from __future__ import annotations

import base64
import binascii
import hashlib
import json
import os
import re
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, Literal
from urllib.parse import quote

import httpx
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field


BodyType = Literal["json", "form", "text"]
PATH_PARAMETER = re.compile(r"{(?P<name>[^}:]+)(?::(?P<converter>[^}]+))?}")
INLINE_RESPONSE_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("MCP_INLINE_RESPONSE_MAX_BYTES", str(1024 * 1024)))
TEXT_PREVIEW_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("MCP_TEXT_PREVIEW_MAX_CHARS", "12000"))
RESTRICTED_HEADERS = {
    "connection",
    "content-length",
    "host",
    "transfer-encoding",
}


class EncodedFile(BaseModel):
    field_name: str = Field(default="files", description="Multipart form field name.")
    filename: str
    content_base64: str = Field(description="Base64-encoded file content.")
    content_type: str = "application/octet-stream"


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class RouteSource:
    namespace: str
    app: FastAPI
    path_prefix: str = ""


def create_mcp_server(
    target_app: FastAPI,
    route_sources: tuple[RouteSource, ...],
) -> tuple[FastMCP, list[dict[str, Any]]]:
    server = FastMCP(
        "Unified Media Studio",
        instructions=(
            "Each tool maps to one Unified Media Studio HTTP endpoint. "
            "Use path_params for URL placeholders, query for query parameters, "
            "body for JSON or form data, headers for authentication, and files "
            "for base64-encoded multipart uploads."
        ),
        host="0.0.0.0",
        stateless_http=True,
        json_response=True,
        streamable_http_path="/",
    )
    catalog: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
    used_names: set[str] = set()

    for source in route_sources:
        for route in source.app.routes:
            if not isinstance(route, APIRoute):
                continue

            full_path = _join_paths(source.path_prefix, route.path)
            for method in sorted(route.methods or []):
                if method in {"HEAD", "OPTIONS"}:
                    continue

                tool_name = _tool_name(source.namespace, method, route, used_names)
                description = _tool_description(method, full_path, route)
                tool = _make_route_tool(target_app, method, full_path)
                server.tool(name=tool_name, description=description)(tool)
                catalog.append(
                    {
                        "name": tool_name,
                        "method": method,
                        "path": full_path,
                        "namespace": source.namespace,
                        "tags": list(route.tags or []),
                    }
                )

    return server, catalog


def _make_route_tool(target_app: FastAPI, method: str, path_template: str):
    async def invoke_endpoint(
        path_params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        query: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        body: Any = None,
        body_type: BodyType = "json",
        headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
        files: list[EncodedFile] | None = None,
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Invoke the mapped Studio endpoint.

        Path placeholders belong in path_params. Query-string values belong in
        query. Use body_type="form" for form fields and files for multipart
        uploads. Existing endpoint authentication headers are forwarded.
        """
        request_path = _render_path(path_template, path_params or {})
        request_headers = _clean_headers(headers or {})
        request_kwargs = _request_kwargs(body, body_type, files or [])

        transport = httpx.ASGITransport(app=target_app, raise_app_exceptions=False)
        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
            transport=transport,
            base_url="http://studio.internal",
            follow_redirects=True,
            timeout=None,
        ) as client:
            async with client.stream(
                method,
                request_path,
                params=query or None,
                headers=request_headers or None,
                **request_kwargs,
            ) as response:
                return await _serialize_response(response, method, request_path)

    invoke_endpoint.__name__ = f"invoke_{method.lower()}_{_slug(path_template)}"
    return invoke_endpoint


def _request_kwargs(
    body: Any,
    body_type: BodyType,
    files: list[EncodedFile],
) -> dict[str, Any]:
    if files:
        multipart_files = []
        for item in files:
            try:
                content = base64.b64decode(item.content_base64, validate=True)
            except (ValueError, binascii.Error) as exc:
                raise ValueError(f"Invalid base64 content for {item.filename}") from exc
            multipart_files.append(
                (
                    item.field_name,
                    (item.filename, content, item.content_type),
                )
            )
        return {
            "data": _form_items(body),
            "files": multipart_files,
        }

    if body is None:
        return {}
    if body_type == "json":
        return {"json": body}
    if body_type == "form":
        return {"data": _form_items(body)}
    if isinstance(body, str):
        return {"content": body}
    return {"content": json.dumps(body)}


def _form_items(body: Any) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
    if body is None:
        return {}
    if not isinstance(body, dict):
        raise ValueError("Form bodies must be JSON objects")

    items: dict[str, str | list[str]] = {}
    for key, value in body.items():
        values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
        encoded_values: list[str] = []
        for item in values:
            if isinstance(item, (dict, list)):
                encoded = json.dumps(item)
            elif item is None:
                encoded = ""
            elif isinstance(item, bool):
                encoded = str(item).lower()
            else:
                encoded = str(item)
            encoded_values.append(encoded)
        items[str(key)] = encoded_values if isinstance(value, list) else encoded_values[0]
    return items


def _render_path(path_template: str, path_params: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
    expected = {match.group("name") for match in PATH_PARAMETER.finditer(path_template)}
    missing = sorted(expected - path_params.keys())
    if missing:
        raise ValueError(f"Missing path parameters: {', '.join(missing)}")

    def replace(match: re.Match[str]) -> str:
        name = match.group("name")
        converter = match.group("converter")
        safe = "/" if converter == "path" else ""
        return quote(str(path_params[name]), safe=safe)

    return PATH_PARAMETER.sub(replace, path_template)


async def _serialize_response(
    response: httpx.Response,
    method: str,
    request_path: str,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
    content_type = response.headers.get("content-type", "").split(";", 1)[0].lower()
    result: dict[str, Any] = {
        "status_code": response.status_code,
        "method": method,
        "path": request_path,
        "content_type": content_type or None,
    }

    for header in ("content-disposition", "location"):
        if header in response.headers:
            result[header.replace("-", "_")] = response.headers[header]

    declared_size = _content_length(response.headers.get("content-length"))
    if declared_size is not None and declared_size > INLINE_RESPONSE_LIMIT:
        result["size_bytes"] = declared_size
        result["body_omitted"] = True
        return result

    content = await _read_bounded(response, INLINE_RESPONSE_LIMIT + 1)
    if not content:
        result["body"] = None
        return result

    if len(content) > INLINE_RESPONSE_LIMIT:
        result["size_bytes_at_least"] = len(content)
        result["body_omitted"] = True
        if _is_text_content(content_type):
            result["preview"] = content[:TEXT_PREVIEW_LIMIT].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
        return result

    if content_type == "application/json" or content_type.endswith("+json"):
        try:
            result["body"] = json.loads(content)
        except (UnicodeDecodeError, ValueError):
            result["body"] = content[:TEXT_PREVIEW_LIMIT].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
        return result

    if _is_text_content(content_type):
        result["body"] = content[:TEXT_PREVIEW_LIMIT].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
        return result

    result["size_bytes"] = len(content)
    result["body_base64"] = base64.b64encode(content).decode("ascii")
    return result


async def _read_bounded(response: httpx.Response, limit: int) -> bytes:
    content = bytearray()
    async for chunk in response.aiter_bytes():
        remaining = limit - len(content)
        if remaining <= 0:
            break
        content.extend(chunk[:remaining])
        if len(content) >= limit:
            break
    return bytes(content)


def _content_length(value: str | None) -> int | None:
    if value is None:
        return None
    try:
        return max(0, int(value))
    except ValueError:
        return None


def _tool_name(
    namespace: str,
    method: str,
    route: APIRoute,
    used_names: set[str],
) -> str:
    base = _slug(f"{namespace}_{method}_{route.name or route.path}")
    if len(base) > 96:
        digest = hashlib.sha1(base.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()[:10]
        base = f"{base[:85]}_{digest}"

    candidate = base
    suffix = 2
    while candidate in used_names:
        candidate = f"{base}_{suffix}"
        suffix += 1
    used_names.add(candidate)
    return candidate


def _tool_description(method: str, full_path: str, route: APIRoute) -> str:
    summary = route.summary or route.description or route.name or "Studio API endpoint"
    summary = " ".join(summary.split())
    return (
        f"{method} {full_path}. {summary} "
        "Arguments: path_params, query, body, body_type, headers, and base64 files."
    )


def _join_paths(prefix: str, path: str) -> str:
    if not prefix:
        return path or "/"
    if path == "/":
        return f"{prefix.rstrip('/')}/"
    return f"{prefix.rstrip('/')}/{path.lstrip('/')}"


def _clean_headers(headers: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
    return {
        str(key): str(value)
        for key, value in headers.items()
        if str(key).lower() not in RESTRICTED_HEADERS
    }


def _is_text_content(content_type: str) -> bool:
    return (
        content_type.startswith("text/")
        or content_type in {"application/javascript", "application/xml"}
        or content_type.endswith("+xml")
    )


def _slug(value: str) -> str:
    cleaned = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]+", "_", value).strip("_").lower()
    return cleaned or "endpoint"