---
language:
- id
license: apache-2.0
tags:
- indonesian
- causal-lm
- instruction-tuning
- small-language-model
- from-scratch
base_model: ripkiiiii/IDK-1
datasets:
- ripkiiiii/IDK-1-Instruct-Data
pipeline_tag: text-generation
---

# IDK-1-Instruct

**IDK-1-Instruct** is an instruction-tuned version of IDK-1, a 106M parameter Indonesian small language model (SLM) trained from scratch.

> Part of the **I Don't Know (IDK)** AI series by [Deflated](https://deflated.xyz).

---

## Model Details

| Property | Value |
|----------|-------|
| **Base model** | IDK-1 (pre-trained, step 25k) |
| **Parameters** | 106.24M |
| **Architecture** | LLaMA-style decoder-only transformer |
| **Vocab size** | 40,002 (40k BPE + 2 special tokens) |
| **Context length** | 512 tokens |
| **Language** | Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) |
| **License** | Apache 2.0 |

### Architecture Config

```
dim       = 768
n_layers  = 12
n_heads   = 12
n_kv_heads = 4   (GQA)
ffn_dim   = 2048
RoPE theta = 500,000
logit_cap  = 30.0 (Gemma 2 style soft-capping)
```

---

## Training

### SFT Data

- **4,810 instruction pairs** in ChatML format
- Topics: factual Indonesian Q&A, summarization, ELI5 explanations, practical tips, conversations, count-following tasks
- Format:
```json
{"messages": [
  {"role": "user", "content": "..."},
  {"role": "assistant", "content": "..."}
]}
```

### SFT Rounds

| Round | Base | Data | LR | Epochs | Best Val |
|-------|------|------|----|--------|----------|
| v1 | IDK-1 step 25k | 1,390 pairs | 2e-5 | 3 | 3.0506 |
| v2 | IDK-1 step 25k | 3,010 pairs | 3e-5 | 5 | 2.1709 |
| v3 | sft_best v2 | 3,810 pairs | 1e-5 | 3 | 2.0808 |
| v4 | sft_best v3 | 4,810 pairs | 5e-6 | 3 | **1.3670** |

Training was done on Kaggle (T4 GPU) using PyTorch with loss masking on non-assistant tokens.

### Special Tokens

```
<|im_start|>  → id 40000
<|im_end|>    → id 40001
```

---

## Usage

```python
import torch
from tokenizers import Tokenizer

# Load tokenizer
tokenizer = Tokenizer.from_file("tokenizer.json")
im_start = tokenizer.token_to_id("<|im_start|>")
im_end   = tokenizer.token_to_id("<|im_end|>")

def build_prompt(user_message):
    return f"<|im_start|>user\n{user_message}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n"

# Load model (see IDK-1 repo for model definition)
# model = IDK1Model(IDK1Config())
# ckpt = torch.load("sft_best.pt", map_location="cpu")
# model.load_state_dict(ckpt["model"])

prompt = build_prompt("Jelaskan apa itu kecerdasan buatan dalam 3 poin.")
```

---

## Limitations

- **Open-ended reasoning** — complex topics may drift or produce incoherent output. Root cause: noisy CulturaX pre-training data + 100M param ceiling.
- **Knowledge cutoff** — pre-trained on Wikipedia ID + CulturaX ID snapshots. No real-time knowledge.
- **Context length** — max 512 tokens. Not suitable for long-document tasks.
- **Language** — optimized for Indonesian. English or mixed-language prompts may degrade quality.
- **Not for production** — this is a research/learning project. Do not use for medical, legal, or safety-critical applications.

---

## What Works Well

- ✅ Count-following instructions ("Sebutkan 3 hal tentang...")
- ✅ Short factual Q&A in Indonesian
- ✅ Simple summarization
- ✅ Practical tips and how-to explanations
- ✅ Basic conversational responses

---

## Project

IDK-1 was built as a learning + portfolio project to demonstrate training an Indonesian SLM from scratch on commodity hardware (Kaggle free tier).

- **GitHub:** [github.com/ripkiiii/IDK-1](https://github.com/ripkiiii/IDK-1)
- **Blog:** [deflated.xyz](https://deflated.xyz)
- **Pre-trained base:** `idk-ai/IDK-1`
- **SFT dataset:** `idk-ai/IDK-1-Instruct-Data`

---

## Citation

```bibtex
@misc{idk1instruct2026,
  title  = {IDK-1-Instruct: Instruction-tuned Indonesian Small Language Model},
  author = {Muhammad Rifky Firmansyah Sujana},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://huggingface.co/idk-ai/IDK-1-Instruct}
}
```