---
license: mit
language:
- en
tags:
- medical
---
# CardioNet-XL 🫀

[![Model](https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗%20Hugging%20Face-CardioNet--XL-blue)](https://huggingface.co/sid512206/CardioNet-XL)
[![TensorFlow](https://img.shields.io/badge/TensorFlow-2.x-orange)](https://www.tensorflow.org/)
[![Dataset](https://img.shields.io/badge/Dataset-PTB--XL-red)](https://physionet.org/content/ptb-xl/)

**CardioNet-XL** is a specialized 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designed for multi-label classification of cardiac abnormalities from ECG signal data. Trained on the **PTB-XL dataset**, the model is optimized to detect five specific classes, providing a high-precision screening tool for clinical decision support.

---

## 📋 Table of Contents

- [Features](#-features)
- [Dataset](#-dataset)
- [Model Architecture](#-model-architecture)
- [Performance Metrics](#-performance-metrics)
- [Installation](#-installation)
- [Quick Start](#-quick-start)
- [Training Details](#-training-details)
- [Clinical Applications](#-clinical-applications)
- [Citation](#-citation)
- [License](#-license)

---

## ✨ Features

- **Multi-label Classification**: Simultaneously detects 5 cardiac abnormalities
- **Optimized Thresholds**: Class-specific decision boundaries for clinical use
- **High Specificity**: Excellent performance on ST/T Change (AUC: 0.918) and Normal rhythm (AUC: 0.915)
- **Lightweight Architecture**: 4.1M parameters, suitable for edge deployment
- **Clinical Ready**: Designed with medical decision support in mind
- **Trained on Large-Scale Data**: Leverages the comprehensive PTB-XL dataset

---

## 📊 Dataset

### PTB-XL: Large Publicly Available Electrocardiography Dataset

CardioNet-XL is trained on the **PTB-XL database**, one of the largest publicly available ECG datasets for machine learning applications.

#### Dataset Characteristics

- **Size**: 21,837 clinical 12-lead ECG records
- **Duration**: 10 seconds per record
- **Sampling Rates**: 100 Hz and 500 Hz available
- **Patients**: 18,885 unique patients
- **Annotations**: Expert-validated diagnostic labels
- **Source**: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany
- **Time Period**: October 1989 to June 1996

#### Clinical Labels

The dataset includes comprehensive annotations for:
- **Diagnostic Classes**: Normal ECG, Myocardial Infarction, ST/T Changes, Conduction Disturbances, Hypertrophy, and more
- **Form Annotations**: Detailed morphological descriptions
- **Rhythm Annotations**: Heart rhythm classifications
- **Demographics**: Age, sex, and clinical metadata

#### Access the Dataset
```bash
# Download from PhysioNet
wget -r -N -c -np https://physionet.org/files/ptb-xl/1.0.3/
```

**Citation for PTB-XL Dataset**:
```bibtex
@article{wagner2020ptbxl,
  title={PTB-XL, a large publicly available electrocardiography dataset},
  author={Wagner, Patrick and Strodthoff, Nils and Bousseljot, Ralf-Dieter and Kreiseler, Dieter and Lunze, Fatima I and Samek, Wojciech and Schaeffter, Tobias},
  journal={Scientific Data},
  volume={7},
  number={1},
  pages={154},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
}
```

**Dataset Link**: [PTB-XL on PhysioNet](https://physionet.org/content/ptb-xl/)

---

## 🏗️ Model Architecture

CardioNet-XL utilizes a deep 1D-CNN architecture with **4.1M trainable parameters**. The model processes raw ECG signals through three convolutional blocks followed by a dense classification head.

### Architecture Overview

| Layer Type | Output Shape | Parameters |
|------------|--------------|------------|
| **Conv1D Block 1** (32 filters) | (None, 1000, 32) | 2,720 |
| BatchNormalization | (None, 1000, 32) | 128 |
| MaxPooling1D | (None, 500, 32) | 0 |
| **Conv1D Block 2** (64 filters) | (None, 500, 64) | 10,304 |
| BatchNormalization | (None, 500, 64) | 256 |
| MaxPooling1D | (None, 250, 64) | 0 |
| **Conv1D Block 3** (128 filters) | (None, 250, 128) | 24,704 |
| BatchNormalization | (None, 250, 128) | 512 |
| MaxPooling1D | (None, 125, 128) | 0 |
| Flatten | (None, 16000) | 0 |
| **Dense** (256 units) | (None, 256) | 4,096,256 |
| Dropout (0.5) | (None, 256) | 0 |
| **Output Dense** (5 units) | (None, 5) | 1,285 |

**Total Trainable Parameters**: 4,135,717 (15.78 MB)

---

## 📈 Performance Metrics

### Classification Report

The model demonstrates strong discriminative performance across major cardiac conditions:

| Class | Precision | Recall | F1-Score | Support |
|-------|-----------|--------|----------|---------|
| **NORM** (Normal) | 0.86 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 963 |
| **MI** (Myocardial Infarction) | 0.86 | 0.26 | 0.39 | 550 |
| **STTC** (ST/T Change) | 0.87 | 0.38 | 0.53 | 506 |
| **CD** (Conduction Disturbance) | 0.93 | 0.35 | 0.51 | 496 |
| **HYP** (Hypertrophy) | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 262 |
| **Micro Average** | 0.87 | 0.43 | 0.57 | 2777 |
| **Macro Average** | 0.90 | 0.34 | 0.44 | 2777 |

### Optimal Decision Thresholds

Class-specific thresholds optimized for clinical sensitivity-specificity balance:

- **NORM**: 0.17
- **MI**: 0.34
- **STTC**: 0.43
- **CD**: 0.41
- **HYP**: 0.33

### ROC-AUC Scores

- **STTC**: 0.918
- **NORM**: 0.915
- **MI**: Strong performance
- **CD**: Strong performance

---

## 🔧 Installation

### Prerequisites
```bash
pip install tensorflow>=2.0.0 numpy pandas scikit-learn matplotlib wfdb
```

### Clone Repository
```bash
git clone https://github.com/yourusername/CardioNet-XL.git
cd CardioNet-XL
```

---

## 🚀 Quick Start

### Load Model and Predict
```python
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

# Load the pre-trained model
model = tf.keras.models.load_model('cardionet_xl.h5')

# Define optimal thresholds for each class
thresholds = np.array([0.17, 0.34, 0.43, 0.41, 0.33])
class_labels = ['NORM', 'MI', 'STTC', 'CD', 'HYP']

# Load your ECG data (shape: [batch_size, 1000, channels])
ecg_data = np.load('your_ecg_data.npy')

# Get model predictions
predictions = model.predict(ecg_data)

# Apply optimal thresholds
binary_predictions = (predictions > thresholds).astype(int)

# Display results
for i, sample in enumerate(binary_predictions):
    detected_conditions = [class_labels[j] for j, pred in enumerate(sample) if pred == 1]
    print(f"Sample {i}: {', '.join(detected_conditions) if detected_conditions else 'No abnormalities detected'}")
```

### Input Data Format

- **Shape**: `(batch_size, 1000, channels)`
- **Type**: Normalized ECG signal (recommend z-score normalization)
- **Sampling Rate**: 500 Hz (downsampled from PTB-XL)
- **Duration**: 2 seconds per sample

### Loading PTB-XL Data
```python
import wfdb
import pandas as pd

# Load PTB-XL metadata
metadata = pd.read_csv('ptb-xl/ptbxl_database.csv')

# Load a single record
record = wfdb.rdsamp('ptb-xl/records500/00000/00001_hr')
ecg_signal = record[0]  # ECG data
```

---

## 📚 Training Details

### Training Configuration

- **Dataset**: PTB-XL (500 Hz sampling rate)
- **Train/Test Split**: Standard PTB-XL split (stratified by patient)
- **Optimizer**: Adam
- **Loss Function**: Binary Crossentropy
- **Epochs**: Early stopping at Epoch 4 (optimal generalization)
- **Batch Size**: 32
- **Validation Split**: 20%
- **Data Augmentation**: Optional noise injection and time shifting

### Training Observations

- Consistent decrease in training loss
- Validation loss begins to rise after Epoch 4, indicating optimal stopping point
- Model achieves peak performance early in training
- Class imbalance addressed through weighted loss function

---

## 🏥 Clinical Applications

CardioNet-XL is designed for:

- **Automated ECG Screening**: First-line triage in clinical settings
- **Remote Monitoring**: Wearable device integration
- **Emergency Departments**: Rapid preliminary assessment
- **Telemedicine**: Remote cardiac evaluation support
- **Research**: Large-scale ECG analysis
- **Education**: Teaching tool for ECG interpretation

**⚠️ Important**: This model is intended for research and clinical decision *support* only. It should not replace professional medical diagnosis.

---

## 📖 Citation

If you use CardioNet-XL in your research, please cite:
```bibtex
@software{cardionet_xl_2024,
  title={CardioNet-XL: Multi-label ECG Classification using 1D CNNs},
  author={Your Name},
  year={2024},
  url={https://huggingface.co/sid512206/CardioNet-XL}
}

@article{wagner2020ptbxl,
  title={PTB-XL, a large publicly available electrocardiography dataset},
  author={Wagner, Patrick and Strodthoff, Nils and Bousseljot, Ralf-Dieter and Kreiseler, Dieter and Lunze, Fatima I and Samek, Wojciech and Schaeffter, Tobias},
  journal={Scientific Data},
  volume={7},
  number={1},
  pages={154},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
}
```

---

## 📄 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.

**Note**: The PTB-XL dataset is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

---

## 🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

### Areas for Contribution

- Model architecture improvements
- Additional cardiac condition classifications
- Explainability and visualization tools
- Deployment scripts for clinical environments
- Documentation improvements

---

## 📧 Contact

For questions or collaborations, please reach out via:
- GitHub Issues
- Email: [your.email@example.com]

---

## 🙏 Acknowledgments

- **Dataset**: [PTB-XL ECG Database](https://physionet.org/content/ptb-xl/) - Wagner et al., 2020
- **PhysioNet**: For hosting and maintaining open medical datasets
- **Framework**: TensorFlow/Keras
- **Inspiration**: Clinical need for automated ECG interpretation
- **Community**: All contributors and researchers advancing cardiac AI

---

## 📚 Related Resources

- [PTB-XL Dataset Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0495-6)
- [PhysioNet](https://physionet.org/)
- [ECG Interpretation Guide](https://litfl.com/ecg-library/)
- [TensorFlow Documentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/)

---

**Dataset**: [PTB-XL on PhysioNet](https://physionet.org/content/ptb-xl/)