diff --git "a/Source.txt" "b/Source.txt" deleted file mode 100644--- "a/Source.txt" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5734 +0,0 @@ - - - - -United Nations -Educational, Scientific and � Cultural Organization � - - - - -ADVOCATING FOR SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES - - - - - -CARIBBEAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE - - -BROADCASTING G3OMMISSION -ocpPLEe1s:1in1Ge316:TL - - - - - - - - -UNESCO CARIBBEAN Al POLICY ROADMAP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ -t -. . �' . :,f -��I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Prepared in June 2021 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, -75352 Paris 07 SP, France - -� UNESCO 2021 - -This report is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://cre� ativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). The present license applies exclusively to the text content of this report and to images whose copyright belongs to UNESCO. By using the content of this report, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UN ESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). - -The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its au� thorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. - -The ideas and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO or the -"Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica and do not commit those organizations. - -This report was facilitated by the UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean as a part of the Al for the Caribbean Initiative - -Printed by UNESCO - -The printer is certified lmprim'Vert�, the French printing industry's environmental initiative. -CCO/2021/Al/2 REV - -The statements in this publication are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or the views of UNESCO. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. - - - - - - - -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - - - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - - - - - - -ADVOCATING FOR SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES - - -UNESCO CARIBBEAN Al POLICY ROADMAP - - -TABLE OF CONTENTS - -Acknowledgements iii -Executive Summary 1 -Introduction 10 - - - - - -CARIBBEAN Purpose 11 How the Policy Roadmap was Developed? 11 How to Use the Policy Guidance 12 Assumptions 12 Al and the Caribbean 13 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE -INITIATIVE Definitions -Challenges 13 -24 Opportunities 33 Caribbean SWOT Analysis 40 - - - -BROADCASTING G3OMISSION -pcorueernns:non.nGe:G:nu - -Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap -Policy Guidelines & Recommendations 41 -Resilience - Environmental Care & Climate Change Fight -Governance - Regulation, Legislation, Accountability & -Management -Transformation - Public & Private Sector Investment -Upskilling - Education & Training -Preservation - Big Data & Creativity -Sustainability- Innovation & Adaptation - - - - - - - -Caribbean Al Initiative - Forum 1 Summary - -Caribbean Al Initiative - Forum 2 Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ii UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap -ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - -The policy roadmap was an output of the Caribbean Al Initiative which was conducted by the UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean and the Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica (BCJ), with the support of UNESCO IFAP. - -With special thanks to: - - -NAME UNESCO - -Isabel Viera Bermudez Advisor for Communication and Information, UNESCO Cluster Office for the -Caribbean - -Paula lst~riz Cavero Programme Specialist, Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean - -Giuliana Neumann Consultant UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean - -Catherina Sch~nhammer Public Information Officer, UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean - - - - -NAME Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica CARIBBEAN Al -INITIATIVE ROLE Cordel Green Executive Director Project Oversight Nicole Walford Deputy Executive Director Project Management -Latoya Duffus Senior Director Communications and Public Education (Acting) -Project Promotions -Sasha Harrison -Economist -Project Research Management Ajani Domville Communications Intern Project Promotions Intern Ashleigh Stam pp Research Intern Project Support & Data Collection -Intern - -Abigail Francis Public Relations Intern Project Promotions Intern - - - -Research and Drafting Team - -Erica Simmons, Executive Director - Centre for Digital Innovation and Advanced Manufacturing, Caribbean -Maritime University - -Andrea Davis, IP and Creative Industries Consultant - -Design and layout - -lkechukwu Ojuro - -The policy recommendations were informed by a series of UNESCO-sponsored multi-stakeholder events, discussions, on line surveys as well as contextualized research and analysis related to Artificial Intelligence in the Caribbean carried out in 2020 and early 2021. - - - - - - - -iii UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -W -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -"The difficulties facing the region are no longer simply about competing effectively in a globalising economy. Rather, they are 'existential threats' which bring into question the fundamental viability of Caribbean society itself. Climate change, transnational crime, the -decline of regional industries, food security, governance challenges, international diplomacy ... are becoming increasingly acute in the immediate present; failure -to act immediately, decisively and coherently at the regional level could quite conceivably herald the effective decline of Caribbean society as a 'perfect storm' of problems gathers on the horizon." - -- Sir Shridath Ramphal, former Guyana Government Minister, - UWI Chancellor and three-term Secretary General of the Commonwealth at Inaugural G. Arthur Brown Lecture hosted by the Bank of Jamaica 2011 - -The Caribbean is a glorious pepperpot soup bursting with the diverse flavours of humanity and reflecting the innovative spirit and resiliency of its ancestors. Often referred to as a 'zone of peace' and a 'melting pot' because of the rich cultural, linguistic, ethnic and environmental diversity among its nation states, the Caribbean's uniquely vibrant and multifaceted culture has been global exports for centuries. Reflecting the inclusive -nature of the Caribbean's diversity in terms of race, -ethnicity, language and culture, forty-four million persons call the cluster of islands home. - -The Greater Caribbean region boasts linguistic plurality as a result of its colonial history: English, French and Spanish are the three main languages spoken in the Region, which are among the most spoken languages -in the world and could offer the region a competitive advantage in relation to trade, investment and tourism.2 Representing approximately 0.56% -of the total world population, the islands in the Caribbean region are considered Small Island Developing States (SIDS).3 SIDS are extremely important for global biodiversity as islands harbour -20% of all plant, bird and reptile species in only about 3% of the Earth's land surface. New data on the benefits that coral reefs provide to the travel industry and the region's economy reveal that the value of reef-associated tourism is estimated at more than US$7.9 billion annually from over 11 million visitors. This accounts for 23% of all tourism spending and is equivalent to more than 10% of the region's GDP (gross domestic product).4 - - -1 Lowrie-Chin, J., 2011 The Only Things That Separates Us. Retrieved from https://jamaicans.com/ -weseparatesus/ -2Artifcial Intelligence and the Caribbean, Lodewijk Smets - Zubin Deya I, Caribbean Dev Trends.com, November 20, 2018, https://blogs.iadb.org/caribbean-dev-trends/en/9397/ -3https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/caribbean-population/ -4EcoEarnings: A Shore Thing -The Ocean Foundation - EcoEarnings: A Shore Thing (ietblue.com) - - -SIDS were recognized as a special case, both for their environment and development, at the United Nations Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, -Brazil (3-14 June 1992). The islands are a part -of a distinct group of developing countries facing specific social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. The SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (S.A.M.O.A) Pathway an outcome of the 'Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States (SIDS Conference) in 2014, acknowledged that the identification of SIDS priorities was needed in the formulation of the 2030 Agenda.5 - -Despite the challenges and marginalization that slavery, stagnant growth and climatic threats -have posed to the region and while the Caribbean exited colonialism largely without a development pact, it has produced excellence across fields. Its people have continued to emerge as some of the most warm, resilient, innovative and globally competitive human resources and cultural creators of non-perishable consumables - Nobel laureates, exceptional sportsmen and sportswoman, globally influential artistes, thinkers and leaders. If data and information that is produced within the region by these leaders on art, music, film, fashion or sports is characterized as 'thought data', 'physical data' and -'cultural data', one can begin to contextualize the national, global, economic and social importance of Caribbean creativity. - -Artificial Intelligence (Al) is a dynamic technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Its effects are forecasted to impact every aspect of society. -As the discussions about Al heightens, many SIDS including those in the Caribbean, have yet to develop strategies and national policies to manage the impacts of Al on their society even -as the citizens interact with Al in daily life. As an underrepresented stakeholder in the Al ethics debate, Caribbean SIDS must begin to articulate the indigenous knowledge, cultural and ethnic -pluralism, and diverse value systems that define the -region. - -These characteristics should underpin the humanistic development and ethical deployment of Al technologies in the region and guide it towards service to the people. This context must be reflected in the region's policy discussions. - - -5 The SAMOA Pathway, http://www.2030caribbean.org/content/unct/caribbean/en/home/sustain� -able-development-goals/samoa-pathway.html#:-:text=The%20SAMOA%20Pathway&text=The%20 -SIDS%20Accelerated%20Modalities%20of,September%202014%20in%20Apia%2C%20Samoa. - - - - -1 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -Critical questions such as how Al should be deployed in the Caribbean, so it does not cannibalize this region's human creativity but serve to enhance or even amplify it. How can Al be combined with the diversity of the region to -produce products that fight Al bias, discrimination and threats to security? How can Al help the Caribbean overcome historical developmental challenges such as poverty, crime, stagnant growth and the impacts of climate change? Answers to these questions may provide a starting point for how to contextualize the needs of the people and how Al can support the Caribbean's social, cultural and environmental wellbeing. - -While Al has generally contributed to improved performance and productivity where deployed, its employment has commonly seen a variety of 'blind spots' or risks related to the infringement and exploitation of citizen data privacy. - -Al systems raise new types of ethical issues that include, but are not limited to, their impact on decision-making in employment and labour, social interaction, health care, education, media, freedom of expression, access to information, privacy, democracy, discrimination, and weaponization. Furthermore, new ethical challenges are created by the potential of Al algorithms to reproduce biases, for instance regarding gender, ethnicity, and age, and thus to exacerbate already existing forms of discrimination, identity prejudice and stereotyping. As Caribbean nations expand their adoption of -Al tools and other exponential technologies, stakeholders (policymakers, citizens, private - -sector, academia, and NGOs) must proactively collaborate to create strategies for the humanistic development of guidelines, regulations and laws. Boundaries should be defined to regulate the Al decision-making, Al rights, inclusion of manual overrides and Al accountability protocols. - -The future of Artificial Intelligence predicts that all industries will eventually be affected by Al technologies. The international audit and consultancy firm PWC, has estimated that the -global market for Al, the general-purpose technology, -in 2020 was US$2.43 trillion, and by 2030 is expected to grow to US$15.7 trillion up to 14% higher in 2030 because of the accelerating development and take- -up ofA/.6 As a General-Purpose Technology, Al is both a horizontal and vertical industry with diverse applications and the ability to learn almost any task. It is forecasted that Al will move to revolutionize every field it touches. - -The big industries in the Caribbean poised for regional development as defined by the CAR/COM Council for Trade and Economic Development (COTED) includes: Healthcare, Financial Services, Education, Security, Environment, Culture, Manufacturing, Agriculture and Tourism. All these industries of UNESCO: education, sciences, culture, and communication. UNESCO aims to be a catalyst in bringing together multidisciplinary, -universal and holistic approach to the development of Al in the service of humanity, sustainable development, and peace. The human-centered - - -6 Sizing the Prize: What's the real value of Al for business and how can you capitalize? PWC, https:// -www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - ,~., ,~ 1' $, syt ��$ - -It 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lw -10 0OD N$64f$ Or n potato - -Figure 1. IDRC I CRD/ Government Readiness Score - - -design includes the participation of stakeholders -in the design and implementation of the Al system. It is believed that this strategy can help provide essential perspectives in the design or redesign of governance systems in the Caribbean context.? - -"While the rest of the world is investing in Al, the -Caribbean is still talking about it."8 -- Leslie Lee Fook, Director, A.I., Analytics and Automation, lncus Services - -The integration of Al and automation in the Caribbean must not compromise the region's most valuable renewable resource - human creativity. Data is such an important topic for today and into our future as it has been noted that 'we are our -data', and 'data rights will be the civil rights of our -time' � - -It is therefore critical that a multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) strategy and action plan - - -7 UNESCO 2020. First Draft of the Recommendation of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, 40 C/37, Pub UNESCO. -8Leslie Lee Fook, Director, A.I., Analytics and Automation, Incus Services, Lee Fook, L. (2021, Feb 19). Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For Sustainable Development [Online forum]. ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylOKmHG2Q&t=327s -9 Renee Cummings, Criminologist, Criminal Psychologist, Al Ethicist, Data Activist -Cummings, R. (2021, Feb 18). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For -Sustainable Development [Online forum]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSY4rAgpl Fe - -be developed to further govern the deployment of Al technologies in the region. Al is an industry that must have regulations to manage the span of its integration in the lives of people. Without it, there is a risk of tipping the balance of power in favour of corporate affective computing over human rights and well-being. - -According to the World Bank, "Data collection and processing requires an adequate framework, extensive digital infrastructure, stringent regulations for privacy protection, and tools to mitigate risks of harm to data subjects." Developing nations often lack the data necessary to fine-tune development interventions -as data collection has long been a regional weakness. The need for big data will require a big push representing significant new job opportunities for women, youth and disabled people. Al's ability to tackle unstructured data such as text, images, -and audio will be useful for extracting existing knowledge from legacy systems. The information is needed to improve strategic planning and better -ensure sustainable development. - - - - - -10Peersman, G. (2014).Overview: Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Impact Evaluation, Meth� -odological Briefs: Impact Evaluation 10, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence. - - - - -3 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Figure 2. Machine Learning - - -Policymakers should equip themselves with the requisite knowledge and skills to inform legislation and regulations to effectively govern the further deployment Artificial Intelligence technology in the Caribbean region. - - - -"We stand to leave so many of our practitioners and stakeholders behind if we do not consider the role of Al in actually streaming the ecosystem." - -- Dr. Marielle Barrow, Program Coordinator, Caribbean Development Bank - - -The upskilling and reskilling of the regional workforce must be facilitated to support education targeted at Al literacy and development of -requisite skills. Derived from input of diverse stakeholders across the Caribbean islands, this framework for Al technologies and its social implications, take into consideration their well� being, social values and ethical principles. - - - - -11 Dr. Marielle Barro w, Program Coordinator at the Caribbe an Development Bank - - - - -4 - -ASSUMPTIONS - -For the purposes of developing this policy roadmap, the following assumptions were made regarding the Caribbean and Artificial Intelligence: - -� Human creativity is inextricably linked to -Caribbean identify, economic viability and -sustainable development - -� Al is a product of human creativity - -� Al in service of humanity - -� Al is transformative - -� Al Industry is vertical and horizontal - -� Al must be inclusive, fair, transparent, accountable - -� Al is an existential threat to humanity - -� Al must be regulated - -� Human rights supersede Al rights - -� Al not eligible for human rights - -� Al is global - -� Al is the most important general-purpose technology of the century - -� Al and SG are inevitable - -� Bias is everywhere in Al - -� We Are Our Data - -� Data rights will be the civil rights movement of the 21st century - -� Broadband access will be a human right in the 21st century - -� New skills education and training are essential - - - -Considering the challenges and opportunities linked to Al technologies, the principles and objectives which follow are recommended to - -support Al integration in the Caribbean. - -The Caribbean stakeholder consensus was clear that human creativity can never be sacrificed and that Al must work in service to the people to enable greater productivity especially among women, youth and disabled persons. In addition, Al should be employed in service of the preservation and protection of each Caribbean nation's creative advantages, socio-cultural heritage and natural environment. The Caribbean rejects technological determinism and embraces human centered Al design for the good as the way forward. - -The proposed framework for the Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap is built on six (6) principles. These principles include national and regional strategies and deliverables recommended to enable the Caribbean's effective adaptation of Al technologies and digital transformation of its economies. - -1. Resiliency to enable environmental management and fight climate change. - -2. Governance to enable regulation, legislation to enhance safety, security, and accountability of AI- Do No Harm. - -3. Transformation through investment in smart island digital infrastructure & public sector digital transformation. - -4. Upskilling of human capital with digital skills to contribute to regional industry productivity. - -5. Preservation of Caribbean cultural data using capture, storage and digitalisation technologies. - -6. Sustainability strategies to support Caribbean attainment of the UN SDGs including gender equality, poverty eradication, climate justice and environmental protection. - - -The recommended strategies from the consultations and stakeholder presentations in -2020 and early 2021, are reflected in the principles, -objectives, guidelines, actions and deliverables outlined in the roadmap below. - - - - - - -5 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - -Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap -Figure 3. Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - -RESILIENCY - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION - -Early Warning Systems DELIVERABLES - -Save Lives Earthquakes I Hurricanes I Rising Seas Minimize Risk & Economic Disaster Mitigation Environmental Monitoring Loss Report Trouble Spots Using Satellite lmagary Predictive Analysis Environmental Management Disaster Management I Public Education Save Lives -Climate Change Fight -Resource Management Decarbonization - -Monitor Decarbonization -Improve Food Security Oceans I Rivers I Ports I Volcanoes I Carbon Emissions Improve Food Security -Reduce Climate Risks - -Predictive Analysis Monitor Improve Responsiveness -Weather Rainfall Temperature Reefs Pollution Climate - -GOVERNANCE I - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES - -Establish Regional Common Values And Principles Establish National And Regional Ai Offices And Data Trusts Develop Technical Code Of Conduct (Developers) -Ethics Develop Procurement Guidelines (Buyers) -Encourage Companies To Develop Ai Design I Use Principles - - -Fairness I Stewardship -Reduced biases Raise Awareness of responsible Al -Reference leee P7000""Series Of Standards For Responsible Al Strategies -Interoperability of Systems -Ethically Aligned Design - -Standards I Values - -Ai Policy I Regulations I Penalities -Review Policy & Legislation On let And Cybercrimes To Align -With Responsible Ai Governance Enforcement I Deterrent -Establish Longterm Policy, Soft Laws And Legislative -Legislation Framework To Address Ai Harms, Responsibiliy And Liability -Adaptation Of New Financial Instruments -Including Digital Currencies -Do No Harm Lobby For Fiscal And Policy Space To Align Frameworks -Fairness (National I Regional I International) -Data Protection -Accountability Create Caribbean Al Standards Authority to aggregate - -Integration I Adaptation -Investment I Trade -Public Health -Transparency, Explainability & Explainability the specialized competencies that would be required to Explainability -Accountability Autonomy evaluate & approve deployment of proposed Al solutions Accountability -Stewardship Require Al data sheets with training process explained -Reduce Bias -Develop Al to test Al for biases -Responsible Al Identify Al applications to assist with safety & wellbeing and -Interoperability Al applications in most need of governance -Standards Design Manual Override Options (Kill Switch) Risk Impact -Safety & Wellbeing Values Establish Al Innovations and framworks for Do No Harm Technology -IOT Innovation Protect and Save Lives -Improved Citizen Services Justice Reform &Law Enforcement Retain Human Control -Online Dispute Resolution System -Defend Human Rights -(create I own I marry I reproduce etc) - -Provide equitable high speed internet access -and broadband - - -Access I Inclusion I -Equity Create flexible strategies to ensure technology access Increased participation -Recruit women and youth to inform and develop software -Utilize equitable machine learning algorithms - -- women-youth-disabled -Increase sharing - -Participate in Global Al Discourses -Promote Al regional/global networks Data Privacy -Launch software conference targeting software developers -Advocacy Lobby big tech companies to collaborate with the Caribbean Informed Consent -Issue Papers on Al I Responsible Al Training I Al Policies Increase Sphere of Influence -Participate in global Al forums Data Protection -Public Education - -SUSTAINABILITY - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES Use as tool in creation I production I -protection I preservation Service to Humans Establish Caribbean Al Governance Network comprised of a Cultural Preservation Sustainable Development network of experts to recommend new Al developments Predictive Analysis -Improve Citizen Wellbeing Establish Data Bank in National Archives Increased Efficiency -Decision-Making Structural Improvements I Digitize Operations -Gender Equity -Structural Improvements -Implement programmes leveraging Al in Poverty Reduction -Global Goals Clean Energy I Economic Development (Women and Youth) Sustainable Development -Reduce Digital Gender Gap I Upgrade Systems - - -6 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - -TRANSFORMATION - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION - -Introduce Efficiency Programmes DELIVERABLES (crime]education]health[energy) maintenance) with public/private partnerships Public sector efficiency programmes ex. patent and trademark examination, management and forecast of traffic, the development of predictive capabilities for emergency Digital Transformation Public Sector responses Improved Efficiency Al Assistants to Improve citizen engagement and services Digital Economy Investment Infrastructure such as on line experiences for website visitors and reducing Modernize Digital Economy the number of people entering brick and mortar service Improved Efficiency centres Monitize Data Paperless Data Integration New Industries Support Caribbean IOT Innovation -Establish National and Regional Data Banks (governance) - Establish secure, energy efficient renewable energy based Al Infrastructure Smart Island Infrastructure Data Centres (storage) I Data Hubs (R&D I products) (Physical I Digital) Establish Internet Infrastructure� Broadband I WiFi I SG Digital Autonomy -Establish secure regional computing cloud - -UPSKILLING I - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES - -New Programmes for women, youth, disabled Public Education on Media and Information Literacy MOOC Courses for public sector -Establish Regional Al Incentives for Expand Digital Skill Pool -Academia I Private Sector New Products -Create a AIR&D Tech Fund I Regional AIR&D Cloud Wealth Generation -Initiate and Strengthen Strategic Alliances Transform Industries -Innovation Establish new Al assisted industries Increase Efficiency & Medical Cannibis] E-Health] E-Sports [ E-Education Productivity -Mariculture I Wellbeing Management Enhance Customer Service -Software Development Diversify Consumer -Innovation I Monitization Increase Productivity Across Industries Experience -Digital Skills I Digital Literacy I Al Manufacturing-Regenerative Agriculture-Tou rism- -Adoption Transportation-Criminal Justice-Financial Services-Creative -Responsible Al Culture I R&D I Industries - Innovation Increase Data Man- agement Capacity I Improved Al -Curriculum I Increased Awareness I Develop Al Bias Test Software Algorithms for efficient Al -Increase Work Pool training -Optimize algorithms for efficient testing -(energy optimization) -Leverage Linguistic Plurality develop Al tools to support Revenue Generation inclusion online such e-translation systems Diversify Al Economy -Monitization Stucturing Data to extract value Increase Trade -Digitize Creative and Environmental Content E-Translation Services -Develop Digital Content I Promote Data Services Increase Knowledge Services -E-Tourism and Creative Industries -Augmented Reality Experiences Mentoring, Training and Accelerator Programmes for women, youth and disabled - -I PRESERVATION I -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES - - -Launch National and Regional Preservation Programmes -Data Capture Establish National and Regional Data Banks -Recruit and train youth and creatives to work as Accurate Digital Data -preservationists - - - -Data Storage - -Ensure there are Secure National and -Regional Storage Platforms Data Security -Culture Environment Society Recruit and train women, youth, disabled -Data Archives and creatives to handle data -Data Security -Data Utility Structured Data Clean public data I prepare machine readible format -Data Preservation Virtual Tourism Experirences classify, label, archive and manage content Data Utility -Cultural Heritage Preservation Recruit and train women, youth, disabled and creatives in -archival and data cleaning services - -Capture I Classify I Clean I Format I Store I Analyze I Structured Data -Data Management Archive Socio-Culural Environmental -Heritage Preservation - -3D Mapping of Caribbean SIDS Capitals (28) Virtual Tourism Experiences -Cultural Historical Social Environmental -Data Monitization - -Augmented Reality Experiences I Increase Financial - -Cultural Heritage -Literacy Preservation - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -"UNESCO's 'Algorithms for All' agenda seeks -to encourage the creation of diverse, equitable, communicative Al using multidisciplinary, holistic and ethical approaches to protect humanity and the environment; enable sustainable development and promote human rights."2 -- Sadia Sanchez-Vegas, Director, -UNESCO Cluster offce for the Caribbean - -In UNESCO's Developing Competencies for the -Al Era Forum held December 7-8, 2020, UNESCO -called on Member States to recognize the -increasing importance of developing Al literacy and -Al competencies for all citizens. - -The debates over the two days recognized that the pervasive use of Artificial Intelligence will be the distinct feature of the future. Living and working with Al will not be optional, and therefore, preparing to live and work safely and effectively with Al has become a shared challenge at global level. The speakers noted -that countries face diverse development challenges and possible futures, which implies that development of Al competencies and the use of Al will need to account -for the diversity of local contexts. It is recognized that the potentials of Al- including automation of low-skill tasks, augmentation of human capacities, -and ampli(lcation of business models - should be used -for the bene(lt of society and for the common good. Aligned with the humanistic approach UNESCO takes -towards the use of Al, humans should be protected - -from becoming victims of Al tools. Al should be designed and deployed as a tool at the service of humans towards a sustainable development that is economically and sociallyjust and inclusive. Keeping Al under control should be from, and by, design. Al developers need to be regulated, and the design of Al should be based on accountability, transparency and -'explainability'. Al by nature has the power to transcend borders. It is therefore imperative that cross-border regulations be developed and executed to ensure that -Al is designed for and serves the common good. The work of UNESCO in developing the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence was presented and was recognized as one of the most important international response to the need.13 - -While most believe in the uniqueness of human intelligence, creativity and ethical reasoning, people need to understand the theory and practice -of artificial intelligence. The UNESCO debates suggested that: - -� Al Literacy should include understanding how -Al collects and can manipulate data -� Data Literacy and the skills to ensure safety and protection of our personal data -� Algorithm Literacy that comprises knowledge of how algorithms process data and control behaviour through personalized human� machine communication - - - -12 Sanchez-Vegas, S. (2020, Dec 10). Artifcial Intelligence In the Caribbean Context: What Are We -Talking About? [Online forum]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylq0KmHG2Q&t=327s - -13 International education community gathers to deliberate on the development of Al competencies for all, UNESCO https://en.unesco.org/news/international-education-community-gathers-deliber� ate-development-ai-competencies-all -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -PURPOSE - -The guidelines reflected in this document are intended to provide a roadmap for developing Al policy within the Caribbean context and reflects UNESCO's human-centered, multi� stakeholder vision for developing standards for Al use including cooperation, human rights and sustainable development. - -HOW THE POLICY ROADMAP WAS DEVELOPED - -The findings and analyses of this paper are limited primarily to Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). These guidelines were informed by a broad consultative process through UNESCO sponsored stakeholder forums produced by -the Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica that provided a platform to share perspectives from -a variety of experts to better reflect the regional -landscape. Stakeholders including private sector, government and relevant NGOs, as well as academics were engaged. Also included were perspectives from women, youth and disabled persons, representing traditionally underserved communities. Their collective contributions are woven into the policy roadmap and reflected in -key quotes throughout the document highlighting perspectives of Al in the Caribbean. - -This policy roadmap also builds on and refers to guidance provided in key related resource documents including� - -� UNESCO Ad Hoc Expert Group (AHEG)'s First Draft of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence - -� Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), -including Article 27 emphasizing the right to share in scientific advancement and its benefits - -� Small Island Development States -Accelerated Modalities of Action (S.A.M.O.A) Pathway (2014) - -� UN Guiding Principles on Business and -Human Rights (2011) - -� UN Policy Brief: lmpactofCOVID-19on -Women (2020) - -� UNICEF Policy Guidance on Al for Children -(2020) - -� UNICEF I CAPRI The Effect of COVID-19 -Pandemic on Jamaican Children � -Preliminary Results (2021) - -� IEEE Ethically Aligned Design: A Vision for Prioritizing Human Well-being with Autonomous and Intelligent Systems (2020) - -� National Institute of Standards and Technology: Four Principles of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2020) - -� European Commission White Paper -on Artificial Intelligence - A European -Approach to Excellence and Trust (2020) - -� The European Commission's High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Al (2020) - -This paper was compiled using multiple sources of information including a combination of desk research and literature review of information from the United Nations, World Bank, The -World Economic Forum and the Organization for Economic Co-operations and Development and other statistical data sources. Reports from local news outlets were also used to gather relevant information on activities of individual Caribbean SIDS nations to provide a wide range of views -and opinions. All sources are referenced in a brief footnote. Full details of all sources cited and consulted are found alphabetically in the -bibliography. Information deficits were observed including numerous data constraints posed by limited, fragmented or non-existent data on the topic of Al by nation and as a region. - - - - -� - -r - , 9 -I -~ ~ -.0 - r 0 -Z ,... -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -HOW TO USE THE POLICY GUIDANCE - -The guidance herein can be used in a variety of contexts: - -� When educating stakeholders about the opportunities and risks of Al - important when developing the life cycle of policy and technology development, within Caribbean governments and companies - -� When creating, reviewing and/or updating -Al policies, strategies or codes of conduct - -� When developing and implementing -Al systems that interact with or impact women, youth, disabled and other at-risk communities - -ASSUMPTIONS - -For the purposes of developing this policy roadmap, the following assumptions were made regarding the Caribbean and Artificial Intelligence: - - -� Human creativity is inextricably linked -to Caribbean identify, economic viability -and sustainable development - -� Al is a product of human creativity - -� Al in service of humanity - -� Al is transformative - -� Al Industry is vertical and horizontal - -� Al must be inclusive, fair, transparent, accountable - -� Al is an existential threat to humanity - -� Al must be regulated - -� Human rights supersede Al rights - -� Al not eligible for human rights - -� Al is global - -� Al is the most important general-purpose technology of the century - -� Al and SG are inevitable - -� Bias is everywhere in Al - -� We Are Our Data - -� Data rights will be the civil rights movement of the 21century - -� Broadband access will be a human right in the 21� century - -� New skills education and training are essential - - - - - - -12 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -Al & THE CARIBBEAN - -Al Definition - -In 1956, an American computer and cognitive scientist John McCarthy coined the term artificial intelligence (Al)14 as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. UNESCO's frst draft on the recommendation on the ethics of Artificial Intelligence approaches Al systems as technological systems which have the capacity -to process information in a way that resembles intelligent behaviour and, typically includes aspects of reasoning, learning, perception, prediction, planning or control.15 - -The European Commission's High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Al said - - "Artificial Intelligence (Al) systems are software (and possibly hardware) systems designed by humans, that given a complex goal, act in the physical and digital dimension by perceiving their environment through data acquisition, interpreting the collected structure -of unstructured data, reasoning on the knowledge, -or processing the information, derived from this data and deciding the best actions(s) to take to achieve the given goal. Al Systems can either use symbolic rules -or learn a numeric model, and they can also adapt their behaviour, by analysing how the environment is affected by their previous action."1� - -The growing capabilities of these systems and their horizontal impact help to categorize Al as a General-Purpose Technology (GPT). General� -Purpose Technologies are technologies or clusters of related technologies defined by the potential -for pervasive use in a wide range of industry sectors and by their technological dynamism. Characterized as engines of growth, some examples include the steam engine, the electric motor and -the microprocessor. - -Al systems train using large data sets to identify patterns, make predictions, recommend actions, and figure out what to do in unfamiliar situations, learning from new data and thus improving over time. This new learning is called Machine Learning - -14Professor John McCarthy - Artifcial Intelligence (stanford.edu) -15 UNESCO. 2020. First Draft of the Recommendation of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, 40 C/37. Paris: UNESCO. -16 European Commission's High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, 'Ethics Guidelines for -Trustworthy Al' (2019) p. 36 -17Timothy F Bresnahan and Manuel Trajtenberg. General purpose technologies 'engines of growth'? Journal of econometrics, 65(1):83-108, 1995. - -or Deep Learning also encompassed under Al make these systems descriptive, prescriptive and predictive in nature. Their use will continue to be introduced to the daily lives of Caribbean people much more than they are today. - - - - -CHARACTERISTICS OF Al - -� 4th Revolution {3,000x im pact of 1st Revolution) - -� Product of the Human Mind -� Horizontal and Vertical -Industry - -� General-Purpose Technology -� Cyber-Physical Systems -� Transformative -� Amoral -� Cognitive -� Disruptive -� Descriptive -� Predictive -� Prescriptive - - - -Figure 4. Characteristics of artificial intelligence - - -Forms of Al in use today include digital assistants, chatbots and machine learning amongst others. - -� Automated Intelligence: Automation of manual/cognitive and routine/nonroutine tasks. - -� Assisted Intelligence: Helping people to perform tasks faster and better. - -� Augmented Intelligence: Helping people to make better decisions. - -� Autonomous Intelligence: Automating decision-making processes without human intervention. - - - - -13 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - - - -ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE -Programs with the ability to learn and reason like humans - - - - -MACHINE LEARNING Algorithms with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Figure 5. Visual Diagram of Elements ofArtificial Intelligence - - -Machine learning and deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, is based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal human intervention. It is a 4th industrial revolution innovation that is everywhere and is used in multiple fields helping to enhance industrial and professional processes and is also delivering benefits to everyday -living. For example, machine learning is used for medical diagnosis, image processing, prediction, classification, learning association and regression use machine learning. A few examples of machine learning applications are: - -1. Virtual Personal Assistants - Siri, Alexa, Google - -2. Self-driving Cars - Google Car, Telsa - -3. Product Recommendations - Online recommendation offers such as those from Amazon and Netflix - -4. Social Media Services: Knowing -what people are saying on Twitter, or suggestions for people you know on Facebook - -5. Traffic predictions - Traffic hotspots or rerouting - -An Al system needs to learn from data in order to be able to fulfill its function and so Al systems need big data to work. Al's ability to work so well with data analytics is the primary reason why Al and Big Data are now seemingly inseparable. Data and Al are merging into a synergistic relationship, where -Al is cannot function without data and data insights are insurmountable without Al. Al machine learning and deep learning must learn from every data input. These systems use those inputs to generate new rules for future business analytics. Problems arise, however, when the data being used is not good data. For Al machine learning systems to work efficiently, there must be an agreed-upon methodology to -data collection (mining) and data structure before running the data through a machine learning or deep learning algorithm. - -Natural language processing, for example, will not be possible without millions of samplings of human speech, recorded and broken down into a format that Al engines can more easily process. Big Data -is going to continue to grow larger as Al becomes a viable option for automating more tasks, and Al will become a bigger field as more data is available for learning and analysis. - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Human + Al Al - -algorithms are deployed out of the box.19 Across the world, COVI D 19 has accelerated the creation -Asisted -Intelligence - -Assisted in making decisions and taking actions - -Augmented -Intelligence - -Human decision makingautomation - -Automation - - -Automation of routine tasks - - -Augmented -Intelligence - -Adaptation to different situations, acting without human assistance - -and deployment of digital offerings by seven (7) -years.? - -Since Artificial Intelligence (Al) and Machine Learning are fundamental technologies of the future, it will therefore be important that the Caribbean puts greater focus and accelerate -the understanding of it. The international audit -and consultancy firm PWC, has estimated that the global market for Al, the general-purpose technology, in 2020 was US$2.43 trillion, and by -2030 is expected to grow to US$15.7 trillion up to -14% higher in 2030 because of the accelerating development and take-up of Al.21 - -Figure 6. PWC AI Report - -As of 2021, there are nine companies that steer the future of Artificial Intelligence. Six of these nine companies are in the United States including: IBM, Facebook, Apple, Google and Amazon, and the remaining three are in China (Tencent, Alibaba -and Baidu). 18 Caribbean SIDS rely heavily on trade and other technologies from the economic giants and technology creators in the US and China. However, Artificial Intelligence technologies are being developed by groups of persons that may not be cognizant of diverse socio-cultural and historical context that exist in the Caribbean and as such -may cause adverse effects on countries if these - - -18 Davos 2019- Setting Rules for the Al Race: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lzqw5c0Myqw - - -[ZEIIZIEEITBLL - - - -IIEEELILEIEIZIRINIEII - --Joshua Starmer, StatQuest - - -Figure 7. Machine Learning Tlps - - -19 Noble, Safya. Algorithms of Oppression How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: NYU -Press,2019 -20How Covid 19 Has Pushed Companies Over the Technology Tipping Point - and Transformed -Business Forever, Oct 5, 2020, McKenzie and Company. -21 Sizing the Prize: What's the real value of Al for business and how can you capitalize? PWC, https:// -www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf - - - - -15 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -Al CHALLENGES - -As Al technology increasingly impacts society, key affiliated challenges include: -Norwegian diplomat Christian Louis Lange made the statement that "Technology is a useful -1. -Existential Threat servant but a dangerous master" in his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech in 1921 about the advancements of technology in the 20th century.22 2. Ethics-Bias-Harm This statement predicted the advancement of 3. Big Data Rights technology as a useful tool to aid humans in their work, but also warned of the possibility that 4. Job Loss it could evolve and become an uncontrollable entity. Lange's prediction came true, as ninety five 5. Equity years later, technology has captured the people's attention, making them the servants. This damaged 6. Cyber-Security the relationship between people and nature to the -point where people are more concerned with the -health of their technology rather than the health of their environment. - - - - - - - - -22 Posner, T., 10.29.2018, Artificial Intelligence for All: A Call for Equity in the Fourth Indus� trial Revolution, Our World, Retrieved from https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/artificial-intelli� gence-for-all-a-call-for-equity-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution - -The dangers of advanced Al have been popularized -in the late 2010s by Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates & Elon Musk. For Tesla CEO and tech maverick Elon Musk, "Al is a rare case when we need to be proactive instead of reactive with regulations".23 He thinks -the advent of digital superintelligence is by far a more dangerous threat to humanity than nuclear weapons and that the field of Al research must have government regulation. - -23 Elon Musk: Superintelligent Al is an Existential Risk to Humanity, Science Time, December 12, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilHhi6HLgp0&ab_channel=ScienceTime - - - - -TOP 9 ETHICAL ISSUES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - -According to the World Economic Forum (2016), the top nine ethical issues associated with Al include - -1. Unemployment - Increasing fears of job loss due to increased automation and the use of robots -2. Inequality - The potential for Al technologies to create an increasing wealth divide -3. Humanity - Particularly the implication of machines on human behaviour and interaction -4. Artificial Stupidity -The possibility of intelligent technology making mistakes -5. Racist Robots - The generation of biased outcomes with discriminatory effects -6. Security- The importance of cybersecurity and data protection -7. Evil Genies - The possibility of unintended consequences which may be as extreme as rogue Al -8. Singularity- The ability to retain human control over such complex systems; Roboot rights- the 'humane' treatment of Al robots - - -Figure 8. Top 9 Ethical Issues in Artificial Intelligence - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -In the long term, Al systems could challenge human's special sense of experience and agency, raising additional concerns about human self� understanding, social, cultural and environmental interaction, autonomy, agency, worth and dignity. - - -"So far Al is exacerbating structural inequalities and creating new inequities and millions are falling the below the digital literacy poverty line." - - - Wendell Wallach, Co-Convener, International Congress for the Governance of Al (ICGAI) - - -Implementation of Al's automated decision making technologies are impacting decision-making on employment and labour, social interaction, health care, education, media, freedom of expression, access to information, privacy, democracy, discrimination, and weaponization. Furthermore, the potential of Al algorithms to reproduce -biases that perpetuate already existing forms of -discrimination, identity prejudice and stereotyping including gender, ethnicity, and age are a "threat -to cultural, social and ecological diversity".24 These -concerns surround the biases that the developers of these systems can embed that can potentially exacerbate or perpetuate inequality, exclusion, and a threat to cultural, social and ecological diversity and social or economic divides.25 - -What has become clear over the last decade is that -Al systems raises fundamental ethical concerns. Al systems require explanations, justifcation and contextual information about how algorithms are designed. Algorithms must always be transparent, accountable, explainable, accurate, auditable and responsible. Efforts must be made to ensure that Al is designed ethically by using interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. A new kind of respect for data will need to be developed to help detect, monitor and mitigate against Al bias and risks. - -Interestingly, software development, unlike other professions that require high ethical discipline, -is for the most part, a profession that has no -consolidated professional code of conduct or licensing requirements to operate. This is a real dilemma when you consider the impacts that - - -24UNESCO. 2020. First Draft of the Recommendation of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, 40 C/37. Paris: UNESCO. -25181D. - -these systems have. These powerful tools are now available and in the hands of professionals and novices alike. This is perhaps a broader discussion on how to regulate and license professionals and companies operating in the industry. - - -"One thing the technologies can't do is answer the moral issues they raise. Who is going to be held accountable when they go wrong? What responsibility do we as creators or users have?" - - Wendell Wallach, Co-Convener, International Congress for the Governance of Al (ICGAI) - -UN Special Representative John Ruggie proposed a framework on business and human rights to the UN Human Rights Council in June 2008, resting on three pillars to guide businesses: - -1. State duty to protect against human rights abuses by third parties, including business - -2. Corporate responsibility to respect human rights - -3. Greater access by victims to effective remedy, both judicial and non-judicial - -2011, the United Nations endorsed the Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights ?, which defines the responsibilities that businesses and -states have to protect the rights and liberties afforded to all individuals. Protection of human rights should be the first foundational principle that technology is built upon; however, it is not -sufficient on its own. The paper however noted that additional guidelines and principles are needed to protect society from harms still worth addressing that are not necessarily a violation of human rights and offers the United Nations "Protect, Respect and Remedy" Framework as a roadmap. The Caribbean should ensure that there is representation on these standards bodies to provide diversity and influence on the technical standards by which these products will be created. It is an important pathway and -point of influence for the Caribbean to be involved with the development of the standards that govern these systems. - - - - - - -26 United Nations Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights https://www.ohchr.org/docu� -ments/publications/GuidingprinciplesBusinesshr_eN.pdf - - - - -17 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - -"We need Caribbean research expertise on the big questions facing Al use." - - Dhanaraj Thakur, Research Director Center for Democracy & Technology - - - -According to the World Bank, "Data collection and processing requires an adequate framework, extensive digital infrastructure, stringent regulations for privacy protection, and tools to mitigate risks of harm to data subjects."27 The data that is used by machine learning can analyse patterns found in your online behaviour and disclose your political beliefs, religious affiliation, race, ethnicity, health conditions, gender and sexual orientation, even if -you have never revealed this information to anyone -on line hence privacy concerns with Al remain a critical challenge. - -According to Criminologist Renee Cummings, "we have experienced the hidden effects of algorithms, algorithmic discrimination, algorithmic profiling, algorithms marginalizing and victimizing, algorithms replicating and reinforcing racial disparities, economic disparities, creating a digital form of system racism and discrimination. We have seen the dangers of arraignment by Al, algorithms changing the way justice is administered, outsourcing of criminal justice decision making -to algorithms and risk scores which have been disproportionally unfair and racially biases against black and brown defendants. Machine bias, algorithms codifying unconscious bias and systemic racism and criminal justice. Proxies for race such -as criminal history, financial history, education, -employment, neighborhood or zip code slip into data classification. Al is presenting new challenges and new risks for vulnerable populations".28 - -"In developing Al policy, it is important to remember that it is not only about privacy and data protection, but in terms of innovation and development, we need -to think of more comprehensive models of how to -address data models for reuse, local entrepreneurs, open data policy" according to Carolina Aguerre, Director at the Center for Technology and Society at the University of San Andres.29 - - -27 Peersman, G.(2014).Overview: Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Impact Evaluation, Meth� -odological Briefs: Impact Evaluation 10, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence. -28Cummings, R. (2021, Feb 18). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress -For Sustainable Development [Online forum]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSY4rAgplFc -29Carolina Aguerre, Director, Center for Technology and Society, University of San Andres Aguerre, C. (2021, Feb 18). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For Sustainable Development [Online forum]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSY4rAgpl Fe - - - - -18 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -By 2025, it is estimated that annual savings from replacement of employees by Al will reach U$9 trillion with an additional cost reduction of U$8 trillion from efficiencies gained in manufacturing healthcare and further U$2 trillion in efficiency gains from deployment of self-driving cars and drones. (Bank of America ] Merrill Lynch) .3 The emergence of these systems will drive efficiency and see automated systems managing a growing number of tasks including reasoning, planning, learning, and problem solving in ways far beyond the capacity of humans to undertake. - -When it comes to Al and creativity, what is not clear is the degree to which human-level ability to experience art is required to create art. Can Al create art on par with human composers or painters despite lacking the ability to experience art, and reality, like humans do? Growing empirical evidence, especially in painting and music, suggest that artistic creativity may not require -the capacity for subjective experience but instead be learnable by Al from human-created art and feedback. We believe that as Al becomes better at patterns and associations learning, and as it receives more feedback from people, it will create art capable of eliciting -increasingly rich multi-sensory and emotional human experiences with increasingly complex associations: namely, increasingly better art, possibly moving beyond art created by humans.3 - -"Intelligence used to be the province of only humans but it no longer is. We don't programme the machines, they learn by themselves."Affective computing - Al -that interprets and simulates human emotions. Machines will interact with humans just as we interact with one another - through perception and through conversation so we want to build emotion Al that enables machines to have empathy"32 - -How Far is Too Far? I The Age ofA.I., The Age ofA.I. - - - - -Broadening access and inclusion for Al not only mitigates the risks of inequality and disenfranchisement, but it also ensures that Al reaches its fullest potential. The fourth industrial revolution can bring prosperity, health, and stability to the globe. But it can also accelerate our worst natures, driving marginalisation, inequality - -30BankofAmerica I Merrill Lynch -31 Supercreativity, Al may soon surpass human artistic creativity, Serafm Batzoglou and Theodoros -Evgeniou, August 21, 2019, https://towardsdatascience.com/supercreativity-b4114ebd0357 -32 How Far is Too Far? I The Age of A.I., The Age of A.I. 51 � El, December 18, 2019, https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=UwsrzCVZAb8&ab_channel=YouTubeOriginals - -and destructive growth. By granting access to the revolutionary potential of Al to all of us, we can harness the best of humanity for all of humanity.33 - -A critical factor underpinning the institutional environment for disruptive technologies is trust. Consumers and stakeholders must trust that privacy of children and other stakeholders will -be respected, that data are used responsibly, that technologies are adopted in a way that is environmentally and socially sustainable, and that in particular, these technologies are adopted in a way that support inclusion and equity. - -Al integration will also lead to increased Cyber Attacks which are particularly problematic and dynamically changing areas of protection and Cybersecurity. The right mechanisms to protect data and systems against cyberattack are not -in place in the Caribbean and there are limited penalties legislated for Cybercrimes vis a vis physical crimes. Aggressive and agile cyber criminals have the advantage over ill-equipped agencies using obsolete laws and regulations. - -"There should be a certain degree of concern, even now, given the interplay between technology and society -and our common commodity- DATA." - -Eldon Marks CEO, V75 - -If it were measured as a country, then cybercrime -- which is predicted to inflict damages totaling $6 trillion USO globally in 2021 -- would be the world's -third-largest economy after the U.S. and China. Cybersecurity Ventures expects global cybercrime costs to grow by 15% per year over the next five -years, reaching $10.5 trillion USO annually by 2025, -up from $3 trillion USO in 2015. This represents the greatest transfer of economic wealth in history, risks the incentives for innovation and investment, is exponentially larger than the damage inflicted from natural disasters in a year, and will be more proftable than the global trade of all major illegal drugs combined. The damage cost estimation is based on historical cybercrime f,gures including recent year� -over-year growth, a dramatic increase in hostile nation� state sponsored and organized crime gang hacking activities, and a cyberattack surface which will be an order of magnitude greater in 2025 than it is today. - - - -33 Posner, T., 10.29.2018, Artificial Intelligence for All: A Call for Equity in the Fourth Indus� trial Revolution, Our World, Retrieved from https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/artiflcial-intelli� gence-for-all-a-call-for-equity-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution - - - - -19 - - - - - - -Total Impact - - -North -Am erica - - - -Total Impact -9.9% of GDP - -Northern -Europe - - -China -14.5% of GDP -($3.7 Trillion) - -($1.8 Trillion) Southern -Europe - -Total Impact -11.5% of GDP -($0.7 Trillion) - - -Total Impact -26.1% of GDP -($0.7 Trillion) -Develop -Asia - - - -Total Impact -5.4% 0of GDP -($0.5 Trillion) - - -Total Impact -10.4% of GDP -($0.9 Trillion) - - - - - -Africa, Oceania & -Other Asian Markets -Total Impact -5.6% of GDP -($1.2 Trillion) - - - - -All regions of the global economy will experience benefits from artificial Intelligence. - - - - the biggest economic gains with Al enhancln -Gorby 5, -;14.5% 8 -UewJ - - - peand ped Asaia experience nteconomlc from Al -nclng -9.9% -;11.5% -j10.4% - - - -experience more -modestlncreases due to the much lower - -All GDP figures are reported In market exchange rate terms -All GDP faures are reported in real 2016 prices, GDP baseline based on Market Exchanqe Rate Basis - -Figure 9. Predicted regional gains from Al - - -Cybercrime costs include damage and destruction of data, stolen money, lost productivity, theft of intellectual property, theft of personal and financial data, embezzlement, fraud, post-attack disruption to the normal course of business, forensic investigation, restoration and deletion of hacked data and systems, and reputational harm.34 - -The potential for the digital transformation is threatened by the migration of terrorism and organized crime to the unregulated cyberspace including social media. These threats include: - - Use of social media for undermining democracy and inciting violence - - Use of the Internet and social media by rouge governments and fringe organizations for censorship, abuse of rights and - - -34 Morgan, S. Nov 20, 2020, Cybercrime To Cost The World $10.5 Trillion Annually By 2025: Special Report: Cyberwarfare In The C-Suite, Cyber Crime Magazine https://cybersecurityventures.com/ hackerpocalypse-cybercrime-report-2016/ - -oppressive purposes as well as membership recruitment - - New ways to commit financial crimes i.e. tax evaluation, money laundering, fraud and theft (scamming, phishing, bank hacks, stolen credit cards and identify theft). - -Distribution of narcotics, weapons and stolen artifacts - -Other threats include the militarization of Al weapons technology with lethal capability and liability issues with automation of decision making in law enforcement. - -Al OPPORTUNITIES - -The current utilization of Al across Caribbean industry is poised to expand and if done properly, the industry sector should see more efficiencies -and new industry opportunities unfold by 2030 due - - - - -20 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -to data efficiency and management. Automation and Al-assisted decision-making will enable businesses in the region to be more efficient and do more with less. - -Artificial intelligence (Al) will have an economic impact comparable to the steam engine and could boost global gross domestic product by 1.2% per year by 2030, delivering an additional US$13 trillion in economic value. Al is rapidly becoming more adept at performing complex tasks thanks to dramatic increases in data processing speed, storage capability and transfer -rates. IBM CEO Ginny Rometty has recently said that Al will impact "100% of jobs, professions and industries." But beyond these impending economic shifts, the real promise of Al lies in its potential to tackle global challenges like hunger, poverty, and climate change.35 - -According to global advisory frm PwC, the global GDP will be up to 14% higher in 2030 because of the accelerating development and take-up of Al - the equivalent of an additional $15.7 trillion. The economic impact of Al will be driven by: - -1. Productivity gains from businesses automating processes (including use of robots and autonomous vehicles). - -2. Productivity gains from businesses augmenting their existing labour force with Al technologies (assisted and augmented intelligence). - - - - -35 Posner, T., 10.29.2018, Artificial Intelligence for All: A Call for Equity in the Fourth Indus� trial Revolution, Our World, Retrieved from https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/artiflcial-intelli� gence-for-all-a-call-for-equity-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution -36 Sizing the Prize: What's the real value of Al for business and how can you capitalize? PWC, https:// -www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf - -3. Increased consumer demand resulting -from the availability of personalized and/or higher-quality Al-enhanced products and services. - -The region can reallocate savings earned from these increased efficiencies, to invest in infrastructure development, poverty eradication, improving healthcare and education systems, protecting the environment, emergency management capacity and other areas critical to the sustainable development of the region. - -In considering the future of Caribbean workers who will be affected by Al, Professor Anthony Clayton, Director of the Institute of Sustainable Development, UWI, Mona and Chairman of Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica, posed -critical questions at the UNESCO I Broadcasting -Commission regional stakeholder forum including: - -What will happen to the unskilled and to those whose skills are no longer necessary? If no solution, this -could lead to poverty and civil unrest. We need to -have a fundamental rethink of the nature of work and education and what is going to be the relationship between qualifications and the means by which we earn a living in the future. - -In 2020, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) issued its seminal piece Ethically Aligned Design: Prioritizing Human Wellbeing with Autonomous and Intelligent Systems. The guidelines stated that 'to be human-centered, businesses -must first establish a culture of trust, transparency, and accountability internally' in order to effectively - - -37 Anthony Clayton(2021, Feb 18). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Prog� -ress For Sustainable Development [Online forum]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSY4rAgpl Fe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 -UNESCO Caribbean A! Polly Roama - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -code these values into products. - -The IEEE technical community has created guidelines for developing these systems and the IEEE P7000� series of standards38 are -recommended to be considered for adoption by the -Caribbean: - -� P7001TM Transparency of Autonomous -Systems - -� P7002" Data Privacy Process - -� P7003" Algorithmic Bias Considerations - -� P7004" Standard on Child and Student -Data Governance - -� P7005" Standard on Employer Data GovernanceP7006" Standard on Personal Data Al Agent Working Group - -� P7007" Ontological Standard for Ethically driven Robotics and Automation Systems - -� P7008" Standard for Ethically Driven Nudging for Robotic, Intelligent and Autonomous Systems - -� P7009" Standard for Fail-Safe Design of Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous Systems - -� P7010" Recommended Practice for Assessing the Impact of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems on human well-being - -38 IEEE Ethics in Action: Ethically Aligned Design https://ethicsinaction.ieee.org/#series -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES (SIDS) - -The Caribbean's dynamic culture and environmental diversity have made it one of the number one destinations on the planet for centuries. - -"Because of its diversity, the Caribbean has the capacity to build bridges not only among classes -and races of people from countries across the region but also between continents of the world which are represented in the Caribbean through centuries of voluntary and involuntary migration which is now continued via tourism, commercial transaction, and professional contacts."39 - Professor Rex Nettleford, Expressions of the Mind: Philosophy and the -Making of the Caribbean Nation Symposium, 2008 - -The Caribbean region is referred to as a melting pot because of the high cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity among each of its 28 nations. Forty- -four million persons call the Caribbean cluster of -islands home, representing about 0.56% of the - -total world population and each with a unique economic, cultural and historical flavour. The Caribbean region are considered Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and each country has a unique economic, cultural and historical flavour. -The islands are characterised as developing nations because they facing specific social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. - -SIDS were recognized as a special case both for their environment and development at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the -Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (3-14 -June 1992). The SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (S.A.M.O.A) Pathway an outcome of the 'Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States (SIDS Conference)' acknowledged that the identification of SIDS priorities was needed in the formulation of the 2030 Agenda (UN Sustainable Development Goals).� - - -39 la Rose, M., 2008 September 5, Caribbean culture too diverse to be labelled - Prof Nettleford, Guyana News, retrieved from https://www.stabroeknews.com/2008/09/0S/news/guyana/caribbe� an-culture-too-diverse-to-be-labelled-%E2%80%93-prof-nettleford/ - -40The SAMOA Pathway,http://www.2030caribbean.org/content/unct/caribbean/en/home/sustain� -able-development-goals/samoa-pathway.html#:-:text=The%20SAMOA%20Pathway&text=The%20 -SIDS%20Accelerated%20Modalities%20of,September%202014%20in%20Apia%2C%20Samoa - - -CARIBBEAN TRADITION - - -The Bahamas Caribbean -28 SIDS -Turks & Calcos -/ US VMrgin Islands -Dominican /Brttlsh Virgin Islands -Republic //Anguilla -st. KIts & Nevis -Haiti % Antlgua & Barbuda - -� Advocacy -Uniquely positioned to advocate based on the -Caribbean DNA and resistance history -� Challenge Injustice -Marcus Garvey-Pan Africanism I Reggae Music� Apartheid -� Context -Cultural I Sociological I Anthropological I Historical -Pu el rtIO - -St Maarten '-- Montserrat -/ - -� Creativity -Rico Guadeloupe Dominica -Martinique st. Lucla - - -Globally competitive creators of non-perishable -Aruba St. Vincent -, Grenada -curu~a9 - -Barbados - -Trinidad -& Tobago - -consumables -� Identity -Who we are I Global village reflection I Diverse I -Multi-ethnic - -� Revolution -Enslaved African people - Maroons (Jamaica) I -Toussaint (Haiti) I Bussa (Barbados) -� Resistance -Bob Marley (global symbol of freedom) -� Movements -Rastafari (revolutionary I way of life I global) - - -Figure 11. Caribbean SIDS Figure 10. Caribbean Tradition -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -CARIBBEAN CHALLENGES volumes - -The poverty and inequality in the region may, to an extent, be associated with structural heterogeneity and low-productivity sectors, which account for more than half of all jobs in some Caribbean countries. Income is an important -driver for addressing inequality, and across the -Caribbean there are significant disparities in this area (ECLAC, 2018). Concerns loom that Al may widen gaps between countries, reinforcing or even exacerbating current socio-economic divides. - - - -"Our region, as resilient as we are, continues to face -existential threats such as, the effects of climate -change and vulnerability to natural disasters, the rise in crime and violence associated with organized criminal enterprises in narco-traffcking, small arms trafficking, contraband trafficking, human trafficking and money� laundering, energy and commodity price instability -and high indebtedness. This is further exacerbated by our generally small size and economic openness. While we focus individually on our respective national challenges, it is imperative that we engage and develop regional and international strategies in our efforts to achieve economies of scale and collectively address -those issues that affect us in common". - - - Prime Minister Andrew Holness, Jamaica The Opening Ceremony of the Thirty-Seventh Regular Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Georgetown, Guyana, 4- 6 July 2016 - - -Caribbean SIDS have been disadvantaged in their development process. The common challenges faced by these countries are: - - -� Narrow resource base depriving them of the benefits of economies of scale - -� Small domestic markets and heavy dependence on a few external and remote markets - -� High costs for energy, infrastructure, transportation, communication and servicing - -� Long distances from export markets and import resources - -� Low and irregular international traffic - -� Little resilience to natural disasters - -� Growing populations - -� High volatility of economic growth - -� Limited opportunities for the private sector and a proportionately large reliance of their economies on their public sector - -� Fragile natural environments. - -Despite the challenges and marginalization that slavery, stagnant growth, climatic threats and exiting colonialism without a development pact, the Caribbean has produced excellence across fields. Its people have continued to emerge as some of the most warm, resilient, innovative and -globally competitive human resources and cultural -creators of non-perishable consumables. The national, global, economic and social importance of Caribbean creativity- 'thought data', 'physical data' and 'cultural data' developed in the region by globally influential artistes, thinkers, leaders, Nobel laureates, and exceptional sportsmen and sportswoman, is an invaluable asset and must be protected at all costs. - -The island nations continue to have mounting resource constraints and sustained developmental challenges. They include environmental vulnerability due to climate change, natural disasters and pollution; social challenges due to lack of resources focused on key developmental challenges such as poverty, crime and education; and economic constraints due to persistent negative trade, high public debt and fiscal imbalances. Compounding challenges threaten -to widen the digital divides in the Caribbean and among individual nations. - -ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE - -The Caribbean is the second most environmental hazard-prone region in the world. Between 2000 and -2019 over 152 million people have been affected by over 1,205 natural disasters. These natural disasters include over 500 floods, 330 storms, 75 earthquakes, -74 droughts, 66 landslides, 50 extreme temperature periods, 38 volcanic events and 24 wildfres. While natural disasters are a main environmental challenge, concerns about climate change, loss of biodiversity, - - - - -24 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -anthropogenic stressors on freshwater ocean systems including land-based sources of pollution. The Caribbean is more dependent on tourism than any other region in the world and is an essential pillar of all Caribbean economies accounting for 15% of GDP and -13% ofjobs.41 - -This dependency and leverage by the tourism industry has also put pressure on the regions natural ecosystems. "The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted our global village in quite signi(lcant ways. One of the impacts will be on the youngest generation's attitude to travel and exploration of -different places. We have had over a million persons -pass away due to COVID 19 over the past year and a half, and this will impact the persons' desire to travel as they did pre-Covid 19. In addition, changed -economic circumstances, family units and the mental health development of children are also factors that will become more and more relevant as time goes by. Therefore, SIDS should shift their tourism oriented focus to rely more on e-Tourism ventures, I am suggesting that the region should focus its energies (and money) on developing a niche in the area of well� being management that enables augmented reality -to be a signi(lcant part of the package. In other words, place Well-being management under the umbrella -of E-Tourism and develop it as such. So the virtual Carnival concerts, virtual Panoramas, virtual fetes and accompanying exercise programmes geared towards the existing tourists niche, can also be used as part of a Well-Being Management Programme." -Keri A. Kitson -Civil Attorney at Law, Author and Former Credit Union Director - - - -New data on the bene(lts that coral reefs provide to the travel industry and the region's economy reveal that the value of reef-associated tourism is estimated at more than US$7.9 billion annually from over 11 million visitors. This accounts for 23% of all tourism spending and is equivalent to more than 10% of the region's GDP (gross domestic product). Studies have shown that there is evidence of over 60% -decline of living corals in the Caribbean in just -the last three decades alone since the region first raised the global alarm about climate change, and now SIDs must bear the weight of the world's destructive behaviour. - - - -41 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: Natural Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean (2000 - 2019) https://reliefweb.int/report/world/natural-disasters-latin-america-and-ca� ribbean-2000-2019 -42 Eco Earnings: A Shore Thing - The Ocean Foundation - - -lhtl! [jg[ --=iiritii lily,[,[l,/lilk,/ -� � � @ @ � lllllltllj] J], - - - - -25 -UNESCO Caribbean AI Policy Roadmap - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -The Nature Conservancy is currently deploying innovative solutions to protect and restore coral reefs throughout the region. "Millions of people in the Caribbean depend on coral reefs as a source -of livelihood and the region is known as paradise -to many travellers from around the globe. It is ours our responsibility to protect the natural wonders, like coral reefs, that sustain both the Caribbean economy and tourism alike. We must however move faster to outpace the current rate of degradation and increasing threats to coral reefs" noted Dr. Luis Solorzano, Executive Director of The Nature Conservancy in the Caribbean during the -recent regional stakeholders consultation. � - -These catastrophic environmental threats like the coral reef deterioration is causing lingering damages such as eroding coastlines from rising seas, vanishing ground water, increasing frequency of extreme weather events, temperature - -fluctuations and drought. These events are compounded by man-made damage caused by pollution, coastal development and overfishing and is threatening the precious ecosystem. The continued depletion of the Caribbean's natural -resources could lead to severe economic and social fallout for the region by threatening important -bio-diversity and geo-heritage sites. Moreover, the people of the Caribbean will require international assistance and cooperation to deal with climate change and challenges to food security. - -It has been noted that "Caribbean countries import more than US $4 billion in food; this represents more than 60% of the total food that they consume (FAO, 2015). This is expected to increase to US -$8-10 Billion by 2020 as Caribbean populations increase and climate change reduces the region's food production. - - -43 Regional-economies-face-peril-with -declining-coral-reefs-report, Jamaica Observer, https:// www .jamaicaobserver.com/news/Regional-economies-face-peril-with-declining-coral-reefs-re� port_18827999 - - -44 Artifcial Intelligence and the Caribbean, Lodewijk Smets - Zubin Deya I, Caribbean Dev Trends.com, -November 20, 2018, https://blogs.iadb.org/caribbean-dev-trends/en/9397/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -WOMEN, YOUTH AND COVID-19 - - -"The voice ofAl is Female"... Did you notice?" - - - Hon Olivia Grange, CP, MP, Minister of Culture, Gender, Entertainment and Sports; Chair, Jamaica National Commission For UNESCO - - -Caribbean women have played an essential part in the region's history, development and culture. They have been strong, resilient and responsible partners in nation building, in all walks of society from the arts to science, law and politics. Today Caribbean women outpace men in the years of secondary school education and tertiary institution enrolment but due to ongoing gender inequities, make only 60-70% percent of every dollar made -by their male counterparts with comparable skills in the same position.45 The protections against - - -45 Banda, R. Evidence-based gender equality policy and pay in Latin America and the Caribbean: Prog� -ress and Challenges. Lat Am Econ Rev 28, 10 (2019). https://doi.0rg/10.1186/s40503-019-0075-3 - -gender inequity and pay discrimination vary widely across the region. Guyana is the only Caribbean nation that has established a legal framework for equal pay and job access for women while across the Caribbean, women have other professional challenges including family leave. - -Globally, the COVID 19 pandemic has had an exponentially negative impact on at high-risk groups including people of colour, women, youth and the elderly. The pre-existing systematic inequities common within these groups including poor living standard, inadequate healthcare, -low wages and poor housing have been further exacerbated by the repeated lockdowns and job losses suffered since March 2020. Women are more vulnerable, not only COVID-19-related economic effects, but also to threats based on increased automation as many work in jobs slated to be made redundant. - -A study by Harvard Business Review found that depending on the pace of automation around the world, between 40-160 million women (as many as - - - - - -27 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -one in four women employed today),46 may need to transition into new occupations and often into higher-skilled roles, in order to remain employed and seize new job opportunities. - -It is estimated that 90% of the 400 million jobs that will be replaced by Al are in /ow-income countries and that by 2050, there will be about 6 billion people in the world's workforce with about 5 billion of them, -doingjobs that don't exist today (The Millennium 2020 -Project).47 - -Children in particular need to be protected from any harmful and discriminatory impacts of Al systems and be provided leeway to interact with them in a safe way. Al systems should also be leveraged to actively protect children from harm and exploitation to support the rights foreseen under the CRC (Child Rights Convention) until -they reach the age of 18 even if they reach the age of digital consent, which begins at 13 years old in many countries. Al systems must be developed -and deployed in a way that simultaneously upholds children's collective rights to protection, provision and participation. - -The following highlights UNICEF policy guidance for Al and Children, drafted in September 2020: - -1. Children need to be protected from any harmful and discriminatory impacts of Al systems and interact with them in a safe way. - -2. Al systems should also be leveraged to actively protect children from harm and exploitation. - - - -46As Jobs Are Automated, Will Men and Women Be Affected Equally? {hbr.org) -47The Mi11enium Project, http://www.millennium-project.org/2020/01/ - -3. Children are entitled to the rights foreseen under the CRC (Convention on the Rights of the Child) until they reach the age of 18. - -4. Reaching the age of digital consent, which begins at 13 years old in many countries, does not mean they should then be treated as adults. - -5. Al systems must be developed and deployed in a way that simultaneously upholds children's collective rights to protection, provision and participation. - -6. The opportunities that Al systems bring to children of all ages and backgrounds - such as to support their education, health care and right to play - need to be fully leveraged -when, and this is critical, it is appropriate to use Al systems. - -Al inclusion by design approach ensures that all children can use Al products or services, regardless of their age, gender identities, geographic and cultural diversity. This can ensure relevance for and use by children that may otherwise be excluded through bias, discrimination or profiling. Include a broad range of stakeholders in design teams, such -as parents, teachers, child psychologists, child -rights experts, and, where appropriate, children themselves. If all these challenges are taken -in context, Al could be a useful tool in provide -solutions to these challenges. Al could be focused on helping to improve learning equity and reduce losses. - -COVID-19's adverse impact on at-risk segments of women, youth and disabled, has been evident -and therefore it is imperative that these vulnerable - - - - - -111 I -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -groups be targeted for re-education and new skills training to enable them to find employment and opportunity in the post COVID digital economy. - -According to a recent UNESCO report on -Caribbean school closures, 7 million learners -and over 90 000 teachers across 23 countries and -territories are grappling with the new reality of distance-learning.� With the declaration of the -pandemic in March 2020, the effects on Caribbean youth has been profound. UNESCO's Education Response to Covid 19 in the Caribbean Report recognized that almost all education institutions are now providing their services on line due to the pandemic with loss measured in terms of learning, -colleagues and equity:49 - -1. Learning Loss - It is estimated that if they could reopen now the learning loss because of COVID-19is at 15/30% of what the students would have retained. This is a Massive loss. - -2. Loss of Colleagues - We may see a big dropout rate as female students may not return when school reopens. - -3. Loss of Equity - Only about 1 in 2 homes have appropriate equipment and the right bandwidth to take classes on line. Most households lack access to quality internet access and bandwidth. - -48 Education Response to COVID-19 in the Caribbean -49181D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -l' -I - - -'f -l. � -1, -The future of work after COVID-19 - - -Trends accelerate -by C0ID-19 - - -Remote work -20-25% of workers in - -Work arenas with high physical proximity were most disrupted short term during COVID-19, and some will see enduring effects. - -.. ~�������������toM. -� Do 'U, c -[r] a - -advanced economies -could work remotely -3+ days a week on a - -cs�woo rrsor -'[]-- and training of goods - - -Leisure and - -s"�. -long-terr basis - -Digitization -2-5x growth -e-commerce, as a surge in digital platforms is underway - -On-site cu.stomer interaction -i -�n-i ffice wrk -Cor.iputer� -based -a - - -travel - -�0l -� . -. . . . . � -.:og0 - - - - -Outdoor production and maintenance - -Automation - -p. ,High physical �. - - -care - -Uptick in use of robotics, robotic; process automation, and Al - -it.promo+y� -us" - -ca'e -~Inoor production . -]awaretouso � d -au + -l - - - -Home -support - - - -Occupation transitions may increase by as much as 25 percent by 2030 - -Increase in occupation transitions between pre- and post-CO/ID-19 scenarios by 2030, % - - - -Total workers needing to make occupation transitions in -post-COVID-19 scenario, rillians - - - - -United -States - - - -0 - -Japan Spain India -0 � � -Labor demand will shift across occupations -Percent change in labor demand in United States, 2018-30, 3% - - Office support - - -Customer service and sales - -Production - - - -Foad - -Mechanical instalatian and repair - - - - - - -Busiress -and legal - - - - - - - - -Transportlalion -services - - - - - - -STEM -worers - - - - - - -Health aides, technicians. - Health and wellness professionals - -Business leaders and policy makers can buid out digital infrastructure, enable taster reskilling, and innovate new worker benefits and support mechanisms. - - -McKinsev -Global Institute -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY AND JUSTICE - -Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) including the deployment of high� performance computing such as GPU computing is needed. Lack of access to broadband and big data pose big challenges to the region and can potentially impact or even arrest the rate of digital transformation. Research done by the -International Telecommunications Union show that there is a strong correlation between a region's income levels and the number of fixed-telephone and fixed-broadband connections per 100 inhabitants, reflecting the price and availability of fxed connections.50 - -Indeed access to bandwidth and internet is being considered a 21st century human right. - -- Dr. Francese Pedro, Director, UNESCO International Institute for -Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean - - -Al adoption attitudes in the region are in need of improvement according to the INCUS Al in Caribbean Industries Survey which indicates that51 - -� 91% agreed or were neutral that Al is critical to their survival - -� 12% of businesses in the Caribbean are using AI- Adoption is low even among the large digital leaders in the region - -� 91% spend nothing or very little on Al - -Jason Mars, Assistant Professor of Computer Science at University of Michigan & Co-founder of Cline Inc noted during the stakeholders -consultation that "We can build the Caribbean in Al -with Community, Culture, Communication, Mentorship and a little investment capital. We need to collect the data - this is the most expensive process if there is not -a strong technical infrastructure."52 - -Essentially if we are the data that is being created, the question to be asked, according to Executive Director, Caribbean Competition Authority Nievia -Ramsundar is, "how can the consumer remain in -personal ownership of their unique identity and not have it traded by external parties like common stock."53 - -The stability of the Caribbean depends on the development and implementation of strategies relating to crime and security. Crime, violence and corruption have continued to plague the region having a massive impact on development affecting some countries more severely than others. There is a need now more than ever -to address the challenges that impact security -and crime as the integrity of the SIDS are under increasing threats from entities using conventional and unconventional forces capable of destabilizing the Caribbean's institutional and social structures. However, due to limited resources the Caribbean will need to establish a method to collectively prioritize threats based on probability and impact. Regional threats to security and justice include: - -� Threats include trafficking of people, weapons and narcotics - -� Corruption, money laundering and tax evasion - -� Compromising of democracy and political process by sewing division and inciting violence (increasing with social media) - -� Organized crime penetrating democratic institutions - -The high cost of crimes such as homicide and -assault are a clear and present danger to the region. The estimated costs include public expenditure on public safety (police, criminal justice, and prison administration), private expenditure on security -by firms and households, and the social costs of crime (poorer quality of life due to victimization). The majority of public and private funds are used for security primarily in policing and surveillance. Criminality and inefficient processes has the judicial system stressed with excessive processing delays and long backlogs. The reasons for the backlogs are multifaceted and include primarily -the slow pace of investigations by police, delays in production of depositions, and lack of human and technological resources. According to the -Caribbean Court of Justice, the main consequence -of the backlogs is a failure to"provid(e) accessible, fair and efficient justice for the people and states of -the Caribbean Community" -SO International Telecommunications Union Measuring digital development - Facts and Figures (2019) -51 lncus Services State of Al in the Caribbean Survey - http://incusservices.com/ai/ -52Jason Mars, Caribbean Stakeholders Consultation -53Ramsundar, N. (2021, Feb 19). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress -For Sustainable Development [Online forum]. ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylq0KmHG2Q- &t=327s - - -31 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -Incarceration rates are soaring and in most Caribbean countries prison capacity is exceeded by more than 70% with 40% of prisoners on pretrial detention awaiting trial. The justice system's -failure to provide timely, responsive, consistent and transparent services is impacting the regions development. - -The rise of nationalism across the world -is challenging basic assumptions of global interconnectedness and threatens to fragment nations and regions. In so far as the Caribbean is known to be mostly peaceful with stable -democracies, the region cannot ignore the threat that Al is having on human rights, security, media -& democracy. Civil society's basic role to enable trust, safety and support to citizens is under threat from Mis, Dis and Mal Information produced and perpetuated by Al technology. - -The January 2021 attack on the United States Capital Building is a case study on democracy's fragility vs the power of misinformation. If it can happen to one of the world's oldest and most developed democracies, with its established infrastructure and ecosystem, what would happen to any of the Caribbean's relatively younger, -less economically developed democracies? It is doubtful that the Caribbean nations' smaller size, younger institutions and struggling GDPs would have the same chance at resiliency as the US. - -Social media has become the largest news source in the world but has little editorial control, regulation, or legal recourse against lies and slander. Governments have become deeply concerned -about the ways that social media can now be used to undermine the truth, create division, spread hatred, and manipulate democracy, and a number of governments are, therefore, now preparing to take steps to change the law and regulate social media. - -The UK's OfCom report identified the most pressing priorities in the development of on line standards. These were: - -� The protection of children across all sources and types of content with special attention on ensuring that child pornography and the arrangements for trafficking children are driven off the Internet. - -� Protection from illegal or harmful content - -in viewing or on line interactions, including exposure to hate speech, the promotion of terrorism, encouragement of suicide, self� harm or violence, bullying, harassment or trolling, disinformation, and fake news. - -� Mandatory provision of information to users to allow them to make a more informed assessment of material they view on line with regard to whether it is factual or fictitious. This could include greater transparency requirements for the algorithms used to -rank search results. - -� Collaborative approach to regional governance of the Internet and on line applications include: - -� A collaborative regional approach to regulating technology companies. - -� Consider taxation of technology based companies and use the part of the proceeds to fund digital literacy and build regulatory capacity. - -� Develop algorithms to monitor content on line and assess the efficacy of the tools used by on line operators to protect against various harms such as fact-checking and detecting disinformation and political manipulation. - -� Provide protection from illegal or harmful content in viewing or on line interactions, including exposure to hate speech, the promotion of terrorism, encouragement -of suicide, self-harm or violence, bullying, -harassment or trolling, disinformation, and fake news - -� Upholding freedom of expression. In practice, this means that regulators will pay more attention to the technical processes that platforms employ to identify, assess, and address harmful content, as well how they handle appeals, to ensure that legitimate comment gets through while malicious attacks can be prevented or retracted. - -� That the regulatory approach must be flexible and adapt to changing consumer behaviour and expectations and to allow for technological innovation in developing better ways to protect users. - - - - - - - -32 -CARIBBEAN OPPORTUNITIES - -Al can support the challenges of Caribbean SIDS sensitive to its cultural, social and anthropological histories. A region-wide strategy can be created and expanded to: - -� Align Al strategy with regional developmental plans for education, food security, climate change, digital transformation - -� Expand regional digital skills and Al capability integrating more women, youth and disabled - -� Build strong digital infrastructure (SG, -High performance computing, GPUs, Cyber Security) to support Al deployment, content development and guaranteed access to the Internet - -� Establish Al-appropriate governance for security, risk mitigation regional strategy implementation - -� Invest in education and R&D in science, technology and engineering led by public sector digital transformation and provision of incentives for business transformation - -Unite to rebuild the region stronger post COVID-19 using digital and smart island transformation as a lever - -Al governance is needed in the region to enable regulation, legislation and to enhance safety, security and accountability. Caribbean SIDs should establish regional common values and principles to promote the development of human-centered Al. The region should review existing policy and legislation on -ICTs to align with responsible Al governance. Long term policy considerations should include soft laws and legislative frameworks to address potential harm, responsibility and liability related to Al. The region should create a standards authority with -responsibility for transparency, safety and wellbeing. The Caribbean SIDS should increase participation -in international Al forums and discussions as well as -continue the region's tradition of advocacy against harm and biases which may marginalize, discriminate or codify prejudice and stereotyping of people in the digital age. -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Openness - - - - -Mu ltistakeholder participation - -Cross-Cutting -Issues - - - -Figure 12. UNESCO ROAM Principles for Internet Universality - -Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are key building blocks of the digital economy, to facilitate trade and drive -e-commerce.54 The UNESCO Internet Universality -Principles of Rights, Openness, Access to All and Multi-Stakeholder Participation should be applied to cross the cutting issues of Internet access -in the Caribbean. Priority should be placed on -collaboratively prioritizing and mobilizing the requisite investment in digital infrastructure to ensure all citizens have access to the internet, regional computing resources and data centres. - - -"Indeed access to bandwidth and internet is being considered a 21st century human right." - - - Dr. Francesc Pedro, Director, UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean - - - -Public sector digital transformation projects should be encouraged to increase public sector efficiency, new jobs, new skills development. Caribbean nations can improve their security and criminal -justice systems with Al systems. Professor Richard Susskind, global leader in technology and the judiciary research, says the legal system will change more in the next 10 years than it has in the last -200. In neighbouring territories like Brasil, "the -discussions now is about the criminal justice system and is NOT IF Al WILL REPLACE, BUT HOW AND WHERE it can replace in a safe way" according to Brasilian Federal Judge lsabela Ferrari.55 - - -54Aid For Trade At A Glance 2017: Promoting Trade, Inclusiveness And Connectivity For Sustainable -Development Oecd, Wto 2017 -SSJudge lsabela Ferrari, Federal Judge, Brazil (2021, Feb 18). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For Sustainable Development [Online forum]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=FSY4rAgplFc - -Al can assist in increasing the efficiency of Caribbean justice in a number of ways such as case research, scheduling, drafting decisions and precedents, resulting in a more effective, efficient and just criminal justice system for citizens. Caribbean SIDs should transform into -smart islands. Smart islands use big data and other information technology resources to manage everything from public transport to garbage collection to the use of water and other resources. This strategy includes using the Internet of Things (IOT), sensors, software and SG technologies connect devices and systems to the Internet. In -2022, Internet data traffic is projected to be three times that of 2017, and the share of licensed loT devices is predicted to rise from 13% in 2018 to -28% in 2025.56 - -Al systems can be deployed for climate change mitigation and environmental preservation including early warning systems, remote monitoring, disaster management, structural improvements and public education. Al could reduce imports of foreign food by helping local farmers create better conditions for crop growth, especially in response to different weather patterns using predictive analysis, early warning systems and the like. There is an opportunity for the Caribbean to contribute to the development of Al tools that are focused on fighting bias, discrimination and promote transparency and fairness. - -The region has a very vibrant cultural and creative industry that can be paired with technology -and engineering to produce tools and solutions that aid in transparency and understandability - - -56 Gartner, Inc Report - CIO Agenda 2019: Digital Maturity Reaches a Tipping Point - - - - -34 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -of the workings of algorithms and the data with which they have been trained with. These tools could focus on predicting or scoring the potential impact on human dignity, human rights, gender equality, privacy, freedom of expression, access -to information, social, economic, political and cultural processes, scientific and engineering practices, animal welfare, and the environment and ecosystems. - -"With automation impacting employment, public policies strategies and programs are -most needed to ensure that Artif,cial Intelligence empowers people not replace people." - - - Paula lst~riz Cavero, Programme Specialist, Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean - -Data has renewable exponential value. The Caribbean need and capacity for big data will increase too because Al needs data to learn these trends will supercharge the development of more powerful Al technologies. A lot of data in the Caribbean is available but not yet ready for general consumption of Al systems. Given the value of -the region's cultural and environment heritage, the power of Al technologies can be applied to data capture, storage and management of existing works. This is an area which will require new skills training and offer business opportunities to focus - -on digitalisation services for these unstructured data. Therefore the youth should be targeted -for inclusion and trained in data capture, storage, cleaning and management services. Data collection and cultural heritage preservation can become -an active engine for digital skilled jobs, upward mobility and economic growth while sensitizing youth to value their country and its social, cultural and environmental assets. This would transfer -the responsibility for preservation to the next -generation aided by Al, mobile phones, and the -Internet for which this generation is wired. - -Associate Professor, Penn-State University -and Founder of PlantVillage David Hughes has proposed youth engagement as an effective strategy to data collection and reporting. "They can make observations using smart phones and apps. We can democratize the access to Al and put -problem-solving Al to work for everyone, in service of humanity".57 - -The Caribbean cultural and creative industries could also be engaged to provide training in digitalising, categorizing and data analysis services. The preservation programme would create digital jobs, build archives, preserve cultural heritage and enable monetization of data. - - -57 David Hughes, Associate Professor, Penn-State University and Founder of PlantVillage -Hughes, D. (2021, Feb 19). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For -Sustainable Development [Online forum]. ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylOKmHG2Q&t= 327s - - - - -Advanced Skills -Writing a compute -specialized pro~~"m?inggralamngmueaguesi.ng a - - - -Standard Skills -Using basic arithmetic formula in a spreadsheet, connecting and installing new devices; creating electronic -presentations with presentation software; and fnding, -� -downloading, installing and configuring software - - - -Basic Skills -Working with Office product1v1ty tools in copying or moving a fle or folder, using copy and paste tools to -duplicate or move information within a document, -� sending e-mails with attached fles, and transferring fles -between a computer and other devices - - - - -Figure 13. The Basic, Standard and Advanced 'Computer Skills of the Future' Pyramid -Source: Author and ITU skill frameworks - - - - -35 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - -Human Sourced Data -social media biogs -vlogs -internet forums wikis -internet searches email or SMS content - -Process ediated Data -health records mobile phone data credit card data -public transport usage data -job applicaton records chips identification data e-government data - - -Machine Generated Data -road sensor data -smart meter electricity data scanners data -satellite imagery/ -aerial imigarydata -traffic loops webcas data vessel identification internet of things - - - - -Crowdsourced Data citizen-generated data images collection -voulunteered geographical information (VGI) - - -Media Sourced Data -TV and radio broadcast data pod cast data -digital newspapers - -Figure 14. Current Data Sources for Big Data - -The big industries in the Caribbean are poised for regional development as defined by the CAR/COM Council for Trade and Economic Development (COTED) includes: Healthcare, Financial Services, Education, Security, Environment, Culture, Manufacturing, Agriculture and Tourism. All these industries -stand to gain greatly by the application of Artificial intelligence technologies adding up to 5.4% to the regions GDP.58 In support of the region's digital transformation, Caribbean SIDS should develop -a plan to enable collective action in areas such as joint procurement of ICT equipment; regional VAT holidays; data capture, storage and management; and to deliver full access to the Internet and bandwidth to all citizens. - -New business models and new revenue streams can be created with investment. Technology funding is critical according to Grammy award winning producer Walshy Fire who noted "We need to inspire our people to engage tech, create tech and to fund tech"59 SoftBank's investment vehicle, the U$100 billion Vision Fund, invests in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics. The value of the fund is U$10 billion - - -58 Sizing the Prize: What's the real value of Al for business and how can you capitalize? PWC, https:// -www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf -59Walsh, L. (2021, Feb 19). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For -Sustainable Development [Online forum]. ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylOKmHG2Q&t= 327s - -more than the entire of GDP of every CARI COM member combined according to Leslie Lee Fook, Director, A.I. Analytics and Automation at lncus Services. Digital transformation in the region will rely on investment in infrastructure, education and training required to integrate Al in the region. - -"Robust Al curricula must ensure balance between human-orientated and technology-mediated approaches. Al literacy should also be integrated into lifelong learning programmes, so that all citizens can understand how to interact with Al systems and make informed decisions. It is also key to support youth to achieve higher levels ofAl competence, and engage -youth in the design and implementation of IT systems. -(UNESCO.org)" - -Healthcare is an industry that can greatly benefit from the adoption of Al technologies as evidenced by the success of regional healthcare advances aided by Al include the" first prostate cancer cell line from the Caribbean, only one of three in the world for men ofAfrican descent, which was developed with Al accessing the resources and characterizing the cell line based on other big data." - - -60Henkel Valentine, PhD Candidate & Researcher in Prostate Cancer, The University of the West -Indies, Mona, Jamaica -Valentine, H., UNESCO I Broadcast Commission Panel (2021, Feb 19). -Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For Sustainable Development -[Online forum]. ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylOKmHG2Q&t=327s - - - - -36 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -The Cultural and Creative Industries (CCI) is currently estimated at US$3 trillion and the Al industry is an estimated to reach US$4 trillion in value by 2022,61 making their of pace of growth and value close. Integration of Al technologies to -create an enabling environment for the cultural and creative industries in the Caribbean would enhance the packaging of destination spaces and e-Tourism user experiences. Intellectual Property assets can be developed to provide tools that will increase creativity, productivity, marketing and distribution of creative and cultural products and services. Legislative framework for policy, regulations and ethical guidelines would be required for effective governance. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -61 Chung, A. (2021, Feb 19). Artifcial Intelligence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For -Sustainable Development [Online forum]. ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylOKmHG2Q&t= 327s - -Potential Al applications in the creative and cultural industries can be categorized as follows: - -1. Content Creation - -2. Data Analysis - -3. Content Enhancement - -4. Information Extraction And Enhancement - -5. Data Compression - -Given the Caribbean's athletic talent, legacy and brand reputation, opportunities will exist to expand the revenue generation through adaptation of -Al technologies. Delivery of virtual variations for -coaching, events and master classes would be part of a growing e-learning and virtual event market. There is a lane for Caribbean masters in the eSports race using Al technologies such as avatars to enable the development of digital players, leagues and events that can access thee-sports market which estimated to reach U$1.8 trillion by 2026.62 - - -62 Esports Market Size is Projected to Reach USO 1860.2 Million by 2026 at CAGR 15.1% I Valuates Reports https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/esports-market-size-is-projected-to-reach� usd-1860-2-million-by-2026-at-cagr-15-1-valuates-reports-822454230.html#:-:text=The%20glob� al%20Esports%20market%20size,the%20forecast%20period%202021-2026. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - -37 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Le7:7Z -a' [ILL3TI7 - - -Figure 15. Smart City Benefits - - -Smart cities are metropolitan areas that have implemented effective and ergonomic ways -of distributing resources. It also refers to the -movement that is creating citizen centered ecosystems to improve quality of life and stimulate economic activity via data-driven technologies. -0 -;JIU.II HRIEIISIE1VEJT TETE.IT3 - -The transformation of the Caribbean into Smart Islands will enable companies and users to create an unprecedented amount of data, drive -the upskilling of people and contributetothe - - -D le.f.GEIL.ii -[EI.I.3EHT.7Ha7HE - -{37.IEE.I.I.EET.EE.JiEI7El - - -following characterist - -. - - . -productivity across all sectors of Government. - -EEE3EE7EI73%I%I7% -island economies: - - - - -and Communications - -L - -EE.LEEK3EH;EI3El:LE - -[EI3aEEI.EEEEEI7EE. - -EEEEEEEEIEl -FEESESEEEHN - - -E:IR3'Ila'EI'LI.I'IEE] -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - - - -HEALTH AND WELLNESS FINANCIAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES - - -Al promises to use biological, medical and pharmaceutical data along with advance analytics to provide ground-breaking solutions for the diagnosis and care of disease. In the Caribbean. opportunities exist to use scientific and medical expertise to achieve better care outcomes and improve the productivity and efficiency of care delivery. It can also improve the day-to-day life of healthcare practitioners, letting them spend more time looking after patients and in so doing, raising staff morale, and improving retention. Better customer service thru smarter scheduling (e.g., appointments and operations) and insurance claim management is expected. In addition, the Caribbean can tap into data-driven diagnostics and -virtual drug development to produce results such as the one of three prostate cancer cell line for African males developed using Caribbean medical research and Al. - -The financial services industry has been integrating Al in the form of ATMs and other back-office technology such as solution to identify common customer transaction patterns and better understand the key triggers driving variances. However, there is now opportunity to integrate in technologies dealing with automated insurance underwriting and robotic process automation in areas such as finance and compliance. Al developments such as robe-advice have made it possible to develop customized investment solutions for mass market consumers in ways that would, until recently, only have been available to high-net-worth clients. The regions banking sector must take seriously the transition to digital money and digital banking and the use of the blockchain. - -Al has already been applied to education primarily in some tools that help develop skills and testing systems. The opportunity for Al With learning loss in the region of 15%- 30% due to COVID-19,AI -must be put in service to students and teachers. The market is there to support the investment in this area to drive efficiency, personalization and streamline ad min tasks to allow teachers the time and freedom to provide understanding and adaptability. A humanization and transformation of the pedagogy can happen. In 2019, the global Al in education market reached $1.1 billion and is predicted to generate $25.7 billion in 2030, advancing at a 32.9% CAGR during the forecast period (2020-2030). There stands to be an -explosion of student and learning data with the deployment of Online Learning Management Systems. - - -INFORMATION& CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT CREATIVE INDUSTRIES TECHNOLOGIES -The ICT industry sector in the Caribbean perhaps has the most important opportunities including -build out of the Internet infrastructure and creation -of Al based products for the region. Multiple benefits across both hardware and software is expected as the forecast for new applications to support citizen services such as justice, cybersecurity, labor and market collaboration, media and communications will be needed. The development of a strong and regional technology ecosystem is needed. The opportunities to connect the Caribbean with the global ecosystem of Al development are vast. Access to the internet for all regional citizens should be accelerated. - -Environmental resiliency is imperative for SIDs. Technologies that support environmental protection, preservation and study can be leveraged to attain the climate goals. Al can -support Geo-heritage and Geohazard Resilience by -supporting the data collection/Data acquisition/Data Mining of environmental data. Al can be used to support campaigns that promote the reduction of plastics pollution and the preservation of environmental resources such as water and Caribbean forestry. Al can be used to study the ocean ecosystem to learn more about how new industries in the blue economy can benefit Caribbean SIDS. - -The culture, the region's most visible export is well suited to advances due to Al. These include making the industry supply chain more efficient, opening new markets, and allowing for the digitalization of cultural heritage including media creation, classification, archiving. Additionally, opportunities for cultural and creative industry to be more integrated into ICT should be considered. The -sector can add to the humanistic development into -the IT sector. Other forms of access to the Digital Economy can be attained for the creative industries. Caribbean cuisine which is a fusion of global traditions, is internationally recognized as one of the premium culinary experiences in the -world. Application of Al technologies to Caribbean cuisine can enhance R&D, production efficiencies, export potential and marketing impact. - - -MANUFACTURING AGRICULTURE TOURISM - - -Three areas with the biggest Al potential in manufacturing include giving even greater ability to monitor and auto-correct the manufacturing process and support On-demand production. Predictive analytics will allow for supply chain and production optimization. Self-learning monitoring will make the manufacturing process more -predictable and controllable, reducing costly delays, -defects, or deviation from product specifications. There is huge amount of data available right through the manufacturing process, which allows for intelligent monitoring. - -Food security and crop optimization could be achieved by the implementing robotics and artificial intelligence systems. Hyperlocal weather forecasts that can be aggregated by Al systems can help to support crop risk management. Additional solution includes automated farming activities such as identification of pests and disease, managing crop quality with agricultural drones & robots, Crop health monitoring systems, Precision farming and Automated Irrigation Systems could support the transformation of the agricultural sector. - -The tourism industry is set to benefit from Al post COVID. For example, artificial intelligence can be used to improve personalization, tailor recommendations, and guarantee fast response times, even in the absence of staff. Other operational efficiencies such as energy savings, logistics and supply chain gains and asset management should be achieved with the implementation of Al based Internet of Things products. Blockchain technologies leveraging Al can also provide benefits to tourism. - - - -Figure 16. Opportunities for Al in Caribbean Industries - - - - - - - -39 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -SWOT ANALYSIS - - - -STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES - - -� Creative Culture (music I art I drama I fashion etc) -� Entrepreneur Culture (SMEs I innovation) -� Diversity (racial I ethnicity I cultural I language) -� Location (proximity I climate I global transpor� -tation zone) -� Environment (fauna I flora I marine I fisheries I -birds I agriculture etc) -� Hospitality (personnel I training I personality) -� Cuisine (flavours I techniques I presentation) -� Sports (talent I legacy) -� Hospitality Infrastructure (resorts I community tourism I air b&bs I attractions I transportation ICTs) -� Independent Democracies (votes I human rights I civil society I freedoms) -� Stable Governance (peaceful transfer of power) -� Tech Saavy Consumers (mobile I Al I social media etc) -� Regional Finance (Jamaica Stock Ex� change\Eastern Caribbean Stock Market] East Caribbean Dollar (ECCU[OECS) -� Regional Educational Institution UWI (regional tertiary institution I research) -� Resiliency (disasters I healthcare I economic) -� History (Africa I Colonial Lessons ] Indepen� -dence Experience) - -� Sustainable Governance (long term planning) -� Regional Integration (economy I security I justice -I politics) -� Regional (Caricom I copyright I courts) -� Digital Infrastructure (wifi I bandwidth I -regulatory) -� Fluctuating Exchange Rates (weak dollars) -� Trade Imbalance (high power costs= weak manufacturing) -� Al Literacy -� Al Education & Training across society -� Development Finance -� Capital Access -� Lack Of Regional Data -� Colonial Legacy (mindset) -� At Risk Communities - - - - -OPPORTUNITIES THREATS - - -� Technology & Innovation (renewables I soft� -ware) -� Creative Industries (music I film I art II design etc) -� Health & Wellness Products I Services -(e-health I ganja I herbs I nutriceuticals etc) -� Digital Services (data collection I cleaning I stor� -age] management} Preservation (jobs ] archives ] -youth engagement) -� Digital Economy (digital currencies I new business stocks) -� New Digital Jobs -� New Al Assisted Industries (mariculture I -e-manufacturing I e-education I e-tourism) -� Increased productivity in traditional industry sectors - -� Climate Change (rising seas ] sargasso seas I -extreme weather) -� Food Security (coral reefs I overfishing) -� Pandemics (covid I chick VI etc.) -� Crime & Violence -� Al & Automation -� Brain Drain -� Capital Flight -� Lack of action on upskilling -� Lack of quality broadband access -� Lack of collective governance plan -� Lack of regional digital currencies -� Slow government digital transformation -� Slow private sector investment in digital -transformation -� Learning loss - - -Figure 17. Caribbean Swot Analysis - - - - -40 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -CARIBBEAN Al POLICY ROADMAP RECOMMENDATIONS - -There are several existing frameworks that could be used as a starting point for developing -a roadmap. These include Asimov's Three Laws of -Robotics, IEEE The General Principles of Ethically Aligned Design, UK House of Lords Select Committee: Five Core Principles to Keep AI Ethical, and the European Commission's High Level Expert Group on Al Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Al to name a few. - -UNESCO is the United Nations' lead agency concerned with the humane dimensions -of the Information society and the ethical -implications of AI. UNESCO's Ad Hoc Expert Group (AHEG)'s Outcome document: First Draft of the Recommendation on the Ethics ofArtit,cial lntelligence65 document is UNESCO's frst normative instrument on a process for the -elaboration of a Recommendation on the Ethics of Al was selected as the right place to start looking for guidance. - -UNESCO aims to be a catalyst in bringing together multidisciplinary, universal and holistic approach to the development of Al in the service of humanity, sustainable development, and peace. The human� centered design includes the participation of stakeholders in the design and implementation of the Al system. - -These policy guidelines were created to aid in the development and deployment of Al in the Caribbean. The policy focuses on the amplification of the governance, skills and infrastructure needed to preserve human creativity and protect the environment. These strategies and objectives support safe, responsible, and accountable Al - - -The proposed framework for the Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap is built on six (6) principles. These principles include national and regional strategies and deliverables recommended to enable the Caribbean's effective adaptation of Al technologies and digital transformation of its economies. - - - - - -63 IEEE The General Principles of Ethically Aligned Design, https://ethicsinaction.ieee.org/ -64UK House of lords Select Committee: Five Core Principles to Keep Al Ethical, https://publications. parliament.uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ldai/100/100. pdf -65 UNESCO. 2020. First Draft of the Recommendation of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, 40 C/37. Paris: UNESCO. - -1. RESILIENCY - Enable Environmental Management and Climate Change Fight by protecting the environment, leveraging the power Al to produce strategies and solutions for climate change mitigation -and environmental preservation including early warning systems, remote monitoring, disaster management, structural improvements and public education. Al technologies must be used to mitigate climate change effects and protection in SIDS reducing carbon-emissions to improve food security and citizen well-being. - -2. GOVERNANCE - Develop Responsible Al Governance, Oversight, Principles & Policies to Do No Harm and to enhance safety, security and accountability of -Al. Promote Al as a tool for service to humanity. Establish common values and principles to ensure fairness, transparency and accountability in digital transformation and increased integration of Al algorithms. Develop policy and legislation to enable -the establishment of national and regional Al Governance Committees/ Oversight Boards as well as national and regional licensing regime to manage and monitor the development of standards that govern the industry including technical code of conduct for developers, procurement guidelines -for buyers, design and use principles and -ethically aligned design standards that include manual override option and open data protocol. Leverage existing ICT and/ or science policies. Regulate Al industry to provide redress and punishment for -individuals & companies that violate citizen rights and wellbeing including banning cyberbullying, hate crimes, discriminatory algorithms, disinformation and graphically violent images inclusive of penalties -and fines. Develop an Al Appeal Court and Online Dispute Resolution System. Increase advocacy for Al ethics by targeting software developers at global forums and hosting a global software conference to network, lobby, share research and initiate collaborations with big tech. Develop Al software to test Al for biases and identify -Al applications in most need of governance. Protect citizen privacy and instill trust. - - - - - - -41 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -Introduce new financial instruments including digital currencies and align legislative frameworks nationally, regionally and internationally. Create regional data trust to establish data licensing best practices aligned with Al offices. - -3. TRANSFORMATION - Transform through investment in infrastructure and smart island digital transformation of citizen services via increased operational efficiency and income generation for Al and R&D -in Al for Good. Launch Caribbean R&D -Tech Fund and regional Al incentives to establish new Al assisted industries including medical cannabis, e-health, -e-education, mariculture, wellbeing management, software development, -e-sports, e-translation services and data -management services leveraging linguistic plurality and cultural diversity. Existing industries should be modernized including manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, tourism, financial services and the creative industries. Acquire high speed broadband and independent secure storage space. Create Al data hubs aligned with tertiary institutions for R&D and give access to Al technologies for innovation generation. - -4. UPSKILLING - Upskill the human capital -by increasing education and training to develop digital skills and media and information literacy at all levels of society on Al and digital transformation including the development of regional research, innovation and entrepreneurship hubs to specifically include diverse populations including women, youth and differently abled people. Provide equitable access to -quality high-speed internet as a basic human -right and utilize equitable machine learning algorithms to develop on line platforms facilitating e-learning and public education. Launch the Caribbean Al Institute to offer diploma and certificate programmes, integrate Al into primary and secondary school courses to facilitate technical Al training and advance regional Al research and development with collaborative research resources such as computing. Develop localized media campaigns and MOOC courses for digital literacy public education and MOOC Courses for public - -officials in Al I Al Ethics I Al in Public Sector Transformation as well as Sensitivity Training. Engage creative professionals and youth to develop Al collaterals, courses and messaging for digital literacy programmes. - -5. PRESERVATION - Preserve and manage unique cultural, historical & sociological data. Al should be used to support Caribbean creativity, preserving the regions historical and sociological context, such as language and diversity. Building archives thru data banks and empowering youth thru education and training. The Caribbean region should develop tools and programmes to support Al literacy which reflects the region's linguistic plurality and diversity making it a globally applicable -dataset with aggregated regional data banks to handle big data. Seek to establish new modes of digitalization and monetization -of Caribbean culture. Digitize creative, cultural and environmental content while building data management capacity and services among youth, women and disabled people. Develop e-tourism and e-culture augmented reality experiences for the region's globally competitive hospitality and creative industries. Initiate 3D Mapping of Caribbean SIDs Capitals and their cultural, historical, social and environmental assets. Establish a big data preservation programme anchored by national and regional tri-level data management infrastructure to capture, classify, clean, format, store, analyze and archive data banks. - -6. SUSTAINABILITY - Sustainability strategies -to support Caribbean attainment of the UN SDGs including gender equality, poverty eradication, climate justice and -environmental protection and to transform the economy, enable creativity and improve citizen wellbeing. Promote innovation and investment in the application of Al to attain the UN SDG. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -42 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -Incentives support Al development and implementation across industries in Caribbean SIDS - -1. Attract engineering and R&D entities to establish opera� -tions in Caribbean SIDS -2. Establish and offer advanced testing, prototyping and other innovation services -3. Encourage development of Al solutions in the region aligned to global industry standards for human-centered design -4. Promote the creation, proper attribution and retention of intellectual property -5. Create additional jobs for the digital future such as digital archiving or data classification - -6. Create collaborative partnerships between academia, government and industry and create opportunities for women, youth and disabled people to work -7. Create incentives for industry citizens to be involved in starting new digital businesses -8. Deploy innovation and commercialization labs across the region to support technological innovation -9. Create a digital services industry based on exportable digital services -10. Promote the development of future skills courses at all levels of society to promote the expansion of the digital economy in the region -11. Promote industry internships that allow women, youth and differently a bled people to be involved in innovation and transformation - - -Figure 18. Incentives support Al development and implementation across industries In Caribbean SIDS -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap Recommendations -Figure 3. - - - -The recommended strategies from the consultations and stakeholder presentations in 2020 and early 2021, are reflected in the principles, objectives, guidelines, actions and deliverables outlined in the roadmap be� low. - - -RESILIENCY - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION - -Early Warning Systems DELIVERABLES - -Save Lives Earthquakes I Hurricanes I Rising Seas Minimize Risk & Economic Disaster Mitigation Environmental Monitoring Loss Report Trouble Spots Using Satellite lmagary Predictive Analysis Environmental Management Disaster Management I Public Education Save Lives - -Resource Management - - -Predictive Analysis - -Climate Change Fight -Decarbonization -Improve Food Security -Reduce Climate Risks - -Monitor -Oceans I Rivers I Ports I Volcanoes I Carbon Emissions - - -Monitor -Weather I Rainfall I Temperature Reefs I Pollution I Climate - - - - -GOVERNANCE - -Decarbonization -Improve Food Security - - -Improve Responsiveness - -I - -J - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES - -Fairness I Stewardship -Reduced biases Raise Awareness of responsible Al Responsible Al Strategies -Interoperability of Systems -Standards I Values - - -Enforcement I Deterrent Integration I Adaptation Investment I Trade -Public Health - - -Data Protection -Accountability Create Caribbean Al Standards Authority to aggregate -Transparency, Explainability & Explainability the specialized competencies that would be required to Explainability -Accountability Autonomy evaluate & approve deployment of proposed Al solutions Accountability -Stewardship Require Al data sheets with training process explained -Reduce Bias -Develop Al to test Al for biases -Responsible Al Identify Al applications to assist with safety & wellbeing and -Interoperability Al applications in most need of governance -Standards Design Manual Override Options (Kill Switch) Risk Impact -Safety & Wellbeing Values Establish Al Innovations and framworks for Do No Harm Technology -IOT Innovation Protect and Save Lives -Improved Citizen Services Justice Reform & Law Enforcement Retain Human Control -Online Dispute Resolution System -Defend Human Rights -(create I own I marry I reproduce etc) - -Provide equitable high speed internet access -and broadband - - -Access I Inclusion I -Equity Create flexible strategies to ensure technology access Increased participation -Recruit women and youth to inform and develop software -Utilize equitable machine learning algorithms - -- women-youth-disabled -Increase sharing - -Participate in Global Al Discourses -Promote Al regional/global networks Data Privacy -Launch software conference targeting software developers -Advocacy Lobby big tech companies to col la borate with the Caribbean Informed Consent -Autonomy -Issue Papers on Al Responsible Al Training Al Policies Increase Sphere of Influence -Participate in global Al forums Data Protection -Public Education - - - - - -44 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - -I -TRANSFORMATION -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES \ - -Introduce Efficiency Programmes -(crime]education]health[energy) maintenance) with public/private partnerships Public sector efficiency programmes ex. patent and -trademark examination, management and forecast of traffic, -the development of predictive capabilities for emergency Digital Transformation -Public Sector responses Improved Efficiency -Al Assistants to Improve citizen engagement and services Digital Economy -Investment Infrastructure - -such as on line experiences for website visitors and reducing -Modernize Digital Economy the number of people entering brick and mortar service -Improved Efficiency centres -Monitize Data Paperless Data Integration -New Industries Support Caribbean IOT Innovation - -Establish National and Regional Data Banks (governance) - Establish secure, energy efficient renewable energy based Al Infrastructure Smart Island Infrastructure Data Centres (storage) I Data Hubs (R&D I products) (Physical I Digital) Establish Internet Infrastructure� Broadband I WiFi I SG Digital Autonomy -Establish secure regional computing cloud - - - - -UPSKILLING -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES \ - -New Programmes for women, youth, disabled Public Education on Media and Information Literacy MOOC Courses for public sector -Establish Regional Al Incentives for Expand Digital Skill Pool -Academia I Private Sector New Products -Create a AIR&D Tech Fund I Regional AIR&D Cloud Wealth Generation -Initiate and Strengthen Strategic Alliances Transform Industries -Innovation Establish new Al assisted industries Increase Efficiency & -Medical Cannibis] E-Health] E-Sports [ E-Education Productivity -Mariculture I Wellbeing Management Enhance Customer Service -Software Development Diversify Consumer -Innovation I Monitization Increase Productivity Across Industries Experience -Digital Skills I Digital Literacy I Al Manufacturing-Regenerative Agriculture-Tou rism- -Adoption Transportation-Criminal Justice-Financial Services-Creative -Responsible Al Culture I R&D I Industries -Innovation Increase Data Man- -agement Capacity I Improved Al -Curriculum I Increased Awareness I Develop Al Bias Test Software Algorithms for efficient Al -Increase Work Pool training -Optimize algorithms for efficient testing -(energy optimization) -Leverage Linguistic Plurality develop Al tools to support Revenue Generation -I -! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -45 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -PRESERVATION - -GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES - - -Launch National and Regional Preservation Programmes -Data Capture Establish National and Regional Data Banks -Recruit and train youth and creatives to work as Accurate Digital Data -preservationists - - -Ensure there are Secure National and -Regional Storage Platforms -Culture I Environment I Society Recruit and train women, youth, disabled -Data Archives and creatives to handle data -Data Security -Data Utility Structured Data Clean public data I prepare machine readible format -Data Preservation Virtual Tourism Experirences classify, label, archive and manage content Data Utility -Cultural Heritage Preservation Recruit and train women, youth, disabled and creatives in -archival and data cleaning services - -Capture I Classify I Clean I Format I Store I Analyze I Structured Data -Data Management Archive Socio-Culural Environmental -Heritage Preservation - -3D Mapping of Caribbean SIDS Capitals (28) Virtual Tourism Experiences -Data Monitization Cultural I Historical I Social I Environmental Cultural Heritage -Augmented Reality Experiences Increase Financial -Literacy Preservation - - - -) -SUSTAINABILITY -l -b OBJECTIVES ACTION DELIVERABLES - -Use as tool in creation I production I -protection I preservation -Service to Humans Establish Caribbean Al Governance Network comprised of a Cultural Preservation -Sustainable Development network of experts to recommend new Al developments Predictive Analysis -Improve Citizen Wellbeing Establish Data Bank in National Archives Increased Efficiency -Decision-Making Structural Improvements I Digitize Operations -Gender Equity -Structural Improvements -Implement programmes leveraging Al in Poverty Reduction -Global Goals Clean Energy I Economic Development (Women and Youth) Sustainable Development -Reduce Digital Gender Gap I Upgrade Systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -46 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -CONCLUSION -WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE; LOOKING FORWARD - -"We may not be where we want to be today, but we -have a lot of opportunities for making things better right now and building a better future." - - Dorothy Gordon, Chair, UNESCO Information For All Programme (IFAP) - -All around the world, Artificial Intelligence (Al) is being employed to respond to challenges by providing innovative technological solutions to a host of social, economic, environmental, political, and security concerns. The response to the -COVID-19 global pandemic, has benefitted from the use of Al for example in the fast track development of vaccines and remote healthcare tools. The opportunities for Al's to address the multiple - -development challenges that the Caribbean faces is an undeniable motivator and attractive value proposition. Since its declaration in March 2020,66 the global pandemic continues to negatively impact the region. ECLAC's Preliminary Overview of the Economies of the region forecasted an average contraction of -7.7% for 2020, the largest in 120 years.67 - -Strategies to help the region rebuild after the pandemic should be immediately deployed. First, there should be focus on the strengthening the regional digital infrastructure for internet access and build local data centres and GPU capacity. Equitable access to the Internet in the region must be expanded and costs kept low so that every - - -66 Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2020 - Economic Com� -mission for Latin America and the Caribbean -671bid - - - - -47 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -citizen has opportunity to participate in the digital economy. There are existing ICT frameworks and science policies that can be amended to address the growing opportunities of Al. This means a collective investment to build critical infrastructure in a way that scales the services across all 28 Caribbean -SIDS. - -It will be critically important to begin the upskilling of the work force where Al education and development can begin with media and information literacy campaigns. Al education and development should be encouraged, and rewards put in place to build Al tools in service to humanity such as tools to reduce bias by testing algorithms before acquisition. The Caribbean is the perfect melting pot to ensure that this Al development can happen in this human centric way. More awareness is needed and digital literacy and awareness campaigns should continue and a new intensity started. A key driver to the upskilling will be the collaboration between the public and private sector. Governments should -take a collaborative approach to deployment of -technologies to support the modernization of citizen services and promote the transformation into smart island economies. However before this can be done, the humanistic deployment of ethical best practices, frameworks, policies and laws to ensure, safety, -trust and protection of human creativity and human rights, should be encouraged. - -The chasm to development for Caribbean SIDS is quite large and has surely been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, however, they can act quickly to embrace the opportunity to pivot -and reorient the region to the digital future using -Al. This general purpose technology is here with its advantages and disadvantages but the opportunities for development too large to ignore. In the Caribbean stakeholder consultations, the participants agreed that with all that is at stake, the region's humanity must be preserved and that Al in the Caribbean must serve the people. Caribbean SIDS must act now to develop a multi-dimensional strategy that pushes Al governance, education -and digital infrastructure across the region while - -preserving human creativity, increasing trust and protecting the environment. The magnitude of -Al must be taken seriously as it could poise an -existential threat to Caribbean society. The task ahead may be daunting and will require long term vision, strong leadership, investment and cohesive action to enable the transformation and survival of the Caribbean SIDS in the digital age. - -The Caribbean is a glorious and harmonious microcosm of humanity, reflecting the collective potential of its people to create and innovate as they transform to meet the challenges and opportunities of the times. Al is a hallmark of the fourth industrial revolution. The benefits that Al can deliver towards the regions sustainability is a big driver for action. The plan for the future requires leadership to chart -a strategic course for the future which will support the region's competitive advantages and address its developmental challenges. - - - - "Caribbean states have done well to manage and contain the spread of the pandemic within ourjurisdictions, but our tourism-dependent, open economies have had little defence against the global economic contagion that has followed." She further stated that the "way forward for our countries lie in developing emerging technologies and innovations that solve issues affecting small island developing states. Technologies that allow us to overcome the vulnerabilities of our small populations, our small economies, and our vulnerabilities -to natural disasters. Technologies that allow us to leverage our assets of climate, geographic location, and of course, our collective creativity. The time is now to unleash the power -of our creative imagination to move our islands beyond cautious incrementalism, and to enter a period of rapid, large� scale transformation and global distinction. We have been that region that has led the world in humanization and has continued to focus on the centrality of that individual person -and we have sought more for social justice and continue to -point the way forward" - -Prime Minister Mia Mottley, Barbados, Pivot Conference 2020 - - - - - - - - - - -APPENDIX -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -er.i -ill!] cuter orce -lddddd tor th cibbn -@0MMISSION - - -ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CARIBBEAN CONTEXT: WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT2 - -A fourm organ ized within the framework of the -Caribbean Artificialintelligence initiative - - -APPENDIX#1 - - -Summary of Stakeholder Consultations: Forum 1 - -Caribbean Al Initiative FORUM 1 Summary December 10, 2020 -FORUM SPEAKERS Sadia Sanchez-Vegas -Director of UNESCO Cluster Office for the -Caribbean - "Al and Al Applications are developing at tremendous speeds raising several ethical, legal and humanistic concerns." - -Dorothy Gordon -Chair, UNESCO Information for All Programme -(IFAP) -"We may not be where we want to be today, but we have a lot of opportunities for making things better right now and building a better future." - -Erica Simmons -Exec Director, Caribbean Maritime University "The most important General-Purpose Technology of our Era is here, we cannot let this opportunity pass us by." - -Prof Paul Golding -School of Business & Management, University of -Technology, Jamaica -"Each country should not go it alone." - -Eldon Marks -CEO,V75 -"There should be a certain degree of concern, even now, given the interplay between technology and society -and our common commodity - Data" - -Policy & Strategy Recommendations - -1. Any policies, laws or regulations must be grounded in Human Rights FIRST - -2. Science and Technology policies should be developed at National and Regional Level. - -3. Pay attention to Data and Digital Infrastructure - -4. There are tools and other strategies for the -Caribbean nations including UNESCO's -leading with an International Standard Setting -Instrument to help with Al Policy. - -5. Caribbean SIDS must come together to develop Al competencies with the goal to be producers of Al technologies appropriate for the region. Data Literacy is an important area of Al competency. - -6. Caribbean SIDS need Al Infrastructure including GPU and SG. - -7. Caribbean SIDS should consider developing -in depth guidelines for Al that will guarantee a certain level of transparency and trust. Including a procurement guide for government officials. - -8. Caribbean SIDS should create policies that encourage the creation of unique datasets -for the Caribbean focusing on structured and -unstructured information as a service. - -9. Caribbean SIDS can develop a specialization in - - - - - -50 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -the humanistic methodologies or approaches that can assist companies to balance commercial opportunity against the human ethical side of Al solution development. - -10.USE global policy guidelines from IEEE, UNESCO, UNICEF and others to leverage the learnings from these international organizations in policy and regulation development. - -11.A regional Al ecosystem should be created and collaboration on the development of Al across the region such as each country having specific specialization with regards to the regional Al ecosystem approach. - -12.As positioning as an Al service region would fit well with our already service focused so these services are possible areas that we can excel in. - -13. Policy development can come under existing frameworks. CARI COM has a policy regionally for the harmonization of ICT and this is probably a natural place for policies about Al to come under - -14. Promote the use of anonymized data in Al -Innovations where applicable. - -15.Support the use of Al models which require less training data. - -16.Devise and enforce appropriate data protection policies. - -17. Encourage the development of Al technologies that combat the destructive uses of Al Technology. This includes the creation of NGOs and other organizations that promote Al for Social Good. - -18. Policies should be put in place that foster innovation of Al-based specializations at the industry level within the region. - -19. Make a meaningful bridge between academia and industry to enable true utilitarianism at the tertiary institutions and enable the research in motion within industry. - -20. Meaningful investments to develop the skills and capabilities of Al development in the region starting from primary school. - - - - - - - - -51 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -APPENDIX#2 - - -Summary of Stakeholder Consultations: Forum 2 - -Caribbean Al Initiative FORUM 2 Summary February 18 - 19, 2021 - -ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: OPPORTUNITIES TO ACCELERATE HUMAN PROGRESS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - -EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - -Initiative to raise awareness on the scope of op� portunities for Al and encourage Caribbean SIDS and inform the preparation of a policy brief for the region. - - -Sadia Sanchez-Vegas -Director of UNESCO Cluster office for the -Caribbean - -Dorothy Gordon -Chair, Information for All Programme (IFAP) - -Hon Olivia Grange -CP, MP Minister of Culture, Gender, Entertainment and Sports; Chair, Jamaica National Commission -For UNESCO - -Carolina Aguerre -Director, Center for Technology and Society -University of San Andres - -Dhanaraj Thakur -Research Director -Center for Democracy & Technology - -Patrick Lafayette -Veteran Jamaican Broadcaster - -Deidre Williams -Teacher, Librarian and Administrator -St Lucia - -Wendell Wallach -Co-Convener, International Congress for the -Governance of Al (ICGAI) - -Renee Cummings -Criminologist, Criminal Psychologist, Al Ethicist, Data Activist - -Chief Justice Ivor Archie -Trinidad and Tobago - -Judge lsabela Ferrari -Federal Judge, Brazil - -Dr. Francesc Pedr~, -Director -UNESCO International Institute for Higher -Education in Latin America and the Caribbean - -Dr. Gunjan Mansingh -Head of Department of Computing -University of the West Indies, Mona - -Professor Anthony Clayton -Director, Institute of Sustainable Development, UWl,Mona -Chairman of Broadcasting Commission of -Jamaica - -Dr. Royston Emmanuel -E-Learning Specialist & Head of E-Learning -Academy -The Sir Arthur Lewis Community College (SALCC), Saint Lucia - -Jane Zavalishina -President and Co-Founder of Mechanica Al - -Nievia Ramsundar -Executive Director, Caribbean Competition -Authority - -Leslie Lee Fook -Director, A.I., Analytics and Automation, lncus -Services - -Jason Mars -Assistant Professor of Computer Science at -University of Michigan & Co-founder of Cline Inc - -Nicholas Kee -Executive Director, Next Gen Creators - - - - - - - -52 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -David Hughes -Associate Professor, Penn-State University and -Founder of PlantVillage - -Rakesh Bhukal -PhD Candidate, Founder, Managing Director -& Specialist in Aquaculture, Aquaponics & Hydroponics, Aquatic solutions, Trinidad and Tobago - -Professor Lloyd Waller -Executive Director, The Global Tourism Resilience and Crisis Management Centre (GTRCM) - -Jhannel Tomlinson -PhD Candidate, Climate and Agriculture, The -University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica - -Henkel Valentine -PhD Candidate & Researcher in Prostate Cancer, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica - -Dr. Sherene James-Williamson -Associate Dean, Undergraduate Matters, Senior Lecturer & Museum Curator, The University of the West Indies, Mona - -Leighton Paul Walsh (Walshy Fire) -DJ, MC, Grammy Award Winning Record Producer, Member of "Major Lazer" - -Andrea Dempster Chung Executive Director, Kingston Creative - -Dr. Marielle Barrow -Program Coordinator, Caribbean Development -Bank - -Octavio Kulesz -Digital Publisher, Entrepreneur, & Director ofTeseo - -Cordel Green -Cordel Green, Executive Director, Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica and UNESCO Representative - -Isabel Viera Bermudez -Advisor for Communication and Information, UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean - -Paula lst~riz Cavero -Programme Specialist, Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO Cluster Office for the Caribbean - -Erica Simmons -Executive Director, Centre for Digital Innovation, Caribbean Maritime University - -Professor Paul Golding -Associate Professor, College of Business and -Management, University of Technology - -M Georgia Gibson Henlin -QC Managing Partner -Hen I in Gibson Hen I in, Attorneys-at-Law - -Eldon Marks -Founder & CEO of V75 Inc. - -Sasha Harrison -The University of the West Indies STAT -Vice-Chancellor's Ambassador & Economist, Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica - -Indi McLymont-Lafayette -Development -Communications Specialist, Change -Communications Limited - -Dr. Sonjah N. Stanley Niaah -Director and Senior Lecturer, Institute of Caribbean Studies & Reggae Studies Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica - - -Policy & Strategy Recommendations -1. Given automation's impact on employment, public policies strategies and programmes are needed to ensure that Artificial Intelligence empowers people not replace people - -2. Set goals to ensure that the voice of Caribbean -Al is gender neutral - -3. Establish a Caribbean Al Governance Network - -4. Operationalize Al principles to avoid 'ethics washing' - -5. Launch digital literacy, digital skills and digital hygiene awareness public education campaigns - -6. Governments in the Caribbean have a crucial role in the policy process and identifying the themes that are most vital for Al policy, systems and potential applications in each country and the region. - -7. Establish comprehensive data policy to address the industry beyond privacy and data protection - - - - - -53 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -concerns to include how to we create data, clean data and develop data models such as Open Data for reuse. - -8. Establish Al policy areas around ethical impact assessment, ethical governance and management, data policy, development and international cooperation, environment and ecosystem, gender, culture, education and research, economy and labor, health and social welfare to protect Caribbean people - -9. Address this inflection point in human history where technology radically restructuring and destabilizing human affairs - -10.AI for Good and principles are mostly weak instruments in comparison to the power of the digital economy to exacerbate structural inequalities. Design regulations and laws to protect the people. - -11.AI in the Caribbean should be directed to developing technological innovations that solve the region's most pressing development problems including poverty, climate change, -crime and violence, public safety, healthcare and gender inequalities. - -12.Create ender responsive Al Policy and make sure women are at the table when talking about gender -equitable decision making. - -13. Encourage industry to hire women and promote women leadership in Al. - -14.Collect trusted data on the landscape such as gender metrics for the Al industry and related sectors. - -15.Create algorithmic impact assessments and explainability guidelines to help industry mitigate potential gender discrimination in their products and services (apply these to government use and procurement of Al tools). - -16. Provide incentives to traditional capital sources and venture capital that promote gender equality in Al. - -17. Provide finance and training to support gender equitable Al entrepreneurship. - -18.Address the Social Science Gap in Al development teams so that more ethical development can happen. - -19. Establish R&D centers focused on the big questions facing Al tools. - -20. Improve transparency in training data sets by requiring explainability and impact assessments to be done. - -21.Address affordability of the tools to assist the visually impaired individuals in the Caribbean. - -22.Severely punish bias discrimination by fines or punished thru the courts. - -23. Implement Al policy protects disabled people like a Watchdog for the disabled. - -24. Make a concentrated effort to educate the young people to create Al technology reflective of our regional experience. - -25.Create an Initiative for the collection and protection of our inclusive and accurate data in all industry sectors. - -26. Require explanations, justifications, contextual information about the application of algorithms. - -27. Find reasonable ways to regulate the use of algorithms and balance innovation and ethics. - -28. We must design ethical Al by using interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches and interventions to detect, mitigate and monitor Al risks. - -29.Demand that rigorous stewardship and robust ethical guardrails are established for AU to ensure we DO NO HARM with Al. - -30.Algorithms must be interrogated. Mandate audits and impact assessments that continually check for bias in algorithms. - -31. We must advocate always for justice-oriented design principals and data rights. - -32. The research, design, development, and deployment of Al must consider the wellbeing of humanity, the environment and sustainable development and Al systems must ensure diversity, inclusion, and gender equality. - -33.Get Civil Society to raise their voice to point -out issues linked to bias and discrimination, this also makes Al developers and Al developing Companies accountable. - -34. Recommend that we consider Al to help in -the criminal justice system. To improve citizen services by helping the judicial with decision making processes. Go back to the definition of What is a court? - - - - - -54 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -35.Start conversations about how Al can be -used in a safe way in the judiciary. Al gives the opportunity to expand access to justice. - -36. Ban facial recognition systems in the judiciary because of its ethical problems. - -37. Employ Al in service to student's education. -Determine if Al can be used to make up for the -COVID-19 learning loss. We have losses of 15%� -30%. - -38. Provide universal access to quality internet for -all citizens of the Caribbean. Access to Internet is a fundamental right. - -39.Use Al to improve pedagogical outcomes for students. Al can help teachers make better more personalized decisions about teaching and learning of each student. Individualizing education. Consider learning analytics to make the teaching, learning and administration of education more efficient and personalized thereby humanizing the pedagogy. - -40. Reskill large parts of the workforce especially those in repetitive jobs that are often low -hanging fruit for automation - customer support, -telesales, security guard, hematologists, truck driver, research analyst, radiologist. - -41.1 mprove the technology education in schools starting at the primary level thru to secondary. - -42. Fundamentally rethink the nature of work and education including the relationship between qualifications and future of work - -43. Empower teachers so that they have the technical skills to use the technology. - -44. Encourage curiosity in the people, get them -to play with technology by providing relevant content. - -45.Consider focusing on knowledge transfer industry as a regional industry strategy. Software is a weightless export product. That gives good competitive advantage and Al is a software product. - -46. Review how Al works with competition. Propose regulatory intervention. Review tacit collusion because Al can create unfair competition. - -47.Consider creating industry specific toolkits to help regulators respond to consumer or market harm caused by fast moving technology. - -48. Invest in developing new jobs to replace the ones that will be obsoleted. - -49.AI should be integrated into agriculture so that we can increase the efficiency of that sector including precision farming, disease and weather predictions, crop monitoring systems. - -SO.Al should help to facilitate the collection and analysis of data in the agricultural sector use R&D and University projects to support the deployment of these technology into small farmers. - -51.AI can be used to support better service delivery to the Tourism sector such as keyless entry. - -52.AI can be used to tackle some of the most pressing problems like finding a vaccine for COVID-19. - -53.AI can be used to tread with community spread and to find out other data about how disease is spread among the populous - -54. We can continue to use Al in medical research just like we did to discover one of three prostate cancer cell lines for men of African descent in the world. - -55.AI can be used to make our healthcare sector more efficient; this is an area that we can focus on that will benefit the people however we must ensure transparency of Al systems in medical research. - -56.AI should be used to help with research on -Geoheritage and Geohazard Resiliency R&D -by giving researchers more access to data to do analysis. This is a form of cultural preservation. - -57.Use art to engage people with Technology applications. - -58.Create multilateral relationships to help with the expansion to technology and arts. - -59.Technology should help with customer service representative to deliver a better product in tourism. - -60.AI is being used in arts and fashion in all kinds of creative ways and should be expanded further. - -61. We must put mechanisms in place to ensure that the stakeholders of the creative industry in the region do not get left behind due to lack of digital literacy skills. - - - - - - -55 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -62. We need to better understand the implications of the data and backend systems that collect our data. - -63.Create a cultural data bank for all citizens to deposit their data and become shareholders in the bank. - -64. Determine how we can help drive Al across -the Caribbean creative ecosystem to get more efficiency, more creativity, more scale across creation, production, distribution channels. - -65. Ensure that our cultural expressions are free of -Bias. - -66. Work concurrently in the Field of Culture and Al. Bring Al into the field of Culture and bring Culture into the field of Al. - -6 7. We cannot have ethical Al without diversity. - -68.AI must be put to the service of the creative industry in the Caribbean. Making creatives more efficient. - -69. We must be sensitive to intellectual property rights and sacred spaces and places and treat them with respect. - -70. We should use Al to amplify what is working for us in the Caribbean such as the expertise in Carnival productions. - -71. Remove the barriers for sharing data among and between Caribbean countries. - -72.Create opportunities for youth to engage with technology thru cultural digitalization/ preservation - Digitalize the culture - turn physical assets into digital assets - flm, tv, music, artwork, oral traditions. - -73. Provide a collective backend for creatives to leverage that would help them to streamline their business. - -74.Provide global leadership in Al ethics transparency. - -75.Create regional infrastructure including data centres, GPUs, and access to the internet as a digital strategy - - - - - - - - - - - - -56 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -APPENDIX#3 - - -Stakeholders' Poll Results -February 18, 2021- Polls & Results - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Unto Nations Educational. Scertfc and Cultural Organ.aton - -SMALL ISLAND -DEVELOPING STATES - - -CARIBBEAN - -INITIAT VF - - - - -: OPPORTUNITIES TO ACCELERATE HUMAN PROGRESS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - -18-19 February 2021 - - - - - - -Forum 2 Polling Results - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -57 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -PARTI Cl PANTS BY INDUSTRY FEB 18 - - - - -Insurance t Insurance, 1 -VAR/Systems integrator VAR/Systems Integrator, 1 -Aerosp ace & Defense I Aerospace & Defense, 1 -Manufacturing a Manufacturing, 2 -High Tech - Hardware High Tech - Hardware, 2 -High Tech -ISP High Tech -1SP,2 -Transportation & Distribution n Transportation & Distribution, 2 -Call Center Outso urcing ? Call Center Outsourcing, 2 -Software - Finance ? Software- Finance, 2 -Hospitality, Travel, Tourism Hospitality, Travel, Tourism, 3 -Retail � Retail, 3 -Real Estate Real Estate, 4 -Financial Services - Other Financial Services - Other, 8 -Medical, Pharma, Biotech Medical, Pharma, Biotech, 8 -Banking & Se cu rities - Banking & Securities, 9 -Energy, Chemical, Utilities Energy, Chemical, Utilities, 9 -Hospital, Clinic, Doctor Office - Hospital, Clinic, Doctor Office, 12 -High Tech - Other High Tech - Other, 13 -Software -Other Software - Other, 14 -Legal Legal, 15 -Telecommunications - Telecommunications, 15 -Government - Federal Government - Federal, 15 -Advertising/Marketing/PR Advertising/Marketing/PR, 16 - -Energy , Chemical, Medical, Pharma, -or�a. %a"""" ass""" -Doctor Office Securities - 2 1% High Tech- other_ - -2% 2% - -2% - -Government� Federal -2% - -Financial Services� -Consulting - Accounting Government - State &Local Other -Education - -Consulting, 24 -Accounting, 26 -Government - State & Local, 30 -Other, 49 - - - - -Education, 92 - - -Advertising/Ma rketin g/PR -3% -No Response - -esp0nse, 23.5 -50 100 150 200 250 - - - - - - - -PARTICIPANTS BY COUNTRY FEB 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -J amaica -Suriname -D om inica - -United States of America -Saint Lucia -C uracao - -Trinidad and Tobago -Bahamas -G renada - -H aiti -G uyana -B razil - -B arbados -Be lize -? United Kingdom -Aruba - -Italy - -France - -Saint Vincent and the Grenadines i Venezuela (Bolivarian Re public of) -A ntigua and Barbuda -C olombia -G reece - -C osta Rica - India lapan - -A nguilla -Canada -M exico - -V irgin islands (British) U ruguay -Saint Kitts and Nevis - -N orth Macedonia N etherlands S pain -D om inican Republic - - -48 36 - - -400 500 600 700 - - - - - -58 - -Poll Feb 18: - -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap -Have you read the UNESCO Draft Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence or other similar reports/recommendations on Al Ethics? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Poll Feb 18: -Given the importance of data to Al, do you believe people should own their personal data and have the right to determine how it is accessed and used? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Yes -100% - - - - - - - - -59 -Poll Feb 18: -ho should primary responsibility for Al regulation be left to? - -Government (law and regulations) -2% - - - - - - - -A multi� takeholder approach -{Collaborativ ely by government, private -sector and civil... - - - -Poll Feb 18: -Do you think Al will increase or decrease gender-inequality in the Caribbean? - - - - - - -No change - - - - - - - - - - -Increase -inequality -51 - - - - - - - - - -60 -Poll Feb 18: -Are you receptive to the use of Al in the Justice System in the Caribbean? - - - - - - - - -Not Sure -34% - - -Yes -44% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Poll Feb 18: -Do you believe Al will advance inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all? -NotSure -0% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -61 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - -February 19 Poll Results - -PART1CI PANTS BY COUNTRY FEB 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Jamaica -Belize ? United States of America -Brazil -Trinidad and Tobago -Saint Lucia -Suriname -Guyana -Ba rbados -Bahamas ? Haiti -Dominica Curacao Aruba Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda ? United Kingdom Saint Vincent and the Grenadines France G renada G reece Canada Virgin slands (British) Venezuela (Bolivarian Re public of) Saint Kitts and Nevis Netherlands Italy India C olombia Uruguay United States Minor Outlying Islands s Spain North Macedonia Mexico /apan Indonesia Dom inican Republic Costa Rica American Samoa -15 14 1111106-43t ; - -PARTI Cl PANTS BY INDUSTRY FEB 19 - - -VAR/Systems Integrator I VAR/Systems integrator, l -Insurance l Insurance, I -Aerospace & Defense Aerospace &Defense, l -High Tech - ISP High Tech-1SP, 2 -Call Center Outsourcing Call Center Outsourcing. 2 -Manufacturing Manufacturing. 2 -High Tech - Hardware High Tech- Hardware, 2 -Transportation & Distribution Transportation & Distribution, 2 -Software - Finance ? Software - Finance, 2 -Hospitality, Travel, Tourism Hospitality, Travel, Tourism, 3 -Retail Retail, 3 -Real Estate - Real Estate, 4 -Banking & Securities Banking & Securities, 9 -Energy, Chemical, Utilities Energy, Chemical, Utilities, 9 -Medical, Pharma, Biotech Medical, Pharma, Biotech, 9 -Financial Services - Other I Financial Services -Other,9 -Hospital, Clinic, Doctor Office Hospital, Clinic, Doctor Office, 12 -High Tech - Other High Tech - Other, 13 -Legal Legal, 15 -Software -Other Software- Other,15 -Government - Federal Government - Federal, 15 -Telecommunications - Telecommunications, 16 -Advertising/Marketing/PR Advertising/Marketing/PR, 19 - -Medical, Pharma, B1otech~Enerrv, Che -2% Utilit -ma"-omher - Hospital, Clinic, Doctor Office igheel+ 2% -Other -2% -Software - Other -3% -Government - Federal -3% -Telecommunications -3% -Advertising/Marketing/PR -3% - - - - - -Government� State &Local J -Consulting -Accounting -Government State & Local -Other - -Consulting 25 6% -Accounting, 30 -Government - State &Local, 32 -Education ----------- Other,54 -No Response - -Education, 101 - - -No Response, 155 -20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 - - - - - - - - -62 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - -Poll Feb 19: -Do you think the risks associated with Al outweigh the potential benefits for Caribbean Sustainable Development? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Poll Feb 19: -Do you believe that Al will undermine OR enhance human creativity? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -63 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -APPENDIX#4 - - -Stakeholders' Poll Results - Reimagine the future with Artificial Intelligence: A Virtual link up for Caribbean Youth - -April 28, 2021- Polls & Results - - - - -Age: - - - - - - - -27.6% - -Less than 20 years Old -20-24 Years 0lid -� Over 24 Years Od - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Have you heard of the term Artificial Intelligence before today? - -29 responses - - - -Yes -No - - - - - -96 .6% - - - - - - - - - - - - -64 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -Have you ever interacted with any form of Artificial Intelligence? - -29 responses - - - -Yes -No - - - - - - -93.1% - - - - - - - - - - - - -How much do you know about Artificial Intelligence? - -29 responses - - -15 - - - -10 - - - - - - -0 -4 5 - - -1= Novice S=Expert - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -65 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -Have you ever heard the term algorithmic bias? - -29 responses - - - - - -44.8% - - - - - - - - - - - -55.2% - - - -Do you think Artificial Intelligence can be biased? ex. Could the Al prefer men over women, -or dogs over cats, or even rich or poor? - -29 responses - - - - - -241% - -Yes -No - - - - - -759% - - - - -Who should own the data between you and your Personal Robot? - -33 responses - - -The Company -You, the Individual -The Government - - -93.9% - - - - - - - - - -66 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - -Should we be using AI for Sentencing? - -26 responses - - - - - - -654% - -Yes -No - - - - - - - - -34.6% - - - - - -Are you being introduced to Al in school now? - -27 responses - - - - - - - -74.1% - -Yes -No - - - - - - - -25.9% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -67 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - -Do you have any Recommendations on the UPSKILLING Principle? - - - - -I would recommend that the workforces/organisations should encourage their current staff to be1rained technically on IT software or basic IT �kills and campaign to youths to encourage the importance af IT, Digitalization and Al initatives. - - -Firstly, its important to duca1e the public on the importance and efficiency of Al, for example; what does it entail and how do we integrate it into our everyday lives, Additionally, it's necessary to look at the different methods of integration and implementation measures needed to ensure a smooth transition from our current labour force to Al without completely disrupting the workforce Importantly, wtale AI will make mo$1 positions in the workplace obsolete, other job titles may continue the use of people, a clear cut transition is needed. Bu Al is definitely essential. How do we do this, by engaging Al professionals to provide training sessions from -as early as primary level, even if its as an introduction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -68 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -APPENDIX #5 - -Caribbean Al Roadmap Summary - - - - -1. RESILIENCY - - - - -2. GOVERNANCE - - - - -3. TRANSFORMATION - -4. UPSKILLING - - - - -5. PRESERVATION - - - - -6. SUSTAINABILITY - - - - - - -1. RESILIENCY - - - -DISASTER MITIGATION DATA MANAGEMENT - -� Early Warning Systems -� Trouble Spot Monitoring -� Disaster Management -� Public Education -� Resiliency Framework -� Post Event Protocols (communication I security) -� Post Event Media Recovery - -RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - -� Monitor Oceans I Rivers -� Monitor Ports -� Monitor Carbon Emissions -� Survey Terrain for Roads -� Underground Infrastructure Resiliency -� Mobile Renewable Energy Stations -� Potable Water Machinery -� Healthcare Facilities -� Rationalization I Mobilization I Allocation - -� Capture -� Classify -� Clean -� Format -� Store -� Analyze -� Archive -� Protection - -PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS - -� Monitor Weather I Rainfall -� Monitor Reefs I Pollution -� Monitor Climate Changes -� Monitor Natural Events ie Volcano - - - - -DELIVERABLES - -� Save Lives -� Minimize Risk & Economic Loss -� Improve Responsiveness -� Increase Efficiency -� Decarbon ization -� Improve Food Security -� Structured Data -� Preservation -� Predictive Analysis - - -69 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - -2. GOVERNANCE - - - -ETHICS LEGISLATION - -� Common Values & Principles -� National-Regional Al Offices I Data Trusts - -STANDARDS - -� Develop Technical Code of Conduct -(developers) -� Develop Procurement Guidelines (buyers) -� Develop Al Design I Use Principles -� Reference IEEE P7000 Series of Standards - - - -DELIVERABLES - -� Fairness -� Stewardship -� Reduced Bias -� Increase Awareness -� Responsible Al Strategies -� lnteroperatbility of Systems -� Standards I Values -� Enforcement I Deterrent -� Integration I Adaptation -� Investment I Trade -� Public Health -� Explainability -� Accountability -� Responsive Legislation Framework -� Enhance Trust - - - - -SAFETY & WELLBEING - -� Develop Al to test Al for biases -� Identify Al applications in need of governance -� Defend Human Rights -� Establish Al innovations and framework for -Justice reform I law enforcement I on line -dispute resolution system -� Design manual override options - -EQUITY - -� Provide equitable high speed internet[broadband access -� Access to technology -� Targeted recruitment - women I youth -� Equitable machine learning algorithms - -� Al framework - long term policy I regulations I -penalties -� Introduce laws (soft I hard) to address Al harms, -responsibility, liability -� Review policy and legislation on ICT and cyber crimes -� New financial instruments -� Fiscal and policy space to align frameworks -(national I regional I global) -� Enshrine Al for Good as a Human Right - -TRANSPERANCY I EXPLAINABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY -� Create Caribbean Al Standards Authority to aggregate, evaluate and approve deployment of proposed Al solutions -� Corporate Responsibility Education Programme -� Enable Al assisted Cyber Security to increase data security -� Build Trust in Al among Caribbean citizens - - - - -LEGISLATION - -� Participate in global Al discourse -� Promote Al regional/global networks -� Launch international developers software conference -� Lobby big tech for collaborations -� Issue academic papers on Al -� Participate in global forums -� Responsible Al Training and Policies - - -DELIVERABLES - -� Risk Impact -� Do No Harm Technology -� Protect and Save Lives -� Retain Human Control -� Access I Inclusion -� Increased participation -� Increased sharing -� Data Privacy -� Informed Consent -� Autonomy -� Increase Sphere of Influence - - - -70 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - -3. TRANSFORMATION - - - -PUBLIC SECTOR SMART ISLAND INFRASTRUCTURE - -� Introduce efficiency programmes (crime I -education I health I energy) -� Paperless data integration - -� Support Caribbean IOT Innovation - -� Develop 'Smart Island' infrastructure - -� Initiate and strengthen strategic alliances - -� maintenance) with public/private partnerships to enable collective development of internet and data management infrastructure -� Public sector efficiency programmes re patent and trademark examination, management -and forecast of traffic, the development of predictive capabilities for emergency responses -� Al Assistants to Improve citizen engagement and services such as online experiences for website visitors and reducing the number -of people entering brick and mortar service centres -� Retain talent in the region - - -DATA TRUSTS Aligned with NATIONAL-REGIONAL Al OFFICES -Govern data standards and data licensing - - -DATA BANKS Aligned with National Archives I -REGIONAL DATA BANK -Drive youth centered data preservation -programmes to build archives and data management capacity - - -DATA HUBS Aligned with Tertiary Institutions - -Facilitate R&D and promote Al innovation as a wealth generator - - -DATA CENTRES -National-Regional Secure Storage Platforms - - -INFRASTRUCTURE -Establish internet infrastructure (Broadband I WiFi -I SG) - - -CLOUD - -Establish secure regional computing cloud - - - - -DELIVERABLES - -� Digital Transformation -� Improved Efficiency -� Digital Economy -� Al Infrastructure (Physical I Digital) -� Digital Autonomy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -71 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - -4. UPSKILLING - - - -INNOVATION MONITIZATION - -� Establish Regional Al Incentives for Academia I -Private Sector - -� Target women, youth, differently abled - -� Public Education on Media and Information -Literacy - -� Create Al R&D Tech Fund - -� Initiate and strengthen strategic alliances - -� Establish new Al assisted industries (medical cannabis ] e-health ] e-education] e-sports ] -mariculture I wellbeing management I software -� Increase productivity in across industries � manufacturing I criminal justice I regenerative agriculture I tourism I transportation I financial services I creative industries - - -� Develop Al bias test software algorithms for efficient Al training (energy optimization) -� Leverage linguistic plurality develop Al tools to support inclusion online ie e-translation -� Structure data to extract value - -� Digitize creative and environmental content - -� Develop digital content - -� Promote data services - -� Augmented Reality Experiences - E-Tourism and -Creative Industries - -� Mentoring, Training and Accelerator -Programmes for W, Y, DA - - - -DELIVERABLES - -� New Products -� Wealth Generation -� Transform Industries -� Increase Efficiency & Productivity -� Enhance Customer Service -� Diversify Consumer Experience -� Revenue Generation -� Diversity Al Economy -� Increase Trade -� E-Translation & Knowledge Services - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -72 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - - - -5. PRESERVATION - - - -DATA CAPTURE DATA PRESERVATION - -� Launch national I regional preservation programmes -� Establish national I regional data banks -� Recruit and train youth and creatives to handle data - - -DATA STORAGE - -� Ensure secure national I regional storage platforms -� Recruit and train youth and creatives to handle data - - - - - - - - - - - -6. SUSTAINABILITY - - - -SERVICE TO HUMANITY - -� Al as a tool - -� Establish Caribbean Al Governance Network - -� Establish Data banks in National Archives - -� Structural Improvements - -� Digitize Operations - - -CARIBBEAN Al GOVERNANCE NETWORK CARIBBEAN Al STANDARDS AUTHORITY Al R&D TECH FUND - - -� Clean public data - -� Prepare machine readable format (classify, label, archive and manage content -� Recruit and train youth and creatives in archival and data cleaning services - -DATA MONITIZATION - -� Augmented reality experiences - -� Increase financial literacy - -� 3D Mapping of Caribbean SIDS Capitals (28) -� (cultural I historical I social I environmental) - - - -DELIVERABLES - -� Accurate Digital Data -� Data Security -� Data Utility -� Virtual Tourism Experiences -� Cultural Heritage Preservation - - - - - -DATA PRESERVATION - -� Implement programmes leveraging Al in -Poverty Reduction - -� Clean Energy I Economic Development (Women and Youth) -� Reduce Digital Gender Gap I Upgrade -Systems Digitize operations - -� Automate decision-making - -� Reduce digital gender gap - -� Upgrade systems - - -DELIVERABLES - -� Cultural Preservation -� Predictive Analysis -� Increased Efficiency -� Sustainable Development - - - - -73 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -APPENDIX#6 - -FIGURES PAGE - -Figure 1 IDRC I CRDI Government Readiness Score 3 -Figure 2 Machine Learning 4 -Figure 3 Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap 6 -Figure 4 Characteristics of Al 13 -Figure 5 Visual Diagram of Elements of Artificial Intelligence 14 -Figure 6 PWC Al Report 15 -Figure 7 Machine Learning Tips 15 -Figure 8 Top 9 Ethical Issues in Artificial Intelligence 16 -Figure 9 Predicted regional gains from Al 20 -Figure 10 Caribbean Tradition 21 -Figure 11 Caribbean 28 SIDS 23 -Figure 12 UNESCO ROAM Principles for Internet Universality 35 -Figure 13 The Basic, Standard and Advanced 'Computer Skills of the Future' Pyramid 36 -Figure 14 Current Data Sources for Big Data 37 -Figure 15 Smart City Benefits 39 -Figure 16 Opportunities for Al in Caribbean Industries 40 -Figure 17 Caribbean SWOT Analysis 41 -Figure 18 Incentives support Al development and implementation across industries In Caribbean SIDS 44 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -74 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -APPENDIX#7 -Glossary - -Artificial Intelligence or Al systems - Artificial intelligence (Al) systems are software (and possibly also hardware) systems designed by humans -that, given a complex goal, act in the physical or digital dimension by perceiving their environment through data acquisition, interpreting the collected structured or unstructured data, reasoning on the knowledge, or processing the information, derived from this data and deciding the best action(s) to take to achieve the given goal. Al systems can either use symbolic rules or learn a numeric model, and they -can also adapt their behaviour by analysing how the environment is affected by their previous actions. As a scientific discipline, Al includes several approaches and techniques, such as machine learning (of which deep learning and reinforcement learning are specific examples), machine reasoning (which includes planning, scheduling, knowledge representation and reasoning, search, and optimization), and robotics (which includes control perception, sensors and actuators, as well as the integration of all other techniques into cyber� physical -systems). Humans design Al systems directly, but they may also use Al techniques to optimise their design. - -A separate document prepared by the Al HLEG -and elaborating on the definition of Al used for the purpose of this document is published in parallel, titled "A definition of Al: Main capabilities and scientifc disciplines". - -Al Practitioners - Individuals or organisations that develop (including research, design or provide data for) deploy (including implement) or use Al systems, excluding those that use Al systems in the capacity of end user or consumer. - -Al system's life cycle - An Al system's life cycle encompasses its development (including research, design, data provision, and limited trials), deployment (including implementation) and use phase. - -Auditability - Auditability refers to the ability of an Al system to undergo the assessment of the system's algorithms, data and design processes. This does not necessarily imply that information about business models and Intellectual Property related - -to the Al system must always be openly available. Ensuring traceability and logging mechanisms from the early design phase of the Al system can help enabling the system's auditability. - -Bias - Bias is an inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, object, or position. Bias can arise in many ways in Al systems. For example, in data� drive Al systems, such as those produced through -machine learning, bias in data collection and training can result in an Al system demonstrating bias. In -logic -based Al, such as rule-based systems, bias can arise due to how a knowledge engineer might view the rules that apply in a particular setting. Bias can also arise due to on line learning and adaptation through interaction. It can also arise through personalisation whereby users are presented -with recommendations or information feeds that are tailored to the user's tastes. It does not necessarily relate to human bias or human-driven data collection. It can arise, for example, through the limited contexts in which a system in used, in -which case there is no opportunity to generalise it to other contexts. Bias can be good or bad, intentional or unintentional. In certain cases, bias can result in discriminatory and/or unfair outcomes, indicated in this document as unfair bias. - -Broadband - In telecommunications, broadband is wide bandwidth data transmission which transports multiple signals and traffic types. The medium can -be coaxial cable, optical fiber, radio or twisted pair. In the context of Internet access, broadband is -used to mean any high-speed Internet access that -is always on and faster than dial-up access over traditional analog or ISDN PSTN services. - -Computer vision techniques - Techniques that provide computers with understanding of digital images or videos, such as for facial recognition. - -Data - Facts, figures or information that are used to train Al about humans and the world. - -Data Center - A data center or data centre is a building, dedicated space within a building, or -a group of buildings used to house computer -systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. - -Digital Economy - Digital economy refers to -an economy that is based on digital computing technologies, although we increasingly perceive this as conducting business through markets based - - - - -75 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -on the internet and the World Wide Web. The digital economy is also referred to as the Internet Economy, - -Digital Transformation - Digital transformation is the integration of digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing how you operate and deliver value to customers. - -Ethics - Ethics is an academic discipline which is -a subfield of philosophy. In general terms, it deals with questions like "What is a good action?", "What is the value of a human life?", "What is justice?", or "What is the good life?". In academic ethics, there are four major fields of research: (i) Meta-ethics, mostly concerning the meaning and reference -of normative sentence, and the question how their truth values can be determined (if they have any); (ii) normative ethics, the practical means of determining a moral course of action by examining the standards for right and wrong action and assigning a value to specific actions; (iii) descriptive ethics, which aims at an empirical investigation -of people's moral behaviour and beliefs; and (iv) -applied ethics, concerning what we are obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific (often historically new) situation or a particular domain of (often historically unprecedented) possibilities for action. Applied ethics deals with real-life situations, where decisions have to be made under time pressure, and often limited rationality. - -Al Ethics is generally viewed as an example of applied ethics and focuses on the normative issues raised by the design, development, implementation and use of Al. Within ethical discussions, the terms "moral" and "ethical" are often used. The term "moral" refers to the concrete, factual patterns of behaviour, the customs, and conventions that can -be found in specific cultures, groups, or individuals at a certain time. The term "ethical" refers to an evaluative assessment of such concrete actions and behaviours from a systematic, academic perspective. - -Ethical AI- Ethical Al is used to indicate the development, deployment and use of Al that ensures compliance with ethical norms, including fundamental rights as special moral entitlements, ethical principles and related core values. It is the second of the three core elements necessary for achieving Trustworthy Al. - -Human-Centric AI- The human-centric approach to -Al strives to ensure that human values are central to the way in which Al systems are developed, deployed, used and monitored, by ensuring respect for fundamental rights, including those -set out in the Treaties of the European Union and Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, all of which are united by reference to a common foundation rooted in respect for human dignity, in which the human being enjoy a unique and inalienable moral status. This also entails consideration of the natural environment and of other living -beings that are part of the human ecosystem, as well -as a sustainable approach enabling the flourishing of future generations to come. - -ldatary -coined by entertainer/tech investor Will I Am as" the marriage of my data and my identity - I'm what I like and what I don't like. I'm where I go. I'm who I know. I'm what I search. I am my thumbprint. -l am my data. That's who l am!" - -Machine learning - A programming technique in which a software system is provided thousands of examples of a concept and searches for patterns by itself. - -Natural language processing (NLP) - Systems -used, for example, by chatbots and voice assistants, are designed to understand and generate human language, either written or spoken. - -(Deep) neural networks - A number of information processing units that send information between each other, similarly to the way neurons work in the brain. Combined with ever-powerful computers and large amounts of data, this technique enables more efficient machine learning. - -Predictive analytics - Statistical techniques that analyse data to make predictions about unknown events or outcomes. - -Pattern recognition - The automated identification of regularities in data used, for example, for image processing or computer vision. - -Red Teaming- Red teaming is the practice whereby a "red team" or independent group challenges -an organisation to improve its effectiveness by assuming an adversarial role or point of view. It is particularly used to help identifying and addressing potential security vulnerabilities. - - - - -76 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -Reproducibility- Reproducibility describes whether an Al experiment exhibits the same behaviour when repeated under the same conditions. - -Robust Al - Robustness of an Al system encompasses both its technical robustness (appropriate in a given context, such as the application domain or life cycle phase) and as well as its robustness from a social perspective -(ensuring that the Al system duly takes into account -the context and environment in which the system operates). This is crucial to ensure that, even with good intentions, no unintentional harm can occur. Robustness is the third of the three components necessary for achieving Trustworthy Al. - -Stakeholders- By stakeholders we denote all those that research develop, design, deploy or use Al, as well as those that are (directly or indirectly) affected by AI - including but not limited to companies, organisations, researchers, public services, institutions, civil society organisations, governments, regulators, social partners, individuals, citizens, workers and consumers. - -Traceability- Traceability of an Al system refers -to the capability to keep track of the system's data, development and deployment processes, typically by means of documented recorded identification. - -Trust-"Trust is viewed as: (1)a set of specific beliefs dealing with benevolence, competence, integrity, and predictability (trusting beliefs); (2) the willingness of one party to depend on another in a risky situation (trusting intention); or (3) the combination of these elements." While "Trust" is usually not a property ascribed to machines, it is -important to stress the importance of being able to trust not only in the fact that Al systems are legally compliant, ethically adherent, and robust, but also that such trust can be ascribed to all people and processes involved in the Al system's life cycle. - -Trustworthy Al - Trustworthy Al has three components: (1) it should be lawful, ensuring compliance with all applicable laws and regulations (2) it should be ethical, demonstrating respect for, and ensure adherence to, ethical principles and values and (3) it should be robust, both from a technical and social perspective, since, even with good intentions, Al systems can cause unintentional harm. Trustworthy Al concerns not only the trustworthiness of the Al system itself but also -comprises the trustworthiness of all processes and - -actors that are part of the system's life cycle. - -Vulnerable Persons and Groups - No commonly accepted or widely agreed legal definition -of vulnerable persons exists, due to their heterogeneity. What constitutes a vulnerable -person or group is often context-specific. Temporary life events (such as childhood or illness), market factors (such as information asymmetry or market power), economic factors (such as poverty), factors linked to one's identity (such as gender, religion, or culture) or other factors can play a role. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU encompasses -under Article 21 on non-discrimination the -following grounds, which can be a reference point amongst others: namely sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion, or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age -and sexual orientation. Other articles of law address the rights of specific groups, in addition to those listed above. Any such list is not exhaustive and may change over time. A vulnerable group is a group of persons who share one or several characteristics of vulnerability. - - - - -77 -UNESCO Caribbean Al Policy Roadmap - - - -BIBLIOGRAPHY - -Aguerre, C. (2021, February 18). Artificial Intelli� gence: Opportunities to Accelerate Human Progress For Sustainable Development [Forum Presentation]. UNESCO Caribbean Al Initiative, Kingston, Jamaica. https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v= FSY4rAgpl Fe - -Barrow, M. 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