import logging
import math
import os
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple

import torch
from torch import no_grad
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from accelerate import Accelerator
from tqdm import tqdm

from .utils import prepare_calibration_input
from .wrapper import HiddenStatesRecordWrapper

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_REGULARIZATION_EPS = 1e-5


def _matrix_inverse_sqrt(matrix: torch.Tensor, epsilon: float = 1e-9) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Compute the inverse square root of a symmetric matrix via eigendecomposition."""
    eigvals, eigvecs = torch.linalg.eigh(matrix.to(torch.float32))
    inv_sqrt = 1.0 / (torch.sqrt(torch.clamp(eigvals, min=0.0)) + epsilon)
    inv_sqrt_mat = eigvecs @ torch.diag(inv_sqrt) @ eigvecs.transpose(-2, -1)
    return inv_sqrt_mat.to(matrix.dtype)


def _maybe_get(sequence: Optional[List[Optional[torch.Tensor]]], idx: int) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]:
    if sequence is None:
        return None
    return sequence[idx]


def _call_layer_forward(
    layer: torch.nn.Module,
    hidden_state: torch.Tensor,
    attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    position_ids: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    cache_position: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    model_type: Optional[str],
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Run a single transformer block on calibration activations."""
    kwargs = {}
    if attention_mask is not None:
        kwargs["attention_mask"] = attention_mask
    if position_ids is not None:
        kwargs["position_ids"] = position_ids
    if cache_position is not None and model_type in {"llama", "mistral"}:
        kwargs["cache_position"] = cache_position

    outputs = layer(hidden_state, **kwargs)
    return outputs[0] if isinstance(outputs, (tuple, list)) else outputs


def _compute_cova_matrices_iterative_dist(
    X_list: List[torch.Tensor],
    Y_list: List[torch.Tensor],
    accelerator: Accelerator,
):
    """Compute first and second-order moments in a distributed-friendly way."""
    device = accelerator.device
    hidden_dim = X_list[0].shape[-1]

    X_sum_local = torch.zeros(hidden_dim, dtype=torch.float64)
    Y_sum_local = torch.zeros(hidden_dim, dtype=torch.float64)
    total_tokens_local = 0

    for x in X_list:
        x_flat = x.view(-1, hidden_dim).to(dtype=torch.float64)
        X_sum_local += x_flat.sum(dim=0)
        total_tokens_local += x_flat.shape[0]
    for y in Y_list:
        y_flat = y.view(-1, hidden_dim).to(dtype=torch.float64)
        Y_sum_local += y_flat.sum(dim=0)

    X_sum_global = accelerator.reduce(X_sum_local.to(device), reduction="sum")
    Y_sum_global = accelerator.reduce(Y_sum_local.to(device), reduction="sum")
    total_tokens_tensor = torch.tensor(total_tokens_local, device=device, dtype=torch.float64)
    total_tokens_global = accelerator.reduce(total_tokens_tensor, reduction="sum").item()

    if total_tokens_global <= 1:
        raise RuntimeError("Not enough calibration tokens to compute covariance matrices.")

    X_mean = (X_sum_global / total_tokens_global).to(torch.float32)
    Y_mean = (Y_sum_global / total_tokens_global).to(torch.float32)

    Cxx_local = torch.zeros((hidden_dim, hidden_dim), device=device, dtype=torch.float64)
    Cyy_local = torch.zeros_like(Cxx_local)
    Cxy_local = torch.zeros_like(Cxx_local)

    X_mean64 = X_mean.to(device=device, dtype=torch.float64)
    Y_mean64 = Y_mean.to(device=device, dtype=torch.float64)

    for x, y in zip(X_list, Y_list):
        x_centered = x.view(-1, hidden_dim).to(device=device, dtype=torch.float64) - X_mean64
        y_centered = y.view(-1, hidden_dim).to(device=device, dtype=torch.float64) - Y_mean64

        Cxx_local += x_centered.T @ x_centered
        Cyy_local += y_centered.T @ y_centered
        Cxy_local += x_centered.T @ y_centered

    denom = float(total_tokens_global - 1)
    Cxx_global = accelerator.reduce(Cxx_local, reduction="sum") / denom
    Cyy_global = accelerator.reduce(Cyy_local, reduction="sum") / denom
    Cxy_global = accelerator.reduce(Cxy_local, reduction="sum") / denom

    Cxx = Cxx_global.to(torch.float32)
    Cyy = Cyy_global.to(torch.float32)
    Cxy = Cxy_global.to(torch.float32)

    return X_mean, Y_mean, Cxx, Cyy, Cxy


def compute_cca(
    X_list: List[torch.Tensor],
    Y_list: List[torch.Tensor],
    accelerator: Accelerator,
    regularization: float = _REGULARIZATION_EPS,
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Compute canonical correlations following the NBL formulation."""
    device = accelerator.device
    _, _, Cxx, Cyy, Cxy = _compute_cova_matrices_iterative_dist(X_list, Y_list, accelerator)

    eye_x = torch.eye(Cxx.size(0), device=device, dtype=Cxx.dtype)
    eye_y = torch.eye(Cyy.size(0), device=device, dtype=Cyy.dtype)

    Cxx_reg = Cxx + regularization * eye_x
    Cyy_reg = Cyy + regularization * eye_y

    Cxx_inv_sqrt = _matrix_inverse_sqrt(Cxx_reg)
    Cyy_inv_sqrt = _matrix_inverse_sqrt(Cyy_reg)

    corr_matrix = Cyy_inv_sqrt @ Cxy @ Cxx_inv_sqrt
    _, singular_values, _ = torch.linalg.svd(corr_matrix, full_matrices=False)
    correlations = torch.clamp(singular_values.real, min=0.0, max=1.0)
    return correlations


def _collect_layer_calibration(
    layer: torch.nn.Module,
    num_samples: int,
    inputs: List[torch.Tensor],
    attention_mask: Optional[List[Optional[torch.Tensor]]],
    position_ids: Optional[List[Optional[torch.Tensor]]],
    cache_position: Optional[List[Optional[torch.Tensor]]],
    model_type: Optional[str],
) -> Tuple[List[torch.Tensor], List[torch.Tensor], List[torch.Tensor]]:
    """Capture pre-layernorm inputs, normalized activations and attention outputs with lightweight forward hooks."""
    module_pre_norm = layer.input_layernorm
    module_attn = layer.self_attn

    wrapped_pre_norm = HiddenStatesRecordWrapper(module_pre_norm, record_input=True, record_output=True)
    wrapped_attn = HiddenStatesRecordWrapper(module_attn, record_input=False, record_output=True)

    def pre_norm_hook(_, hook_inputs, output):
        inp = hook_inputs[0] if isinstance(hook_inputs, tuple) else hook_inputs
        out = output[0] if isinstance(output, (tuple, list)) else output
        wrapped_pre_norm.record(inp.detach(), out.detach())

    def attn_hook(_, __, output):
        attn_out = output[0] if isinstance(output, (tuple, list)) else output
        wrapped_attn.record(None, attn_out.detach())

    handles = [
        module_pre_norm.register_forward_hook(pre_norm_hook),
        module_attn.register_forward_hook(attn_hook),
    ]

    working_inputs = [inp.clone() for inp in inputs]
    for j in range(num_samples):
        _call_layer_forward(
            layer,
            working_inputs[j],
            _maybe_get(attention_mask, j),
            _maybe_get(position_ids, j),
            _maybe_get(cache_position, j),
            model_type,
        )

    for handle in handles:
        handle.remove()

    residual_inputs = wrapped_pre_norm.input_hidden_states
    norm_inputs = wrapped_pre_norm.output_hidden_states
    attn_outputs = wrapped_attn.output_hidden_states

    return residual_inputs, norm_inputs, attn_outputs


def _advance_layer_states(
    layer: torch.nn.Module,
    inputs: List[torch.Tensor],
    outputs: List[Optional[torch.Tensor]],
    attention_mask: Optional[List[Optional[torch.Tensor]]],
    position_ids: Optional[List[Optional[torch.Tensor]]],
    cache_position: Optional[List[Optional[torch.Tensor]]],
    model_type: Optional[str],
) -> Tuple[List[torch.Tensor], List[torch.Tensor]]:
    """Propagate calibration activations to the next transformer block in place."""
    num_samples = len(inputs)
    for j in range(num_samples):
        outputs[j] = _call_layer_forward(
            layer,
            inputs[j],
            _maybe_get(attention_mask, j),
            _maybe_get(position_ids, j),
            _maybe_get(cache_position, j),
            model_type,
        )
    return outputs, inputs


@no_grad()
def get_nbl_metrics(
    model,
    dataloader: DataLoader,
    accelerator: Accelerator,
    num_samples: int,
    cache_file: Optional[str] = None,
):
    device = accelerator.device

    if cache_file is not None and os.path.exists(cache_file):
        accelerator.print(f"Loading cached NBL metrics from {cache_file}")
        return torch.load(cache_file, map_location=device)

    accelerator.print(
        f"No cached NBL metrics found. Running model on {num_samples} samples for each device."
    )

    unwrapped_model = accelerator.unwrap_model(model)
    unwrapped_model.config.use_cache = False
    layers = unwrapped_model.model.layers
    model_type = getattr(unwrapped_model.config, "model_type", None)

    inputs, outputs, attention_mask, position_ids, cache_position = prepare_calibration_input(
        unwrapped_model, dataloader, num_samples
    )

    nmse_scores = torch.full((len(layers),), math.inf, device=device)

    for idx in tqdm(range(len(layers)), desc="Calculating NBL metrics...", disable=not accelerator.is_main_process):
        layer_module = layers[idx]

        residual_list, norm_list, Y_list_raw = _collect_layer_calibration(
            layer_module,
            num_samples,
            inputs,
            attention_mask,
            position_ids,
            cache_position,
            model_type,
        )

        # Use the post-layernorm activations that actually feed the attention
        # block as the NBL "X". This aligns the statistics with what the
        # linearized layer will see at inference.
        Y_plus_list = [y + x for x, y in zip(norm_list, Y_list_raw)]
        correlations = compute_cca(norm_list, Y_plus_list, accelerator)
        nmse_scores[idx] = torch.sum(1 - correlations.square())

        accelerator.print(f"Layer {idx} NMSE: {nmse_scores[idx].item()}")

        inputs, outputs = _advance_layer_states(
            layer_module,
            inputs,
            outputs,
            attention_mask,
            position_ids,
            cache_position,
            model_type,
        )

    if cache_file is not None and accelerator.is_main_process:
        cache_dir = os.path.dirname(cache_file)
        if cache_dir:
            os.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
        torch.save(nmse_scores.clone().cpu(), cache_file)
        logger.info("Saving cached NBL metrics to %s", cache_file)
    accelerator.wait_for_everyone()

    return nmse_scores


def calculate_nbl_weights(
    X_list: List[torch.Tensor],
    Y_list: List[torch.Tensor],
    accelerator: Accelerator,
    regularization: float = _REGULARIZATION_EPS,
):
    """Solve the LMMSE system that maps normalized inputs to attention outputs."""
    device = accelerator.device
    X_mean, Y_mean, Cxx, _, Cxy = _compute_cova_matrices_iterative_dist(X_list, Y_list, accelerator)

    eye_x = torch.eye(Cxx.size(0), device=device, dtype=Cxx.dtype)
    Cxx_reg = Cxx + regularization * eye_x
    Cyx = Cxy.transpose(0, 1)

    X_mean = X_mean.to(device)
    Y_mean = Y_mean.to(device)
    W = Cyx @ torch.linalg.pinv(Cxx_reg)
    b = Y_mean - W @ X_mean

    return W.cpu(), b.cpu()


@no_grad()
def apply_nbl_linearization(
    model,
    dataloader: DataLoader,
    accelerator: Accelerator,
    num_samples: int,
    num_layers_to_linearize: int,
    nbl_metric_cache_file: Optional[str] = None,
):
    nmse_scores = get_nbl_metrics(
        model,
        dataloader,
        accelerator,
        num_samples,
        cache_file=nbl_metric_cache_file,
    )

    sorted_nmse, sorted_indices = torch.sort(nmse_scores, dim=0, descending=False)
    layers_to_linearize = sorted_indices[:num_layers_to_linearize].tolist()
    accelerator.print(
        f"Linearizing layers: {layers_to_linearize} with NMSE scores: {sorted_nmse[:num_layers_to_linearize].tolist()}"
    )

    unwrapped_model = accelerator.unwrap_model(model)
    model_layers = unwrapped_model.model.layers
    model_type = getattr(unwrapped_model.config, "model_type", None)

    inputs, outputs, attention_mask, position_ids, cache_position = prepare_calibration_input(
        unwrapped_model, dataloader, num_samples
    )

    linearization_data = {}

    for idx in tqdm(range(len(model_layers)), desc="Calculating linearization weights...", disable=not accelerator.is_main_process):
        layer_module = model_layers[idx]

        if idx in layers_to_linearize:
            residual_list, norm_list, Y_list = _collect_layer_calibration(
                layer_module,
                num_samples,
                inputs,
                attention_mask,
                position_ids,
                cache_position,
                model_type,
            )

            # Fit on the normalized inputs that are used at inference time
            W, b = calculate_nbl_weights(norm_list, Y_list, accelerator)
            linearization_data[idx] = {"W": W, "b": b}
            accelerator.print(f"Calculated weights for layer {idx}")

        inputs, outputs = _advance_layer_states(
            layer_module,
            inputs,
            outputs,
            attention_mask,
            position_ids,
            cache_position,
            model_type,
        )

    return linearization_data