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"""Complex class example with properties, decorators, and advanced features.""" |
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from datetime import datetime |
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from typing import Optional, List |
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class Product: |
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"""Product class with advanced Python features.""" |
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total_products = 0 |
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def __init__(self, name: str, price: float, category: str): |
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self._name = name |
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self._price = price |
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self._category = category |
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self._created_at = datetime.now() |
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self._discount = 0.0 |
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Product.total_products += 1 |
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@property |
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def name(self) -> str: |
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"""Product name property.""" |
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return self._name |
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@name.setter |
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def name(self, value: str): |
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if not value.strip(): |
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raise ValueError("Product name cannot be empty") |
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self._name = value |
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@property |
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def price(self) -> float: |
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"""Product price with discount applied.""" |
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return self._price * (1 - self._discount) |
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@property |
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def original_price(self) -> float: |
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"""Original price before discount.""" |
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return self._price |
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@original_price.setter |
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def original_price(self, value: float): |
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if value < 0: |
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raise ValueError("Price cannot be negative") |
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self._price = value |
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def apply_discount(self, percentage: float): |
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"""Apply discount percentage.""" |
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if 0 <= percentage <= 100: |
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self._discount = percentage / 100 |
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@staticmethod |
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def validate_category(category: str) -> bool: |
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"""Validate if category is allowed.""" |
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allowed_categories = ["electronics", "clothing", "books", "food"] |
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return category.lower() in allowed_categories |
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@classmethod |
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def create_book(cls, title: str, price: float): |
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"""Factory method to create a book product.""" |
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return cls(title, price, "books") |
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@classmethod |
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def get_total_products(cls) -> int: |
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"""Get total number of products created.""" |
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return cls.total_products |
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def __str__(self) -> str: |
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return f"{self._name} - ${self.price:.2f}" |
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def __repr__(self) -> str: |
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return f"Product(name='{self._name}', price={self._price}, category='{self._category}')" |
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