# Intro to Business Analytics - With Python. Module 1

import os
import io
import csv
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import streamlit as st

from typing import List, Tuple
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler, OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression, LogisticRegression
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score, mean_absolute_error, mean_squared_error, accuracy_score, roc_auc_score

# ---------- Helpers ----------
def rmse_compat(y_true, y_pred):
    """RMSE compatible with old/new scikit-learn."""
    try:
        return float(mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred, squared=False))
    except TypeError:
        return float(np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred)))

@st.cache_data(show_spinner=False)
def load_demo_csv():
    """Load built-in demo; prefer realistic if present."""
    for path in ["/mnt/data/sample_data_realistic.csv", "/mnt/data/sample_data.csv"]:
        if os.path.exists(path):
            try:
                return pd.read_csv(path, parse_dates=["week"])
            except Exception:
                try:
                    return pd.read_csv(path)
                except Exception:
                    pass
    return pd.DataFrame()

def load_uploaded_csv_or_excel(up, desired_parse_cols):
    """
    Robustly read uploaded file as CSV (auto-sep, encoding) or Excel.
    Only convert to datetime for columns that actually exist.
    """
    name = (up.name or "").lower()

    # Excel first
    if name.endswith((".xlsx", ".xls")):
        up.seek(0)
        df = pd.read_excel(up)
        for c in (desired_parse_cols or []):
            if c in df.columns:
                df[c] = pd.to_datetime(df[c], errors="coerce")
        return df

    # CSV: sniff delimiter + encoding
    up.seek(0)
    head_bytes = up.read(8192)
    try:
        head_text = head_bytes.decode("utf-8")
        encoding_used = "utf-8"
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        head_text = head_bytes.decode("latin-1", errors="replace")
        encoding_used = "latin-1"

    try:
        dialect = csv.Sniffer().sniff(head_text, delimiters=",;\t|")
        sep = dialect.delimiter
    except Exception:
        sep = ","

    # Read once without parse_dates
    up.seek(0)
    try:
        df = pd.read_csv(up, sep=sep, encoding=encoding_used)
    except pd.errors.EmptyDataError:
        st.error("The uploaded file appears to be empty.")
        return pd.DataFrame()
    except Exception:
        # last resort: python engine auto-sep
        up.seek(0)
        try:
            df = pd.read_csv(up, sep=None, engine="python", encoding=encoding_used)
        except Exception:
            st.error("Could not read the uploaded file as CSV or Excel. It might use an unusual delimiter/encoding, or be corrupted.")
            st.caption("First 256 bytes (for debugging):")
            st.code(head_text[:256])
            return pd.DataFrame()

    # Convert only present date cols
    for c in (desired_parse_cols or []):
        if c in df.columns:
            df[c] = pd.to_datetime(df[c], errors="coerce")

    return df

def infer_types(df: pd.DataFrame):
    num = df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number]).columns.tolist()
    dt = df.select_dtypes(include=["datetime64[ns]", "datetime64[ns, UTC]"]).columns.tolist()
    cat = [c for c in df.columns if c not in num + dt]
    return num, cat, dt

def winsorize_series(s: pd.Series, lower_q: float, upper_q: float) -> pd.Series:
    lo, hi = s.quantile(lower_q), s.quantile(upper_q)
    return s.clip(lower=lo, upper=hi)

def build_preprocessor(feature_names, df_context, standardize: bool):
    """Imputation + (optional) scaling + OHE; drops all-NaN columns."""
    feature_names = [c for c in feature_names if df_context[c].notna().any()]
    numX = [c for c in feature_names if pd.api.types.is_numeric_dtype(df_context[c])]
    catX = [c for c in feature_names if c not in numX]

    # OneHotEncoder API compatibility
    try:
        ohe = OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown="ignore", sparse_output=True)
    except TypeError:
        ohe = OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown="ignore", sparse=True)

    transformers = []
    if numX:
        from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline as _P
        num_pipe = _P([
            ("imputer", SimpleImputer(strategy="median")),
            ("scaler", StandardScaler(with_mean=False) if standardize else "passthrough"),
        ])
        transformers.append(("num", num_pipe, numX))
    if catX:
        from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline as _P
        cat_pipe = _P([
            ("imputer", SimpleImputer(strategy="most_frequent")),
            ("ohe", ohe),
        ])
        transformers.append(("cat", cat_pipe, catX))
    return ColumnTransformer(transformers=transformers, remainder="drop")

# ---------- Page ----------
st.set_page_config(page_title="Intro to Business Analytics - Python Demo", page_icon="📈", layout="wide")
st.title("📈 Intro to Business Analytics - Python Demo")
with st.expander("👋 Getting started / What this app does", expanded=True):
    st.markdown(
        "- **Choose data**: built-in demo or upload CSV/Excel.\n"
        "- **Map columns**: select date/region and targets.\n"
        "- **Explore**: time series, breakdowns, correlations.\n"
        "- **Model**: regression or classification with preprocessing.\n"
        "- **What-If**: tweak *any* model features and see predicted impact.\n"
        "- **Downloads**: preview, predictions, scores, scenarios."
    )

# ===== Sidebar: Data source =====
st.sidebar.header("Controls")
data_mode = st.sidebar.radio("Data Source", ["Demo dataset", "Upload file"])
if data_mode == "Upload file":
    up = st.sidebar.file_uploader("Upload CSV or Excel", type=["csv", "xlsx", "xls"])
    date_cols_text = st.sidebar.text_input("Date column(s) to parse (comma-separated)", "week")
    if up is not None:
        parse = [c.strip() for c in date_cols_text.split(",") if c.strip()]
        df_raw = load_uploaded_csv_or_excel(up, parse)
        if df_raw.empty:
            st.warning("The uploaded file produced an empty table after parsing. Check delimiter/encoding, or try a different file.")
    else:
        st.sidebar.info("Using demo until a file is uploaded.")
        df_raw = load_demo_csv()
else:
    # DEMO branch ALWAYS defines df_raw
    df_raw = load_demo_csv()

# ===== Sidebar: Column mapping =====
with st.sidebar.expander("Column Mapping", True):
    all_cols = df_raw.columns.tolist()

    # date column
    default_date_idx = (all_cols.index("week")+1) if "week" in all_cols else 0
    date_col = st.selectbox("Date column (optional)", ["<none>"] + all_cols, index=default_date_idx)
    date_field = None if date_col == "<none>" else date_col

    # region column
    default_region_idx = (all_cols.index("region")+1) if "region" in all_cols else 0
    region_col = st.selectbox("Region column (optional)", ["<none>"] + all_cols, index=default_region_idx)
    region_field = None if region_col == "<none>" else region_col

    # targets
    numeric_cols_all = df_raw.select_dtypes(include=[np.number]).columns.tolist()
    binary_cols = [c for c in numeric_cols_all if df_raw[c].dropna().isin([0,1]).all()]

    reg_default_idx = (numeric_cols_all.index("revenue_next_week")+1) if "revenue_next_week" in numeric_cols_all else 0
    reg_target = st.selectbox("Regression target", ["<none>"] + numeric_cols_all, index=reg_default_idx)
    reg_target = None if reg_target == "<none>" else reg_target

    clf_default_idx = (binary_cols.index("churn_4w")+1) if "churn_4w" in binary_cols else 0
    clf_target = st.selectbox("Classification target (binary 0/1)", ["<none>"] + binary_cols, index=clf_default_idx)
    clf_target = None if clf_target == "<none>" else clf_target

# ===== Sidebar: Prep, Filters, Modeling =====
with st.sidebar.expander("Data Prep", True):
    lower_q = st.slider("Outlier floor (winsorize)", 0.0, 0.2, 0.01, step=0.01)
    upper_q = st.slider("Outlier cap (winsorize)", 0.8, 1.0, 0.99, step=0.01)
    smoothing = st.slider("Smoothing window (periods)", 1, 8, 1)
    agg_grain = st.selectbox("Aggregation granularity", ["none (row)", "date"])

with st.sidebar.expander("Filters", False):
    if date_field and pd.api.types.is_datetime64_any_dtype(df_raw.get(date_field, pd.Series([], dtype="datetime64[ns]"))):
        min_d, max_d = df_raw[date_field].min(), df_raw[date_field].max()
        try:
            date_range = st.date_input("Date range", (min_d.date(), max_d.date()))
        except Exception:
            date_range = None
    else:
        date_range = None
    if region_field:
        region_vals = sorted(df_raw[region_field].dropna().unique().tolist())
        regions_sel = st.multiselect("Region filter", region_vals, default=region_vals if region_vals else [])
    else:
        regions_sel = []

with st.sidebar.expander("Modeling", False):
    task = st.selectbox("Task", ["Regression", "Classification"])
    test_size = st.slider("Test size", 0.1, 0.5, 0.2, step=0.05)
    standardize = st.checkbox("Standardize numeric features", True)

# ===== Data overview & prep =====
df = df_raw.copy()

# date filter
if date_field and date_range:
    try:
        start_d, end_d = pd.to_datetime(date_range[0]), pd.to_datetime(date_range[1])
        df = df[(df[date_field] >= start_d) & (df[date_field] <= end_d)]
    except Exception:
        pass

# region filter
if region_field and regions_sel:
    df = df[df[region_field].isin(regions_sel)]

# types & winsorize
num_cols, cat_cols, dt_cols = infer_types(df)
for c in num_cols:
    try:
        df[c] = winsorize_series(df[c], lower_q, upper_q)
    except Exception:
        pass

# aggregation
if agg_grain == "date" and (date_field in df.columns):
    group_cols = [date_field] + ([region_field] if region_field in df.columns else [])
    agg = {c: ("mean" if ("rate" in c or "pct" in c) else "sum") for c in num_cols if c != date_field}
    if agg:
        df = df.groupby(group_cols, as_index=False).agg(agg)

# smoothing
if smoothing > 1 and (date_field in df.columns):
    df = df.sort_values(date_field).reset_index(drop=True)
    for c in num_cols:
        if c != date_field:
            try:
                df[c] = df[c].rolling(smoothing, min_periods=1).mean()
            except Exception:
                pass

# Overview
st.subheader("📁 Data Overview")
c1, c2, c3, c4 = st.columns(4)
with c1: st.metric("Rows", f"{len(df):,}")
with c2: st.metric("Columns", f"{len(df.columns):,}")
with c3: st.metric("Numeric", f"{len(num_cols):,}")
with c4: st.metric("Categorical", f"{len(cat_cols):,}")
with st.expander("Preview dataframe"):
    st.dataframe(df.head(50).round(2), use_container_width=True)
    csv_preview = df.head(1000).round(2).to_csv(index=False).encode("utf-8")
    st.download_button("Download preview (CSV)", data=csv_preview, file_name="preview.csv", mime="text/csv")

# ===== Descriptive =====
st.header("1) Descriptive Analytics")
tab_ts, tab_break, tab_corr = st.tabs(["Time Series","Breakdowns","Correlations"])

with tab_ts:
    if date_field in df.columns:
        y_opt = [c for c in num_cols if c != date_field]
        if y_opt:
            y_metric = st.selectbox("Metric", y_opt, index=min(1, len(y_opt)-1))
            by = st.multiselect("Stratify by", [region_field] if region_field in df.columns else [])
            if by:
                for k, sub in df.groupby(by):
                    st.line_chart(sub.set_index(date_field)[y_metric], height=240)
            else:
                st.line_chart(df.set_index(date_field)[y_metric], height=300)
    else:
        st.info("No date column selected. Choose one in Column Mapping to enable time series.")

with tab_break:
    if region_field in df.columns:
        measure = st.selectbox("Measure", [c for c in num_cols if c != date_field] or num_cols)
        pivot = df.groupby(region_field, as_index=False)[measure].sum().sort_values(measure, ascending=False)
        st.bar_chart(pivot.set_index(region_field)[measure], height=300)
        st.dataframe(pivot.round(2), use_container_width=True)
    else:
        st.info("No region column selected.")

with tab_corr:
    if len(num_cols) >= 2:
        corr = df[num_cols].corr(numeric_only=True)
        st.dataframe(corr.round(2), use_container_width=True)  # enforce 2 decimals
    else:
        st.info("Not enough numeric columns to compute correlations.")

# ===== Inferential =====
st.header("2) Inferential Analytics")
if len(num_cols) >= 2:
    y_opt = [c for c in num_cols if c != date_field]
    if y_opt:
        y = st.selectbox("Y (outcome)", y_opt, index=0)
        x = st.selectbox("X (feature)", [c for c in y_opt if c != y], index=0)
        st.scatter_chart(df[[x, y]], x=x, y=y, height=300)
        try:
            r = df[[x, y]].corr().iloc[0, 1]
            st.caption(f"Pearson r ≈ {r:.2f}")
        except Exception:
            st.caption("Pearson r not available for the selected columns.")
else:
    st.info("Need at least two numeric columns.")

# ===== Predictive Modeling =====
st.header("3) Predictive Modeling")

# Regression
if task == "Regression":
    if not reg_target:
        st.warning("Pick a regression target in Column Mapping.")
    elif reg_target not in df.columns:
        st.warning(f"Regression target '{reg_target}' not found in data.")
    else:
        features = [c for c in df.columns if c not in [reg_target, date_field] and not pd.api.types.is_datetime64_any_dtype(df[c])]
        features = [c for c in features if df[c].notna().any()]  # remove all-NaN features
        if len(df.dropna(subset=[reg_target])) < 50:
            st.warning("Not enough rows for modeling after filtering.")
        else:
            pre = build_preprocessor(features, df, standardize)
            model = LinearRegression()
            pipe = Pipeline([("prep", pre), ("model", model)])

            train_df = df.dropna(subset=[reg_target]).copy()
            X, yv = train_df[features], train_df[reg_target]
            try:
                X_tr, X_te, y_tr, y_te = train_test_split(X, yv, test_size=test_size, random_state=42)
            except ValueError:
                st.warning("Could not split the data; try lowering the test size or checking the target.")
            else:
                pipe.fit(X_tr, y_tr)
                pred = pipe.predict(X_te)
                r2 = r2_score(y_te, pred)
                mae = mean_absolute_error(y_te, pred)
                rmse = rmse_compat(y_te, pred)

                m1, m2, m3 = st.columns(3)
                with m1: st.metric("R² (test)", f"{r2:0.2f}")
                with m2: st.metric("MAE", f"{mae:,.2f}")
                with m3: st.metric("RMSE", f"{rmse:,.2f}")

                preds_df = pd.DataFrame({"y_true": y_te, "y_pred": pred}).reset_index(drop=True).round(2)
                with st.expander("Predictions vs. Actuals"):
                    st.dataframe(preds_df, use_container_width=True)
                    st.download_button("Download predictions (CSV)", data=preds_df.to_csv(index=False).encode("utf-8"),
                                       file_name="regression_predictions.csv", mime="text/csv")

                # Persist model & baseline for What-If
                st.session_state["reg_pipe"] = pipe
                st.session_state["reg_features"] = features

                numX = [c for c in features if pd.api.types.is_numeric_dtype(train_df[c])]
                catX = [c for c in features if c not in numX]
                base_vals = {}
                for c in numX:
                    base_vals[c] = float(train_df[c].mean())
                for c in catX:
                    try:
                        base_vals[c] = train_df[c].mode(dropna=True).iloc[0]
                    except Exception:
                        base_vals[c] = train_df[c].dropna().iloc[0] if len(train_df[c].dropna()) else None
                baseline_row = pd.DataFrame([base_vals], columns=features)
                st.session_state["reg_baseline_row"] = baseline_row

# Classification
else:
    if not clf_target:
        st.warning("Pick a classification target (binary 0/1) in Column Mapping.")
    elif clf_target not in df.columns:
        st.warning(f"Classification target '{clf_target}' not found in data.")
    elif not df[clf_target].dropna().isin([0,1]).all():
        st.warning("Selected classification target is not binary 0/1.")
    else:
        features = [c for c in df.columns if c not in [clf_target, date_field] and not pd.api.types.is_datetime64_any_dtype(df[c])]
        features = [c for c in features if df[c].notna().any()]
        if len(df.dropna(subset=[clf_target])) < 50:
            st.warning("Not enough rows for modeling after filtering.")
        else:
            pre = build_preprocessor(features, df, standardize)
            model = LogisticRegression(max_iter=1000)
            pipe = Pipeline([("prep", pre), ("model", model)])

            train_df = df.dropna(subset=[clf_target]).copy()
            X, yv = train_df[features], train_df[clf_target]
            strat = yv if yv.nunique() == 2 else None
            try:
                X_tr, X_te, y_tr, y_te = train_test_split(X, yv, test_size=test_size, random_state=42, stratify=strat)
            except ValueError:
                st.warning("Could not split the data; ensure both classes are present after filtering.")
            else:
                pipe.fit(X_tr, y_tr)
                proba = pipe.predict_proba(X_te)[:, 1]
                pred = (proba >= 0.5).astype(int)
                acc = accuracy_score(y_te, pred)
                try:
                    auc = roc_auc_score(y_te, proba) if len(np.unique(y_te)) == 2 else float("nan")
                except Exception:
                    auc = float("nan")
                m1, m2 = st.columns(2)
                with m1: st.metric("Accuracy", f"{acc:0.2f}")
                with m2: st.metric("ROC AUC", f"{auc:0.2f}")

                scores_df = pd.DataFrame({"y_true": y_te, "p_hat": proba, "y_pred": pred}).reset_index(drop=True).round(2)
                with st.expander("Scores (y_true, p_hat, y_pred)"):
                    st.dataframe(scores_df, use_container_width=True)
                    st.download_button("Download classification scores (CSV)",
                                       data=scores_df.to_csv(index=False).encode("utf-8"),
                                       file_name="classification_scores.csv", mime="text/csv")

# ===== Explanatory / What-If =====
st.header("4) Explanatory & What-If (Model-Driven)")

pipe = st.session_state.get("reg_pipe")
features = st.session_state.get("reg_features")
baseline_row = st.session_state.get("reg_baseline_row")

if pipe is not None and features is not None and baseline_row is not None:
    st.caption("Pick any features (from the trained model) to modify and see the predicted impact.")
    selectable = features
    default_choices = [c for c in selectable if c in ["spend_search","discount_pct","site_errors"]][:3]
    chosen = st.multiselect("What-If features", selectable, default=default_choices)
    scenario_row = baseline_row.copy()

    for feat in chosen:
        if pd.api.types.is_numeric_dtype(baseline_row[feat]):
            series = df[feat].dropna() if feat in df.columns else pd.Series([baseline_row[feat].iloc[0]])
            mean = float(series.mean()) if len(series) else float(baseline_row[feat].iloc[0])
            std = float(series.std()) if len(series) else 0.0
            if 0.0 <= mean <= 1.0 and (len(series)==0 or (series.min() >= 0.0 and series.max() <= 1.0)):
                val = st.slider(f"{feat} (0–1)", 0.0, 1.0, float(baseline_row[feat].iloc[0]), step=0.01)
            else:
                lo = round(mean - 2*std, 2); hi = round(mean + 2*std, 2)
                if lo == hi: hi = lo + 1.0
                step = max(0.01, (hi-lo)/100.0)
                val = st.slider(f"{feat} (absolute)", lo, hi, float(baseline_row[feat].iloc[0]), step=step)
            scenario_row[feat] = val
        else:
            opts = sorted(df[feat].dropna().unique().tolist()) if feat in df.columns else sorted(baseline_row[feat].dropna().unique().tolist())
            default = baseline_row[feat].iloc[0] if feat in baseline_row.columns else (opts[0] if opts else None)
            idx = (opts.index(default) if (opts and default in opts) else 0) if opts else 0
            val = st.selectbox(f"{feat} (category)", opts if opts else [default], index=idx)
            scenario_row[feat] = val

    try:
        base_pred = float(pipe.predict(baseline_row)[0])
        new_pred = float(pipe.predict(scenario_row)[0])
        delta = new_pred - base_pred
        c1, c2 = st.columns(2)
        with c1: st.metric("Baseline (model prediction)", f"{base_pred:,.2f}")
        with c2: st.metric("What-If (model prediction)", f"{new_pred:,.2f}", delta=f"{delta:,.2f}")
    except Exception as e:
        st.warning(f"Could not compute predictions for scenario: {e}")
else:
    st.info("Train the regression model in Section 3 to enable a model-driven What-If.")