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<A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A><P>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect0" HREF="#toc0">NAME </A></H2>
grind - process WordNet lexicographer files  
<H2><A NAME="sect1" HREF="#toc1">SYNOPSIS </A></H2>
<B>grind </B> [ <B>-v 
</B> ] [ <B>-s </B> ] [ <B>-L </B><I>logfile </I> ] [ <B>-a </B> ] [ <B>-d </B> ] [ <B>-i </B> ] [ <B>-o </B> ] [ <B>-n </B> ] <I>filename </I> 
[ <I>filename </I>... ]  
<H2><A NAME="sect2" HREF="#toc2">DESCRIPTION </A></H2>
<B>grind() </B> processes WordNet lexicographer files, 
producing database files suitable for use with the WordNet search and 
interface code and other applications.  The syntactic and structural integrity 
of the input files is verified.  Warnings and errors are reported via <B>stderr 
</B> and a run-time log is produced on <B>stdout </B>.  A database is generated only 
if there are no errors.  
<H3><A NAME="sect3" HREF="#toc3">Input Files </A></H3>
Input files correspond to the syntactic 
categories implemented in WordNet - <B>noun</B>, <B></B> <B>verb</B>, <B></B> <B>adjective</B> and <B></B> <B>adverb</B>. 
Each input lexicographer file consists of a list of synonym sets (<I>synsets 
</I>) for one part of speech.  Although the basic synset syntax is the same 
for all of the parts of speech, some parts of the syntax only apply to 
a particular part of speech.  See <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)<B></B></A>
 for a description of the 
input file format. <P>
 Each <I>filename </I> specified is of the form: <P>
  <blockquote>  </blockquote>
<P>
 where 
<I>pathname </I> is optional and <I>pos </I> is either <B>noun</B>, <B></B> <B>verb</B>, <B></B> <B>adj</B> or <B></B> <B>adv</B>. <I>suffix 
</I> may be used to separate groups of synsets into different files, for example 
<B>noun.animal </B> and <B>noun.plant </B>.  One or more input files, in any combination 
of syntactic categories, may be specified.  See <B><A HREF="lexnames.5WN.html">lexnames</B>(5WN)</A>
 for a list 
of the lexicographer files used to build the complete WordNet database. 
 
<H3><A NAME="sect4" HREF="#toc4">Output Files </A></H3>
<B>grind() </B> produces the following output files: <P>
  <TABLE BORDER=0>
 <TR> <TD ALIGN=CENTER><B>Filename 
</B></TD> <TD ALIGN=CENTER>Description  </TD> </TR>
 <TR>  <TR> <TD ALIGN=LEFT><B>index.<I>pos </I></B> </TD> <TD ALIGN=LEFT>Index file for each syntactic category </TD> 
</TR>
 <TR> <TD ALIGN=LEFT><B>data.<I>pos </I></B> </TD> <TD ALIGN=LEFT>Data file for each syntactic category </TD> </TR>
 <TR> <TD ALIGN=LEFT><B>index.sense </B> </TD> <TD ALIGN=LEFT>Sense 
index </TD> </TR>
 </TABLE>
<P>
 See  <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)<B></B></A>
 for a description of the database file formats. 
<P>
 Each time <B>grind() </B> is run, any existing database files are overwritten 
with the database files generated from the specified input files.  If no 
input files from a syntactic category are specified, the corresponding 
database files are not overwritten.  
<H3><A NAME="sect5" HREF="#toc5">Sense Numbers </A></H3>
Senses are generally 
ordered from most to least frequently used, with the most common sense 
numbered <B>1 </B>.  Frequency of use is determined by the number of times a sense 
is tagged in the various semantic concordance texts.  Senses that are not 
semantically tagged follow the ordered senses in an arbitrary order.   
Note that this ordering is only an estimate based on usage in a small 
corpus. <P>
 The <I>tagsense_cnt </I> field for each entry in the <B>index.<I>pos </I></B> files 
indicates how many of the senses in the list have been tagged. <P>
 The <B>cntlist 
</B> file provided with the database lists the number of times each sense 
is tagged in the semantic concordances. <B>grind() </B> uses the data from <B>cntlist 
</B> to order the senses of each word.  When the <B>index </B>.<I>pos </I> files are generated, 
the <I>synset_offset </I>s are output in sense number order, with sense 1 first 
in the list.  Senses with the same number of semantic tags are assigned 
unique but consecutive sense numbers.  The WordNet <FONT SIZE=-1><B>OVERVIEW </B></FONT>
  search displays 
all senses of the specified word, in all syntactic categories, and indicates 
which of the senses are represented in the semantically tagged texts.  

<H2><A NAME="sect6" HREF="#toc6">OPTIONS </A></H2>

<DL>

<DT><B>-v</B>  </DT>
<DD>Verify integrity of input without generating database. </DD>

<DT><B>-s</B>  </DT>
<DD>Suppress 
generation of warning messages.  Usually <B>grind </B> is run with this option 
until all syntactic and structural errors are corrected since the warning 
messages may make it difficult to spot error messages. </DD>

<DT><B>-L</B><I>logfile</I>  </DT>
<DD>Write 
all messages to <I>logfile </I> instead of <B>stderr </B>. </DD>

<DT><B>-a</B>  </DT>
<DD>Generate statistical report 
on input files processed. </DD>

<DT><B>-d</B>  </DT>
<DD>Generate distribution of senses by string 
length report on input files processed.  </DD>

<DT><B>-i</B>  </DT>
<DD>Generate sense index file. </DD>

<DT><B>-o</B> 
 </DT>
<DD>Order senses using <B>cntlist </B>. </DD>

<DT><B>-n</B>  </DT>
<DD>Generate nominalization (derivational 
morphology) links in database. </DD>

<DT><I>filename</I>  </DT>
<DD>Input file of the form described 
in  <FONT SIZE=-1><B>Input </B></FONT>
  </DD>
</DL>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect7" HREF="#toc7">FILES </A></H2>

<DL>

<DT><B><I>pos </I>.*</B>  </DT>
<DD>lexicographer files to use to build database 
</DD>

<DT><B>cntlist</B>  </DT>
<DD>file of combined semantic concordance <B>cntlist </B> files.  Used to 
assign sense numbers in WordNet database </DD>
</DL>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect8" HREF="#toc8">SEE ALSO </A></H2>
<B><A HREF="cntlist.5WN.html">cntlist</B>(5WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="lexnames.5WN.html">lexnames</B>(5WN)</A>
, 
<B><A HREF="senseidx.5WN.html">senseidx</B>(5WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="uniqbeg.7WN.html">uniqbeg</B>(7WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="wngloss.7WN.html">wngloss</B>(7WN)</A>
.  
<H2><A NAME="sect9" HREF="#toc9">DIAGNOSTICS 
</A></H2>
Exit status is normally 0. Exit status is -1 if non-specific error occurs. 
If syntactic or structural errors exist, exit status is number of errors 
detected. 
<DL>

<DT><B>usage: grind [-v] [-s] [-Llogfile] [-a ] [-d] [-i] [-o] [-n] filename 
[filename...]</B>  </DT>
<DD>Invalid options were specified on the command line. </DD>

<DT><B>No input 
files processed.</B>  </DT>
<DD>None of the filenames specified were of the appropriate 
form. </DD>

<DT><B><I>n </I> syntactic errors found.</B>  </DT>
<DD>Syntax errors were found while parsing 
the input files. </DD>

<DT><B><I>n </I> structural errors found.</B>  </DT>
<DD>Pointer errors were found 
that could not be automatically corrected. </DD>
</DL>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect10" HREF="#toc10">BUGS </A></H2>
Please report bugs to 
<B>wordnet@princeton.edu </B>. <P>

<HR><P>
<A NAME="toc"><B>Table of Contents</B></A><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc0" HREF="#sect0">NAME</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc1" HREF="#sect1">SYNOPSIS</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc2" HREF="#sect2">DESCRIPTION</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc3" HREF="#sect3">Input Files</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc4" HREF="#sect4">Output Files</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc5" HREF="#sect5">Sense Numbers</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc6" HREF="#sect6">OPTIONS</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc7" HREF="#sect7">FILES</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc8" HREF="#sect8">SEE ALSO</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc9" HREF="#sect9">DIAGNOSTICS</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc10" HREF="#sect10">BUGS</A></LI>
</UL>
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