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| <HTML> |
| <HEAD> |
| <TITLE>WN(1WN) manual page</TITLE> |
| </HEAD> |
| <BODY> |
| <A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A><P> |
| |
| <H2><A NAME="sect0" HREF="#toc0">NAME </A></H2> |
| wn - command line interface to WordNet lexical database |
| <H2><A NAME="sect1" HREF="#toc1">SYNOPSIS |
| </A></H2> |
| <B>wn </B> [ <I>searchstr </I> ] [ <B>-h </B>] [ <B>-g </B> ] [ <B>-a </B> ] [ <B>-l </B> ] [ <B>-o </B> ] [ <B>-s </B> ] [ <B>-n<I># </I></B> ] [ |
| <I>search_option </I>... ] |
| <H2><A NAME="sect2" HREF="#toc2">DESCRIPTION </A></H2> |
| <B>wn() </B> provides a command line interface |
| to the WordNet database, allowing synsets and relations to be displayed |
| as formatted text. For each word, different searches are provided, based |
| on syntactic category and pointer types. Although only base forms of words |
| are usually stored in WordNet, users may search for inflected forms. A |
| morphological process is applied to the search string to generate a form |
| that is present in WordNet. <P> |
| The command line interface is often useful |
| when writing scripts to extract information from the WordNet database. |
| Post-processing of the output with various scripting tools can reformat |
| the results as desired. |
| <H2><A NAME="sect3" HREF="#toc3">OPTIONS </A></H2> |
|
|
| <DL> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-h</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Print help text before search results. |
| </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-g</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display textual glosses associated with synsets. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-a</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display lexicographer |
| file information. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-o</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display synset offset of each synset. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-s</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display each |
| word's sense numbers in synsets. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-l</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display the WordNet copyright notice, |
| version number, and license. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-n<I># </I></B> </DT> |
| <DD>Perform search on sense number <I># </I> only. |
| </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-over </B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display overview of all senses of <I>searchstr </I> in all syntactic categories. |
| </DD> |
| </DL> |
| |
| <H3><A NAME="sect4" HREF="#toc4">Search Options </A></H3> |
| Note that the last letter of <I>search_option </I> generally |
| denotes the part of speech that the search applies to: <B>n </B> for nouns, <B>v |
| </B> for verbs, <B>a </B> for adjectives, and <B>r </B> for adverbs. Multiple searches may |
| be done for <I>searchstr </I> with a single command by specifying all the appropriate |
| search options. <P> |
| |
| <DL> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-syns </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I> | <I>a </I> | <I>r </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display synonyms and immediate |
| hypernyms of synsets containing <I>searchstr </I>. Synsets are ordered by estimated |
| frequency of use. For adjectives, if <I>searchstr </I> is in a head synset, the |
| cluster's satellite synsets are displayed in place of hypernyms. If <I>searchstr |
| </I> is in a satellite synset, its head synset is also displayed. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-simsv </B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| verb synonyms and immediate hypernyms of synsets containing <I>searchstr |
| </I>. Synsets are grouped by similarity of meaning. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-ants </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I> | <I>a </I> | <I>r </I>) |
| </DT> |
| <DD>Display synsets containing antonyms of <I>searchstr </I>. For adjectives, if <I>searchstr |
| </I> is in a head synset, <I>searchstr </I> has a direct antonym. The head synset |
| for the direct antonym is displayed along with the direct antonym's satellite |
| synsets. If <I>searchstr </I> is in a satellite synset, <I>searchstr </I> has an indirect |
| antonym via the head synset, which is displayed. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-faml </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I> | <I>a </I> | <I>r </I>) |
| </DT> |
| <DD>Display familiarity and polysemy information for <I>searchstr </I>. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-hype </B>(<I>n </I> |
| | <I>v </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Recursively display hypernym (superordinate) tree for <I>searchstr |
| </I> (<I>searchstr </I> <I>IS A KIND OF _____ </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-hypo </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display immediate |
| hyponyms (subordinates) for <I>searchstr </I> (<I>_____ IS A KIND OF </I> <I>searchstr |
| </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-tree </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display hyponym (subordinate) tree for <I>searchstr |
| </I>. This is a recursive search that finds the hyponyms of each hyponym. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-coor |
| </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display the coordinates (sisters) of <I>searchstr </I>. This search |
| prints the immediate hypernym for each synset that contains <I>searchstr |
| </I> and the hypernym's immediate hyponyms. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-deri </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display derivational |
| morphology links between noun and verb forms. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-domn </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I> | <I>a </I> | <I>r </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| domain that <I>searchstr </I> has been classified in. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-domt </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I> | <I>a </I> | <I>r </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| all terms classified as members of the <I>searchstr </I>'s domain. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-subsn</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| substance meronyms of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>HAS SUBSTANCE </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-partn</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| part meronyms of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>HAS PART </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-membn</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display member |
| meronyms of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>HAS MEMBER </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-meron</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display all meronyms |
| of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>HAS PART, HAS MEMBER, HAS SUBSTANCE </I> relations). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-hmern</B> |
| </DT> |
| <DD>Display meronyms for <I>searchstr </I> tree. This is a recursive search that |
| prints all the meronyms of <I>searchstr </I> and all of its hypernyms. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-sprtn</B> |
| </DT> |
| <DD>Display <I>part of </I> holonyms of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>PART OF </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-smemn</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| <I>member of </I> holonyms of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>MEMBER OF </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-ssubn</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| <I>substance of </I> holonyms of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>SUBSTANCE OF </I> relation). </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-holon</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display |
| all holonyms of <I>searchstr </I> (<I>PART OF, MEMBER OF, SUBSTANCE OF </I> relations). |
| </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-hholn</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display holonyms for <I>searchstr </I> tree. This is a recursive search |
| that prints all the holonyms of <I>searchstr </I> and all of each holonym's holonyms. |
| </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-entav</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display entailment relations of <I>searchstr </I>. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-framv</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display applicable |
| verb sentence frames for <I>searchstr </I>. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-causv</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Display <I>cause to </I> relations |
| of <I>searchstr </I>. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B> -pert </B>(<I>a </I> | <I>r </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display pertainyms of <I>searchstr </I>. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B> -attr </B>(<I>n |
| </I> | <I>a </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>Display adjective values for noun attribute, or noun attributes |
| of adjective values. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>-grep </B>(<I>n </I> | <I>v </I> | <I>a </I> | <I>r </I>) </DT> |
| <DD>List compound words containing |
| <I>searchstr </I> as a substring. </DD> |
| </DL> |
| |
| <H2><A NAME="sect5" HREF="#toc5">SEARCH RESULTS </A></H2> |
| The results of a search are |
| written to the standard output. For each search, the output consists a |
| one line description of the search, followed by the search results. <P> |
| All |
| searches other than <B>-over </B> list all senses matching the search results |
| in the following general format. Items enclosed in italicized square brackets |
| (<I>[ ... ] </I>) may not be present. <P> |
| <blockquote>One line listing the number of senses matching |
| the search request. <P> |
| Each sense matching the search requested displayed |
| as follows: <P> |
| <tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> <B>Sense <I>n </I></B> <BR> |
| <tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> <I>[<B>{<I>synset_offset<B>}<I>] [<B><<I>lex_filename<B>><I>] word1[<B>#<I>sense_number][, word2...] |
| </I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I> <BR> |
| <P> |
| Where <I>n </I> is the sense number of the search word, <I>synset_offset </I> is |
| the byte offset of the synset in the <B>data.<I>pos </I></B> file corresponding to the |
| syntactic category, <I>lex_filename </I> is the name of the lexicographer file |
| that the synset comes from, <I>word1 </I> is the first word in the synset (note |
| that this is not necessarily the search word) and <I>sense_number </I> is the |
| WordNet sense number assigned to the preceding word. <I>synset_offset, lex_filename |
| </I>, and <I>sense_number </I> are generated when the <B>-o, -a, </B> and <B>-s </B> options, respectively, |
| are specified. <P> |
| The synsets matching the search requested are printed below |
| each sense's synset output described above. Each line of output is preceded |
| by a marker (usually <B>=> </B>), then a synset, formatted as described above. |
| If a search traverses more one level of the tree, then successive lines |
| are indented by spaces corresponding to its level in the hierarchy. When |
| the <B>-g </B> option is specified, synset glosses are displayed in parentheses |
| at the end of each synset. Each synset is printed on one line. <P> |
| Senses |
| are generally ordered from most to least frequently used, with the most |
| common sense numbered <B>1 </B>. Frequency of use is determined by the number |
| of times a sense is tagged in the various semantic concordance texts. |
| Senses that are not semantically tagged follow the ordered senses. Note |
| that this ordering is only an estimate based on usage in a small corpus. |
| <P> |
| Verb senses can be grouped by similarity of meaning, rather than ordered |
| by frequency of use. The <B>-simsv </B> search prints all senses that are close |
| in meaning together, with a line of dashes indicating the end of a group. |
| See <B><A HREF="wngroups.7WN.html">wngroups</B>(7WN)</A> |
| for a discussion of how senses are grouped. <P> |
| The <B>-over |
| </B> search displays an overview of all the senses of the search word in all |
| syntactic categories. The results of this search are similar to the <B>-syns |
| </B> search, however no additional (ex. hypernym) synsets are displayed, and |
| synset glosses are always printed. The senses are grouped by syntactic |
| category, and each synset is annotated as described above with <I>synset_offset |
| </I>, <I>lex_filename </I>, and <I>sense_number </I> as dictated by the <B>-o, -a, </B> and <B>-s </B> options. |
| The overview search also indicates how many of the senses in each syntactic |
| category are represented in the tagged texts. This is a way for the user |
| to determine whether a sense's sense number is based on semantic tagging |
| data, or was arbitrarily assigned. For each sense that has appeared in |
| such texts, the number of semantic tags to that sense are indicated in |
| parentheses after the sense number. <P> |
| If a search cannot be performed on |
| some senses of <I>searchstr </I>, the search results are headed by a string of |
| the form: <tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> X of Y senses of <I>searchstr </I> <BR> |
| <P> |
| The output of the <B>-deri </B> search |
| shows word forms that are morphologically related to <B>searchstr </B>. Each word |
| form pointed to from <I>searchstr </I> is displayed, preceded by <B>RELATED TO-> </B> |
| and the syntactic category of the link, followed, on the next line, by |
| its synset. Printed after the word form is <B># </B><I>n </I> where <I>n </I> indicates the |
| WordNet sense number of the term pointed to. <P> |
| The <B>-domn </B> and <B>-domt </B> searches |
| show the domain that a synset has been classified in and, conversely, |
| all of the terms that have been assigned to a specific domain. A domain |
| is either a <B>TOPIC, </B> <B>REGION </B> or <B>USAGE, </B> as reflected in the specific pointer |
| character stored in the database, and displayed in the output. A <B>-domn |
| </B> search on a term shows the domain, if any, that each synset containing |
| <I>searchstr </I> has been classified in. The output display shows the domain |
| type (<B>TOPIC, </B> <B>REGION </B> or <B>USAGE </B>), followed by the syntactic category of |
| the domain synset and the terms in the synset. Each term is followed by |
| <B># </B><I>n </I> where <I>n </I> indicates the WordNet sense number of the term. The converse |
| search, <B>-domt </B>, shows all of the synsets that have been placed into the |
| domain <I>searchstr </I>, with analogous markers. <P> |
| When <B>-framv </B> is specified, |
| sample illustrative sentences and generic sentence frames are displayed. |
| If a sample sentence is found, the base form of <I>search </I> is substituted |
| into the sentence, and it is printed below the synset, preceded with the |
| <B>EX: </B> marker. When no sample sentences are found, the generic sentence |
| frames are displayed. Sentence frames that are acceptable for all words |
| in a synset are preceded by the marker <B>*> </B>. If a frame is acceptable for |
| the search word only, it is preceded by the marker <B>=> </B>. <P> |
| Search results |
| for adjectives are slightly different from those for other parts of speech. |
| When an adjective is printed, its direct antonym, if it has one, is also |
| printed in parentheses. When <I>searchstr </I> is in a head synset, all of the |
| head synset's satellites are also displayed. The position of an adjective |
| in relation to the noun may be restricted to the <I>prenominal </I>, <I>postnominal |
| </I> or <I>predicative </I> position. Where present, these restrictions are noted |
| in parentheses. <P> |
| When an adjective is a participle of a verb, the output |
| indicates the verb and displays its synset. <P> |
| When an adverb is derived |
| from an adjective, the specific adjectival sense on which it is based |
| is indicated. <P> |
| The morphological transformations performed by the search |
| code may result in more than one word to search for. WordNet automatically |
| performs the requested search on all of the strings and returns the results |
| grouped by word. For example, the verb <B>saw </B> is both the present tense |
| of <B>saw </B> and the past tense of <B>see </B>. When passed <I>searchstr </I> <B>saw </B>, WordNet |
| performs the desired search first on <B>saw </B> and next on <B>see </B>, returning |
| the list of <B>saw </B> senses and search results, followed by those for <B>see |
| </B>. </blockquote> |
| |
| <H2><A NAME="sect6" HREF="#toc6">EXIT STATUS </A></H2> |
| <B>wn() </B> normally exits with the number of senses displayed. |
| If <I>searchword </I> is not found in WordNet, it exits with <B>0 </B>. <P> |
| If the WordNet |
| database cannot be opened, an error messages is displayed and <B>wn() </B> exits |
| with <B>-1 </B>. |
| <H2><A NAME="sect7" HREF="#toc7">ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX) </A></H2> |
|
|
| <DL> |
|
|
| <DT><B>WNHOME</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Base directory for WordNet. |
| Default is <B>/usr/local/WordNet-3.0 </B>. </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>WNSEARCHDIR</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Directory in which the |
| WordNet database has been installed. Default is <B>WNHOME/dict </B>. </DD> |
| </DL> |
| |
| <H2><A NAME="sect8" HREF="#toc8">REGISTRY |
| (WINDOWS) </A></H2> |
|
|
| <DL> |
|
|
| <DT><B>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WordNet\3.0\WNHome</B> </DT> |
| <DD>Base directory for |
| WordNet. Default is <B>C:\Program Files\WordNet\3.0 </B>. </DD> |
| </DL> |
| |
| <H2><A NAME="sect9" HREF="#toc9">FILES </A></H2> |
|
|
| <DL> |
|
|
| <DT><B>index.<I>pos </I></B> </DT> |
| <DD>database |
| index files </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>data.<I>pos </I></B> </DT> |
| <DD>database data files </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B>*.vrb</B> </DT> |
| <DD>files of sentences illustrating |
| the use of verbs </DD> |
|
|
| <DT><B><I>pos </I>.exc</B> </DT> |
| <DD>morphology exception lists </DD> |
| </DL> |
| |
| <H2><A NAME="sect10" HREF="#toc10">SEE ALSO </A></H2> |
| <B><A HREF="wnintro.1WN.html">wnintro</B>(1WN)</A> |
| , |
| <B><A HREF="wnb.1WN.html">wnb</B>(1WN)</A> |
| , <B><A HREF="wnintro.3WN.html">wnintro</B>(3WN)</A> |
| , <B><A HREF="lexnames.5WN.html">lexnames</B>(5WN)</A> |
| , <B><A HREF="senseidx.5WN.html">senseidx</B>(5WN)</A> |
| <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A> |
| ,<B></B> <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A> |
| , |
| <B><A HREF="morphy.7WN.html">morphy</B>(7WN)</A> |
| , <B><A HREF="wngloss.7WN.html">wngloss</B>(7WN)</A> |
| , <B><A HREF="wngroups.7WN.html">wngroups</B>(7WN)</A> |
| . |
| <H2><A NAME="sect11" HREF="#toc11">BUGS </A></H2> |
| Please report bugs to wordnet@princeton.edu. |
| <P> |
|
|
| <HR><P> |
| <A NAME="toc"><B>Table of Contents</B></A><P> |
| <UL> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc0" HREF="#sect0">NAME</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc1" HREF="#sect1">SYNOPSIS</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc2" HREF="#sect2">DESCRIPTION</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc3" HREF="#sect3">OPTIONS</A></LI> |
| <UL> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc4" HREF="#sect4">Search Options</A></LI> |
| </UL> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc5" HREF="#sect5">SEARCH RESULTS</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc6" HREF="#sect6">EXIT STATUS</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc7" HREF="#sect7">ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX)</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc8" HREF="#sect8">REGISTRY (WINDOWS)</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc9" HREF="#sect9">FILES</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc10" HREF="#sect10">SEE ALSO</A></LI> |
| <LI><A NAME="toc11" HREF="#sect11">BUGS</A></LI> |
| </UL> |
| </BODY></HTML> |
|
|
