query,label
"What is the capital of France?",low
"Who wrote Romeo and Juliet?",low
"How many days are in a leap year?",low
"What is the chemical symbol for Gold?",low
"Who was the first president of the United States?",low
"What is the largest ocean on Earth?",low
"How many planets are in our solar system?",low
"What color is the sky on a clear day?",low
"What is the boiling point of water in Celsius?",low
"Who painted the Mona Lisa?",low
"What is the capital of Japan?",low
"In what year did World War II end?",low
"What is the currency of the United Kingdom?",low
"What is the main ingredient in guacamole?",low
"Who discovered penicillin?",low
"What is the tallest mountain in the world?",low
"What is the freezing point of water?",low
"How many continents are there?",low
"Who is the author of Harry Potter?",low
"What is the capital of Canada?",low
"What is the largest organ in the human body?",low
"How many sides does a hexagon have?",low
"What planet is known as the Red Planet?",low
"What is the national animal of Australia?",low
"Who invented the telephone?",low
"What is the hardest natural substance on Earth?",low
"What is the capital of Germany?",low
"How many teeth does an adult human typically have?",low
"What gas do plants absorb from the atmosphere?",low
"Who wrote the Odyssey?",low
"What is the chemical formula for water?",low
"What is the capital of Italy?",low
"How many states are there in the United States?",low
"What is the primary language spoken in Brazil?",low
"What year did the Titanic sink?",low
"What is the speed of light in vacuum?",low
"Who was the second president of the United States?",low
"What is the capital of Spain?",low
"What is the largest planet in our solar system?",low
"How many rings are on the Olympic flag?",low
"What instrument is used to measure temperature?",low
"Who painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling?",low
"What is the smallest country in the world?",low
"What is the main component of natural gas?",low
"What is the capital of Australia?",low
"How many colors are in a rainbow?",low
"What currency is used in Japan?",low
"Who wrote Pride and Prejudice?",low
"What is the atomic number of Carbon?",low
"What is the capital of Egypt?",low
"What is the square root of 64?",low
"What is 15 multiplied by 4?",low
"How many hours are in a day?",low
"What is the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit?",low
"What is 100 divided by 5?",low
"Convert 5 kilometers to meters.",low
"What is 20 percent of 150?",low
"How many minutes are in 3 hours?",low
"What is 9 squared?",low
"What is 50 minus 18?",low
"What does CPU stand for?",low
"What does HTML stand for?",low
"What does URL stand for?",low
"What is a synonym for big?",low
"What is the opposite of hot?",low
"Define the word biology.",low
"What does HTTP stand for?",low
"What is the plural form of child?",low
"What does RAM stand for in computing?",low
"What is an antonym for bright?",low
"Translate hello to French.",low
"Capitalize the first letter of this word.",low
"Spell check the word receive.",low
"Say hello to the user.",low
"Convert this string to uppercase.",low
"Good morning, how are you?",low
"What time is it right now?",low
"Who is the current Prime Minister of the UK?",low
"What is the capital of India?",low
"What ocean lies between America and Europe?",low
"What is the symbol for Sodium on the periodic table?",low
"How many bones are in the human body?",low
"What is the capital of Russia?",low
"Who discovered gravity?",low
"What is the longest river in the world?",low
"What is the capital of China?",low
"What is the main language spoken in Mexico?",low
"What is the national currency of India?",low
"Who wrote Hamlet?",low
"What is the capital of South Korea?",low
"What is the symbol for Iron?",low
"What gas do humans exhale?",low
"What is the capital of Brazil?",low
"How many weeks are in a year?",low
"What is the capital of Argentina?",low
"What is the chemical symbol for Silver?",low
"What is the capital of Turkey?",low
"What is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit?",low
"What is the largest desert in the world?",low
"What is the capital of South Africa?",low
"Explain how a hash map works internally.",medium
"Write a Python function to check if a string is a palindrome.",medium
"What is the difference between TCP and UDP?",medium
"How do I filter a Pandas dataframe by column values?",medium
"Explain the concept of Dependency Injection in software design.",medium
"Write a SQL query to find the top 5 highest paid employees.",medium
"How does garbage collection work in Java?",medium
"Explain the difference between process and thread in operating systems.",medium
"Write a Python script to scrape table data from a webpage using BeautifulSoup.",medium
"How do CSS flexbox alignment properties work?",medium
"Explain how Git rebase differs from Git merge.",medium
"Write a JavaScript function to debounce a user input event.",medium
"What is the difference between REST and GraphQL APIs?",medium
"How do I set up a CORS header in an Express.js backend?",medium
"Explain the concept of virtual memory and paging in OS.",medium
"Write a Dockerfile for a basic Node.js web application.",medium
"How do Python decorators work under the hood?",medium
"Explain how asymmetric encryption works using public and private keys.",medium
"Write a Python function to compute the Fibonacci sequence using memoization.",medium
"What is the difference between inner join and outer join in SQL?",medium
"How do I handle file uploads in a FastAPI application?",medium
"Explain the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture pattern.",medium
"Write a Rust function to read a text file line by line.",medium
"What is the difference between a stack and a queue data structure?",medium
"How to implement a binary search algorithm in Python?",medium
"Explain how HTTP/2 multiplexing works compared to HTTP/1.1.",medium
"Write a C program to implement a singly linked list with insert and delete operations.",medium
"How does the Event Loop work in Node.js?",medium
"Explain the difference between abstract classes and interfaces in C#.",medium
"Write a regex pattern to validate email addresses.",medium
"How to set up JWT authentication in a Django REST Framework app?",medium
"Explain how a B-tree index improves database search performance.",medium
"Write a Python script to resize images in a directory using Pillow.",medium
"What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous I/O?",medium
"How do I configure Nginx as a reverse proxy for a Gunicorn app?",medium
"Explain the SOLID principles of object-oriented design with examples.",medium
"Write a JavaScript function to deep clone an object.",medium
"How to implement pagination in a PostgreSQL query using LIMIT and OFFSET?",medium
"Explain how Redis pub/sub messaging works.",medium
"Write a Bash script to monitor system CPU usage and log it to a file.",medium
"What is the difference between microservices and monolithic architecture?",medium
"How do I configure Prometheus to monitor a Go application?",medium
"Explain how TLS handshake works step by step.",medium
"Write a Python script to send an automated email with attachments using smtplib.",medium
"What is the difference between optimistic and pessimistic locking in databases?",medium
"How do I mock an API call in Pytest using unittest.mock?",medium
"Explain how CSS Grid layout works with template areas.",medium
"Write a TypeScript interface for a user profile object.",medium
"How to parse JSON in C++ using nlohmann/json library?",medium
"Explain the concept of tail call optimization in recursion.",medium
"Write a Python function to flatten a nested list.",medium
"How does connection pooling work in database drivers?",medium
"Explain the difference between mutable and immutable types in Python.",medium
"Write a Golang HTTP handler that returns JSON response.",medium
"How to resolve git merge conflicts in a team project?",medium
"Explain how webhooks work for real-time notifications.",medium
"Write a SQL query using window functions like ROW_NUMBER() and RANK().",medium
"What is the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy?",medium
"How to configure environment variables in Docker Compose?",medium
"Explain how sliding window pattern works for array problems.",medium
"Write a Python script to merge multiple CSV files into one.",medium
"How to implement rate limiting in a Flask API using Redis?",medium
"Explain the difference between HTTP GET and POST requests.",medium
"Write a C# method to serialize an object to JSON using System.Text.Json.",medium
"How does DNS resolution work from browser to server?",medium
"Explain the concept of closures in JavaScript with code examples.",medium
"Write a Python function to count word frequencies in a text file.",medium
"How do I handle global state management in React using Context API?",medium
"Explain how A/B testing works in web analytics.",medium
"Write a Shell script to backup a MySQL database daily.",medium
"What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?",medium
"How to implement custom middleware in Express.js?",medium
"Explain how garbage collection in Python uses reference counting and generational GC.",medium
"Write a Java method to check if two trees are isomorphic.",medium
"How do I configure SSL certificates using Let's Encrypt and Certbot?",medium
"Explain the concept of micro-frontends in web applications.",medium
"Write a Python script to interact with AWS S3 using boto3.",medium
"What is the difference between hard links and symbolic links in Linux?",medium
"How to implement dynamic programming solution for the knapsack problem?",medium
"Explain how OAuth 2.0 authorization code grant flow works.",medium
"Write a Rust function to parse command line arguments using clap.",medium
"How to implement soft deletion in ORMs like SQLAlchemy?",medium
"Explain how deadlocks occur in operating systems and how to prevent them.",medium
"Write a TypeScript generic function for sorting arrays of objects.",medium
"How to set up CI/CD pipeline using GitHub Actions for a Python package?",medium
"Explain the mechanics of a LSM-tree (Log-Structured Merge-tree) vs B-tree.",medium
"Write a Python script to parse log files and extract IP addresses using regex.",medium
"How to implement custom validation in Pydantic models?",medium
"Explain how cache invalidation strategies (write-through, write-back, cache-aside) work.",medium
"Write a Go routine program with channels to perform parallel matrix multiplication.",medium
"How to configure CORS in Spring Boot backend?",medium
"Explain how dynamic linking works in C/C++ Linux executables.",medium
"Write a Python script to compute TF-IDF scores for a collection of documents.",medium
"How to optimize SQL queries using EXPLAIN ANALYZE?",medium
"Explain how reactive programming works with RxJS observables.",medium
"Write a C++ class implementing RAII memory management for a dynamic resource.",medium
"How to configure Kubernetes ingress controller with Nginx?",medium
"Explain the difference between thread starvation and deadlock.",medium
"Write a Python function to solve the N-Queens problem using backtracking.",medium
"How to implement a custom LRU Cache in Python using OrderedDict?",medium
"Implement a lock-free multi-producer multi-consumer bounded queue in C++20 using atomic operations, memory order acquire/release semantics, and ABA prevention with epoch counters.",hard
"Derive the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow in spherical coordinates and prove the uniqueness of weak solutions under boundary conditions.",hard
"Design a fault-tolerant distributed consensus protocol based on Raft, including leader election, log compaction with snapshotting, dynamic membership changes, and proof of safety guarantees.",hard
"Calculate the contour integral of f(z) = e^(iz)/(z^2 + 1)^2 along the upper half-plane contour using the residue theorem and Jordan's Lemma.",hard
"Architect a zero-trust end-to-end encrypted messaging system with double-ratchet key exchange, post-quantum ML-KEM key encapsulation, out-of-order message handling, and perfect forward secrecy.",hard
"Write a custom eBPF kernel program using libbpf and XDP layer to perform high-speed packet filtering, SYN flood protection, and ring buffer event propagation to userspace in C.",hard
"Implement a lock-free SPMC (Single Producer Multiple Consumer) work-stealing deque in C++ using std::atomic and hazard pointers to prevent use-after-free during concurrent stealing.",hard
"Derive the complete backpropagation gradient equations for Multi-Head Attention with FlashAttention tiled online softmax optimization, showing memory savings during forward and backward passes.",hard
"Design a high-throughput LSM-tree storage engine in Go featuring SSTable block compression with zstd, sparse index filtering with Bloom filters, WAL recovery, and size-tiered compaction.",hard
"Analyze this x86-64 assembly dump for AVX-512 vectorization bottlenecks, identifying cache line bouncing, false sharing, and branch mispredictions under high thread contention.",hard
"Implement a custom tracing garbage collector in C using tri-color marking, write barriers for concurrent mutation, and compacting sweep phase to eliminate heap fragmentation.",hard
"Derive the general relativity field equations from the Hilbert-Einstein action using variational calculus with respect to the metric tensor g_uv.",hard
"Architect a multi-region distributed database system supporting serializable multi-document transactions using Hybrid Logical Clocks (HLC) and two-phase commit across Raft groups.",hard
"Write a Rust macro that parses a custom domain-specific language (DSL) at compile time, constructing zero-cost abstract syntax trees and static type assertions.",hard
"Prove the convergence rate of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for non-convex optimization under PL (Polyak-Lojasiewicz) inequality conditions.",hard
"Implement a complete WebAssembly JIT compiler backend in C++ targeting x86-64, including register allocation using graph coloring and SSA form construction.",hard
"Derive the analytical solution to the 3D Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation for a particle in an asymmetric double-well potential using perturbation theory.",hard
"Design a zero-copy network architecture using Linux io_uring, splice, and kTLS to achieve 100Gbps line-rate HTTPS proxying with minimal CPU overhead.",hard
"Write a lock-free memory allocator in C featuring thread-local arenas, slab allocation for small objects, and atomic lock-free freelists using double-width CAS operations.",hard
"Derive the Black-Scholes partial differential equation from first principles using Ito's Lemma and arbitrage-free pricing arguments, and solve it for European call options.",hard
"Implement a high-performance SIMD-accelerated JSON parser in C++ using AVX2 instructions to vectorize structural character identification and quote mask processing.",hard
"Prove that the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) decision version is NP-complete by reduction from the Hamiltonian Cycle problem.",hard
"Design a distributed vector database indexing system using Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) graphs with product quantization and SIMD distance search.",hard
"Derive the variational inference updates for Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) using mean-field approximation and ELBO optimization.",hard
"Write a CUDA C++ kernel for sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) using warp-level cooperative groups, shared memory tiling, and atomic hash collating.",hard
"Implement a distributed lock manager using Chubby/Zookeeper-style lease mechanisms, fencing tokens, and heartbeat failure detectors in Rust.",hard
"Derive the stress-energy tensor for a massive scalar field minimally coupled to gravity in curved spacetime.",hard
"Design an operating system microkernel IPC mechanism featuring zero-copy capability-based message passing, thread migration, and fastpath assembly context switches.",hard
"Write a custom LLVM compiler optimization pass in C++ that detects and vectorizes non-stride memory access patterns into gather/scatter instructions.",hard
"Prove the correctness and safety properties of the Paxos consensus algorithm using TLA+ temporal logic specification and model checking proofs.",hard
"Derive the exact closed-form expression for the option pricing under Heston stochastic volatility model using characteristic function inversion.",hard
"Implement a lock-free skip list data structure in C++ with concurrent insertion, deletion, and search using atomic pointer mark bits.",hard
"Design a fault-tolerant event streaming engine featuring partitioned append-only commit logs, zero-copy socket transfer, and distributed transactional producers.",hard
"Calculate the stress tensor distribution and stress intensity factor K_I for a semi-infinite crack in an elastic solid under Mode I loading.",hard
"Write a Linux kernel module in C implementing a custom block device driver with asynchronous request queueing and bio structure dispatch.",hard
"Derive the policy gradient theorem and show equivalence between REINFORCE, Actor-Critic, and PPO objective functions with generalized advantage estimation (GAE).",hard
"Implement a complete B+ Tree with concurrent optimistic lock coupling (latch crabbing) and page split rebalancing in C++.",hard
"Design a distributed ledger system utilizing Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) with asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (aBFT) consensus.",hard
"Derive the Renormalization Group equations for phi^4 scalar field theory at two-loop order using dimensional regularization and MS-bar scheme.",hard
"Write an optimizing garbage-collected virtual machine in Rust with generational copying collector, inline caches, and Bytecode JIT compilation.",hard
"Prove the tight lower bound for comparison-based sorting algorithms using decision tree height arguments.",hard
"Design a real-time ray tracing engine in C++/Vulkan with hardware-accelerated BVH traversal, path guiding, and spatio-temporal reservoir resampling (ReSTIR).",hard
"Derive the exact steady-state distribution of a M/M/c/K queueing network with customer balking and server breakdown/repair dynamics.",hard
"Implement a lock-free ring buffer in Rust supporting SPMC streaming with cache-aligned atomic sequence numbers and relaxed memory ordering.",hard
"Architect a secure enclave application using Intel SGX/AMD SEV featuring remote attestation, sealed storage key derivation, and enclave-to-enclave TLS channel.",hard
"Derive the Euler-Lagrange equations for a relativistic charged particle in an arbitrary electromagnetic field tensor F_uv.",hard
"Write a C++ static analyzer pass using Clang LibTooling to enforce custom memory safety rules and detect potential use-after-free bugs.",hard
"Prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the stochastic differential equation with non-Lipschitz drift coefficient using Yamada-Watanabe theorem.",hard
"Design a distributed graph processing framework based on the Pregel bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) model in Go with fault-tolerant vertex checkpointing.",hard
"Derive the optimal Kalman filter state estimation equations for a non-linear system using Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) and Unscented Transform (UKF).",hard
"Implement a BFT consensus engine using Tendermint engine architecture in Rust, featuring 2-step voting (prevote/precommit), block proposal verification, and WAL commit.",hard
"Calculate the differential cross-section for Moller scattering (e- e- -> e- e-) at tree level in Quantum Electrodynamics using Feynman rules and trace technology.",hard
"Write a custom memory-mapped virtual file system (VFS) layer in C for FUSE with extent-based file allocation and copy-on-write (CoW) snapshots.",hard
"Derive the backpropagation algorithm for Recurrent Neural Networks (BPTT) with LSTM gates, showing explicit handling of vanishing and exploding gradients.",hard
"Design a zero-knowledge proof circuit using Groth16/Plonk for verifying SHA-256 hash preimages without revealing the input secret.",hard
"Implement a distributed key-value store with Multi-Paxos replication, automatic node membership reconfiguration, and vector clock conflict resolution in C++.",hard
"Derive the thermodynamic properties and Bose-Einstein condensation temperature for an ideal Bose gas in a 3D harmonic trap potential.",hard
"Write a high-performance C++20 coroutine-based asynchronous network framework using io_uring submit queues and zero-alloc awaitables.",hard
"Prove NP-completeness of the 3-SAT problem by reduction from Circuit-SAT using Tseitin transformation.",hard
"Design a distributed time-series database with specialized delta-of-delta timestamp compression, Gorilla float XOR compression, and inverted index search.",hard
"Derive the Green's function for the wave equation in 3D unbounded domain and solve the inhomogeneous wave equation using retarded potentials.",hard
"Implement a lock-free hash map using hopscotch hashing with atomic atomic_compare_exchange loops and hazard pointers in C++.",hard
"Architect a multi-tenant database system with row-level security, tenant isolation at storage layer, and dynamic schema migration execution.",hard
"Derive the gradient of the ELBO with respect to variational parameters using the reparameterization trick for Variational Autoencoders (VAEs).",hard
"Write an eBPF program using bcc to hook kernel TCP functions and compute per-socket RTT distribution in real time.",hard
"Prove the safety and liveness properties of the Raft consensus algorithm under network partitions using formal TLA+ specifications.",hard
"Design a compiler auto-vectorizer pass that converts scalar loops into SIMD instructions using polyhedral loop transformation algorithms.",hard
"Derive the analytical solution for the quantum harmonic oscillator using ladder operators (creation and annihilation operators).",hard
"Implement a distributed file system (DFS) in Go featuring chunkservers, metadata master with lease-based chunk locking, and automatic re-balancing.",hard
"Calculate the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron at one-loop order in QED (Schwinger term alpha / 2 pi).",hard
"Write a custom lock-free memory pool in Rust using atomic CAS operations and ABA-resistant tagged pointers.",hard
"Derive the exact probability density function of the spectral radius of GUE (Gaussian Unitary Ensemble) random matrices using Wigner surmise.",hard
"Design an autonomous database query optimizer featuring cost estimation using learned neural cardinality estimators and dynamic programming join ordering.",hard
"Implement a real-time physics engine solver for rigid body dynamics using Projected Gauss-Seidel (PGS) impulse contact resolution in C++.",hard
"Derive the general equations for gravitational waves in linearized gravity and compute the energy flux radiated by a compact binary system.",hard
"Write a C++ source-to-source transformation tool using Clang AST Matchers to automatically insert bounds checking on raw pointer arithmetic.",hard
"Prove the security of RSA encryption under the Strong RSA Assumption in the Random Oracle Model.",hard
"Design a distributed stream processing engine based on Chandy-Lamport lightweight asynchronous snapshotting for exactly-once processing guarantees.",hard
"Derive the partition function and critical temperature of the 2D Ising model on a square lattice using Onsager's exact solution method.",hard
"Implement a SIMD-accelerated String Distance (Levenshtein / Hamming) calculator in Rust using AVX-512 byte-level comparisons.",hard
"Architect a global DNS authoritative server capable of serving 10 Million QPS using XDP kernel bypass, eBPF routing, and lockless memory tables.",hard
"Derive the backpropagation equations for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) using Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNN) framework.",hard
"Write a custom Linux kernel LSM (Linux Security Module) in C to enforce mandatory access control policies on file execution.",hard
"Prove that the 3-Coloring graph problem is NP-complete by reduction from 3-SAT.",hard
"Design a high-frequency trading (HFT) order book engine in C++ featuring sub-microsecond matching latency, LMAX Disruptor ring buffer, and lockless execution.",hard
"Derive the variational equations of motion for a constrained mechanical system using D'Alembert's principle and Lagrange multipliers.",hard
"Implement a lock-free MPMC queue using atomic ring buffer, sequence counters, and double CAS operations in C++17.",hard
"Calculate the loop corrections to the Higgs boson self-energy from top quark loops in the Standard Model.",hard
"Write a CUDA C++ kernel for 3D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using Cooley-Tukey algorithm with shared memory transposition.",hard
"Prove the security of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol under the Decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) assumption.",hard
"Design a distributed ledger using DAG consensus with SPECTRE/PHANTOM protocol to order arbitrary transactions with high throughput.",hard
"Derive the exact solution to the Fokker-Planck equation for a Brownian particle in a harmonic potential (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process).",hard
"Implement an optimizing JIT compiler for a Lisp dialect in C using libgccjit or LLVM C API.",hard
"Architect a zero-downtime database migration tool capable of schema changes on multi-terabyte tables without table locks.",hard
"Derive the exact expression for the Casimir force between two parallel conducting plates using quantum field theory zero-point energy summation.",hard
"Write an eBPF program to trace kernel page allocation failures and export stack traces to userspace via perf event buffer.",hard
"Prove the convergence of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to a local maximum of the log-likelihood function.",hard
"Design a fault-tolerant distributed object store featuring erasure coding (Reed-Solomon 8+4), scrubbers, and automated disk repair.",hard
"Derive the Einstein field equations in the presence of a cosmological constant Lambda from the modified Einstein-Hilbert action.",hard
"Implement a custom memory allocator in C++ with TLSF (Two-Level Segregated Fit) strategy for real-time embedded systems.",hard
"Calculate the partition function and heat capacity of a 3D Einstein solid using quantum statistical mechanics.",hard