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<TITLE>PROLOGDB(5WN) manual page</TITLE>
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<A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A><P>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect0" HREF="#toc0">NAME </A></H2>
wn_pl - description of Prolog database files  
<H2><A NAME="sect1" HREF="#toc1">DESCRIPTION </A></H2>
The files 
<B>wn_ </B><I>* </I><B>.pl </B> contain the WordNet database in a prolog-readable format.  A prolog 
interface to WordNet is not implemented. <P>
 The prolog database is very large 
and may take many minutes to load into the Prolog workspace.  A separate 
file has been created for each WordNet relation giving the user the ability 
to load only those parts of the database that they are interested. <P>
 See 
<B>FILES </B>, below, for a list of the database files and <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A>
 and <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)<B></B></A>
 
for detailed descriptions of the various WordNet relations (referred to 
as <I>operators </I> in this manual page).  
<H3><A NAME="sect2" HREF="#toc2">File Format </A></H3>
Each prolog database file 
contains information corresponding to the synsets and word senses contained 
in the WordNet database.  In the prolog version of the database, the <I>synset_id 
</I>s (defined below) are used as unique synset identifiers. <P>
 Each line of 
a file contains an operator that corresponds to a WordNet relation.  All 
lines with the same <I>operator </I> value are stored in the file <B>wn_ </B><I>operator 
</I><B>.pl </B>. <P>
 The general format of a line in a prolog database file is as follows: 
<P>
  <blockquote><I>operator<B>(<I>field1<B>,<I>&nbsp;&nbsp;...&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>,<I>fieldn<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I> <BR>
  </blockquote>
<P>
 Each line contains the name of the 
operator, followed by a left parenthesis, a comma-separated list of fields, 
a right parenthesis, and a period.  Note there are no spaces, and each 
line is terminated with a newline character.   
<H3><A NAME="sect3" HREF="#toc3">Operators </A></H3>
Each WordNet relation 
is represented in a separate file by <I>operator </I> name.  Some operators are 
reflexive (i.e. the "reverse" relation is implicit).  So, for example, if 
<B>x </B> is a hypernym of <B>y </B>, <B>y </B> is necessarily a hyponym of <B>x </B>.  In the prolog 
database, reflected pointers are usually implied for semantic relations. 
<P>
 Semantic relations are represented by a pair of <I>synset_id </I>s, in which 
the first <I>synset_id </I> is generally the source of the relation and the second 
is the target.  If two pairs <I>synset_id </I><B>, </B><I>w_num </I> are present, the operator 
represents a lexical relation between word forms. <P>
 <B>s(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,'<I>word<B>',<I>ss_type<B>,<I>sense_number<B>,<I>tag_count<B>). 
</B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>A <B>s </B> operator is present for every word sense in WordNet.  In <B>wn_s.pl 
</B>, <I>w_num </I> specifies the word number for <I>word </I> in the synset.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>g(<I>synset_id<B>,'(<I>gloss<B>)'). 
</B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>g </B> operator specifies the gloss for a synset.    </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>hyp(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). 
</B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>hyp </B> operator specifies that the second synset is a hypernym of 
the first synset.  This relation holds for nouns and verbs.  The reflexive 
operator, hyponym, implies that the first synset is a hyponym of the second 
synset.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>ent(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>ent </B> operator specifies that the 
second synset is an entailment of first synset.  This relation only holds 
for verbs.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>sim(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>sim </B> operator specifies that 
the second synset is similar in meaning to the first synset.  This means 
that the second synset is a satellite the first synset, which is the cluster 
head.  This relation only holds for adjective synsets contained in adjective 
clusters.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>mm(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>mm </B> operator specifies that the 
second synset is a member meronym of the first synset.  This relation only 
holds for nouns.  The reflexive operator, member holonym, can be implied. 
 </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>ms(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>ms </B> operator specifies that the second 
synset is a substance meronym of the first synset.  This relation only 
holds for nouns.  The reflexive operator, substance holonym, can be implied. 
 </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>mp(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>mp </B> operator specifies that the second 
synset is a part meronym of the first synset.  This relation only holds 
for nouns.  The reflexive operator, part holonym, can be implied.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>cs(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). 
</B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>cs </B> operator specifies that the second synset is a cause of the 
first synset.  This relation only holds for verbs.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>vgp(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). 
</B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>vgp </B> operator specifies verb synsets that are similar in meaning 
and should be grouped together when displayed in response to a grouped 
synset search.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>at(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>at </B> operator defines the 
attribute relation between noun and adjective synset pairs in which the 
adjective is a value of the noun. For each pair, both relations are listed 
(ie. each <I>synset_id </I> is both a source and target).  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>ant(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). 
</B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>ant </B> operator specifies antonymous <I>word </I>s.  This is a lexical relation 
that holds for all syntactic categories.  For each antonymous pair, both 
relations are listed (ie. each <I>synset_id,w_num </I> pair is both a source and 
target word.)  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>sa(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>sa </B> operator 
specifies that additional information about the first word can be obtained 
by seeing the second word.  This operator is only defined for verbs and 
adjectives.  There is no reflexive relation (ie. it cannot be inferred that 
the additional information about the second word can be obtained from 
the first word).  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>ppl(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>ppl </B> operator 
specifies that the adjective first word is a participle of the verb second 
word.  The reflexive operator can be implied.   </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>per(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). 
</B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>per </B> operator specifies two different relations based on the parts 
of speech involved.  If the first word is in an adjective synset, that 
word pertains to either the noun or adjective second word.  If the first 
word is in an adverb synset, that word is derived from the adjective second 
word.  </blockquote>
<P>
 <B>fr(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>f_num<B>,<I>w_num<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR>
  <blockquote>The <B>fr </B> operator specifies a generic 
sentence frame for one or all words in a synset.  The operator is defined 
only for verbs.  </blockquote>
 
<H3><A NAME="sect4" HREF="#toc4">Field Definitions </A></H3>
A <I>synset_id </I> is a nine byte field in 
which the first byte defines the syntactic category of the synset and 
the remaining eight bytes are a <I>synset_offset </I>, as defined in  <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A>
, 
indicating the byte offset in the <B>data. </B><I>pos </I> file that corresponds to the 
syntactic category. <P>
 The syntactic category is encoded as:   <P>
  <blockquote><B>1 </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;NOUN <BR>
 
<B>2 </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;VERB <BR>
 <B>3 </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;ADJECTIVE <BR>
 <B>4 </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;ADVERB <BR>
  </blockquote>
<P>
 <I>w_num </I>, if present, indicates which word 
in the synset is being referred to.  Word numbers are assigned to the <I>word 
</I> fields in a synset, from left to right, beginning with 1.  When used to 
represent lexical WordNet relations <I>w_num </I> may be 0, indicating that the 
relation holds for all words in the synset indicated by the preceding 
<I>synset_id </I>.  See <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A>
 for a discussion of semantic and lexical 
relations. <P>
 <I>ss_type </I> is a one character code indicating the synset type: 
<P>
  <blockquote><B>n </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;NOUN <BR>
 <B>v </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;VERB <BR>
 <B>a </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;ADJECTIVE <BR>
 <B>s </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;ADJECTIVE&nbsp;SATELLITE <BR>
 <B>r </B><tt> </tt>&nbsp;<tt> </tt>&nbsp;ADVERB <BR>
  </blockquote>
<P>
 <I>sense_number 
</I> specifies the sense number of the word, within the part of speech encoded 
in the <I>synset_id </I>, in the WordNet database. <P>
 <I>word </I> is the ASCII text of 
the word as entered in the synset by the lexicographer, with spaces replaced 
by underscore characters (<B>_ </B>).  The text of the word is case sensitive. 
 An adjective <I>word </I> is immediately followed by a syntactic marker if one 
was specified in the lexicographer file.  A syntactic marker is appended, 
in parentheses, onto <I>word </I> without any intervening spaces.  See <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A>
 
for a list of the syntactic markers for adjectives. <P>
 Each synset has a 
<I>gloss </I> that may contain a definition, one or more example sentences, or 
both.  Note that glosses are enclosed in single forward quotes and parentheses:&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>'(<I>gloss<B>)' 
</B></I></B>. <P>
 <I>f_num </I> specifies the generic sentence frame number for word <I>w_num </I> in 
the synset indicated by <I>synset_id </I>.  Note that when <I>w_num </I> is <B>0 </B>, the frame 
number applies to all words in the synset.  If non-zero, the frame applies 
to that word in the synset. <P>
 In WordNet, sense numbers are assigned as 
described in  <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A>
. <I>tag_count </I> is the number of times the sense was 
tagged in the Semantic Concordances, and <B>0 </B> if it was not instantiated. 
 
<H2><A NAME="sect5" HREF="#toc5">NOTES </A></H2>
Since single forward quotes are used to enclose character strings, 
single quote characters found in <I>word </I> and <I>gloss </I> fields are represented 
as two adjacent single quote characters. <P>
 The load time can be greatly 
reduced by creating "object language" versions of the files, an option 
that is supported by some implementations, such as Quintus Prolog.   
<H2><A NAME="sect6" HREF="#toc6">ENVIRONMENT 
VARIABLES (UNIX) </A></H2>

<DL>

<DT><B>WNHOME</B>  </DT>
<DD>Base directory for WordNet.  Default is <B>/usr/local/WordNet-3.0 
</B>. </DD>
</DL>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect7" HREF="#toc7">REGISTRY (WINDOWS) </A></H2>

<DL>

<DT><B>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WordNet\3.0\WNHome</B>  </DT>
<DD>Base directory 
for WordNet.  Default is <B>C:\Program&nbsp;Files\WordNet\3.0 </B>. </DD>
</DL>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect8" HREF="#toc8">FILES </A></H2>
All files are 
in <B>WNHOME/prolog </B> on Unix platforms and <B>WNHome\prolog </B> on Windows platforms 

<DL>

<DT><B>wn_s.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>synset pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_g.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>gloss pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_hyp.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>hypernym pointers 
</DD>

<DT><B>wn_ent.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>entailment pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_sim.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>similar pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_mm.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>member 
meronym pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_ms.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>substance meronym pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_mp.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>part meronym 
pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_cs.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>cause pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_vgp.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>grouped verb pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_at.pl</B> 
 </DT>
<DD>attribute pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_ant.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>antonym pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_sa.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>see also pointers 
 </DD>

<DT><B>wn_ppl.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>participle pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_per.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>pertainym pointers </DD>

<DT><B>wn_fr.pl</B>  </DT>
<DD>frame 
pointers </DD>
</DL>
 
<H2><A NAME="sect9" HREF="#toc9">SEE ALSO </A></H2>
<B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="wngroups.7WN.html">wngroups</B>(7WN)</A>
, <B><A HREF="wnpkgs.7WN.html">wnpkgs</B>(7WN)</A>
. 
<P>

<HR><P>
<A NAME="toc"><B>Table of Contents</B></A><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc0" HREF="#sect0">NAME</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc1" HREF="#sect1">DESCRIPTION</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc2" HREF="#sect2">File Format</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc3" HREF="#sect3">Operators</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc4" HREF="#sect4">Field Definitions</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc5" HREF="#sect5">NOTES</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc6" HREF="#sect6">ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX)</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc7" HREF="#sect7">REGISTRY (WINDOWS)</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc8" HREF="#sect8">FILES</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc9" HREF="#sect9">SEE ALSO</A></LI>
</UL>
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