---
language:
- da
- en
license: apache-2.0
base_model: ibm-granite/granite-speech-4.1-2b-plus
datasets:
- CoRal-project/coral-v3
tags:
- automatic-speech-recognition
- speech-translation
- danish
- speech-llm
pipeline_tag: automatic-speech-recognition
---

# Milo-ASR-v2

**A promptable Danish speech model.** Unlike a plain transcriber, you tell
Milo-ASR-v2 *what to do* with the audio — transcribe it, translate it to
English, or return structured JSON — all from a single model, chosen by the
instruction you give it.

It's a fine-tune of
[`ibm-granite/granite-speech-4.1-2b-plus`](https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-speech-4.1-2b-plus)
on the Danish [CoRal-v3](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v3)
corpus.

> If you only need the lowest possible Danish transcription error rate, a
> dedicated Whisper-style Danish ASR model will be more accurate. Milo-ASR-v2 is
> for when you want **one model that follows instructions** about the audio —
> and an easy path to **speaker-attributed transcripts** (see below).

## How it works

```mermaid
flowchart LR
    A([Danish audio]) --> M{{Milo-ASR-v2}}
    P([Your instruction]) --> M
    M --> T([Danish transcript])
    M --> E([English translation])
    M --> J([JSON output])
```

The same audio yields a transcript, an English translation, or JSON —
**selected by the instruction**.

## What it can do

All outputs below are **real model outputs**, not hand-written:

| Instruction | Output |
|---|---|
| `transskriber talen til dansk tekst.` | `Mest beværgelsesværdige er områderne med faciliteter for sportsgrene indenfor de alpine discipliner samt downhill mountainbike i år` |
| `Transcribe the speech and translate it into English.` | `Most popular is the areas with facilities for sports activities ... downhill mountain bike` |
| `Transcribe and return JSON like {"transcript": "..."}.` | `{"transcription": "Mest beværgelsesværdige er områderne med ..."}` |

## Quickstart

```python
import torch, soundfile as sf, librosa
from transformers import AutoModelForSpeechSeq2Seq, AutoProcessor

MODEL = "pluttodk/Milo-ASR-v2"
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(MODEL)
model = AutoModelForSpeechSeq2Seq.from_pretrained(
    MODEL, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto").eval()

SYSTEM = ("Knowledge Cutoff Date: April 2024.\nToday's Date: December 19, 2024.\n"
          "You are Granite, developed by IBM. You are a helpful AI assistant")

def run(wav_path, instruction, max_new_tokens=200):
    audio, sr = sf.read(wav_path, dtype="float32", always_2d=False)
    if audio.ndim > 1: audio = audio.mean(axis=1)
    if sr != 16000: audio = librosa.resample(audio, orig_sr=sr, target_sr=16000)
    audio = torch.from_numpy(audio).unsqueeze(0)
    chat = [{"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM},
            {"role": "user", "content": f"<|audio|> {instruction}"}]
    text = processor.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(chat, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
    inputs = processor(text, audio, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
    out = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, num_beams=5,
                         repetition_penalty=1.1, no_repeat_ngram_size=4, early_stopping=True)
    return processor.tokenizer.decode(out[0, inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)

print(run("clip.wav", "transskriber talen til dansk tekst."))                   # Danish transcript
print(run("clip.wav", "Transcribe the speech and translate it into English."))  # English translation
print(run("clip.wav", 'Transcribe and return JSON like {"transcript": "..."}.'))# JSON
```

## Speaker diarization — "who said what"

Milo-ASR-v2's own inline speaker tags are not reliable. For dependable
**speaker-attributed transcripts**, run a small diarization front-end (voice
activity detection → speaker embeddings → clustering) and let Milo-ASR-v2
transcribe each speaker turn:

```mermaid
flowchart LR
    A([Audio]) --> V[Voice activity detection]
    V --> S[Speaker embeddings + clustering]
    S --> G[Speaker turns]
    G --> R{{Milo-ASR-v2 per turn}}
    R --> O(["Speaker 1: ...   Speaker 2: ..."])
```

A complete, self-contained example using only open tools
(`pip install silero-vad scikit-learn librosa soundfile`):

```python
import torch, numpy as np, librosa, soundfile as sf
from sklearn.cluster import AgglomerativeClustering
from silero_vad import load_silero_vad, get_speech_timestamps
from transformers import AutoModelForSpeechSeq2Seq, AutoProcessor

SR = 16000
SYSTEM = ("Knowledge Cutoff Date: April 2024.\nToday's Date: December 19, 2024.\n"
          "You are Granite, developed by IBM. You are a helpful AI assistant")
NUM_SPEAKERS = 2          # set the known count, or None to auto-estimate

# load mono 16 kHz audio
wav, sr = sf.read("meeting.wav", dtype="float32", always_2d=False)
if wav.ndim > 1: wav = wav.mean(axis=1)
if sr != SR: wav = librosa.resample(wav, orig_sr=sr, target_sr=SR)

# 1) voice activity detection -> speech segments
vad = load_silero_vad()
segments = get_speech_timestamps(torch.from_numpy(wav), vad, sampling_rate=SR, return_seconds=True)

# 2) speaker embedding per segment (ReDimNet) -> clustering
embedder = torch.hub.load("IDRnD/ReDimNet", "ReDimNet",
                          model_name="b2", train_type="ptn", dataset="vox2", trust_repo=True).eval()
def embed(a):
    with torch.no_grad():
        e = embedder(torch.from_numpy(a).float().unsqueeze(0))[0].cpu().numpy()
    return e / (np.linalg.norm(e) + 1e-9)
emb = np.stack([embed(wav[int(s["start"]*SR):int(s["end"]*SR)]) for s in segments])
labels = AgglomerativeClustering(n_clusters=NUM_SPEAKERS, metric="cosine",
                                 linkage="average").fit_predict(emb)

# 3) transcribe each turn with Milo-ASR-v2
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("pluttodk/Milo-ASR-v2")
model = AutoModelForSpeechSeq2Seq.from_pretrained(
    "pluttodk/Milo-ASR-v2", dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto").eval()
def transcribe(a):
    chat = [{"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM},
            {"role": "user", "content": "<|audio|> transskriber talen til dansk tekst."}]
    text = processor.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(chat, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
    inp = processor(text, torch.from_numpy(a).float().unsqueeze(0), return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
    out = model.generate(**inp, max_new_tokens=200, num_beams=5, early_stopping=True)
    return processor.tokenizer.decode(out[0, inp["input_ids"].shape[-1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)

# 4) print speaker-attributed transcript in time order
speaker_no = {}
for seg, lab in sorted(zip(segments, labels), key=lambda x: x[0]["start"]):
    n = speaker_no.setdefault(int(lab), len(speaker_no) + 1)
    turn = wav[int(seg["start"]*SR):int(seg["end"]*SR)]
    print(f"[Speaker {n}]: {transcribe(turn)}")
```

## Performance

Danish ASR on the full CoRal-v3 **test** set (strict normalisation):

| Split | WER | CER |
|---|---:|---:|
| read-aloud | 18.1% | 8.5% |
| conversation | 33.2% | 19.9% |
| weighted | 25.3% | 14.0% |

On clean read-aloud validation it reaches ~16.8% WER / 6.9% CER. A dedicated
Whisper-style Danish ASR model is more accurate on raw transcription; pick
Milo-ASR-v2 for its promptable, multi-task behaviour.

## Limitations

- **Higher word error rate than a dedicated Whisper Danish ASR model** — see above.
- **English translation is serviceable, not publication-grade.**
- **Inline speaker tags are unreliable** — use the diarization recipe above for
  speaker-attributed output.
- Trained on read-aloud and conversational Danish; very noisy or far-field audio
  is out of distribution.

## How it was trained

Milo-ASR-v2 was adapted to Danish from IBM Granite-Speech in two stages: first a
Danish ASR fine-tune on CoRal-v3, then a mixed-task instruction fine-tune
(transcribe / translate / structured output) so it follows instructions while
keeping its transcription quality.

## License

Apache-2.0. Base model: IBM Granite-Speech-4.1-2B-Plus (Apache-2.0). Training
data: CoRal-v3.