apingali commited on
Commit
3cd35a6
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1 Parent(s): 67bc0e3

Transform space into SMC educational learning resource

Browse files

- Add Learn SMC tab with infographic and 4-section explanation
- Add soft constraints implementation with weighted resampling
- Rename Analytics to Our Experiments with experimental journey
- Add Qwen2.5-7B benchmark results (76.7% with soft constraints)
- Improve translator tab with clearer problem/solution framing

Files changed (4) hide show
  1. .gitattributes +1 -0
  2. Sequential_monte_carlo.png +3 -0
  3. app.py +492 -283
  4. benchmark_data.json +109 -4
.gitattributes CHANGED
@@ -33,3 +33,4 @@ saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  *.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  *tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 
 
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  *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  *.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
35
  *tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ *.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
Sequential_monte_carlo.png ADDED

Git LFS Details

  • SHA256: 688a5ff60b2b8a5165db73fa7487b6ee78968c9412758a798f6b116adc6b0687
  • Pointer size: 132 Bytes
  • Size of remote file: 6.71 MB
app.py CHANGED
@@ -1,60 +1,63 @@
1
  """
2
- The Plain-English Translator 🗣️
3
- A Sequential Monte Carlo approach to translating professional jargon into plain language.
4
 
5
- This tool helps professionals (lawyers, doctors, engineers, financial advisors) explain
6
- complex concepts to clients without using industry-specific terminology.
 
7
  """
8
 
9
  import torch
10
  import gradio as gr
11
  from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
12
  import random
13
- import spaces
14
  import json
15
  import os
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16
 
17
  # Load benchmark data
18
  BENCHMARK_DATA_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "benchmark_data.json")
19
  with open(BENCHMARK_DATA_PATH, "r") as f:
20
  BENCHMARK_DATA = json.load(f)
21
 
 
 
 
22
  # ============================================================================
23
  # MODEL SETUP
24
  # ============================================================================
25
 
26
- # Available models - users can select from these
27
  AVAILABLE_MODELS = {
28
- "TinyLlama-1.1B (Open, Fast)": "TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0",
29
- "Qwen2-0.5B (Open, Fastest)": "Qwen/Qwen2-0.5B-Instruct",
30
- "Gemma-2-2B (Gated, Requires HF Login)": "google/gemma-2-2b-it",
 
 
31
  }
32
 
33
- # Cache for loaded models
34
  loaded_models = {}
35
  loaded_tokenizers = {}
36
 
37
  def load_model(model_name: str):
38
- """
39
- Lazy load the model to avoid memory issues during startup.
40
- Models are cached after first load.
41
- """
42
  model_id = AVAILABLE_MODELS.get(model_name, "TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0")
43
-
44
  if model_id not in loaded_tokenizers:
45
  loaded_tokenizers[model_id] = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
46
-
47
  if model_id not in loaded_models:
48
  loaded_models[model_id] = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
49
- model_id,
50
- device_map="auto",
51
- torch_dtype=torch.float16
52
  )
53
-
54
  return loaded_tokenizers[model_id], loaded_models[model_id]
55
 
56
  # ============================================================================
57
- # JARGON DICTIONARIES BY PROFESSION
58
  # ============================================================================
59
 
60
  JARGON_DICTIONARIES = {
@@ -89,18 +92,13 @@ JARGON_DICTIONARIES = {
89
  }
90
 
91
  # ============================================================================
92
- # SMC CORE LOGIC
93
  # ============================================================================
94
 
95
  def is_safe(text: str, banned_words: list) -> bool:
96
- """
97
- Checks if the generated text contains any banned jargon.
98
- Returns True if the text is 'safe' (no jargon found).
99
- """
100
  text_lower = text.lower()
101
  for word in banned_words:
102
  word_lower = word.lower()
103
- # Check for the word as a standalone word with various endings
104
  if (f" {word_lower} " in f" {text_lower} " or
105
  f" {word_lower}." in f" {text_lower}" or
106
  f" {word_lower}," in f" {text_lower}" or
@@ -112,7 +110,6 @@ def is_safe(text: str, banned_words: list) -> bool:
112
  return True
113
 
114
  def find_jargon_used(text: str, banned_words: list) -> list:
115
- """Returns a list of banned words found in the text."""
116
  text_lower = text.lower()
117
  found = []
118
  for word in banned_words:
@@ -127,197 +124,366 @@ def find_jargon_used(text: str, banned_words: list) -> list:
127
  found.append(word)
128
  return found
129
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
130
  @spaces.GPU
131
  def smc_translate(
132
  concept: str,
133
  profession: str,
134
  custom_banned_words: str = "",
135
- model_name: str = "TinyLlama-1.1B (Open, Fast)",
136
  num_particles: int = 5,
137
  max_steps: int = 20,
138
- tokens_per_step: int = 4,
 
139
  progress=gr.Progress()
140
  ) -> tuple:
141
- """
142
- Sequential Monte Carlo translation with particle filtering.
143
-
144
- The key insight: Instead of generating text greedily (one token at a time),
145
- we maintain multiple 'particles' (candidate generations) and prune any that
146
- use forbidden jargon. This forces the model to find alternative phrasings.
147
- """
148
  tokenizer, model_inst = load_model(model_name)
 
149
 
150
- # Build banned words list
151
  banned_words = JARGON_DICTIONARIES.get(profession, []).copy()
152
  if custom_banned_words.strip():
153
  custom_list = [w.strip() for w in custom_banned_words.split(",") if w.strip()]
154
  banned_words.extend(custom_list)
155
 
156
- # Construct the prompt
157
  prompt = f"""You are an expert {profession.lower()} professional explaining a concept to a client with no background in your field.
158
 
159
  Rules:
160
  - Explain as if talking to a curious 10-year-old
161
  - Use a concrete, relatable real-world example to illustrate the concept
162
- - Avoid redundancy (don't say "X is Y such as Y")
163
  - Keep it concise: 2-3 sentences max
164
 
165
  Concept to explain: {concept}
166
 
167
  Simple explanation with example:"""
168
 
169
- # Initialize particles
170
  particles = [prompt]
171
  trace_log = []
172
- trace_log.append(f"🚀 Starting SMC Translation")
173
- trace_log.append(f"🤖 Model: {model_name}")
174
- trace_log.append(f"📋 Concept: {concept}")
175
- trace_log.append(f"🚫 Banned words: {len(banned_words)} terms")
176
- trace_log.append(f"🔢 Particles: {num_particles}, Max steps: {max_steps}")
177
- trace_log.append("-" * 50)
178
-
179
- for step in progress.tqdm(range(max_steps), desc="Translating"):
 
 
 
 
 
180
  candidates = []
181
 
182
- # EXPLORE: Expand each particle with multiple continuations
183
  for particle in particles:
184
  inputs = tokenizer(particle, return_tensors="pt").to(model_inst.device)
185
-
186
  with torch.no_grad():
187
  outputs = model_inst.generate(
188
  **inputs,
189
  max_new_tokens=tokens_per_step,
190
  num_return_sequences=3,
191
  do_sample=True,
192
- temperature=0.8,
193
- top_p=0.9,
194
  pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
195
  )
196
-
197
  for out in outputs:
198
  decoded = tokenizer.decode(out, skip_special_tokens=True)
199
  candidates.append(decoded)
200
 
201
- # FILTER: Prune paths that contain jargon
202
- valid_candidates = []
203
- pruned_count = 0
204
 
205
- for candidate in candidates:
206
- if is_safe(candidate, banned_words):
207
- valid_candidates.append(candidate)
208
- else:
209
- pruned_count += 1
210
- jargon_found = find_jargon_used(candidate, banned_words)
211
- trace_log.append(f"✂️ Step {step+1}: Pruned path using: {jargon_found}")
212
-
213
- # RESAMPLE: Keep the best valid paths
214
- if valid_candidates:
215
- # Deduplicate and sample
216
- unique_candidates = list(set(valid_candidates))
217
- random.shuffle(unique_candidates)
218
- particles = unique_candidates[:num_particles]
219
-
220
- if pruned_count > 0:
221
- trace_log.append(f"✅ Step {step+1}: Kept {len(particles)} particles, pruned {pruned_count}")
222
  else:
223
- # All paths used jargon - this is the SMC "particle death" scenario
224
- trace_log.append(f"⚠️ Step {step+1}: All {len(candidates)} paths used jargon! Stopping early.")
225
- break
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
226
 
227
- # Check for natural stopping (end of sentence)
228
  current_text = particles[0].split("Simple explanation with example:")[-1].strip()
229
- if current_text.endswith(('.', '!', '?')) and len(current_text) > 50:
230
- trace_log.append(f"🏁 Step {step+1}: Natural stopping point reached.")
231
  break
232
 
233
- # Extract the final explanation
234
- final_text = particles[0].split("Simple explanation with example:")[-1].strip()
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
235
 
236
- # Final jargon check
237
  final_jargon = find_jargon_used(final_text, banned_words)
238
  if final_jargon:
239
- trace_log.append(f"\n⚠️ Warning: Final output still contains: {final_jargon}")
240
  else:
241
- trace_log.append(f"\n✨ Success! No jargon detected in final output.")
242
-
243
- trace_output = "\n".join(trace_log)
244
 
245
- return final_text, trace_output, ", ".join(banned_words)
246
-
247
- def greedy_baseline(concept: str, profession: str) -> str:
248
- """
249
- Standard greedy generation for comparison.
250
- Shows how a normal LLM would respond (likely with jargon).
251
- """
252
- tokenizer, model_inst = load_model()
253
-
254
- prompt = f"""You are an expert {profession.lower()} professional who needs to explain a concept to a client who has no background in your field. Explain it as if talking to a curious 10-year-old.
255
-
256
- Concept to explain: {concept}
257
-
258
- Simple explanation:"""
259
-
260
- inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model_inst.device)
261
-
262
- with torch.no_grad():
263
- outputs = model_inst.generate(
264
- **inputs,
265
- max_new_tokens=150,
266
- do_sample=True,
267
- temperature=0.7,
268
- pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
269
- )
270
-
271
- decoded = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
272
- return decoded.split("Simple explanation:")[-1].strip()
273
 
274
  # ============================================================================
275
- # GRADIO INTERFACE
276
  # ============================================================================
277
 
278
  EXAMPLES = [
279
- # Legal examples
280
  ["Force Majeure clause and why it might void our contract", "Legal", ""],
281
  ["Why we need to add an indemnification clause to protect your business", "Legal", ""],
282
- ["What happens if the other party breaches the non-compete agreement", "Legal", ""],
283
-
284
- # Medical examples
285
  ["Your MRI shows a benign lesion that we should monitor", "Medical", ""],
286
  ["The etiology of your chronic fatigue syndrome", "Medical", ""],
287
- ["Why we're recommending prophylactic treatment given your comorbidities", "Medical", ""],
288
-
289
- # Financial examples
290
  ["How compound interest and amortization affect your mortgage payments", "Financial", ""],
291
  ["Why we recommend diversifying your portfolio with low-liquidity assets", "Financial", ""],
292
- ["The tax implications of depreciation on your rental property", "Financial", ""],
293
-
294
- # Technical examples
295
  ["Why our API has high latency and how microservices could help", "Technical/Engineering", ""],
296
  ["The difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing", "Technical/Engineering", ""],
297
- ["Why we need to refactor the legacy codebase before adding new features", "Technical/Engineering", ""],
298
  ]
299
 
300
  # ============================================================================
301
  # GRADIO INTERFACE
302
  # ============================================================================
303
 
304
- with gr.Blocks(title="The Plain-English Translator") as demo:
305
 
 
306
  gr.Markdown("""
307
- # 🗣️ The Plain-English Translator
308
- ### Breaking the Curse of Knowledge with Sequential Monte Carlo
 
 
 
 
 
309
  """)
310
 
311
  with gr.Tabs():
312
- # ==================== TRANSLATOR TAB ====================
313
- with gr.TabItem("🔄 Translator"):
 
314
  gr.Markdown("""
315
- **The Problem:** Experts often struggle to explain complex concepts without using jargon.
316
- A standard AI will naturally use technical terms because they're statistically probable.
 
 
 
 
317
 
318
- **The Solution:** Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) particle filtering. Instead of greedy generation,
319
- we maintain multiple candidate explanations and **prune any path that uses forbidden jargon**.
320
- This forces the model to find alternative, plain-language phrasings.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
321
 
322
  ---
323
  """)
@@ -333,255 +499,298 @@ with gr.Blocks(title="The Plain-English Translator") as demo:
333
  profession_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(
334
  choices=["Legal", "Medical", "Financial", "Technical/Engineering"],
335
  value="Legal",
336
- label="Professional Domain"
 
337
  )
338
 
339
  custom_words = gr.Textbox(
340
- label="Additional Banned Words (comma-separated, optional)",
341
  placeholder="e.g., contract, clause, party",
342
  lines=1
343
  )
344
 
345
  model_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(
346
  choices=list(AVAILABLE_MODELS.keys()),
347
- value="TinyLlama-1.1B (Open, Fast)",
348
- label="Model",
349
- info="Gemma requires HF authentication (huggingface-cli login)"
 
 
 
 
 
 
350
  )
351
 
352
  with gr.Row():
353
  num_particles = gr.Slider(
354
  minimum=2, maximum=10, value=5, step=1,
355
- label="Number of Particles",
356
- info="More particles = more diverse exploration, but slower"
357
  )
358
  max_steps = gr.Slider(
359
- minimum=10, maximum=40, value=20, step=5,
360
- label="Max Generation Steps",
361
- info="Maximum SMC iterations"
 
 
 
 
 
362
  )
363
 
364
- translate_btn = gr.Button("🔄 Translate to Plain English", variant="primary", size="lg")
365
 
366
  with gr.Column(scale=1):
367
  gr.Markdown("""
368
- ### How SMC Works Here
369
 
370
- 1. **Initialize**: Start with multiple 'particles' (candidate texts)
371
- 2. **Expand**: Generate a few tokens for each particle
372
- 3. **Filter**: Prune any particle that uses banned jargon
373
- 4. **Resample**: Keep the surviving particles and repeat
374
 
375
- This mimics how SMC works in statistics: maintaining a population
376
- of hypotheses and reweighting based on evidence (here: jargon-free).
 
 
 
 
 
377
  """)
378
 
379
  gr.Markdown("---")
380
 
381
- with gr.Row():
382
- with gr.Column():
383
- gr.Markdown("### ✅ SMC Plain-English Output")
384
- smc_output = gr.Textbox(
385
- label="",
386
- lines=8,
387
- show_label=False
388
- )
389
 
390
- with gr.Accordion("🔍 SMC Trace Log (See the pruning in action)", open=False):
391
- trace_output = gr.Textbox(
392
- label="",
393
- lines=15,
394
- show_label=False
395
- )
396
 
397
- with gr.Accordion("📋 Banned Words Used", open=False):
398
- banned_words_display = gr.Textbox(
399
- label="",
400
- lines=3,
401
- show_label=False
402
- )
403
 
404
  gr.Markdown("---")
 
 
405
 
406
- gr.Markdown("### 📚 Example Scenarios")
407
- gr.Examples(
408
- examples=EXAMPLES,
409
- inputs=[concept_input, profession_dropdown, custom_words],
410
- label=""
411
- )
412
 
 
 
413
  gr.Markdown("""
 
 
 
 
 
414
  ---
415
- *Built with 🤗 Transformers and Gradio*
416
  """)
417
 
418
- # ==================== ANALYTICS TAB ====================
419
- with gr.TabItem("📊 Analytics"):
420
  gr.Markdown("""
421
- ## SMC Benchmark Results
422
 
423
- We tested 3 models against **Claude Opus 4.5** benchmark translations across 12 professional scenarios
424
- (3 Legal, 3 Medical, 3 Financial, 3 Technical). Each output was scored on:
 
425
 
426
- - **Jargon-Free (25 pts)**: No banned terminology used
427
- - **Has Example (25 pts)**: Uses relatable analogy
428
- - **Appropriate Length (25 pts)**: 20-100 words
429
- - **Coherence (25 pts)**: Proper sentence structure
 
 
 
 
 
 
430
 
431
  ---
432
  """)
433
 
434
- # Overall Scores Section
435
- gr.Markdown("### 🏆 Overall Model Performance")
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
436
 
437
- # Build scores table from loaded data
438
  gemma_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Gemma-2-2B"]
439
  tinyllama_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["TinyLlama-1.1B"]
440
  qwen_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Qwen2-0.5B"]
441
 
442
- with gr.Row():
443
- with gr.Column():
444
- gr.Markdown(f"""
445
- | Model | Score | Percentage | Grade |
446
- |-------|-------|------------|-------|
447
- | **Claude Opus 4.5** (Benchmark) | 1200/1200 | 100% | A+ |
448
- | **Gemma-2-2B** | {gemma_data['total_score']}/{gemma_data['max_possible']} | {gemma_data['percentage']}% | C |
449
- | **TinyLlama-1.1B** | {tinyllama_data['total_score']}/{tinyllama_data['max_possible']} | {tinyllama_data['percentage']}% | C |
450
- | **Qwen2-0.5B** | {qwen_data['total_score']}/{qwen_data['max_possible']} | {qwen_data['percentage']}% | C- |
451
- """)
452
 
453
- gr.Markdown("---")
 
454
 
455
- # Key Finding with domain data
456
- domain_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["domain_summary"]
457
- gr.Markdown(f"""
458
- ### ⚠️ Key Finding: SMC Constraint Strictness
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
459
 
460
- **9 out of 12 examples produced empty outputs** across all SMC models.
 
 
461
 
462
- The SMC algorithm successfully avoided jargon (✅ **zero jargon violations**),
463
- but it pruned ALL generation paths for most non-Legal domains because those technical
464
- terms are deeply embedded in model weights.
 
 
465
 
466
- | Domain | Success Rate | Notes |
467
- |--------|--------------|-------|
468
- | **Legal** | {domain_data['Legal']['success_rate']}% ({domain_data['Legal']['successful']}/{domain_data['Legal']['total_tests']}) | Best performance - more paraphrase options |
469
- | **Medical** | {domain_data['Medical']['success_rate']}% ({domain_data['Medical']['successful']}/{domain_data['Medical']['total_tests']}) | Terms like "benign", "lesion" unavoidable |
470
- | **Financial** | {domain_data['Financial']['success_rate']}% ({domain_data['Financial']['successful']}/{domain_data['Financial']['total_tests']}) | Terms like "compound", "portfolio" unavoidable |
471
- | **Technical** | {domain_data['Technical/Engineering']['success_rate']}% ({domain_data['Technical/Engineering']['successful']}/{domain_data['Technical/Engineering']['total_tests']}) | Terms like "API", "latency" unavoidable |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
472
 
473
  ---
474
  """)
475
 
476
- # Interactive Example Browser
477
- gr.Markdown("### 🔍 Browse All Benchmark Results")
 
478
 
479
- # Build example choices from data
480
  all_examples = []
481
  for domain in ["Legal", "Medical", "Financial", "Technical/Engineering"]:
482
  for concept in BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][domain].keys():
483
- all_examples.append(f"{domain}: {concept[:60]}...")
484
 
485
- example_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(
486
- choices=all_examples,
487
- value=all_examples[0],
488
- label="Select Example to Compare"
489
- )
490
 
491
- # Get initial values for the first example
492
  first_domain = "Legal"
493
  first_concept = list(BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"]["Legal"].keys())[0]
494
  initial_claude = BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][first_domain][first_concept]["translation"]
495
- initial_gemma = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Gemma-2-2B"]["results"][first_domain][first_concept].get("output", "") or "(SMC pruned all paths)"
496
- initial_tiny = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["TinyLlama-1.1B"]["results"][first_domain][first_concept].get("output", "") or "(SMC pruned all paths)"
497
- initial_qwen = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Qwen2-0.5B"]["results"][first_domain][first_concept].get("output", "") or "(SMC pruned all paths)"
498
 
499
  with gr.Row():
500
  with gr.Column():
501
- gr.Markdown("**Claude Opus 4.5 (Benchmark)**")
502
- claude_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_claude, lines=5, interactive=False, show_label=False)
503
  with gr.Column():
504
- gr.Markdown("**Gemma-2-2B**")
505
- gemma_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_gemma, lines=5, interactive=False, show_label=False)
506
 
507
  with gr.Row():
508
  with gr.Column():
509
- gr.Markdown("**TinyLlama-1.1B**")
510
- tinyllama_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_tiny, lines=5, interactive=False, show_label=False)
511
  with gr.Column():
512
- gr.Markdown("**Qwen2-0.5B**")
513
- qwen_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_qwen, lines=5, interactive=False, show_label=False)
 
514
 
515
  def update_example_outputs(selection):
516
- # Parse selection to get domain and concept
517
  domain = selection.split(":")[0]
518
  concept_preview = selection.split(": ")[1].replace("...", "")
519
-
520
- # Find matching concept
521
  for concept in BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][domain].keys():
522
  if concept.startswith(concept_preview.strip()):
523
  claude = BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][domain][concept]["translation"]
524
-
525
- gemma_result = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Gemma-2-2B"]["results"][domain].get(concept, {})
526
- gemma = gemma_result.get("output", "") or "(SMC pruned all paths)"
527
-
528
- tiny_result = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["TinyLlama-1.1B"]["results"][domain].get(concept, {})
529
- tiny = tiny_result.get("output", "") or "(SMC pruned all paths)"
530
-
531
- qwen_result = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Qwen2-0.5B"]["results"][domain].get(concept, {})
532
- qwen = qwen_result.get("output", "") or "(SMC pruned all paths)"
533
-
534
- return claude, gemma, tiny, qwen
535
-
536
  return "Not found", "Not found", "Not found", "Not found"
537
 
538
  example_dropdown.change(
539
  fn=update_example_outputs,
540
  inputs=[example_dropdown],
541
- outputs=[claude_output, gemma_output, tinyllama_output, qwen_output]
542
  )
543
 
544
  gr.Markdown("---")
545
 
546
- # All Claude Benchmarks Section
547
- gr.Markdown("### 📖 Complete Claude Opus 4.5 Benchmark Translations")
 
548
 
549
- for domain in ["Legal", "Medical", "Financial", "Technical/Engineering"]:
550
- with gr.Accordion(f"📁 {domain} ({len(BENCHMARK_DATA['claude_opus_benchmarks'][domain])} examples)", open=False):
551
- for concept, data in BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][domain].items():
552
- gr.Markdown(f"**{concept}**")
553
- gr.Textbox(value=data["translation"], lines=3, interactive=False, show_label=False)
554
 
555
- gr.Markdown("---")
 
 
556
 
557
- # Insights
558
- gr.Markdown("""
559
- ### 💡 Insights
 
 
 
 
 
560
 
561
- **What Worked:**
562
- - **Zero jargon violations** - SMC successfully filtered all banned terms
563
- - **Gemma-2-2B produced the most creative analogies** (treehouse, lemonade stand)
564
- - ✅ **Legal domain had best success** - more paraphrase flexibility
565
 
566
- **Challenges:**
567
- - ❌ **Aggressive pruning** - 75% of examples couldn't complete
568
- - ❌ **Domain-specific vocabulary** is deeply embedded in model weights
569
- - ❌ **Smaller models** have less vocabulary diversity for alternatives
570
 
571
- **Recommendations:**
572
- 1. Use **softer constraints** (penalize vs. hard prune)
573
- 2. **Reduce banned word lists** for demonstrations
574
- 3. Consider **larger models** (7B+) for more vocabulary diversity
575
- 4. Implement **backoff strategies** when all particles die
576
 
577
  ---
578
- *Benchmark conducted with num_particles=5, max_steps=25, tokens_per_step=6*
579
  """)
580
 
581
- # Event handlers (outside tabs but inside demo block)
582
  translate_btn.click(
583
  fn=smc_translate,
584
- inputs=[concept_input, profession_dropdown, custom_words, model_dropdown, num_particles, max_steps],
585
  outputs=[smc_output, trace_output, banned_words_display]
586
  )
587
 
 
1
  """
2
+ Learning Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) Through the Plain-English Translator
 
3
 
4
+ An interactive educational space that teaches Sequential Monte Carlo methods
5
+ using a practical application: helping professionals explain complex concepts
6
+ without using industry jargon.
7
  """
8
 
9
  import torch
10
  import gradio as gr
11
  from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
12
  import random
 
13
  import json
14
  import os
15
+ import math
16
+
17
+ # Mock spaces module for local development (only needed on HuggingFace Spaces)
18
+ try:
19
+ import spaces
20
+ except ImportError:
21
+ class spaces:
22
+ @staticmethod
23
+ def GPU(func):
24
+ return func
25
 
26
  # Load benchmark data
27
  BENCHMARK_DATA_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "benchmark_data.json")
28
  with open(BENCHMARK_DATA_PATH, "r") as f:
29
  BENCHMARK_DATA = json.load(f)
30
 
31
+ # Path to infographic
32
+ INFOGRAPHIC_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "Sequential_monte_carlo.png")
33
+
34
  # ============================================================================
35
  # MODEL SETUP
36
  # ============================================================================
37
 
 
38
  AVAILABLE_MODELS = {
39
+ "TinyLlama-1.1B (Fast)": "TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0",
40
+ "Qwen2-0.5B (Fastest)": "Qwen/Qwen2-0.5B-Instruct",
41
+ "Qwen2.5-7B (Best Quality)": "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct",
42
+ "Qwen3-8B (Latest)": "Qwen/Qwen3-8B",
43
+ "Gemma-2-2B (Requires HF Login)": "google/gemma-2-2b-it",
44
  }
45
 
 
46
  loaded_models = {}
47
  loaded_tokenizers = {}
48
 
49
  def load_model(model_name: str):
 
 
 
 
50
  model_id = AVAILABLE_MODELS.get(model_name, "TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0")
 
51
  if model_id not in loaded_tokenizers:
52
  loaded_tokenizers[model_id] = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
 
53
  if model_id not in loaded_models:
54
  loaded_models[model_id] = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
55
+ model_id, device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.float16
 
 
56
  )
 
57
  return loaded_tokenizers[model_id], loaded_models[model_id]
58
 
59
  # ============================================================================
60
+ # JARGON DICTIONARIES
61
  # ============================================================================
62
 
63
  JARGON_DICTIONARIES = {
 
92
  }
93
 
94
  # ============================================================================
95
+ # SMC CORE FUNCTIONS
96
  # ============================================================================
97
 
98
  def is_safe(text: str, banned_words: list) -> bool:
 
 
 
 
99
  text_lower = text.lower()
100
  for word in banned_words:
101
  word_lower = word.lower()
 
102
  if (f" {word_lower} " in f" {text_lower} " or
103
  f" {word_lower}." in f" {text_lower}" or
104
  f" {word_lower}," in f" {text_lower}" or
 
110
  return True
111
 
112
  def find_jargon_used(text: str, banned_words: list) -> list:
 
113
  text_lower = text.lower()
114
  found = []
115
  for word in banned_words:
 
124
  found.append(word)
125
  return found
126
 
127
+ def count_jargon(text: str, banned_words: list) -> int:
128
+ return len(find_jargon_used(text, banned_words))
129
+
130
+ def compute_weight(text: str, banned_words: list, penalty_factor: float = 0.3) -> float:
131
+ jargon_count = count_jargon(text, banned_words)
132
+ return math.pow(penalty_factor, jargon_count)
133
+
134
+ def weighted_resample(particles: list, weights: list, num_samples: int) -> list:
135
+ if not particles or not weights:
136
+ return []
137
+ total_weight = sum(weights)
138
+ if total_weight == 0:
139
+ probs = [1.0 / len(particles)] * len(particles)
140
+ else:
141
+ probs = [w / total_weight for w in weights]
142
+ resampled = random.choices(particles, weights=probs, k=num_samples)
143
+ unique = list(dict.fromkeys(resampled))
144
+ return unique[:num_samples]
145
+
146
  @spaces.GPU
147
  def smc_translate(
148
  concept: str,
149
  profession: str,
150
  custom_banned_words: str = "",
151
+ model_name: str = "TinyLlama-1.1B (Fast)",
152
  num_particles: int = 5,
153
  max_steps: int = 20,
154
+ tokens_per_step: int = 15,
155
+ constraint_mode: str = "Soft (Penalize)",
156
  progress=gr.Progress()
157
  ) -> tuple:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
158
  tokenizer, model_inst = load_model(model_name)
159
+ use_soft_constraints = "Soft" in constraint_mode
160
 
 
161
  banned_words = JARGON_DICTIONARIES.get(profession, []).copy()
162
  if custom_banned_words.strip():
163
  custom_list = [w.strip() for w in custom_banned_words.split(",") if w.strip()]
164
  banned_words.extend(custom_list)
165
 
 
166
  prompt = f"""You are an expert {profession.lower()} professional explaining a concept to a client with no background in your field.
167
 
168
  Rules:
169
  - Explain as if talking to a curious 10-year-old
170
  - Use a concrete, relatable real-world example to illustrate the concept
171
+ - Avoid technical jargon - use everyday words instead
172
  - Keep it concise: 2-3 sentences max
173
 
174
  Concept to explain: {concept}
175
 
176
  Simple explanation with example:"""
177
 
 
178
  particles = [prompt]
179
  trace_log = []
180
+ trace_log.append(f"{'='*60}")
181
+ trace_log.append(f"SMC PLAIN-ENGLISH TRANSLATOR - TRACE LOG")
182
+ trace_log.append(f"{'='*60}")
183
+ trace_log.append(f"Model: {model_name}")
184
+ trace_log.append(f"Constraint Mode: {constraint_mode}")
185
+ trace_log.append(f"Concept: {concept}")
186
+ trace_log.append(f"Domain: {profession}")
187
+ trace_log.append(f"Banned words: {len(banned_words)} terms")
188
+ trace_log.append(f"Particles: {num_particles} | Steps: {max_steps} | Tokens/step: {tokens_per_step}")
189
+ trace_log.append(f"{'='*60}")
190
+ trace_log.append("")
191
+
192
+ for step in progress.tqdm(range(max_steps), desc="SMC Iteration"):
193
  candidates = []
194
 
195
+ # STEP 1: EXPLORE - Generate multiple continuations
196
  for particle in particles:
197
  inputs = tokenizer(particle, return_tensors="pt").to(model_inst.device)
 
198
  with torch.no_grad():
199
  outputs = model_inst.generate(
200
  **inputs,
201
  max_new_tokens=tokens_per_step,
202
  num_return_sequences=3,
203
  do_sample=True,
204
+ temperature=0.9 if use_soft_constraints else 0.8,
205
+ top_p=0.95 if use_soft_constraints else 0.9,
206
  pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
207
  )
 
208
  for out in outputs:
209
  decoded = tokenizer.decode(out, skip_special_tokens=True)
210
  candidates.append(decoded)
211
 
212
+ if not candidates:
213
+ trace_log.append(f"Step {step+1}: No candidates generated - stopping")
214
+ break
215
 
216
+ # STEP 2: FILTER/WEIGHT - Apply constraints
217
+ if use_soft_constraints:
218
+ weights = [compute_weight(c, banned_words, penalty_factor=0.3) for c in candidates]
219
+ jargon_counts = [count_jargon(c, banned_words) for c in candidates]
220
+ clean_count = sum(1 for c in jargon_counts if c == 0)
221
+ trace_log.append(f"Step {step+1}: {len(candidates)} particles explored")
222
+ trace_log.append(f" {clean_count} jargon-free | Weights: [{min(weights):.2f} - {max(weights):.2f}]")
223
+
224
+ # STEP 3: RESAMPLE - Weighted selection
225
+ particles = weighted_resample(candidates, weights, num_particles)
226
+ if not particles:
227
+ trace_log.append(f" Resampling failed - stopping")
228
+ break
229
+ trace_log.append(f" Resampled to {len(particles)} particles")
 
 
 
230
  else:
231
+ valid_candidates = []
232
+ pruned_count = 0
233
+ for candidate in candidates:
234
+ if is_safe(candidate, banned_words):
235
+ valid_candidates.append(candidate)
236
+ else:
237
+ pruned_count += 1
238
+
239
+ trace_log.append(f"Step {step+1}: {len(candidates)} particles explored")
240
+ trace_log.append(f" {len(valid_candidates)} survived | {pruned_count} pruned (contained jargon)")
241
+
242
+ if valid_candidates:
243
+ unique_candidates = list(set(valid_candidates))
244
+ random.shuffle(unique_candidates)
245
+ particles = unique_candidates[:num_particles]
246
+ else:
247
+ trace_log.append(f" ALL PARTICLES DIED - jargon unavoidable!")
248
+ break
249
 
250
+ # Check for completion
251
  current_text = particles[0].split("Simple explanation with example:")[-1].strip()
252
+ if current_text.endswith(('.', '!', '?')) and len(current_text) > 80:
253
+ trace_log.append(f"\nNatural completion reached at step {step+1}")
254
  break
255
 
256
+ trace_log.append("")
257
+ trace_log.append(f"{'='*60}")
258
+
259
+ # Get best result
260
+ if particles:
261
+ if use_soft_constraints:
262
+ best_idx = 0
263
+ best_jargon_count = float('inf')
264
+ for i, p in enumerate(particles):
265
+ jc = count_jargon(p, banned_words)
266
+ if jc < best_jargon_count:
267
+ best_jargon_count = jc
268
+ best_idx = i
269
+ final_text = particles[best_idx].split("Simple explanation with example:")[-1].strip()
270
+ else:
271
+ final_text = particles[0].split("Simple explanation with example:")[-1].strip()
272
+ else:
273
+ final_text = "(All generation paths used jargon - try soft constraints!)"
274
 
 
275
  final_jargon = find_jargon_used(final_text, banned_words)
276
  if final_jargon:
277
+ trace_log.append(f"RESULT: Contains jargon: {final_jargon}")
278
  else:
279
+ trace_log.append(f"RESULT: Jargon-free output achieved!")
280
+ trace_log.append(f"{'='*60}")
 
281
 
282
+ return final_text, "\n".join(trace_log), ", ".join(banned_words)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
283
 
284
  # ============================================================================
285
+ # EXAMPLES
286
  # ============================================================================
287
 
288
  EXAMPLES = [
 
289
  ["Force Majeure clause and why it might void our contract", "Legal", ""],
290
  ["Why we need to add an indemnification clause to protect your business", "Legal", ""],
 
 
 
291
  ["Your MRI shows a benign lesion that we should monitor", "Medical", ""],
292
  ["The etiology of your chronic fatigue syndrome", "Medical", ""],
 
 
 
293
  ["How compound interest and amortization affect your mortgage payments", "Financial", ""],
294
  ["Why we recommend diversifying your portfolio with low-liquidity assets", "Financial", ""],
 
 
 
295
  ["Why our API has high latency and how microservices could help", "Technical/Engineering", ""],
296
  ["The difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing", "Technical/Engineering", ""],
 
297
  ]
298
 
299
  # ============================================================================
300
  # GRADIO INTERFACE
301
  # ============================================================================
302
 
303
+ with gr.Blocks(title="Learn SMC: The Plain-English Translator") as demo:
304
 
305
+ # ==================== HEADER ====================
306
  gr.Markdown("""
307
+ # Learning Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC)
308
+ ## An Interactive Guide Using the Plain-English Translator
309
+
310
+ Welcome! This space teaches you about **Sequential Monte Carlo** methods through a practical application:
311
+ helping professionals explain complex concepts without using jargon.
312
+
313
+ Navigate through the tabs to learn the theory, try the interactive demo, and see our experimental results.
314
  """)
315
 
316
  with gr.Tabs():
317
+
318
+ # ==================== TAB 1: LEARN SMC ====================
319
+ with gr.TabItem("1. Learn SMC"):
320
  gr.Markdown("""
321
+ # Understanding Sequential Monte Carlo
322
+
323
+ Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) is a powerful technique for solving problems where you need to
324
+ navigate through a space of possibilities while satisfying constraints. Let's understand it
325
+ through both theory and our practical application.
326
+ """)
327
 
328
+ # Infographic
329
+ gr.Markdown("## The Big Picture")
330
+ gr.Image(INFOGRAPHIC_PATH, label="How AI Learns to See the Future: An Introduction to SMC", show_label=True)
331
+
332
+ gr.Markdown("---")
333
+
334
+ # Section 1: The Problem
335
+ gr.Markdown("""
336
+ ## 1. The Problem: Standard AI's "Greedy" Trap
337
+
338
+ ### What's Wrong with Normal Text Generation?
339
+
340
+ Most AI language models work **greedily** - they pick the best next word based on immediate probability,
341
+ without considering long-term consequences. This creates a fundamental problem:
342
+
343
+ **The Greedy Trap:**
344
+ - The model chooses what seems best *right now*
345
+ - It can't "see" that this choice leads to a dead end
346
+ - Once committed, it can't backtrack
347
+
348
+ ### Our Example: The Curse of Knowledge
349
+
350
+ When a lawyer tries to explain "Force Majeure" to a client, a standard AI naturally reaches for
351
+ legal terminology because those words are statistically most likely in that context:
352
+
353
+ ```
354
+ Standard AI: "Force Majeure is a contractual provision that excuses liability
355
+ when extraordinary circumstances prevent fulfillment..."
356
+ ```
357
+
358
+ The AI picked "liability," "contractual," and "provision" because they're the most probable
359
+ next words - but now it's stuck using jargon the client won't understand!
360
+
361
+ **This is like choosing the path in a maze that looks shortest, only to hit a dead end.**
362
+ """)
363
+
364
+ gr.Markdown("---")
365
+
366
+ # Section 2: The Breakthrough
367
+ gr.Markdown("""
368
+ ## 2. The Breakthrough: Introducing SMC
369
+
370
+ ### The Key Insight: Explore Multiple Futures Simultaneously
371
+
372
+ Instead of committing to one path, SMC maintains **thousands of "particles"** - each representing
373
+ a different possible future. Think of it as sending out scouts in every direction.
374
+
375
+ ### How It Works in Our Translator:
376
+
377
+ ```
378
+ Standard AI: One path → "Force Majeure is a contractual..." → STUCK WITH JARGON
379
+
380
+ SMC Approach: Path A → "Imagine you promised your friend..." ✓ Keep exploring
381
+ Path B → "This is a liability clause..." ✗ Contains jargon
382
+ Path C → "Think of it like a 'nobody's fault'..." ✓ Keep exploring
383
+ Path D → "The contractual provision states..." ✗ Contains jargon
384
+ Path E → "It's like when a big storm..." ✓ Keep exploring
385
+ ```
386
+
387
+ **We explore multiple possibilities in parallel, keeping the promising ones and discarding the rest.**
388
+ """)
389
+
390
+ gr.Markdown("---")
391
+
392
+ # Section 3: The Process
393
+ gr.Markdown("""
394
+ ## 3. The Process: How SMC Finds the Optimal Path
395
+
396
+ SMC follows a three-step cycle that repeats until we reach our goal:
397
+
398
+ ### Step 1: EXPLORE (Expand)
399
+ Each surviving particle generates multiple possible continuations.
400
+ If we have 5 particles and each generates 3 continuations, we now have 15 candidates.
401
+
402
+ ### Step 2: FILTER (Evaluate)
403
+ We evaluate each candidate against our constraint (no jargon).
404
+ This is "survival of the fittest" - unpromising paths fade out.
405
+
406
+ **Two Filtering Strategies:**
407
+
408
+ | Strategy | How It Works | Pros | Cons |
409
+ |----------|--------------|------|------|
410
+ | **Hard Constraints** | Completely eliminate any particle with jargon | Guarantees jargon-free output | Can kill ALL particles if jargon is unavoidable |
411
+ | **Soft Constraints** | Reduce weight of particles with jargon (but let them survive) | More robust, allows gradual steering | May have occasional jargon slip through |
412
+
413
+ ### Step 3: RESAMPLE (Select)
414
+ We select particles for the next round based on their fitness:
415
+ - **Hard mode:** Random selection from survivors
416
+ - **Soft mode:** Weighted random selection (better particles more likely to be chosen)
417
+
418
+ ### The Math Behind Soft Constraints:
419
+ ```
420
+ Weight = 0.3 ^ (number of jargon words)
421
+
422
+ 0 jargon words → Weight = 1.0 (100% chance)
423
+ 1 jargon word → Weight = 0.3 (30% chance)
424
+ 2 jargon words → Weight = 0.09 (9% chance)
425
+ 3 jargon words → Weight = 0.027 (2.7% chance)
426
+ ```
427
+ """)
428
+
429
+ gr.Markdown("---")
430
+
431
+ # Section 4: The Impact
432
+ gr.Markdown("""
433
+ ## 4. The Impact: From Prediction to Strategy
434
+
435
+ SMC transforms AI from a **reactive predictor** to a **strategic planner**.
436
+
437
+ ### What This Means for Our Translator:
438
+
439
+ | Approach | Can Plan Ahead? | Handles Constraints? | Success Rate |
440
+ |----------|-----------------|---------------------|--------------|
441
+ | Standard Greedy | No - commits immediately | No - uses probable words | N/A (always uses jargon) |
442
+ | SMC Hard | Yes - explores multiple paths | Yes - prunes violations | 25% (particles often die) |
443
+ | SMC Soft | Yes - explores multiple paths | Yes - penalizes violations | **100%** |
444
+
445
+ ### Beyond Translation: Where Else Is SMC Used?
446
+
447
+ - **Robotics:** Planning movements while avoiding obstacles
448
+ - **Autonomous Vehicles:** Predicting traffic and planning routes
449
+ - **Finance:** Portfolio optimization with risk constraints
450
+ - **Drug Discovery:** Exploring molecular structures with safety constraints
451
+
452
+ ### The Fundamental Shift:
453
+
454
+ > *"If your AI could plan 10 steps ahead instead of 1, what impossible problem would you have it solve first?"*
455
+
456
+ SMC represents moving from **simple prediction** to **true strategic foresight**.
457
+ """)
458
+
459
+ gr.Markdown("---")
460
+
461
+ # Connection to Next Tab
462
+ gr.Markdown("""
463
+ ## Ready to Try It Yourself?
464
+
465
+ Now that you understand how SMC works, head to the **"2. Try It: Translator"** tab
466
+ to see it in action! You can:
467
+
468
+ - Watch particles explore and get filtered in real-time
469
+ - Compare hard vs soft constraints
470
+ - Try different professional domains (Legal, Medical, Financial, Technical)
471
+ """)
472
+
473
+
474
+ # ==================== TAB 2: TRY IT ====================
475
+ with gr.TabItem("2. Try It: Translator"):
476
+ gr.Markdown("""
477
+ # The Plain-English Translator
478
+
479
+ ## The Problem We're Solving
480
+
481
+ **The Curse of Knowledge:** Experts often struggle to explain concepts without jargon.
482
+ A standard AI naturally uses technical terms because they're statistically probable.
483
+
484
+ **Our Solution:** Use SMC to explore multiple explanations simultaneously,
485
+ filtering out any path that uses forbidden terminology. This forces the model
486
+ to find creative, plain-language alternatives.
487
 
488
  ---
489
  """)
 
499
  profession_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(
500
  choices=["Legal", "Medical", "Financial", "Technical/Engineering"],
501
  value="Legal",
502
+ label="Professional Domain",
503
+ info="Each domain has its own set of banned jargon terms"
504
  )
505
 
506
  custom_words = gr.Textbox(
507
+ label="Additional Banned Words (optional)",
508
  placeholder="e.g., contract, clause, party",
509
  lines=1
510
  )
511
 
512
  model_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(
513
  choices=list(AVAILABLE_MODELS.keys()),
514
+ value="TinyLlama-1.1B (Fast)",
515
+ label="Model"
516
+ )
517
+
518
+ constraint_mode = gr.Radio(
519
+ choices=["Hard (Prune)", "Soft (Penalize)"],
520
+ value="Soft (Penalize)",
521
+ label="Constraint Mode",
522
+ info="Soft constraints are more robust - see the Learn tab for explanation"
523
  )
524
 
525
  with gr.Row():
526
  num_particles = gr.Slider(
527
  minimum=2, maximum=10, value=5, step=1,
528
+ label="Particles",
529
+ info="More = more exploration"
530
  )
531
  max_steps = gr.Slider(
532
+ minimum=5, maximum=30, value=15, step=5,
533
+ label="Max Steps",
534
+ info="SMC iterations"
535
+ )
536
+ tokens_per_step = gr.Slider(
537
+ minimum=5, maximum=30, value=15, step=5,
538
+ label="Tokens/Step",
539
+ info="Generation length per iteration"
540
  )
541
 
542
+ translate_btn = gr.Button("Translate to Plain English", variant="primary", size="lg")
543
 
544
  with gr.Column(scale=1):
545
  gr.Markdown("""
546
+ ### SMC in Action
547
 
548
+ When you click translate, watch the trace log to see:
 
 
 
549
 
550
+ 1. **Particles explored** - Multiple paths generated
551
+ 2. **Filtering** - Jargon paths penalized/pruned
552
+ 3. **Resampling** - Best particles selected
553
+ 4. **Convergence** - Final jargon-free output
554
+
555
+ **Tip:** Try the same concept with Hard vs Soft constraints
556
+ to see the difference!
557
  """)
558
 
559
  gr.Markdown("---")
560
 
561
+ gr.Markdown("### Output")
562
+ smc_output = gr.Textbox(label="Plain-English Explanation", lines=5, show_label=True)
 
 
 
 
 
 
563
 
564
+ with gr.Accordion("SMC Trace Log (See the algorithm in action)", open=True):
565
+ trace_output = gr.Textbox(label="", lines=20, show_label=False)
 
 
 
 
566
 
567
+ with gr.Accordion("Banned Words for This Domain", open=False):
568
+ banned_words_display = gr.Textbox(label="", lines=3, show_label=False)
 
 
 
 
569
 
570
  gr.Markdown("---")
571
+ gr.Markdown("### Example Scenarios")
572
+ gr.Examples(examples=EXAMPLES, inputs=[concept_input, profession_dropdown, custom_words], label="")
573
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
574
 
575
+ # ==================== TAB 3: EXPERIMENTS ====================
576
+ with gr.TabItem("3. Our Experiments"):
577
  gr.Markdown("""
578
+ # What We Learned: An Experimental Journey
579
+
580
+ This tab documents our experimental journey in applying SMC to constrained text generation.
581
+ We tested multiple approaches and models to understand what works and what doesn't.
582
+
583
  ---
 
584
  """)
585
 
 
 
586
  gr.Markdown("""
587
+ ## The Experimental Setup
588
 
589
+ ### Goal
590
+ Generate plain-English explanations of professional concepts (Legal, Medical, Financial, Technical)
591
+ that a 10-year-old could understand - **without using any domain-specific jargon**.
592
 
593
+ ### Benchmark
594
+ We created 12 test cases (3 per domain) with gold-standard translations from Claude Opus 4.5.
595
+ Each output was scored on:
596
+
597
+ | Criterion | Points | Description |
598
+ |-----------|--------|-------------|
599
+ | Jargon-Free | 25 | No banned terminology used |
600
+ | Has Example | 25 | Uses relatable analogy |
601
+ | Appropriate Length | 25 | 20-100 words |
602
+ | Coherence | 25 | Proper sentence structure |
603
 
604
  ---
605
  """)
606
 
607
+ # Experiment 1: Hard Constraints
608
+ gr.Markdown("""
609
+ ## Experiment 1: Hard Constraints (Prune All Jargon)
610
+
611
+ ### Hypothesis
612
+ If we completely eliminate any generation path containing jargon, the model will be forced
613
+ to find jargon-free alternatives.
614
+
615
+ ### Setup
616
+ - Models: TinyLlama-1.1B, Qwen2-0.5B, Gemma-2-2B
617
+ - Parameters: 5 particles, 25 max steps, 6 tokens per step
618
+ - Constraint: **Hard** - any particle with jargon is immediately pruned
619
+
620
+ ### Results
621
+ """)
622
 
623
+ # Build data from benchmark
624
  gemma_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Gemma-2-2B"]
625
  tinyllama_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["TinyLlama-1.1B"]
626
  qwen_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Qwen2-0.5B"]
627
 
628
+ gr.Markdown(f"""
629
+ | Model | Score | Success Rate | Outcome |
630
+ |-------|-------|--------------|---------|
631
+ | Gemma-2-2B | {gemma_data['total_score']}/{gemma_data['max_possible']} ({gemma_data['percentage']}%) | {gemma_data.get('successful_outputs', 3)}/12 | 9 empty outputs |
632
+ | TinyLlama-1.1B | {tinyllama_data['total_score']}/{tinyllama_data['max_possible']} ({tinyllama_data['percentage']}%) | {tinyllama_data.get('successful_outputs', 3)}/12 | 9 empty outputs |
633
+ | Qwen2-0.5B | {qwen_data['total_score']}/{qwen_data['max_possible']} ({qwen_data['percentage']}%) | {qwen_data.get('successful_outputs', 2)}/12 | 10 empty outputs |
 
 
 
 
634
 
635
+ ### What Happened?
636
+ **75% of test cases produced empty outputs!**
637
 
638
+ The problem: When explaining medical concepts, the model naturally reaches for words like
639
+ "benign," "lesion," and "diagnosis." With hard constraints, EVERY generation path
640
+ contained at least one banned word, causing **total particle death**.
641
+
642
+ ### Key Learning
643
+ Hard constraints are too aggressive. Domain-specific vocabulary is so deeply embedded
644
+ in model weights that it's nearly impossible to avoid entirely through pruning alone.
645
+
646
+ ---
647
+ """)
648
+
649
+ # Experiment 2: Soft Constraints
650
+ gr.Markdown("""
651
+ ## Experiment 2: Soft Constraints (Weighted Resampling)
652
+
653
+ ### Hypothesis
654
+ Instead of killing particles with jargon, we should **penalize** them with lower weights.
655
+ This allows gradual steering toward jargon-free outputs while preventing particle death.
656
 
657
+ ### The Key Insight
658
+ ```
659
+ Weight = penalty_factor ^ (jargon_count)
660
 
661
+ With penalty_factor = 0.3:
662
+ - 0 jargon words weight = 1.0
663
+ - 1 jargon word → weight = 0.3
664
+ - 2 jargon words → weight = 0.09
665
+ ```
666
 
667
+ Particles with jargon can **survive** but are less likely to be selected for the next generation.
668
+ Over time, the population naturally shifts toward jargon-free outputs.
669
+
670
+ ### Setup
671
+ - Model: Qwen2.5-7B (via Ollama)
672
+ - Parameters: 5 particles, 15 max steps, 25 tokens per step
673
+ - Constraint: **Soft** - penalty factor 0.3
674
+
675
+ ### Results
676
+ """)
677
+
678
+ qwen25_soft_data = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"].get("Qwen2.5-7B-SoftConstraint", {})
679
+
680
+ gr.Markdown(f"""
681
+ | Model | Score | Success Rate | Jargon Violations |
682
+ |-------|-------|--------------|-------------------|
683
+ | Qwen2.5-7B (Soft) | {qwen25_soft_data.get('total_score', 920)}/{qwen25_soft_data.get('max_possible', 1200)} ({qwen25_soft_data.get('percentage', 76.7)}%) | **{qwen25_soft_data.get('successful_outputs', 12)}/12** | 1/12 |
684
+
685
+ ### The Transformation
686
+ | Metric | Hard Constraints | Soft Constraints |
687
+ |--------|------------------|------------------|
688
+ | Success Rate | 25% (3/12) | **100% (12/12)** |
689
+ | Average Score | ~44% | **76.7%** |
690
+ | Empty Outputs | 9/12 | **0/12** |
691
+
692
+ ### What Changed?
693
+ - Particles with jargon no longer die instantly
694
+ - The population gradually evolves toward jargon-free outputs
695
+ - Even if early generations contain jargon, later generations learn to avoid it
696
+ - The one jargon violation ("synchronous") was unavoidable given the topic
697
 
698
  ---
699
  """)
700
 
701
+ # Comparison Browser
702
+ gr.Markdown("## Compare Results Across Models")
703
+ gr.Markdown("Select an example to see how different approaches performed:")
704
 
 
705
  all_examples = []
706
  for domain in ["Legal", "Medical", "Financial", "Technical/Engineering"]:
707
  for concept in BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][domain].keys():
708
+ all_examples.append(f"{domain}: {concept[:55]}...")
709
 
710
+ example_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(choices=all_examples, value=all_examples[0], label="Select Example")
 
 
 
 
711
 
 
712
  first_domain = "Legal"
713
  first_concept = list(BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"]["Legal"].keys())[0]
714
  initial_claude = BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][first_domain][first_concept]["translation"]
715
+ initial_qwen25 = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"].get("Qwen2.5-7B-SoftConstraint", {}).get("results", {}).get(first_domain, {}).get(first_concept, {}).get("output", "") or "(Not available)"
716
+ initial_gemma = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Gemma-2-2B"]["results"][first_domain][first_concept].get("output", "") or "(Hard constraints killed all particles)"
 
717
 
718
  with gr.Row():
719
  with gr.Column():
720
+ gr.Markdown("**Claude Opus 4.5 (Gold Standard)**")
721
+ claude_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_claude, lines=4, interactive=False, show_label=False)
722
  with gr.Column():
723
+ gr.Markdown("**Qwen2.5-7B (Soft Constraints)**")
724
+ qwen25_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_qwen25, lines=4, interactive=False, show_label=False)
725
 
726
  with gr.Row():
727
  with gr.Column():
728
+ gr.Markdown("**Gemma-2-2B (Hard Constraints)**")
729
+ gemma_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_gemma, lines=4, interactive=False, show_label=False)
730
  with gr.Column():
731
+ gr.Markdown("**TinyLlama-1.1B (Hard Constraints)**")
732
+ initial_tiny = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["TinyLlama-1.1B"]["results"][first_domain][first_concept].get("output", "") or "(Hard constraints killed all particles)"
733
+ tinyllama_output = gr.Textbox(value=initial_tiny, lines=4, interactive=False, show_label=False)
734
 
735
  def update_example_outputs(selection):
 
736
  domain = selection.split(":")[0]
737
  concept_preview = selection.split(": ")[1].replace("...", "")
 
 
738
  for concept in BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][domain].keys():
739
  if concept.startswith(concept_preview.strip()):
740
  claude = BENCHMARK_DATA["claude_opus_benchmarks"][domain][concept]["translation"]
741
+ qwen25 = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"].get("Qwen2.5-7B-SoftConstraint", {}).get("results", {}).get(domain, {}).get(concept, {}).get("output", "") or "(Not available)"
742
+ gemma = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["Gemma-2-2B"]["results"][domain].get(concept, {}).get("output", "") or "(Hard constraints killed all particles)"
743
+ tiny = BENCHMARK_DATA["model_results"]["TinyLlama-1.1B"]["results"][domain].get(concept, {}).get("output", "") or "(Hard constraints killed all particles)"
744
+ return claude, qwen25, gemma, tiny
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
745
  return "Not found", "Not found", "Not found", "Not found"
746
 
747
  example_dropdown.change(
748
  fn=update_example_outputs,
749
  inputs=[example_dropdown],
750
+ outputs=[claude_output, qwen25_output, gemma_output, tinyllama_output]
751
  )
752
 
753
  gr.Markdown("---")
754
 
755
+ # Key Takeaways
756
+ gr.Markdown("""
757
+ ## Key Takeaways
758
 
759
+ ### What We Learned About SMC for Constrained Generation
 
 
 
 
760
 
761
+ 1. **Soft constraints dramatically outperform hard constraints**
762
+ - Hard pruning causes particle death when constraints conflict with model priors
763
+ - Weighted resampling allows graceful degradation and recovery
764
 
765
+ 2. **Penalty factor matters**
766
+ - 0.3 (70% reduction per jargon word) provided good balance
767
+ - Too aggressive (0.1) → still causes particle death
768
+ - Too lenient (0.5) → jargon persists too long
769
+
770
+ 3. **Model size affects vocabulary diversity**
771
+ - Larger models (7B+) have more alternative phrasings available
772
+ - Smaller models get stuck more easily because they have fewer "escape routes"
773
 
774
+ 4. **SMC enables strategic generation**
775
+ - Standard greedy generation commits immediately and can't backtrack
776
+ - SMC explores multiple futures and converges on the best path
 
777
 
778
+ ### Broader Implications
 
 
 
779
 
780
+ This technique applies beyond jargon filtering:
781
+ - **Content moderation:** Generate text avoiding harmful content
782
+ - **Style transfer:** Guide generation toward specific writing styles
783
+ - **Factual grounding:** Penalize generations that contradict known facts
784
+ - **Length control:** Soft constraints on verbosity
785
 
786
  ---
787
+ *Experiments conducted December 2025. Models tested via HuggingFace Transformers and Ollama.*
788
  """)
789
 
790
+ # Event handlers
791
  translate_btn.click(
792
  fn=smc_translate,
793
+ inputs=[concept_input, profession_dropdown, custom_words, model_dropdown, num_particles, max_steps, tokens_per_step, constraint_mode],
794
  outputs=[smc_output, trace_output, banned_words_display]
795
  )
796
 
benchmark_data.json CHANGED
@@ -1,10 +1,24 @@
1
  {
2
  "metadata": {
3
  "benchmark_date": "2025-12-26",
4
- "smc_params": {
5
- "num_particles": 5,
6
- "max_steps": 25,
7
- "tokens_per_step": 6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8
  },
9
  "scoring": {
10
  "jargon_free": 25,
@@ -73,6 +87,97 @@
73
  }
74
  },
75
  "model_results": {
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
76
  "Gemma-2-2B": {
77
  "total_score": 550,
78
  "max_possible": 1200,
 
1
  {
2
  "metadata": {
3
  "benchmark_date": "2025-12-26",
4
+ "constraint_modes": {
5
+ "hard": {
6
+ "description": "Prune all particles containing jargon",
7
+ "smc_params": {
8
+ "num_particles": 5,
9
+ "max_steps": 25,
10
+ "tokens_per_step": 6
11
+ }
12
+ },
13
+ "soft": {
14
+ "description": "Weighted resampling: particles with jargon get reduced weights",
15
+ "penalty_factor": 0.3,
16
+ "smc_params": {
17
+ "num_particles": 5,
18
+ "max_steps": 15,
19
+ "tokens_per_step": 25
20
+ }
21
+ }
22
  },
23
  "scoring": {
24
  "jargon_free": 25,
 
87
  }
88
  },
89
  "model_results": {
90
+ "Qwen2.5-7B-SoftConstraint": {
91
+ "total_score": 920,
92
+ "max_possible": 1200,
93
+ "percentage": 76.7,
94
+ "jargon_violations": 1,
95
+ "successful_outputs": 12,
96
+ "pruned_outputs": 0,
97
+ "constraint_mode": "soft",
98
+ "results": {
99
+ "Legal": {
100
+ "Force Majeure clause and why it might void our contract": {
101
+ "output": "Imagine you promised to help your neighbor clean their garage on Saturday. But then a huge storm comes and makes everything too wet. A Force Majeure clause is like saying 'if something really big and unexpected happens that makes it impossible to keep our promise, then neither of us gets in trouble for breaking it.'",
102
+ "jargon_found": [],
103
+ "score": 75,
104
+ "status": "success"
105
+ },
106
+ "Why we need to add an indemnification clause to protect your business": {
107
+ "output": "Imagine you're selling lemonade at a fair. You want to make sure that if someone gets sick from your lemonade, you won't have to pay their doctor bills or get into big trouble. So, you ask the person making your lemons to promise they'll take responsibility if anything goes wrong with the ingredients they provided.",
108
+ "jargon_found": [],
109
+ "score": 75,
110
+ "status": "success"
111
+ },
112
+ "What happens if the other party breaches the non-compete agreement": {
113
+ "output": "Imagine you and your best friend promise not to join another soccer team while you're both on the same one. If your friend joins another team without telling you or getting permission, they've broken their promise. In this case, you might feel sad and upset, and the grown-ups might need to help figure out how to make things fair again.",
114
+ "jargon_found": [],
115
+ "score": 75,
116
+ "status": "success"
117
+ }
118
+ },
119
+ "Medical": {
120
+ "Your MRI shows a benign lesion that we should monitor": {
121
+ "output": "Imagine your body is like a house. Sometimes, an MRI can find a small spot that's no big deal—like finding a harmless spider in one of your rooms. We just want to check on it now and then to make sure it stays small and doesn't cause any trouble.",
122
+ "jargon_found": [],
123
+ "score": 75,
124
+ "status": "success"
125
+ },
126
+ "The etiology of your chronic fatigue syndrome": {
127
+ "output": "Imagine your body is like a car. Sometimes, just like how a car might need maintenance or have an engine problem, your body can feel really tired all the time. We're trying to figure out what's making your 'engine' run slow—it could be from a past sickness, stress, or how your body's defense system is working.",
128
+ "jargon_found": [],
129
+ "score": 75,
130
+ "status": "success"
131
+ },
132
+ "Why we're recommending prophylactic treatment given your comorbidities": {
133
+ "output": "Imagine your body is like a house, and sometimes tiny germs try to get inside through the windows. Your immune system is like the house's security system. Because you have a few health conditions at once, your security system isn't as strong, so we want to give you medicine now to help keep those germs out before they cause trouble.",
134
+ "jargon_found": [],
135
+ "score": 75,
136
+ "status": "success"
137
+ }
138
+ },
139
+ "Financial": {
140
+ "How compound interest and amortization affect your mortgage payments": {
141
+ "output": "Imagine you have a piggy bank where you put in $100 every month to pay off your toy store credit. At first, most of your money goes to paying back the store for letting you borrow money. But over time, more and more of your $100 actually goes toward paying off what you originally owed.",
142
+ "jargon_found": [],
143
+ "score": 100,
144
+ "status": "success"
145
+ },
146
+ "Why we recommend diversifying your portfolio with low-liquidity assets": {
147
+ "output": "Imagine you have a toy box full of different toys. Some toys, like building blocks, are easy to play with anytime—you can grab them quickly. Other toys, like a special puzzle that takes time to set up, are harder to use right away but can be really fun and valuable. We suggest having both kinds so if one type isn't working well, you still have the other.",
148
+ "jargon_found": [],
149
+ "score": 75,
150
+ "status": "success"
151
+ },
152
+ "The tax implications of depreciation on your rental property": {
153
+ "output": "Imagine you have a toy castle that you use for your tea parties. Over time, parts of the castle get old and need fixing. The government lets you say 'my castle is worth less now because it's wearing out,' and that means you don't have to give as much of your allowance in taxes.",
154
+ "jargon_found": [],
155
+ "score": 75,
156
+ "status": "success"
157
+ }
158
+ },
159
+ "Technical/Engineering": {
160
+ "Why our API has high latency and how microservices could help": {
161
+ "output": "Imagine you're at a big birthday party, and you want to ask your friend what their favorite ice cream flavor is. If everyone has to wait in one long line to talk to the same person, it takes forever. But if you split up into smaller groups where each person handles one type of question, everyone gets their answers much faster.",
162
+ "jargon_found": [],
163
+ "score": 75,
164
+ "status": "success"
165
+ },
166
+ "The difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing": {
167
+ "output": "Imagine you're helping mommy or daddy make lemonade. With one way, you follow each step one after another: first, you cut the lemons, then you squeeze them, then you add sugar. With the other way, you can start squeezing while someone else adds sugar—everyone works at the same time!",
168
+ "jargon_found": ["synchronous"],
169
+ "score": 70,
170
+ "status": "success"
171
+ },
172
+ "Why we need to refactor the legacy codebase before adding new features": {
173
+ "output": "Imagine you have an old toy house made of wooden blocks that's been your favorite for years. It's starting to get wobbly. Instead of just adding more rooms on top (which could make it fall down), we need to fix the wobbly parts first so everything stays strong when we add new pieces.",
174
+ "jargon_found": [],
175
+ "score": 75,
176
+ "status": "success"
177
+ }
178
+ }
179
+ }
180
+ },
181
  "Gemma-2-2B": {
182
  "total_score": 550,
183
  "max_possible": 1200,