Since the concept of simple functions is not\nsufficient to solve games in this setting, we generalise simple functions to\nso-called quasi-simple functions. Then, using this class of functions, we\ndemonstrate that the problem of solving games with either expected\nreachability-time or expected discounted-time criteria on probabilistic timed\nautomata are in NEXPTIME $\\cap$ co-NEXPTIME.\n" }, { "id": "a9fafd55-adb6-4bf1-9c40-1f6c76ee6b0c", "adv_source_id": "a9fafd55-adb6-4bf1-9c40-1f6c76ee6b0c", "source_id": "a9fafd55-adb6-4bf1-9c40-1f6c76ee6b0c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Quiescent Optical and Infrared Counterpart to EXO 0748-676 = UY Vol", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present optical and infrared photometry of the low-mass X-ray binary EXO\n0748-676 in quiescence for the first time in 24 years since it became X-ray\nactive in 1985. We find the counterpart at average magnitudes of R=22.4 and\nJ=21.3. We monitored the source approximately nightly through 2008 November to\n2009 January. During this time there was considerable night-to-night optical\nvariability but no long term trends were apparent. The night-to-night\nvariability reveals a periodicity of P=0.159331+/-0.000012d, consistent with\nthe X-ray orbital period to within 0.01%. This indicates that the quiescent\noptical modulation is indeed orbital in nature rather than a superhump.\nInterestingly, the modulation remains single-peaked with a deep minimum\ncoincident with the times of X-ray eclipse, and there is no indication of a\ndouble-peaked ellipsoidal modulation. This indicates that even in `quiescence'\nemission from the accretion disk and/or X-ray heated inner face of the\ncompanion star dominate the optical emission, and implies that obtaining an\naccurate dynamical mass estimate in quiescence will be challenging.\n" }, { "id": "3e7c768e-e053-4982-adfc-0de90a16db1b", "adv_source_id": "3e7c768e-e053-4982-adfc-0de90a16db1b", "source_id": "3e7c768e-e053-4982-adfc-0de90a16db1b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Power Spectrum of Turbulence in NGC 1333: Outflows or Large-Scale\n Driving?", "prompt": null, "generation": " Is the turbulence in cluster-forming regions internally driven by stellar\noutflows or the consequence of a large-scale turbulent cascade? We address this\nquestion by studying the turbulent energy spectrum in NGC 1333. Using synthetic\n13CO maps computed with a snapshot of a supersonic turbulence simulation, we\nshow that the VCS method of Lazarian and Pogosyan provides an accurate estimate\nof the turbulent energy spectrum. We then apply this method to the 13CO map of\nNGC 1333 from the COMPLETE database. We find the turbulent energy spectrum is a\npower law, E(k) k^-beta, in the range of scales 0.06 pc < ell < 1.5 pc, with\nslope beta=1.85\\pm 0.04. The estimated energy injection scale of stellar\noutflows in NGC 1333 is ell_inj 0.3 pc, well resolved by the observations.\nThere is no evidence of the flattening of the energy spectrum above the scale\nell_inj predicted by outflow-driven simulations and analytical models. The\npower spectrum of integrated intensity is also a nearly perfect power law in\nthe range of scales 0.16 pc < ell < 7.9 pc, with no feature above ell_inj. We\nconclude that the observed turbulence in NGC 1333 does not appear to be driven\nprimarily by stellar outflows.\n" }, { "id": "c9767067-aaa8-4e1b-b03b-582ffbacd837", "adv_source_id": "c9767067-aaa8-4e1b-b03b-582ffbacd837", "source_id": "c9767067-aaa8-4e1b-b03b-582ffbacd837", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Model of Electrostatic Actuated Deformable Mirror Using Strongly Coupled\n Electro-Mechanical Finite Element", "prompt": null, "generation": " The aim of this paper is to deal with multi-physics simulation of\nmicro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) based on an advanced numerical\nmethodology. MEMS are very small devices in which electric as well as\nmechanical and fluid phenomena appear and interact. Because of their\nmicroscopic scale, strong coupling effects arise between the different physical\nfields, and some forces, which were negligible at macroscopic scale, have to be\ntaken into account. In order to accurately design such micro-electro-mechanical\nsystems, it is of primary importance to be able to handle the strong coupling\nbetween the electric and the mechanical fields. In this paper, the finite\nelement method (FEM) is used to model the strong coupled electro-mechanical\ninteractions and to perform static and transient analyses taking into account\nlarge mesh displacements. These analyses will be used to study the behaviour of\nelectrostatically actuated micro-mirrors.\n" }, { "id": "fe8bedb2-312b-4256-bd4e-0479931c621f", "adv_source_id": "fe8bedb2-312b-4256-bd4e-0479931c621f", "source_id": "fe8bedb2-312b-4256-bd4e-0479931c621f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A law of large numbers for weighted plurality", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider an election between k candidates in which each voter votes randomly\n(but not necessarily independently) and suppose that there is a single\ncandidate that every voter prefers (in the sense that each voter is more likely\nto vote for this special candidate than any other candidate). Suppose we have a\nvoting rule that takes all of the votes and produces a single outcome and\nsuppose that each individual voter has little effect on the outcome of the\nvoting rule. If the voting rule is a weighted plurality, then we show that with\nhigh probability, the preferred candidate will win the election. Conversely, we\nshow that this statement fails for all other reasonable voting rules.\n This result is an extension of H\\\"aggstr\\\"om, Kalai and Mossel, who proved\nthe above in the case k=2.\n" }, { "id": "585c9055-0c3a-46c4-a328-34e8e264419e", "adv_source_id": "585c9055-0c3a-46c4-a328-34e8e264419e", "source_id": "585c9055-0c3a-46c4-a328-34e8e264419e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Diffusion of two molecular species in a crowded environment: theory and\n experiments", "prompt": null, "generation": " Diffusion of a two component fluid is studied in the framework of\ndifferential equations, but where these equations are systematically derived\nfrom a well-defined microscopic model. The model has a finite carrying capacity\nimposed upon it at the mesoscopic level and this is shown to lead to non-linear\ncross diffusion terms that modify the conventional Fickean picture. After\nreviewing the derivation of the model, the experiments carried out to test the\nmodel are described. It is found that it can adequately explain the dynamics of\ntwo dense ink drops simultaneously evolving in a container filled with water.\nThe experiment shows that molecular crowding results in the formation of a\ndynamical barrier that prevents the mixing of the drops. This phenomenon is\nsuccessfully captured by the model. This suggests that the proposed model can\nbe justifiably viewed as a generalization of standard diffusion to a\nmultispecies setting, where crowding and steric interferences are taken into\naccount.\n" }, { "id": "414ea45c-7d58-44d5-bb0b-cfc1e7bb5424", "adv_source_id": "414ea45c-7d58-44d5-bb0b-cfc1e7bb5424", "source_id": "414ea45c-7d58-44d5-bb0b-cfc1e7bb5424", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A discrete, unitary, causal theory of quantum gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " A discrete model of Lorentzian quantum gravity is proposed. The theory is\ncompletely background free, containing no reference to absolute space, time, or\nsimultaneity. The states at one slice of time are networks in which each vertex\nis labelled with two arrows, which point along an adjacent edge, or to the\nvertex itself. The dynamics is specified by a set of unitary replacement rules,\nwhich causally propagate the local degrees of freedom. The inner product\nbetween any two states is given by a sum over histories. Assuming it converges\n(or can be Abel resummed), this inner product is proven to be hermitian and\nfully gauge-degenerate under spacetime diffeomorphisms. At least for states\nwith a finite past, the inner product is also positive. This allows a Hilbert\nspace of physical states to be constructed.\n" }, { "id": "6259c1d0-bd0f-4227-a76c-3554f004cd9a", "adv_source_id": "6259c1d0-bd0f-4227-a76c-3554f004cd9a", "source_id": "6259c1d0-bd0f-4227-a76c-3554f004cd9a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Embedding permutation groups into wreath products in product action", "prompt": null, "generation": " The wreath product of two permutation groups G < Sym(Gamma) and H <\nSym(Delta) can be considered as a permutation group acting on the set Pi of\nfunctions from Delta to Gamma. This action, usually called the product action,\nof a wreath product plays a very important role in the theory of permutation\ngroups, as several classes of primitive or quasiprimitive groups can be\ndescribed as subgroups of such wreath products. In addition, subgroups of\nwreath products in product action arise as automorphism groups of graph\nproducts and codes. In this paper we consider subgroups X of full wreath\nproducts Sym(Gamma) wr Sym(Delta) in product action. Our main result is that,\nin a suitable conjugate of X, the subgroup of Sym(Gamma) induced by a\nstabilizer of a coordinate delta in Delta only depends on the orbit of delta\nunder the induced action of X on Delta. Hence, if the action of X on Delta is\ntransitive, then X can be embedded into a much smaller wreath product. Further,\nif this X-action is intransitive, then X can be embedded into a direct product\nof such wreath products where the factors of the direct product correspond to\nthe X-orbits in Delta. We offer an application of the main theorems to\nerror-correcting codes in Hamming graphs.\n" }, { "id": "d7447633-6aac-467b-a67c-f5e8cd32be75", "adv_source_id": "d7447633-6aac-467b-a67c-f5e8cd32be75", "source_id": "d7447633-6aac-467b-a67c-f5e8cd32be75", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On regular groups and fields", "prompt": null, "generation": " Regular groups and fields are common generalizations of minimal and\nquasi-minimal groups and fields, so the conjectures that minimal or\nquasi-minimal fields are algebraically closed have their common generalization\nto the conjecture that each regular field is algebraically closed. Standard\narguments show that a generically stable regular field is algebraically closed.\nLet $K$ be a regular field which is not generically stable and let $p$ be its\nglobal generic type. We observe that if $K$ has a finite extension $L$ of\ndegree $n$, then $p^{(n)}$ has unbounded orbit under the action of the\nmultiplicative group of $L$.\n Known to be true in the minimal context, it remains wide open whether\nregular, or even quasi-minimal, groups are abelian. We show that if it is not\nthe case, then there is a counter-example with a unique non-trivial conjugacy\nclass, and we notice that a classical group with one non-trivial conjugacy\nclass is not quasi-minimal, because the centralizers of all elements are\nuncountable. Then we construct a group of cardinality $\\omega_1$ with only one\nnon-trivial conjugacy class and such that the centralizers of all non-trivial\nelements are countable.\n" }, { "id": "a443d062-1705-4c91-adc3-0f0806a9cd08", "adv_source_id": "a443d062-1705-4c91-adc3-0f0806a9cd08", "source_id": "a443d062-1705-4c91-adc3-0f0806a9cd08", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Homophonic Coding Design for Communication Systems Employing the\n Encoding-Encryption Paradigm", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper addresses the design of a dedicated homophonic coding for a class\nof communication systems which, in order to provide both reliability and\nsecurity, first encode the data before encrypting it, which is referred to as\nthe encoding-encryption paradigm. The considered systems employ\nerror-correction coding for reliability, a stream cipher for encryption, and\nhomophonic coding to enhance the protection of the key used in the stream\ncipher, on which relies the security of all the system transmissions. This\npaper presents a security evaluation of such systems from a computational\ncomplexity point of view, which serves as a source for establishing dedicated\nhomophonic code design criteria. The security evaluation shows that the\ncomputational complexity of recovering the secret key, given all the\ninformation an attacker could gather during passive attacks he can mount, is\nlower bounded by the complexity of the related LPN (Learning Parity in Noise)\nproblem in both the average and worst case. This gives guidelines to construct\na dedicated homophonic encoder which maximizes the complexity of the underlying\nLPN problem for a given encoding overhead. Finally, this paper proposes a\ngeneric homophonic coding strategy that fulfills the proposed design criteria\nand thus both enhances security while minimizing the induced overhead.\n" }, { "id": "11227f44-2208-4176-8b99-b8eaa056c269", "adv_source_id": "11227f44-2208-4176-8b99-b8eaa056c269", "source_id": "11227f44-2208-4176-8b99-b8eaa056c269", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Forced turbulence in thermally bistable gas: A parameter study", "prompt": null, "generation": " Context: The thermal instability is one of the dynamical agents for\nturbulence in the diffuse interstellar medium, where both, turbulence and\nthermal instability interact in a highly non-linear manner. Aims: We study\nbasic properties of turbulence in thermally bistable gas for variable\nsimulation parameters. The resulting cold gas fractions can be applied as\nparameterisation in simulations on galactic scales. Methods: Turbulent flow is\ninduced on large scales by means of compressive stochastic forcing in a\nperiodic box. The compressible Euler equations with constant UV heating and a\nparameterised cooling function are solved on uniform grids. We investigate\nseveral values of the mean density of the gas and different magnitudes of the\nforcing. For comparison with other numerical studies, solenoidal forcing is\napplied as well. Results: After a transient phase, we observe that a state of\nstatistically stationary turbulence is approached. Compressive forcing\ngenerally produces a two-phase medium, with a decreasing fraction of cold gas\nfor increasing forcing strength. This behaviour can be explained on the basis\nof turbulent mixing. We also find indications for power-law tails of\nprobability density functions of the gas density. Solenoidal forcing, on the\nother hand, appears to prevent the evolution into a two-phase-medium for\ncertain parameter regions. Conclusions: The dynamics of thermally bistable\nturbulence shows a substantial sensitivity on the initial state and the forcing\nproperties.\n" }, { "id": "89575779-c8b3-494e-96a8-0e851ee0aea8", "adv_source_id": "89575779-c8b3-494e-96a8-0e851ee0aea8", "source_id": "89575779-c8b3-494e-96a8-0e851ee0aea8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Triple Higgs boson production at the ILC within a generic\n Two-Higgs-Doublet Model", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present a study of triple Higgs boson (3H) production at the International\nLinear Collider (ILC) within the general Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM). We\ncompute the production cross-sections at the leading-order for the 3H final\nstates and find values up to sigma ~ 0.1 pb. This result represents a large\nenhancement with respect to the corresponding MSSM cross-sections, which stay\ntypically at the level of sigma ~ 10^(-6) pb or less. Furthermore, since the 3H\ncross-sections in the general 2HDM can be of the order of the double Higgs\nproduction cross-sections, such 3H processes could be a competitive (if not the\ndominant) mechanism for Higgs boson production at the ILC. In practice, these\n3H events could be identified through the tagging of 6 heavy-quark jet final\nstates and, in this case, they would provide strong evidence of an extended\nHiggs boson sector -- likely of non-supersymmetric nature.\n" }, { "id": "3b4a62e9-9a04-42f3-917a-32e614575c16", "adv_source_id": "3b4a62e9-9a04-42f3-917a-32e614575c16", "source_id": "3b4a62e9-9a04-42f3-917a-32e614575c16", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Perfect Metamaterial Absorber", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the design for an absorbing metamaterial element with near unity\nabsorbance. Our structure consists of two metamaterial resonators that couple\nseparately to electric and magnetic fields so as to absorb all incident\nradiation within a single unit cell layer. We fabricate, characterize, and\nanalyze a metamaterial absorber with a slightly lower predicted absorbance of\n96%. This achieves a simulated full width at half maximum (FWHM) absorbance of\n4% thus making this material ideal for imaging purposes. Unlike conventional\nabsorbers, our metamaterial consists solely of metallic elements. The\nunderlying substrate can therefore be chosen independently of the substrate's\nabsorptive qualities and optimized for other parameters of interest. We detail\nthe design and simulation process that led to our metamaterial, and our\nexperiments demonstrate a peak absorbance greater than 88% at 11.5 GHz.\n" }, { "id": "4e86e682-3a18-47c4-8ff8-74bc1d008af6", "adv_source_id": "4e86e682-3a18-47c4-8ff8-74bc1d008af6", "source_id": "4e86e682-3a18-47c4-8ff8-74bc1d008af6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The A2667 Giant Arc at z=1.03: Evidence for Large-scale Shocks at High\n Redshift", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present the spatially resolved emission line ratio properties of a ~10^10\nM_sun star-forming galaxy at redshift z=1.03. This galaxy is gravitationally\nlensed as a triple-image giant arc behind the massive lensing cluster Abell\n2667. The main image of the galaxy has magnification factors of 14+/-2.1 in\nflux and ~ 2 by 7 in area, yielding an intrinsic spatial resolution of 115-405\npc after AO correction with OSIRIS at KECK II. The HST morphology shows a\nclumpy structure and the H\\alpha\\ kinematics indicates a large velocity\ndispersion with V_{max} sin(i)/\\sigma ~ 0.73, consistent with high redshift\ndisk galaxies of similar masses. From the [NII]/H\\alpha\\ line ratios, we find\nthat the central 350 parsec of the galaxy is dominated by star formation. The\n[NII]/H\\alpha\\ line ratios are higher in the outer-disk than in the central\nregions. Most noticeably, we find a blue-shifted region of strong\n[NII]/H\\alpha\\ emission in the outer disk. Applying our recent HII region and\nslow-shock models, we propose that this elevated [NII]/H\\alpha\\ ratio region is\ncontaminated by a significant fraction of shock excitation due to galactic\noutflows. Our analysis suggests that shocked regions may mimic flat or inverted\nmetallicity gradients at high redshift.\n" }, { "id": "c54f4fbe-eddd-4978-9111-ce152f60009f", "adv_source_id": "c54f4fbe-eddd-4978-9111-ce152f60009f", "source_id": "c54f4fbe-eddd-4978-9111-ce152f60009f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the selection of subaction and measure for a subclass of potentials\n defined by P. Walters", "prompt": null, "generation": " Suppose $\\sigma$ is the shift acting on Bernoulli space\n$X=\\{0,1\\}^\\mathbb{N}$, and, consider a fixed function $f:X \\to \\mathbb{R}$,\nunder the Waters's conditions (defined in a paper in ETDS 2007). For each real\nvalue $t\\geq 0$ we consider the Ruelle Operator $L_{tf}$. We are interested in\nthe main eigenfunction $h_t$ of $L_{tf}$, and, the main eigenmeasure $\\nu_t$,\nfor the dual operator $L_{tf}^*$, which we consider normalized in such way\n$h_t(0^\\infty)=1$, and, $\\int h_t \\,d\\,\\nu_t=1, \\forall t>0$. We denote $\\mu_t=\nh_t \\nu_t$ the Gibbs state for the potential $t\\, f$. By selection of a\nsubaction $V$, when the temperature goes to zero (or, $t\\to \\infty$), we mean\nthe existence of the limit $$V:=\\lim_{t\\to\\infty}\\frac{1}{t}\\log(h_{t}).$$\n By selection of a measure $\\mu$, when the temperature goes to zero (or, $t\\to\n\\infty$), we mean the existence of the limit (in the weak$^*$ sense)\n$$\\mu:=\\lim_{t\\to\\infty} \\mu_t.$$\n We present a large family of non-trivial examples of $f$ where the selection\nof measure exists. These $f$ belong to a sub-class of potentials introduced by\nP. Walters. In this case, explicit expressions for the selected $V$ can be\nobtained for a certain large family of potentials.\n" }, { "id": "8ed0c921-0fc0-477c-903b-557e8b10cf79", "adv_source_id": "8ed0c921-0fc0-477c-903b-557e8b10cf79", "source_id": "8ed0c921-0fc0-477c-903b-557e8b10cf79", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Entropic corrections to Newton's law", "prompt": null, "generation": " It has been known for some time that there is a deep connection between\nthermodynamics and gravity, with perhaps the most dramatic implication that the\nEinstein equations can be viewed as a thermodynamic equation of state. Recently\nVerlinde has proposed a model for gravity with a simple statistical mechanical\ninterpretation that is applicable in the non-relatvistic regime. After\ncritically analyzing the construction, we present a strong consistency check of\nthe model. Specifically, we consider two well-motivated corrections to the\narea-entropy relation, the log correction and the volume correction, and follow\nVerlinde's construction to derive corrections to Newton's law of gravitation.\nWe show that the deviations from Newton's law stemming from the log correction\nhave the same form as the lowest order quantum effects of perturbative quantum\ngravity, and the deviations stemming from the volume correction have the same\nform as some modified Newtonian gravity models designed to explain the\nanomalous galactic rotation curves.\n" }, { "id": "4af6df12-6720-4858-be49-13d6c6981949", "adv_source_id": "4af6df12-6720-4858-be49-13d6c6981949", "source_id": "4af6df12-6720-4858-be49-13d6c6981949", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Diffusive Strategic Dynamics for Social Systems", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a model for the dynamics of a social system, which includes\ndiffusive effects and a biased rule for spin-flips, reproducing the effect of\nstrategic choices. This model is able to mimic some phenomena taking place\nduring marketing or political campaigns. Using a cost function based on the\nIsing model defined on the typical quenched interaction environments for social\nsystems (Erdos-Renyi graph, small-world and scale-free networks), we find, by\nnumerical simulations, that a stable stationary state is reached, and we\ncompare the final state to the one obtained with standard dynamics, by means of\ntotal magnetization and magnetic susceptibility. Our results show that the\ndiffusive strategic dynamics features a critical interaction parameter strictly\nlower than the standard one. We discuss the relevance of our findings in social\nsystems.\n" }, { "id": "2c1b6b53-2444-4959-a49d-d0748d10e7c9", "adv_source_id": "2c1b6b53-2444-4959-a49d-d0748d10e7c9", "source_id": "2c1b6b53-2444-4959-a49d-d0748d10e7c9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Sortable elements in infinite Coxeter groups", "prompt": null, "generation": " In a series of previous papers, we studied sortable elements in finite\nCoxeter groups, and the related Cambrian fans. We applied sortable elements and\nCambrian fans to the study of cluster algebras of finite type and the\nnoncrossing partitions associated to Artin groups of finite type. In this\npaper, as the first step towards expanding these applications beyond finite\ntype, we study sortable elements in a general Coxeter group W. We supply\nuniform arguments which transform all previous finite-type proofs into uniform\nproofs (rather than type by type proofs), generalize many of the finite-type\nresults and prove new and more refined results. The key tools in our proofs\ninclude a skew-symmetric form related to (a generalization of) the Euler form\nof quiver theory and the projection \\pidown^c mapping each element of W to the\nunique maximal c-sortable element below it in the weak order. The fibers of\n\\pidown^c essentially define the c-Cambrian fan. The most fundamental results\nare, first, a precise statement of how sortable elements transform under (BGP)\nreflection functors and second, a precise description of the fibers of\n\\pidown^c. These fundamental results and others lead to further results on the\nlattice theory and geometry of Cambrian (semi)lattices and Cambrian fans.\n" }, { "id": "7aa0572d-4943-45eb-9e17-32105451ef4d", "adv_source_id": "7aa0572d-4943-45eb-9e17-32105451ef4d", "source_id": "7aa0572d-4943-45eb-9e17-32105451ef4d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of a Rare Supersoft Outburst Event during a Suzaku Observation\n of 1E0102.2-7219", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the detection of a transient X-ray source toward the Small\nMagellanic Cloud (SMC) using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) onboard the\nSuzaku telescope. The source was detected at the edge of the XIS image during a\nroutine observation of the calibration source 1E 0102.2-7219, a supernova\nremnant in the SMC. We constrained the source position using ray-tracing\nsimulations. No such transient source was found at the position in the other\nSuzaku observations nor in all the available archived images of other X-ray\nmissions for the last ~28 years. The XIS spectrum can be explained by a single\nblackbody with a temperature of ~72 eV, and an interstellar extinction of\n~4.9x10^{20} H atoms cm^{-2} consistent with the value to the SMC. An\nadditional absorption edge at ~0.74 keV was also confirmed, which is presumably\ndue to the absorption by helium-like oxygen ions. Assuming that the source is\nat the distance of the SMC, the X-ray luminosity in the 0.2-2.0 keV band is\n~10^{37} erg s^{-1} and the radius of the source is ~10^{8} cm. The XIS light\ncurve shows about a two-fold decline in X-ray flux during the 24 ks\nobservation. Together with the archived data, the X-ray flux in the burst is at\nleast three orders of magnitude brighter than the undetected quiescent level.\nAll these properties are often seen among supersoft sources (SSSs). We conclude\nthat the transient source is another example of SSS in the SMC.\n" }, { "id": "b507b48a-dfce-4dff-8417-cac142eaa94c", "adv_source_id": "b507b48a-dfce-4dff-8417-cac142eaa94c", "source_id": "b507b48a-dfce-4dff-8417-cac142eaa94c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Sobolev and isoperimetric inequalities with monomial weights", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the monomial weight $|x_1|^{A_1}...|x_n|^{A_n}$ in $\\mathbb R^n$,\nwhere $A_i\\geq0$ is a real number for each $i=1,...,n$, and establish Sobolev,\nisoperimetric, Morrey, and Trudinger inequalities involving this weight. They\nare the analogue of the classical ones with the Lebesgue measure $dx$ replaced\nby $|x_1|^{A_1}...|x_n|^{A_n}dx$, and they contain the best or critical\nexponent (which depends on $A_1$, ..., $A_n$). More importantly, for the\nSobolev and isoperimetric inequalities, we obtain the best constant and\nextremal functions.\n When $A_i$ are nonnegative \\textit{integers}, these inequalities are exactly\nthe classical ones in the Euclidean space $\\mathbb R^D$ (with no weight) when\nwritten for axially symmetric functions and domains in $\\mathbb R^D=\\mathbb\nR^{A_1+1}\\times...\\times\\mathbb R^{A_n+1}$.\n" }, { "id": "1164653a-5ecf-483b-9e82-c0d654a2bdc8", "adv_source_id": "1164653a-5ecf-483b-9e82-c0d654a2bdc8", "source_id": "1164653a-5ecf-483b-9e82-c0d654a2bdc8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Linear Optimization over a Polymatroid with Side Constraints --\n Scheduling Queues and Minimizing Submodular Functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Two seemingly unrelated problems, scheduling a multiclass queueing system and\nminimizing a submodular function, share a rather deep connection via the\npolymatroid that is characterized by a submodular set function on the one hand\nand represents the performance polytope of the queueing system on the other\nhand. We first develop what we call a {\\it grouping} algorithm that solves the\nqueueing scheduling problem under side constraints, with a computational effort\nof $O(n^3LP(n))$, $n$ being the number of job classes, and LP(n) being the\ncomputational efforts of solving a linear program with no more than $n$\nvariables and $n$ constraints. The algorithm organizes the job classes into\ngroups, and identifies the optimal policy to be a priority rule across the\ngroups and a randomized rule within each group (to enforce the side\nconstraints). We then apply the grouping algorithm to the submodular function\nminimization, mapping the latter to a queueing scheduling problem with side\nconstraints. %Each time the algorithm is applied, it identifies a subset; and\nWe show the minimizing subset can be identified by applying the grouping\nalgorithm $n$ times. Hence, this results in a algorithm that minimizes a\nsubmodular function with an effort of $O(n^4LP(n))$.\n" }, { "id": "365e1048-73a6-4a62-b831-2e3713714aa2", "adv_source_id": "365e1048-73a6-4a62-b831-2e3713714aa2", "source_id": "365e1048-73a6-4a62-b831-2e3713714aa2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Extreme TeV blazars and the intergalactic magnetic field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the four BL Lac objects (RGB J0152+017, 1ES 0229+200, 1ES 0347-121\nand PKS 0548-322) detected in the TeV band but not present in the 1FGL\ncatalogue of the Fermi/Large Area Telescope. We analize the 24 months of LAT\ndata deriving gamma-ray fluxes or upper limits that we use to assemble their\nspectral energy distributions (SED). We model the SEDs with a standard one-zone\nleptonic model, also including the contribution of the reprocessed radiation in\nthe multi GeV band, emitted by the pairs produced through the conversion of the\nprimary TeV emission by interaction with the cosmic optical-IR background. For\nsimplicity, in the calculation of this component we adopt an analytical\napproach including some simplifying assumptions, in particular i) the blazar\nhigh energy emission is considered on average stable over times of the order of\n10^7 years and ii) the observer is exactly on-axis. We compare the physical\nparameters derived by the emission model with those of other high-energy\nemitting BL Lacs, confirming that TeV BL Lacs with a rather small GeV flux are\ncharacterized by extremely low values of the magnetic field and large values of\nthe electron energies. The comparison between the flux in the GeV band and that\nexpected from the reprocessed TeV emission allows us to confirm and strengthen\nthe lower limit of B >10^{-15} G for the intergalactic magnetic field using a\ntheoretically motivated spectrum for the primary high-energy photons.\n" }, { "id": "c919edb6-9f01-4ca5-bac5-6f96c60894d2", "adv_source_id": "c919edb6-9f01-4ca5-bac5-6f96c60894d2", "source_id": "c919edb6-9f01-4ca5-bac5-6f96c60894d2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Measurement of the ac conductivity of a niobium single crystal in a\n swept magnetic field", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report results of experimental studies of ac susceptibility of Nb single\ncrystal at low frequencies in swept magnetic fields applied parallel to the\nsurface. Analysis of the experimental data shows that the swept magnetic field\nsignificantly changes the vortex conductivity in the bulk. It becomes\ndissipative with unexpected large frequency dispersion. At the surface, one\nobserves a layer with enhanced conductivity in comparison to the bulk. This\nlayer provides a considerably large contribution to the shielding and\nabsorption of an ac field even in dc fields below $H_{c2}$. We have also\ndemonstrated that the swept magnetic field apparently affects an ac response of\nthe surface superconducting states.\n" }, { "id": "aea1fd48-59c4-4a74-ab25-a1543436cf5c", "adv_source_id": "aea1fd48-59c4-4a74-ab25-a1543436cf5c", "source_id": "aea1fd48-59c4-4a74-ab25-a1543436cf5c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Anomalous elasticity in nematic and smectic elastomer tubule", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study anomalous elasticity in the tubule phases of nematic and smectic\nelastomer membranes, which are flat in one direction and crumpled in another.\nThese phases share the same macroscopic symmetry properties including\nspontaneously-broken in-plane isotropy and hence belong to the same\nuniversality class. Below an upper critical value $D_c =3$ of the membranes'\nintrinsic dimension D, thermal fluctuations renormalize the elasticity with\nrespect to elastic displacements along the tubule axis so that elastic moduli\nfor compression along the tubule axis and for bending the tubule axis become\nlength-scale dependent. This anomalous elasticity belongs to the same\nuniversality class as that of d-dimensional conventional smectics with D taking\non the role of d. For physical tubule, D=2, this anomaly is of power-law type\nand thus might by easier to detect experimentally than the logarithmic anomaly\nin conventional smectics.\n" }, { "id": "921586ad-f116-49ba-8009-123e06b09b4b", "adv_source_id": "921586ad-f116-49ba-8009-123e06b09b4b", "source_id": "921586ad-f116-49ba-8009-123e06b09b4b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pertinent Information retrieval based on Possibilistic Bayesian network\n : origin and possibilistic perspective", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this paper we present a synthesis of work performed on tow information\nretrieval models: Bayesian network information retrieval model witch encode\n(in) dependence relation between terms and possibilistic network information\nretrieval model witch make use of necessity and possibility measures to\nrepresent the fuzziness of pertinence measure. It is known that the use of a\ngeneral Bayesian network methodology as the basis for an IR system is difficult\nto tackle. The problem mainly appears because of the large number of variables\ninvolved and the computational efforts needed to both determine the\nrelationships between variables and perform the inference processes. To resolve\nthese problems, many models have been proposed such as BNR model. Generally,\nBayesian network models doesn't consider the fuzziness of natural language in\nthe relevance measure of a document to a given query and possibilistic models\ndoesn't undertake the dependence relations between terms used to index\ndocuments. As a first solution we propose a hybridization of these two models\nin one that will undertake both the relationship between terms and the\nintrinsic fuzziness of natural language. We believe that the translation of\nBayesian network model from the probabilistic framework to possibilistic one\nwill allow a performance improvement of BNRM.\n" }, { "id": "c7eec208-2f0c-4662-9bf1-997ef23d96f2", "adv_source_id": "c7eec208-2f0c-4662-9bf1-997ef23d96f2", "source_id": "c7eec208-2f0c-4662-9bf1-997ef23d96f2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Optimal Scheduling for Fair Resource Allocation in Ad Hoc Networks with\n Elastic and Inelastic Traffic", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper studies the problem of congestion control and scheduling in ad hoc\nwireless networks that have to support a mixture of best-effort and real-time\ntraffic. Optimization and stochastic network theory have been successful in\ndesigning architectures for fair resource allocation to meet long-term\nthroughput demands. However, to the best of our knowledge, strict packet delay\ndeadlines were not considered in this framework previously. In this paper, we\npropose a model for incorporating the quality of service (QoS) requirements of\npackets with deadlines in the optimization framework. The solution to the\nproblem results in a joint congestion control and scheduling algorithm which\nfairly allocates resources to meet the fairness objectives of both elastic and\ninelastic flows, and per-packet delay requirements of inelastic flows.\n" }, { "id": "ebc499b6-5214-4baf-b8a9-7843b99a3aca", "adv_source_id": "ebc499b6-5214-4baf-b8a9-7843b99a3aca", "source_id": "ebc499b6-5214-4baf-b8a9-7843b99a3aca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Galaxy Formation Spanning Cosmic History", "prompt": null, "generation": " Over the past several decades, galaxy formation theory has met with\nsignificant successes. In order to test current theories thoroughly we require\npredictions for as yet unprobed regimes. To this end, we describe a new\nimplementation of the Galform semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. Our\nmotivation is the success of the model described by Bower et al. in explaining\nmany aspects of galaxy formation. Despite this success, the Bower et al. model\nfails to match some observational constraints and certain aspects of its\nphysical implementation are not as realistic as we would like. The model\ndescribed in this work includes substantially updated physics, taking into\naccount developments in our understanding over the past decade, and removes\ncertain limiting assumptions made by this (and most other) semi-analytic\nmodels. This allows it to be exploited reliably in high-redshift and low mass\nregimes. Furthermore, we have performed an exhaustive search of model parameter\nspace to find a particular set of model parameters which produce results in\ngood agreement with a wide range of observational data (luminosity functions,\ngalaxy sizes and dynamics, clustering, colours, metal content) over a wide\nrange of redshifts. This model represents a solid basis on which to perform\ncalculations of galaxy formation in as yet unprobed regimes.\n" }, { "id": "f3a23cb0-9870-4b6d-a883-8fa48acc71db", "adv_source_id": "f3a23cb0-9870-4b6d-a883-8fa48acc71db", "source_id": "f3a23cb0-9870-4b6d-a883-8fa48acc71db", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Iterative Hard Thresholding for Compressed Sensing", "prompt": null, "generation": " Compressed sensing is a technique to sample compressible signals below the\nNyquist rate, whilst still allowing near optimal reconstruction of the signal.\nIn this paper we present a theoretical analysis of the iterative hard\nthresholding algorithm when applied to the compressed sensing recovery problem.\nWe show that the algorithm has the following properties (made more precise in\nthe main text of the paper)\n - It gives near-optimal error guarantees.\n - It is robust to observation noise.\n - It succeeds with a minimum number of observations.\n - It can be used with any sampling operator for which the operator and its\nadjoint can be computed.\n - The memory requirement is linear in the problem size.\n - Its computational complexity per iteration is of the same order as the\napplication of the measurement operator or its adjoint.\n - It requires a fixed number of iterations depending only on the logarithm of\na form of signal to noise ratio of the signal.\n - Its performance guarantees are uniform in that they only depend on\nproperties of the sampling operator and signal sparsity.\n" }, { "id": "ae8e1766-db68-45d1-8cf1-34a66ee85af1", "adv_source_id": "ae8e1766-db68-45d1-8cf1-34a66ee85af1", "source_id": "ae8e1766-db68-45d1-8cf1-34a66ee85af1", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Potential theory of infinite dimensional L\\'evy processes", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the potential theory of a large class of infinite dimensional L\\'evy\nprocesses, including Brownian motion on abstract Wiener spaces. The key result\nis the construction of compact Lyapunov functions, i.e. excessive functions\nwith compact level sets. Then many techniques from classical potential theory\ncarry over to this infinite dimensional setting. Thus a number of potential\ntheoretic properties and principles can be proved, answering long standing open\nproblems even for the Brownian motion on abstract Wiener space, as e.g.\nformulated by R. Carmona in 1980. In particular, we prove the analog of the\nknown result, that the Cameron-Martin space is polar, in the L\\'evy case and\napply the technique of controlled convergence to solve the Dirichlet problem\nwith general (not necessarily continuous) boundary data.\n" }, { "id": "f3eebc9c-ce4b-49d9-8a2c-f26e924e37e7", "adv_source_id": "f3eebc9c-ce4b-49d9-8a2c-f26e924e37e7", "source_id": "f3eebc9c-ce4b-49d9-8a2c-f26e924e37e7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Current Density Functional Theory for one-dimensional fermions", "prompt": null, "generation": " The frequency-dependent response of a one-dimensional fermion system is\ninvestigated using Current Density Functional Theory (CDFT) within the local\napproximation (LDA). DFT-LDA, and in particular CDFT-LDA, reproduces very well\nthe dispersion of the collective excitations. Unsurprisingly, however, the\napproximation fails for details of the dynamic response for large wavevectors.\nIn particular, we introduce CDFT for the one-dimensional spinless fermion model\nwith nearest-neighbor interaction, and use CDFT-LDA plus exact (Bethe ansatz)\nresults for the groundstate energy as function of particle density and boundary\nphase to determine the linear response. The successes and failures of this\napproach are discussed in detail.\n" }, { "id": "23bfaaf8-c519-4101-b1ee-b4ee00d08741", "adv_source_id": "23bfaaf8-c519-4101-b1ee-b4ee00d08741", "source_id": "23bfaaf8-c519-4101-b1ee-b4ee00d08741", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Experimental and Physics Prospects at ATLAS and CMS - 2011 and Beyond", "prompt": null, "generation": " The ATLAS and CMS experiments have collected data at the CERN Large Hadron\nCollider (LHC) since December 2009, and with a collision energy \\sprts=7 TeV\nsince March 2010. Both detectors work remarkably well at this early stage of\noperation, and several physics analyses have already been published. It is\ncurrently expected that an integrated luminosity of ~1 fb-1 will be collected\nbefore a 15 month shutdown from early 2012, and that up to 10 (100) fb-1 will\nbe collected at a collision energy at or near \\sqrts=14 Tev by the end of 2013\n(2016). Taking account of the outstanding Tevatron results obtained so far, a\nperspective is given of key physics measurements using data at the end of 2011\nand beyond.\n" }, { "id": "9154507d-ae55-4782-83e2-899d03a8e40f", "adv_source_id": "9154507d-ae55-4782-83e2-899d03a8e40f", "source_id": "9154507d-ae55-4782-83e2-899d03a8e40f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Discovery of magnetic fields in the very young, massive stars W601 (NGC\n 6611) and OI 201 (NGC 2244)", "prompt": null, "generation": " Context: Recent spectropolarimetric observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars have\nyielded new arguments in favour of a fossil origin for the magnetic fields of\nintermediate mass stars. Aims: To study the evolution of these magnetic fields,\nand their impact on the evolution of the angular momentum of these stars during\nthe pre-main sequence phase, we observed Herbig Ae/Be members of young open\nclusters of various ages. Methods: We obtained high-resolution\nspectropolarimetric observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars belonging to the young\nopen clusters NGC 6611 (< 6 Myr), NGC 2244 (~1.9 Myr), and NGC 2264 (~8 Myr),\nusing ESPaDOnS at theCanada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Results: Here we report\nthe discovery of strong magnetic fields in two massive pre-main sequence\ncluster stars. We detected, for the first time, a magnetic field in a pre-main\nsequence rapid rotator: the 10.2 Msun Herbig B1.5e star W601 (NGC 6611; v sin i\n~ 190 km/s). Our spectropolarimetric observations yield a longitudinal magnetic\nfield larger than 1 kG, and imply a rotational period shorter than 1.7 days.\nThe spectrum of this very young object (age ~ 0.017 Myr) shows strong and\nvariable lines of He and Si. We also detected a magnetic field in the 12.1 Msun\nB1 star OI 201 (NGC 2244; v sin i = 23.5 km/s). The Stokes V profile of this\nstar does not vary over 5 days, suggesting a long rotational period, a pole-on\norientation, or aligned magnetic and rotation axes. OI 201 is situtated near\nthe Zero-Age Main Sequence on the HR diagram, and exhibits normal chemical\nabundances and no spectrum variability.\n" }, { "id": "45b22216-5be1-430f-9e87-48e2c071a9d5", "adv_source_id": "45b22216-5be1-430f-9e87-48e2c071a9d5", "source_id": "45b22216-5be1-430f-9e87-48e2c071a9d5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Kinematics of flows on curved, deformable media", "prompt": null, "generation": " In this article, we first investigate the kinematics of specific geodesic\nflows on two dimensional media with constant curvature, by explicitly solving\nthe evolution (Raychaudhuri) equations for the expansion, shear and rotation\nalong the flows. We point out the existence of singular (within a finite value\nof the time parameter) and non-singular solutions and illustrate our results\nthrough a `phase' diagram. This diagram demonstrates under which initial\nconditions (or combinations thereof) we end up with a singularity in the\ncongruence and when, if at all, we encounter non--singular solutions for the\nkinematic variables. Our analysis illustrates the differences which arise due\nto a positive or negative value of the curvature. Subsequently, we move on to\ngeodesic flows on two dimensional spaces with varying curvature. As an example,\nwe discuss flows on a torus, where interesting oscillatory features of the\nexpansion, shear and rotation emerge, which are found to depend on the ratio of\nthe radii of the torus. The singular (within a finite time)/non--singular\nnature of the solutions are also discussed. Finally, we arrive at some general\nstatements and point out similarities or dissimilarities that arise in\ncomparison to our earlier work on media in flat space.\n" }, { "id": "1ef2e592-8476-40e2-8104-3891cb1093ee", "adv_source_id": "1ef2e592-8476-40e2-8104-3891cb1093ee", "source_id": "1ef2e592-8476-40e2-8104-3891cb1093ee", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Waves in the chromosphere: observations", "prompt": null, "generation": " I review the literature on observational aspects of waves in the solar\nchromosphere in the first part of this contribution. High-frequency waves are\ninvoked to build elaborate cool-star chromosphere heating theories but have not\nbeen detected decisively so far, neither as magnetic modes in network elements\nnor as acoustic modes in below-the-canopy internetwork regions. Three-minute\nupward-propagating acoustic shocks are thoroughly established through numerical\nsimulation as the cause of intermittent bright internetwork grains, but their\npistoning and their role in the low-chromosphere energy budget remain in\ndebate. Three-minute wave interaction with magnetic canopies is a newer\ninterest, presently progressing through numerical simulation. Three-minute\numbral flashes and running penumbral waves seem a similar acoustic-shock\nphenomenon awaiting numerical simulation. The low-frequency network Doppler\nmodulation remains enigmatic. In the second part, I address low-frequency\nultraviolet brightness variations of the internetwork chromosphere in more\ndetail. They contribute about half of the internetwork brightness modulation\nand presumably figure in cool-star basal flux. They appear to be a mixture of\ninverse-contrast granular overshoot at small scales and gravity-wave\ninterference at mesogranular scales. I present TRACE evidence for the latter\ninterpretation, and speculate that the low-frequency brightness minima map\ncanopy heights.\n" }, { "id": "86ef2b0b-f9fe-4391-86f8-221051f79282", "adv_source_id": "86ef2b0b-f9fe-4391-86f8-221051f79282", "source_id": "86ef2b0b-f9fe-4391-86f8-221051f79282", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Repulsive Mixtures", "prompt": null, "generation": " Discrete mixture models are routinely used for density estimation and\nclustering. While conducting inferences on the cluster-specific parameters,\ncurrent frequentist and Bayesian methods often encounter problems when clusters\nare placed too close together to be scientifically meaningful. Current Bayesian\npractice generates component-specific parameters independently from a common\nprior, which tends to favor similar components and often leads to substantial\nprobability assigned to redundant components that are not needed to fit the\ndata. As an alternative, we propose to generate components from a repulsive\nprocess, which leads to fewer, better separated and more interpretable\nclusters. We characterize this repulsive prior theoretically and propose a\nMarkov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm for posterior computation. The\nmethods are illustrated using simulated data as well as real datasets.\n" }, { "id": "ef57e488-e3c4-46af-9a7e-a3db9485220e", "adv_source_id": "ef57e488-e3c4-46af-9a7e-a3db9485220e", "source_id": "ef57e488-e3c4-46af-9a7e-a3db9485220e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Delayed X-ray emission from fallback in compact-object mergers", "prompt": null, "generation": " When double neutron star or neutron star-black hole binaries merge, the final\nremnant may comprise a central solar-mass black hole surrounded by a 0.01-0.1\nsolar masses torus. The subsequent evolution of this disc may be responsible\nfor short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). A comparable amount of mass is ejected into\neccentric orbits and will eventually fall back to the merger site after\napproximately 0.01 seconds. In this Paper, we investigate analytically the fate\nof the fallback matter, which may provide a luminous signal long after the disc\nis exhausted. We find that matter in the eccentric tail returns at a\nsuper-Eddington rate and is eventually (0.1 sec) unable to cool via neutrino\nemission and accrete all the way to the black hole. Therefore, contrary to\nprevious claims, our analysis suggests that fallback matter is not an efficient\nsource of late time accretion power and is unlikely to cause the late flaring\nactivity observed in SGRB afterglows. The fallback matter rather forms a\nradiation-driven wind or a bound atmosphere. In both cases, the emitting plasma\nis very opaque and photons are released with a degraded energy in the X-ray\nband. We therefore suggest that compact binary mergers could be followed by an\n\"X-ray renaissance\", as late as several days to weeks after the merger. This\nmight be observed by the next generation of X-ray detectors.\n" }, { "id": "08edd036-852d-4b2f-9e68-644dbe2d55c3", "adv_source_id": "08edd036-852d-4b2f-9e68-644dbe2d55c3", "source_id": "08edd036-852d-4b2f-9e68-644dbe2d55c3", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Matrix Models for the Black Hole Information Paradox", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study various matrix models with a charge-charge interaction as toy models\nof the gauge dual of the AdS black hole. These models show a continuous\nspectrum and power-law decay of correlators at late time and infinite N,\nimplying information loss in this limit. At finite N, the spectrum is discrete\nand correlators have recurrences, so there is no information loss. We study\nthese models by a variety of techniques, such as Feynman graph expansion, loop\nequations, and sum over Young tableaux, and we obtain explicitly the leading\n1/N^2 corrections for the spectrum and correlators. These techniques are\nsuggestive of possible dual bulk descriptions. At fixed order in 1/N^2 the\nspectrum remains continuous and no recurrence occurs, so information loss\npersists. However, the interchange of the long-time and large-N limits is\nsubtle and requires further study.\n" }, { "id": "b9a14fa8-0f54-49fd-b6ac-f699e51f1fc0", "adv_source_id": "b9a14fa8-0f54-49fd-b6ac-f699e51f1fc0", "source_id": "b9a14fa8-0f54-49fd-b6ac-f699e51f1fc0", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fault Diagnosability of Arrangement Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " The growing size of the multiprocessor system increases its vulnerability to\ncomponent failures. It is crucial to locate and to replace the faulty\nprocessors to maintain a system's high reliability. The fault diagnosis is the\nprocess of identifying faulty processors in a system through testing. This\npaper shows that the largest connected component of the survival graph contains\nalmost all remaining vertices in the $(n,k)$-arrangement graph $A_{n,k}$ when\nthe number of moved faulty vertices is up to twice or three times the\ntraditional connectivity. Based on this fault resiliency, we establishes that\nthe conditional diagnosability of $A_{n,k}$ under the comparison model. We\nprove that for $k\\geq 4$, $n\\geq k+2$, the conditional diagnosability of\n$A_{n,k}$ is $(3k-2)(n-k)-3$; the conditional diagnosability of $A_{n,n-1}$ is\n$3n-7$ for $n\\geq 5$.\n" }, { "id": "38741f0c-e09c-40b0-b947-c36ed65ef82e", "adv_source_id": "38741f0c-e09c-40b0-b947-c36ed65ef82e", "source_id": "38741f0c-e09c-40b0-b947-c36ed65ef82e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Spin-dependent dipole excitation in alkali-metal nanoparticles", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the spin-dependent electronic excitations in alkali-metal\nnanoparticles. Using numerical and analytical approaches, we focus on the\nresonances in the response to spin-dependent dipole fields. In the spin-dipole\nabsorption spectrum for closed-shell systems, we investigate in detail the\nlowest-energy excitation, the \"surface paramagnon\" predicted by L. Serra et al.\n[Phys. Rev. A 47, R1601 (1993)]. We estimate its frequency from simple\nassumptions for the dynamical magnetization density. In addition, we\nnumerically determine the dynamical magnetization density for all low-energy\nspin-dipole modes in the spectrum. Those many-body excitations can be traced\nback to particle-hole excitations of the noninteracting system. Thus, we argue\nthat the spin-dipole modes are not of collective nature. In open-shell systems,\nthe spin-dipole response to an electrical dipole field is found to increase\nproportionally with the ground-state spin polarization.\n" }, { "id": "2b18cc7d-9841-4565-a0fd-a227ee25acf7", "adv_source_id": "2b18cc7d-9841-4565-a0fd-a227ee25acf7", "source_id": "2b18cc7d-9841-4565-a0fd-a227ee25acf7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Five New Millisecond Pulsars From a Radio Survey of 14 Unidentified\n Fermi-LAT Gamma-ray Sources", "prompt": null, "generation": " We have discovered five millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in a survey of 14\nunidentified Fermi-LAT sources in the southern sky using the Parkes radio\ntelescope. PSRs J0101-6422, J1514-4946, and J1902-5105 reside in binaries,\nwhile PSRs J1658-5324 and J1747-4036 are isolated. Using an ephemeris derived\nfrom timing observations of PSR J0101-6422 (P =2.57 ms, DM=12 pc cm-3), we have\ndetected {\\gamma}-ray pulsations and measured its proper motion. Its\n{\\gamma}-ray spectrum (a power law of {\\Gamma} = 0.9 with a cutoff at 1.6 GeV)\nand efficiency are typical of other MSPs, but its radio and {\\gamma}-ray light\ncurves challenge simple geometric models of emission. The high success rate of\nthis survey-enabled by selecting {\\gamma}-ray sources based on their detailed\nspectral characteristics-and other similarly successful searches indicate that\na substantial fraction of the local population of MSPs may soon be known.\n" }, { "id": "8eb14e54-eb0d-4736-86f2-b08e2668949f", "adv_source_id": "8eb14e54-eb0d-4736-86f2-b08e2668949f", "source_id": "8eb14e54-eb0d-4736-86f2-b08e2668949f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global stability and optimisation of a general impulsive biological\n control model", "prompt": null, "generation": " An impulsive model of augmentative biological control consisting of a general\ncontinuous predator-prey model in ordinary differential equations augmented by\na discrete part describing periodic introductions of predators is considered.\nIt is shown that there exists an invariant periodic solution that corresponds\nto prey eradication and a condition ensuring its global asymptotic stability is\ngiven. An optimisation problem related to the preemptive use of augmentative\nbiological control is then considered. It is assumed that the per time unit\nbudget of biological control (i.e. the number of predators to be released) is\nfixed and the best deployment of this budget is sought after in terms of\nrelease frequency. The cost function to be minimised is the time taken to\nreduce an unforeseen prey (pest) invasion under some harmless level. The\nanalysis shows that the optimisation problem admits a countable infinite number\nof solutions. An argumentation considering the required robustness of the\noptimisation result is then conducted and it is shown that the best deployment\nis to use as frequent (and thus as small) as possible predator introductions.\n" }, { "id": "00410fd1-d487-4f7d-aafe-a5c9d987cc34", "adv_source_id": "00410fd1-d487-4f7d-aafe-a5c9d987cc34", "source_id": "00410fd1-d487-4f7d-aafe-a5c9d987cc34", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Syntactic Analysis Based on Morphological Characteristic Features of the\n Romanian Language", "prompt": null, "generation": " This paper refers to the syntactic analysis of phrases in Romanian, as an\nimportant process of natural language processing. We will suggest a real-time\nsolution, based on the idea of using some words or groups of words that\nindicate grammatical category; and some specific endings of some parts of\nsentence. Our idea is based on some characteristics of the Romanian language,\nwhere some prepositions, adverbs or some specific endings can provide a lot of\ninformation about the structure of a complex sentence. Such characteristics can\nbe found in other languages, too, such as French. Using a special grammar, we\ndeveloped a system (DIASEXP) that can perform a dialogue in natural language\nwith assertive and interogative sentences about a \"story\" (a set of sentences\ndescribing some events from the real life).\n" }, { "id": "cd41f498-8f1d-4561-914b-7e6ece69e5e8", "adv_source_id": "cd41f498-8f1d-4561-914b-7e6ece69e5e8", "source_id": "cd41f498-8f1d-4561-914b-7e6ece69e5e8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Glassiness in vortex matter in MgB2 probed by a novel scaling method for\n creep analysis", "prompt": null, "generation": " The glassy dynamics is a consequence of the elastic properties of the vortex\nmatter, and in principle may occur in any superconductor. However, whereas a\nlarge amount of experimental evidence confirms glassiness in high Tc\nsuperconductors (HTS), the applicability of the whole framework developed to\ndescribe vortex matter in HTS to other superconducting materials is unclear. In\nthis framework, the particular creep behavior of MgB2, larger than creep of\nconventional superconductor materials but much lower than HTS one, had\nprecluded a complete understanding of the vortex regimes in this material. In\nthis work we present an experimental study of relaxation processes of pure MgB2\nbulk samples measured by DC magnetization technique. We propose a novel\nself-consistent scaling method to analyze the data and extract the activation\nenergies. The observed experimental behavior can be described in a glassy\npicture, with a unique critical exponent &mu~1, characteristic of collective\ncreep in the intermediate vortex bundle regime.\n" }, { "id": "1d95058f-8e8e-4180-9707-1c1ae661c195", "adv_source_id": "1d95058f-8e8e-4180-9707-1c1ae661c195", "source_id": "1d95058f-8e8e-4180-9707-1c1ae661c195", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Did the Milky Way dwarf satellites enter the halo as a group?", "prompt": null, "generation": " The dwarf satellite galaxies in the Local Group are generally considered to\nbe hosted in dark matter subhalos that survived the disruptive processes during\ninfall onto their host halos. It has recently been argued that if the majority\nof satellites entered the Milky Way halo in a group rather than individually,\nthis could explain the spatial and dynamical peculiarities of its satellite\ndistribution. Such groups were identified as dwarf galaxy associations that are\nfound in the nearby Universe. In this paper we address the question whether\ngalaxies in such associations can be the progenitors of the Milky Way satellite\ngalaxies. We find that the dwarf associations are much more extended than would\nbe required to explain the disk-like distribution of the Milky Way and\nAndromeda satellite galaxies. We further identify a possible minor filamentary\nstructure, perpendicular to the supergalactic plane, in which the dwarf\nassociations are located, that might be related to the direction of infall of a\nprogenitor galaxy of the Milky Way satellites, if they are of tidal origin.\n" }, { "id": "c72ef37a-7c8f-4355-912d-3a4a795203a6", "adv_source_id": "c72ef37a-7c8f-4355-912d-3a4a795203a6", "source_id": "c72ef37a-7c8f-4355-912d-3a4a795203a6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Heavy chiral bosons search at hadron colliders", "prompt": null, "generation": " The production of new spin-1 chiral bosons at the hadron colliders, the\nFermilab Tevatron and the CERN LHC, is considered. The masses of the chiral\nbosons can be determined on the basis of experimental data of precise\nlow-energy experiments, which already indicate indirectly their existence. They\ncan explain, for example, the serious 4.5 sigma discrepancy between the\nmeasured and the predicted two pion branching ratio of the tau decay and the\nsign of the 3.3 sigma deviation of the muon (g-2) theoretical prediction from\nthe experimental value. Quantitative evaluations of the various differential\ncross-sections of the chiral boson production at hadron colliders are made\nusing the CalcHEP package. It is noteworthy that the Tevatron data already hint\nthe existence of the lightest charged chiral boson with a mass around 500 GeV.\nNew Tevatron data and the LHC results will definitely confirm or reject this\nindication. In the positive case the LHC would be able to discover all\npredicted charged and neutral chiral bosons spanning in mass up to 1 TeV.\n" }, { "id": "be2105a1-cbf2-46cd-9ce1-fe7cab958e00", "adv_source_id": "be2105a1-cbf2-46cd-9ce1-fe7cab958e00", "source_id": "be2105a1-cbf2-46cd-9ce1-fe7cab958e00", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Evaluation of Reverse Monte Carlo Models based on Molecular Dynamics\n Simulations: A Case Study of Ion Conducting Network Glasses", "prompt": null, "generation": " We investigate the quality of structural models generated by the Reverse\nMonte Carlo (RMC) method in a typical application to amorphous systems. To this\nend we calculate surrogate diffraction data from a Li2O-SiO2 molecular dynamics\n(MD) simulation and use the total scattering function, in addition to minimal\npair distances and coordination numbers of silicon (oxygen) to oxygen (silicon)\nions, as input for the RMC modeling. Then we compare partial radial\ndistribution functions, coordination numbers, bond angles, and ring sizes\npredicted by the RMC models with those of the MD system. It is found that\npartial distributions functions and properties on small lengths scales, as\ndistributions of coordination numbers and bond angles, are well reproduced by\nthe RMC modeling. Properties in the medium-range order regime are, however, not\nwell captured, as is demonstrated by comparison of ring size distributions. Due\ncare therefore has to be exercised when extracting structural features from RMC\nmodels in this medium-range order regime. In particular we show that the\noccurrence of such features can be a mere consequence of the chosen starting\nconfiguration.\n" }, { "id": "fc0a0eb2-eabe-4504-982a-01fa6d8d7b9f", "adv_source_id": "fc0a0eb2-eabe-4504-982a-01fa6d8d7b9f", "source_id": "fc0a0eb2-eabe-4504-982a-01fa6d8d7b9f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years after the Big Bang", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the current cosmological model, only the three lightest elements were\ncreated in the first few minutes after the Big Bang; all other elements were\nproduced later in stars. To date, however, heavy elements have been observed in\nall astrophysical environments. We report the detection of two gas clouds with\nno discernible elements heavier than hydrogen. These systems exhibit the lowest\nheavy-element abundance in the early universe and thus are potential fuel for\nthe most metal poor halo stars. The detection of deuterium in one system at the\nlevel predicted by primordial nucleosynthesis provides a direct confirmation of\nthe standard cosmological model. The composition of these clouds further\nimplies that the transport of heavy elements from galaxies to their\nsurroundings is highly inhomogeneous.\n" }, { "id": "5ffdd48a-6823-4b49-970c-de7d16810260", "adv_source_id": "5ffdd48a-6823-4b49-970c-de7d16810260", "source_id": "5ffdd48a-6823-4b49-970c-de7d16810260", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fields generated by a moving relativistic point mass and mathematical\n correction to Feynman's law", "prompt": null, "generation": " Analysis of the original Feynman's formula for a moving point charge leads to\nthe notion of a retarded time, which has to be treated as a field.\n The Lorentzian frame, the trajectory, and the retarded time field uniquely\ndetermine a system of fields over the frame, which the author calls the\nfundamental fields.\n By means of these fields one can represent and establish relations between\nthe wave, Lorentz gauge, and Maxwell equations, and to prove that\nelectromagnetic field generated by Lienard-Wiechert potentials, and the fields\nrepresented by the amended Feynman's formula coincide, and both fields satisfy\nMaxwell equations and homogenous wave equations.\n One of the main results is contained in Bogdan-Feynman Theorem for a moving\npoint mass combining all important aspects of the development into a single\nmathematical theorem.\n This theorem leads, for instance, to a field generated by a point mass, that\nin its rest frame represents Newton's gravity field, if neglecting the constant\nof proportionality.\n The rest of the paper is devoted to the study of n-body problems for various\ngeneral relativistic force fields and to prove the existence and uniqueness of\nsolutions. Such problems lead to nonanticipating differential equations,\nsolutions of which depend not only on the initial data, but also on the initial\ntrajectory of the entire system of bodies.\n To analyze such equations author develops a theory of nonanticipating\nuniformly Lipschitzian operators on trajectories of such systems.\n" }, { "id": "fe2e4fb2-460f-4fa4-8523-67db4d54f6c8", "adv_source_id": "fe2e4fb2-460f-4fa4-8523-67db4d54f6c8", "source_id": "fe2e4fb2-460f-4fa4-8523-67db4d54f6c8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global Phase Diagram for Magnetism and Lattice Distortion of Fe-pnictide\n Materials", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study the global phase diagram of magnetic orders and lattice structure in\nthe Fe-pnictide materials at zero temperature within one unified theory, tuned\nby both doping and pressure. On the low doping and high pressure side of the\nphase diagram, there is one single transition, which is described by a $z=2$\nmean field theory with very weak run-away flows; on the high doping and low\npressure side the transition is expected to split to two transitions, with one\nO(3) spin density wave transition followed by a z = 3 quantum Ising transition\nat larger doping. The fluctuation of the strain field fluctuation of the\nlattice will not affect the spin density wave transition, but will likely drive\nthe Ising nematic transition more mean field like through a linear coupling, as\nobserved experimentally in BaFe_2-xCo_xAs_2.\n" }, { "id": "4b3a26dd-9489-440e-a0da-4d86b26f6471", "adv_source_id": "4b3a26dd-9489-440e-a0da-4d86b26f6471", "source_id": "4b3a26dd-9489-440e-a0da-4d86b26f6471", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Competing ferromagnetic and nematic alignment in self-propelled polar\n particles", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study a Vicsek-style model of self-propelled particles where ferromagnetic\nand nematic alignment compete in both the usual \"metric\" version and in the\n\"metric-free\" case where a particle interacts with its Voronoi neighbors. We\nshow that the phase diagram of this out-of-equilibrium XY model is similar to\nthat of its equilibrium counterpart: the properties of the fully-nematic model,\nstudied before in [F. Ginelli, F. Peruani, M. Baer, and H. Chat\\'e, Phys. Rev.\nLett. 104, 184502 (2010)], are thus robust to the introduction of a modest bias\nof interactions towards ferromagnetic alignment. The direct transitions between\npolar and nematic ordered phases are shown to be discontinuous in the metric\ncase, and continuous, belonging to the Ising universality class, in the\nmetric-free version.\n" }, { "id": "e9ff72ad-13ed-4617-a45c-c3a4e46f2acf", "adv_source_id": "e9ff72ad-13ed-4617-a45c-c3a4e46f2acf", "source_id": "e9ff72ad-13ed-4617-a45c-c3a4e46f2acf", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "First-principles calculations of $^{17}$O NMR chemical shielding in\n Pb(Zr$_{1/2}$Ti$_{1/2}$)O$_3$ and Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_3$: linear\n dependence on transition-metal/oxygen bond lengths", "prompt": null, "generation": " First-principles density functional theory (DFT) oxygen chemical shift\ntensors were calculated for A(B,B$^{\\prime}$)O$_3$ perovskite alloys\nPb(Zr$_{1/2}$Ti$_{1/2}$)O$_3$ (PZT) and Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_3$ (PMN).\nQuantum chemistry methods for embedded clusters and the GIPAW method [C.\\ J.\\\nPickard and F.\\ Mauri, {\\it Phys. Rev. B} {\\bf 63} 245101 (2001)] for periodic\nboundary conditions were used. Results from both methods are in good agreement\nfor PZT and prototypical perovskites. PMN results were obtained using only\nGIPAW. Both isotropic $\\delta_\\mathrm{iso}$ and axial $\\delta_\\mathrm{ax}$\nchemical shifts were found to vary approximately linearly as a function of the\nnearest-distance transition-metal/oxygen bond length,$r_\\mathrm{s}$. Using\nthese results, we argue against Ti clustering in PZT, as conjectured from\nrecent $^{17}$O NMR magic-angle-spinning measurements. Our findings indicate\nthat $^{17}$O NMR measurements, coupled with first-principles calculations, can\nbe an important probe of local structure in complex perovskite solid solutions.\n" }, { "id": "9b248583-1542-448d-b986-0858a93f1f42", "adv_source_id": "9b248583-1542-448d-b986-0858a93f1f42", "source_id": "9b248583-1542-448d-b986-0858a93f1f42", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Planar Lombardi Drawings for Subcubic Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We prove that every planar graph with maximum degree three has a planar\ndrawing in which the edges are drawn as circular arcs that meet at equal angles\naround every vertex. Our construction is based on the Koebe-Thurston-Andreev\ncircle packing theorem, and uses a novel type of Voronoi diagram for circle\npackings that is invariant under Moebius transformations, defined using\nthree-dimensional hyperbolic geometry. We also use circle packing to construct\nplanar Lombardi drawings of a special class of 4-regular planar graphs, the\nmedial graphs of polyhedral graphs, and we show that not every 4-regular planar\ngraph has a Lombardi drawing. We have implemented our algorithm for 3-connected\nplanar cubic graphs.\n" }, { "id": "05a2f986-b9c0-4916-a4d0-e7213f41d6db", "adv_source_id": "05a2f986-b9c0-4916-a4d0-e7213f41d6db", "source_id": "05a2f986-b9c0-4916-a4d0-e7213f41d6db", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Emission-Line Spectra of Major Mergers: Evidence for Shocked\n Outflows", "prompt": null, "generation": " Using a spectral decomposition technique (Soto & Martin 2012, hereafter Paper\nI), we investigate the physical origin of the high-velocity emission line gas\nin a sample of 39 gas-rich, ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) mergers.\nRegions with shock-like excitation were identified in two kinematically\ndistinct regimes, characterized by broad ($\\sigma >$ 150 \\kms) and narrow\nlinewidths. Here we investigate the physical origin of the high-velocity\n(broad) emission with shock-like line ratios. Considering the large amount of\nextinction in these galaxies, the blueshift of the broad emission suggests an\norigin on the near side of the galaxy and therefore an interpretation as a\ngalactic outflow. The large spatial extent of the broad, shocked emission\ncomponent is generally inconsistent with an origin in the narrow-line region of\na AGN, so we conclude that energy and momentum supplied by the starburst drives\nthese outflows. The new data are used to examine the fraction of the supernova\nenergy radiated by shocks and the mass loss rate in the warm-ionized phase of\nthe wind. We show that the shocks produced by galactic outflows can be\nrecognized in moderately high-resolution, integrated spectra of these nearby,\nultraluminous starbursts. The spectral fitting technique introduced in Paper I\nmay therefore be used to improve the accuracy of the physical properties\nmeasured for high-redshift galaxies from their (observed frame) infrared\nspectra.\n" }, { "id": "d1e521a6-36bc-4b6f-ab36-0e66246842a4", "adv_source_id": "d1e521a6-36bc-4b6f-ab36-0e66246842a4", "source_id": "d1e521a6-36bc-4b6f-ab36-0e66246842a4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Large deviations for random walk in a space--time product environment", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider random walk $(X_n)_{n\\geq0}$ on $\\mathbb{Z}^d$ in a space--time\nproduct environment $\\omega\\in\\Omega$. We take the point of view of the\nparticle and focus on the environment Markov chain $(T_{n,X_n}\\omega)_{n\\geq0}$\nwhere $T$ denotes the shift on $\\Omega$. Conditioned on the particle having\nasymptotic mean velocity equal to any given $\\xi$, we show that the empirical\nprocess of the environment Markov chain converges to a stationary process\n$\\mu_{\\xi}^{\\infty}$ under the averaged measure. When $d\\geq3$ and $\\xi$ is\nsufficiently close to the typical velocity, we prove that averaged and quenched\nlarge deviations are equivalent and when conditioned on the particle having\nasymptotic mean velocity $\\xi$, the empirical process of the environment Markov\nchain converges to $\\mu_{\\xi}^{\\infty}$ under the quenched measure as well. In\nthis case, we show that $\\mu_{\\xi}^{\\infty}$ is a stationary Markov process\nwhose kernel is obtained from the original kernel by a Doob $h$-transform.\n" }, { "id": "a98915ea-6f80-4de2-83cb-c7c0ecdd7eaa", "adv_source_id": "a98915ea-6f80-4de2-83cb-c7c0ecdd7eaa", "source_id": "a98915ea-6f80-4de2-83cb-c7c0ecdd7eaa", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Search for the Elusive Higgs Boson Using Jet Structure at LHC", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the production of a light non-standard model Higgs boson of order\n$100~\\GEV$ with an associated $W$ boson at CERN Large Hadron Collider. We focus\non an interesting scenario that, the Higgs boson decays predominately into two\nlight scalars $\\chi$ with mass of few GeV which sequently decay into four\ngluons, i.e. $h\\to 2\\chi \\to 4g$. Since $\\chi$ is much lighter than the Higgs\nboson, it will be highly boosted and its decay products, the two gluons, will\nmove close to each other, resulting in a single jet for $\\chi$ decay in the\ndetector. By using electromagnetic calorimeter-based and jet substructure\nanalyses, we show in two cases of different $\\chi$ masses that it is quite\npromising to extract the signal of Higgs boson out of large QCD background.\n" }, { "id": "27fcea2b-de10-4e8f-8546-92f98c6f8f9d", "adv_source_id": "27fcea2b-de10-4e8f-8546-92f98c6f8f9d", "source_id": "27fcea2b-de10-4e8f-8546-92f98c6f8f9d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Noncommmutative Batalin-Vilkovisky geometry and Matrix integrals", "prompt": null, "generation": " We associate the new type of supersymmetric matrix models with any solution\nto the quantum master equation of the noncommutative Batalin-Vilkovisky\ngeometry. The asymptotic expansion of the matrix integrals gives homology\nclasses in the Kontsevich compactification of the moduli spaces, which we\nassociated with the solutions to the quantum master equation in our previous\npaper. We associate with the queer matrix superalgebra equipped with an odd\ndifferentiation, whose square is nonzero, the family of cohomology classes of\nthe compactification. This family is the generating function for the products\nof the tautological classes. The simplest example of the matrix integrals in\nthe case of dimension zero is a supersymmetric extenstion of the Kontsevich\nmodel of 2-dimensional gravity.\n" }, { "id": "98bb7d25-9c51-4f02-a450-5bac1be1f276", "adv_source_id": "98bb7d25-9c51-4f02-a450-5bac1be1f276", "source_id": "98bb7d25-9c51-4f02-a450-5bac1be1f276", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of a white dwarf companion to the white dwarf\n SDSSJ125733.63+542850.5", "prompt": null, "generation": " SDSSJ125733.63+542850.5 (hereafter SDSSJ1257+5428) is a compact white dwarf\nbinary from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey that exhibits high-amplitude radial\nvelocity variations on a period of 4.56 hours. While an initial analysis\nsuggested the presence of a neutron star or black-hole binary companion, a\nfollow-up study concluded that the spectrum was better understood as a\ncombination of two white dwarfs. Here we present optical spectroscopy and\nultraviolet fluxes which directly reveal the presence of the second white dwarf\nin the system. SDSSJ1257+5428's spectrum is a composite, dominated by the\nnarrow-lined spectrum from a cool, low gravity white dwarf (Teff ~6300K, log g\n= 5 to 6.6) with broad wings from a hotter, high-mass white dwarf companion\n(11,000 to 14,000K; ~ 1Msun). The high-mass white dwarf has unusual line\nprofiles which lack the narrow central core to Halpha that is usually seen in\nwhite dwarfs. This is consistent with rapid rotation with v sin i = 500 to\n1750km/s, although other broadening mechanisms such as magnetic fields,\npulsations or a helium-rich atmosphere could also be contributory factors. The\ncool component is a puzzle since no evolutionary model matches its combination\nof low gravity and temperature. Within the constraints set by our data,\nSDSSJ1257+5428 could have a total mass greater than the Chandrasekhar limit and\nthus be a potential Type Ia supernova progenitor. However, SDSSJ1257+5428's\nunusually low mass ratio q ~ 0.2 suggests that it is more likely that it will\nevolve into an accreting double white dwarf (AM CVn star).\n" }, { "id": "c9763d68-c75a-453f-ad75-bec9aefd3d01", "adv_source_id": "c9763d68-c75a-453f-ad75-bec9aefd3d01", "source_id": "c9763d68-c75a-453f-ad75-bec9aefd3d01", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The PASTEL catalogue of stellar parameters", "prompt": null, "generation": " The PASTEL catalogue is an update of the [Fe/H] catalogue, published in 1997\nand 2001. It is a bibliographical compilation of stellar atmospheric parameters\nproviding (Teff,logg,[Fe/H]) determinations obtained from the analysis of high\nresolution, high signal-to-noise spectra, carried out with model atmospheres.\nPASTEL also provides determinations of the one parameter Teff based on various\nmethods. It is aimed in the future to provide also homogenized atmospheric\nparameters and elemental abundances, radial and rotational velocities. A web\ninterface has been created to query the catalogue on elaborated criteria.\nPASTEL is also distributed through the CDS database and VizieR. To make it as\ncomplete as possible, the main journals have been surveyed, as well as the CDS\ndatabase, to find relevant publications. The catalogue is regularly updated\nwith new determinations found in the literature. As of Febuary 2010, PASTEL\nincludes 30151 determinations of either Teff or (Teff,logg,[Fe/H]) for 16649\ndifferent stars corresponding to 865 bibliographical references. Nearly 6000\nstars have a determination of the three parameters (Teff,logg,[Fe/H]) with a\nhigh quality spectroscopic metallicity.\n" }, { "id": "f7c49461-a0ee-4e5c-bfc4-dcb5647e0dc9", "adv_source_id": "f7c49461-a0ee-4e5c-bfc4-dcb5647e0dc9", "source_id": "f7c49461-a0ee-4e5c-bfc4-dcb5647e0dc9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Fully dynamic maximal matching in O(log n) update time", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present an algorithm for maintaining maximal matching in a graph under\naddition and deletion of edges. Our data structure is randomized that takes\nO(log n) expected amortized time for each edge update where n is the number of\nvertices in the graph. While there is a trivial O(n) algorithm for edge update,\nthe previous best known result for this problem for a graph with n vertices and\nm edges is O({(n+ m)}^{0.7072})which is sub-linear only for a sparse graph.\n For the related problem of maximum matching, Onak and Rubinfield designed a\nrandomized data structure that achieves O(log^2 n) amortized time for each\nupdate for maintaining a c-approximate maximum matching for some large constant\nc. In contrast, we can maintain a factor two approximate maximum matching in\nO(log n) expected time per update as a direct corollary of the maximal matching\nscheme. This in turn also implies a two approximate vertex cover maintenance\nscheme that takes O(log n) expected time per update.\n" }, { "id": "181e992c-99eb-4b74-ae83-1f01bebc74ca", "adv_source_id": "181e992c-99eb-4b74-ae83-1f01bebc74ca", "source_id": "181e992c-99eb-4b74-ae83-1f01bebc74ca", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Pseudo-Euclidean Gravity", "prompt": null, "generation": " A new theory of a (flat) spacetime gravitational interaction is presented.\nThis theory follows almost effortlessly from a new Lagrangian formulation of\nMaxwell's theory for photons and electrons (and positrons) whose associated\nEuler Lagrange equations imply the conventional Maxwell equations, but which\npossesses new \\textbf{\\emph{bosonic}} degrees of freedom that may be associated\nwith a fundamental gravitational interaction. The precise character of this\ngravitational interaction with photons is explicitly defined in terms of a\nlocal U(1)-invariant Lagrangian in Eq.[\\ref{Lagrangian3}].\n The new formulation of Maxwell's theory is cast on the real, eight\ndimensional pseudo-Euclidean vector space defined by the split octonion\nalgebra, regarded as a vector space over $\\mathbb{R}$, and denoted $\n\\mathbb{R}^{4,4} \\cong M_{3,1} \\oplus {}^*M_{3,1}$. (Here $M_{3,1}$ denotes\nreal four-dimensional Minkowski space-time and $ {}^*M_{3,1}$ denotes its dual;\n$\\mathbb{R}^{4,4}$ resembles the phase space of a single relativistic\nparticle.) This gravitational interaction is carried by a field that defines an\nalgebraically distinguished element of the split octonion algebra, namely, the\nmultiplicative unit element. We call this interaction the \"unit\" interaction,\nsince any equivalence with Newton-Einstein gravity has yet to be established.\n" }, { "id": "f23e7b34-d833-4463-9ea9-4009e6e8ef0d", "adv_source_id": "f23e7b34-d833-4463-9ea9-4009e6e8ef0d", "source_id": "f23e7b34-d833-4463-9ea9-4009e6e8ef0d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Longitudinal scaling property of the charge balance function in Au + Au\n collisions at 200 GeV", "prompt": null, "generation": " We present measurements of the charge balance function, from the charged\nparticles, for diverse pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges in Au + Au\ncollisions at 200 GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe that the\nbalance function is boost-invariant within the pseudorapidity coverage [-1.3,\n1.3]. The balance function properly scaled by the width of the observed\npseudorapidity window does not depend on the position or size of the\npseudorapidity window. This scaling property also holds for particles in\ndifferent transverse momentum ranges. In addition, we find that the width of\nthe balance function decreases monotonically with increasing transverse\nmomentum for all centrality classes.\n" }, { "id": "b5f800a4-847a-4588-9a3f-d4bccbe1cfc2", "adv_source_id": "b5f800a4-847a-4588-9a3f-d4bccbe1cfc2", "source_id": "b5f800a4-847a-4588-9a3f-d4bccbe1cfc2", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the Self-Consistent Event Biasing Schemes for Monte Carlo Simulations\n of Nanoscale MOSFETs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Different techniques of event biasing have been implemented in the\nparticle-based Monte Carlo simulations of a 15nm n-channel MOSFET. The primary\ngoal is to achieve enhancement in the channel statistics and faster convergence\nin the calculation of terminal current. Enhancement algorithms are especially\nuseful when the device behavior is governed by rare events in the carrier\ntransport process. After presenting a brief overview on the Monte Carlo\ntechnique for solving the Boltzmann transport equation, the basic steps of\nderiving the approach in presence of both the initial and the boundary\nconditions have been discussed. In the derivation, the linearity of the\ntransport problem has been utilized first, where Coulomb forces between the\ncarriers are initially neglected. The generalization of the approach for\nHartree carriers has been established in the iterative procedure of coupling\nwith the Poisson equation. It is shown that the weight of the particles, as\nobtained by biasing of the Boltzmann equation, survives between the successive\nsteps of solving the Poisson equation.\n" }, { "id": "b01ccadb-b76e-40cc-ac1b-520427db7f0b", "adv_source_id": "b01ccadb-b76e-40cc-ac1b-520427db7f0b", "source_id": "b01ccadb-b76e-40cc-ac1b-520427db7f0b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Succinct Geometric Indexes Supporting Point Location Queries", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose to design data structures called succinct geometric indexes of\nnegligible space (more precisely, o(n) bits) that, by taking advantage of the n\npoints in the data set permuted and stored elsewhere as a sequence, to support\ngeometric queries in optimal time. Our first and main result is a succinct\ngeometric index that can answer point location queries, a fundamental problem\nin computational geometry, on planar triangulations in O(lg n) time. We also\ndesign three variants of this index. The first supports point location using\n$\\lg n + 2\\sqrt{\\lg n} + O(\\lg^{1/4} n)$ point-line comparisons. The second\nsupports point location in o(lg n) time when the coordinates are integers\nbounded by U. The last variant can answer point location in O(H+1) expected\ntime, where H is the entropy of the query distribution. These results match the\nquery efficiency of previous point location structures that use O(n) words or\nO(n lg n) bits, while saving drastic amounts of space.\n We then generalize our succinct geometric index to planar subdivisions, and\ndesign indexes for other types of queries. Finally, we apply our techniques to\ndesign the first implicit data structures that support point location in\n$O(\\lg^2 n)$ time.\n" }, { "id": "f650ec49-70d6-43a5-b607-b80af80e35e7", "adv_source_id": "f650ec49-70d6-43a5-b607-b80af80e35e7", "source_id": "f650ec49-70d6-43a5-b607-b80af80e35e7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Towards an Intelligent Tutor for Mathematical Proofs", "prompt": null, "generation": " Computer-supported learning is an increasingly important form of study since\nit allows for independent learning and individualized instruction. In this\npaper, we discuss a novel approach to developing an intelligent tutoring system\nfor teaching textbook-style mathematical proofs. We characterize the\nparticularities of the domain and discuss common ITS design models. Our\napproach is motivated by phenomena found in a corpus of tutorial dialogs that\nwere collected in a Wizard-of-Oz experiment. We show how an intelligent tutor\nfor textbook-style mathematical proofs can be built on top of an adapted\nassertion-level proof assistant by reusing representations and proof search\nstrategies originally developed for automated and interactive theorem proving.\nThe resulting prototype was successfully evaluated on a corpus of tutorial\ndialogs and yields good results.\n" }, { "id": "23f0cb03-d912-40a4-9399-7eef1609e8e5", "adv_source_id": "23f0cb03-d912-40a4-9399-7eef1609e8e5", "source_id": "23f0cb03-d912-40a4-9399-7eef1609e8e5", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chaos in Galaxies", "prompt": null, "generation": " After general considerations about limits of theories and models, where small\nchanges may imply large effects, we discuss three cases in galactic\nastrophysics illustrating how galactic dynamics models may become insufficient\nwhen previously neglected effects are taken into account: 1) Like in 3D\nhydrodynamics, the non-linearity of the Poisson-Boltzmann system may imply\ndissipation through the growth of discontinuous solutions. 2) The relationship\nbetween the microscopic exponential sensitivity of N-body systems and the\nstability of mean field galaxy models. 3) The role of quantum physics in the\ndynamics of structure formation, considering that cosmological neutrinos are\nmassive and semi-degenerate fermions.\n" }, { "id": "5657572a-51cf-4680-9e00-cea224ae0c55", "adv_source_id": "5657572a-51cf-4680-9e00-cea224ae0c55", "source_id": "5657572a-51cf-4680-9e00-cea224ae0c55", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Chaos-induced enhancement of resonant multielectron recombination in\n highly charged ions: Statistical theory", "prompt": null, "generation": " A statistical theory of resonant multielectron recombination based on\nproperties of chaotic eigenstates is developed. The level density of many-body\nstates increases exponentially with the number of excited electrons. When the\nresidual electron-electron interaction exceeds the interval between these\nlevels, the eigenstates (called compound states or compound resonances if these\nstates are in the continuum) become \"chaotic\" superpositions of large numbers\nof Hartree-Fock configurational basis states. This situation takes place in\nsome rare-earth atoms and many open-shell multiply charged ions excited in the\nprocess of electron recombination. Our theory describes resonant multielectron\nrecombination via dielectronic doorway states leading to such compound\nresonances. The result is a radiative capture cross section averaged over a\nsmall energy interval containing several compound resonances. In many cases\nindividual resonances are not resolved experimentally (since the interval\nbetween them is small, e.g., $\\le 1$ meV, possibly even smaller than their\nradiative widths), therefore, our statistical theory should correctly describe\nthe experimental data. We perform numerical calculations of the recombination\ncross sections for tungsten ions W$^{q+}$, $q=18$--25. The recombination rate\nfor W$^{20+}$ measured recently [Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 83}, 012711 (2011)] is\n$10^3$ greater than the direct radiative recombination rate at low energies,\nand our result for W$^{20+}$ agrees with the measurements.\n" }, { "id": "f0fa477c-137a-4003-983d-c4c98e4ec16e", "adv_source_id": "f0fa477c-137a-4003-983d-c4c98e4ec16e", "source_id": "f0fa477c-137a-4003-983d-c4c98e4ec16e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Observation of Quantum Effects in sub Kelvin Cold Reactions", "prompt": null, "generation": " There has been a long-standing quest to observe chemical reactions at low\ntemperatures where reaction rates and pathways are governed by quantum\nmechanical effects. So far this field of Quantum Chemistry has been dominated\nby theory. The difficulty has been to realize in the laboratory low enough\ncollisional velocities between neutral reactants, so that the quantum wave\nnature could be observed. We report here the first realization of merged\nneutral supersonic beams, and the observation of clear quantum effects in the\nresulting reactions. We observe orbiting resonances in the Penning ionization\nreaction of argon and molecular hydrogen with metastable helium leading to a\nsharp increase in the absolute reaction rate in the energy range corresponding\nto a few degrees kelvin down to 10 mK. Our method is widely applicable to many\ncanonical chemical reactions, and will enable a breakthrough in the\nexperimental study of Quantum Chemistry.\n" }, { "id": "163145d4-626a-4f90-8e83-3aa7016b2dd4", "adv_source_id": "163145d4-626a-4f90-8e83-3aa7016b2dd4", "source_id": "163145d4-626a-4f90-8e83-3aa7016b2dd4", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Homological stability for configuration spaces of manifolds", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let C_n(M) be the configuration space of n distinct ordered points in M. We\nprove that if M is any connected orientable manifold (closed or open), the\nhomology groups H_i(C_n(M); Q) are representation stable in the sense of\n[Church-Farb]. Applying this to the trivial representation, we obtain as a\ncorollary that the unordered configuration space B_n(M) satisfies classical\nhomological stability: for each i, H_i(B_n(M); Q) is isomorphic to\nH_i(B_{n+1}(M); Q) for n > i. This improves on results of McDuff, Segal, and\nothers for open manifolds. Applied to closed manifolds, this provides natural\nexamples where rational homological stability holds even though integral\nhomological stability fails.\n To prove the main theorem, we introduce the notion of monotonicity for a\nsequence of S_n--representations, which is of independent interest.\nMonotonicity provides a new mechanism for proving representation stability\nusing spectral sequences. The key technical point in the main theorem is that\ncertain sequences of induced representations are monotone.\n" }, { "id": "60557d94-56a6-48a5-8f2d-e4dd4ea166e6", "adv_source_id": "60557d94-56a6-48a5-8f2d-e4dd4ea166e6", "source_id": "60557d94-56a6-48a5-8f2d-e4dd4ea166e6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Scalar wormholes in cosmological setting and their instability", "prompt": null, "generation": " We construct exact nonstatic nonhomogeneous spherically symmetric solutions\nin the theory of gravity with a scalar field possessing the exponential\npotential. The solution of particular interest corresponds to the scalar field\nwith negative kinetic energy, i.e. a ghost, and represents two asymptotically\nhomogeneous spatially flat universes connected by a throat. We interpret this\nsolution as a wormhole in cosmological setting. Both the universes and the\nwormhole throat are simultaneously expanding with acceleration. The character\nof expansion qualitatively depends on the wormhole's mass $m$. For $m=0$ the\nexpansion goes exponentially, so that the corresponding spacetime configuration\nrepresents two de Sitter universes joining by the throat. For $m>0$ the\nexpansion has the power character, so that one has the inflating wormhole\nconnecting two homogeneous spatially flat universes expanding according to the\npower law into the final singularity. The stability analysis of the non-static\nwormholes reveals their instability against linear spherically symmetric\nperturbations.\n" }, { "id": "8e76ff3d-7195-404c-b242-ce03cdef95bc", "adv_source_id": "8e76ff3d-7195-404c-b242-ce03cdef95bc", "source_id": "8e76ff3d-7195-404c-b242-ce03cdef95bc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Unconventional superconductivity on a topological insulator", "prompt": null, "generation": " We study proximity-induced superconductivity on the surface of a topological\ninsulator (TI), focusing on unconventional pairing. We find that the excitation\nspectrum becomes gapless for any spin-triplet pairing, such that both subgap\nbound states and Andreev reflection is strongly suppressed. For spin-singlet\npairing, the zero-energy surface state in the $d_{xy}$-wave case becomes a\nMajorana fermion, in contrast to the situation realized in the topologically\ntrivial high-$T_c$ cuprates. We also study the influence of a Zeeman field on\nthe surface states. Both the magnitude and direction of this field is shown to\nstrongly influence the transport properties, in contrast to the case without\nTI. We predict an experimental signature of the Majorana states via conductance\nspectroscopy.\n" }, { "id": "71d7f43f-21ba-4397-97c4-4b4551a213cc", "adv_source_id": "71d7f43f-21ba-4397-97c4-4b4551a213cc", "source_id": "71d7f43f-21ba-4397-97c4-4b4551a213cc", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Moving Finite Size Particles in a Flow: A Physical Example for Pitchfork\n Bifurcations of Tori", "prompt": null, "generation": " The motion of small, spherical particles of finite size in fluid flows at low\nReynolds numbers is described by the strongly nonlinear Maxey-Riley equations.\nDue to the Stokes drag the particle motion is dissipative, giving rise to the\npossibility of attractors in phase space. We investigate the case of an\ninfinite, cellular flow field with time-periodic forcing. The dynamics of this\nsystem are studied in a part of the parameter space. We focus particularly on\nthe size of the particles whose variations are most important in active,\nphysical processes, for example for aggregation and fragmentation of particles.\nDepending on their size the particles will settle on different attractors in\nphase space in the long term limit, corresponding to periodic, quasiperiodic or\nchaotic motion. One of the invariant sets that can be observed in a large part\nof this parameter region is a quasiperiodic motion in form of a torus. We\nidentify some of the bifurcations that these tori undergo, as particle size and\nmass ratio relative to the fluid are varied. This way we provide a physical\nexample for sub- and supercritical pitchfork bifurcations of tori.\n" }, { "id": "72018abb-0e13-4750-bcd9-518d5c8a7086", "adv_source_id": "72018abb-0e13-4750-bcd9-518d5c8a7086", "source_id": "72018abb-0e13-4750-bcd9-518d5c8a7086", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coherent light scattering from a two-dimensional Mott insulator", "prompt": null, "generation": " We experimentally demonstrate coherent light scattering from an atomic Mott\ninsulator in a two-dimensional lattice. The far-field diffraction pattern of\nsmall clouds of a few hundred atoms was imaged while simultaneously laser\ncooling the atoms with the probe beams. We describe the position of the\ndiffraction peaks and the scaling of the peak parameters by a simple analytic\nmodel. In contrast to Bragg scattering, scattering from a single plane yields\ndiffraction peaks for any incidence angle. We demonstrate the feasibility of\ndetecting spin correlations via light scattering by artificially creating a\none-dimensional antiferromagnetic order as a density wave and observing the\nappearance of additional diffraction peaks.\n" }, { "id": "58ac2aee-e167-4719-b798-7fb4c1aef426", "adv_source_id": "58ac2aee-e167-4719-b798-7fb4c1aef426", "source_id": "58ac2aee-e167-4719-b798-7fb4c1aef426", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Gravitational Waves and Time Domain Astronomy", "prompt": null, "generation": " The gravitational wave window onto the universe will open in roughly five\nyears, when Advanced LIGO and Virgo achieve the first detections of high\nfrequency gravitational waves, most likely coming from compact binary mergers.\nElectromagnetic follow-up of these triggers, using radio, optical, and high\nenergy telescopes, promises exciting opportunities in multi-messenger time\ndomain astronomy. In the next decade, space-based observations of low frequency\ngravitational waves from massive black hole mergers, and their electromagnetic\ncounterparts, will open up further vistas for discovery. This two-part workshop\nat featured brief presentations and stimulating discussions on the challenges\nand opportunities presented by gravitational wave astronomy. Highlights from\nthe workshop, with the emphasis on strategies for electromagnetic follow-up,\nare presented in this report.\n" }, { "id": "299ed47c-8562-4465-9639-0507833658b9", "adv_source_id": "299ed47c-8562-4465-9639-0507833658b9", "source_id": "299ed47c-8562-4465-9639-0507833658b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A Model of Collaboration Network Formation with Heterogenous Skills", "prompt": null, "generation": " Collaboration networks provide a method for examining the highly\nheterogeneous structure of collaborative communities. However, we still have\nlimited theoretical understanding of how individual heterogeneity relates to\nnetwork heterogeneity. The model presented here provides a framework linking an\nindividual's skill set to her position in the collaboration network, and the\ndistribution of skills in the population to the structure of the collaboration\nnetwork as a whole. This model suggests that there is a non-trivial\nrelationship between skills and network position: individuals with a useful\ncombination of skills will have a disproportionate number of links in the\nnetwork. Indeed, in some cases, an individual's degree is non-monotonic in the\nnumber of skills she has--an individual with very few skills may outperform an\nindividual with many. Special cases of the model suggest that the degree\ndistribution of the network will be skewed, even when the distribution of\nskills is uniform in the population. The degree distribution becomes more\nskewed as problems become more difficult, leading to a community dominated by a\nfew high-degree superstars. This has striking implications for labor market\noutcomes in industries where production is largely the result of collaborative\neffort.\n" }, { "id": "f4b4b5ae-c709-4814-9bae-2fa82bb65a6f", "adv_source_id": "f4b4b5ae-c709-4814-9bae-2fa82bb65a6f", "source_id": "f4b4b5ae-c709-4814-9bae-2fa82bb65a6f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Lithium depletion and the rotational history of exoplanet host stars", "prompt": null, "generation": " Israelian et al. (2004) reported that exoplanet host stars are lithium\ndepleted compared to solar-type stars without detected massive planets, a\nresult recently confirmed by Gonzalez (2008). We investigate whether enhanced\nlithium depletion in exoplanet host stars may result from their rotational\nhistory. We have developed rotational evolution models for slow and fast\nsolar-type rotators from the pre-main sequence (PMS) to the age of the Sun and\ncompare them to the distribution of rotational periods observed for solar-type\nstars between 1 Myr and 5 Gyr. We show that slow rotators develop a high degree\nof differential rotation between the radiative core and the convective\nenvelope, while fast rotators evolve with little core-envelope decoupling. We\nsuggest that strong differential rotation at the base of the convective\nenvelope is responsible for enhanced lithium depletion in slow rotators. We\nconclude that lithium-depleted exoplanet host stars were slow rotators on the\nzero-age main sequence (ZAMS) and argue that slow rotation results from a long\nlasting star-disk interaction during the PMS. Altogether, this suggests that\nlong-lived disks (> 5 Myr) may be a necessary condition for massive planet\nformation/migration.\n" }, { "id": "c91de807-6858-4524-b6fc-2cacc7d0cb60", "adv_source_id": "c91de807-6858-4524-b6fc-2cacc7d0cb60", "source_id": "c91de807-6858-4524-b6fc-2cacc7d0cb60", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonintersecting random walks in the neighborhood of a symmetric tacnode", "prompt": null, "generation": " Consider a continuous time random walk in $\\mathbb{Z}$ with independent and\nexponentially distributed jumps $\\pm1$. The model in this paper consists in an\ninfinite number of such random walks starting from the complement of\n$\\{-m,-m+1,\\ldots,m-1,m\\}$ at time -t, returning to the same starting positions\nat time t, and conditioned not to intersect. This yields a determinantal\nprocess, whose gap probabilities are given by the Fredholm determinant of a\nkernel. Thus this model consists of two groups of random walks, which are\ncontained within two ellipses which, with the choice $m\\simeq2t$ to leading\norder, just touch: so we have a tacnode. We determine the new limit extended\nkernel under the scaling $m=\\lfloor2t+\\sigma t^{1/3}\\rfloor$, where parameter\n$\\sigma$ controls the strength of interaction between the two groups of random\nwalkers.\n" }, { "id": "577ca2f4-0c2a-4932-b4a7-7d4a85605e02", "adv_source_id": "577ca2f4-0c2a-4932-b4a7-7d4a85605e02", "source_id": "577ca2f4-0c2a-4932-b4a7-7d4a85605e02", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks", "prompt": null, "generation": " The present paper concludes our investigation on the QCD equation of state\nwith 2+1 staggered flavors and one-link stout improvement. We extend our\nprevious study [JHEP 0601:089 (2006)] by choosing even finer lattices. Lattices\nwith $N_t=6,8$ and 10 are used, and the continuum limit is approached by\nchecking the results at $N_t=12$. A Symanzik improved gauge and a stout-link\nimproved staggered fermion action is utilized. We use physical quark masses,\nthat is, for the lightest staggered pions and kaons we fix the $m_\\pi/f_K$ and\n$m_K/f_K$ ratios to their experimental values. The pressure, the interaction\nmeasure, the energy and entropy density and the speed of sound are presented as\nfunctions of the temperature in the range $100 ...1000 \\textmd{MeV}$. We give\nestimates for the pion mass dependence and for the contribution of the charm\nquark. We compare our data to the equation of state obtained by the \"hotQCD\"\ncollaboration.\n" }, { "id": "8838dbc0-81eb-45e7-b715-9f253abae089", "adv_source_id": "8838dbc0-81eb-45e7-b715-9f253abae089", "source_id": "8838dbc0-81eb-45e7-b715-9f253abae089", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Sum-Rate Optimization in a Two-Way Relay Network with Buffering", "prompt": null, "generation": " A Relay Station (RS) uses a buffer to store and process the received data\npackets before forwarding them. Recently, the buffer has been exploited in\none-way relaying to opportunistically schedule the two different links\naccording to their channel quality. The intuition is that, if the channel to\nthe destination is poor, then RS stores more data from the source, in order to\nuse it when the channel to the destination is good. We apply this intuition to\nthe case of half-duplex two-way relaying, where the interactions among the\nbuffers and the links become more complex. We investigate the sum-rate\nmaximization problem in the Time Division Broadcast (TDBC): the users send\nsignals to the RS in different time slots, the RS decodes and stores messages\nin the buffers. For downlink transmission, the RS re-encodes and sends using\nthe optimal broadcast strategy. The operation in each time slot is not\ndetermined in advance, but depends on the channel state information (CSI). We\nderive the decision function for adaptive link selection with respect to CSI\nusing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The thresholds of the decision\nfunction are obtained under Rayleigh fading channel conditions. The numerical\nresults show that the sum-rate of the adaptive link selection protocol with\nbuffering is significantly larger compared to the reference protocol with fixed\ntransmission schedule.\n" }, { "id": "2cd28d18-420a-4a39-b789-bb40fd8e2315", "adv_source_id": "2cd28d18-420a-4a39-b789-bb40fd8e2315", "source_id": "2cd28d18-420a-4a39-b789-bb40fd8e2315", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "\"Mind your p's and q's\": or the peregrinations of an apostrophe in 17th\n Century English", "prompt": null, "generation": " If the use of the apostrophe in contemporary English often marks the Saxon\ngenitive, it may also indicate the omission of one or more let-ters. Some\nwriters (wrongly?) use it to mark the plural in symbols or abbreviations,\nvisual-ised thanks to the isolation of the morpheme \"s\". This punctuation mark\nwas imported from the Continent in the 16th century. During the 19th century\nits use was standardised. However the rules of its usage still seem problematic\nto many, including literate speakers of English. \"All too often, the apostrophe\nis misplaced\", or \"errant apostrophes are springing up every-where\" is a\ncomplaint that Internet users fre-quently come across when visiting grammar\nwebsites. Many of them detail its various uses and misuses, and attempt to\ncorrect the most common mistakes about it, especially its mis-use in the\nplural, called greengrocers' apostro-phes and humorously misspelled\n\"greengro-cers apostrophe's\". While studying English travel accounts published\nin the seventeenth century, we noticed that the different uses of this symbol\nmay accompany various models of metaplasms. We were able to highlight the\nlinguistic variations of some lexemes, and trace the origin of modern grammar\nrules gov-erning its usage.\n" }, { "id": "ad2c1d45-5806-457d-adf4-bf4398b844cd", "adv_source_id": "ad2c1d45-5806-457d-adf4-bf4398b844cd", "source_id": "ad2c1d45-5806-457d-adf4-bf4398b844cd", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "A first-principles study of helium storage in oxides and at oxide--iron\n interfaces", "prompt": null, "generation": " Density-functional theory calculations based on conventional as well as\nhybrid exchange-correlation functionals have been carried out to study the\nproperties of helium in various oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, Y2O3, YAP, YAG, YAM, MgO,\nCaO, BaO, SrO) as well as at oxide-iron interfaces. Helium interstitials in\nbulk oxides are shown to be energetically more favorable than substitutional\nhelium, yet helium binds to existing vacancies. The solubility of He in oxides\nis systematically higher than in iron and scales with the free volume at the\ninterstitial site nearly independently of the chemical composition of the\noxide. In most oxides He migration is significantly slower and He--He binding\nis much weaker than in iron. To quantify the solubility of helium at oxide-iron\ninterfaces two prototypical systems are considered (Fe|MgO, Fe|FeO|MgO). In\nboth cases the He solubility is markedly enhanced in the interface compared to\neither of the bulk phases. The results of the calculations allow to construct a\nschematic energy landscape for He interstitials in iron. The implications of\nthese results are discussed in the context of helium sequestration in oxide\ndispersion strengthened steels, including the effects of interfaces and lattice\nstrain.\n" }, { "id": "ae35f1df-c7f5-4275-8851-352af2b3f251", "adv_source_id": "ae35f1df-c7f5-4275-8851-352af2b3f251", "source_id": "ae35f1df-c7f5-4275-8851-352af2b3f251", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "TIGER: A Tuning-Insensitive Approach for Optimally Estimating Gaussian\n Graphical Models", "prompt": null, "generation": " We propose a new procedure for estimating high dimensional Gaussian graphical\nmodels. Our approach is asymptotically tuning-free and non-asymptotically\ntuning-insensitive: it requires very few efforts to choose the tuning parameter\nin finite sample settings. Computationally, our procedure is significantly\nfaster than existing methods due to its tuning-insensitive property.\nTheoretically, the obtained estimator is simultaneously minimax optimal for\nprecision matrix estimation under different norms. Empirically, we illustrate\nthe advantages of our method using thorough simulated and real examples. The R\npackage bigmatrix implementing the proposed methods is available on the\nComprehensive R Archive Network: http://cran.r-project.org/.\n" }, { "id": "0f500f04-5955-48bd-802f-ad951c14189d", "adv_source_id": "0f500f04-5955-48bd-802f-ad951c14189d", "source_id": "0f500f04-5955-48bd-802f-ad951c14189d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On dimension folding of matrix- or array-valued statistical objects", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider dimension reduction for regression or classification in which the\npredictors are matrix- or array-valued. This type of predictor arises when\nmeasurements are obtained for each combination of two or more underlying\nvariables--for example, the voltage measured at different channels and times in\nelectroencephalography data. For these applications, it is desirable to\npreserve the array structure of the reduced predictor (e.g., time versus\nchannel), but this cannot be achieved within the conventional dimension\nreduction formulation. In this paper, we introduce a dimension reduction\nmethod, to be called dimension folding, for matrix- and array-valued predictors\nthat preserves the array structure. In an application of dimension folding to\nan electroencephalography data set, we correctly classify 97 out of 122\nsubjects as alcoholic or nonalcoholic based on their electroencephalography in\na cross-validation sample.\n" }, { "id": "1fa0be7f-d50d-461e-8494-e6f29c2e222b", "adv_source_id": "1fa0be7f-d50d-461e-8494-e6f29c2e222b", "source_id": "1fa0be7f-d50d-461e-8494-e6f29c2e222b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Non-Gaussianities from Perturbing Recombination", "prompt": null, "generation": " We approximately compute the bispectrum induced on the CMB temperature by\nfluctuations in the standard recombination epoch. Of all the second order\nsources that can induce non-Gaussianity during recombination, we concentrate on\nthose proportional to the perturbation in the free electron density, which is\nabout a factor of 5 larger than the other first order perturbations. This term\ninduces some non-Gaussianity by delaying the time of recombination and by\nchanging the photon diffusion scale. We find that the signal is not scale\ninvariant, peaked on squeezed triangles with the smaller multipole around the\nscale of the first acoustic peak, and that its size corresponds to an effective\nf_NL ~ -3.5, which could be marginally detected by Planck if both temperature\nand polarization are measured.\n" }, { "id": "f88a3c36-ed25-4344-a371-830e23cf1ef9", "adv_source_id": "f88a3c36-ed25-4344-a371-830e23cf1ef9", "source_id": "f88a3c36-ed25-4344-a371-830e23cf1ef9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The Guppy Effect as Interference", "prompt": null, "generation": " People use conjunctions and disjunctions of concepts in ways that violate the\nrules of classical logic, such as the law of compositionality. Specifically,\nthey overextend conjunctions of concepts, a phenomenon referred to as the Guppy\nEffect. We build on previous efforts to develop a quantum model that explains\nthe Guppy Effect in terms of interference. Using a well-studied data set with\n16 exemplars that exhibit the Guppy Effect, we developed a 17-dimensional\ncomplex Hilbert space H that models the data and demonstrates the relationship\nbetween overextension and interference. We view the interference effect as, not\na logical fallacy on the conjunction, but a signal that out of the two\nconstituent concepts, a new concept has emerged.\n" }, { "id": "8322b448-67a3-42b2-af6e-9891af4b3d0e", "adv_source_id": "8322b448-67a3-42b2-af6e-9891af4b3d0e", "source_id": "8322b448-67a3-42b2-af6e-9891af4b3d0e", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Coupling the valley degree of freedom to antiferromagnetic order", "prompt": null, "generation": " Conventional electronics are based invariably on the intrinsic degrees of\nfreedom of an electron, namely, its charge and spin. The exploration of novel\nelectronic degrees of freedom has important implications in both basic quantum\nphysics and advanced information technology. Valley as a new electronic degree\nof freedom has received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper,\nwe develop the theory of spin and valley physics of an antiferromagnetic\nhoneycomb lattice. We show that by coupling the valley degree of freedom to\nantiferromagnetic order, there is an emergent electronic degree of freedom\ncharacterized by the product of spin and valley indices, which leads to\nspin-valley dependent optical selection rule and Berry curvature-induced\ntopological quantum transport. These properties will enable optical\npolarization in the spin-valley space, and electrical detection/manipulation\nthrough the induced spin, valley and charge fluxes. The domain walls of an\nantiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice harbors valley-protected edge states that\nsupport spin-dependent transport. Finally, we employ first principles\ncalculations to show that the proposed optoelectronic properties can be\nrealized in antiferromagnetic manganese chalcogenophosphates (MnPX_3, X = S,\nSe) in monolayer form.\n" }, { "id": "fcf75bb9-f0d3-4b3b-ab4d-2f6a06d359c7", "adv_source_id": "fcf75bb9-f0d3-4b3b-ab4d-2f6a06d359c7", "source_id": "fcf75bb9-f0d3-4b3b-ab4d-2f6a06d359c7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Klein operator and the Numbers of independent Traces and Supertraces on\n the Superalgebra of Observables of Rational Calogero Model based on the Root\n System", "prompt": null, "generation": " In the Coxeter group W(R) generated by the root system R, let T(R) be the\nnumber of conjugacy classes having no eigenvalue 1 and let S(R) be the number\nof conjugacy classes having no eigenvalue -1. The algebra H{R) of observables\nof the rational Calogero model based on the root system R possesses T(R)\nindependent traces, the same algebra considered as an associative superalgebra\nwith respect to a certain natural parity possesses S(R) even independent\nsupertraces and no odd trace or supertrace. The numbers T(R) and S(R) are\ndetermined for all irreducible root systems (hence for all root systems). It is\nshown that T(R) =< S(R), and T(R) = S(R) if and only if superalgebra H(R)\ncontains a Klein operator (or, equivalently, W(R) containes -1).\n" }, { "id": "dda91704-7b00-46ef-a00d-631d1b56aac7", "adv_source_id": "dda91704-7b00-46ef-a00d-631d1b56aac7", "source_id": "dda91704-7b00-46ef-a00d-631d1b56aac7", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Properties of the 5- state at 839 keV in 176Lu and the s-process\n branching at A = 176", "prompt": null, "generation": " The s-process branching at mass number A = 176 depends on the coupling\nbetween the high-K ground state and a low-lying low-K isomer in 176Lu. This\ncoupling is based on electromagnetic transitions via intermediate states at\nhigher energies. The properties of the lowest experimentally confirmed\nintermediate state at 839 keV are reviewed, and the transition rate between\nlow-K and high-K states under stellar conditions is calculated on the basis of\nnew experimental data for the 839 keV state. Properties of further candidates\nfor intermediate states are briefly analyzed. It is found that the coupling\nbetween the high-K ground state and the low-K isomer in 176Lu is at least one\norder of magnitude stronger than previously assumed leading to crucial\nconsequences for the interpretation of the 176Lu/176Hf pair as an s-process\nthermometer.\n" }, { "id": "6c49a42b-d31d-44a6-800d-f0c917803265", "adv_source_id": "6c49a42b-d31d-44a6-800d-f0c917803265", "source_id": "6c49a42b-d31d-44a6-800d-f0c917803265", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "The 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction studied with a composite germanium detector", "prompt": null, "generation": " The rate of the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle of hydrogen burning is\ncontrolled by the 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction. The reaction proceeds by capture to\nthe ground states and several excited states in O-15. In order to obtain a\nreliable extrapolation of the excitation curve to astrophysical energy, fits in\nthe R-matrix framework are needed. In an energy range that sensitively tests\nsuch fits, new cross section data are reported here for the four major\ntransitions in the 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction. The experiment has been performed\nat the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) 400 kV\naccelerator placed deep underground in the Gran Sasso facility in Italy. Using\na composite germanium detector, summing corrections have been considerably\nreduced with respect to previous studies. The cross sections for capture to the\nground state and to the 5181, 6172, and 6792 keV excited states in O-15 have\nbeen determined at 359, 380, and 399 keV beam energy. In addition, the\nbranching ratios for the decay of the 278 keV resonance have been remeasured.\n" }, { "id": "f32ad98f-dea1-4b00-90d6-3275074f4a21", "adv_source_id": "f32ad98f-dea1-4b00-90d6-3275074f4a21", "source_id": "f32ad98f-dea1-4b00-90d6-3275074f4a21", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Boundaries of Graphs of Harmonic Functions", "prompt": null, "generation": " Harmonic functions $u:{\\mathbb R}^n \\to {\\mathbb R}^m$ are equivalent to\nintegral manifolds of an exterior differential system with independence\ncondition $(M,{\\mathcal I},\\omega)$. To this system one associates the space of\nconservation laws ${\\mathcal C}$. They provide necessary conditions for\n$g:{\\mathbb S}^{n-1} \\to M$ to be the boundary of an integral submanifold. We\nshow that in a local sense these conditions are also sufficient to guarantee\nthe existence of an integral manifold with boundary $g({\\mathbb S}^{n-1})$. The\nproof uses standard linear elliptic theory to produce an integral manifold\n$G:D^n \\to M$ and the completeness of the space of conservation laws to show\nthat this candidate has $g({\\mathbb S}^{n-1})$ as its boundary. As a corollary\nwe obtain a new elementary proof of the characterization of boundaries of\nholomorphic disks in ${\\mathbb C}^m$ in the local case.\n" }, { "id": "21049614-0d4f-4e1a-8fd2-03d0e4f8a6b9", "adv_source_id": "21049614-0d4f-4e1a-8fd2-03d0e4f8a6b9", "source_id": "21049614-0d4f-4e1a-8fd2-03d0e4f8a6b9", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Interpretation of the large-deformation high spin bands in selected\n A=158-168 nuclei", "prompt": null, "generation": " The high-spin rotational bands in 168Hf and the triaxial bands in Lu nuclei\nare analyzed using the configuration-constrained Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky\n(CNS) model. Special attention is given to the up-sloping extruder orbitals.\nThe relative alignment between the bands which appear to correspond to triaxial\nshape is also considered, including the yrast ultra-high spin band in 158Er.\nThis comparison suggests that the latter band is formed from rotation around\nthe intermediate axis. In addition, the standard approximations of the CNS\napproach are investigated, indicating that the errors which are introduced by\nthe neglect of off-shell matrix elements and the cut-off at 9 oscillator shells\n(N_{max}=8) are essentially negligible compared to other uncertainties. On the\nother hand, the full inclusion of the hexadecapole degree of freedom is more\nsignificant; for example it leads to a decrease of the total energy of ~ 500\nkeV in the TSD region of 168Hf.\n" }, { "id": "0337ae5f-bf4f-48db-b1d4-86db1c400e55", "adv_source_id": "0337ae5f-bf4f-48db-b1d4-86db1c400e55", "source_id": "0337ae5f-bf4f-48db-b1d4-86db1c400e55", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "An improved proximity force approximation for electrostatics", "prompt": null, "generation": " A quite straightforward approximation for the electrostatic interaction\nbetween two perfectly conducting surfaces suggests itself when the distance\nbetween them is much smaller than the characteristic lengths associated to\ntheir shapes. Indeed, in the so called \"proximity force approximation\" the\nelectrostatic force is evaluated by first dividing each surface into a set of\nsmall flat patches, and then adding up the forces due two opposite pairs, the\ncontribution of which are approximated as due to pairs of parallel planes. This\napproximation has been widely and successfully applied to different contexts,\nranging from nuclear physics to Casimir effect calculations. We present here an\nimprovement on this approximation, based on a derivative expansion for the\nelectrostatic energy contained between the surfaces. The results obtained could\nbe useful to discuss the geometric dependence of the electrostatic force, and\nalso as a convenient benchmark for numerical analyses of the tip-sample\nelectrostatic interaction in atomic force microscopes.\n" }, { "id": "941cc12f-5c5e-4de2-8c55-b37ef48c7ab8", "adv_source_id": "941cc12f-5c5e-4de2-8c55-b37ef48c7ab8", "source_id": "941cc12f-5c5e-4de2-8c55-b37ef48c7ab8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "TIRCAM2: The TIFR Near Infrared Imaging Camera", "prompt": null, "generation": " TIRCAM2 (TIFR Near Infrared Imaging Camera - II) is a closed cycle cooled\nimager that has been developed by the Infrared Astronomy Group at the Tata\nInstitute of Fundamental Research for observations in the near infrared band of\n1 to 3.7 microns with existing Indian telescopes. In this paper, we describe\nsome of the technical details of TIRCAM2 and report its observing capabilities,\nmeasured performance and limiting magnitudes with the 2-m IUCAA Girawali\ntelescope and the 1.2-m PRL Gurushikhar telescope. The main highlight is the\ncamera's capability of observing in the nbL (3.59 microns) band enabling our\nprimary motivation of mapping of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emission\nat 3.3 microns.\n" }, { "id": "6d67c421-36ed-4942-851d-53422ca24f8c", "adv_source_id": "6d67c421-36ed-4942-851d-53422ca24f8c", "source_id": "6d67c421-36ed-4942-851d-53422ca24f8c", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Domain wall propagation due to the synchronization with circularly\n polarized microwaves", "prompt": null, "generation": " Finding a new control parameter for magnetic domain wall (DW) motion in\nmagnetic nanostructures is important in general and in particular for the\nspintronics applications. Here, we show that a circularly polarized magnetic\nfield (CPMF) at GHz frequency (microwave) can efficiently drive a DW to\npropagate along a magnetic nanowire. Two motion modes are identified: rigid-DW\npropagation at low frequency and oscillatory propagation at high frequency.\nMoreover, DW motion under a CPMF is equivalent to the DW motion under a uniform\nspin current in the current perpendicular to the plane magnetic configuration\nproposed recently by Khvalkovskiy et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 067206 (2009)],\nand the CPMF frequency plays the role of the current.\n" }, { "id": "b4f854f5-d458-491e-b57d-eab4ac5216a6", "adv_source_id": "b4f854f5-d458-491e-b57d-eab4ac5216a6", "source_id": "b4f854f5-d458-491e-b57d-eab4ac5216a6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Transcritical flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate through a penetrable\n barrier", "prompt": null, "generation": " The problem of the transcritical flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate through a\nwide repulsive penetrable barrier is studied analytically using the combination\nof the localized \"hydraulic\" solution of the 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation and\nthe solutions of the Whitham modulation equations describing the resolution of\nthe upstream and downstream discontinuities through dispersive shocks. It is\nshown that within the physically reasonable range of parameters the downstream\ndispersive shock is attached to the barrier and effectively represents the\ntrain of very slow dark solitons, which can be observed in experiments. The\nrate of the soliton emission, the amplitudes of the solitons in the train and\nthe drag force are determined in terms of the BEC oncoming flow velocity and\nthe strength of the potential barrier. A good agreement with direct numerical\nsolutions is demonstrated. Connection with recent experiments is discussed.\n" }, { "id": "c82bdd11-6e68-41de-a19a-c923ebcb5cb8", "adv_source_id": "c82bdd11-6e68-41de-a19a-c923ebcb5cb8", "source_id": "c82bdd11-6e68-41de-a19a-c923ebcb5cb8", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Global Modeling and Prediction of Computer Network Traffic", "prompt": null, "generation": " We develop a probabilistic framework for global modeling of the traffic over\na computer network. This model integrates existing single-link (-flow) traffic\nmodels with the routing over the network to capture the global traffic\nbehavior. It arises from a limit approximation of the traffic fluctuations as\nthe time--scale and the number of users sharing the network grow. The resulting\nprobability model is comprised of a Gaussian and/or a stable, infinite variance\ncomponents. They can be succinctly described and handled by certain\n'space-time' random fields. The model is validated against simulated and real\ndata. It is then applied to predict traffic fluctuations over unobserved links\nfrom a limited set of observed links. Further, applications to anomaly\ndetection and network management are briefly discussed.\n" }, { "id": "c37e2152-93bd-4601-a596-f50390cbcd18", "adv_source_id": "c37e2152-93bd-4601-a596-f50390cbcd18", "source_id": "c37e2152-93bd-4601-a596-f50390cbcd18", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Exact solution of a model of a vesicle attached to a wall subject to\n mechanical deformation", "prompt": null, "generation": " Area-weighted Dyck-paths are a two-dimensional model for vesicles attached to\na wall. We model the mechanical response of a vesicle to a pulling force by\nextending this model.\n We obtain an exact solution using two different approaches, leading to a\nq-deformation of an algebraic functional equation, and a q-deformation of a\nlinear functional equation with a catalytic variable, respectively. While the\nnon-deformed linear functional equation is solved by substitution of special\nvalues of the catalytic variable (the so-called \"kernel method\"), the\nq-deformed case is solved by iterative substitution of the catalytic variable.\n Our model shows a non-trivial phase transition when a pulling force is\napplied. As soon as the area is weighted with non-unity weight, this transition\nvanishes.\n" }, { "id": "1eb9defd-d3c9-4672-95df-741952eb194a", "adv_source_id": "1eb9defd-d3c9-4672-95df-741952eb194a", "source_id": "1eb9defd-d3c9-4672-95df-741952eb194a", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "WASP-38b: A Transiting Exoplanet in an Eccentric, 6.87d Period Orbit", "prompt": null, "generation": " We report the discovery of WASP-38b, a long period transiting planet in an\neccentric 6.871815 day orbit. The transit epoch is 2455335.92050 +/- 0.00074\n(HJD) and the transit duration is 4.663 hours. WASP-38b's discovery was enabled\ndue to an upgrade to the SuperWASP-North cameras. We performed a spectral\nanalysis of the host star HD 146389/BD+10 2980 that yielded Teff = 6150 +/-\n80K, logg =4.3 +/- 0.1, vsini=8.6 +/- 0.4 km/s, M*=1.16 +/- 0.04 Msun and R*\n=1.33 +/- 0.03 Rsun, consistent with a dwarf of spectral type F8. Assuming a\nmain-sequence mass-radius relation for the star, we fitted simultaneously the\nradial velocity variations and the transit light curves to estimate the orbital\nand planetary parameters. The planet has a mass of 2.69 +/- 0.06 Mjup and a\nradius of 1.09 +/-0.03 Rjup giving a density, rho_p = 2.1 +/-0.1 rho_jup. The\nhigh precision of the eccentricity e=0.0314 +/- 0.0044 is due to the relative\ntransit timing from the light curves and the RV shape. The planet equilibrium\ntemperature is estimated at 1292 +/- 33K. WASP-38b is the longest period planet\nfound by SuperWASP-North and with a bright host star (V =9.4 mag), is a good\ncandidate for followup atmospheric studies.\n" }, { "id": "b290f99c-b66a-496a-91e6-5c8a0cd60688", "adv_source_id": "b290f99c-b66a-496a-91e6-5c8a0cd60688", "source_id": "b290f99c-b66a-496a-91e6-5c8a0cd60688", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Detection of atmospheric haze on an extrasolar planet: The 0.55 - 1.05\n micron transmission spectrum of HD189733b with the Hubble Space Telescope", "prompt": null, "generation": " The nearby transiting planet HD 189733b was observed during three transits\nwith the ACS camera of the Hubble Space Telescope in spectroscopic mode. The\nresulting time series of 675 spectra covers the 550-1050 nm range, with a\nresolution element of ~8 nm, at extremely high accuracy (signal-to-noise ratio\nup to 10,000 in 50 nm intervals in each individual spectrum). Using these data,\nwe disentangle the effects of limb darkening, measurement systematics, and\nspots on the surface of the host star, to calculate the wavelength dependence\nof the effective transit radius to an accuracy of ~50 km. This constitutes the\n``transmission spectrum'' of the planetary atmosphere. It indicates at each\nwavelength at what height the planetary atmosphere becomes opaque to the\ngrazing stellar light during the transit. In this wavelength range, strong\nfeatures due to sodium, potassium and water are predicted by atmosphere models\nfor a planet like HD 189733b, but they can be hidden by broad absorption from\nclouds or hazes higher up in the atmosphere.\n We observed an almost featureless transmission spectrum between 550 and 1050\nnm, with no indication of the expected sodium or potassium atomic absorption\nfeatures. Comparison of our results with the transit radius observed in the\nnear and mid-infrared (2-8 microns), and the slope of the spectrum, suggest the\npresence of a haze of sub-micron particles in the upper atmosphere of the\nplanet.\n" }, { "id": "e6268aae-a0ea-40e1-9fc6-fe9d0a79ba78", "adv_source_id": "e6268aae-a0ea-40e1-9fc6-fe9d0a79ba78", "source_id": "e6268aae-a0ea-40e1-9fc6-fe9d0a79ba78", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Improving the efficiency of organic light emitting diodes by use of a\n diluted light-emitting layer", "prompt": null, "generation": " The use of a thin mixed layer consisting of an inert diluent material and a\nlight emitting material between the hole-transport layer and electron-transport\nlayer of organic light-emitting diodes leads to an increase in the external\nquantum efficiency. The efficiency improvement is highly dependent on the\nthickness of the diluted light-emitting layer and driving current. Significant\nimprovement seen at low current densities is explained in terms of effective\nhole confinement by the mixed layer while a modest decreases in efficiency at\nhigher current densities may be attributed to luminescence quenching at the\nhole-transport layer/inert diluents material interface. The phenomena are\ndemonstrated with three different inert diluents materials. A maximum external\nquantum efficiency improvement of about 40% is found for a diluted\nlight-emitting layer thickness between 40 {\\AA} and 60 {\\AA}.\n" }, { "id": "21bc18b4-2b03-417f-810d-19c080b51f4f", "adv_source_id": "21bc18b4-2b03-417f-810d-19c080b51f4f", "source_id": "21bc18b4-2b03-417f-810d-19c080b51f4f", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Computing Weakly Reversible Linearly Conjugate Chemical Reaction\n Networks with Minimal Deficiency", "prompt": null, "generation": " Mass-action kinetics is frequently used in systems biology to model the\nbehaviour of interacting chemical species. Many important dynamical properties\nare known to hold for such systems if they are weakly reversible and have a low\ndeficiency. In particular, the Deficiency Zero and Deficiency One Theorems\nguarantee strong regularity with regards to the number and stability of\npositive equilibrium states. It is also known that chemical reaction networks\nwith disparate reaction structure can exhibit the same qualitative dynamics.\nThe theory of linear conjugacy encapsulates the cases where this relationship\nis captured by a linear transformation. In this paper, we propose a\nmixed-integer linear programming algorithm capable of determining weakly\nreversible reaction networks with a minimal deficiency which are linearly\nconjugate to a given reaction network.\n" }, { "id": "f0ad6ecd-3a0b-417f-a0e7-c0a8572b3013", "adv_source_id": "f0ad6ecd-3a0b-417f-a0e7-c0a8572b3013", "source_id": "f0ad6ecd-3a0b-417f-a0e7-c0a8572b3013", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "$G_2$ generating technique for minimal D=5 supergravity and black rings", "prompt": null, "generation": " A solution generating technique is developed for D=5 minimal supergravity\nwith two commuting Killing vectors based on the $G_2$ U-duality arising in the\nreduction of the theory to three dimensions. The target space of the\ncorresponding 3-dimensional sigma-model is the coset $G_{2(2)}/(SL(2,R)\\times\nSL(2,R))$. Its isometries constitute the set of solution generating symmetries.\nThese include two electric and two magnetic Harrison transformations with the\ncorresponding two pairs of gauge transformations, three $SL(2,R) S$-duality\ntransformations, and the three gravitational scale, gauge and Ehlers\ntransformations (altogether 14). We construct a representation of the coset in\nterms of $7\\times 7$ matrices realizing the automorphisms of split octonions.\nGenerating a new solution amounts to transforming the coset matrices by\none-parametric subgroups of $G_{2(2)}$ and subsequently solving the dualization\nequations. Using this formalism we derive a new charged black ring solution\nwith two independent parameters of rotation.\n" }, { "id": "23fa17dc-cb84-4ee2-9257-6fcca0a12e2b", "adv_source_id": "23fa17dc-cb84-4ee2-9257-6fcca0a12e2b", "source_id": "23fa17dc-cb84-4ee2-9257-6fcca0a12e2b", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Nonlinear structure in a current-carrying collisional dusty plasma", "prompt": null, "generation": " A perpendicular ion drift is investigated as a mechanism for the generation\nof magnetic field structures in a highly collisional dusty plasma. The basic\ndissipation mechanism is assumed to be the dust-neutrals momentum exchange, so\nthat plasmas with a small ionization fraction are natural candidates for\nexperiments. The model reduces to a nonlinear partial differential equation for\nthe vector potential. The conditions for linear instability are determined. The\nstationary states are periodic arrangements for the magnetic field, described\nby a Lienard equation. The fully depleted (ion-dust) case is also considered in\ndetail. Applications to planetary rings, comets and dust acoustic instability\nexperiments are analyzed. A necessary condition for the validity of the model\nis a sufficiently slow time-scale of the generated magnetic fields.\n" }, { "id": "76814887-e1d7-498e-b637-a2f7952651ec", "adv_source_id": "76814887-e1d7-498e-b637-a2f7952651ec", "source_id": "76814887-e1d7-498e-b637-a2f7952651ec", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Algebraic Yuzvinski Formula", "prompt": null, "generation": " In 1965 Adler, Konheim and McAndrew defined the topological entropy for\ncontinuous self-maps of compact spaces. Topological entropy is very\nwell-understood for endomorphisms of compact Abelian groups. A fundamental\nresult in this context is the so-called Yuzvinski Formula, showing that the\nvalue of the topological entropy of a full solenoidal automorphism coincides\nwith the Mahler measure of its characteristic polynomial. In two papers of 1979\nand 1981 Peters gave a different definition of entropy for automorphisms of\nlocally compact Abelian groups. This notion has been appropriately modified\nforendomorphisms in two recent papers, where it is called algebraic entropy.\nThe goal of this paper is to prove a perfect analog of the Yuzvinski Formula\nfor the algebraic entropy, namely, the Algebraic Yuzvinski Formula, giving the\nvalue of the algebraic entropy of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional\nrational vector space as the Mahler measure of its characteristic polynomial.\nFinally, several applications of the Algebraic Yuzvinski Formula and related\nopen problems are discussed.\n" }, { "id": "95ac1bfa-9046-42e7-b1b8-4493272ec0d6", "adv_source_id": "95ac1bfa-9046-42e7-b1b8-4493272ec0d6", "source_id": "95ac1bfa-9046-42e7-b1b8-4493272ec0d6", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Capacitated Domination: Constant Factor Approximation for Planar Graphs", "prompt": null, "generation": " We consider the capacitated domination problem, which models a\nservice-requirement assigning scenario and which is also a generalization of\nthe dominating set problem. In this problem, we are given a graph with three\nparameters defined on the vertex set, which are cost, capacity, and demand. The\nobjective of this problem is to compute a demand assignment of least cost, such\nthat the demand of each vertex is fully-assigned to some of its closed\nneighbours without exceeding the amount of capacity they provide.\n In this paper, we provide the first constant factor approximation for this\nproblem on planar graphs, based on a new perspective on the hierarchical\nstructure of outer-planar graphs. We believe that this new perspective and\ntechnique can be applied to other capacitated covering problems to help tackle\nvertices of large degrees.\n" }, { "id": "ab96b51d-cb1e-4d1c-83e8-4e9f9a7db675", "adv_source_id": "ab96b51d-cb1e-4d1c-83e8-4e9f9a7db675", "source_id": "ab96b51d-cb1e-4d1c-83e8-4e9f9a7db675", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Sensitive Magnetic Control of Ensemble Nuclear Spin Hyperpolarisation in\n Diamond", "prompt": null, "generation": " Dynamic nuclear polarisation, which transfers the spin polarisation of\nelectrons to nuclei, is routinely applied to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear\nmagnetic resonance; it is also critical in spintronics, particularly when spin\nhyperpolarisation can be produced and controlled optically or electrically.\nHere we show the complete polarisation of nuclei located near the\noptically-polarised nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond. When approaching\nthe ground-state level anti-crossing condition of the NV electron spins, 13C\nnuclei in the first-shell are polarised in a pattern that depends sensitively\nand sharply upon the magnetic field. Based on the anisotropy of the hyperfine\ncoupling and of the optical polarisation mechanism, we predict and observe a\ncomplete reversal of the nuclear spin polarisation with a few-mT change in the\nmagnetic field. The demonstrated sensitive magnetic control of nuclear\npolarisation at room temperature will be useful for sensitivity-enhanced NMR,\nnuclear-based spintronics, and quantum computation in diamond.\n" }, { "id": "d19db4eb-9972-44e5-af45-680708d2b26d", "adv_source_id": "d19db4eb-9972-44e5-af45-680708d2b26d", "source_id": "d19db4eb-9972-44e5-af45-680708d2b26d", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "Half-metallicity in NiMnSb: a Variational Cluster Approach with\n ab-initio parameters", "prompt": null, "generation": " Electron correlation effects in the half-metallic ferromagnet NiMnSb are\ninvestigated within a combined density functional and many-body approach.\nStarting from a realistic multi-orbital Hubbard-model including Mn and Ni-d\norbitals, the many-body problem is addressed via the Variational Cluster\nApproach. The density of states obtained in the calculation shows a strong\nspectral weight transfer towards the Fermi level in the occupied conducting\nmajority spin channel with respect to the uncorrelated case, as well as states\nwith vanishing quasiparticle weight in the minority spin gap. Although the two\nfeatures produce competing effects, the overall outcome is a strong reduction\nof the spin polarisation at the Fermi level with respect to the uncorrelated\ncase. This result emphasizes the importance of correlation in this material.\n" }, { "id": "bdc4d36d-c03f-47fa-837e-e91cbbdd5081", "adv_source_id": "bdc4d36d-c03f-47fa-837e-e91cbbdd5081", "source_id": "bdc4d36d-c03f-47fa-837e-e91cbbdd5081", "model": "human", "decoding": null, "repetition_penalty": null, "attack": "none", "domain": "abstracts", "title": "On the spectral moment of graphs with $k$ cut edges", "prompt": null, "generation": " Let $A(G)$ be the adjacency matrix of a graph $G$ with $\\lambda_{1}(G)$,\n$\\lambda_{2}(G)$, ..., $\\lambda_{n}(G)$ being its eigenvalues in non-increasing\norder. Call the number $S_k(G):=\\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\lambda_{i}^k(G) (k=0,1,...,n-1)$\nthe $k$th spectral moment of $G$. Let $S(G)=(S_0(G),S_1(G),...,S_{n-1}(G))$ be\nthe sequence of spectral moments of $G$. For two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$, we\nhave $G_1\\prec_sG_2$ if $S_i(G_1)=S_i(G_2) (i=0,1,...,k-1)$ and\n$S_k(G_1)