diffusers/models/controlnets/controlnet_z_image.py

# Copyright 2025 Alibaba Z-Image Team and The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import math
from typing import Literal

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.nn.utils.rnn import pad_sequence

from ...configuration_utils import ConfigMixin, register_to_config
from ...loaders import PeftAdapterMixin
from ...loaders.single_file_model import FromOriginalModelMixin
from ...models.attention_processor import Attention
from ...models.normalization import RMSNorm
from ...utils.torch_utils import maybe_allow_in_graph
from ..attention_dispatch import dispatch_attention_fn
from ..controlnets.controlnet import zero_module
from ..modeling_utils import ModelMixin


ADALN_EMBED_DIM = 256
SEQ_MULTI_OF = 32


# Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.TimestepEmbedder
class TimestepEmbedder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, out_size, mid_size=None, frequency_embedding_size=256):
        super().__init__()
        if mid_size is None:
            mid_size = out_size
        self.mlp = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(frequency_embedding_size, mid_size, bias=True),
            nn.SiLU(),
            nn.Linear(mid_size, out_size, bias=True),
        )

        self.frequency_embedding_size = frequency_embedding_size

    @staticmethod
    def timestep_embedding(t, dim, max_period=10000):
        with torch.amp.autocast("cuda", enabled=False):
            half = dim // 2
            freqs = torch.exp(
                -math.log(max_period) * torch.arange(start=0, end=half, dtype=torch.float32, device=t.device) / half
            )
            args = t[:, None].float() * freqs[None]
            embedding = torch.cat([torch.cos(args), torch.sin(args)], dim=-1)
            if dim % 2:
                embedding = torch.cat([embedding, torch.zeros_like(embedding[:, :1])], dim=-1)
            return embedding

    def forward(self, t):
        t_freq = self.timestep_embedding(t, self.frequency_embedding_size)
        weight_dtype = self.mlp[0].weight.dtype
        compute_dtype = getattr(self.mlp[0], "compute_dtype", None)
        if weight_dtype.is_floating_point:
            t_freq = t_freq.to(weight_dtype)
        elif compute_dtype is not None:
            t_freq = t_freq.to(compute_dtype)
        t_emb = self.mlp(t_freq)
        return t_emb


# Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.ZSingleStreamAttnProcessor
class ZSingleStreamAttnProcessor:
    """
    Processor for Z-Image single stream attention that adapts the existing Attention class to match the behavior of the
    original Z-ImageAttention module.
    """

    _attention_backend = None
    _parallel_config = None

    def __init__(self):
        if not hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention"):
            raise ImportError(
                "ZSingleStreamAttnProcessor requires PyTorch 2.0. To use it, please upgrade PyTorch to version 2.0 or higher."
            )

    def __call__(
        self,
        attn: Attention,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        encoder_hidden_states: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        freqs_cis: torch.Tensor | None = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        query = attn.to_q(hidden_states)
        key = attn.to_k(hidden_states)
        value = attn.to_v(hidden_states)

        query = query.unflatten(-1, (attn.heads, -1))
        key = key.unflatten(-1, (attn.heads, -1))
        value = value.unflatten(-1, (attn.heads, -1))

        # Apply Norms
        if attn.norm_q is not None:
            query = attn.norm_q(query)
        if attn.norm_k is not None:
            key = attn.norm_k(key)

        # Apply RoPE
        def apply_rotary_emb(x_in: torch.Tensor, freqs_cis: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
            with torch.amp.autocast("cuda", enabled=False):
                x = torch.view_as_complex(x_in.float().reshape(*x_in.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
                freqs_cis = freqs_cis.unsqueeze(2)
                x_out = torch.view_as_real(x * freqs_cis).flatten(3)
                return x_out.type_as(x_in)  # todo

        if freqs_cis is not None:
            query = apply_rotary_emb(query, freqs_cis)
            key = apply_rotary_emb(key, freqs_cis)

        # Cast to correct dtype
        dtype = query.dtype
        query, key = query.to(dtype), key.to(dtype)

        # From [batch, seq_len] to [batch, 1, 1, seq_len] -> broadcast to [batch, heads, seq_len, seq_len]
        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.ndim == 2:
            attention_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]

        # Compute joint attention
        hidden_states = dispatch_attention_fn(
            query,
            key,
            value,
            attn_mask=attention_mask,
            dropout_p=0.0,
            is_causal=False,
            backend=self._attention_backend,
            parallel_config=self._parallel_config,
        )

        # Reshape back
        hidden_states = hidden_states.flatten(2, 3)
        hidden_states = hidden_states.to(dtype)

        output = attn.to_out[0](hidden_states)
        if len(attn.to_out) > 1:  # dropout
            output = attn.to_out[1](output)

        return output


# Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.FeedForward
class FeedForward(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim: int, hidden_dim: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.w1 = nn.Linear(dim, hidden_dim, bias=False)
        self.w2 = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, dim, bias=False)
        self.w3 = nn.Linear(dim, hidden_dim, bias=False)

    def _forward_silu_gating(self, x1, x3):
        return F.silu(x1) * x3

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.w2(self._forward_silu_gating(self.w1(x), self.w3(x)))


# Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.select_per_token
def select_per_token(
    value_noisy: torch.Tensor,
    value_clean: torch.Tensor,
    noise_mask: torch.Tensor,
    seq_len: int,
) -> torch.Tensor:
    noise_mask_expanded = noise_mask.unsqueeze(-1)  # (batch, seq_len, 1)
    return torch.where(
        noise_mask_expanded == 1,
        value_noisy.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, seq_len, -1),
        value_clean.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, seq_len, -1),
    )


@maybe_allow_in_graph
# Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.ZImageTransformerBlock
class ZImageTransformerBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        layer_id: int,
        dim: int,
        n_heads: int,
        n_kv_heads: int,
        norm_eps: float,
        qk_norm: bool,
        modulation=True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.head_dim = dim // n_heads

        # Refactored to use diffusers Attention with custom processor
        # Original Z-Image params: dim, n_heads, n_kv_heads, qk_norm
        self.attention = Attention(
            query_dim=dim,
            cross_attention_dim=None,
            dim_head=dim // n_heads,
            heads=n_heads,
            qk_norm="rms_norm" if qk_norm else None,
            eps=1e-5,
            bias=False,
            out_bias=False,
            processor=ZSingleStreamAttnProcessor(),
        )

        self.feed_forward = FeedForward(dim=dim, hidden_dim=int(dim / 3 * 8))
        self.layer_id = layer_id

        self.attention_norm1 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)
        self.ffn_norm1 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)

        self.attention_norm2 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)
        self.ffn_norm2 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)

        self.modulation = modulation
        if modulation:
            self.adaLN_modulation = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(min(dim, ADALN_EMBED_DIM), 4 * dim, bias=True))

    def forward(
        self,
        x: torch.Tensor,
        attn_mask: torch.Tensor,
        freqs_cis: torch.Tensor,
        adaln_input: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        noise_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        adaln_noisy: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        adaln_clean: torch.Tensor | None = None,
    ):
        if self.modulation:
            seq_len = x.shape[1]

            if noise_mask is not None:
                # Per-token modulation: different modulation for noisy/clean tokens
                mod_noisy = self.adaLN_modulation(adaln_noisy)
                mod_clean = self.adaLN_modulation(adaln_clean)

                scale_msa_noisy, gate_msa_noisy, scale_mlp_noisy, gate_mlp_noisy = mod_noisy.chunk(4, dim=1)
                scale_msa_clean, gate_msa_clean, scale_mlp_clean, gate_mlp_clean = mod_clean.chunk(4, dim=1)

                gate_msa_noisy, gate_mlp_noisy = gate_msa_noisy.tanh(), gate_mlp_noisy.tanh()
                gate_msa_clean, gate_mlp_clean = gate_msa_clean.tanh(), gate_mlp_clean.tanh()

                scale_msa_noisy, scale_mlp_noisy = 1.0 + scale_msa_noisy, 1.0 + scale_mlp_noisy
                scale_msa_clean, scale_mlp_clean = 1.0 + scale_msa_clean, 1.0 + scale_mlp_clean

                scale_msa = select_per_token(scale_msa_noisy, scale_msa_clean, noise_mask, seq_len)
                scale_mlp = select_per_token(scale_mlp_noisy, scale_mlp_clean, noise_mask, seq_len)
                gate_msa = select_per_token(gate_msa_noisy, gate_msa_clean, noise_mask, seq_len)
                gate_mlp = select_per_token(gate_mlp_noisy, gate_mlp_clean, noise_mask, seq_len)
            else:
                # Global modulation: same modulation for all tokens (avoid double select)
                mod = self.adaLN_modulation(adaln_input)
                scale_msa, gate_msa, scale_mlp, gate_mlp = mod.unsqueeze(1).chunk(4, dim=2)
                gate_msa, gate_mlp = gate_msa.tanh(), gate_mlp.tanh()
                scale_msa, scale_mlp = 1.0 + scale_msa, 1.0 + scale_mlp

            # Attention block
            attn_out = self.attention(
                self.attention_norm1(x) * scale_msa, attention_mask=attn_mask, freqs_cis=freqs_cis
            )
            x = x + gate_msa * self.attention_norm2(attn_out)

            # FFN block
            x = x + gate_mlp * self.ffn_norm2(self.feed_forward(self.ffn_norm1(x) * scale_mlp))
        else:
            # Attention block
            attn_out = self.attention(self.attention_norm1(x), attention_mask=attn_mask, freqs_cis=freqs_cis)
            x = x + self.attention_norm2(attn_out)

            # FFN block
            x = x + self.ffn_norm2(self.feed_forward(self.ffn_norm1(x)))

        return x


# Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.RopeEmbedder
class RopeEmbedder:
    def __init__(
        self,
        theta: float = 256.0,
        axes_dims: list[int] = (16, 56, 56),
        axes_lens: list[int] = (64, 128, 128),
    ):
        self.theta = theta
        self.axes_dims = axes_dims
        self.axes_lens = axes_lens
        assert len(axes_dims) == len(axes_lens), "axes_dims and axes_lens must have the same length"
        self.freqs_cis = None

    @staticmethod
    def precompute_freqs_cis(dim: list[int], end: list[int], theta: float = 256.0):
        with torch.device("cpu"):
            freqs_cis = []
            for i, (d, e) in enumerate(zip(dim, end)):
                freqs = 1.0 / (theta ** (torch.arange(0, d, 2, dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu") / d))
                timestep = torch.arange(e, device=freqs.device, dtype=torch.float64)
                freqs = torch.outer(timestep, freqs).float()
                freqs_cis_i = torch.polar(torch.ones_like(freqs), freqs).to(torch.complex64)  # complex64
                freqs_cis.append(freqs_cis_i)

            return freqs_cis

    def __call__(self, ids: torch.Tensor):
        assert ids.ndim == 2
        assert ids.shape[-1] == len(self.axes_dims)
        device = ids.device

        if self.freqs_cis is None:
            self.freqs_cis = self.precompute_freqs_cis(self.axes_dims, self.axes_lens, theta=self.theta)
            self.freqs_cis = [freqs_cis.to(device) for freqs_cis in self.freqs_cis]
        else:
            # Ensure freqs_cis are on the same device as ids
            if self.freqs_cis[0].device != device:
                self.freqs_cis = [freqs_cis.to(device) for freqs_cis in self.freqs_cis]

        result = []
        for i in range(len(self.axes_dims)):
            index = ids[:, i]
            result.append(self.freqs_cis[i][index])
        return torch.cat(result, dim=-1)


@maybe_allow_in_graph
class ZImageControlTransformerBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        layer_id: int,
        dim: int,
        n_heads: int,
        n_kv_heads: int,
        norm_eps: float,
        qk_norm: bool,
        modulation=True,
        block_id=0,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.head_dim = dim // n_heads

        # Refactored to use diffusers Attention with custom processor
        # Original Z-Image params: dim, n_heads, n_kv_heads, qk_norm
        self.attention = Attention(
            query_dim=dim,
            cross_attention_dim=None,
            dim_head=dim // n_heads,
            heads=n_heads,
            qk_norm="rms_norm" if qk_norm else None,
            eps=1e-5,
            bias=False,
            out_bias=False,
            processor=ZSingleStreamAttnProcessor(),
        )

        self.feed_forward = FeedForward(dim=dim, hidden_dim=int(dim / 3 * 8))
        self.layer_id = layer_id

        self.attention_norm1 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)
        self.ffn_norm1 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)

        self.attention_norm2 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)
        self.ffn_norm2 = RMSNorm(dim, eps=norm_eps)

        self.modulation = modulation
        if modulation:
            self.adaLN_modulation = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(min(dim, ADALN_EMBED_DIM), 4 * dim, bias=True))

        # Control variant start
        self.block_id = block_id
        if block_id == 0:
            self.before_proj = zero_module(nn.Linear(self.dim, self.dim))
        self.after_proj = zero_module(nn.Linear(self.dim, self.dim))

    def forward(
        self,
        c: torch.Tensor,
        x: torch.Tensor,
        attn_mask: torch.Tensor,
        freqs_cis: torch.Tensor,
        adaln_input: torch.Tensor | None = None,
    ):
        # Control
        if self.block_id == 0:
            c = self.before_proj(c) + x
            all_c = []
        else:
            all_c = list(torch.unbind(c))
            c = all_c.pop(-1)

        # Compared to `ZImageTransformerBlock` x -> c
        if self.modulation:
            assert adaln_input is not None
            scale_msa, gate_msa, scale_mlp, gate_mlp = self.adaLN_modulation(adaln_input).unsqueeze(1).chunk(4, dim=2)
            gate_msa, gate_mlp = gate_msa.tanh(), gate_mlp.tanh()
            scale_msa, scale_mlp = 1.0 + scale_msa, 1.0 + scale_mlp

            # Attention block
            attn_out = self.attention(
                self.attention_norm1(c) * scale_msa, attention_mask=attn_mask, freqs_cis=freqs_cis
            )
            c = c + gate_msa * self.attention_norm2(attn_out)

            # FFN block
            c = c + gate_mlp * self.ffn_norm2(self.feed_forward(self.ffn_norm1(c) * scale_mlp))
        else:
            # Attention block
            attn_out = self.attention(self.attention_norm1(c), attention_mask=attn_mask, freqs_cis=freqs_cis)
            c = c + self.attention_norm2(attn_out)

            # FFN block
            c = c + self.ffn_norm2(self.feed_forward(self.ffn_norm1(c)))

        # Control
        c_skip = self.after_proj(c)
        all_c += [c_skip, c]
        c = torch.stack(all_c)
        return c


class ZImageControlNetModel(ModelMixin, ConfigMixin, PeftAdapterMixin, FromOriginalModelMixin):
    _supports_gradient_checkpointing = True

    @register_to_config
    def __init__(
        self,
        control_layers_places: list[int] = None,
        control_refiner_layers_places: list[int] = None,
        control_in_dim=None,
        add_control_noise_refiner: Literal["control_layers", "control_noise_refiner"] | None = None,
        all_patch_size=(2,),
        all_f_patch_size=(1,),
        dim=3840,
        n_refiner_layers=2,
        n_heads=30,
        n_kv_heads=30,
        norm_eps=1e-5,
        qk_norm=True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.control_layers_places = control_layers_places
        self.control_in_dim = control_in_dim
        self.control_refiner_layers_places = control_refiner_layers_places
        self.add_control_noise_refiner = add_control_noise_refiner

        assert 0 in self.control_layers_places

        # control blocks
        self.control_layers = nn.ModuleList(
            [
                ZImageControlTransformerBlock(i, dim, n_heads, n_kv_heads, norm_eps, qk_norm, block_id=i)
                for i in self.control_layers_places
            ]
        )

        # control patch embeddings
        all_x_embedder = {}
        for patch_idx, (patch_size, f_patch_size) in enumerate(zip(all_patch_size, all_f_patch_size)):
            x_embedder = nn.Linear(f_patch_size * patch_size * patch_size * self.control_in_dim, dim, bias=True)
            all_x_embedder[f"{patch_size}-{f_patch_size}"] = x_embedder

        self.control_all_x_embedder = nn.ModuleDict(all_x_embedder)
        if self.add_control_noise_refiner == "control_layers":
            self.control_noise_refiner = None
        elif self.add_control_noise_refiner == "control_noise_refiner":
            self.control_noise_refiner = nn.ModuleList(
                [
                    ZImageControlTransformerBlock(
                        1000 + layer_id,
                        dim,
                        n_heads,
                        n_kv_heads,
                        norm_eps,
                        qk_norm,
                        modulation=True,
                        block_id=layer_id,
                    )
                    for layer_id in range(n_refiner_layers)
                ]
            )
        else:
            self.control_noise_refiner = nn.ModuleList(
                [
                    ZImageTransformerBlock(
                        1000 + layer_id,
                        dim,
                        n_heads,
                        n_kv_heads,
                        norm_eps,
                        qk_norm,
                        modulation=True,
                    )
                    for layer_id in range(n_refiner_layers)
                ]
            )

        self.t_scale: float | None = None
        self.t_embedder: TimestepEmbedder | None = None
        self.all_x_embedder: nn.ModuleDict | None = None
        self.cap_embedder: nn.Sequential | None = None
        self.rope_embedder: RopeEmbedder | None = None
        self.noise_refiner: nn.ModuleList | None = None
        self.context_refiner: nn.ModuleList | None = None
        self.x_pad_token: nn.Parameter | None = None
        self.cap_pad_token: nn.Parameter | None = None

    @classmethod
    def from_transformer(cls, controlnet, transformer):
        controlnet.t_scale = transformer.t_scale
        controlnet.t_embedder = transformer.t_embedder
        controlnet.all_x_embedder = transformer.all_x_embedder
        controlnet.cap_embedder = transformer.cap_embedder
        controlnet.rope_embedder = transformer.rope_embedder
        controlnet.noise_refiner = transformer.noise_refiner
        controlnet.context_refiner = transformer.context_refiner
        controlnet.x_pad_token = transformer.x_pad_token
        controlnet.cap_pad_token = transformer.cap_pad_token
        return controlnet

    @staticmethod
    # Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.ZImageTransformer2DModel.create_coordinate_grid
    def create_coordinate_grid(size, start=None, device=None):
        if start is None:
            start = (0 for _ in size)
        axes = [torch.arange(x0, x0 + span, dtype=torch.int32, device=device) for x0, span in zip(start, size)]
        grids = torch.meshgrid(axes, indexing="ij")
        return torch.stack(grids, dim=-1)

    # Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.ZImageTransformer2DModel._patchify_image
    def _patchify_image(self, image: torch.Tensor, patch_size: int, f_patch_size: int):
        """Patchify a single image tensor: (C, F, H, W) -> (num_patches, patch_dim)."""
        pH, pW, pF = patch_size, patch_size, f_patch_size
        C, F, H, W = image.size()
        F_tokens, H_tokens, W_tokens = F // pF, H // pH, W // pW
        image = image.view(C, F_tokens, pF, H_tokens, pH, W_tokens, pW)
        image = image.permute(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6, 0).reshape(F_tokens * H_tokens * W_tokens, pF * pH * pW * C)
        return image, (F, H, W), (F_tokens, H_tokens, W_tokens)

    # Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.ZImageTransformer2DModel._pad_with_ids
    def _pad_with_ids(
        self,
        feat: torch.Tensor,
        pos_grid_size: tuple,
        pos_start: tuple,
        device: torch.device,
        noise_mask_val: int | None = None,
    ):
        """Pad feature to SEQ_MULTI_OF, create position IDs and pad mask."""
        ori_len = len(feat)
        pad_len = (-ori_len) % SEQ_MULTI_OF
        total_len = ori_len + pad_len

        # Pos IDs
        ori_pos_ids = self.create_coordinate_grid(size=pos_grid_size, start=pos_start, device=device).flatten(0, 2)
        if pad_len > 0:
            pad_pos_ids = (
                self.create_coordinate_grid(size=(1, 1, 1), start=(0, 0, 0), device=device)
                .flatten(0, 2)
                .repeat(pad_len, 1)
            )
            pos_ids = torch.cat([ori_pos_ids, pad_pos_ids], dim=0)
            padded_feat = torch.cat([feat, feat[-1:].repeat(pad_len, 1)], dim=0)
            pad_mask = torch.cat(
                [
                    torch.zeros(ori_len, dtype=torch.bool, device=device),
                    torch.ones(pad_len, dtype=torch.bool, device=device),
                ]
            )
        else:
            pos_ids = ori_pos_ids
            padded_feat = feat
            pad_mask = torch.zeros(ori_len, dtype=torch.bool, device=device)

        noise_mask = [noise_mask_val] * total_len if noise_mask_val is not None else None  # token level
        return padded_feat, pos_ids, pad_mask, total_len, noise_mask

    # Copied from diffusers.models.transformers.transformer_z_image.ZImageTransformer2DModel.patchify_and_embed
    def patchify_and_embed(
        self, all_image: list[torch.Tensor], all_cap_feats: list[torch.Tensor], patch_size: int, f_patch_size: int
    ):
        """Patchify for basic mode: single image per batch item."""
        device = all_image[0].device
        all_img_out, all_img_size, all_img_pos_ids, all_img_pad_mask = [], [], [], []
        all_cap_out, all_cap_pos_ids, all_cap_pad_mask = [], [], []

        for image, cap_feat in zip(all_image, all_cap_feats):
            # Caption
            cap_out, cap_pos_ids, cap_pad_mask, cap_len, _ = self._pad_with_ids(
                cap_feat, (len(cap_feat) + (-len(cap_feat)) % SEQ_MULTI_OF, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0), device
            )
            all_cap_out.append(cap_out)
            all_cap_pos_ids.append(cap_pos_ids)
            all_cap_pad_mask.append(cap_pad_mask)

            # Image
            img_patches, size, (F_t, H_t, W_t) = self._patchify_image(image, patch_size, f_patch_size)
            img_out, img_pos_ids, img_pad_mask, _, _ = self._pad_with_ids(
                img_patches, (F_t, H_t, W_t), (cap_len + 1, 0, 0), device
            )
            all_img_out.append(img_out)
            all_img_size.append(size)
            all_img_pos_ids.append(img_pos_ids)
            all_img_pad_mask.append(img_pad_mask)

        return (
            all_img_out,
            all_cap_out,
            all_img_size,
            all_img_pos_ids,
            all_cap_pos_ids,
            all_img_pad_mask,
            all_cap_pad_mask,
        )

    def patchify(
        self,
        all_image: list[torch.Tensor],
        patch_size: int,
        f_patch_size: int,
    ):
        pH = pW = patch_size
        pF = f_patch_size
        all_image_out = []

        for i, image in enumerate(all_image):
            ### Process Image
            C, F, H, W = image.size()
            F_tokens, H_tokens, W_tokens = F // pF, H // pH, W // pW

            image = image.view(C, F_tokens, pF, H_tokens, pH, W_tokens, pW)
            # "c f pf h ph w pw -> (f h w) (pf ph pw c)"
            image = image.permute(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6, 0).reshape(F_tokens * H_tokens * W_tokens, pF * pH * pW * C)

            image_ori_len = len(image)
            image_padding_len = (-image_ori_len) % SEQ_MULTI_OF

            # padded feature
            image_padded_feat = torch.cat([image, image[-1:].repeat(image_padding_len, 1)], dim=0)
            all_image_out.append(image_padded_feat)

        return all_image_out

    def forward(
        self,
        x: list[torch.Tensor],
        t,
        cap_feats: list[torch.Tensor],
        control_context: list[torch.Tensor],
        conditioning_scale: float = 1.0,
        patch_size=2,
        f_patch_size=1,
    ):
        if (
            self.t_scale is None
            or self.t_embedder is None
            or self.all_x_embedder is None
            or self.cap_embedder is None
            or self.rope_embedder is None
            or self.noise_refiner is None
            or self.context_refiner is None
            or self.x_pad_token is None
            or self.cap_pad_token is None
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "Required modules are `None`, use `from_transformer` to share required modules from `transformer`."
            )

        assert patch_size in self.config.all_patch_size
        assert f_patch_size in self.config.all_f_patch_size

        bsz = len(x)
        device = x[0].device
        t = t * self.t_scale
        t = self.t_embedder(t)

        (
            x,
            cap_feats,
            x_size,
            x_pos_ids,
            cap_pos_ids,
            x_inner_pad_mask,
            cap_inner_pad_mask,
        ) = self.patchify_and_embed(x, cap_feats, patch_size, f_patch_size)

        x_item_seqlens = [len(_) for _ in x]
        assert all(_ % SEQ_MULTI_OF == 0 for _ in x_item_seqlens)
        x_max_item_seqlen = max(x_item_seqlens)

        control_context = self.patchify(control_context, patch_size, f_patch_size)
        control_context = torch.cat(control_context, dim=0)
        control_context = self.control_all_x_embedder[f"{patch_size}-{f_patch_size}"](control_context)

        control_context[torch.cat(x_inner_pad_mask)] = self.x_pad_token
        control_context = list(control_context.split(x_item_seqlens, dim=0))

        control_context = pad_sequence(control_context, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)

        # x embed & refine
        x = torch.cat(x, dim=0)
        x = self.all_x_embedder[f"{patch_size}-{f_patch_size}"](x)

        # Match t_embedder output dtype to x for layerwise casting compatibility
        adaln_input = t.type_as(x)
        x[torch.cat(x_inner_pad_mask)] = self.x_pad_token
        x = list(x.split(x_item_seqlens, dim=0))
        x_freqs_cis = list(self.rope_embedder(torch.cat(x_pos_ids, dim=0)).split([len(_) for _ in x_pos_ids], dim=0))

        x = pad_sequence(x, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)
        x_freqs_cis = pad_sequence(x_freqs_cis, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)
        # Clarify the length matches to satisfy Dynamo due to "Symbolic Shape Inference" to avoid compilation errors
        x_freqs_cis = x_freqs_cis[:, : x.shape[1]]

        x_attn_mask = torch.zeros((bsz, x_max_item_seqlen), dtype=torch.bool, device=device)
        for i, seq_len in enumerate(x_item_seqlens):
            x_attn_mask[i, :seq_len] = 1

        if self.add_control_noise_refiner is not None:
            if self.add_control_noise_refiner == "control_layers":
                layers = self.control_layers
            elif self.add_control_noise_refiner == "control_noise_refiner":
                layers = self.control_noise_refiner
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported `add_control_noise_refiner` type: {self.add_control_noise_refiner}.")
            for layer in layers:
                if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
                    control_context = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                        layer, control_context, x, x_attn_mask, x_freqs_cis, adaln_input
                    )
                else:
                    control_context = layer(control_context, x, x_attn_mask, x_freqs_cis, adaln_input)

            hints = torch.unbind(control_context)[:-1]
            control_context = torch.unbind(control_context)[-1]
            noise_refiner_block_samples = {
                layer_idx: hints[idx] * conditioning_scale
                for idx, layer_idx in enumerate(self.control_refiner_layers_places)
            }
        else:
            noise_refiner_block_samples = None

        if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
            for layer_idx, layer in enumerate(self.noise_refiner):
                x = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(layer, x, x_attn_mask, x_freqs_cis, adaln_input)
                if noise_refiner_block_samples is not None:
                    if layer_idx in noise_refiner_block_samples:
                        x = x + noise_refiner_block_samples[layer_idx]
        else:
            for layer_idx, layer in enumerate(self.noise_refiner):
                x = layer(x, x_attn_mask, x_freqs_cis, adaln_input)
                if noise_refiner_block_samples is not None:
                    if layer_idx in noise_refiner_block_samples:
                        x = x + noise_refiner_block_samples[layer_idx]

        # cap embed & refine
        cap_item_seqlens = [len(_) for _ in cap_feats]
        cap_max_item_seqlen = max(cap_item_seqlens)

        cap_feats = torch.cat(cap_feats, dim=0)
        cap_feats = self.cap_embedder(cap_feats)
        cap_feats[torch.cat(cap_inner_pad_mask)] = self.cap_pad_token
        cap_feats = list(cap_feats.split(cap_item_seqlens, dim=0))
        cap_freqs_cis = list(
            self.rope_embedder(torch.cat(cap_pos_ids, dim=0)).split([len(_) for _ in cap_pos_ids], dim=0)
        )

        cap_feats = pad_sequence(cap_feats, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)
        cap_freqs_cis = pad_sequence(cap_freqs_cis, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)
        # Clarify the length matches to satisfy Dynamo due to "Symbolic Shape Inference" to avoid compilation errors
        cap_freqs_cis = cap_freqs_cis[:, : cap_feats.shape[1]]

        cap_attn_mask = torch.zeros((bsz, cap_max_item_seqlen), dtype=torch.bool, device=device)
        for i, seq_len in enumerate(cap_item_seqlens):
            cap_attn_mask[i, :seq_len] = 1

        if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
            for layer in self.context_refiner:
                cap_feats = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(layer, cap_feats, cap_attn_mask, cap_freqs_cis)
        else:
            for layer in self.context_refiner:
                cap_feats = layer(cap_feats, cap_attn_mask, cap_freqs_cis)

        # unified
        unified = []
        unified_freqs_cis = []
        for i in range(bsz):
            x_len = x_item_seqlens[i]
            cap_len = cap_item_seqlens[i]
            unified.append(torch.cat([x[i][:x_len], cap_feats[i][:cap_len]]))
            unified_freqs_cis.append(torch.cat([x_freqs_cis[i][:x_len], cap_freqs_cis[i][:cap_len]]))
        unified_item_seqlens = [a + b for a, b in zip(cap_item_seqlens, x_item_seqlens)]
        assert unified_item_seqlens == [len(_) for _ in unified]
        unified_max_item_seqlen = max(unified_item_seqlens)

        unified = pad_sequence(unified, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)
        unified_freqs_cis = pad_sequence(unified_freqs_cis, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)
        unified_attn_mask = torch.zeros((bsz, unified_max_item_seqlen), dtype=torch.bool, device=device)
        for i, seq_len in enumerate(unified_item_seqlens):
            unified_attn_mask[i, :seq_len] = 1

        ## ControlNet start
        if not self.add_control_noise_refiner:
            if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
                for layer in self.control_noise_refiner:
                    control_context = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                        layer, control_context, x_attn_mask, x_freqs_cis, adaln_input
                    )
            else:
                for layer in self.control_noise_refiner:
                    control_context = layer(control_context, x_attn_mask, x_freqs_cis, adaln_input)

        # unified
        control_context_unified = []
        for i in range(bsz):
            x_len = x_item_seqlens[i]
            cap_len = cap_item_seqlens[i]
            control_context_unified.append(torch.cat([control_context[i][:x_len], cap_feats[i][:cap_len]]))
        control_context_unified = pad_sequence(control_context_unified, batch_first=True, padding_value=0.0)

        for layer in self.control_layers:
            if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
                control_context_unified = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                    layer, control_context_unified, unified, unified_attn_mask, unified_freqs_cis, adaln_input
                )
            else:
                control_context_unified = layer(
                    control_context_unified, unified, unified_attn_mask, unified_freqs_cis, adaln_input
                )

        hints = torch.unbind(control_context_unified)[:-1]
        controlnet_block_samples = {
            layer_idx: hints[idx] * conditioning_scale for idx, layer_idx in enumerate(self.control_layers_places)
        }
        return controlnet_block_samples