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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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pipeline_tag: text-to-speech
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tags:
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- text-to-speech
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- tts
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- audio
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- speech-synthesis
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- voice-cloning
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- autoregressive
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- flow-matching
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language:
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- en
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- zh
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- ar
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- cs
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- nl
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- fi
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- fr
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- de
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- el
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- hi
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- id
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- it
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- ja
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- ko
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- pl
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- pt
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- ro
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- ru
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- es
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- th
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- tr
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- uk
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- vi
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- yue
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library_name: dots_tts
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---
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<p align="center">
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<img src="logo.png" alt="dots.tts" width="280">
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</p>
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# dots.tts-base
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**dots.tts** is a **2B-parameter fully continuous, end-to-end autoregressive (AR) text-to-speech system**. The backbone pairs a semantic encoder, an LLM, and an autoregressive flow-matching acoustic head over a 48 kHz AudioVAE — no discrete codec tokens anywhere in the pipeline.
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This repository hosts **`dots.tts-base`**, the **end-to-end pretrained checkpoint** trained on ~1.5M hours of speech. It is the foundation for the two post-trained variants and the recommended starting point for **fine-tuning**.
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| Checkpoint | Stage | Best for |
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|---|---|---|
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| **[dots.tts-base](https://huggingface.co/rednote-hilab/dots.tts-base)** ← *you are here* | Pretrain (~1.5M h) | Fine-tuning, full CFG / NFE control |
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| [dots.tts-soar](https://huggingface.co/rednote-hilab/dots.tts-soar) | + Self-corrective alignment | Highest zero-shot fidelity and speaker similarity |
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| [dots.tts-mf](https://huggingface.co/rednote-hilab/dots.tts-mf) | + MeanFlow distillation | Few-step inference (NFE = 3–4), low latency |
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---
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## Quick Start
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### Installation
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```bash
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conda create -n dots_tts python=3.10 -y
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conda activate dots_tts
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python -m pip install --upgrade pip
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python -m pip install "git+https://github.com/rednote-hilab/dots.tts.git" \
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-c "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rednote-hilab/dots.tts/main/constraints/recommended.txt"
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```
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### CLI
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```bash
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# Continuation voice cloning (reference audio + transcript) — recommended
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dots.tts \
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--model-name-or-path rednote-hilab/dots.tts-base \
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--text "Hello, this is a zero-shot voice cloning demonstration." \
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--prompt-audio /path/to/reference.wav \
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--prompt-text "The exact transcript of the reference audio." \
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--output clone.wav
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```
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### Python API
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```python
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from dots_tts.runtime import DotsTtsRuntime
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import soundfile as sf
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runtime = DotsTtsRuntime.from_pretrained(
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"rednote-hilab/dots.tts-base",
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precision="bfloat16",
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)
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result = runtime.generate(
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text="Hello, this is a quick speech synthesis test.",
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prompt_audio_path="/path/to/reference.wav",
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prompt_text="The exact transcript of the reference audio.",
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num_steps=10,
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guidance_scale=1.2,
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)
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sf.write("output.wav", result["audio"].float().cpu().squeeze().numpy(), result["sample_rate"])
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```
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### Recommended sampling settings
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| Flag | Recommended | Notes |
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|---|---:|---|
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| `--num-steps` | `10`–`32` | Flow-matching sampling steps; higher = better quality, slower |
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| `--guidance-scale` | `1.2` (default) | Standard CFG; raise modestly for stronger text/timbre adherence |
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### Fine-tuning
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`dots.tts-base` is the recommended starting point for fine-tuning. See the [training script](https://github.com/rednote-hilab/dots.tts/blob/main/scripts/train_dots_tts.py) and [smoke config](https://github.com/rednote-hilab/dots.tts/blob/main/configs/dots_tts.yaml) in the source repository:
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```bash
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accelerate launch scripts/train_dots_tts.py --config configs/dots_tts.yaml
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```
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---
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## Architecture
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A frozen **AudioVAE** encodes 48 kHz mono waveform into a continuous latent and decodes it back via a BigVGAN-style causal decoder. An **autoregressive backbone** predicts that latent one patch at a time:
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- **Semantic encoder** — re-encodes each newly generated VAE patch into a compact embedding for the LLM, stripping high-variance acoustic detail.
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- **LLM** — initialized from **Qwen2.5-1.5B-Base**, consumes BPE text directly (no phonemes), emits one hidden state per audio step.
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- **AR flow-matching head** — a DiT that conditions on the LLM hidden state and the AR prefix to denoise the next VAE patch, with a frozen CAM++ speaker x-vector as side input.
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---
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## Performance — `dots.tts-base`
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### Seed-TTS-Eval (zero-shot, ~3 s reference)
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| Model | Params | test-en WER↓ / SIM↑ | test-zh WER↓ / SIM↑ | test-zh-hard WER↓ / SIM↑ | **Avg WER↓ / SIM↑** |
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|---|---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
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| Seed-TTS | — | 2.25 / 76.2 | 1.12 / 79.6 | 7.59 / 77.6 | 3.65 / 77.8 |
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| Qwen3-TTS | 1.7B | 1.23 / 71.7 | 1.22 / 77.0 | 6.76 / 74.8 | 3.07 / 74.5 |
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| VoxCPM 2 | 2B | 1.84 / 75.3 | 0.97 / 79.5 | 8.13 / 75.3 | 3.65 / 76.7 |
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| **dots.tts-base** | **2B** | 1.34 / 76.8 | 0.96 / 80.5 | 6.46 / 79.2 | **2.92** / 78.8 |
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### MiniMax Multilingual (24 languages, average)
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| Model | Avg WER↓ | Avg SIM↑ |
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|---|:---:|:---:|
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| MiniMax | 2.8 | 76.6 |
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| Fish-Audio S2 | 3.7 | 78.0 |
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| VoxCPM 2 | 5.7 | 82.3 |
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| **dots.tts-base** | 6.6 | **83.5** |
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See the [project README](https://github.com/rednote-hilab/dots.tts#-performance) for the full per-language breakdown, CV3-Eval and EmergentTTS-Eval results.
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---
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## Risks and Limitations
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- **Misuse risk.** High-fidelity zero-shot voice cloning can produce highly realistic synthetic speech. This checkpoint is intended for research and authorized deployment. Do **not** use it for impersonation, fraud, or disinformation. Combine downstream use with consent-aware reference-audio policies, robust synthetic-speech detection, and content watermarking. Clearly mark AI-generated audio.
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- **Low-resource WER gap.** A BPE backbone inherits the text LLM's language coverage at the cost of a higher data appetite. On script-divergent and under-represented languages (Arabic, Hindi, Turkish, Vietnamese) WER is higher than on high-resource languages; speaker similarity is preserved.
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- **Speech-heavy training.** The backbone is trained on a speech-heavy mixture. Singing and unified speech + sound generation are not covered.
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---
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{dotstts2026,
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title = {dots.tts Technical Report},
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author = {dots.tts Team},
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journal = {arXiv preprint},
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year = {2026},
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}
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```
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## License
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Released under [Apache-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
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