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Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
Copyright (C) 2004-2026 The Stockfish developers (see AUTHORS file)
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "memory.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#if __has_include("features.h")
#include <features.h>
#endif
#if defined(__linux__) && !defined(__ANDROID__)
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) \
|| (defined(__GLIBCXX__) && !defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_ALIGNED_ALLOC) && !defined(_WIN32)) \
|| defined(__e2k__)
#define POSIXALIGNEDALLOC
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
#if _WIN32_WINNT < 0x0601
#undef _WIN32_WINNT
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601 // Force to include needed API prototypes
#endif
#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
#include <ios> // std::hex, std::dec
#include <iostream> // std::cerr
#include <ostream> // std::endl
#include <windows.h>
// The needed Windows API for processor groups could be missed from old Windows
// versions, so instead of calling them directly (forcing the linker to resolve
// the calls at compile time), try to load them at runtime. To do this we need
// first to define the corresponding function pointers.
#endif
namespace Stockfish {
// Wrappers for systems where the c++17 implementation does not guarantee the
// availability of aligned_alloc(). Memory allocated with std_aligned_alloc()
// must be freed with std_aligned_free().
void* std_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size) {
#if defined(_ISOC11_SOURCE)
return aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
#elif defined(POSIXALIGNEDALLOC)
void* mem = nullptr;
posix_memalign(&mem, alignment, size);
return mem;
#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_M_ARM) && !defined(_M_ARM64)
return _mm_malloc(size, alignment);
#elif defined(_WIN32)
return _aligned_malloc(size, alignment);
#else
return std::aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
#endif
}
void std_aligned_free(void* ptr) {
#if defined(POSIXALIGNEDALLOC)
free(ptr);
#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_M_ARM) && !defined(_M_ARM64)
_mm_free(ptr);
#elif defined(_WIN32)
_aligned_free(ptr);
#else
free(ptr);
#endif
}
// aligned_large_pages_alloc() will return suitably aligned memory,
// if possible using large pages.
#if defined(_WIN32)
static void* aligned_large_pages_alloc_windows([[maybe_unused]] size_t allocSize) {
return windows_try_with_large_page_priviliges(
[&](size_t largePageSize) {
// Round up size to full pages and allocate
allocSize = (allocSize + largePageSize - 1) & ~size_t(largePageSize - 1);
return VirtualAlloc(nullptr, allocSize, MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT | MEM_LARGE_PAGES,
PAGE_READWRITE);
},
[]() { return (void*) nullptr; });
}
void* aligned_large_pages_alloc(size_t allocSize) {
// Try to allocate large pages
void* mem = aligned_large_pages_alloc_windows(allocSize);
// Fall back to regular, page-aligned, allocation if necessary
if (!mem)
mem = VirtualAlloc(nullptr, allocSize, MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
return mem;
}
#else
void* aligned_large_pages_alloc(size_t allocSize) {
#if defined(__linux__)
constexpr size_t alignment = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2MB page size assumed
#else
constexpr size_t alignment = 4096; // small page size assumed
#endif
// Round up to multiples of alignment
size_t size = ((allocSize + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment;
void* mem = std_aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
#if defined(MADV_HUGEPAGE)
madvise(mem, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
#endif
return mem;
}
#endif
bool has_large_pages() {
#if defined(_WIN32)
constexpr size_t page_size = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2MB page size assumed
void* mem = aligned_large_pages_alloc_windows(page_size);
if (mem == nullptr)
{
return false;
}
else
{
aligned_large_pages_free(mem);
return true;
}
#elif defined(__linux__)
#if defined(MADV_HUGEPAGE)
return true;
#else
return false;
#endif
#else
return false;
#endif
}
// aligned_large_pages_free() will free the previously memory allocated
// by aligned_large_pages_alloc(). The effect is a nop if mem == nullptr.
#if defined(_WIN32)
void aligned_large_pages_free(void* mem) {
if (mem && !VirtualFree(mem, 0, MEM_RELEASE))
{
DWORD err = GetLastError();
std::cerr << "Failed to free large page memory. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << err
<< std::dec << std::endl;
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
#else
void aligned_large_pages_free(void* mem) { std_aligned_free(mem); }
#endif
} // namespace Stockfish
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