---
license: mit
tags:
- pytorch
- safetensors
- threshold-logic
- neuromorphic
- arithmetic
---

# threshold-halfadder

Adds two 1-bit inputs, producing sum and carry. The building block for all multi-bit adders.

## Circuit

```
      a       b
      │       │
      ├───┬───┤
      │   │   │
      ▼   │   ▼
  ┌──────┐│┌──────┐
  │  OR  │││ NAND │
  └──────┘│└──────┘
      │   │   │
      └───┼───┘
          ▼               a   b
      ┌──────┐            │   │
      │ AND  │            └─┬─┘
      └──────┘              ▼
          │            ┌──────┐
          ▼            │ AND  │
        sum            └──────┘
                           │
                           ▼
                        carry
```

The sum output uses XOR (2 layers), the carry uses AND (1 layer).

## Truth Table

| a | b | sum | carry |
|---|---|-----|-------|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |

Binary: a + b = (carry × 2) + sum

## Components

| Output | Function | Neurons | Layers |
|--------|----------|---------|--------|
| sum | XOR(a, b) | 3 | 2 |
| carry | AND(a, b) | 1 | 1 |

**Total: 4 neurons, 12 parameters**

## Arithmetic

The half adder computes a + b where a, b ∈ {0, 1}:

- 0 + 0 = 0 (sum=0, carry=0)
- 0 + 1 = 1 (sum=1, carry=0)
- 1 + 0 = 1 (sum=1, carry=0)
- 1 + 1 = 2 (sum=0, carry=1)

The carry represents the 2s place.

## Usage

```python
from safetensors.torch import load_file
import torch

w = load_file('model.safetensors')

def half_adder(a, b):
    inp = torch.tensor([float(a), float(b)])

    # XOR for sum
    or_out = int((inp @ w['xor.layer1.or.weight'] + w['xor.layer1.or.bias']).sum() >= 0)
    nand_out = int((inp @ w['xor.layer1.nand.weight'] + w['xor.layer1.nand.bias']).sum() >= 0)
    xor_inp = torch.tensor([float(or_out), float(nand_out)])
    sum_out = int((xor_inp @ w['xor.layer2.weight'] + w['xor.layer2.bias']).sum() >= 0)

    # AND for carry
    carry_out = int((inp @ w['carry.weight'] + w['carry.bias']).sum() >= 0)

    return sum_out, carry_out
```

## Files

```
threshold-halfadder/
├── model.safetensors
├── model.py
├── config.json
└── README.md
```

## License

MIT