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import ast
import random
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Tuple, Optional, List, Dict
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1. AST Bug Injector (extended for all simple bugs)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class ASTBugInjector(ast.NodeTransformer):
def __init__(self, bug_type: str):
super().__init__()
self.bug_type = bug_type
self.modified = False
# --- Easy: null_check, simple_typo, string_index, default_value, empty_return ---
def visit_If(self, node: ast.If):
# null_check: remove the if-guard
if self.bug_type == "null_check" and not self.modified:
if node.body and len(node.body) == 1:
self.modified = True
return node.body[0]
# division_by_zero_empty: remove the empty check
if self.bug_type == "division_by_zero_empty" and not self.modified:
# pattern: if not data: return 0 – we delete the entire if
if (isinstance(node.test, ast.UnaryOp) and
isinstance(node.test.op, ast.Not) and
isinstance(node.test.operand, ast.Name)):
self.modified = True
return None # signal to remove this node from parent
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_Name(self, node: ast.Name):
if self.bug_type == "simple_typo" and not self.modified:
if node.id == "users":
self.modified = True
return ast.Name(id="usres", ctx=node.ctx)
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_Subscript(self, node: ast.Subscript):
if self.bug_type == "string_index" and not self.modified:
if isinstance(node.slice, ast.Index) and isinstance(node.slice.value, ast.Constant):
old_val = node.slice.value.value
if isinstance(old_val, int):
self.modified = True
node.slice = ast.Index(value=ast.Constant(value=old_val + 1))
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_Call(self, node: ast.Call):
# default_value: change dict.get(key) to dict[key] (no default)
if self.bug_type == "default_value" and not self.modified:
if (isinstance(node.func, ast.Attribute) and
node.func.attr == "get" and len(node.args) == 1):
self.modified = True
return ast.Subscript(
value=node.func.value,
slice=ast.Index(value=node.args[0]),
ctx=node.ctx
)
# abs_usage: remove abs()
if self.bug_type == "abs_usage" and not self.modified:
if isinstance(node.func, ast.Name) and node.func.id == "abs":
self.modified = True
return node.args[0]
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_FunctionDef(self, node: ast.FunctionDef):
# empty_return: insert a premature return None
if self.bug_type == "empty_return" and not self.modified:
self.modified = True
node.body.insert(0, ast.Return(value=ast.Constant(value=None)))
return self.generic_visit(node)
# --- Medium: off_by_one, loop_skip, sign_error, swap_args, uninitialised_var ---
def visit_For(self, node: ast.For):
if (self.bug_type in ("off_by_one", "loop_skip")) and not self.modified:
if (isinstance(node.iter, ast.Call) and
isinstance(node.iter.func, ast.Name) and
node.iter.func.id == "range"):
if self.bug_type == "off_by_one":
new_iter = ast.Call(
func=ast.Name(id='range', ctx=ast.Load()),
args=[
ast.Constant(value=1),
ast.BinOp(left=node.iter.args[0], op=ast.Sub(), right=ast.Constant(value=1))
],
keywords=[]
)
node.iter = new_iter
self.modified = True
elif self.bug_type == "loop_skip" and len(node.iter.args) == 1:
new_iter = ast.Call(
func=ast.Name(id='range', ctx=ast.Load()),
args=[ast.BinOp(left=node.iter.args[0], op=ast.Sub(), right=ast.Constant(value=1))],
keywords=[]
)
node.iter = new_iter
self.modified = True
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_BinOp(self, node: ast.BinOp):
# sign_error: flip Add/Sub, wrong_operator: Add->Sub, float_precision: Div->FloorDiv
if not self.modified:
if self.bug_type in ("wrong_operator", "sign_error"):
if isinstance(node.op, ast.Add):
node.op = ast.Sub()
self.modified = True
elif isinstance(node.op, ast.Sub):
node.op = ast.Add()
self.modified = True
elif self.bug_type == "float_precision" and isinstance(node.op, ast.Div):
node.op = ast.FloorDiv()
self.modified = True
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_arguments(self, node: ast.arguments):
# swap_args: swap first two arguments of a function
if self.bug_type == "swap_args" and not self.modified and len(node.args) >= 2:
self.modified = True
node.args[0], node.args[1] = node.args[1], node.args[0]
return self.generic_visit(node)
def visit_Assign(self, node: ast.Assign):
# uninitialised_var: remove an assignment statement (replaced with Pass)
if self.bug_type == "uninitialised_var" and not self.modified:
self.modified = True
return ast.Pass()
return self.generic_visit(node)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 2. Bug database (25 bugs, categorized by difficulty)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
BUG_DB = {
"easy": {
"null_check": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "null_check"},
"simple_typo": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "simple_typo"},
"string_index": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "string_index"},
"default_value": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "default_value"},
"empty_return": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "empty_return"},
},
"medium": {
"off_by_one": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "off_by_one"},
"loop_skip": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "loop_skip"},
"sign_error": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "sign_error"},
"swap_args": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "swap_args"},
"uninitialised_var": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "uninitialised_var"},
},
"hard": {
"division_by_zero_empty": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "division_by_zero_empty"},
"division_by_zero_zero": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "division_by_zero_empty"}, # same injector
"float_precision": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "float_precision"},
"abs_usage": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "abs_usage"},
"round_error": {"type": "ast", "bug_type": "round_error"}, # can be extended
},
"harder": {
"missing_lock": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "counter = 0\ndef increment():\n global counter\n counter += 1",
"oracle": "counter = 0\nimport threading\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef increment():\n global counter\n with lock:\n counter += 1",
},
"double_lock": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef do_work():\n lock.acquire()\n lock.acquire()\n print('working')\n lock.release()",
"oracle": "import threading\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef do_work():\n with lock:\n print('working')",
},
"global_nonatomic": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "count = 0\ndef add():\n global count\n count = count + 1",
"oracle": "count = 0\ndef add():\n global count\n count += 1",
},
"thread_safe_list": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\nitems = []\ndef append_item(item):\n items.append(item)",
"oracle": "import threading\nitems = []\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef append_item(item):\n with lock:\n items.append(item)",
},
"volatile_read": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\nstop = False\ndef worker():\n while not stop:\n pass",
"oracle": "import threading\nstop = False\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef worker():\n while True:\n with lock:\n if stop:\n break",
},
},
"hardest": {
"deadlock_order": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\nlock1 = threading.Lock()\nlock2 = threading.Lock()\ndef thread1():\n with lock1:\n with lock2:\n pass\ndef thread2():\n with lock2:\n with lock1:\n pass",
"oracle": "import threading\nlock1 = threading.Lock()\nlock2 = threading.Lock()\ndef thread1():\n with lock1:\n with lock2:\n pass\ndef thread2():\n with lock1:\n with lock2:\n pass",
},
"nested_lock_timeout": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef work():\n lock.acquire()\n # critical section\n lock.release()",
"oracle": "import threading\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef work():\n if lock.acquire(timeout=1):\n try:\n # critical section\n finally:\n lock.release()",
},
"fork_join": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\ndef worker():\n pass\nt = threading.Thread(target=worker)\nt.start()",
"oracle": "import threading\ndef worker():\n pass\nt = threading.Thread(target=worker)\nt.start()\nt.join()",
},
"mutex_release": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef thread_A():\n lock.acquire()\n lock.release()\ndef thread_B():\n lock.release()",
"oracle": "import threading\nlock = threading.Lock()\ndef thread_A():\n with lock:\n pass\ndef thread_B():\n with lock:\n pass",
},
"race_on_init": {
"type": "template",
"buggy": "import threading\nitems = []\ndef init():\n global items\n items = [1,2,3]\nt = threading.Thread(target=init)\nt.start()\nprint(items)",
"oracle": "import threading\nitems = []\ndef init():\n global items\n items = [1,2,3]\nt = threading.Thread(target=init)\nt.start()\nt.join()\nprint(items)",
},
},
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 3. Derived helpers
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
TASK_BUG_MAP = {level: list(bugs.keys()) for level, bugs in BUG_DB.items()}
TEMPLATE_BUGS = {}
for level, bugs in BUG_DB.items():
for bug_id, bug in bugs.items():
if bug["type"] == "template":
TEMPLATE_BUGS[bug_id] = (bug["buggy"], bug["oracle"])
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 4. RedTeam Controller (task‑aware)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@dataclass
class RedTeam:
task: str
seed: Optional[int] = 42
noise_prob: float = 0.2
_random: random.Random = field(init=False)
def __post_init__(self):
self._random = random.Random(self.seed)
def inject_bug(self, original_code: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, str]:
"""
Returns: (buggy_code, bug_type, description, oracle_fix)
Selects a bug appropriate for the task difficulty.
"""
bug_list = TASK_BUG_MAP.get(self.task, ["null_check"])
bug_type = self._random.choice(bug_list)
# Template bug: return hardcoded buggy + oracle
if bug_type in TEMPLATE_BUGS:
buggy_code, oracle_code = TEMPLATE_BUGS[bug_type]
description = f"Template bug: {bug_type}"
if self._random.random() < self.noise_prob:
buggy_code += "\n# TODO: refactor later"
return buggy_code, bug_type, description, oracle_code
# AST injection
try:
tree = ast.parse(original_code)
except SyntaxError:
return original_code, "parse_error", "Syntax error in original code", original_code
injector = ASTBugInjector(bug_type)
modified_tree = injector.visit(tree)
ast.fix_missing_locations(modified_tree)
if injector.modified:
buggy_code = ast.unparse(modified_tree)
oracle_fix = original_code
description = f"AST bug: {bug_type}"
else:
buggy_code = original_code
oracle_fix = original_code
bug_type = "no_op"
description = "No suitable code structure found for injection"
if self._random.random() < self.noise_prob:
buggy_code += "\n# TODO: refactor later"
return buggy_code, bug_type, description, oracle_fix
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